Volume XXV No. 3 May-Jun 2011

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Volume XXV No. 3 May-Jun 2011 NF_TACF_MayJune-2011_Cover.indd 24 6/21/11 6:22 AM The American Chestnut Foundation 28th Annual Meeting October 21-23, 2011 Beaver Hollow Conference Center Java Center, New York www.beaverhollow.com Beaver Hollow Conference Center is nestled on 300 wooded acres with a private, spring-fed lake. It is located just 45 minutes from the Buffalo Niagara International Airport and showcases the beauty of New York in all of its autumn glory. Meeting Registration - $180 (does not include lodging) Includes · Friday Night Welcome Reception · Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program · Access to all Workshops · All Meals Day Pass - Saturday ($65) or Sunday ($45) Includes · All Workshops · Breakfast and Lunch Day passes do NOT include Friday Night Welcome Reception or Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program Tickets can be purchased separately for the following events: Friday Night Welcome Reception: $35 Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program: $35 Room rates start at $150 per night For reservations call: 1-800-964-7903 NF_TACF_May_June-2011_2-3.indd 2 6/22/11 9:28 AM The American Chestnut Foundation THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION th 28 Annual Meeting Board of Directors Chairman Secretary Glen Rea, ME Essie Burnworth, MD October 21-23, 2011 Vice Chair, Science Legal Counsel Dr. Kim Steiner, PA Donald Willeke, Esq., MN Vice Chair, Development Science Director Beaver Hollow Conference Center Carolyn Hill, GA Dr. Albert Ellingboe, WI Treasurer President & CEO Steve Barilovits III, NC (non-voting) Java Center, New York Bryan Burhans www.beaverhollow.com William Adamsen, CT Rex Mann, KY Dr. Gary Carver, MD Bryant Marsh II, IN Dr. J. Hill Craddock, TN Dr. Brian C. McCarthy, OH The Mission of The American Chestnut Foundation Herb Darling, NY James O. Mills, TN Tim Eck, PA Joe Nicholson, GA he mission of THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION is to Yvonne Federowicz, MA Tim Phelps, TN restore the American chestnut tree to its native range within the Sean Fisher, TN Mac Phillippi, AL woodlands of the eastern United States, using a scientific research and breeding program developed by its founders. The American Lynn Garrison, KY John Scrivani, VA Chestnut Foundation is restoring a species - and in the process, creat- Doug Gillis, NC Dr. Paul Sisco, NC ing a template for restoration of other tree and plant species. Hugh Irwin, NC Bradford Stanback, NC Beaver Hollow Conference Center is nestled on 300 wooded acres with a private, Dr. Joseph B. James, SC George ompson, VA We harvested our first potentially blight-resistant nuts in 2005, and the Foundation T Grace Knight, VT Run Van Bossuyt ,MA is beginning reforestation trials with potentially blight-resistant American-type trees. spring-fed lake. It is located just 45 minutes from the Buffalo Niagara International Dr. William Lord, PA Bruce Wakeland, IN The return of the American chestnut to its former range in the Appalachian hardwood Airport and showcases the beauty of New York in all of its autumn glory. forest ecosystem is a major restoration project that requires a multi-faceted effort involv- Dr. William MacDonald, WV Richard S. Will, TX ing 6,000 members and volunteers, research, sustained funding and most important, a Honorary Directors sense of the past and a hope for the future. Meeting Registration - $180 (does not include lodging) e Honorable Mrs. Mary Belle Price James Earl Carter Includes Dr. Peter H. Raven Dr. Richard A. Jaynes · Friday Night Welcome Reception Mr. Philip A. Rutter · Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program Production Staff · Access to all Workshops Doug Howlett James Powell · All Meals Editorial Director Editor Je Hughes Paul Franklin Managing Editor Day Pass - Saturday ($65) or Sunday ($45) Art Director TACF Locations & Staff Includes TACF National O ce 160 Zillicoa Street, Suite D · All Workshops Asheville, NC 28801 (828) 281-0047 · Breakfast and Lunch Bryan Burhans, President and CEO Judy Antaramian, Administrative Assistant Day passes do NOT include Friday Night Welcome Reception or Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program Betsy Gamber, V.P. of Operations Paul Franklin, Director of Communications Tickets can be purchased separately for the following events: Dennis Kimball, Sta Accountant Lisa Sousa, Director of Grants and Agreements Friday Night Welcome Reception: $35 Marshal Case, President Emeritus Saturday Night Dinner and Awards Program: $35 Meadowview Mid-Atlantic Regional O ce Research Farms Virginia Dept. of Forestry 9010 Hawthorne Dr Central O ce Meadowview, VA 24361-3349 900 Natural Resources Dr. (276) 944-4631 Charlottesville, VA 22903 Dr. Fred Hebard, Chief Scientist, (434) 906-9312 David Bevins, Research Techni- Katy McCune, Room rates start at $150 per night cian, Robert Caudell, Technician, Regional Science Coordinator Danny Honaker, Farmer; George Sykes, Farmer North Central Regional O ce School of Forest Resources New England Regional O ce 206 Forest Resources Lab USFS Northern University Park, PA 16802 Research Station (814) 863-7192 705 Spear Street Sara Fitzsimmons, Northern South Burlington, VT 05403 Appalachian Regional About Our Cover Photo: (802) 999-8706 Science Coordinator Kendra Gurney, New England Mark Banker, Director of Clint Neel performs a Father Tree pollination at the Price Orchard at Meadowview Regional Science Coordinator Development Farm, using pollen from southern trees. e resulting nuts were planted in several or- Southern Regional O ce chards in the southern region. An article on controlled pollination appears on page 19. Department of Biology & Environmental Services 615 McCallie Ave, Holt Hall 215, Chattanooga, TN 37403 William White, Southern Appalachian Regional Science Coordinator Phone: (423) 906-8706 WWW.ACF.ORG | THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION 3 NF_TACF_May_June-2011_2-3.indd 3 6/21/11 5:52 AM TABLE OF CONTENTS 9 Inside This Issue: Letter from TACF Chairman, Glen Rea 5 Charting the Course – the Power of Volunteers News from The American Chestnut Foundation 6 The Latest News from Chestnut Country Bryan Burhans 10 8TACF’s Heroes – Volunteer Orchard Managers TACF Chapter Focus 9Alabama Builds Relationships for Restoration Inoculating Chestnuts with Chestnut Blight 10 Testing our Trees for Resistance to Blight American Chestnut Learning Box 12 It was a Big Hit at the Annual Meeting, So What Comes Next? Giving the Ozark Chinquapin its Due 17 14 New Foundation Works to Bring Back this Nearly Forgotten Tree Forest Inventory and Analysis 17 Where Does the Chestnut Stand Today? Controlled Pollination for Blight Resistance 19 Hand Pollination of Chestnuts is an Art and a Science The Ozark Chinquapin 21 Origin of a Species 21 Cooking With Chestnuts 23 Brussels Sprouts with Bacon and Chestnuts 4 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION | MAY/JUNE 2011 NF_TACF_MayJune-2011_4-TOC.indd 4 6/21/11 11:44 AM LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN Charting Our Course - The Power of Volunteers by TACF Chairman Glen Rea he word “restoration” has become to TACF for inclusion in the planning the buzzword for e American process and I want to reiterate that we Chestnut Foundation (TACF) are taking a very “ground up” approach over the past 28 years. While it to the development of this nal restora- means many di erent things to tion plan. many dierent people, restora- We want you to be involved in this tion is, and always will be dened for me as very important planning process. By TTACF’s sole mission. Today, restoration has sending your ideas, questions and even taken on a new meaning – ACTION. concerns to any of the regional science TACF recently began the restoration planning coordinators, you will become part of process by hosting four regionally-based work- a plan that has been 28 years in the shops to develop a way to collect information, making. is is an inclusive process suggestions and associated questions about that will someday result in our forests TACF Chairman restoration from our members and partners. being lled with that mighty giant—the Amer- Glen Rea e ideas and suggestions that come from these ican chestnut tree. workshops will help lead us toward developing a comprehensive restoration plan for the Amer- Go to www.acf.org and click on “Regional ican chestnut. is process has been designed Restoration Planning Workshops”. to ensure a bottom-up approach so that we can fully consider the comments and recommenda- tions of our partners and any of our members who want to contribute to the process. In addition to the workshops recently com- pleted, TACF will sponsor three more techni- cal workshops to gather ideas and suggestions regarding our restoration plan. ese techni- cal workshops include: Breeding and Testing, Development and Business, and Reintroduc- tion and Ecology. ese technical workshops will gather input from speci c experts to help us develop a plan based on the best available science. Our foundation was established with the idea that our members are the single most im- portant factor in achieving our mission. “Take care of the volunteer, and they will take care of the mission.” e development of this restora- tion plan follows the same path—this is an inclusive planning process and everyone has a chance to participate. If you were not able to attend any of the four workshops, I would en- courage you to take a look at the rst draf t of the restoration plan on our website (www.acf. org) along with other relevant information about the planning process. ere is still time to provide input and written recommendations WWW.ACF.ORG | THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION 5 NF_TACF_MayJune-2011_5_Chairman Page.indd 5 6/21/11 5:56 AM NEWS FROM THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION News From TACF DNA Analysis May Help in Breeding James developed a screening protocol to select Root-Rot Resistant Chestnut Trees hybrids that are resistant to both root rot and How many genes from Chinese chestnut chestnut blight.
Recommended publications
  • The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The ffecE t of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis Colton Zirkle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Zirkle, Colton, "The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1996. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Colton Zirkle Missouri State University Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2014 May 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Ashley Dowling Thesis Director ____________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Frederick Paillet Dr. Neelendra Joshi Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis), once found throughout the Interior Highlands of the United States, has been decimated across much of its range due to accidental introduction of chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica. Efforts have been made to conserve and restore C. ozarkensis, but success requires thorough knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species. Other Castanea species are reported to have characteristics of both wind and insect pollination, but pollination strategies of Ozark chinquapin are unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitive Species That Are Not Listed Or Proposed Under the ESA Sorted By: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci
    Forest Service Sensitive Species that are not listed or proposed under the ESA Sorted by: Major Group, Subgroup, NS Sci. Name; Legend: Page 94 REGION 10 REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 REGION 6 REGION 8 REGION 9 ALTERNATE NATURESERVE PRIMARY MAJOR SUB- U.S. N U.S. 2005 NATURESERVE SCIENTIFIC NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME(S) COMMON NAME GROUP GROUP G RANK RANK ESA C 9 Anahita punctulata Southeastern Wandering Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G4 NNR 9 Apochthonius indianensis A Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1G2 N1N2 9 Apochthonius paucispinosus Dry Fork Valley Cave Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 Pseudoscorpion 9 Erebomaster flavescens A Cave Obligate Harvestman Invertebrate Arachnid G3G4 N3N4 9 Hesperochernes mirabilis Cave Psuedoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G5 N5 8 Hypochilus coylei A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G3? NNR 8 Hypochilus sheari A Lampshade Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 NNR 9 Kleptochthonius griseomanus An Indiana Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Kleptochthonius orpheus Orpheus Cave Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 9 Kleptochthonius packardi A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion Invertebrate Arachnid G2G3 N2N3 9 Nesticus carteri A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid GNR NNR 8 Nesticus cooperi Lost Nantahala Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1 N1 8 Nesticus crosbyi A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G1? NNR 8 Nesticus mimus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2 NNR 8 Nesticus sheari A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR 8 Nesticus silvanus A Cave Spider Invertebrate Arachnid G2? NNR
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 9, December 2009
    4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009 VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA FROM THE SANS BOIS TO THE KIAMICHI MOUNTAINS Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 1969 Francis Hobart Means, Jr. Midwest City, Oklahoma Current Email Address: [email protected] The author grew up in the prairie region of Kay County where he learned to appreciate proper management of the soil and the native grass flora. After graduation from college, he moved to Eastern Oklahoma State College where he took a position as Instructor in Botany and Agronomy. In the course of conducting botany field trips and working with local residents on their plant problems, the author became increasingly interested in the flora of that area and of the State of Oklahoma. This led to an extensive study of the northern portion of the Oauchita Highlands with collections currently numbering approximately 4,200. The specimens have been processed according to standard herbarium procedures. The first set has been placed in the Herbarium of Oklahoma State University with the second set going to Eastern Oklahoma State College at Wilburton. Editor’s note: The original species list included habitat characteristics and collection notes. These are omitted here but are available in the dissertation housed at the Edmon-Low Library at OSU or in digital form by request to the editor. [SS] PHYSICAL FEATURES Winding Stair Mountain ranges. A second large valley lies across the southern part of Location and Area Latimer and LeFlore counties between the The area studied is located primarily in Winding Stair and Kiamichi mountain the Ouachita Highlands of eastern ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife and Chestnuts West Salem Mast Study Seed Preference Among Small Mammals | the Journal of the American Chestnut Foundation 1
    THE MARCH / APRIL 2013 I ISSUE 2 VOL. 27 TACF EBRAT EL ES 30C 1 YEARS 9 3 83 -201 OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDATION Special Issue: Wildlife and Chestnuts West Salem Mast Study Seed Preference Among Small Mammals WWW.ACF.ORG | THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDatION 1 Join Us This Fall In Our Nation’s Capital for TACF’s 30th Annual Meeting OCTOBER 19-20, 2013 at the Hyatt Dulles in Herndon, VA Registration will go live on our website www.acf.org on June 1st. Watch for details in the next issue of The Journal Join us for two days of fascinating presentations, hands-on workshops and chestnut camaraderie! Just half an hour from downtown Washington, DC, The Hyatt Dulles Conference Center is located adjacent to Dulles International Airport (shuttle service available). THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT FOUNDatION TACF National Office 160 Zillicoa Street, Suite D • Asheville, NC 28801 (828) 281-0047 Bryan Burhans, President and CEO Betsy Gamber, V.P. of Operations Join Us This Fall Ginny Blossom Kruntorad, V.P. of Development Dennis Kimball, Staff Accountant Lisa Sousa, Director of Grants and Agreements Paul Franklin, Director of Communications Tom Saielli, Southern Regional Science Coordinator In Our Nation’s Capital Mila Kirkland, Communications Specialist Judy Antaramian, Membership Coordinator Tina Wayne, Gift Entry and Donor Records Specialist for Michael French, Forester Marshal Case, President Emeritus Production Staff Editor Science Advisory Panel TACF’s 30th Paul Franklin Dr. Fred Hebard The Mission of The American Chestnut Foundation Associate Editor Dr. Paul Sisco Mila Kirkland Mathew Brinckman Design & Layout Sara Fitzsimmons Restore the American chestnut tree to our Leslie Shaw Kendra Gurney Annual Meeting Tom Saielli eastern woodlands to benefit our environment, Board of Directors our wildlife, and our society.
    [Show full text]
  • Castanea Pumila Var. Ozarkensis (Ashe) Tucker, Comb
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 29 Article 23 1975 Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis (Ashe) Tucker, comb. Nov Gary E. Tucker Arkansas Tech University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Botany Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Tucker, Gary E. (1975) "Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis (Ashe) Tucker, comb. Nov," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 29 , Article 23. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol29/iss1/23 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 29 [1975], Art. 23 Castaneapumila var ozarkensis (Ashe) Tucker, comb. nov. GARY E. TUCKER BiologyDepartment, Arkansas Polytechnic College, Russellville, Arkansas 72801 ABSTRACT Castanea ozarkensis Ashe, the Ozark chinquapin of the vascular plant family Fagaceae, is distributed widelythroughout the Interior Highlands of Arkansas and the adjacent states of Missouri and Oklahoma. Examination of material from throughout the range of C. ozarkensis indicates demonstrable morphological intergradation with C.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit & Nut Trees of Maxwell Arboretum
    Fruit & Nut Trees of Maxwell Arboretum Latin Name Castanea dentata Common Name American Chestnut Family Fagaceae HeightxWidth to 100’ Harvest time Aug.-Sept. Bloom time and color May/catkins Fruit color ©Emily Levine Description leaves: alternate, oblong to lanceolate, sharply serrate, smooth, 5-8” twigs: hairless, brown, 1/4” buds with 2-3 scales, scars are semicircular In the wild originally a large tree; now only saplings which get the chestnut blight at an early age and die. Fruit or Nut Use Extensive wildlife use: “birds to bears, squirrels to deer.” Livestock feed, esp. hogs. Important cash crop. Used for roasting, stuffing, ground for flour for baking. High in protein, low in fat. Notes Chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) introduced in 1904--probably from nursery stock brought in from Japan-- decimated the population within 50 years. Chestnuts were once the dominant species of much of the Eastern forests. ©Emily Levine ©Emily Levine ©Emily Levine Fruit & Nut Trees of Maxwell Arboretum Latin Name Castanea mollissima Common Name Chinese Chestnut Family Fagaceae HeightxWidth 50-50’ Harvest time Sept.-Oct. Bloom time and color June/catkins Fruit color ©Emily Levine Description Compared to American: American leaves narrower, longer more arching teeth; Chinese hair on lower surface and petiole. Chinese nuts 1-11/4”, American 1/2-1” diameter. Chinese twigs gray brown with fuzz, American are brown and hairless. Bark of Chinese is more gray. Chinese more spreading in form generally. Both have shiny brown nuts in spiny burs. Fruit or Nut Use same as for American Chestnut Notes Blight resistant. Nuts said to be not as sweet as American Chestnut.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2010 Chinkapin, Chestnut’S Little Brother
    Chestnut Mast Volume 12, Issue 1 The Carolinas Chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation ® Spring 2010 Chinkapin, chestnut’s little brother By Paul Sisco Range map of the ® Ozark chinkapin, CC-TACF Vice-President Castanea ozarkensis. Map courtesy This issue of The Chestnut Mast features of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. the chinkapin, chestnut’s “little brother.” The chinkapin (also spelled chinquapin) is a close relative of the American chestnut, but with only a single nut per bur. It commonly has a dwarfed, bush-like stature species, Allegheny (Castanea pumila) but attains tree size in the Ozark Mountains and Ozark chinkapin (Castanea of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma and a few ozarkensis). Maps of the range of the two other places in the South. species are shown. American chinkapins have been Dr. Joe James of The Carolinas Chapter— divided into as many as seven species, The American Chestnut Foundation® and because there is so much variation in leaf Dr. Hill Craddock of The University of A range map of the Allegheny chinkapin, shape and plant stature among them. For Tennessee at Chattanooga have collected Castanea pumila. Map courtesy of the U.S. our purposes, we will include only the two chinkapins from around the South and are Department of Agriculture. most widely recognized chinkapin trying to breed chinkapins that are resistant to both chestnut blight and Phytophthora See page 4 for more about chinkapins (left) and chestnuts (right). Photo by Paul Sisco. root rot disease. Chinkapins, like their big brothers, the chestnut trees, are susceptible to both chestnut blight and root rot.
    [Show full text]
  • Kl-T�� William A
    PETITION FOR DETERMINATION OF NONREGULATED STATUS FOR BLIGHT-TOLERANT DARLING 58 AMERICAN CHESTNUT (Castanea dentata) Submitted January 17, 2020 Event name: Darling 58 and offspring Tentative OECD Unique Identifier: ESF-DAR58-3 No CBI. Unfavorable information: None. The undersigned submits this petition under 7 CFR 340.6 to request that the Administrator make a determination that the article should not be regulated under 7 CFR part 340. Submitted kL-t�� William A. Powell, Ph.D. Director, American Chestnut Research and Restoration Project State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse NY, 13210, 315-470-6744 [email protected] State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Prepared by Andrew Newhouse, Vernon Coffey, Linda McGuigan, Allison Oakes, Kaitlin Breda, Dakota Matthews, John Drake, John Dougherty, John French, Michael Braverman, Charles Maynard, William Powell Contributors A. Allwine, K. Baier, A. Brown, N. Cannon, E. Carlson, J. Carlson, K. D' Amico, T. Desmarais, C. Duong, S. Garrett, J. Gibbs, H. Goldspiel, A. Gray, T. Horton, J. Johnson, D. Leopold, S. McArt, L. Northern, A. Onwumelu, H. Pilkey, H. Roden, J. Rushton, K. Russell, E. Saraiva, S. Satchwell, M. Staton, S. Stehman, B. Sweeney, A. Teller, T. Tschaplinski, L. Will, J. Zarnowski, B. Zhang Darling 58 American Chestnut - ESF 1 Executive Summary Researchers at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF) have developed Darling 58 American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees with enhanced blight tolerance. This enhanced blight tolerance trait is generated by a single gene and can be passed on to subsequent generations through classical Mendelian inheritance.
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Nuts. Non-Wood Forest Products
    iii <J)z o '"o ~ NON-WOODNO\ -WOOD FORESTFOREST PRODUCTSPRODUCTS o 55 Edible nuts Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations NON-WOOD0 \ -WOOD FOREST FOREST PRODUCTS PRODUCTS 55 EdibleEdible nuts by G.E. Wickens FOOD AND AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITEDUNITED NATIONSNATIONS Rome,Rome, 19951995 The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflectreflect opinionsopinions onon thethe partpart ofof FAO.FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do notnot implyimplythe the expressionexpression ofof any anyopinion opinion whatsoever whatsoever onon thethe part of thethe FoodFood andand AgricultureAgriculture OrganizationOrganization of thethe UnitedUnited Nations concerning the legal status of any country,country, territory,territory, citycity oror area or ofof itsits authorities, authorities, orconcerningor concerning the the delimitation delimitation ofof its its frontiers frontiers or boundaries.boundaries. M-37 ISBNISBN 92-5-103748-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,reproduced , stored in a retrieval systemsystem,, or transmitted inin any formform oror byby anyany means, means ,electronic, electronic, mechanicalmechanical,, photocopying oror otherwiseotherwise,, without the prior permissionpermission ofof thethe copyright owner. Applications forfor such permission,permission, withwith a statementstatement of thethe purpose and extent of the reproduction,reproduction, should be addressed to the
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri & Arkansas: the Ozarks & Tallgrass Prairies
    MISSOURI & ARKANSAS: THE OZARKS & TALLGRASS PRAIRIES A NATURAL HISTORY OF AMERICA’S HEARTLAND MAY 3–12, 2019 Buffalo River Valley. Photo S. Hilty 2019 LEADER: STEVE HILTY LIST COMPILED BY: STEVE HILTY VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM MISSOURI & ARKANSAS: THE OZARKS & TALLGRASS PRAIRIES May 3–12, 2019 By Steve Hilty This was a trip of superlatives—some good, some of questionable merit—but we found all of our target birds, and each of them provided exceptional viewing opportunities, often for extended periods of time. Also, spring flowers and botanizing generally were excellent, and tallgrass prairie flowers were absolutely glorious, especially at the Sheldon L. Cook Memorial prairie. And who will forget the feisty little Prairie Crayfish that got caught exposed above ground for all to see. A little background regarding the spring weather this year adds some perspective to what follows. The midwest experienced very high rainfall this spring, especially the week previous to our trip, and the rain continued off and on throughout the trip, making this perhaps the rainiest and cloudiest spring Ozarks and Prairies trip I have guided in almost thirty years. We rarely saw the sun, so butterflies were virtually non-existent, but remarkably, for all the rainy forecasts, threatened and real, it was only on the last day that it began to interfere with birding. Several aspects of this trip have changed notably in the last year or two, among them: 1) now finding few restaurants open for early breakfasts (several have closed) so we are now faced with an increasing number of McDonald’s breakfasts (a dubious distinction); 2) a remarkable upsurge in prescribed burns in the forest understory of US Forest Service managed national forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Ozark Chinquapin
    Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis) Ben Hassine Ben Ali M1*, Paillet FL2 and Stephenson SL1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 2Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 *Corresponding Author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Mourad Ben Hassine Ben Ali) Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis) is a small tree endemic to the Ozark Plateau region of Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri in the eastern central United States. Like other North American members of the genus Castanea (including American chestnut, the best known example), Ozark chinquapin is susceptible to the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica, Ascomycota), which was inadvertently introduced into North America at the end of the 19th century. Populations of Ozark chinquapin have undergone a major decline since the arrival of the blight in the region where the species is found. As is the case for other members of the family Fagaceae, Ozark chinquapin forms ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with various 1 fungi, but the taxa involved are not known. In the present study, the taxa of ECM fungi associated with Ozark chinquapin in three different study sites in northwest Arkansas were investigated. Root-tips were obtained from 18 different trees, and 42 taxa of fungi were identified from DNA sequences. Forty of these fungi known or suspected to form ECM relationships. The majority of ECM fungi identified belong to the Basidiomycota, with members of the families Russulaceae, Clavulinaceae, Thelephoraceae and Cortinariaceae particularly prominent. The fact that no fungal taxon was recorded from more than a single study site suggests that the total biodiversity of the assemblage of ECM fungi associated with Ozark chinquapin is exceedingly high.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivars of Chestnuts Updated January 2020
    CULTIVARS OF CHESTNUTS UPDATED JANUARY 2020 Sandra L. Anagnostakis, Emeritus, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, cell phone 203-988-2073, fax 203-974-8502, e-mail [email protected] Chestnut trees have been selected for their characteristics in all of their native countries, and people have propagated those with bigger fruit or straighter timber. The species have different characteristics and are listed below. CHESTNUT SPECIES SECTION Castanea [three nuts per bur] Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkhausen American Chestnut Castanea sativa Miller European Chestnut Castanea mollissima Blume Chinese Chestnut Castanea crenata Siebold and Zuccarini Japanese Chestnut Castanea seguinii Dode Chinese Dwarf Chestnut SECTION Balanocastanon [one nut per bur] Castanea pumila (Linnaeus) Miller Allegheny Chinquapin Castanea ozarkensis (Ashe) Ozark Chinquapin SECTION Hypocastanon [one nut per bur] Castanea henryi (Skan) Rehder & Wilson Henry Chinquapin 1 “Named cultivars” are grafted clones of trees whose characteristics are desirable for many reasons. Since they are genetically identical, and chestnuts will not self-pollinate, two or more cultivars (or some seedlings, which are all different) must be planted to provide pollen for each other. Cultivars are grafted onto compatible rootstocks and are sold by many nurseries. Information on nut size has not been systematically collected in all of the U.S. growing regions for cultivars, so the list of named cultivars has only general information for most. Some cultivars are simply selections of species trees that were superior, but others are the result of controlled or accidental breeding of several trees. Our first records of crosses between chestnut species typify the whole history of chestnut breeding in the U.S.: the work was done by both an interested amateur and by a professional botanist.
    [Show full text]