DOCSLIB.ORG

December 13, 2013 Norm Wagner, Forest Supervisor U.S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
December 13, 2013 Norm Wagner, Forest Supervisor U.S December 13, 2013 Norm Wagner, Forest Supervisor U.S. Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest P.O. Box 1270 Hot Springs, AR 71902 Re: Complaint Investigation at Wolf Pen Gap Recreation Area (Polk Co) Dear Mr. Wagner: On November 1, 2013, Water Division District 7 Field Inspector Shan Lynch and I performed an investigation of the Wolf Pen Gap Trail System in response to a complaint. The complainant alleged that the water quality of Gap Creek, Board Camp Creek and all tributaries of both streams is being negatively impacted by the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on the Wolf Pen Gap Trail System. The complainant specifically mentioned concern for the violation of Regulation 2 turbidity standards when ORVs cross these streams and tributaries. This investigation revealed that the U.S. Forest Service is in violation of the Federal Clean Water Act, the Arkansas Water and Air Pollution Control Act, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Specifically, I found the following violation: Causing or allowing instream activities to exceed the turbidity values identified in Regulation 2.503 for the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Regulation 2.503 Turbidity There shall be no distinctly visible increase in turbidity of receiving waters attributable to municipal, industrial, agricultural, other waste discharges or instream activities. Specifically, in no case shall any such waste discharge or instream activity cause turbidity values to exceed the base flows values listed below. Additionally, the non-point source runoff shall not result in the exceedance of the in stream all flows values in more than 20% of the ADEQ ambient monitoring network samples taken in not less than 24 monthly samples. The Ouachita Mountains Ecoregion sets the turbidity limit at 10 NTU or 18 NTU following a storm event. During our investigation, downstream samples of Gap Creek at the Trail #2 crossing were collected immediately after one Off Road Vehicle (ORV) traveled through the creek. One sample was collected at 11:15 and had a result of 65.9 NTU and a second sample was collected at 1:34 and had a result of 134 NTU. Both of these results exceed the turbidity values set forth in Reg. 2.503. For comparison, upstream samples were collected simultaneously. The first upstream sample showed a result of 3.39 NTU and the second sample showed a result of 3.25 NTU. Additionally, it was noted that some Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been implemented and these BMPs show effectiveness in the ability to decrease or eliminate the amount of sediment introduced into the streams and tributaries. However, it was also noted that only a small portion of the stream and tributary crossings that are in need of BMPs have been completed. Please continue in your efforts to maintain the existing BMPs and to implement these needed BMPs in a timely manner. The above item requires your immediate attention. Please submit a written response to this finding to the Water Division Inspection Branch, of this Department. This response should be mailed to the address below, or e-mailed to Water-Inspection- [email protected]. This response should contain documentation describing the course of action taken to correct each item noted. This corrective action should be completed as soon as possible, and the written response with all necessary documentations (i.e. photos) is due by December 27, 2013. If I can be of any assistance, please feel free to contact me at 501-682-0642 or by email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Kerri McCabe Inspector Supervisor Water Division WATER DIVISION COMPLAINT REPORT AFIN: 57-00000 PERMIT #: N/A COUNTY: 57 Polk PDS #: 016429 GPS LOCATION: LAT: LONG: Discharge Site / General Area / Entrance COMPLAINANT NAME: Anonymous COMPLAINT AGAINST: US Forest Service RESPONSE REQUESTED BY COMPLAINANT: Yes SITE ADDRESS: Wolf Pen Gap Rec. Area MAILING MAILING P.O. Box 1270 ADDRESS: ADDRESS: CITY, STATE, ZIP: CITY, STATE, ZIP: Hot Springs AR 71902 PHONE & EXT: FAX: PHONE & EXT: FAX: EMAIL: EMAIL: ADEQ = ADEQ Personnel | EML = E-Mail | FAX = Fax | LTR = Letter HOW WAS COMPLAINT RECEIVED BY ADEQ: PHON PERS = Personal Contact | PHON = Telephone | WEB = ADEQ Website PERSON RECEIVING REPORT: DATE: SUPERVISOR REFERRAL: DATE: Shan Lynch 10-29-2013 MEDIA SUPERVISOR REFERRAL: DATE: RECEIVING INSPECTOR: (ID & Name) DATE: 26152 Shan Lynch 10-29-2013 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF COMPLAINT Complainant stated he was concerned that the water quality of Gap Creek, Board Camp Creek and all tributaries of both streams is being negatively impacted by the operation of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on the Wolf Pen Gap Trail System. The complainant specifically mentioned concern for the violation of Reg. 2 turbidity standards when ORVs cross these streams and tributaries. DETAILED LOCATION Wolf Pen Gap Trail System is located 9 miles south of Mena, AR in Polk County between State Hwy 375 and Polk County Rds 64, 84 and 61 (also known as Heath Valley Rd). There are four trail heads. The west trail head is located off of State Hwy 375, 9 miles south of Mena; the south trail head is located off of State Hwy 375 approximately 11.5 miles south of Mena; the east trail head is located off of Polk County Rd 84, 5 miles west of Hwy 8 near Big Fork; and the north trail head is located off of Polk County Rd 61, 3.8 miles south of State Hwy 8 near Board Camp. PREVIOUS COMPLAINTS: No DATE(S): FOLLOW-UP ON COMPLAINT NUMBER OF SITE VISITS: 1 DATES: FIRST 11-1-2013 SECOND THIRD PHOTOS TAKEN: Yes DISCHARGE TO WATER OF THE STATE: No SAMPLES COLLECTED: Yes NAME OF WATERBODY: Gap Creek FAYETTEVILLE SHALE RELATED: No FAYETTEVILLE SHALE VIOLATIONS: No Page 1 of 4 Complaint Report: US Forest Service, AFIN: 57-00000, Permit #: N/A INVESTIGATION & ACTION TAKEN On the morning of November 1, 2013, I met with ADEQ Water Inspector Supervisor Kerri McCabe and the complainant at the West trail head. We first walked a short distance down Trail #2 and observed some existing Best Management Practices (BMPs) that have been implemented. These include "plank crossings" and sediment traps or sediment basins. A plank crossing consists of several rectangular concrete slabs approximately 10 ft. long and 1.5 ft. wide and placed a few inches apart in the stream bed for the purpose of protecting against any stream bed disturbance while traversing a stream on an ORV. At this particular location, this appeared to be an effective BMP (See Photo #1). In the same area, we noted two sediment traps (See Photo #2). The sediment traps are placed in a strategic location along the trail and designed to collect fine sediment that is generated by ORV use and during and after a rain events when runoff is likely. These sediment traps appear to be effective BMPs; but at the time, the sediment traps were nearly full of sediment and appeared to be either undersized or in need of maintenance by removing the accumulated sediment. After some discussion, we continued to tour the trail system and areas of concern were brought to our attention including locations of accumulated sediment in non-flowing tributaries where these small tributaries cross the trail system (See Photo #3). This sediment would likely be deposited into the creeks during a rain event. Throughout the tour, we noticed piles of "uninstalled" planks along the trail system in several locations. At one point during our investigation, while along the banks of Gap Creek, we encountered an ORV in the process of crossing Gap Creek on Trail #2. After the ORV crossed Gap Creek; an upstream, an upstream duplicate and a downstream turbidity sample was collected (See Photo #4). The results of this sample were provided by the ADEQ lab on November 5, 2013 and show that the upstream sample result was 3.39 NTU, the upstream duplicate sample result was 3.12 NTU and the downstream sample result was 65.9 NTU. This exceeds the Reg. 2.503 turbidity standard of 10 NTU for the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Complete sample results are attached to this report. We continued our tour and were shown bridges that have been constructed within the last few years and large deposits of river gravel that likely originated from upstream cut banks. Toward the end of the tour, we again encountered an ORV at the Gap Creek / Trail #2 crossing. After the ORV crossed, an upstream and downstream turbidity sample was collected. The results of the sample were provided by the ADEQ lab on November 5, 2013 and show that the upstream sample result was 3.25 NTU and the downstream sample result was 134 NTU. This also exceeds the Reg. 2.503 turbidity standard of 10 NTU for the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Let it be known that the chain of custody and sample result report indicate that the sample was collected at the Gap Creek / Trail #3 crossing; however, this is a recording mistake that was later brought to my attention and the location of both sample collections was Gap Creek / Trail #2 crossing. The exact sample location was identified with a GPS and is noted to be 34 29.069' -94 07.556'. REFERRED: No TO WHOM: N/A DATE REFERRED: RESPONSE TRACKING RESPONSE REQUESTED: Yes RESPONSE PROVIDED: Yes RESPONSE PROVIDED DATE: 11/20/2013 BY WHOM?(ID and Name): ASSIGNED TO? (ID and Name): 84022 Kerri McCabe RESPONSE COMMENT: Investigated; letter will be sent to USFS outlining findings of investigation. Complainant was provided results of investigation. DATE: 11-6-2013 INSPECTOR: Shan Lynch DATE: 11/20/2013 SUPERVISOR: *Kerri McCabe Revised: 5/13/2013 Page 2 of 4 Complaint Report: US Forest Service, AFIN: 57-00000, Permit #: N/A Water Division Photographic Evidence Sheet Location: US Forest Service; Wolf Pen Gap Rec.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FISHING OPPORTUNITIES in the OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST Page 1 of 24
    FISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST Page 1 of 24 FISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST FISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST Page 2 of 24 RIVERS Ouachita Fourche LaFave South Fork Fourche LaFave Little Missouri Poteau Glover Caddo Cossatot Mountain Fork Petit Jean LAKES-PONDS Quad Map Location Dry Fork Lake ..............................................C-15 Cedar Lake ...................................................C-3 Hunter's Pool ...............................................K-3 Lake Sylvia ...................................................C-18 Moss Creek Pond .........................................A-11, A-12* Rock Creek Lake ..........................................B-17 Little Bear Creek Lake ................................C-16 Cove Creek Lake ..........................................B-16 Huston Lake .................................................B-17 Macedonia Pond ...........................................D-10 North Fork Lake ..........................................E-10 Shady Lake ...................................................G-8 Caddo Pond ..................................................F-12, F-13, G-12* Crooked Branch Lake .................................C-3 John Burns Pond ..........................................D-11 Mauldin Ponds ............................................E-11 Old Forester Pond ........................................C-10 Story Pond ....................................................D-12 Cedar Creek Lake
    [Show full text]
  • VGP) Version 2/5/2009
    Vessel General Permit (VGP) Version 2/5/2009 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) VESSEL GENERAL PERMIT FOR DISCHARGES INCIDENTAL TO THE NORMAL OPERATION OF VESSELS (VGP) AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act (CWA), as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), any owner or operator of a vessel being operated in a capacity as a means of transportation who: • Is eligible for permit coverage under Part 1.2; • If required by Part 1.5.1, submits a complete and accurate Notice of Intent (NOI) is authorized to discharge in accordance with the requirements of this permit. General effluent limits for all eligible vessels are given in Part 2. Further vessel class or type specific requirements are given in Part 5 for select vessels and apply in addition to any general effluent limits in Part 2. Specific requirements that apply in individual States and Indian Country Lands are found in Part 6. Definitions of permit-specific terms used in this permit are provided in Appendix A. This permit becomes effective on December 19, 2008 for all jurisdictions except Alaska and Hawaii. This permit and the authorization to discharge expire at midnight, December 19, 2013 i Vessel General Permit (VGP) Version 2/5/2009 Signed and issued this 18th day of December, 2008 William K. Honker, Acting Director Robert W. Varney, Water Quality Protection Division, EPA Region Regional Administrator, EPA Region 1 6 Signed and issued this 18th day of December, 2008 Signed and issued this 18th day of December, Barbara A.
    [Show full text]
  • Basecamp for Mountain Adventures
    SPRING SUMMER BASECAMP FOR MOUNTAIN ADVENTURES FALL WINTER MENA ADVERTISING & PROMOTION COMMISSION WWW.VISITMENA.COM 479 ∙ 394 ∙ 8355 IN ANY SEASON WWW.VISITMENA.COM Great outdoors will take on a whole new meaning when you step into our back yard! Hello... this is Lum & Abner. We want you to know that the Lum & Abner Festival is the first weekend in June in Mena at Janssen Park! The event is free and folks get to enjoy live music both nights. There are always all kinds of arts & handcrafted items provided by locals and folks from all around. it always smells good at the lum & abner festival cause of all the tasty food being cooked up by vendors. Lots of other entertainment is happening too. Baby crawling contests, eating contests, fun things for the kiddies, a car show, basketball tournament, and even a 5K run. bring some friends & neighbors. Bring Grandpa, Grandma, cousins, aunts, and uncles. Why... you might even want to bring your mother-in-law. For more information Talimena National Scenic Byway go to www.visitmena.com or call 479-394-8355 Aubrey D. Tapley Park Table of Contents This sports complex is a 74 acre park which was started by Welcome to the Mena Advertising and Promotion Commission in 2003. It was named Aubrey D. Tapley Park in 2009. It currently houses 5 baseball/softball fields, soccer fields, concession The Ouachita Mountains! facilities including a pavilion, and two playgrounds. The complex is the venue for community events such as the Attractions.............................3-8 Annual 4th of July Celebration and multiple baseball/ softball and soccer tournaments each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 51/Monday, March 16, 2020
    Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 51 / Monday, March 16, 2020 / Proposed Rules 14847 October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, Dated: March 2, 2020. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, January 21, 2011); John W. Busterud, identified by Docket No. EPA–R06– • Is not an Executive Order 13771 (82 Regional Administrator, Region IX. OAR–2015–0189, at http:// FR 9339, February 2, 2017) regulatory [FR Doc. 2020–05331 Filed 3–13–20; 8:45 am] www.regulations.gov or via email to _ action because SIP approvals are BILLING CODE 6560–50–P R6AIR [email protected]. Follow the exempted under Executive Order 12866; online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments • Does not impose an information ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION cannot be edited or removed from collection burden under the provisions AGENCY Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 any comment received to its public U.S.C. 3501 et seq.); 40 CFR Part 52 docket. Do not submit any information • Is certified as not having a [EPA–R06–OAR–2015–0189; FRL–10006– electronically that is considered to be significant economic impact on a 02–Region 6] Confidential Business Information (CBI) substantial number of small entities or other information whose disclosure is under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 Air Plan Approval; Arkansas; Arkansas restricted by statute. Multimedia U.S.C. 601 et seq.); Regional Haze and Visibility Transport submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be • Does not contain any unfunded State Implementation Plan Revisions accompanied by a written comment. mandate or significantly or uniquely and Withdrawal of Federal The written comment is considered the affect small governments, as described Implementation Plan official comment with multimedia in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act AGENCY: Environmental Protection submissions and should include all of 1995 (Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
    ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Tables STEPHEN T. ROSS University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN 978-0-520-24945-5 uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 1 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 2 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 1.1 Families Composing 95% of North American Freshwater Fish Species Ranked by the Number of Native Species Number Cumulative Family of species percent Cyprinidae 297 28 Percidae 186 45 Catostomidae 71 51 Poeciliidae 69 58 Ictaluridae 46 62 Goodeidae 45 66 Atherinopsidae 39 70 Salmonidae 38 74 Cyprinodontidae 35 77 Fundulidae 34 80 Centrarchidae 31 83 Cottidae 30 86 Petromyzontidae 21 88 Cichlidae 16 89 Clupeidae 10 90 Eleotridae 10 91 Acipenseridae 8 92 Osmeridae 6 92 Elassomatidae 6 93 Gobiidae 6 93 Amblyopsidae 6 94 Pimelodidae 6 94 Gasterosteidae 5 95 source: Compiled primarily from Mayden (1992), Nelson et al. (2004), and Miller and Norris (2005). uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 3 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 3.1 Biogeographic Relationships of Species from a Sample of Fishes from the Ouachita River, Arkansas, at the Confl uence with the Little Missouri River (Ross, pers. observ.) Origin/ Pre- Pleistocene Taxa distribution Source Highland Stoneroller, Campostoma spadiceum 2 Mayden 1987a; Blum et al. 2008; Cashner et al. 2010 Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta 3 Mayden 1987a Steelcolor Shiner, Cyprinella whipplei 1 Mayden 1987a Redfi n Shiner, Lythrurus umbratilis 4 Mayden 1987a Bigeye Shiner, Notropis boops 1 Wiley and Mayden 1985; Mayden 1987a Bullhead Minnow, Pimephales vigilax 4 Mayden 1987a Mountain Madtom, Noturus eleutherus 2a Mayden 1985, 1987a Creole Darter, Etheostoma collettei 2a Mayden 1985 Orangebelly Darter, Etheostoma radiosum 2a Page 1983; Mayden 1985, 1987a Speckled Darter, Etheostoma stigmaeum 3 Page 1983; Simon 1997 Redspot Darter, Etheostoma artesiae 3 Mayden 1985; Piller et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Ecology and Habitat Preference of the Leopard Darter, Percina Pantherina
    REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE LEOPARD DARTER, PERCINA PANTHERINA By PAUL WILLIAM /~AMES Bachelor of Science University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 1981 ·4::er of Science ...1.issouri State University 3pringfield, Missouri 1983 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the·Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1989 . - ~· ,• ) "' Oklahoma State Univ. Lihra1 REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF THE LEOPARD DARTER, PERCINA PANTHERINA Thesis Approved: ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my advisor, Dr. o. Eugene Maughan, for giving me the opportunity to work on this project and for his encouragement throughout my graduate program. I would also like to thank the members of my graduate committee, Dr. William A. Drew, Dr. Anthony A. Echelle, Dr. Rudolph J. Miller, and Dr. Alexander v. Zale, for their professional and personal advice throughout the course of the study. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to the u. s. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for providing financial and technical support for the study. I am especially grateful to Mr. Frank James of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation's McCurtain County Wilderness Area for his friendship and hospitality during extended field trips. A sincere thanks goes to Rick Horton, Steve O'Donnell, and Todd Phillips for their help in the field and laboratory. A special thanks goes to Stuart Leon for helping with the development of many of the field and data analysis techniques used in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Population and Conservation Biology of The
    POPULATION AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF THE THREATENED LEOPARD DARTER By CONRAD STEFAN TOEPFER Bachelor of Science Centre College Danville, Kentucky 1990 Master of Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1992 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1997 p::t q '1 D 1 t,1,r >P POPULATION AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF THE THREATENED LEOPARD DARTER Thesis Approved: dJ~?t~ Thesis Adviser ~· Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my adviser, Dr. William L. Fisher, for his encouragement and assistance on this project. He allowed me to flourish, and I will always value his contribution to my future. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Tony Echelle, Dr. Stan Fox, Dr. Don Turton, and Dr. Emily Stanley, for their advice during the course of my research. I would like to thank the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, U.S. Fish and Widlife Service, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit for their financial support of the study. I would like to extend special thanks to Ken Collins at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ecological Services Office for his assistance in obtaining additional funding and special permits and for his general advice and insights concerning leopard darters. I appreciate a number of students and family members that helped with field work. I extend my thanks to Rex iii Anderson, Mike Sams, Mike Miller, Jason Ballew, and Tracy Brotherton.
    [Show full text]
  • Eagle Rock Loop Trail Recreational Trail the Ground
    It’s a simple thing, really: a well-trod path through a place otherwise untouched, a scraggly aisle cut through a sun-dappled canopy. It’s rudimental and practical. It’s a way through. But as the eight routes featured in these pages prove, an Arkansas hiking trail can be far, far more than just a means to an end Edited by Wyndham Wyeth 60 ARKANSAS LIFE www.arkansaslife.com OCTOBER 2016 ARKANSAS LIFE 61 R. Kenny Vernon 64 Nature Trail 76 Ouachita National “Stand absolutely still and study Eagle Rock Loop Trail Recreational Trail the ground. Look for the clusters of acorns the blackjack oak has tossed aside; the horn of plenty ’VE ALWAYS BEEN OF THE MIND THAT those may live nearby.” who talk down about Arkansas have never actually set foot in the state. Surely, those folks have never been fortunate enough to see the unyielding natural beauty that abounds in this neck of the woods we call home. When it comes to the great outdoors, the variety found in The Natural State is inexhaustible. From the IBuffalo, the country’s first national river, to our state’s highest peak on Mount Magazine, and all manner of flora and fauna in between, the call of the Arkansas wild is difficult to resist. 70 But if you want to discuss Arkansas and its eminence in all things outside, you’d be remiss if you failed to address the hiking trails, Mount Nebo Bench Trail those hand-cut paths through terrain both savage and tamed that represent Arkansas in its purest form.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea Ozarkensis" (2017)
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The ffecE t of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis Colton Zirkle University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Zirkle, Colton, "The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1996. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1996 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. The Effect of Insects on Seed Set of Ozark Chinquapin, Castanea ozarkensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Colton Zirkle Missouri State University Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2014 May 2017 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________________ Dr. Ashley Dowling Thesis Director ____________________________________ ______________________________________ Dr. Frederick Paillet Dr. Neelendra Joshi Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Ozark chinquapin (Castanea ozarkensis), once found throughout the Interior Highlands of the United States, has been decimated across much of its range due to accidental introduction of chestnut blight, Cryphonectria parasitica. Efforts have been made to conserve and restore C. ozarkensis, but success requires thorough knowledge of the reproductive biology of the species. Other Castanea species are reported to have characteristics of both wind and insect pollination, but pollination strategies of Ozark chinquapin are unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Ouachita Mountains Ecoregional Assessment December 2003
    Ouachita Mountains Ecoregional Assessment December 2003 Ouachita Ecoregional Assessment Team Arkansas Field Office 601 North University Ave. Little Rock, AR 72205 Oklahoma Field Office 2727 East 21st Street Tulsa, OK 74114 Ouachita Mountains Ecoregional Assessment ii 12/2003 Table of Contents Ouachita Mountains Ecoregional Assessment............................................................................................................................i Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................3 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................4 Ecoregional Boundary Delineation.............................................................................................................................................4 Geology..........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Soils................................................................................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Arkansas Fishes Thomas M
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 27 Article 11 1973 Checklist of Arkansas Fishes Thomas M. Buchanan University of Arkansas – Fort Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Population Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Buchanan, Thomas M. (1973) "Checklist of Arkansas Fishes," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 27 , Article 11. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol27/iss1/11 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 27 [1973], Art. 11 Checklist of Arkansas Fishes THOMAS M.BUCHANAN Department ot Natural Science, Westark Community College, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72901 ABSTRACT Arkansas has a large, diverse fish fauna consisting of 193 species known to have been collected from the state's waters. The checklist is an up-to-date listing of both native and introduced species, and is intended to correct some of the longstanding and more recent erroneous Arkansas records.
    [Show full text]
  • FY 2007 Monitoring Report As Conversions Are Completed and Data Is Available
    100 Years of Caring for the Land and Serving People The Ouachita National Forest celebrated the forest centennial in 2007. The Ouachita National Forest, originally called the Arkansas National Forest, was created through an executive order issued by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 18, 1907. At first, the Arkansas National Forest consisted solely of reserved public domain lands (part of the Louisiana Purchase) south of the Arkansas River. The 1911 Weeks Law, which authorized Federal purchase of forest lands in the eastern part of the United States, was later used to add thousands of acres of cutover or farmed out lands to the national forest. The largest increases in national forest ownership occurred from 1933 to 1941. In April 1926, President Coolidge changed the name of the Arkansas National Forest to the Ouachita National Forest. He also proposed expanding the national forest and fulfilled this proposal in December 1930 by extending the Ouachita National Forest into Oklahoma. Today, the Ouachita National Forest consists of nearly 1.8 million acres located in thirteen Arkansas counties and two Oklahoma counties. It is the largest and oldest national forest in the Southern Region of the United States. The Forest includes 60 recreation areas, 6 wilderness areas, 2 national wild and scenic rivers, 700 miles of trails, several scenic byways, many special interest (botanical, scenic) areas, abundant historic and prehistoric resources, and habitat for nine federally listed and hundreds of other plant and animal species. It also provides timber and other forest products to the Nation; offers diverse hunting and fishing opportunities; and is the source of high quality drinking water for hundreds of thousands of people in Arkansas and Oklahoma.
    [Show full text]