4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA FROM THE SANS BOIS TO THE KIAMICHI MOUNTAINS

Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 1969

Francis Hobart Means, Jr. Midwest City, Oklahoma Current Email Address: [email protected] The author grew up in the prairie region of Kay County where he learned to appreciate proper management of the soil and the native grass flora. After graduation from college, he moved to Eastern Oklahoma State College where he took a position as Instructor in Botany and Agronomy. In the course of conducting botany field trips and working with local residents on their plant problems, the author became increasingly interested in the flora of that area and of the State of Oklahoma. This led to an extensive study of the northern portion of the Oauchita Highlands with collections currently numbering approximately 4,200. The specimens have been processed according to standard herbarium procedures. The first set has been placed in the Herbarium of Oklahoma State University with the second set going to Eastern Oklahoma State College at Wilburton. Editor’s note: The original species list included habitat characteristics and collection notes. These are omitted here but are available in the dissertation housed at the Edmon-Low Library at OSU or in digital form by request to the editor. [SS]

PHYSICAL FEATURES Winding Stair Mountain ranges. A second large valley lies across the southern part of Location and Area Latimer and LeFlore counties between the The area studied is located primarily in Winding Stair and Kiamichi mountain the Ouachita Highlands of eastern ranges. Oklahoma. The specific area is generally bounded on the west by State Highway 2, Geology on the south by the Kiamichi Mountains, on The Sans Bois Mountains of northern the east by the Oklahoma-Arkansas State Latimer and LeFlore counties are primarily Line, and on the north by the Sans Bois Savanna and McAlester formations of the Mountains. The area includes the southern Krebs group, dating from the Pennsylvanian two-thirds of Latimer County, the southern (Snider 1917). The valleys to the west and half of LeFlore County, and the northeast east of Wilburton in Latimer County and corner of Pushmataha County. extending eastward into LeFlore County are Most of the area is mountainous with alluvium and low terrace deposits underlain prairie sites lying generally west to east in by Pennsylvanian strata (Snider 1917). narrow valleys. One large prairie site lies in These valleys are generally associated with northern Latimer County and central Gaines Creek in Latimer County, Fourche LeFlore County, between the Sans Bois and Maline Creek in Latimer and LeFlore

Means, F.H. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100067 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 9, December 2009

counties, and Poteau River in LeFlore a valley through which flows the Kiamichi County. These also are associated with the River. This valley runs from Big Cedar in coal basin of eastern Oklahoma, with LeFlore County westward through Talihina, numerous coal deposits occurring in the across Latimer County, and into Pennsylvanian strata. Pushmataha County near Clayton. It is The Ouachita Overthrust, forming the formed from the Stanley Shale of Upper Winding Stair Mountain Range, is of Mississippian (Snider 1917) that is easily Cambrian to Lower Pennsylvanian rocks eroded and forms valley floors. formed during the second period of Lying to the west of Talihina in mountain formation in eastern Oklahoma southeast Latimer County and along the (Dott 1928). The leading edge, to the north northeastern edge of Pushmataha County and west, formed a great arc and is now are the Potato Hills. They are remnants of known as the Choctaw Fault (Dott 1928), Ordovican black shales and sandstones which runs from west to east across central underlain by shales of Lower Pennsylvanian Latimer and LeFlore counties. The (Snider 1917). At many places the Arkansas Wapanucka limestone outcrops along this Novaculite-Stanley complex is present. The fault through Latimer County and dates to Ordovican consists of bluish, greenish, and the early Pennsylvanian (Fellows 1964). To white chert with thin cherty and slaty shales the south of the Choctaw Fault lie the with thin lenticels of limestone (Snider Winding Stair Mountains. They are heavily 1917). The Kiamichi Mountains are faulted, with alternating layers of sandstones Jackfork Shale of Pennsylvanian underlain and shales. The principal strata are the by Stanley Shale (Snider 1917). The Atoka Formation of Pennsylvanian, the sandstone is resistant to weathering. The Jackfork of Upper Mississippian, the John’s faulting is severe, and these mountains are Valley Formation of Upper Mississippian more rugged than the Winding Stair and Lower Pennsylvanian, and the Stanley Mountains. Rich Mountain, of southeast Shale of Upper Mississippian (Fellows LeFlore County, is of like composition. It is 1964). Characteristically the valleys are the highest in the area, reaching an elevation formed from shales and the mountains from of approximately 3000 feet (914.4 m) above sandstones. The deeper riverbeds contain sea level (Snider 1917), which is belts of Pleistocene materials. The Atoka approximately 2000 feet (609.6 m) above Formation is principally gray shale with the streams at its base. The lower elevations sandstones distributed throughout, while in the area are approximately 500 feet (152.4 the Jackfork is composed of heavy, massive m) above sea level. beds of brown sandstone separated by thinner bands of gray shale (Snider 1917). Topography by Counties The Atoka strata are more resistant to erosion than is the Stanley Shale. The John’s According to Snider (1917), Latimer Valley Formation is gray-green clay shale County covers approximately 735 sq. miles with interbedded sandstone that is easily (1903.64 sq. km), lying in an area of eroded and is a valley former (Snider 1917). Pennsylvanian rocks with the southern part The Stanley Shale is a bluish, greenish-black in the Ouachita Mountain region. Both the slaty shale with thin sandstone layers and northern and southern parts consist of considerable chert (Snider 1917). Some alternating sandstones and shales of Caney Shale, which is black and green in considerable thickness, folded into steep, color, is also present. northeast-southwest folds. The southern The Winding Stair Mountains are formations are the oldest and are steeper. separated from the Kiamichi Mountains by

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The northern part is drained by Fourche Ouachita Highlands, with several additional Maline eastward into the Poteau River; the localized series. They are acid red-yellow southern part drains into the Kiamichi River podzolic soils developed from gray and through several small tributaries; and the brown shales and sandstones. The surface southwestern part drains northwest into the soils are generally light colored and strongly Canadian River by way of Gaines Creek leached. The major soil series are the (Figure). Hector-Pottsville, Enders-Conway-Hector, LeFlore County is one of the larger Atkins-Pope, and the Parsons-Dennis-Bates. counties in the state, covering approximately South of the Choctaw Fault, much of 1614 sq. miles (4180.24 sq. km). The the mountains are rough with some of the northern part lies in the Arkansas Valley formations steeply tilted (as much as 60 geologic and physiographic province while degrees to the horizontal). On these the southern part lies in the Ouachita mountains, forest vegetation can easily Mountains. The formations are the same as penetrate the more weathered layers of the those of Latimer County, with the Ouachita slopes. The Sans Bois Mountains have soils Mountains being especially rough. Included of the same series as the Winding Stair and are the Winding Stair, Kiamichi, and Kiamichi mountains, but the strata are more Jackfork mountains. The middle and horizontal, which results in poorer forest northern part drains into the Arkansas River sites. by way of the Poteau River and its The soil association characteristic of the tributaries. The southern part drains into the Sans Bois, Winding Stair, and Kiamichi Kiamichi River, which lies north of mountain ranges is the Hector-Pottsville Kiamichi Mountain. The southern edge, series (see Fig.). In the Hector series, the south of Kiamichi Mountain, is drained by topsoil is a dark brown sandy loam, Little River toward the Red River. characteristically formed on hills and Pushmataha County covers mountains under forest type vegetation. In approximately 1430 sq. miles (3703.68 sq. the Pottsville series, topsoil is a brown, fine km.). It lies in the Ouachita Mountains sandy loam or loam a few inches deep, except for the southwest corner. The hills formed on hills and mountains under forest are rugged with much surface sandstone, vegetation. In both Hector and Pottsville, it separated by narrow valleys. The Jackfork is not uncommon for slopes to be steep. Mountains and the Potato Hills are the areas Ledges and surface rocks are also a of highest elevation in the county. The common occurrence. eastern part of the county drains toward the The soils of the Potato Hills include the Red River by means of Little River. Most of Clebit series in addition to the Hector and the county is drained toward the Red River Pottsville series. The Clebit topsoil varies by Kiamichi River and its tributaries. The from a dark gray-brown stony silt loam to a Kiamichi has its origin in Arkansas, flows pale brown silt loam, formed under forest westward, then southward, then southeast vegetation of rocky steep slopes. to the Red River. The Kiamichi River is The soil of the prairie west of paralleled by Little River to the east, which Wilburton, in Latimer County, is the has its origin in the southwest corner of Parson-Dennis-Bates Association (see LeFlore County. Figure). This association also forms part of the prairie north of the Kiamichi River, Soils south and east of Talihina. The Parson topsoil is a grayish brown medium acid silt According to Gray and Galloway (1959) loam. The topography is nearly level to there are four principal soil series within the gentle slopes and is covered by tall grass

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vegetation. The permeability of the soil is slow; it is seasonally wet and of low fertility. The Dennis series topsoil is dark grayish brown, medium acid silt loam of low fertility, and is subject to erosion. The Bates series topsoil is a dark grayish brown loam or fine sandy loam of medium acidity. Shallow spots with surface rock are common and the soil is easily eroded. The large prairie of eastern Latimer County and northern LeFlore County, north of the Ouachita Highlands, is of the Enders- Conway-Hector Association (see Figure). The Enders soil is a brown, fine, sandy loam found on gentle slopes and ridges and is of low fertility, erosive, and droughty. The Conway series is a brown silt loam. Parent material is gray and brown clay and sandy shales of gentle slopes and valleys. It is of low fertility, slow draining, and it commonly has silt mounds. The Hector series, which is a part of this association, has been Figure Generalized soil map of previously discussed. southeastern Oklahoma. Symbols are: The Poteau River valley has soils of the PDB – Parson, Dennis, Bates; ECH – Atkins-Pope Association (see Figure). The Enders, Conway, Hector; HP – Hector, Atkins series is a light gray acid silt loam or Pottsville; and AP – Adkins, Pope (Gray and gray loam mottled with brown and yellow. Galloway 1959). The parent materials are gray acid mottled clay loams, loams, and loamy alluviums. The The average temperature for the years 1962 terrain is flood plain, subject to overflow, through 1967 was approximately 62° F (17 o and is of low fertility with poor drainage. C; Table I). The Pope soil is a brown acid fine sandy Precipitation is high, ranging from just loam. Parent materials are brown stratified under 40 inches (101.6 cm) in the northern alluviums of flood plains and naturally part to nearly 50 (127 cm) inches in the elevated dikes. It is subject to overflow, is of southern mountainous part (Table II). low fertility, but is sandier and better During the relatively dry year of 1963, just drained than the Atkins. over 20 inches (50.8 cm) fell at Wilburton, whereas in 1967, over 62 inches (157.5 cm) CLIMATE fell at the Kiamichi Tower on Kiamichi Mountain in Southwest LeFlore County The climate of the Ouachita Highlands (Table II). is of the continental type. It is moderated by The distribution of rainfall is more seasonal influences of warm moist winds uniform over the entire year than is usual from the Gulf of Mexico. The annual for the rest of Oklahoma. Spring is temperature extremes range from a few characterized by heavy rainfall, resulting in degrees below zero to 103° F (-20o to 40o C). considerable local flooding. The summer months often become droughty with

Means, F.H. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009 moisture again being plentiful during the by light wind. In winter, occasional sleet, ice fall. Eastern Oklahoma and the adjoining storms, or snows occur but are few in states receive, on the average, more number and of short duration. The last precipitation in the spring than any other killing frost in spring falls in March to late state east of the Rocky Mountains April, with the first frost in fall occurring in (Wahlgren 1941). late October. High summer temperatures usually occur with clear skies and are accompanied

TABLE I AVERAGE TEMPERATURES

Station 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Clayton 2N 63.3M Kiamichi Tower Poteau 62.3 63.1 62.5 62.0 60.9 62.1 Smithville 2NNW 60.5 60.9 60.1M Wilburton 62.2 63.4 62.5 62.4M 59.7M Wister Dam 63.1 63.7 63.3 63.8M 60.4M 60.7

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data, Oklahoma, Annual Summaries, 1962-1967. Temperature averages followed by an M indicate one or more months of missing data.

TABLE II AVERAGE PRECIPITATION

Station 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Clayton 2N 48.5 29.4E 50.4 36.0E 37.0E 53.8E Kiamichi Tower 59.0E 28.0E 45.4 58.2E 44.1E 62.1 Poteau 41.8 20.9 38.6 31.6 33.1 49.6 Smithville 2NNW 51.3 29.7 43.5 56.9 39.2E 59.2 Wilburton 45.7 20.7 41.9 35.7 45.9 48.8E Wister Dam 38.7 22.0 40.3 32.6 36.9 50.5

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data, Oklahoma, Annual Summaries, 1962-1967. Precipitation averages followed by an E indicate one or more months of missing data.

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TAXONOMIC HISTORY which were the azur Larkspur [Delphinium carolinianum Walt.], gilded The first plant collecting in the Ouachita Coreopsides [Coreopsis], Rudbeckias Highlands of eastern Oklahoma was done [Rudbeckia], fragrant Phloxes, and the by Thomas Nuttall in 1819. During a stay of purple Psilotria. several weeks at Ft. Smith on the Arkansas River in western Arkansas, he made several After crossing the divide from the short collecting trips into surrounding Poteau River to the Kiamichi River, he territory. On May 16, 1819, Nuttall left Ft. again likened the ridges to the Allegheny of Smith with Major Bradford and a company Pennsylvania, noting that they were rocky of soldiers on a trip to the confluence of the and thinly wooded with pines and oaks Kiamichi River and the Red River. They (Thwaites 1905). followed the Poteau and Kiamichi rivers, On his return trip to Ft. Smith, Nuttall crossing the mountains that separate the notes passing with great difficulty along the two drainage systems. summit of a mountain covered with thickets The following are excerpts from of “dwarf oaks (Quercus chinquapin, Q. Nuttall’s Journal of his Travels into the Arkansas montana and Q. alba), none of them scarcely Territory (as reprinted in Early Western exceeding the height of a man” (Thwaites Travels, Volume XIII. Thwaites 1905). 1905). [April] 27. Yesterday I took a Many other botanists traveled and walk of about five miles up the banks collected plants in Oklahoma. Zina Pitcher, of the Pottoe [Poteau], and found my a surgeon in the U. S. Army, apparently labour well repayed by the discovery traveled the same general route as did of several new or undescribed Nuttall (McKelvey 1955). Melines C. plants… The whole expanse of forest, Leavenworth, Heinrich Karl Beyrich, hill and dale was now richly enameled Charles Joseph Latrobe, and Edward James with a profusion of beautiful and all collected in Oklahoma but passed by the curious flowers; among the most Ouachita Highlands while enroute to more conspicuous was the charming Daisy western or southern destinations. of America [Astranthium integrifolium (McKelvey 1955). (Michx.) Nutt.] of a delicate lilac G. D. Butler collected Isoetes at colour, and altogether corresponding Limestone Gap, approximately 70 miles in general aspect with the European north of Texas and 100 miles west of species; intermingled, appears a new Arkansas (Butler 1878). This is probably the species of Phlox, the Verbena subletia, present town of Gap in northern Atoka and the esculent Scilla [camassia]. County, situated in a break of the Ouachita Highlands. Nuttall made interesting notes about the Stevens collected plants from the terrain and flora. After passing the Poteau vicinity of Page, Oklahoma, in southeastern River, he noted the conic shape of Sugar Oklahoma, during 1913 prior to his and Loaf Mountain and Cavanah Mountain, Shannon’s joint publication of plant life in likening them to the Allegheny Mountains Oklahoma (Stevens and Shannon 1917). (Thwaites 1905). On May 17, he recorded Palmer (1924) made a study of the the following: ligneous flora of Rich Mountain in These vast plains, beautiful southeastern Oklahoma and Featherly almost as the fancied Elysium, were (1928) listed the grasses of Oklahoma. In now enamelled with innumerable addition, occasional collections from the flowers, among the most splendid of area of study by E. Little, R. Stratton, and

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G. Goodman are in the herbarium of Hypericum spathulatum, H. punctatum, Ilex Oklahoma State University. Collections of deciduas, and Rhus copallina. Shrubs more significance include those of U. T. Waterfall. characteristic of the more mesic lower slopes include Crataegus crus-galli, C. ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS spathulata, Cornus drummondii, C. obliquae, Prunus mexicana, P. americana, Rhus The vegetation of the Ouachita toxicodendron, R. glabra, R. radicans, and Highlands is the Oak-Hickory Association Virburnum prunifolium. of the Deciduous Forest Formation (Bruner Shrubs of the mesic lower slopes and 1931). This association is composed of two valleys include Cornus florida, Alnus serrulata, communities that are similar and intergrade Betula nigra, Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus considerably. One community is the upland caroliniana, Callicarpa americana, Hamamelis forests of the rough hills and mountainous vernalis, Prunus serotina, Amorpha fruticosa, areas and the other is the lowland forest of Hydrangea arborescens, and Asimina triloba. stream valleys and more mesic lower slopes. Magnolia acuminata is found only on the Overlapping into the forests, primarily in mesic northern slope of Rich Mountain in the valleys, is the tall grass prairie. There is Southeast LeFlore County. Ilex opaca is intergradation to a limited extent between restricted to wet sandy loam soils along the lowland forests and the prairie Kiamichi River and Little River. community. Common lianas found in the Oak- The oak-hickory forest is most extensive Hickory Association include the following: on the lower slopes and level fertile valleys. Clematis versicolor, Calycocarpum lyoni, Cocculus The dominant species are Quercus shumardii, carolinus, Vitis rotundifolia, V. vulpina, V. var. schnecki, Q. nigra, Q. falcata, var. falcata, acerifolia, V. aestivalis, Parthenocissus Q. velutina, Q. stellata, Carya aquatic, C. quinquefolia, Menisperma canadense, Ampelopsis cordiformis, C. myristicaeformis, and C. texana. cordata, Berchemia scandens, Cissus incisa, Smilax Other species commonly present in the glauca, S. bona-nox, S. rotundifolia, Rhododendron valleys and lower slopes include Acer oblongifolium, and Campsis radicans. saccharum, A. saccharinum, A. negundo, The herbaceous flora varies with the Diospyros virginiana, Sassafras albida, seasons and the density of the forest. The Liquidambar styraciflua, Juglans nigra, Prunus prevernal and vernal species include the serotina, Robinia pseudoacacia, Nyssa sylvatica, following: Sanguinaria canadensis, Podophyllum Ostrya virginiana, Tilia neglecta, Quercus peltatum, Polygonatum canaliculatum, Arisaema macrocarpa, Q. muhlenbergii, Q. lyrata, Q. alba, dracontium, Erythronium americanum, Danthonia Ulmus alata, Carya illinoensis, Celtis laevigata, spicata, Panicum sphaerocarpon, Carex brevior, C. Pinus echinata, Salix caroliniana, S. nigra, caroliniana, C. lurida, Trillium viride, Viola Platanus occidentalis, Gleditsia tricanthos, pedata, var. lineariloba, V. sororia, V. Fraxinus americana, Maclura pomifera, and Salix kitaibeliana, Valerianella longiflora, V. interior. stenocarpa, Ranuculus hispidus, R. fascicularis, Characteristic dominant species of the Antennaria plantaginifolia, Senecio obovatus, more xeric upland sites include Quercus Oenothera laciniata, Anemonella thalictroides, velutina, Q. stellata, Q. palustris, Q. marilandica, Lepidium virginianum, and Callirhoe alcaeoides. Carya cordiformis, C. texana, Ulmus alata, and Common estival species include the Pinus echinata. Other species, including following: Silene stellata, Salvia lyrata, Monarda shrubs, present in the upland forest include fistulosa, Teucrium canadense, Geum canadense, the following: Aesculus glabra, Ascyrum Tovara virginiana, Boehmeria cylindrica, Utrica hypericoides, Vaccinium arboretum, V. stamineum, chamaedryoides, Commelina communis, Polygonum Bumelia lanuginosae, Ceanothus herbaceous, hydropiperoides, var. opelousanum, Rumex crispus,

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R. pulcher, Froelichia gracilis, Tephrosia virginiana, P. tenuiflora, Silene stellata, Astragulus distortus, Zizia aurea, Cassia fasciculata, Clitoria mariana, Rosa carolina, Stylosanthes biflora, Polygala Desmondium sessilifolium, Elymus canadensis, incarnate, Acalypha virginica, and Verbena Panicum hians, Eleocharis obtusa, Lobelia spicata, canadensis. and Passiflora incarnata. Estival species of the prairie include The serotinal species include the Rudbeckia grandiflora, R. triloba, Cicuta following: Lobelia cardinalis, Aster azureus, maculata, Asclepias tuberosa, Oenothera laciniata, Boltonia diffusa, Elephantopus carolinianus, Zizia aurea, Eryngium yuccifolium, Gaura Eupatorium coelastinum, E. serotinum, Iresine filiformis, Liatris pycnostachya, Spiranthes vernalis, rhizomotosa, Impatiens capensis, Agastache and Cuscuta cuspidata. nepetoides, Helianthus hirsutus, Uniola latifolia, Some serotinal species of the prairie Tridens flavus, Croton monanthogynus, Euphorbia include Solidago radula, S. rigida, Helianthus corollata, E. supine, Pycnanthemum albescens, mollis, Vernonia baldwinii, Silphium laciniatum, Prunella vulgaris, Plantago rugelii, Coreopsis and Euphorbia nutans. grandiflora, and Solidago delicatula. Vegetation associated with the streams, Subclimax prairie is found between the ponds and lakes of the area varies from free Winding Stair Mountains and the Sans Bois floating aquatics to those growing along the Mountains, and between the Kiamichi edge of water. Common free floating or Mountains and the Winding Stair bottom rooted species include Nuphar Mountains. advena, var. advena, Lemna valdiviana, Dominant prairie species are as follows: Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Utricularia biflora, Andropogon gerardi, A. scoparius, Sorghastrum Potamogeton diversifolius, and Najas nutans, and Panicum virgatum. Other common guadalupensis. Species rooted at the edge of species include Andropogon saccharoides, A. the water include Typha latifolia, Sagittaria ternarius, Setaria geniculata, Echinochloa crusgalli, gramineum, S. ambigua, Zizaniopsis miliacea, Panicum anceps, P. agrostoides, var. condensatum, Hydrolea ovata, Justicia americana, Polygonum Paspalum setaceum, Agrostis hyemalis, Aristida pensylvanicum, P. persicaria, Ludwigia palustris, oligantha, Spehnopholis obtusata, Tridens strictus, Eleocharis obtusa, E. quadrangulata, Carex amphibola, var. turgid, C. lupuliformis, Rhynchospora corniculata, and various species Scirpus lineatus, Aristida longespica, Elymus of Carex. virginicus, Manisuris cylindrical, Eragrostis trichodes, Bromus secalinus, Festuca octaflora, and RANGE EXTENSIONS AND Hordeum pussillum. SPECIES OF SPECIAL INTEREST Prevernal and vernal species of the prairies include the following: Sisyrinchium This chapter covers range extensions campestre, Hypoxis hirsuta, Tradescantia ohiensis, and species having a rather restricted T. ernestiana, Baptisia leucophaea, B. nuttalina, B. distribution in the area studied. sphaerocarpa, Collinsia violacea, Ranunculus fascicularis, Bromus japonicus, B. mollis, Range Extensions

Penstemon arkansanus, P. digitalis, Claytonia Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. var. mutica virginica, Anemone caroliniana, Linaria (Gray) Gattinger, reported by Waterfall canadensis, Camassia angusta, and Luzula (1954a) for McCurtain County, was bulbosa. collected in early October (Means 2837) Species that are a little later but still near Lake Nahih Wayia in Pushmataha vernal include Daucus pusillus, Ptilimnium County and (Means 2210) in the Poteau nuttallii, Potentilla canadensis, Amsonia River valley 5 mi. (8.05 km) south of Poteau tabernaemontana, Phacelia hirsuta, Astranthium in LeFlore County. integrifolium, Phlox pilosa, Psoralea psoralioides,

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Carex lactebracteata Waterfall, a new Brasenia schreberi Gmel., abundant in species described by Waterfall (1954a) with upper end of Lake Nanih Wayia, June 16, the TYPE (Waterfall 11380) from a rocky 1968 (Means 3608) in Pushmataha County wooded ridge 16.4 mi.(26.39 km) north of and less commonly in a farm pond 2 mi. Broken Bow, in McCurtain County; it was (3.22 km) east of Buffalo Valley School, July collected May 1968 by the author (3252) on 13, 1968 (Means 3790) in southeastern rocky wooded hillsides of Cucumber Creek Latimer County. in LeFlore County, approximately 22 mi. Magnolia acuminata L., reported by (35.41 km) north of the original collection Palmer (1924) as occurring on the lower site. north slopes of Rich Mountain in LeFlore County, collected in June 1932 (Stevens Species of Special Interest 2771); June 1968 (Means 3553); and May 1968 (Means 3279) only at that site, Pinus teada L., although occurring in approximately 0.5 mi. (0.8 km) west of the large stands in Southeast McCurtain County, Arkansas border in early June. was collected (Means 2499) as an occasional Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, indicated as tree of mixed hardwood forest of Kiamichi common near Page, Oklahoma by Palmer River valley approximately 2 mi. (3.22 km) (1924), collected in fruit (Means 790) in the southeast of Tuskahoma in Pushmataha wooded valley of Cucumber Creek in County in October. LeFlore County, August 17, 1963. Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, collected Drosera annua Reed, collected (Barclay in August, 1965 (Means 2066) and early and Doty sin. Num.) May 1961, on sides of April, 1966 (Means 2403) in shallow water low mounds in prairie along Highway 2 along the banks of Poteau River, near an old approximately 4 mi. (6.44 km) north of home site in LeFlore County. Reproduction Clayton) in Pushmataha County. has occurred. Sedum nuttallianum Raf., collected May Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., 23, 1966 (Means 2453) from a rather dense common further west in the grasslands, stand on a wet weather seep at the edge of a collected (Means 1521) on clay site along blue shale outcrop along the highway, creek 1.5 mi. (2.41 km) east of the Latimer- approximately 1.2 mi. (1.93 km) west and LeFlore county line along Highway 270 in 0.7 mi. (1.13 km) north of Tuskahoma in LeFlore County in early June, 1965. Pushmataha County. Cynosurus echinatus L., naturalized from Ribes cynosbati L., reported by Palmer Europe; collected (Means 2597) in open (1924) from Rich Mountain, collected woods on a rocky hillside near a stream 1 (Means 2507) from mixed hardwood forest mi. (1.61 km) south of Clayton in of Kiamichi River valley 0.5 mi. (0.8 km) Pushmataha County in early June, 1968. south and 1.5 mi. (2.41 km) east of Xyris torta J. E. Smith, var. occidentalis Tuskahoma in Pushmataha County, May 22, Malme, collected (Waterfall 10547) in a slew 1966 and (Means 2893) from the rocky 1.1 mi. (1.77km) west of Talihina in Latimer north slope of Kiamichi Mountain 1 mi. County, October 14, 1951. (1.61 km) south of Big Cedar in LeFlore Populus deltoides Marsh., although fairly County, April 15, 1967. common in central and western Oklahoma, Andrachne phyllanthoides (Nutt.) Coulter, collected (Means 2361) at the base of occasional shrubby plant of rock-strewn wooded north slope of a ridge north of small streams, collected (Means 3656) along Eastern Oklahoma State College at edge of small rocky stream 1 mi.(1.61 km) Wilburton in Latimer County, April 5, 1966. northwest of Albion in Pushmataha County, June 30, 1968. Also collected (Waterfall

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 13 Volume 9, December 2009

8542) along rocky stream west of Talihina mi. (1.61 km) south of Clayton in October 11, 1964 and (Waterfall 17171) Pushmataha County, June 16, 1968. along a rocky stream 9 mi. (14.48 km) north Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) BSP., of Tuskahoma, August 9, 1948, both in collected (Means 3401) in shallow water of Latimer County. Fourche Maline Creek 4 mi. (6.44 km) south Ilex opaca Ait., collected (Means 1408) of Red Oak in Latimer County, May 28, May 26, 1965 and (Means 2436) April 22, 1968. 1966 in deep sandy soil of Kiamichi River Liatris elegans (Walt.) Willd., collected valley 0.7 mi. (1.13 km) south of Big Cedar; (Means 3944) August 26, 1968 and (Clark 350) May 3, 1935 and (Stevens 1406) (Waterfall 147) July 31, 1932 in native April 1914 in wooded valley near Page; prairie west of Albion in Pushmataha (Means 3220) in Little River valley 6 mi. County; (Stratton 604) September 1927 and (9.65 km) southeast of Nahoba May 27, (Waterfall 15173) October 11, 1958 in 1968; (Sellers sin.num.) July 16, 1966 9 mi. prairies east of Wilburton in Latimer (14.48 km) northwest of Clayton in County. Pushmataha County. Rudbeckia maxima Nutt., collected Proserpinaca palustris L., var. crebra Fern. & (Means 1507) from a wet prairie site 1 mi. Grisc., collected (Means 3585) in a stream 1 (1.61 km) west of Red Oak in Latimer County, June 16, 1965.

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TABULAR VIEW OF THE FAMILIES GENERA (G) and SPECIES AND SUBSPECIFIC TAXA (SS) ______Family G SS Family G SS ______OSMUNDACEAE 1 1 PHYTOLACCACEAE 1 1 POLYPODIACEAE 11 13 AIZOACEAE 1 1 PINACEAE 3 4 PORTULACACEAE 3 4 TYPHACEAE 1 3 CARYOPHYLLACEAE 6 12 SPARGANIACEAE 1 1 NYMPHACEAE 4 7 ZOSTERACEAE 1 2 RANUNCULACEAE 7 16 NAJADACEAE 1 1 BERBERIDACEAE 1 1 ALISMATACEAE 3 6 MENISPERMACEAE 2 2 GRAMINEAE 52 149 MAGNOLIACEAE 1 1 CYPERACEAE 6 59 ANONACEAE 1 1 ARACEAE 1 2 LAURACEAE 2 3 LEMNACEAE 2 2 PAPAVERACEAE 1 1 XYRIDACEAE 1 2 FUMARIACEAE 1 2 COMMELINACEAE 2 13 CRUCIFERAE 11 14 JUNCACEAE 2 15 CAPPARIDACEAE 2 2 LILACEAE 14 25 DROSERACEAE 1 1 AMARYLLIDACEAE 3 4 CRASSULACEAE 1 1 DIOSCOREACEAE 1 2 SAXIFRAGACEAE 6 6 IRIDACEAE 2 3 HAMAMELIDACEAE 2 2 MARANTACEAE 1 1 PLATANACEAE 1 1 ORCHIDACEAE 2 4 ROSACEAE 10 32 SAURURACEAE 1 1 LEGUMINOSAE 25 71 SALICACEAE 2 5 GERANIACEAE 1 1 JUGLANDACEAE 2 8 OXALIDACEAE 1 5 BETULACEAE 4 4 LINACEAE 1 2 FAGACEAE 3 19 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 1 1 ULMACEAE 2 4 RUTACEAE 1 1 MORACEAE 2 3 MELIACEAE 1 1 UTRICACEAE 4 4 POLYGALACEAE 1 5 LORANTHACEAE 1 1 EUPHORBIACEAE 9 26 ARISTOLACHIACEAE 1 1 CALLITRICHACEAE 1 1 POLYGONACEAE 5 20 ANACARDIACEAE 1 5 CHENOPODIACEAE 2 5 AQUIFOLIACEAE 1 2 AMARANTHACEAE 3 6 CELASTRACEAE 1 2 NYCTAGINACEAE 1 2 STAPHYLEACEAE 1 1

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 15 Volume 9, December 2009

ACERACEAE 1 4 SCROPHULARIACEAE 15 27 HIPPOCASTANACEAE 1 1 BIGNONIACEAE 2 2 SAPINDACEAE 1 1 LENTIBULARIACEAE 1 1 BALSAMINACEAE 1 1 ACANTHACEAE 3 6 RHAMNACEAE 3 4 PHRYMACEAE 1 1 VITACEAE 4 11 PLANTAGINACEAE 1 5 TILIACEAE 1 3 RUBIACEAE 5 11 MALVACEAE 5 8 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 4 7 GUTTIFERAE 2 9 VALERIANACEAE 1 4 CISTACEAE 1 2 CUCURBITACEAE 2 2 VIOLACEAE 1 15 CAMPANULACEAE 2 8 PASSIFLORACEAE 1 3 COMPOSITAE 56 137 CACTACEAE 1 2 ______LYTHRACEAE 3 3 TOTALS 457 1067 MELASTOMACEAE 1 1

ONAGRACEAE 4 15 HALORAGACEAE 2 4 Out of a total of 119 families, the ten families UMBELLIFERAE 17 21 with the largest number of species and subspecies are as follows: CORNACEAE 1 3 NYSSACEAE 1 1 GRAMINEAE 52 149 ERICACEAE 3 6 COMPOSITAE 56 137 PRIMULACEAE 3 3 LEGUMINOSAE 25 71 SAPOTACEAE 1 1 CYPERACEAE 6 59 EBENACEAE 1 2 ROSACEAE 10 32 STYRACACEAE 1 1 LABIATAE 18 28 OLEACEAE 2 3 SCROPHULARIACEAE 15 27 LOGANIACEAE 3 3 EUPHORBIACEAE 9 26 GENTIANACEAE 2 4 UMBELLIFERAE 17 21 APOCYNACEAE 3 4 POLYGONACEAE 5 20 ASCLEPIADACEAE 2 12 ______CONVOLVULACEAE 3 12 TOTALS 213 570 POLEMONIACEAE 2 3 HYDROPHYLLACEAE 3 5 BORAGINACEAE 5 5 VERBENACEAE 2 7 LABIATAE 18 28 SOLANACEAE 3 15

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SUMMARY LITERATURE CITED

After moving to Eastern Oklahoma Aellen, Paul and Theodor Just. 1934. Key and State College as Instructor in Botany and synopsis of the American species of the becoming aware of the variety in the local genus Chenopodium L. Am. Midl. Nat. 30:47- flora, the author began an extensive study of 76. the northern Ouachita Highlands. The Bailey, L.H. 1932. The blackberries of North author has authenticated approximately America. Gentes Herb. 2(6):397-423. 4,500 sheets which have been processed Bailey, L H. 1945. The genus Rubus in North according to standard herbarium America. Gentes Herb. 5(9):591-856. procedures. The first set has been placed in Barneby, Rupert C. 1964. Atlas of North American the Herbarium of Oklahoma State Astragalus. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 13. I:1- University with duplicates going to Eastern 596, II:597-1188. Oklahoma State College at Wilburton, Beetle, Alan Ackerman. 1947. Scirpus. N. Am. Fl. Oklahoma. 18(8):481-504. Monographs, revisions, and other Benson, Lyman. 1948. A treatise of the North taxonomic literature from the Oklahoma American Ranunculi. Am. Midl. Nat. 40:1- State University Library and the personal 261. libraries of Dr. U.T. Waterfall and the Boivin, Bernard. 1944. American Thalictra and author were used in the identification of the their Old World allies. Rhod. 46:335-349, specimens. 469-471, 480-483. A total of 1067 species and subspecific Britton, N.L. and J.N. Rose. 1919-1923. The taxa representing 457 genera and 119 Cactacae. Carnegie Inst. Washington.Vol.1-4. familes were identified. The families having Bruner, W.E. 1931. The vegetation of the greatest number of species and Oklahoma. Ecological Monographs I, (2):101- subordinate taxa were Gramineae 149, 188. Compositae 137, Leguminosae 71, Cyperaceae 59, Butler, G.D. 1878. A list of some of the most Rosaceae 32, Labiatae 28, Scrophularaceae 27, interesting species of plants collected in the Euphorbiaceae 26, Umbelliferae 21, and Indian Territory. Bot. Gaz., 3:65-68, 74-78. Polygonaceae 20. These 10 families contain Butters, F.K. and E C. Abbe. 1940. The 53% of the total species and subordinate American varieties of Rorippa islandica. Rhod. taxa. 42:25-32. In 1969, no taxa were reported as new Clewell, A.F. 1966. Native North American records for the state, although 17 species species of Lespedeza (Leguminosae). Rhod. were listed as range extensions or of special 68:359-405. interest due to their limited distribution. Core, Earl L. 1941. The North American species of Paronychia. Am. Midl. Nat. 26:269- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 398. Correll, Donovan S. 1956. Ferns and fern allies The author wishes to express his of Texas. Contr. Texas Research Foundation appreciation to each member of his 2:1-188. committee for their interest shown and Cronquist, Arthur. 1947. Revision of the North guidance given. He is especially grateful to American species of Erigeron, north of the chairman, Dr. U.T. Waterfall for his Mexico. Britt. 6(2):121-302. patience, continued interest and the use of Dott, Robert H. 1928. Pensylvanian his personal library and card index of paleogeography with special reference to research literature. South-Central Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Surv. Bul. No. 40:51-68.

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 17 Volume 9, December 2009

Erickson, Ralph O. 1943. Taxonomy of Clematis Hitchock, A.S. and Agnes Chase. 1950. Manual section Viorna. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 30:1-30. of the grasses of the United States. 2nd ed. U. S. Ernst, W.R. 1963. The genera of Capparidaceae Govt. Print. Off. and Moringaceae of the South East United Hitchock, C. Leo. 1936. The genus Lepidium in States. Journ. Arn. Arb. 44(1):81-95. the United States. Madrona 3:265-320. Featherly, H.I. 1946. Manual of the grasses of Hopkins, Milton. 1938. Arabis in eastern and Oklahoma. Bul. Okla. A. & M. College central North America. Rhod. 39:63-76, 155- 43(21):1-137. 167, 175-179. Fellows, L.D. 1964. Geology of the western part _____. 1942. Cercis in North America. Rhod. of the Winding Stair Range, Latimer and 44:193-211. LeFlore counties, Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Hotchkiss, N. and H.L. Dozier. 1949. Surv. Circ. 65:1-102. Taxonomy and distribution of the North Ferguson, A.M. 1901. Crotons of the United American cattails. Am. Midl. Nat. 41:237- States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12:33-74. 254. Fernald, M.L. 1922. Notes on Sparganium. Rhod. House, Homer D. 1908. The North American 24:26-33. species of the genus Ipomoea. Ann. N. Y. _____. 1931. Potentilla canadensis and Potentilla Acad. Sci. 18:181-263. simplex. Rhod. 33:180-191. Isley, Duane. 1955. The Leguminosae of the _____. 1932. The linear-leaved North American North-Central United States II. Hedysareae. species of Potamogeton section Axillares. Mem. Iowa State Coll. Jour. Sci. 30(1):33-118. Am. Acad. Arts & Sciences 17:1-183. Kearney, T.H. 1955. A tentative key to the _____. 1933. Types of some American species North American species of Abutilon miller. of Elymus. Rhod. 35:187-198. Leafl. West. Bot. 7(10):241-254. _____. 1934. Draba in temperate northeastern Larisey, Mary Maxine. 1940. A monograph on America. Rhod. 36:241-261, 285-305, 314- the genus Baptisia. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 344, 353-371, 392-404. 27:119-244. _____. 1938a. VIII New species, varieties and Mackenzie, K.K. 1931. Cyperaceae. N. Am. Fl. transfers. Rhod. 40:334-338. 18(1-7):1-478. _____. 1938b. Noteworthy plants of Mathias, M.E. and L. Constance. 1945. southeastern Virginia. Rhod. 40:439-440. Umbelliferae. N. Am. Flora 28b:43-295. _____. 1950. Gray’s manual of botany. 8th ed. New Miser, Hugh D. 1954. Geologic map of the York: American Book Company. State of Oklahoma. Dept. Inter. U. S. Geol. Gaiser, L.O. 1946. The genus Liatris. Rhod. Surv. 48:163-412. Munz, Phillip A. 1965. Onagraceae. N. Am. Goodman, George J. 1950. A new variety of Flora II 5:1-278. Saxifraga. Rhod. 52:183. McClintock, Elizabeth and Carl Epling. 1942. A Gray, Fenton and H.M. Galloway. 1959. Soils of revision of the genus Monarda (Labiatae). Oklahoma. Okla. State Univ. Exp. Sta. Misc. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 29(2):147-192. Pub. MP-56. McCoy, Doyle. 1954. The genus Lythrum in Harlow, W.M. 1931. The identification of the Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 33:156-158. pines of the United States, native and McGregor, R.L. 1950. Two varieties of introduced, by needle structure. New York Cystopteris fragilis. Am. Fern Jour. 40:201-207. State Coll. of Forestry Bul. 4(2a):11-21. McKelvey, Susan Delano. 1955. Botanical Hermann, Frederick J. 1946. The perennial exploration of the trans-Mississippi West species of Utrica in the United States east of 1790-1850. Arn. Arb., Harvard Univ. 1144. the Rocky Mountains. Am. Midl. Nat. pp. 35:773-778. McVaugh, Roger. 1943. Campanulaceae (Lobelioideae). N. Am. Flora 32A:36-82.

Means, F.H. 18 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Ogden, E.C. 1945. The broad-leaved species of Stanford, E.E. 1926. Polygonum hydropiperoides Potamogeton of North America north of and Polygonum opelousanum. Rhod. 28:23-27. Mexico. Rhod. 45:57-105, 119-163, 171-214. Stevens, G.W. and C.W. Shannon. 1917. Plant Ownbey, Gerald B. 1947. A monograph of the life in Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Surv. Bul. North American species of Corydalis. An. 27:215-246. Mo. Bot. Gard. 34(3):187-252. Steyermark, Julian A. 1941. A study of Arenaria Ownbey, Marion and Hannan C. Case. 1955. patula. Rhod. 43:325-333. Cytotaxonomic studies in Allium. 1. The Svenson, Henry Knut. 1957. Eleocharis. N. Am. Allium canadense Alliance. Research Studies of Flora 18(9):509-540. State Coll. of Wash. Monographic Sup. 1:1-106. Thwaites, Reuben G. 1905. Nuttall’s travels into Palmer, E.J. 1924. The ligneous flora of Rich the Arkansa Territory, 1819. Early western Mountain, Arkansas and Oklahoma. Journ. travels 1748-1846. Vol 13:199-227. Arn. Arb. 5:108-134. Turner, B.L. 1950. Vegetative key to Texas _____. 1931. Conspectus of the genus Amorpha. Desmanthus (Leguminosae) and similar Journ. Arn. Arb. 12:159-196. genera. Field and Lab. 18(2):51-65. _____. 1932. Leaves from a collector’s note _____. 1951. Revision of the United States book. Journ. Arn. Arb. 13:436. species of Neptunia. Am. Midl. Nat. 46:82-92. Payson, Edwin B. 1918. The North American _____. 1955. The Cassia fasciculata complex species of Aquilegia. Cont. U. S. Nat. (Leguminosae) in Texas. Field and Lab. 23(3- Herbarium 20(4):133-159. 4):87-91. Pennell, Francis W. 1935. Scrophylariaceae of Tryon, R.M., Jr. 1941. A revision of the genus eastern temperate North America. Acad. Pteridium. Rhod. 43:1-31, 37-67. Nat. Sci. Phil. Monog. 1. Tryon, Alice F. 1957. A revision of the fern Perry, Lilly M. 1937. Variants in two species of genus Pellaea section Pellaea. Ann. Mo. Bot. Dephinium (D. carolinianum and D. virescens). Gard. 44:125-148. Rhod. 39: 20-22. Wahlgren, Harry F. 1941. Climate of Oklahoma. Perude, Robert E., Jr. 1957. Synopsis of Climate and man. U.S.D.A. Yearbook of Agri. Rudbeckia subgenus Rudbeckia. Rhod. 59:293- 1941:1065-1074. 299. Waterfall, U.T. 1950. Some additions to the Russell, Norman H. 1965. Violets of central and Oklahoma flora. Rhod. 52:35. eastern United States: An introductory _____. 1951. The genus Callirhoe (Malvaceae) in survey. Sida 2(1):1-113. Texas. Field and Lab. 19(3):107-119. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1913. Agrimonia. N. Am. _____. 1954a. A new species of Carex (section Flora 22(5):391-396. Phyllostachyae from Oklahoma. Rhod. Sargent, C.S. 1922. Manual of the trees of North 56(661):21-23. America. 2 vols. Dover Pub. Inc. N. Y. _____. 1954b. Studies in the composition and Shinners, Lloyd H. 1946. Revision of the genus distribution of the Oklahoma flora-XXI. Kuhnia. Wrightia 1(2):122-144. Rhod. 56 (667):157-162. _____. 1947. Revision of the genus Krigia. _____. 1966. Keys to the flora of Oklahoma. Wrightia 1(3):187-206. Stillwater Okla. Privately published. _____. 1951. Agave lata, a new species from _____. 1967. Physalis in Mexico, Central North Texas and Oklahoma. Field and Lab. America and the West Indies. Rhod. 69:82- 19:171-173. 329. Snider, L.C. 1917. Geography of Oklahoma. Weatherby, C.A. 1927. The group of Acalypha Okla. Geol. Surv. Bul. 27:23-325. virginica in eastern North America. Rhod. Standley, Paul C. 1917. Amaranthaceae. N. Am. 29:193-204. Flora 21(2):96-167.

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Webber, John M. 1953. Yuccas of the Wilbur, R.L. and H.S. Daoud. 1961. The genus Southwest. U.S.D.A. Agri. Monograph 17:1- Lechea (Cistaceae) in the southeastern United 73. States. Rhod. 63:103-118. Wheeler, L.C. 1941. Euphorbia subgenus Woodson, Robert E., Jr. 1942. Commentary on Chamaesyce in Canada and the United States the North American genera of exclusive of southern Florida. Rhod. 43:97- Commelinaceae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29:141- 154, 168-205, 223-286. 154. Wherry, E.T. 1955. The genus Phlox. Philadelphia: _____. 1954. The North American species of Morris Arboretum. Asclepias L. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 41(1):1-211. Yunkers, Truman G. 1943. Genus Cuscuta, Convolvulaceae. Fl. of Texas 3(2):123-150.

Means, F.H. 20 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

APPENDIX

Updated Flora of Southeastern Oklahoma from the Sans Bois to the Kiamichi Mountains.

Editor’s note: Originally this listing followed the Engler-Prantl system for families, as used in the Keys to Flora of Oklahoma (Waterfall 1966). Nomenclature has been revised according to the National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA (http://plants.usda.gov) and organized based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, Missouri Botanical Gardens http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/) Accessed December 2009. [EM]

FERNS GYMNOSPERMS

ASPLENIACEAE CUPRESSACEAE Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. Juniperus virginiana L. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. Poggenb. PINACEAE DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pinus echinata Mill. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. Pinus taeda L. pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller BASAL ANGIOSPERMS DRYOPTERIDACEAE Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. ssp. ANNONACEAE asplenioides (Michx.) Hultén Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver [syn = Cystopteris fragilis var. simulans] ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray Aristolochia tomentosa Sims Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott LAURACEAE Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var. benzoin OSMUNDACEAE Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. [syn = Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Sassafras albidum var. molle] Gray MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. POLYPODIACEAE Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & NYMPHACEAE Windham ssp. michauxiana (Weath.) Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. Andrews & Windham Nelumbo lutea Willd. Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. advena (Aiton) PTERIDACEAE Kartesz & Gandhi [syn = Nuphar advena, Adianthum pedatum L. Nuphar advena var. tomentosa, Nuphar Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eaton [syn = ovata, Nuphar ozarkana] Cheilanthes vestita] Nymphaea odorata Aiton Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link SAURURACEAE Saururus cernuus L.

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MONOCOTS Carex frankii Kunth Carex gravida L.H. Bailey var. lunelliana AGAVACEAE (Mack) F.J. Herm. Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose [syn = Carex hyalina Boott Agave lata, Agave virginica] Carex joori L.H. Bailey Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. ALISMATACEAE Carex latebracteata Waterf. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Carex lurida Wahlenb. Sagittaria ambigua J. G. Sm. Carex meadii Dewey Sagittaria graminea Michx. Carex microrhyncha Mack. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Carex muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J. G. Sm. enervis Boott Carex oklahomensis Mack. [syn = Carex ARACEAE stipata var. oklahomensis] Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott. Carex oxylepis Torr. & Hook. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott. ssp. triphyllum Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. [syn = Arisaema atrorubens] Carex squarrosa L. Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata COMMELINACEAE Carex texensis (Torr.) L. H. Bailey Commelina communis L. Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.) Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Fernald Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood [syn = Commelina erecta L. var. deamiana Fernald Cyperus ovularis var. sphaericus] Commelina erecta L. var. erecta Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Commelina virginica L. Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. Tradescantia ernestiana E.S. Anderson & lupulinus Woodson Cyperus strigosus L. Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small Cyperus virens Michx. Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. acicularis Tradescantia tharpii E.S. Anderson & Woodson Eleocharis compressa Sull. var. acutisquamata (Buckley) S.G. Sm. [syn = Eleocharis CYPERACEAE acutisquamata] Carex amphibola Steud. Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. Carex bicknellii Britton Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Carex blanda Dewey Schult. Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Carex bushii Mack. [syn = Carex caroliniana Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl. var. cuspidata] Fimbristylis thermalis S. Watson [syn = Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. Fimbristylis spadicea] Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fernald Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link. Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze Isolepis carinata Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. [syn = Carex flaccosperma Dewey Scirpus koilolepis]

Means, F.H. 22 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. [syn = Cyperus LILIACEAE brevifolius] Aletris farinosa L. Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl. Allium canadense L. var. canadense Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray Allium canadense L. var. fraseri Ownbey Rhynchospora glomerata (L.) Vahl. Allium canadense L. var. hyacinthoides (Bush) Rhynchospora harveyi Wm. Boott Ownbey & Aase Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex A. Gray Allium canadense L. var. mobilense (Regel) Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral [syn = Ownbey Rhynchospora globularis var. recognita] Allium perdulce S.V. Fraser Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Allium vineale L. ssp. compactum (Thuill.) Coss Schinz & R. Keller [syn = Scirpus & Germ. americanus] Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A. Gray Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla Camassia angusta (Engelm. & A. Gray) Blank. [syn = Scirpus californicus] Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Cooperia drummondii Herbert [syn = Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth Zephyranthes brazosensis] Scirpus lineatus Michx. Erythronium albidum Nutt. Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. DIOSCOREACEAE Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Dioscorea quaternata J.F. Gmel. [syn = Maiathemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. Dioscorea villosa var. glabrifolia] racemosum [syn = Smilacina racemosa var. cylindrata] IRIDACEAE Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton Iris cristata Aiton Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot var. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. commutatum (Schult. & Schult. f.) Morong Sisyrinchium campestre E.P. Bicknell [syn = Polygonatum canaliculatum] Smilax bona-nox L. JUNCACEAE Smilax glauca Walter Juncus acuminatus Michx. Smilax herbacea L. Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. Smilax tamnoides L. Juncus bufonius L. Trillium viride Beck Juncus coriaceus Mack. Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Juncus diffusissimus Buckley Veratrum woodii J.W. Robbins ex Alph. Wood Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fernald & Yucca glauca Nutt. Wiegand Zigadenus nuttallii (A. Gray) S. Watson Juncus interior Wiegand Juncus marginatus Rostk. LEMNACEAE Juncus repens Michx. Lemna valdiviana Phil. Juncus scirpoides Lam. Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. Juncus tenuis Willd. Juncus validus Coville var. validus [syn = MARANTACEAE Juncus crassifolius] Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe Luzula bulbosa (Alph. Wood) Smyth & Smyth Luzula echinata (Small) F.J. Herm. NAJADACEAE Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 23 Volume 9, December 2009

ORCHIDACEAE Bromus secalinus L. Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Bromus tectorum L. Poggenb. var. tuberosus [syn = Calopogon Cenchrus spinifex Cav. [syn = Cenchrus pulchellus] incertus, Cenchrus pauciflorus] Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates [syn = Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. Uniola latifolia] Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates [syn = Uniola laxa] POACEAE Chasmanthium sesiliflorum (Poir.) Yates [syn = Agrostis stolonifera L. [syn = Agrostis alba] Uniola sessiliflora] Agrostis elliottiana Schult. Chloris verticillata Nutt. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) Britton, Sterns & Chloris virgata Sw. Poggenb. Cinna arundinaceae L. Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuck. Coelorachis cylindrica (Michx.) Nash [syn = Aira elegans Willd. ex Kunth. Manisuris cylindrica] Alopecurus carolinianus Walter Cynosurus echinatus L. Andropogon gerardii Vitman Dactylis glomerata L. Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Sterns & Poggenb. var. glomeratus [syn = Schult. Andropogon virginicus var. abbreviatus] Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg Andropogon gyrans Ashe var. gyrans [syn = A. [syn = Diarrhena americana var. obovata] elliottii] Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Andropogon ternarius Michx. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann Andropogon virginicus L. var. virginicus [syn = Panicum lanuginosum var. Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii Gray fasciculatum] Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Aristida longespica Poir. C.A. Clark var. lindheimeri (Nash) & C.A. Aristida oligantha Michx. Clark [syn = Panicum lanuginosum var. Aristida purpurascens Poir. lindheimeri] Arundinaria gigantea (Walter) Muhl. Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark Axonopus festifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. [syn = [syn = Panicum boscii] Axonopus affinis] Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var. Bothriochloa barbinodis Lag. [syn = dichotomum [syn = Panicum dichotomum] Andropogon barbinodis] Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould [syn = Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb. [syn = Panicum laxiflorum] Andropogon saccharoides] Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Gould Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould [syn = Buchloe dactyloides] [syn = Panicum malacophyllum] Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) P. Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould Beauv. var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould [syn = Bromus arvensis L. [syn = Bromus japonicus] Panicum oligosanthes var. helleri, Panicum Bromus catharticus Vahl oligosanthes var. scribnerianum] Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. hordeaceus [syn = Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould [syn = Bromus mollis] Panicum scoparium] Bromus inermis Leyss. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliot) Gould Bromus kalmii A. Gray [syn = Bromus purgans] var. isophyllum (Scribn.) Gould & C.A.

Means, F.H. 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Clark [syn = Panicum microcarpon, Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Panicum polyanthes] Sterns & Poggenb. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliot) Gould Hordeum pusillum Nutt. var. sphaerocarpon [syn = Panicum Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. sphaerocarpon] Leersia virginica Willd. Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. brachiata Freckmann var. praecocius (Hitch. & (Steud.) N. Snow [syn = Leptochloa Chase) Freckmann [syn = Panicum filiformis] praecocius] Lolium perenne L. Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiforum (Lam.) Freckmann [syn = Panicum wilcoxianum] Husnot [syn = Lolium multiflorum] Digitaria villosa (Walter) Pers. [syn = Digitaria Melica mutica Walter filiformis var. villosa] Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. Muhl. Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Kunth.) Trin. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Panicum anceps Michx. Digitaria violascens Link Panicum brachyanthum Steud. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Panicum capillare L. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum Elymus canadensis L. [syn = Panicum agrostoides] Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix [syn = Hystrix Panicum virgatum L. patula] Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Elymus interruptus Buckley Paspalum dissectum (L.) L. Elymus submuticus (Hook.) Smyth & Smyth Paspalum distichum L. [syn = Elymus virginicus var. submuticus] Paspalum floridanum Michx. Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus [syn = Paspalum laeve Michx. Elymus virginicus var. glabriflorus, Elymus Paspalum setaceum Michx. virginicus var. jejunus] Paspalum urvillei Steud. Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees Phalaris canariensis L. Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. ex Steud. Phalaris caroliniana Walter Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi [syn = Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Stipa avenacea] Poggenb. Poa annua L. Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc. Poa pratensis L. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. [syn = Poa sylvestris A. Gray Eragrostis glomerata] Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. var. Eragrostis minor Host [syn = Eragrostis contortum (Elliot) R. Webster [syn = poaeoides] Erianthus contortus] Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. [syn = Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Erianthus giganteus] Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. [syn Festuca paradoxa Desv. = Festuca elatior] Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexeev [syn = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. Festuca obtusa] scoparium [syn = Andropogon scoparius] Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 25 Volume 9, December 2009

Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen [syn = XYRIDACEAE Setaria geniculata] Xyris difformis Chapm. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. Xyris torta Sm. pumila [syn = Setaria glauca] Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. EUDICOTS Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. BERBERIDACEAE Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. Podophyllum peltatum L. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. [syn FUMARIACEAE = Sporobolus asper var. canovirens] Corydalis crystallina Engelm. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. macer Corydalis micrantha (Engelm. ex A. Gray) A. (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi [syn = Sporobolus Gray asper var. macer] Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray MENISPERMACEAE Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. indicus [syn Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) A. Gray = Sporobolus poiretii] Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. PAPAVERACEAE Wood var. vaginiflorus Sanguinaria canadensis L. Steinchisma hians (Elliot) Nash [syn = Panicum hians] PLATANACEAE Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. Platanus occidentalis L. Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. RANUNCULACEAE Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Anemone berlandieri Pritz. [syn = Anemone Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) R.D. decapetala] Webster [syn = Brachiaria platyphylla] Anemone caroliniana Walter Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. [syn = Festuca Aquilegia canadensis L. myuros] Clematis pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. octoflora Clematis versicolor Small ex Rydb. [syn = Festuca octoflora] Delphinium carolinianum Walter Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Döll & Asch. Delphinium tricorne Michx. Delphinium wootonii Rydb. [syn = Delphinium POTOMOGETONACEAE virescens] Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Ranunculus abortivus L. Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr. & A. Gray) Darby SPARGANIACEAE Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. Sparganium americanum Nutt. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. TYPHACEAE Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Spach. [syn = Typha angustifolia L. Anemonella thalictroides] Typha domingensis Pers. Typha latifolia L.

Means, F.H. 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

ROSIDS CELASTRACEAE Euonymus americanus L. ACERACEAE Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Acer negundo L. var. negundo Acer rubrum L. CISTACEAE Acer saccharum Marsh. Lechea mucronata Raf. Lechea tenuifolia Michx. ANACARDIACEAE Rhus aromatica Aiton var. aromatica CLUSIACEAE Rhus copallinum L. var. latifolia Engl. Hypericum densiflorum Pursh Rhus glabra L. Hypericum lobocarpum Gattinger ex J.M. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. Coult. [syn = Hypericum densiflorum var. radicans [syn = Rhus radicans] lobocarpum, Hypericum oklahomense] Toxicodendron pubescens Mill. [syn = Rhus Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & toxicodendron] A. Gray Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & BETULACEAE Poggenb. Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp. Betula nigra L. hypericoides [syn = Ascyrum hypericoides] Carpinus caroliniana Walter Hypericum mutilum L. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch var. virginiana Hypericum prolificum L. [syn = Hypericum spathulatum] BRASSICACEAE Hypericum pseudomaculatum Bush Arabis canadensis L. Hypericum punctatum Lam. Arabis missouriensis Greene Triadenum tubulosum (Walter) Gleason Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. [syn = CRASSULACEAE Dentaria laciniata] Penthorum sedoides L. Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britton) Sedum nuttallianum Raf. O. E. Schulz Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. CUCURBITACEAE Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Melothria pendula L. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Lepidium virginicum L. Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. fernaldiana EUPHORBIACEAE (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell [syn = Rorippa Acalypha gracilens A. Gray [syn = Acalypha islandica ssp. fernaldiana] gracilens var. fraseri] Selenia aurea Nutt. Acalypha monococca (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Lill. Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins W. Mill. & Gandhi [syn = Acalypha Streptanthus maculatus Nutt. gracilens ssp. monococca] Thlaspi arvense L. Acalypha virginica L. Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small [syn = CAPPARACEAE Euphorbia supina] Cleome spinosa Jacq. Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners [syn = Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. Euphorbia missurica] trachysperma (Torr. & A. Gray) Iltis Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small [syn = Euphorbia nutans]

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 27 Volume 9, December 2009

Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small [syn = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. Euphorbia prostrata] fasciculata [syn = Cassia fasciculata, Cnidoscolus texanus (Müll. Arg.) Small Cassia fasciculata var. rostrata] Croton capitatus Michx. var. capitatus Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench ssp. Croton capitatus Michx. var. lindheimeri nictitans var. nictitans (Engelm. and A. Gray) Müll. Arg. Cercis canadensis L. var. canadensis Croton glanulosus L. var. septentrionalis Müll. Clitoria mariana L. Arg. Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd. var. candida Croton lindheimerianus Scheel Dalea purpurea Vent. Croton michauxii G.L. Webster [syn = Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex Crotonopsis linearis] B.L. Rob. & Fernald Croton monanthogynus Michx. Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph. Euphorbia cyathophora Murray [syn = Wood Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia] Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. Euphorbia dentata Michx. var. dentata Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. Euphorbia pubentissima Michx. [syn = Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Euphorbia corollata var. paniculata] Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. [syn Euphorbia spathulata Lam. [syn = Euphorbia = Desmodium rigidum] obtusata] Desmodium perplexum B.G. Schub. [syn = Euphorbia tetrapora Engelm. Desmodium paniculatum var. dillenii] Leptopus phyllanthoides (Nutt.) G.L. Webster Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. [syn = Andrachne phyllanthoides] paniculatum Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walter Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & A. Stillingia sylvatica L. Gray Tragia betonicifolia Nutt. Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. Gleditsia triacanthos L. FABACEAE Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino [syn Amorpha fruticosa L. [syn = Amorpha virgata] = Lespedeza stipulacea] Amorpha laevigata Nutt. Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. [syn = Apios americana Medik. Lespedeza striata] Astragalus canadensis L. Lathyrus latifolius L. Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. crassicarpus Lathyrus pusillus Elliot Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. var. trichocalyx Lespedeza capitata Michx. (Nutt.) Barneby Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don Astragalus distortus Torr. & A. Gray var. Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. ssp. hirta distortus Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla Lespedeza repens (L.) W. Bartram (Larisey) Isely [syn = Baptisia leucantha] Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. [syn = Lespedeza Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. var. minor (Lehm.) stuevei var. angustifolia] Fernald Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot var. Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Gandhi [syn Mimosa microphylla Dryand. [syn = Schrankia = Baptisia leucophaea, Baptisia uncinata] leucophaea var. glabrescens] Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth. Baptisia nuttalliana Small Orbexilum pedunculatum (Mill.) Rydb. var. Baptisia spaerocarpa Nutt. pedunculatum [syn = Psoralea psoralioides Baptisia stricta Nutt. var. eglandulosa]

Means, F.H. 28 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Orbexilum simplex (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray) Quercus palustris Münchh. Rydb. [syn = Psoralea simplex] Quercus phellos L. Psoralidium tenuiflora (Pursh) Rydb. [syn = Quercus rubra L. var. ambigua (A. Gray) Psoralea tenuiflora] Fernald [syn = Quercus rubra var. borealis] Rynchosia latifolia Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Quercus shumardii Buckley var. shumardii Robinia pseudoacacia L. Quercus shumardii Buckley var. schneckii Securigera varia (L.) Lassen [syn = Coronilla (Britton) Sarg. varia] Quercus stellata Wangenh. Senna marilandica (L.) Link [syn = Cassia Quercus velutina Lam. marilandica] Senna occidentalis (L.) Link [syn = Cassia GERANIACEAE occidentalis] Geranium carolinianum L. Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliot Strophostyles leiosperma (Torr. & A. Gray) GROSSULARIACEAE Piper Itea virginica L. Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Ribes cynosbati L. Britton Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & HALORAGACEAE Poggenb. [syn = Stylosanthes biflora var. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. [syn = hispidissima] Myriophyllum brasiliense] Tephrosia onobrychoides Nutt. Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. [syn = Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) Britton, Sterns Tephrosia virginiana var. holosericea] & Poggenb. Trifolium arvense L. Proserpinaca palustris L. var. crebra Fernald & Trifolium carolinianum Michx. Grisc. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Trifolium incarnatum L. HAMAMELIDACEAE Trifolium pratense L. Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. Trifolium reflexum L. Liquidambar styraciflua L. Vicia caroliniana Walter Vicia minutiflora F.G Dietr. HIPPOCASTANACEAE Aesculus glabra Willd. FAGACEAE Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. var. ozarkensis JUGLANDACEAE (Ashe) Tucker [syn = Castanea ozarkensis] Carya alba (L.) Nutt. [syn = Carya tomentosa] Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. Quercus alba L. Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Quercus coccinea Münchh. Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch Quercus falcata Michx. [syn = Quercus falcata Carya myristiciformis (Michx. f.) Nutt. var. triloba] Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch Quercus lyrata Walter Carya texana Buckley Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Juglans nigra L. Quercus marilandica Münchh. Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. LINACEAE Quercus nigra L. Linum medium (Planch.) Britton var. texanum Quercus pagoda Raf. [syn = Quercus falcata (Planch.) Fernald var. pagodifolia]

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 9, December 2009

Linum sulcatum Riddell Oenothera linifolia Nutt. Oenothera speciosa Nutt. LYTHRACEAE Oenothera villosa Thunb. ssp. villosa [syn = Didiplis diandra (Nutt. ex DC.) Alph. Wood [syn Oenothera biennis var. canescens] = Peplis diandra] Lythrum alatum Pursh var. alatum OXALIDACEAE Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalis stricta L. MALVACEAE Oxalis violacea L. Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) A. Gray PASSIFLORACEAE Callirhoe pedata (Nutt. ex Hook.) A. Gray [syn Passiflora incarnata L. = Callirhoe digitata var. stipulata] Passiflora lutea L. Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav. Hibiscus laevis All. [syn = Hibiscus militaris] POLYGALACEAE Malva pusilla L. [syn = Malva rotundifolia] Polygala incarnata L. Sida rhombifolia L. Polygala polygama Walter Sida spinosa L. Polygala sanguinea L. Polygala verticillata L., var. isocycla Fernald MELASTOMATACEAE Rhexia mariana L. var. interior (Pennell) Kral & RHAMNACEAE Bostick [syn = Rhexia interior] Berchemia scandens (Hill.) K. Koch Ceanothus americanus L. MELIACEAE Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. var. pubescens (T. Melia azedarach L. & G.) Shinners Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray [syn = MORACEAE Rhamnus caroliniana] Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. Morus alba L. ROSACEAE Morus rubra L. Agrimonia parviflora Aiton Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. ONAGRACEAE Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. Gaura longiflora Spach [syn = Gaura filiformis] Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fernald Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. Crataegus crus-galli L. Ludwigia alternifolia L. Crataegus marshallii Eggl. Ludwigia decurrens Walter [syn = Jussiaea Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) Koch. [syn = decurrens] Crataegus mackenziei] Ludwigia glandulosa Walter ssp. glandulosa Crataegus punctata Jacq. [syn = Crataegus Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliot collina] Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven ssp. Crataegus spathulata Michx. peploides [syn = Jussiaea peploides] Crataegus uniflora Münchh. Oenothera elata Kunth. ssp. hirsutissima (A. Crataegus viridis L. Gray ex S. Watson) W. Dietr. [syn = Geum canadense Jacq. var. canadense Oenothera biennis var. hirsutissima] Geum canadense Jacq. var. texanum Fernald Oenothera fruticosa L. & Weath. Oenothera laciniata Hill Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baill. Potentilla simplex Michx.

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Prunus americana Marsh., var. americana Celtis occidentalis L. Prunus angustifolia Marsh. Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. Prunus mexicana S. Watson Ulmus alata Michx. Prunus munsoniana W. Wright & Hedrick Prunus serotina Ehrh. URTICACEAE Rosa carolina L. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Rosa foliolosa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell Rosa setigera Michx. var. setigera Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Rosa setigera Michx. var. tomentosa Torr. & A. Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray Gray Rubus aboriginum Rydb. VISCACEAE Rubus argutus Link. [syn = Rubus louisianus] Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Rubus bushii L.H. Bailey [syn = Rubus Johnst. [syn = Phoradendron serotinum] ozarkensis, Rubus scibilis] Rubus oklahomus L.H. Bailey VITACEAE Rubus trivialis Michx. Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne Sanguisorba annua (Nutt. ex Hook.) Nutt. ex Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Torr. & A. Gray Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch RUTACEAE Vitis acerifolia Raf. Ptelea trifoliata L. ssp. trifoliata Vitis aestivalis Michx. Vitis cinerea (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Millard SALICACEAE Vitis rotundifolia Michx. Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh. Vitis rupestris Scheele Salix caroliniana Michx. Vitis vulpina L. Salix humilis Marsh. var. humilis Salix interior Rowlee ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Salix nigra Marsh. Tribulus terrestris L.

SAPINDACEAE ASTERIDS Sapindus saponaria L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) L.D. Benson [syn = Sapindus ACANTHACEAE drummondii] Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. Justicia americana (L.) Vahl SAXIFRAGACEAE Ruellia humilis Nutt. Heuchera americana L. var. americana Ruellia pedunculata Torr. ex A. Gray Saxifraga texana Buckley Ruellia strepens L.

STAPHYLEACEAE AMARANTHACEAE Staphylea trifolia L. Amaranthus albus L. [syn = Amaranthus TILIACEAE graecizans] Tilia americana L. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Tilia americana L. var. americana [syn = Tilia Amaranthus spinosus L. neglecta] Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. ULMACEAE Celtis laevigata Willd.

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APIACEAE Asclepias viridis Walter Ammoselinum butleri (Engelm. ex S. Watson) Matelea baldwyniana (Sweet) Woodson J.M. Coult. & Rose Matelea gonocarpos (Walter) Shinners Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. var. tainturieri [syn = Chaerophyllum texanum] ASTERACEAE Cicuta maculata L. Achillea millefolium L. var. occidentalis DC. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. [syn = Achillea lanulosa] Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Rob. var. Daucus pusillus Michx. altissima [syn = Eupatorium rugosum] Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. var. elatior (L.) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. synchaetum Descourtils A. Gray ex J.M. Coult. & Rose Ambrosia bidentata Michx. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. [syn = Ambrosia Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Mathias & psilostachya var. lindheimeriana] Constance Ambrosia trifida L. var. texana Scheele Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Anthemis cotula L. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Arctium minus Bernh. Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britton Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. [syn = Cacalia Sanicula canadensis L. plantaginea] Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) A. Heller Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. Spermolepis inermis (Nutt. ex DC.) Mathias & Baccharis halimifolia L. Constance Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton [syn = Bidens Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. polylepis, Bidens aristosa var. mutica] Trepocarpus aethusae Nutt. ex DC. Bidens bipinnata L. Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Bidens discoidea (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton Bidens frondosa L. APOCYNACEAE Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hér. var. latisquama Amsonia illustris Woodson (A. Gray) Cronquist Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hér. var. recognita Apocynum cannabinum L. (Fernald & Grisc.) Cronquist Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A. Gray Boltonia diffusa Elliot Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. AQUIFOLIACEAE texana (Shinners) Shinners [syn = Kuhnia Ilex decidua Walter eupatorioides var. ozarkana] Ilex opaca Aiton Centaurea americana Nutt. Chaetopappa asteroides Nutt. ex DC. ASCLEPIADACEAE Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill sclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson Cirsium carolinianum (Walter) Fernald & B.G. Asclepias obovata Elliot Schub. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. [syn = Asclepias syriaca L. Eupatorium coelestinum] Asclepias tuberosa L. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. Asclepias verticillata L. canadensis Asclepias viridiflora Raf. [syn = Asclepias Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. glabrata viridiflora var. lanceolata] (A. Gray) Cronquist

Means, F.H. 32 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & grandiflora Rusby [syn = Heterotheca latifolia] Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet var. Hieracium gronovii L. harveyana (A. Gray) Sherff Hieracium longipilum Torr. Coreopsis palmata Nutt. Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L’Hér. var. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. var. tinctoria scabiosaeus Coreopsis tripteris L. Krigia caespitosa (Raf.) K.L. Chambers [syn = Crepis pulchra L. Krigia oppositifolia] Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. [syn = Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. Haplopappus divaricatus] Krigia occidentalis Nutt. Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. strigosa R.L. Lactuca canadensis L. [syn = Lactuca McGregor canadensis var. latifolia] Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Lactuca serriola L. [syn = Lactuca scariola] Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Liatris aspera Michx. var. aspera Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. [syn = Eclipta alba] Liatris aspera Michx. var. intermedia (Lunell) Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. Gaiser Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. Liatris elegans (Walter) Michx. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. Liatris mucronata DC. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex. Willd. Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Erigeron tenuis Torr. & A. Gray Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. glabrata Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (Rydb.) Gaiser Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. hirsuta Eurybia hemispherica (Alexander) G.L. Nesom (Rydb.) Gaiser [syn = Aster hemisphericus] Liatris squarrulosa Michx. [syn = Liatris scabra] Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene [syn = Marshallia caespitosa Nutt. ex DC. Solidago gymnospermoides] Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch. Bip. [syn = Facelis Oligoneuron nitidum (Torr. & A. Gray) Small apiculata] [syn = Solidago nitida] Fleischmannia incarnata (Walter) King & H. Pakera obovata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber Rob. [syn = Eupatorium incarnatum] & A. Löve [syn = Senecio obovatus var. Gaillardia aestivalis (Walter) H. Rock var. rotundus] aestivalis [syn = Gaillardia lanceolata var. Pakera tomentosa (Michx.) C. Jeffrey [syn = fastigiata, Gaillardia serotina] Senecio tomentosus] Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera [syn = Parthenium integrifolium L. Gnaphalium purpureum] Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. var. Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock var. amarum tenuifolia (Torr.) Semple & F.D. Bowers Helenium flexuosum Raf. [syn = Chrysopsis microcephala] Helianthus angustifolius L. Polymnia canadensis L. Helianthus annuus L. Prenanthes altissima L. Helianthus hirsutus Raf. [syn = Helianthus Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & hirsutus var. trachyphyllus, Helianthus B.L. Burtt ssp. obtusifolium [syn = hirsutus var. stenophyllus] Gnaphalium obtusifolium] Helianthus mollis Lam. Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. [syn = Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra Pyrrhopappus scaposus] (Dunal) Fernald

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Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. ex Nesom [syn = Aster patens var. DC. patentissimus] Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) G.L. Nesom Rudbeckia maxima Nutt. var. praealtum [syn = Aster praealtus] Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh Symphyotrichum turbinellum (Lindl.) G.L. Rudbeckia triloba L. Nesom [syn = Aster turbinellus] Silphium asteriscus L. Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. [syn = Silphium laciniatum Torr. var. robinsonii L.M. Taraxacum erythrospermum] Perry Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small [syn [syn = Actinomeris alternifolia] = Polymnia uvedalia var. densipilis] Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. Solidago altissima L. [syn = Solidago ex A. Gray canadensis var. scabra] Verbesina helianthoides Michx. Solidago caesia L. Verbesina virginica L. Solidago canadensis L. var. gilvocanescens Vernonia baldwinii Torr. ssp. baldwinii Rydb. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. ssp. gigantea Solidago missouriensis Nutt. var. fasciculata [syn = Vernonia altissima] Holz. Vernonia lettermannii Engelm. ex A. Gray Solidago nemoralis Aiton Vernonia missurica Raf. Solidago odora Aiton Xanthium strumarium L. Solidago petiolaris Aiton Solidago radula Nutt. BALSAMINACEAE Solidago rugosa Mill. ssp. aspera (Aiton) Impatiens capensis Meerb. Cronquist Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiscula Torr. & BIGNONIACEAE A. Gray [syn = Solidago speciosa var. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau angustata] Catalpa bignonioides Walter Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. var. microphylla A. Gray [syn = Solidago BORAGINACEAE delicatula] Cynoglossum virginianum L. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnst. Symphyotrichum anomalum (Engelm.) G.L. Heliotropium indicum L. Nesom [syn = Aster anomalus] Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom Myosotis verna Nutt. [syn = Aster sagittifolius] Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L. Nesom BUDDLEJACEAE var. ericoides [syn = Aster ericoides] Polypremum procumbens L. Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve var. lateriflorum [syn = Aster CACTACEAE lateriflorus] Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. [syn = Opuntia Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. compressa] Nesom var. oolentangiens [syn = Aster Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. var. macrorhiza azureus] [syn = Opuntia tortispina] Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L. Nesom var. patentissimum (Lindl. ex DC.) G.L. CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche heterophylla Pursh

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CAMPANULACEAE Chenopodium ambrosioides L. var. Lobelia appendiculata A. DC. ambrosioides Lobelia cardinalis L. Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. Lobelia puberula Michx. Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene Lobelia spicata Lam. var. leptostachys (A. DC.) Mack. and Bush CONVOLVULACEAE Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene [syn = Convolvulus arvensis L. Specularia biflora] Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Triodanis lamprosperma McVaugh [syn = Ipomoea lacunosa L. Specularia lamprosperma] Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. Mey. Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuwl. [syn = Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. Specularia leptocarpa] Ipomoea quamoclit L. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. [syn = Specularia perfoliata] CORNACEAE Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Cornus florida L. Lonicera flava Sims Cornus obliqua Raf. Lonicera japonica Thunb. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Lonicera sempervirens L. Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli CUSCUTACEAE Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy Viburnum rufidulum Raf. [syn = Viburnum Cuscuta cuspidata Engelm. prunifolium var. ferrugineum] Cuscuta glomerata Choisy Cuscuta indecora Choisy CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. glabrior Cerastium brachypodum (Engelm. ex A. Gray) (Engelm.) Gandhi, R.D. Thomas & S.L. B.L. Rob. Hatch [syn = Cuscuta glabrior] Cerastium fontanum Buamg. ssp. vulgare Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pentagona (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet [syn = [syn = Cuscuta campestris] Cerastium vulgatum] Cerastium glomeratum Till. [syn = Cerastium DROSERACEAE viscosum] Drosera brevifolia Pursh. [syn = Drosera Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill [syn = annua] Arenaria drummondii] EBENACEAE Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. [syn = Arenaria Diospyros virginiana L. [syn = Diospyros patula] virginiana var. pubescens] Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. Paronychia virginica Spreng. ERICACEAE Sagina decumbens (Elliot) Torr. & A. Gray Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosiflora Silene antirrhina L. (Michx.) Fernald [syn = Lyonia ligustrina Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton var. salicifolia] Silene virginica L. Rhododendron oblongifolium (Small) Millais Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Vaccinium pallidum Aiton [syn = Vaccinium CHENOPODIACEAE vacillans] Chenopodium album L. Vaccinium stamineum L. Vaccinium virgatum Aiton

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 35 Volume 9, December 2009

GENTIANACEAE Stachys tenuifolia Willd. Gentiana saponaria L. Teucrium canadense L. var. canadense [syn = Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh Teucrium canadense var. virginicum] Sabatia campestris Nutt. Trichostema brachiatum L.

HYDRANGEACEAE LENTIBULARIACEAE Hydrangea arborescens L. Utricularia gibba L. [syn = Utricularia biflora]

HYDROPHYLLACEAE LOGANIACEAE Hydrolea ovata Nutt. ex Choisy Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & A. Gray Hydrolea uniflora Raf. [syn = Cynoctonum mitreola] Nemophila phacelioides Nutt. Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. Phacelia glabra Nutt. Phacelia hirsuta Nutt. MOLLUGINACEAE Mollugo verticillata L. LAMIACEAE Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze NYCTAGINACEAE Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. Hedeoma hispida Pursh Lamium amplexicaule L. OLEACEAE Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bartram [syn Chionanthus virginicus L. = Lycopus americanus var. scabrifolius] Fraxinus americana L. Lycopus rubellus Moench Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Lycopus virginicus L. Marrubium vulgare L. PHYTOLACCACEAE Mentha spicata L. Phytolacca americana L. Monarda fistulosa L. ssp. fistulosa var. fistulosa Monarda punctata L. ssp. punctata var. PLANTAGINACEAE villicaulis (Pennell) Palmer & Steyerm. Plantago aristata Michx. Monarda russeliana Nutt. ex Sims [syn = Plantago lanceolata L. Monarda virgata] Plantago rhodosperma Decne. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Plantago rugelii Decne. Physostegia angustifolia Fernald Plantago virginica L. Physostegia intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & A. Gray POLEMONIACEAE Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry [syn = Gilia rubra] Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. lanceolata (W. Phlox cuspidata Scheele Bartram) Hultén Phlox pilosa L. Pycnanthemum albescens Torr. & A. Gray Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. POLYGONACEAE Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. var. grandiflora Brunnichia ovata (Walter) Shinners [syn = Benth. Brunnichia cirrhosa] Salvia lyrata L. Eriogonum longifolium Nutt. var. longifolium Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. [syn = Eriogonum vespinum] Scutellaria ovata Hill Polygonum convolvulus L. Stachys palustris Nutt. var. pilosa Polygonum hydropiper L.

Means, F.H. 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 9, December 2009

Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. [syn = Stenaria nigricans (Lam.) Terrell var. nigricans Polygonum hydropiperoides var. [syn = Hedyotis nigricans] bushianum, Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum] SAPOTACEAE Polygonum orientale L. Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. ssp. Polygonum pensylvanicum L. lanuginosum [syn = Bumelia lanuginosa] Polygonum persicaria L. Polygonum punctatum Elliot SCROPHULARIACEAE Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Agalinis fasciculata (Elliot) Raf. [syn = Gerardia Polygonum scandens L. var. scandens fasciculata] Polygonum tenue Michx. Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small [syn = Polygonum viginianum L. [syn = Tovara Gerardia gattingeri] virginiana] Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Raf. var. parviflora Rumex acetosella L. (Nutt.) Pennell [syn = Gerardia tenuifolia Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood ssp. parviflora] Rumex crispus L. Aureolaria grandiflora (Benth.) Pennell var. Rumex hastatulus Baldw. grandiflora [syn = Gerardia grandiflora] Rumex pulcher L. Aureolaria pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell [syn = Gerardia pectinata] PORTULACACEAE Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. Claytonia virginica L. Buchnera americana L. Portulaca halimoides L. [syn = Portulaca Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. parvula] Castilleja indivisa Engelm. Portulaca oleracea L. Collinsia violacea Nutt. Phemeranthus parviflorum (Nutt.) Kiger [syn = Gratiola brevifolia Raf. Talinum parviflorum] Gratiola virginiana L. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea PRIMULACEAE (Michx.) Cooperr. [syn = Lindernia Dodecatheon meadia L. anagallidea] Hottonia inflata Elliot Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia Lysimachia lanceolata Walter Mecardonia acuminata (Walter) Small var. acuminata [syn = Bacopa acuminata] RUBIACEAE Mimulus alatus Aiton Cephalanthus occidentalis L. var. occidentalis Nutallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A. Sutton Diodia teres Walter var. teres [syn = Diodia [syn = Linaria canadensis var. texana] teres var. setifera] Pedicularis canadensis L. ssp. canadensis [syn Diodia virginiana L. = Pedicularis canadensis var. dobbsii] Galium aparine L. Penstemon arkansanus Pennell Galium arkansanum A. Gray Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims Galium pilosum Aiton var. pilosum Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt. Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. [syn = Hedyotis Scrophularia marilandica L. purpurea var. longifolia] Verbascum blattaria L. Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea [syn = Verbascum thapsus L. Hedyotis purpurea] Veronica arvensis L. Houstonia pusilla Schoepf [syn = Hedyotis Veronica peregrina L. ssp. peregrina crassifolia] Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Mitchella repens L.

Means, F.H. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 37 Volume 9, December 2009

SOLANACEAE Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. [syn = Datura stramonium L. Verbena canadensis] Physalis angulata L. [syn = Physalis angulata Glandularia pumila (Rydb.) Umber [syn = var. lanceifolia, Physalis angulata var. Verbena pumila] pendula] Phryma leptostachya L. Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) Hitch. var. Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. cinerascens [syn = Physalis viscosa var. Verbena halei Small cinerascens] Verbena stricta Vent. Physalis cordata Mill. Verbena urticifolia L. Physalis heterophylla Nees Physalis pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) VIOLACEAE Waterf. Viola bicolor Pursh [syn = Viola kitaibeliana Physalis pumila Nutt. var. rafinesquei] Physalis turbinata Medik. Viola langloisii Greene, nom. inq. Physalis virginiana Mill. var. virginiana Viola lovelliana Brainerd (pro sp.) Solanum carolinense L. [missouriensis triloba] Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Viola missouriensis Greene Solanum nigrum L. Viola pedata L. [syn = Viola pedata var. Solanum rostratum Dunal lineariloba] Viola pubescens Aiton var. pubescens [syn = STYRACACEAE Viola pensylvanica] Halesia carolina L. Viola pubescencs Aiton var. scabruiscula Swein. ex Torr. & A. Gray [syn = Viola VALERIANACEAE pensylvanica var. leiocarpon] Valerianella longiflora (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp. Viola primulifolia L. (pro sp.) [lanceolata Valerianella nuttallii (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp. macloskeyi] Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. [syn = Viola sagittata Aiton Valerianella stenocarpa var. parviflora] Viola sororia Willd. [syn = Viola papilionacea] Viola triloba Schwein. var. dilatata (Elliot) VERBENACEAE Brainerd Callicarpa americana L. Viola villosa Walter

Means, F.H.