Initial Environmental Examination
Project Number: 46378-002 October 2018
PAK: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improving Border Services Project
Project Torkham Border Crossing Point
Prepared by the TERA International Group, Inc., USA for the Federal Board of Revenue, Government of Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank.
This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status or any territory or area. INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) (Updated) PAK: Regional Improving Border Services Project Torkham Border Crossing Point (BCP)
October 2018
Prepared by Project Management Consultants for CAREC-RIBS Project
This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section in ADB website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
Table of Contents
Introduction 1 Project Background 1 Need for the Project 2 Purpose of the IEE and Methodology 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the IEE 3 1.3.2 Methodology 3 1.3.3 Review of Project Related Documents and Literature 3 1.3.4 Data Collection 3 1.3.5 Impact Prediction and Environmental Management Plan 4 1.3.6 Stakeholder Consultations 4 1.3.7 EMP Implementation Planning 4 Proponent of the Project 5 IEE Team 5 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 6 General 6 Legal Framework for Environmental Management 6 National Environmental Regulatory Framework 6 2.3.1 General 6 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 7 Interaction with other Agencies 9 2.5.1 Regulatory Clearances, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NWFP-EPA) 9 2.5.2 Provincial Governments/Federal EPA 9 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 9 2.6.1 General 9 Screening and Categorization 9 IEE Compliance with Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles 10 Description of Project 13 Project Location 13 Project Components 13 Description of Existing Environment 19 Topography and Soil 19 Geology 19 Climate 20 Air quality 20 Water resources 21 Surface Water 21 Forest Vegetation and Terrestrial Ecology 22
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Human and Socio-Economic Conditions 24 Demographic Profile 24 Public Health Facilities 25 Land Uses and Facilities 26 Infrastructure and Utilities in the Project Area 26 Education 27 Energy Resources 28 Historical & Cultural Heritage 28 Communities and Stakeholders 28 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 30 Project Area of Influence 30 Impacts due to Design/Pre-Construction Phase 31 5.2.1 Impact on private and public property 31 5.2.2 Potential geology-related and other natural events impacts 32 5.2.3 Identification of Locations for Labour Camps and ancillary facilities 32 5.2.4 Development of Traffic Management Plan 33 Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase 34 Air pollution 36 Noise and vibration 38 Water and soil pollution (from domestic waste water and construction hazardous materials) 39 Waste handling and spill response 40 Cultural Heritage Resources 41 Occupational health hazards for construction workers 42 Accidents and Hazards 42 Employment Conflicts 43 Vegetation and Wildlife Loss 44 Traffic Concerns 44 Impacts and mitigation measures during operation phase 46 Air pollution 47 Noise and vibration 48 Water pollution 49 Biological Environment 51 Traffic Concern 51 Adaptability of Public Crossing BCP to New Conditions 51 Analysis of Alternatives 52 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 54 Introduction 54 Identification of Main Stakeholders 54 Approach for Public Consultation and Objectives 55
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Meetings with Stakeholders 56 Information Disseminated 56 Findings of FGD withLocal Residents and Businessescommunity 57 Outcomes of FGD with Local Residents and Businesses 57 Concerns raised by Affected Persons 58 Findings of FGD With Affected Landowners 58 Outcomes of FGD with Jirga 59 Grievance Redress Mechanism 61 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 61 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 64 Organisation Structure of EMP Implementation 64 Inclusion of EMP in Contract documents 65 Institutional Arrangements 65 Geology-related and other natural events 70 Environmental Monitoring 100 9.4.1 Objective and Rationale 100 9.4.2 Monitoring of Construction Impacts 100 9.4.3 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation Phase 101 9.4.4 Hiring of Contractor’s Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Staff 101 9.4.5 Monitoring Parameters 101 9.4.6 Environmental Capacity Building and Training 102 9.4.7 Summary Cost of EMP 103 Conclusion and Recommendations 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 ANNEX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment – Torkham BCP 110 ANNEX 2: Aerial Map of the Proposed Site Development 115 ANNEX 3: Map Seismic Hazard Zone of Pakistan 116 ANNEX 4: Composite Hazard Map of Pakistan 117 ANNEX 6: Chance Find Procedures of Physical and Cultural Resources 118 ANNEX 7: Environmental Monitoring Reports 119 ANNEX 8: Governor KP Notifications 122 ANNEX 10: Photo log 130
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List of Tables
Table 2.12.1: Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles and IEE Document Compliance ..... 10 Table 4.4.1: MonthlyClimateParametersof Peshawar ...... 20 Table 4.5.1:Ambient Air Quality of the Project Area...... 21 Table 4.7.1: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water ...... 22 Table 4.10.1: Population Details of Khyber Agency ...... 25 Table 4.10.2: Total Estimated Population ...... 25 Table 5.2.2: Total of Affected Structures ...... 32 Table 5.3.2: Summary of Possible Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 34 Table 5.3.1: Control measures for Fugitive Dust emissions ...... 37 Table 5.4.1: Summary of Possible Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 46 Table 5.4.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air ...... 47 Table 5.5.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 13 ...... 49 Table 5.6.1: Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standard for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents ...... 49 Table 7.2.1: Stakeholders and Consultation Tools for Torkham BCP ...... 55 Table 7.4.1: Stakeholder Consultations Conducted for Torkham BCP ...... 56 Table 7.9.1: Participants Profile of FGD with Jirga ...... 58 Table 9.3.1: Responsibility of organisations involved in project execution ...... 65 Table 9.3.2: Environmental Management Plan ...... 68 Table 9.9.1: Cost of Environmental Monitoring Works ...... 102 Table 9.11.1: Summary of EMP Cost ...... 103 Table 9.11.2: Proposed Capacity Building and Training ...... 104 Table 9.11.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 105
List of Figures Figure 3.1.1: BCPs Location Map...... 13 Figure 3.2.1: 59.31 acres of project development as depicted in image ...... 17 Figure 5.1.1: Torkham BCP Project Area ...... 31 Figure 8.1.1: Proposed grievance redress mechanism ...... 63 Figure 9.1.1:Organization Chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation ... 64
Currency Equivalents
$1.00 (US Dollar) 123.00 Pakistani Rupees (PKR
1 Pakistani Rupees (PKR $0.0081 (US Dollar)
LIST OF UNITS
m3 = Cubic Meter(s) ppb = Parts per Billion m2 = Square Meter(s) L = Litre ha = Hectares yr = Year m = Meter hr = Hour mg = Milligram min = Minute ug = Microgram dB = Decibel ppm = Parts per Million °C = Centigrade
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List of Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome APA Assistant Political Agent BCP Border Crossing Point BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities CAREC Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CCA Cultivable Command Area COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DP Displaced Person EA Executing Agency EHS Environment, Health & Safety EPA Environmental Protection Agency FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FBR Federal Board of Revenue FC Frontier Constabulary FCR Frontier Crime Regulation GoP Government of Pakistan, GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICT Information and Communication Technology IEE Initial Environmental Examination IT Information Technology IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MES Military Engineering Services NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NHA National Highway Authority NLC National Logistics Cell NO Nitrogen Oxide PA Political Agent PD Project Director
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PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PEPC Pakistan Environmental Protection Council PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Particulate Matter PMC Project Management Consultant PMU Project Management Unit RIBS Regional Improving Border Services SDS Safety Data Sheet SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan TOR Term of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids UV Ultra Violet
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. An environmental assessment was made for the proposed Torkham border crossing point (BCP) improvement project. This BCP is envisioned to become part of a more progressive and improved regional transport corridors for Pakistan’s products to international markets covering areas in Central Asia and other neighboring trading partners.
2. The Project is a component of PAK: Improving Border Services Project to be financed under a loan agreement by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) with the Government of Pakistan (GoP) through its Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) as the Executing Agency (EA).
3. This BCP plays an important and strategic role in Pakistan’s endowments and development potential. However, this BCP is facing significant economic and security obstacles which greatly impede the achievement of the desired development outcomes.
4. Torkham BCP lacks the necessary facilities and equipment to serve as efficient regional transport corridors. This BCP can no longer process the current volumes of export, import and transit cargo and pedestrians. Under this background, the primary objective of the project is to provide both structural and non-structural interventions to address the inadequacies that are restricting trade operation and hampering full potential of the transit trade of this BCP and Pakistan in general. By improving Torkham BCP’s operational capability, it is expected that the project will enhance the economic growth and in the long term to reduce the poverty in the project area.
5. Under the proposed improvement project, the works consist of (i) developmental works, (ii) buildings and (iii) colony/accommodations. The goods consist of the provision of short-and long- term equipment and system for data connectivity Marshal Reporting Console (MRC), Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Information Technology (IT).
6. The implementation of the proposed improvement works which involve earth and civil works is not expected to generate significant environmental impacts.
7. With the type of improvement works as described and with the understanding that the project will generate limited impact and risks significance to the existing environment, based on ADBEnvironmental Safeguards Policy (2009), the project falls under Category B project. The type of assessment warranted the preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. Hence, this IEE was carried out as part of
Executive Summary | i Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
the process of compliance with the ADB’s Safeguards Policy of 2009 and within the policy, legal, and administrative frameworks relevant to the environmental assessment of the Government of Pakistan.
8. Subproject Description. For this BCP, the proposed scope of improvement consists of the provision of developmental works, buildings, colony/ accommodation and equipment. The list of the proposed improvement works and goods is provided below:
Earthworks/ Approach Road/ Approach Road (3+3 Lane) Cement Road/ Fencing & Signage/ Overhead Water Reservoir/ Street Lights/ Flood Lights/ Weighing Developmental Bridge/ Parking Area/ Retaining Wall for Road/ Works Boundary Wall/ Toll Booth/ Toll Canopy/ Secondary Inspection Canopy/ Cargo Immigration Canopy/ Quarantine Shed/ Surface Drainage Works / Power Supply Network.
Admin Center, Business Center, Passenger Terminal, /SPS Quarantine, Customs Lab, Office Block, Perishable/ Cold Storage, Seized Goods Warehouse Structural (Import), Seized Goods/Cold Storage (Export), Closed Intervention Examination Area, Open Examination Area, C-Mart, Watch Tower, Canine Main Building, Canine Units Buildings Small, Toll Booth Single, Toll Booth Double, Bomb Disposal Squad, Canteen/ Prayer/ C-Mart/ Toilets/ Clinic (Import Yard), Canteen/ Driver's Rest Area (Export Yard), Public Toilets, Clinic, Guard Post, Substation, Mosque, Fire Station, Operator's Room, Facilitation Center, Gantry Scanner, Bomb Diffuse Chamber, DRC, Agent Hall, Power House (Import Yard).
Colony/ Not provided in design Accommodations
Short Term (Data Connectivity, ICT and Securiyu Equipment, Optical connection) Equipment Long Term (Data Connectivity, ICT and Securiyu Equipment, Optical connection)
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9. As of August 2018, the project cost for Torkham Border Improvement Project is estimated at US $ 120.9 Million (PKR 14,870,700,000). This cost includes funds for the integration and implementation of environmental management plan (EMP) in the overall project design to ensure compliance with safeguard requirements of ADB and the Government of Pakistan. EMP costs, especially those EMPs to be undertaken during construction phase, will be incorporated into the Contractors’ cost while some will be built to specifically manage solid and wastewater wastes during operation phase where funds shall be likewise allocated by the EA.
10. Impact Assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment is the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the physical, biological, social and other relevant effects of any development projects prior to major decisions, commitment and implementation. The EIA aims to provide information to decision makers and the public about the environmental implications of the project before critical decisions are made. As part of the EIA process, methodologies include: (i) screening, (ii) scoping, (iii) examination of alternatives, (iv) impact analysis, (v) mitigation and management, (vi) evaluation, (vii) reporting, (viii) review, (ix) decision making, and (x) follow up or monitoring.
11. Based on ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this project falls under Category B project of which an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report is required for submission. In the documentation, an IEE report contains the same outline as the full-blown EIA report required under the Category A projects but has a narrower scope and may be conducted for projects with limited impacts that are few in number, generally site-specific, largely reversible, and readily addressed through mitigation measure.
12. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) together with the recommended Institutional Plans focused on the mitigation and management of identified potential impacts that include solid waste management, water pollution management, dust control, noise management, employment opportunities, occupational health and hazard management, traffic problem and management and enhancement of economic benefits of the project.
13. The main objective of the EMP is to ensure that the environmental and social concerns about the project are incorporated in the overall project design and these concerns are eliminated and reduced to levels that are acceptable during implementation and operation of the project.
14. In the performance of the EMP by the Executing Agency (EA), the scope of EMP works includes the implementation of the mitigation measures for each phase of the project and the undertaking of environmental monitoring works including capacity building on
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EMP implementation. The EA will be responsible to monitor and supervise the implementation of the EMP.
15. The EMP shall cover capacity-building, monitoring and EMP implementation of the approved safeguard plans. The cost of EMP is presented below:
Summary of EMP Cost
EMP Details Cost (PKR Million) Hiring of Contractor’s Includes hiring of Environmental, 0.3x42=12.6 EMP Implementation Social and Health and Safety Staff; staff Cost is to be shouldered by the Contractor Capacity Building Includes hiring of third party Lump sum 1.5 entities; Cost is to be shouldered by the Contractor Monitoring Cost during pre-construction and 4.312 construction phases are to be shouldered by the Contractor. EMP Cost is to be shouldered by the Part of the project Contractor cost Misc Lump Sum approximate 8.24 % 1.588 Total 20.00 (US$ 0.162 Million)
16. Environmental and Socioeconomic Conditions of the Project Area. The location map of BCPs is depicted in Figure ES-1.
Project Site
Wagah
Figure ES -1: BCPs Location Map
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17. Given the limitations in terms of physical fieldworks for Torkham BCP, environmental data collection and gathering approach include the use of satellite imagery and secondary data from previous recent studies and works.
18. As the BCP is operational at the moment, it can be said that the proposed improvement works are not incursions to the project area’s present land use and environment. The existing environment at Torkham BCP is void of environmentally sensitive and precious ecology while most of its surrounding environs is surrounded by agricultural area. Torkham BCP is found void of ecologically sensitive environment and physical cultural heritage. Thus, the issue on impacts and risks to ecological and biodiversity conservation is not applicable to this project.
BCP Space Requirements Brief Description of Environment (in acres) Torkham 59.3125. Void of ecologically sensitive environment and precious physical cultural resources
19. Impacts and EMP. Screening for environmental impacts is made through a review of the parameters associated with the proposed works of the BCPs improvement project. Screening is used as an important tool to identify environmental impacts so as to plan the necessary mitigation measures.
20. Important considerations that are factored-in during the analysis of potential environmental impacts of the proposed improvement project are the (i) magnitude and nature of works to be done in the project area and, (ii) the existing environmental conditions in the project area.
21. During detailed design and pre-construction phase, it will be ensured that the EMP shall form part of the provisions of the tender documents and contractual obligations of the Contractors. This inclusion of the EMP in the tender documents and construction contract documents will oblige the Contractor to adhere and implement the requirements of the EMP.
22. During construction, construction works during site preparations are the main impact- generating activities. Construction works will inevitably lead to the generation of dust, noise, construction wastes and accidental spillage of machine oil and lubricants, solid and wastewater disposal on the construction site, pollution of surface waters and soil. Mitigation measures for such anticipated impacts have been analyzed and recommended to be implemented during construction period. For instance, dust control will be addressed by regular spraying of exposed surfaces with water to mitigate this impact. While for the management of wastes, the Contractor may install temporary wastes management system (i.e., temporary septic tanks for domestic
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wastewater management and receptacles for solid wastes) which can be cleaned-up immediately after project construction completion.
23. During operation phase, Torkham BCP shall be equipped with routine facilities and waste management system to manage both domestic solid waste and domestic wastewater. For the management of reject, spoiled and damaged food commodities, it is highly recommended that Torkham BCP should continue the practice of returning said commodities within the dwell time period of 24 hours to its origin.
24. On social impact assessment and management, an inventory of losses and required land for acquisition were made during the planning phase. These are to be ascertained and updated during detailed design phase. A separate plan for compensation and other assistance corresponding to the losses of the affected people will be prepared under the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP).
25. Anticipated positive socio-economic impacts of the project include employment opportunities, short-term jobs created during the construction period, improved access and commodity trading to the border and improved levels of social services.
26. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed to provide guidance to the environmental measures needed to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental effects associated with the project implementation, as well as provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects during the conduct of the construction. The plan includes: (i) mitigating measures to be implemented, (ii) required monitoring associated with the mitigating measures, and (iii) implementation arrangement. Institutional set-up discusses the requirements and responsibilities during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. The plan includes tabulated information on: (i) required measures for each environmental impact that requires mitigation, (ii) locations where the measures apply, (iii) associated cost, and (iv) responsibility for implementing the measures and monitoring.
27. The proposed environmental monitoring plan will become part of the construction supervision TOR and Contract Technical specifications.
28. Consultation and Participation. Project planning and the subsequent IEE preparation for the proposed Torkham BCP improvement project recognized the need for public consultation and participation as central to effective environmental and social safeguard. Within the context of "meaningful consultation", the Federal Board of Revenue initiated a process of consultation during project preparation and intends to continue it during the construction phase.In addition to other consultation process, the Local Jirga System and formation of Grevious Redressal Committee (GRC) were implemented at pre construction stage.
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29. Grievance Redress Mechanism. Implementation of the proposed project will be fully compliant to ADB’s safeguards requirement on grievance redress mechanism. The FBR shall disclose the proposed mechanism in public consultations during detailed design and in meetings during the construction phase.
30. Conclusion and Recommendation. Analysis of potential environmental impacts revealed no significant adverse impacts to people and environment from the proposed BCP improvement project. The IEE concludes that adverse environmental impacts arising from the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed project can be mitigated to less significant levels and the corresponding mitigation measures are doable. Monitoring can easily be done. The project can be implemented in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner.
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Project Background
31. Pakistan is strategically located in the heart of Asia thus providing the country with competitive economic potential to become the regional trade hub of significant importance. It provides a communication link to the two largest global economies, i.e. China and India; and is a natural transit hub for Afghanistan and other Central Asian States. Pakistan is also the gateway to the energy rich, financially liquid and economically advanced neighboring countries in Central Asia. This strategic advantage alone makes Pakistan a marketplace of countless economic advancement possibilities.
32. The Government of Pakistan requested the Asian Development Bank to finance the Border Services Improvement Project to provide improvement works on three (3) important border crossing points (BCPs), namely: Chaman, Torkham and Wagah. The 3 BCPs play an important and strategic role in Pakistan’s endowments and development potential. However, all of the three BCPs are facing significant economic and security obstacles which greatly impede the achievement of the desired development outcomes.
33. Torkham BCP lacks the necessary facilities and equipment to serve as efficient regional transport corridors and it can no longer process the current volumes of export, import and transit cargo and pedestrians.
34. The primary objective of the project is to provide both structural and non-structural interventions to address the inadequacies that are restricting trade operation and hampering full potential of the transit trade of Torkham BCP and Pakistan in general. By improving Torkham BCP operational capability, the Torkham BCP is expected to become part of a more active, progressive and improved regional transport corridors for Pakistan’s products to international markets.
35. Conclusion and Recommendation. Analysis of potential environmental impacts revealed no significant adverse impacts to people and environment from the proposed BCP improvement project. The IEE concludes that adverse environmental impacts arising from the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed project can be mitigated to less significant levels and the corresponding mitigation measures are doable. Monitoring can easily be done. The project can be implemented in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner.
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Need for the Project
36. Torkham BCP is currently chaotic and disorganized. Partly for cultural/ historical reasons, and partly due to poor infrastructure and lack of resources, the flow of people across the border is largely unchecked, yet delays for goods in transit are excessive.
37. Without addressing the security issue and the current poor infrastructures of Torkham BCP, it means lost opportunities for Pakistan and its neighbors as existing and forecasted volumes of transit cargo to/from the emerging economies of Central Asia, China and India constitute a sizeable portion of global trade.
38. New policies and strategies are being developed by the Government of Pakistan (GOP) to capitalize on the potential for increased transit trade. Among these strategies, the improvement of Torkham BCP is seen as a priority.
39. Current border crossing points are not fit for purpose because they can no longer process the volumes of export, import and transit cargo and pedestrians. Cargo dwell times are long and commercial trucks and pedestrians suffer long waiting times often in challenging climatic environments. Improved border crossing point infrastructure, equipment and procedures are required to reduce cargo dwell time and increase throughput. The benefits to traders and manufacturers in Pakistan will be lower transaction costs and more predictable export and import supply chains so they can get products to markets faster; this should help increase exports. For the project affected people and communities, the project will increase employment opportunities and intensify trading and commerce.
40. Current border crossings do not have the space to cope with the current volume of exports, imports and transit cargo, never mind coping with predicted future increases. They are a confusion of mixed traffics and pedestrians. The current border crossings lack modern good practice infrastructure and procedures. Customs and other border agencies lack appropriate equipment, ICT infrastructure and IT Systems that would help them make the border crossings more efficient, safer and more secure.
41. Under the proposed improvement project, the works consist of the provisions for (i) developmental works, (ii) buildings and (iii) colony/ accommodations. The goods consist of the provision of short-and long-term equipment and system for data connectivity, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Information Technology (IT), Security Equipment and Optical Technology.
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Purpose of the IEE and Methodology
1.3.1 Purpose of the IEE
42. The aim of the Project is to enable the potential benefits of improved trade and transit at Torkham BCP while ensuring that adverse social and environmental impacts are avoided or appropriately mitigated. The conduct of environmental assessment is an important component of the project in order to lessen the project’s negative impacts on the environment and most importantly to the people.
1.3.2 Methodology
43. In carrying out the project’s environmental assessment, a project screening was first undertaken to categorize the project in accordance with Appendix 1, Safeguards Requirements: Environment of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement of June 2009. Based on the project screening, the required environmental output was determined as Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). The IEE was undertaken through the specific methodologies described below.
1.3.3 Review of Project Related Documents and Literature
44. Project related documents were reviewed to gain understanding of the project and the specific components included. Of particular importance are the feasibility study and the field visit (environmental) reports. Project background and description as discussed in the IEE document were derived from these studies. Review of ADB safeguard policy statement and relevant national and local laws was also undertaken and discussed under the Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework (Section 2.0) of this report.
1.3.4 Data Collection
45. Data collection was done through project field visit, walk-through inspections, discussion with key government resource persons and donor agency representatives, web searches, and actual collection of socio-economic and environmental profiles from local governments in the study area. Particular importance in the primary data gathering are the inputs required in the preparing the description of existing environment and project site appreciation relevant in assessing project environmental and social impacts in accordance with the ADB safeguard policies and national and local environmental laws.
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1.3.5 Impact Prediction and Environmental Management Plan
46. The project area of influence in terms of impacts was delineated. Potential impacts of infrastructure development works and building construction were identified and classified as (1) construction phase and (2) operation phase. Impacts from dust, noise, construction wastes and accidental spillage of machine oil and lubricants, wastewater disposal on the construction site, pollution of surface waters and soil were analysed and mitigation measure were proposed. Management of the potential adverse impacts were addressed by formulating an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP contains mitigation measures that will address all relevant environmental measures in accordance with the requirements of the Government of Pakistan and of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
47. Analysis of the Do Nothing (DN) scenario and Do Something (DS) scenario was undertaken to highlight the relevance of the project and its social and economic importance.
1.3.6 Stakeholder Consultations
48. Stakeholders were identified which includes the local people or communities within the periphery of the BCP, the users of the BCP, local representatives, political agents, government officials, NGOs and the general public. Local consultations were undertaken with these stakeholders. The approaches adopted by the study team towards public participation are as follows:
. meeting the major users of the BCP through consultation with FBR key personnel and public meetings to solicit inputs and getting consensus on issues and propose mitigation measures; . consultation and public meetings with influential people of the districts, consultations with pedestrians and the public who are using the BCP; and . Interview with truck and bus drivers, roadside vendors.
1.3.7 EMP Implementation Planning
49. Responsible bodies, organizations and institutions in the EMP implementation were identified and their respective roles were discussed. Specific activities were enumerated and EMP costs were estimated and provided in this IEE. Information disclosure mechanism was also provided. In compliance with ADB social policy safeguards, grievance redress mechanisms were also discussed in this report. An EMP monitoring system taking into account the required EMP activities and programs as well as the monitoring parameters were spelled out.
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Proponent of the Project
50. Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), Government of Pakistan is the proponent of the Project and all planning and execution activities will be accomplished through a designated Project Director. Contact details are:
Name of Organization Federal Board of Revenue, Government of Pakistan Contact Person Project Director, Project Management Unit (PMU) CAREC- RIBS Project Address FBR House, Constitution Avenue, G-5, Islamabad Telephone 0092 51 9202673 Fax Number 0092 51 9202673 Electronic Mail Address [email protected]
IEE Team
51. The project is financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), therefore, an IEE was prepared during the Project Planning Phase for approval by the ADB in June 2015. The IEE was approved by the ADB and is available for information at this web linkhttps://www.adb.org/projects/documents/pak-regional-improving-border-services- project-torkham-bcp-improvement-jun-2015-iee. This IEE report is now updated /revised for disclosure by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).The team of this revised report is:
Mr. Shabir Ahmad Khan Environment Specialist PMC
Mr. Waqar Saleem Social and Resettlement Specialist PMC
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CHAPTER 2 – POLICY, LEGAL and ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
General
52. This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed project. The project is expected to comply with all national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan, and to obtain all the regulatory clearances required.
Legal Framework for Environmental Management
53. In Pakistan, the supreme document for environmental legislation and policy is the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The Constitution safeguards the fundamental rights as to life and health of a citizen. The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution, other known as Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, gives the provincial governments’ exclusive powers to legislate on the subject of "environmental pollution andecology".
National Environmental Regulatory Framework
2.3.1 General
54. Prior to the enactment of Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, the federal government had enacted the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997. Under this enactment, PEPA 1997 established a comprehensive framework for environmental management. The 1997 law, which is applicable to numerous forms of pollution, empowered the GOP to develop and enforce regulations to protect the environment. Among other things, Pak-EPA, 1997 included provisions for creating Provincial Sustainable Development Funds, establishing environmental tribunals, and developing an environmental impact assessment (EIA) system.
55. After passage of the 18th Amendment, this environmental management framework began to be replaced by institutions at the provincial level. Per the amended constitution, while devolution occurs, all environmental laws, regulations and other legal instruments having the force of law can "continue to remain in force until altered, repealed or amended by the competent authority."
56. Provinces have assumed their full responsibilities for environmental protection under the 18th Amendment, while the umbrella responsibility for regulatory enforcement rests with the Pak- EPA. In addition to overseeing PEPA 1997 implementation, Pak-
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EPA had functions that included environmental monitoring and the preparation of an annual national environmental report.
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
57. The Pakistan Environmental ProtectionAct (PEPA) of 1997 is the basic legislative tool empowering the government to frame regulations for the protection of environment. The Act is broadly applicable to air, water, soil and noise pollution, as well as to handling of hazardous wastes. Penalties have been prescribed for those who violate the provisions of the Act. The powers of the Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) were also considerably enhanced under this legislation. Both have been given the power to conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental laws either of their own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.
58. Specifically, Section 12 of this Act requires that every proponent of the project shall submit an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) before commencement of construction and operation of any new project which is likely to cause adverse environmental effects. Section 11 of Pakistan Environmental Protection (PEPA, 1997) prohibit the discharge or emission of any effluent or wastes to environment including hospital waste or air pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan. Other important sections in the Act dealing with various environmental protection issues are:
. Section 11: Prohibition of Certain Discharges & Emissions . Section 12: Review of IEE & EIA . Section 13: Prohibition of Import of Hazardous Waste . Section 14: Handling of Hazardous Substances . Section 15: Regulation of Motor Vehicles . Section 16: Environmental Protection Order . Section 17: Penalties . Section 20: Environmental Tribunals . Other major policy and legal acts on Environmental Protection in the country are: . National Environment Policy 2005 . National Energy Conservation Policy 2006 . National Sanitation Policy 2006 - approved . National Drinking Water Policy 2009 . National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for Municipal and Industrial Effluents, 2000 . NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emission, 2000 . Certification of Environmental Laboratories Regulations, 2000
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. Environmental Samples Rules, 2001 . Self-Monitoring & Reporting by Industry Rules, 2001 . Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board (Procedure) Rules, 2001 . Provincial Sustainable Development Fund Board (Utilization) Rules, 2003 . Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005 . Pakistan Biosafety Rules, 2005 . National Standards for Drinking Water Quality, 2010 . NEQS for Ambient Air, 2010 . NEQS for Noise, 2010 . NEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust & Noise (Amended), 2010
59. Under the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act 2010, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) is responsible for Islamabad and the "special areas", while provincial EPAs have not been delegated powers with respect to matters on the Federal List.
60. Under the latest issuance of the Pak-EPA (F.No. 1(A-1)/96-L/E dated 23 July 2014 (as presented in Annex 2), the territorial jurisdiction of Pak-EPA on "special areas" are clarified. As listed in Pak-EPA (F.No. 1(A-1)/96-L/E dated 23 July 2014, any project falling under Federally Administered Tribal Areas and boarder zone areas alongside the international boundaries among others will be dealt by Pak-EPA.
61. The Pak-EPA review of IEE & EIA under the Regulations 2000 defines the procedures for categorization, preparation, review and approval of environmental assessments reports of all developmental projects. Under these regulations projects have been categorized into Schedule I and Schedule II depending upon the nature and scale of environmental impacts.
62. Projects included in Schedule-I require initial environmental examination, whereas those included in Schedule-II require full scale environmental impact assessment. Under these circumstances, the proposed BCP improvement project shall be under the control and jurisdiction of Pak-EPA. This means that on matters related to the securing of environmental clearances. Pak- EPA has the rightful jurisdiction. Further, the BCP improvement project falls under Schedule-I and would require an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE).
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Interaction with other Agencies
2.5.1 Regulatory Clearances, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NWFP-EPA)
63. Although the proposed border improvement project shall be under the control and jurisdiction of Pak-EPA PEPA, the Federal Board of Revenue shall be likewise responsible forproviding the complete environmental documentation required by the NWFP-EPA and remain committed to the approved project design. The submission of the IEE will ensure that there will be no environmental deviation is incurred during project implementation without prior and explicit permission of the NWFP-EPA. The same IEE submission shall be the basis of the subsequent issuance of NOC by NWFP-EPA before the commencement of the project construction.
2.5.2 Provincial Governments/Federal EPA
64. The Federal Board of Revenue and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of provincial/district governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and other project ancillary component, and the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste, and toxic materials.
ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009
2.6.1 General
65. This IEE is prepared in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (ADB SPS). The SPS contains three main policy safeguard components, namely: Environment, Involuntary Resettlement, and Indigenous People. This report deals with the Environmental Safeguard Policy of the ADB SPS.
Screening and Categorization
66. This project falls under Category B as determined during the project screening activity done at the outset of this environmental assessment. This project will generate limited impact and risks to the existing environment, given the extent of planned development works. The impacts are limited and site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily. The type of assessment warranted is the preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report.
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IEE Compliance with Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles
67. In the preparation of the IEE, the Environmental Policy Safeguard policy principles were complied with. The policy principles and the consultant’s outputs in this document are summarized in Table 2.12.1.
Table 2.8.1: Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles and IEE Document Compliance Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles IEE Document Compliance 1. Use a screening process for each proposed The screening process placed project, as early as possible, to determine the the proposed project under appropriate extent and type of environmental Category B and calls for the assessment so that appropriate studies are preparation of Initial undertaken commensurate with the significance of Environmental potential impacts and risks. Examination(IEE) 2. Conduct an environmental assessment for each These are covered under proposed project to identify potential direct, indirect, Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of this cumulative, and induced impacts and risks to physical, report. biological, socioeconomic (including impacts on livelihood through environmental media, health and safety, vulnerable groups, and gender issues), and physical cultural resources in the context of the project’s area of influence. Assess potential transboundary and global impacts, including climate change. Use strategic environmental assessment where appropriate. 3. Examine alternatives to the project’s location, These are covered under design, technology, and components and their Sections 4.0 and 5.0 of this potential environmental and social impacts and report. Section 6.0 deals with document the rationale for selecting the particular the analysis of no project alternative proposed. Also consider the no project alternative. alternative. 4. Avoid, and where avoidance is not possible, Section 5.0 presents the minimize, mitigate, and/or offset adverse impacts and proposed impact mitigation enhance positive impacts by means of environmental measures while Section 9.0 planning and management. Prepare an environmental presents the EMP. management plan (EMP) that includes the proposed mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and reporting requirements, related institutional or organizational arrangements, capacity development and training measures, implementation schedule, cost estimates, and performance indicators. Key considerations for EMP preparation include mitigation of potential adverse impacts to the level of no significant harm to third parties, and the polluter pays principle.
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5. Carry out meaningful consultation with affected Section 7.0 discusses the people and facilitate their informed participation. consultation meetings Ensure women’s participation in consultation. Involve conducted. stakeholders, including affected people and concerned nongovernment organizations, early in the project preparation process and ensure that their views and concerns are made known to and understood by decision makers and taken into account. Continue consultations with stakeholders throughout project implementation as necessary to address issues related to environmental assessment. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding the project’s environmental performance. 6. Disclose a draft environmental assessment This document provides the (including the EMP) in a timely manner, before project environmental assessment appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and output and will be disclosed in language(s) understandable to affected people and a medium appropriate before other stakeholders. Disclose the final environmental project appraisal. assessment, and its updates if any, to affected people and other stakeholders. 7. Implement the EMP and monitor its effectiveness. The EMP provided in Section Document 9 presents the responsible monitoring results, including the development and Institutions in its Implementation of corrective actions, and disclose implementation as well as the monitoring reports. monitoring mechanisms and parameters. 8. Do not implement project activities in areas of The project activities are not in critical habitats, unless (i) there are no measurable areas of critical habitats. adverse impacts on the critical habitat that could impair its ability to function, (ii) there is no reduction in the population of any recognized endangered or critically endangered species, and (iii) any lesser impacts are mitigated. If a project is located within a legally protected area, implement additional programs to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area. In an area of natural habitats, there must be no significant conversion or degradation, unless (i) alternatives are not available, (ii) the overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs, and (iii) any conversion or degradation is appropriately mitigated. Use a precautionary approach to the use, development, and management of renewable natural resources. 9. Apply pollution prevention and control technologies Covered under Section 5.0 and practices consistent with international good dealing with environmental
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practices as reflected in internationally recognized impact mitigating measures. standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and “after Guidelines. Adopt cleaner production processes and good energy efficiency practices. Avoid pollution, or, when avoidance is not possible, minimize or control the intensity or load of pollutant emissions and discharges, including direct and indirect greenhouse gases emissions, waste generation, and release of hazardous materials from their production, transportation, handling, and storage. Avoid the use of hazardous materials subject to international bans or phaseouts. Purchase, use, and manage pesticides based on integrated pest management approaches and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. 10. Provide workers with safe and healthy working Covered under Section 5.0, conditions and prevent accidents, injuries, and subsection 5.3.6, Occupational disease. Establish preventive and emergency health hazards for construction preparedness and response measures to avoid, and workers where avoidance is not possible, to minimize, adverse impacts and risks to the health and safety of local communities. 11. Conserve physical cultural resources and avoid Covered under Section 5.0, destroying or damaging them by using field-based subsection 5.3.5, Cultural surveys that employ qualified and experienced experts Heritage Resources during environmental assessment. Provide for the use of "chance find" procedures that include a pre- approved management and conservation approach for materials that may be discovered during project implementation.
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CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Description of Project
Project Location
68. Torkham is located in the Khyber Agency of FATA, 50 kilometers from Peshawar. The FATAarea starts a few kilometers outside Peshawar at the important town of Jamrud when movingin the North West of Peshawar on the Grand Trunk Road. The location map is provided in Figure 3.1.1.
Figure 3.1.1: BCPs Location Map
Project Components
69. Torkham border crossing point in its current condition lacks infrastructure and equipment inthe form of administrative buildings for cargo and pedestrian processing, segregated entry and exitgates, priority (fast track) lanes, parking, secondary inspection areas, testing or detection equipmentsuch as baggage and vehicle scanning as well as the lack of information communication technology(ICT). The lack of adequate infrastructure and equipment result in long lines of queuing trucks,longer than required processing times and security concerns.
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70. The electric power required for construction and operation of the project is already available through TESCO (Tribal Electricity Supply Corporation), the water utilization is through ground water sources and building material, the stone is available in nearby hills, the sand is to be brought from Bara River about 20 Km, while the cement and steel are already available from local market or in large scale to be brought from industrial estate Hayatabad in Peshawar.
71. The proposed project is about the provision of improvement works and goods consist ofdevelopmental works, buildings, colony/ accommodation and equipment. The list of the proposedimprovement works and goods, is provided below:
Earthworks/ Approach Road/ Approach Road (3+3 Lane) Cement Road/ Fencing & Signage/ Overhead Water Reservoir/ Street Lights/ Flood Lights/ Developmental Weighing Bridge/ Parking Area/ Retaining Wall for Works Road/ Boundary Wall/ Toll Booth/ Toll Canopy/ Secondary Inspection Canopy/ Cargo Immigration Canopy/ Quarantine Shed/ Surface Drainage Works/ Solar / Power Supply Network.
Admin Center, Business Center, Passenger Terminal, SPS/ Quarantine Build, Customs Lab, Office Block, Perishable/ Cold Storage, Seized Structural Goods Warehouse (Import), Seized Goods/Cold Intervention Storage (Export), Closed Examination Area, Open Examination Area, C-Mart, Watch Tower, Canine Main Building, Canine Units Small, Toll Booth Single, Buildings Toll Booth Double, Bomb Disposal Squad, Canteen/ Prayer/ C-Mart/ Toilets/ Clinic (Import Yard), Canteen/ Driver's Rest Area (Export Yard), Public Toilets, Clinic, Guard Post, Substation, Mosque, Fire Station, Operator's Room, Facilitation Center, Gantry Scanner, Bomb Diffuse Chamber, DRC, Agent Hall, Power House (Import Yard).
Colony/ Not included in the design Accommodations
Short Term (Data Connectivity, ICT and IT Equipment Equipment and Security Systems)
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Long Term (Data Connectivity, ICT and IT Equipment and Security Systems)
72. The technical descriptions of the each of the proposed improvement works are presented below:
Ref. Item Unit Quantity 1 Development Works 1.1 Earthworks M3 2,320,953 1.2 Overhead Water Reservoir Each 2 1.3 Tube Well (700 to 800 feet deep) Each 2 1.4 Street Light 145 Watt LED Each 1,240 1.5 Flood Lights 50 Watt LED Each 630 1.6 Bridge m2 1,244
1.7 Parking Area (Tuff Pavers Min. 7000 PSI) m2 189,269
1.8 Retaining Wall for Road m 3,501 R.C.C Boundary Wall 1.9 200 mm thick Rm 3,135 700 mm thick Rm 1,005 1.10 Toll Booth (Pre Fab in uPVC) Each 24
Toll Canopy; over primary scanner import 1.11 m2 900 weighing, clearance, walk through and Toll Both.
R.C.C. footing, plinth beams and pedestal Import 1.12 3,000 = 1235 & Export = 1765
1.13 Steel structure m2 3,000 1.14 Electrical work m2 3,000 1.15 Surface Drainage Works m2 189, 269 1.16 Pedestrian walk way area m2 15,560 3 m Height Fence, 50 mm x 50 mm x 10 SWG G.I 1.17 m2 27,962 mesh, canopy 1.18 Weigh Bridge pcs 12 1.19 G.I Fence with G.I Pipes m2 27,962
1.20 Pavement 80mm concrete paver 7000 Psi m2 7,600
2 Buildings QTY Total Area m 2)
2.1 Admin Center 1 1,338.00 2.2 Business Center 1 1,340.00 2.3 Passenger Terminal 1 4,134.70 2.4 SPS/ Quarantine Building 2 990
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2.5 Customs Lab 1 339.6
2.6 Office Block 1 67.6 2.7 Perishable/ Cold Storage 1 856.9 2.8 Seized Goods Warehouse (Import) 1 1,677.60 2.9 Seized Goods/Cold Storage (Export) 2 3,355.20 2.10 Closed Examination Area 2 1,887.60 2.11 Open Examination Area 4 1,853.20 2.12 C-Mart 1 68.9 2.13 Watch Tower 21 781.2 2.14 Canine Main Building 1 173.4 2.15 Canine Units Small 2 116.8 2.16 Toll Booth Single 16 108.8 2.17 Toll Booth Double 8 108.8 2.18 Bomb Disposal Squad 2 488 Canteen/ Prayer/ C-Mart/ Toilets/ Clinic (Import 2.19 1 256 Yard)
2.20 Canteen/ Driver's Rest Area (Export Yard) 1 256
2.21 Public Toilets 1 44.5 2.22 Clinic 1 110.8 2.23 Guard Post 6 102 2.24 Substation 4 645.2 2.25 Mosque 1 223.5 2.26 Fire Station 1 369.6 2.27 Operator's Room 2 121 2.28 Facilitation Center 4 730 2.29 Gantry Scanner 2 3,220.00 2.30 Bomb Diffuse Chamber 2 144 2.31 DRC 1 239 2.32 Agent Hall 1 435 2.32 Power House (Import Yard) 1 440
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Figure 3.2.1: Project Development as Depicted in Image (59.31 Acres)
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73. Distribution of space requirements for the required improvement project is presented in Table below.
74. The proposed design and layout were crafted with the following objectives: (i) respect for local image, local aesthetics and building materials; (ii) consideration for fit for purpose function including user friendliness, law enforcement, making easy traffic flows and a productive building layout; (iii) environmental consideration including international good practice health and safety practices; and (iv) take into consideration the local and national economy. The schedule of areas is as follows:
Total Area Sr. No. Building / Zone (Acres) 1 Import Terminal 28.72 2 Export Terminal 23.49 3 Passenger Terminal (Including parking) 5.92 4 Primary inspection Area near Cement Road 1.18 Total 59.31
75. Currently, project cost for Torkham Border Improvement Project is estimated at US $ 120.9 Million (PKR 14,870,700,000). This cost includes funds for the integration and implementation of environmental management plan (EMP) in the overall project design to ensure compliance with safeguard requirements of ADB and the Government of Pakistan. EMP costs, especially those of site-specific EMPs to be undertaken during construction phase, will be incorporated into the Contractors` cost, while some will be built to specifically manage solid waste and wastewater during operation phase where funds shall be likewise allocated by the EA.
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CHAPTER 4 – DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
Description of Existing Environment
Topography and Soil
76. Topography and Soils . The Torkham basin is surrounded by mountains on all sides. The Peshawar–Torkham area has two major geographical divisions: (i) the rugged mountainous regions on the north and west, with one end touching the Afghan border, and (ii) the comparatively narrow strip of valleys along the Khwar bed. Descending from the hills and adjacent to the Khwar bed is a series of very productive agricultural areas. Most portions are surrounded by hills, which are steep on the northern and western sides. The main Torkham Khwar and its tributaries have steep slopes (and carry high sediment loads). These areas receive a fair amount of water through gravity channels, especially in rainy seasons, and are being used for patches of agriculture along the Khwar beds. The water catchment area of the rain-fed streams has been observed and classified as mountainous.
77. The roads pass through dry mountains and along the Khwar channel with slate and muddy type rocks. The terrain is marked with mountains having limestone as their major component, while sandstone, siltstone, and slate are also present in small amounts. The slate, limestone, and gravel are suitable for construction material and are available in the area, although their extraction entails high risks of landslides. The various patches from Peshawar to Torkham contain soils that are medium to moderately fine in texture. The topsoil is generally very thin silt. The sporadic rain on the mountains carries down quite fertile soil that spreads in the Khwar/khwar beds and valleys. The soil is generally hard, brittle, and rocky (with slate). The predominant rock consists of slate and limestone.
Geology
78. Geology and Seismology . The area is characterized by seismic activity. Mild tremors from the northwest Hindu Kush range have been felt at various locations and times in the past. The main seismic feature is the Main Mantle Thrust, which separates the Kohistan Island area to the northfrom the Indian Plate in the south. Earthquake epicenters are concentrated along this fault line. Occasional minor tremors are common in KP. However, the seismic map of Pakistan suggests that the Torkham area is located in an area with minor seismic activity and its probability of experiencing a high intensity earthquake is low.
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Climate
79. Climate and Meteorology . No meteorological station exists in the subproject area. Temperatures in the area typically follow a weather pattern of being mildly hot in summer and mildly cold during the brief winters. As the region is extremely mountainous, there are considerable variations in local temperatures. Maximum temperatures range from 15 to 20°C in winter to 40° C in summer. The monsoon rains usually start in June, peak in August, and end by September. Occasional heavy showers can take place during other months. The bulk of the rainfall usually comes between July and September. October and November are the driest months.
80. Climate parameters including mean max./ min. temperature, sunshine hour, wind speed and humidity data have been collected from Pakistan met. Department. Monthly climate parameters are tabulated in Table 4.4.1.
Table 4.3.1: MonthlyClimateParametersof Peshawar Mon t Relative Humidity Wind Speed Precipitati Sunshi Min Max h (%) (Knots) on ne Temp Temp 00 03 12 00 03 12 (mm) Hours (°C) (°C) UTC UTC UTC UT UT UT C C C Jan 80.2 78.8 49.1 4.4 18.6 1.2 1.6 2.2 40.9 183.2 Feb 78.1 76 42.1 7 20.1 1.5 2 4.6 60.1 181 Mar 79.4 75.1 43.9 11.8 24.4 1.9 2.1 5.1 80.7 195.2 Apr 74 66.8 38.7 16.8 30.6 2.1 2.1 6.4 62.1 238.2 May 60.9 51.3 29.8 22 36.7 2.4 2.8 7.8 22.6 290.8 Jun 60 51 30.4 25.5 40.1 2.8 3.4 8.5 20.4 289.1 Jul 73.4 67.9 47.8 26.6 37.7 3.7 4.2 8.2 58.3 263 Aug 80.8 77.2 56 25.9 35.9 3.1 3.6 7.4 77.1 247.2 Sep 79.3 75.2 49.6 23 35.1 2 2.6 6.2 29.4 252.9 Oct 78.2 73.6 46.6 16.3 31.2 1.1 1.3 3.2 22.1 262.2 Nov 78.6 76.5 53.3 9.9 25.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 13.8 223 Dec 80.6 79.1 55.3 5.3 20.5 1.1 1.5 1.3 19.9 152 Annu 75.3 70.7 45.2 16.2 29.7 2.0 2.4 5.2 507.4 2777.8 al Source:MonthlyClimateNormalof Pakistan(1981- 2010),PakistanMet.DepartmentKarachi,Jan,2013
Air quality
81. Ambient Air Quality . As there is no major population settlement or industrial activity in the area, air pollution is mainly due to vehicle emissions along the road corridor. Table 4.3.1 represent the project ambient air quality, i.e. with in the permissible limits (Original Lab Reports are presented in Annex 3).Further it is recommended that during project implementation, that is two weeks before start of construction and during the
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construction stage; monthly monitoring on ambient air quality shall be performed at selected locations to check against the national 24-hour PM10 value.
Table 4.4.1:Ambient Air Quality of the Project Area Sr No Parameter UoM 9 Average concentration NEQS 10 obtained Limits 1 CarbonMonoxide ppm 11 0 5 (CO) 2 Sulfur dioxide (So2) µg/m 3 1.41 120 3 Nitrogen Oxide (No) µg/m 3 1.05 40 4 Nitrogen dioxide µg/m 3 2.1 80 (No2) 5 Particular Matter µg/m 3 35 150 (PM10)
Water resources
82. Water Resources, Drainage, and Hydrology . There is no water storage facility in the Khyber Agency or its vicinity, so most of the water is received either from rainfall or melted snow through non-perennial Khwars, (khwars, streams, and seasonal outlets) that pass on to the downstream areas of the province and country. The melted snow and (at high altitude) rain are available only for a few months of the year, and therefore the water resource is very limited. Groundwater can be found at depths of 10–300m below the surface, and deeper, depending upon a number of parameters, the most important being the lateral distance from any Khwar or water body. Extraction of groundwater requires heavy duty electrically or diesel-powered pumps.
83. Agricultural cultivation and social forestry are found in isolated pockets where spring, surface, or groundwater is available. No detailed data is available on the quantity or quality of surface and/or groundwater along the project corridor.
Surface Water
84. Water Quality .The surface water quality testing was performed at site and the results are presented below in table below (Original Lab Reports are presented in Annex 3). The result below reveals that the water is fit for irrigation. While the water quality is not fit for drinking purposes with respect to biological analyses. This requires proper treatment like chlorination or passing through ultra violet rays etc. However, as the project has proposed the deep bore hole below the depth of 300 m, there definitely the water quality position will be good.
9Unit of Measurement 10 National Environmental Quality Standards 11 Parts per million
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Table 4.6.1: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water Sr. Parameters UoM Methods NDWQS 12 Standard Results No 1 Total Coli form Cfu/100mL EPA 0 2.2×10 2 2 E.Coli Cfu/100mL EPA 0 <1 3 pH -- APHA 6.5-8.5 8.02 4 Total Dissolved mg/L APHA <1000 283 solids (TDS) 5 Total Hardness as mg/L APHA <500 306 CaCO 3 6 Sodium mg/L FAAS 200 17.5 7 Potassium mg/L FAAS 12 2.5 8 Sulphate mg/L AOAC 250 47.1 9 Chloride mg/L APHA 250 12.6 10 Alkalinity mg/L APHA <500 254 11 Colour -- APHA Non-objectionable Complies 12 Odour -- APHA Non-objectionable Complies 13 Taste -- APHA Non-objectionable Complies 14 Nitrogen-Nitrates mg/L APHA 50 1.9 15 TSS mg/L APHA 5 ND
Forest Vegetation and Terrestrial Ecology
85. Flora . In general, the areas traversed by the project corridor are poorly vegetated and/or forested with quite minimal biological species. The project is located in arid environment. The series of mountains along the corridor has very little vegetative cover, due to a shortage of water and limited rainfall. Scattered plantations can be seen in patches due to increased rains in 2005, and vast rangelands provide brushy growth for grazing.
86. Forests in KP and especially in Khyber Agency are meager and are being depleted due to limited water supply, population pressures, illicit cutting, and overgrazing. The area is generally overgrazed and with a degraded vegetation of few trees and bushes, such as Acacia modesta and OIea cuspidate, and shrubs like Dodonea viscose and Monotheca buxifola. Degraded shrub vegetation is typically Reptonia buxiflia, Olea cuspidate, Pistacia integerrima, Nannorhops itchieananda, Bromus spp, Palosa (Acacia modesta), Sanatha (Dadonia viscosa) and Ber (Zazyphus jajuba). Eucalyptus species and Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) have also been found in Khwar valley beds. These are non-palatable for cattle but have become a good source of wood for fuel. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has listed 189 protected areas, including 10 national parks, 82 wildlife sanctuaries, 83 game reserves, and 14 unclassified areas in Pakistan that are privately owned and
1. 12 National Drinking Water Quality Standards
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are proposed or recommended for protection. These protected areas represent only nine (9) percent of the total land area. There are nine wetlands designated under the International Ramsar Convention on wetlands, to which Pakistan is a signatory. The project areadoes not have any forest or game reserve, wildlife sanctuary, or any protected area. No endangered species have been reported.
87. The rangelands and forests play an important role in the economy, as they supply firewood, habitat for wildlife, animal grazing, aesthetic value, and timber. Traditionally, lands and forests have belonged to the respective tribes in FATA/Khyber Agency, and these people had unrestricted access. They have had rights to collect fruit and to remove dead dry wood for domestic use with the permission of the Forest Department. They are to have first rights for employment and contracting opportunities, including to guard the forests. The area is to be permanently closed for grazing, and a footpath passing through the state forests will remain open for residents. According to a divisionalforest officer, an area of 800 acres was in forest reserve within Khyber Agency as of 1999–2000 having decreased from 900 acres in1997–1998. There is no protected forest/game reserve in the vicinity of the project.
88. There is a very thin tree density in the route from 7–22 km due to limited availability of water in Khwar/khwar. Forest and tree cover is barely seen in the area, except along the Kwhar bed, while greenery and agricultural activity are noted only alongside the Khwar belt. A fairly thin vegetation cover has been noted on these farms and alongside the Khwar. Due to inadequate water supplies, avenue plantations are lacking even on the existing roadside.
89. A very small portion of the population is engaged in agriculture mostlyalong the khwar/stream in the Agency. On the whole, agricultural resources are scarce and agricultural productivity is low. People involved in this sector follow an integrated farming approach that includes growing grain, vegetables, and fruits, as well as planting trees on farmlands. Wheat, tomatoes, okra, and Zeera (cumin seed) are the main crops. Grapes, apples, walnuts, almonds, peaches, and apricots are major fruits and nuts grown in the vicinity. People are nevertheless unable to meet even their own food requirements from their farms, and so staple food production is insufficient even for local use.
90. Terrestrial Fauna. The following animals have been reported in the literature in the area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwain different seasons and pockets and confirmed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and World Wildlife Fund: red monkeys (Macaca mulatto), wolves (Canis lupus pallipes), wild boars (Sus scrofa), markhor (sufaid, Kabul), leopards (Felispardus), black bears (Ursus torquatus), ibex (Capra aegagrus), rabbits, foxes (Vulpes rulpes), jackals (Canus aureus), porcupines (Hystrix indica), snakes, lizards, gray goral
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(Naemorhedus goral goral), common leopards (Panthera entellus), leopard cats (Felis bengalensis), Himalayan lynx (Felic lynx isabellina) and Pallas’ cat (Felis manul). Two species that are on the list of endangered animals are Afghan urial (ibex) and straight horn Kabul markhore (Capra falconi megaceros). Birds of many sorts are reported in the area, include various species of partridges (Franlinus sp), pheasants, chakur (Alectoris chukor chukor, Caccabis chucar), and sparrows. Some transitory birds, such as waterfowl, Sakar falcons (Falco cherrug), perigrene falcons, and Hobara bustards, (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenil), are also found in early winters and late spring. The last three species mentioned are highly endangered. Pleasure hunting for sport and meat is quite common. The region lies along a flight route for migrating waterfowl, cranes, and falcons from northern cold climates, but no protected wetland is found in the subprojectarea.
91. Livestock constitute an important component of the farming and social systems in the area. Every household and traveling nomad keeps a few animals, including cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, mules, asses, horses, camels, dogs, and poultry. Livestock provide some 30 to 40 percent of farm income for households. The livestock of farmers and of nomads (the latter of whom regularly travel to the higher altitudes in summer and to lower altitudes for the winter) all graze on unattended bushes and trees.
92. Aquatic Ecology . No aquatic ecology is present in the study area.
Human and Socio-Economic Conditions
93. The province is the western gateway of the subcontinent, a traditional route for merchants and travelers from Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe to the Indian subcontinent. These have included Alexander the Great, Tamerlane, Babur, and Ahmad Shah Abdali. It is claimed that this area is the source of Buddhist and Ghandara civilizations in the 5th and 6th centuries BC. The Khyber Pass has rich historical traditions, particularly as a communication route between east and west.
Demographic Profile
94. FATA has a unique governance status, whereby all land is owned by tribes inhabiting the areas since generations. Any physical activity hence carried out needs the agreement of the locals, as well as land donation by them. Since it is an egalitarian society, chances of elite capture are minimum and major decisions are taken by Jirga, the tribal administrative and management body.
95. The Malik (chief/elder) serves as an intermediary between the tribe and the political administration, in exchange for a regular allowance with which to meet social and leadership obligations. The more weapons at a Malik’s disposal and the more men he can command to bear arms when needed, the greater is his stature within the tribe.
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The “Jirgah” plays an important part in tribal society as a traditional mechanism for conflict resolution.
96. The population of the agency, according to the 2017 census is 986,973 persons, out of which 51% are males and 49% are female. Average household size is around 8.84 persons per family with an average annual growth rate of 3.15.
Table 4.9.1: Population Details of Khyber Agency 13 Households Population Male Female Sex Population 1998-2017 2017 Ratio 1998 Average Annual Growth Rate 111,558 986,973 505,475 481,487 104.98 546,730 3.15
97. Demographic information regarding the Study Area was collected during socio- economic survey carried out from January 09 to 11, 2018. Name of villages and their approximate population in the Study Area is given in Table below;
Table 4.9.2: Total Estimated Population Sr. No. Settlements/ Villages Population
1 Torkham 12,000- 15,000 2 KhandeKhel 4,000-5,000 3 Ashraf Khel 7,000 – 8,500 4 KhugaKhel 1,000 – 3,000 Total 24000-31,500
98. The project site is situated in Landikotal tehsil. Afridis and Shinwari are the main tribe of the project. However, Khoga Khel sub tribe of Shinwari is the main tribe in the project area having sub clans such Ashraf Khel, Kande Khel etc.
Public Health Facilities
99. There are four (4) hospitals in the Khyber Agency with combined capacity of 260 beds, as well as12 dispensaries with six-bed facilities. As of 2002–2003, Khyber Agency had one tuberculosis clinic with 10 beds, 12 basic health units, two maternal and child health facilities, and one leprosy clinic. The average population per bed is about 2,475 in the agency, with 266 hospital and dispensary beds. There were 36 male and four (4) female private medical practitioners in the agency in 2001. During
13 http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2 017.pdf
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100. 2001–2002, a total of 4,545 patients were served on in-patient bases and 25,870 on out–patient bases in Khyber Agency, and 1,050 operations were performed. More than 19,300 children were covered by an expanded immunization program in Khyber Agency during 2002.
Land Uses and Facilities
101. Land Use . The total reported area of Khyber Agency is 257,654 hectares, out of which 14,954 is cultivated, 245,704 is uncultivated, 2,040 are forests and 182,325 is not available for cultivation.
102. Agricultural use of land is limited in the region, due to the Rocky Mountains, steep slopes, lack of suitable plain land, and limited water supply except along the Khwar/streamsbed. Although the valleys could support more cultivated vegetation, such activity is not a prominent feature beyond a few kilometers out of Peshawar. This is due to a lack of interest in the community, limited water availability, and the nature of the employment structure (largely based on transport and commerce).
103. Tourism Potential . FATA area has a high tourism potential that is untapped due to problems related to accessibility as well as the law and order situation. The valley can attract such activities as trekking, mountaineering, hiking, hunting, horseback riding, cultural tourism, historical tourism, and pursuit of special interests in the cultures of indigenous people. The impressive mountain peaks could be important sightseeing destinations. Springs in various places could also be tourist attractions. The dominant ethnic group in the area is the Afridi and Shinwari tribes.
104. Land Tenure . No recent land settlement has been observed or occurred in the area along the new proposed alignment (with the exception of a 4 km overlapping segment). lt has been found that cultivated and other lands belong to the tribes, elders, or chief. Land holdings are becoming smaller with the passage of time due to traditional division among the family heirs. A segment of the land along the Khwar bed is used for agriculture and social forestry, while a large proportion of the land is unused, barren, and un-vegetated due to very limited water availability.
Infrastructure and Utilities in the Project Area
105. Roads and Highways .The roads in the area were mostly gravel surfaced (in some mountain areas, only narrow jeepable tracks). Except for the main Peshawar– Torkham highway, these require regular repair because of land, stone, and mud slides, as well as erosion of base materials. Torkham can be accessed by the N5 and N55 from Peshawar.
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106. Air Transportation .The country’s airline, Pakistan International Airlines, runs a few flights to Peshawar subject to weather conditions and deploys small aircraft. The proportion of the local population taking advantage of these flights is minimal since air travel cannot generally replace road traffic.
107. Telecommunication .The Torkham telephone department has a limited capacity for just a few telephone lines in the cities of Torkham, Landi Kotal, and Ali Masjid.
108. Water Supply and Sewerage System .Water is available in a few villages from surface and/or ground sources, and there is no information available as to its quality. There are piped water and sewerage facilities in Torkham, Landi Kotal, Michini check post, and Ali Masjid. However, the water has been tested and found unfit for human consumption according to World Health Organization standards. The rest have no access to appropriate drinking water and lack adequate sanitary facilities. Although some houses might have some forms of sanitation facilities, men and children generally relieve themselves in the open fields during the day while women must wait until after dark. Most urban wastewater and sewage is discharged untreated and directly into open drains that lead to khwars. These drains also act as rainwater channels, and their frequent overflow creates health hazards for residents—in particular for children who play nearby. Use of open drains for washing clothes and dishes is common. There are few wells and hot springs in the area.
109. There are 54,416 housing units in Khyber Agency, according to the 1998 census. Of this total, 13,107 use public-source piped water for drinking purposes, 712 use hand pumps, 22,274 use wells, 4,467 use pond water, and 13,856 depend on other sources. Completion of 96 water supply schemes during 1999–2000 provided service to 370,015 people, which represents 76.9 percent coverage.
Education
110. The literacy rate in Khyber Agency is 39.9 percent and 2.6 percent for males and females, respectively, with an average for both sexes at 22.96. There are 171 government primary schools for boys and 144 for girls. Of a total 33 government middle schools, 22 are for boys and 11 for girls. There are also 21 government high schools for boys and just 2 for girls. The student:teacher ratios in the agency’s primary, middle, and high schools, respectively, are 57, 27, and 6. There exists only one government higher secondary school and two degree colleges for boys. The agency has 5 mohallah schools and 37 mosque schools. Both of FATA’s elementary colleges are situated at Jamrud in Khyber Agency, one each for males and females. There is one vocational institute for males in Khyber Agency and no female vocational institute in the whole of FATA. The Khyber Agency also has one business college for boys.
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Energy Resources
111. Wood is used for cooking by 84.7 percent of urban housing units and 91.9 percent of rural units. Of the total, 39,310 households use electricity for lighting purposes, while 13,954 depend upon kerosene oil and 1,152 on other sources. As of 2000–2001, 15,310 connections were being provided by Tribal Electric Supply Company for domestic, commercial, industrial (557), and irrigations purposes. This figure was 15,296 in 1999–2000. A total of 578 villages were provided electricity during 2000– 2001. Access to electricity was 95% and 97% on sections 1 and 2 respectively.
Historical & Cultural Heritage
112. Archaeological Sites. There are many artifacts, buildings, and historical sites in the province representing the Buddhist, Muslim, and British eras. These include such things as check posts and forts. There are only a few sites in the vicinity, including the Buddhist remains in the Khyber Pass, a castle close to the border at Torkham, a historical underground hospital built by British authorities, and the archaeological site at Rehman Dheri. A partially collapsed Buddhist stupais located in the Rehmat Killi area adjacent to the existing road and separated by the railroad track. This important archeological site is representative of the significance of this ancient trade route. Art pirates dig illegally in this vicinity for archeological artifacts. There are no protected historically proven sites within 500 m of the Project corridor.
Communities and Stakeholders
113. Three major categories of project stakeholders were identified for the Torkham BCP:(i) government institutions who are involved in the management of border activities at Torkham (ii) border communities that reside or have commercial interests in the border environs (iii) frequent users of the border facilities.
114. The following are the identified key stakeholders:
. Border Managers (FBR, Office of Political Agent (Landi Kotal), Assistant Political Agent (Landi Kotal), and NLC)
. Border Communities (Jirga (communal land), residential and commercial DPs and women)
. Border user groups (truck drivers and pedestrians)
115. Consultations were conducted with all of these stakeholders using various social tools. The main objectives of these consultations were to gather the views of the stakeholders regarding the proposed border improvement plans and identify
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measures to ensure maximization of project benefits and minimization of project’s negative impacts.
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CHAPTER 5 – ANTECIPATED ENVIRONMENATAL IMPACTS AND MEASURES
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Project Area of Influence
116. In accordance with the Bank’s safeguard policies and procedures, the proposed Project is classified as the Category B Project. For environmental assessment purposes, the project is not expected to generate significant environmental impacts and is anticipated that environmental risks by the proposed project activities will be limited to the construction phase and will be mitigated by introducing appropriate mitigation measures.
117. The project will include infrastructure development works and building construction to improve existing border crossing point facilities. During construction phase, the implementation of the works will result to the generation of negative impacts from dust, noise, construction wastes and accidental spillage of machine oil and lubricants, wastewater disposal on the construction site, pollution of surface waters and soil. The EMP provides guidance on avoiding the use of hazardous substances, such as toxic paints, solvents or cleaning agents; and checks the potential impacts on different media of the environment.
118. The project area of influence is defined as an area proposed for all BCP facilities and an area of 1 km from all sides in exhibit below.
119. In carrying out the project’s environmental assessment, a project screening was first undertaken to categorize the project using the ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist (Annex 1) as a tool. Based on the project screening considering, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, the Review of IEE/ EIA Regulations 2000 and Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environment Safeguard Policy Statement of June 2009, the project is categorized as Category B and Schedule-I; and required environmental output was determined as Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). For environmental assessment purposes, the project is not expected to generate significant environmental impacts and is anticipated that environmental risks by the proposed project activities will be limited to the construction phase and will be mitigated by introducing appropriate mitigation measures.
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Figure 5.1.1: Torkham BCP Project Area 120. Management of the potential adverse impacts during the design phase, construction phase and operation phase of the proposed project shall be addressed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EMP contains mitigation measures that will address all relevant environmental measures in accordance with the requirements of the Government of Pakistan and of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Impacts due to Design/Pre-Construction Phase
5.2.1 Impact on private and public property
121. The area required to implement the proposed development project is 59.3 acres. The existing area being occupied by Torkham BCP is less than the required 59.3 acres. In this case, land acquisition is required.
122. Commencement of civil works on sections with land acquisition and resettlement impacts, is conditional to the full payment of compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation cash assistance and allowances, and provision of temporary alternative vending sites to displaced persons.
123. The project will have resettlement impacts on the following infrastructure due to acquisition of 59.3acres of communal land.
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Table 5.2.1: Total of Affected Structures Pacca, Sr. Pacca Steel Wood Description Katcah Katcha Total No. Structure Kiosk Kiosk and Wood 1 Shops 2 11 13 2 Tyre Shop 5 4 2 11 3 Hotel 8 8 4 Saloon 1 1 5 Tandoor 2 2 6 Rooms 5 5 Weigh 2 2 7 Station 8 Petrol Pump 1 1 9 Houses 2 1 6 9 Total 13 8 16 4 10 52
124. Mitigation Measure : Compensation of the affected infrastructure will be provided as per market price and ADB SPS, 2009. However, land should be acquired on lease to the local Khuga Khel tribe through Jirga. A land acquisition and resettlement action plan has been prepared to comply with statutory requirements of the Government of Pakistan on land acquisition and ADB’s social safeguard requirements. Displaced Persons (DPs) and stakeholders’ concerns and suggestions have been incorporated in the LARP. Consultation with DPs and other stakeholders will be continued during project implementation.
5.2.2 Potential geology-related and other natural events impacts
125. The project area is located within area with active seismic activities. During the design phase and the construction phase of all the physical structures proposed for the project, the structural integrity and stability of the structures will be designed to withstand major seismic events in the project site.
126. Mitigation Measure :The occurrence of any geologic-related and other natural events such as earthquakes and flooding areall beyond the control of the project. In order to minimize destruction in anticipation of their occurrences, incorporation of excellent structural design during design phase is highly recommended to comply with local and international engineering standards and protocols. Good design should also maximize the benefits the project will provide while minimizing dangers and risk once structures are constructed and operational.
5.2.3 Identification of Locations for Labour Camps and ancillary facilities
127. The duration of the construction activity for the proposed project is expected to be 40 months and a considerable amount of work force will be engaged. As a result, worker
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camps will need to be developed and ancillary facilities will need to be provided such as electricity, washrooms for labour with suitable effluent and sewage disposal facilities as well as water for their everyday use for drinking and bathing etc.
128. Mitigation measures: In order to prevent a nuisance, specific locations shall be designated near or within the proposed project area for development of the labour camps. All necessary facilities and amenities shall be provided in these camps such as electricity, sufficient supply of water, solid and liquid effluent waste disposal facilities etc.
129. The use of proper planning while identifying locations for the labour camps will ensure there is minimal disturbance and the labour camps are located at least 500m away from local community. The traffic should not be disrupted by labour camps being set up at the road side next to the construction site.
5.2.4 Development of Traffic Management Plan
130. The proposed project will be constructed on existing traffic routes. Construction activities along these routes are likely to cause hindrance in traffic flow if not mitigated properly.
131. Mitigation measures: A traffic management plan shall be prepared by contractor for approval from the Engineer. The finalized plan will be implemented by the Contractor prior to commencement of the project construction activity. The main objectives of the plan shall be to maximize the safety of the workforce and the travelling public while keeping the traffic flowing as freely as possible.
132. The detailed traffic plan shall ensure that traffic is diverted to alternate routes wherever possible and will minimize traffic jams and bottlenecks along the project corridor and also minimize the chances of traffic related accidents.
133. The plan shall include consideration of the following:
. Lane availability and minimization of traffic flows past the works site
. Establishment of acceptable working hours and constraints
. Agreement on time scale for works and establishment of traffic flow/delay requirements
. Acceptability of diversion routes where necessary
. Need for road closures and necessary orders
. Co-ordination with other planned road and street works
. Establishment of incident management system for duration of the works
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134. The plan shall be approved by the Engineer and FBR and necessary resources will be provided to implement the plan.
Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase
135. The summary of potential impacts during the Construction phase are provided in following Table.
Table 5.3.1: Summary of Possible Impacts during Construction Phase Sr. Environmental Potential Issue from Potential of Mitigation # Aspect Environmental Aspect Impact Measures 1 Ambient Air Dust emissions from site Dust emissions Regular water Quality preparation, excavation, expected at sprinkling on the material handling & work site and at exposed surfaces other construction closest key to reduce dust activities at site. receptors. emissions and However, minor proper and short-term maintenance of all impact equipment at expected which regular intervals to will be minimize impact of temporary in exhaust emissions nature. 2 Noise Noise generated from Noise levels Necessary control construction activities, expected to equipment and operation of construction vary during techniques to be machinery, equipment activity based applied to control and their movement. upon the nature noise levels and of work being limit their nuisance conducted. effects Impact expected to be short term in nature. 3 Water Quality Surface runoff from Minor negative Construction project site of Oil/fuel impact methods and and waste spills as well expected. techniques and as improper disposal of mechanism for debris and discharge of disposal of effluent sewage from labour to be designed for camp. proper drainage and control of discharge 4 Solid Waste Disposal of excavated Minor negative Proper solid waste soil, construction debris impact management and other waste expected. programme to be
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including domestic designed and waste, which can cause implemented soil contamination and other health and safety issues. 5 Land Use Cut/ fill on the project Minor negative Cut/ fill to be site. impact conducted as per expected EMP. 6 Soils Construction and Minor negative Necessary excavation activity impact measures to be leading to topsoil expected taken to replace removal and erosion. removed soil as per EMP. 7 Ecology Flora Habitat disturbance Project area is Necessary steps to & Fauna during construction mostly barren be taken to activity. land, which minimize ecological have scarce disturbance flora and fauna. wherever Minor and applicable, short-term particularly the impact prohibition of expected hunting and killing of animals. 8 Socio-economy Increase in job Overall positive Fair and opportunities expected impact transparent hiring for residents of Torkham expected policy must be and neighbouring areas. maintained for the Industry related to project. provision of raw Project materials expected to sustainability must boom. be ensured through The proposed project is regular and proper expected to increase the maintenance of aesthetic and landscape infrastructure. profile of Torkham. 9 Traffic pattern Vehicle movement and Minor negative Traffic possibility of traffic impact management plan congestion on the road. to be prepared and implemented one month before commencement of construction work
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Air pollution
136. Short-term impact from fugitive dusts and exhaust gasses that may be generated due to construction and vehicular activities is inevitable. Presence of heavy machinery and running of various kinds of vehicles and equipment at different construction stages and sites will inevitably generate exhaust gasses, dust, noise and vibration.
137. Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities include earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles, truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads, combustion of liquid fuel in equipment and vehicles, cut/fill, and concrete mixing and matching.
138. Vehicles carrying construction material are expected to result in increased PM levels near the haul roads. This can be of potential importance if the vehicles pass through the areas with a high concentration of sensitive receptors such as residential, health and educational institutions.
139. At the construction yard, the dust levels are also expected to increase due to unloading of construction materials. It shall be ensured that most of the excavated material will be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material to come from outside the site.
140. The pavement works will also generate gas and odour from the asphalt works and vibration from the compaction of the road pavement. Emissions from powered mechanical equipment will be high but is expected to disperse rapidly.
141. The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the day.
142. Mitigation Measure: Good construction practices and regular sprinkling of water at the exposed areas could easily mitigate and minimize this impact rendering this impact minimal. Water can be sprinkled by handheld sprays or with the help of automatic sprinkler systems as required.
143. The need for large stockpiles shall be minimized by careful planning of the supply of materials from controlled sources. Stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulins when not in use and at the end of the working day to enclose dust. If large stockpiles (>25m3) of crushed materials are necessary they should be enclosed with side barriers and also covered when not in use.
144. Construction materials that are susceptible to dust formation will be transported only in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emission during transportation. The speed
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of hauling trucks containing construction materials shall be pre-determined in order to minimize dust generation.
145. Aggregate material will be delivered to the batching plant in a damp condition, and water sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust emissions. The source wise fugitive control measures are provided in Table below:
Table 5.4.1: Control measures for Fugitive Dust emissions Source Control Measures
Earth Moving For any earth moving that is to take place in the immediate vicinity from the site boundary, watering must be conducted as required to prevent visible dust emissions
Disturbed Apply dust suppression measures (clear vegetation only from areas Surface Areas where work is to commence, plant or mulch areas that will not receive traffic, construct artificial wind breaks or wind screens) frequently to maintain a stabilized surface.
Areas that cannot be stabilized, such as wind driven dust, must have an application of water at least twice a day
Inactive Apply dust suppressants (clear vegetation only from areas where work Disturbed is to commence, plant or mulch areas that will not receive traffic, Surface Areas construct artificial wind breaks or wind screens) in sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface
Unpaved Roads Water all roads used for any vehicular traffic at least twice per day during active operations and restrict vehicle speed to 20 kmph.
Open Storage Apply water to at least 80 percent of the surface areas of all open Piles storage piles on a daily basis when there is evidence of wind driven fugitive dust or install an enclosure all along the storage piles
Track-out Wash down of construction vehicles (particularly tyres) prior to departure Control from site.
146. Vehicular & Equipment Emissions: It shall be ensured that the following measures are taken to control emissions from vehicles being used in the construction activity:
. Periodically check and conduct maintenance of the construction machinery and haul vehicles.
. Regularly change the engine oil and use new engines/machinery/equipment having good efficiency and fuel burning characteristics.
. Use of catalytic converters and low Sulphur fuels.
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. The stack height of generators will be at least 3 meters above the ground.
. Training of the technicians and operators of the construction machinery and drivers of the vehicles.
. Air quality monitoring at the project site during the construction phase.
Noise and vibration
147. Noiseand vibration will be generated from vehicular movement, excavation machinery, and asphalt/concrete mixing during the constructionphase. The associated potential impactsare required to be controled, primarily due to higher ambient noiselevels in addition to the typically short duration of each construction event and the distance to the nearest human settlement.
148. The potential for adverse noiseimpactsis also considered to be monitored during the evening and night–time periods due to lower ambient noise levels as compared with daytime conditions.
149. The main potential impact of high noiselevels (85dBA or more) will be on constructionsite workers. There are also occupational risks associated with the use of some construction equipment from the perspective of vibration emissions. Appropriate occupational health and safetymeasures will therefore be employed during construction works.
150. Noiseand vibration from constructionactivity may also disturb adjacent population and wildlife. The overall impact significance is categorised as moderate with moderate magnitude and medium sensitivity. The mitigation measures proposed below for human receptors are also considered relevant in reducing the potential impacts on nearby populaion and wildlife.
151. Mitigation Measure:
Use only vehicles and equipment that are registered and have necessary permits.
It shall be ensured that equipment noise is reduced at source by proper design, maintenance and repair of construction machinery and equipment. Also, noise from vehicles and power generators will be minimized by use of proper silencers and mufflers.
Equipment emitting excessive noise in comparison with other similar equipment will not be allowed to operate and will be checked to determine if it can be improved, and replaced with less noisy equipment as soon as practicable.
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Acoustic insulation shall be installed or portable noise barriers or hoardings shall be installed where practicable to limit noise to protect sensitive areas such as educational institutions, hospitals, residential areas etc.
Blowing of horns by the construction vehicles will be prohibited on the access road to the project site and at the site.
Construction work will only be carried out during daytime and occasionally in the evening up to 9 pm. If construction works continues overnight, care will be taken to keep noise within the night time limit of NEQS at the nearest receptor. The project area is almost faraway from population, therefore the impact might be insignificant.
Noise levels will be monitored on bi-monthly basis at the key receptors in the project area in order to take timely corrective measures, if needed.
Impose speed limits i.e 25 Km per hour on construction vehicles to minimize noise emission along areas where sensitive receptors are located (houses, etc.).
As much as possible, use quiet equipment and working method.
Provide prior notification to the community on schedule of construction activities.
Implement community complaints hotline.
Prior to commencement of construction activity, consultations will be organized with the key sensitive receptors along the project corridor such as hospitals, schools and hotels. Also, it shall be ensured as far as possible that construction activity near schools is conducted during their vacation period. In the project area no any receptor will be find except the Restaurants. The Restaurants are generally closed at night. However care should be taken in all respect.
Water and soil pollution (from domestic waste water and construction hazardous materials)
152. Water and soil pollution is possible from the direct discharge of domestic waste water that may be generated by construction workers and indiscriminate handling and disposal of hazardous construction materials.
153. Mitigation Measure : In order to prevent pollution from construction activities, the following measures need to be taken and should form part of contract conditions and specification works;
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. All toxic and hazardous material required for construction shall be stored and secured;
. Vehicles and equipment should be maintained in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel;
. All workshops will have waste disposal bins to store hydrocarbons from filters, rags, waste oil for disposal at approved locations;
. Sanitations arrangements will be made at worksites, workers campsite, and any accommodation facilities provided for all workers, ensuring that no raw sewage is released into drains;
. The locations and sewage treatment methods for sanitation facilities shall be indicated on specific plans submitted for approval prior to the commencement of works;
. Suitable treatment may be used of pit latrines, in which case plans should include details of the pit volume related to expected level of use, plugging of used pits with soil (to allow for natural treatment of the waste overtime) and siting (at least 20m from water ways.) Waste handling and spill response
154. Construction activities will generate solid and liquid wastes. Predicted wastes include waste of construction materials, communal waste, machine oil, etc. Solid waste may be generated during construction of project structures. Significant quantities of rock and soil materials may be generated from earth moving during construction activities. Improper handling of on-site wastes and response to spills, excavated soil materials and other types of waste could result in negative effects on the local environment including groundwater, surface waters, soil and local residents.
155. The Contractor is required to manage all solid wastes that will be generated by the project construction. Some wastes associated with construction include unused and excess material generated during site excavation, site clearance, construction, and renovation activities. These wastes may be rubble (concrete, bricks, and asphalt), wood and wood products, plaster, metals, plastics, and insulation. If not properly handled and disposed of, these materials may cause adverse effect to the environment and nuisance to the nearby communities.
156. Mitigation Measure: minimizing the final volume of wastes to be disposed of at the municipality’s dumping site. To further minimize wastes and conserve resources, the contractor shall practice sound purchasing decisions to effect waste minimization and resource optimization (just buy the necessary and the write quality and volume/amount).
157. To properly manage these materials, the Contractor shall employ reuse, recycling and salvaging of useful materials from these construction wastes. This is very effective in
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158. Hazardous materials that are to be stored at the construction site shall be properly handled and stored. Storage of these hazardous materials should be kept in storage buildings (with secondary containment and hard stands) located away from the active construction zone. Examples of these hazardous materials typically found at construction sites are petroleum products (lubricating oils and greases), fuels (gasoline, kerosene), solvents, paints, batteries, and miscellaneous equipment maintenance supplies.
159. Periodic on-site audits of waste management will be undertaken along with auditing of waste disposal contractors and disposal facilities on regular basis to check that procedures are being followed.
160. Records of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed, recycled or reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register.
161. Licensed waste contractors will be engaged to dispose-off all non-hazardous waste material that cannot be recycled or reused.
162. After completion of works the site should be restored as planned in the design. All wastes and machinery should be removed from the location.
163. Temporary stored construction materials at the project site should be protected from weathering and if possible, longer storage shall be avoided for proper construction management and housekeeping. Hazardous materials such as paints, lubricants, oils should be kept on impermeable surfaces to avoid ground contamination in case of spillage. Handling with these materials should adhere to the instructions described on Material Safety Data Sheets.
Cultural Heritage Resources
164. Reconstruction/construction may affect possible uncover archaeologically or culturally significant findings. Consideration of such concerns is provided in the works contracts that will include requirements that the contractor is obliged to look for chance finds and immediately stop the construction work at the contested location and alert the responsible authorities in case of chance finds.
165. Although there are few historical and cultural sites in Torkham and vicinity, however, these historical sites are located away and not within the 500-meter radius of Torkham border crossing, therefore, these properties will not be affected.
166. Also, there is no protected area found within and around the project site.
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167. Mitigation Measure:
168. If evidence of any archaeological remains is found during the construction activities, the excavation work will be stopped immediately and Ministry of Culture will be tapped for further analysis and recommendations. The Chance find procedure is Annexed as Annexture - 5.
Occupational health hazards for construction workers
169. If construction activities do not adhere to strict procedures on occupational safety, impact on the safeties of construction workers will be negative. Accidents and hazards may occur on site thus there are risks facing both skilled and unskilled workers. These hazards may also be experienced in adjoining communities in activities that would generate noise, pollution and dust; hence, construction activities would have to adopt proper measures to ensure public health and safety. Another factor is whether safeguards are in place to secure the project site from outsiders and ensure that petty crimes such as theft, trespassing and other forms of illegal entry are prevented. Under strict enforcement of safe conditions on-site and off-site, the impact to occupational health hazard would be nil.
170. Mitigation Measures : When earth-moving activities are undertaken, the workers must be outfitted with the standard safety gears for protection as part of Contractor’s safety policy on Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) and oriented on the standard safety and emergency measures that will be implemented. The safety gears and orientation of workers should ensure minimization and/or prevention of accidents caused by moving machines and altered terrain. Suitable sanitation facilities will be provided at work places. Sufficient water supply will be maintained at construction camps to avoid water-related diseases and to secure workers health. Health education and preventive medical care will be provided to workers including education on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (AIDS/HIV) prevention. The Contractor should conduct routine medical check of workers and to monitor avoidance of communicable diseases.
171. The General and Special Conditions of Contract as well as the Technical Specifications are part and parcel of the Construction Contract. In these documents, provisions for the safety of the public and the workers within the construction area should be stipulated.
Accidents and Hazards
172. Accidents and hazards are unplanned or extraordinary event which is caused by indolence, when partial or complete absence of process control is presented, during limited space and time period. This may have negative impacts on the human health
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and the environment. Accidents and hazards could influent adversely the quality of watercourses, groundwater, soil and ambient air. Accident and hazard can be affected the border crossing in both phases, construction and operation phase.
173. Causes for such risks may be accidents with the transport and other vehicles circulating in the border crossing area, as well as the presence of explosive, flammable, corrosive, infectious and other substances transported by shipment. Upon extraordinary conditions spills and leakage could appear which may further contribute to the creation of:
. Fire and explosions;
. Soil, air and pollution of surface and ground water;
. Jeopardy of human and material wealth;
. Destruction of the road and facilities.
174. Similar accidents could be initiated by prolonged stay of the shipments at the parking areas, at which suitable protection measures have not been applied, especially in summer conditions.
175. Mitigation Measure: To identify and predict such risks, a plan for hazard control should be developed and attached to the technical documentation. Similar plan should be developed for firefighting. The construction site shall be fenced off in order to protect the passing public from any untoward accidents caused by construction activities. When earth-moving activities are undertaken, markers aimed at warning people against going into or near the construction site should be installed at strategic location near the project site. The markers should prevent accidents caused by moving machineries or altered terrain.
Employment Conflicts
176. The proposed project is not likely to create any significant permanent job opportunities. Even unskilled and semi-skilled employment opportunities that are likely to be created will be for a short period while the project is constructed. As persons with relevant skills may be available locally (Torkham/ Khyber Agency) or from Peshawar, people from the project area are likely to fill a significant number of the semi-skilled and skilled jobs.
177. This issue of provision of jobs can become particularly problematic if it is perceived by the local population that a significant number of construction-related jobs opportunities are not given to people from the local community. This can result in friction between local residents and construction workers from outside of the community.
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178. The understanding of ‘local’ needs to be clear as being residents of the project area (i.e. Torkham/ Khyber Agency and Peshawar). These Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will be given priority for construction jobs as long as they possess the minimum skills for such a job.
179. Mitigation measures: The Construction Contractor will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Prior to the commencement of the construction activity, the local communities in the project area will be informed of the employment policy in place and number of people that can be employed for this project.
180. It will be ensured that maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be provided to the residents of Torkham/ Khyber Agency and Peshawar.
181. Contractor will ensure a balanced process of employment of the communities in the project area with preference given to those most directly affected by the project.
Vegetation and Wildlife Loss
182. No major change is expected in the habitat of the natural flora or fauna. There will be no tree to cut for the project construction. Small readjustment of place may be made by some birds and rodents.
183. The impact of project activities on the wildlife in the area is likely to be insignificant as the area has a long area of human occupation, to which most of the animal species have adapted over time.
184. Mitigation measures : Wherever trees have to be felled, mitigation will be required in the form of reinstatement and compensatory planting. Soft landscaping shall be installed to improve the appearance of the completed works.
185. In case existing trees and topsoil (down to 0.5 meters) is removed, the top soil shall be retained for elsewhere in the project. The wood that would be cut will not be burnt on site. It will be ensured that wilful killing, trapping and trade of faunal species will be strictly prohibited.
186. Tree plantation will be undertaken at the project site to compensate for the vegetation lost during construction in the minimum ratio of 5:1 i.e. 5 saplings to be planted for every tree felled given the possible difficulties with establishing trees and low survival rates of young trees. Burning of vegetation as fuel will be prohibited.
Traffic Concerns
187. The work areas shall be isolated and shielded to minimize road encroachment, contain dust and noise, and provide protection for pedestrians.
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188. Mitigation measures: The following measures shall be implemented by the contractor to address impacts to traffic flows and access to properties:
. Before site works commence, a Traffic Management Plan for the construction phase shall be reviewed by construction supervision consultant (CSC), FBR and NLC officials. The plan shall be designed to ensure that traffic congestion due to construction activities and movement of construction vehicles, haulage trucks, and equipment is minimized. The plan shall be prepared in consultation with FC officials and people’s committees at community levels. The plan shall identify traffic diversion and management, transport mode for spoils disposal (e.g., trucks etc.), define routes for construction traffic from materials storage/parking areas to construction site and from construction site to waste disposal locations, traffic schedules, traffic arrangements showing all detours/lane diversions, modifications to signalling at intersections, necessary barricades, warning/advisory signs, road signs, lighting, and other provisions to ensure that adequate and safe access is provided to motorists in the affected areas.
. Provide signs advising road users that construction is in progress and that the road narrows to one lane using cones.
. Employ flag persons to control traffic at the work sites for safety reasons when construction equipment is entering or leaving the work area.
. Lanes shall be created through the work site using rope or flagging to minimize risks and injuries from falling objects.
. Post traffic advisory signs (to minimize traffic build-up) in coordination with local authorities and FC officials.
. Provide road signs indicating the lane is closed 500 m before the worksite.
. Use traffic cones to direct traffic to move to the open lane.
. Provide sufficient lighting at night within and in the vicinity of construction sites.
. Regularly monitor traffic conditions along access roads to ensure that project vehicles are not causing congestion.
. Define and observe schedules for different types of construction traffic trips (e.g., haulage of spoils, delivery of construction materials, etc.).
. As much as possible, schedule delivery of construction materials and equipment as well as transport of spoils during non-peak hours.
. Avoid movements of noisy vehicles during night-time in vicinity of sensitive receivers.
. Implement suitable safety measures to minimize risk of adverse interactions between construction works and traffic flows through provision of temporary signals or flag controls, adequate lighting, fencing, signage and road diversions.
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. Ensure relocation of any affected public transport infrastructure (but stops, shelters etc.) prior to commencement of works
. Provide advance notification to the community regarding changes to public transport facilities or routes.
. Schedule construction works to minimize extent of activity along linear construction site at any one time.
Impacts and mitigation measures during operation phase
189. The impacts in the operation phase are critically important since the impacts in the operation phase of the project are ‘long term’. The summary of potential impacts during the Operation phase are provided in the following Table:
Table 5.14.1: Summary of Possible Impacts during Operation Phase Sr. Environmental Potential Issue from Potential of Mitigation # Aspect Environmental Aspect Impact Measures 1 Ambient Air Particulate and gaseous No significant Negligible Quality emissions from buses impacts with negative impacts. project related increment to baseline ambient quality within acceptable limits 2 Noise & Noise resulting from No significant Negligible Vibration movement of trucks impact at the negative impacts. sensitive receptors along the project corridor. 3 Water Quality Oil/fuel and waste spills. No significant Wastewater Discharge of sewage. adverse impacts treatment at BCP Discharge of expected. No will be installed to contaminated storm wastewater mitigate the water. discharge impact. outside the premises to the nearby water source. 4 Solid Waste Improper disposal No negative Proper waste impact expected. management plan to be implemented 5 Biological Land use Change No negative - Environment impact
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6 Traffic pattern Improved roads without Positive impact - any obstruction 7 Adaptability of Improved facilities and Positive impact - Public Crossing better sitting BCP to new arrangements and visa conditions processing time without any obstruction
Air pollution
190. During the operational phase of the border crossing exhaust gasses emitted from the traffic and dust due to vehicular activities will be the permanent polluters of the ambient air. During the operation phase, mobility of the vehicles in the area will increase due to better service, thus dust pollution will tend to increase.
191. During operation phase, increased number of incoming and outgoing vehicles crossing the border is expected to increase, considering an improved security system, faster queuing time of migrating trucks and continuing unpaved road conditions. Relative to this there will be potential increased of vehicle emissions and dust generation at the project site.
192. Mitigation Measure: To mitigate this impact, the government of Pakistan should conduct tree planting activities within the vicinity of the project site to serve as barriers and absorbers of vehicle emissions. In addition, all vehicles crossing the border should be required to be subjected to emission testing and regular maintenance to be monitored by the implementing government agency of Pakistan.
193. Ambient air quality monitoring in the future shall be regularly monitored to check compliance with the standard limit of air pollutants for ambient air as set by the Ministry of Environment of Pakistan to abate increasing air pollution problem within the project area and the country in general. Table below listed down the National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air.
Table 5.15.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air Time- Concentration in Ambient Method of Pollutants Weighted Air Measurement average Effective Effective from 1st from 1st July 2010 January 2013 Sulphur Annual 80 µg/m 3 80 µg/m 3 Ultraviolet Dioxide average* Fluorescence (SO2) 24 hours** 120 µg/m 3 120 µg/m 3 method
Oxides of Annual 40 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 Gas phase Nitrogen as average Chemiluminescence
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(NO) 24 hours 40 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 Oxides of Annual 40 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 Gas phase Nitrogen as average Chemiluminescence (NO 2) 24 hours 80 µg/m 3 80 µg/m 3 O3 1 hour 180 µg/m 3 130 µg/m 3 Non dispersive UV absorption method
Suspended Annual 400 µg/m 3 360 µg/m 3 High volume Particulate average sampling Matter (average flow rate 24 hours 550 µg/m 3 500 µg/m 3 (SPM) not less than 1.1 m3/min) Respirable Annual 200 µg/m 3 120 µg/m 3 β ray absorption Particulate average method Matter, PM 10 24 hours 250 µg/m 3 150 µg/m 3
Respirable Annual 25 µg/m 3 15 µg/m 3 β ray absorption Particulate average method Matter, PM 2.5 24 hours 40 µg/m 3 35 µg/m 3 1 hour 25 µg/m 3 15 µg/m 3 Lead, Pb Annual 1.5 µg/m 3 1 µg/m 3 ASS method after average sampling using 24 hours 2 µg/m 3 1.5 µg/m 3 EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper Carbon 8 hours 5 µg/m 3 5 µg/m 3 Non-Dispersive Monoxide (CO) Infra-Red 1 hour 3 3 10 µg/m 10 µg/m (NDIR) method Note: *annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. ** 24 hourly/ 8 hourly values should be met 98% of the in a year, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
Noise and vibration
194. During the operational phase, the noise from the vehicles will be constantly present at the border crossing, as a result of the increased frequency of transport means.
195. Mitigation Measure : Restriction of unnecessary vehicular activities in the area will also mitigate this impact. In order to improve aesthetics and help control air and noise pollution within14 the vicinity of the project, it is recommended to undergo tree planting at surrounding vicinity. Maintenance of plantations will be ensured to serve as live
14 Statutory Notifications (S.R.O.), Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment, The Gazette of Pakistan, Islamabad, the 18th of October, 2010, published November 26, 2010.
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screens for sustainable environmental protection. All plantations will be strictly monitored & maintained.
196. A set of standards for noise are also formulated to control noise pollution especially during construction and operation phases of all proposed developments. Table below shows the National noise quality standards of Pakistan.
Table 5.16.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 6 Serial Effective from 1 st July Effective from 1 st July No. Category of 2010 2012 Area/Zone (Limit in dB(A) L eq) (Limit in dB(A) L eq) Day Time Night Time Day Time Night Time 1 Residential area (A) 65 50 55 45 2 Commercial area (B) 70 60 65 55 3 Industrial area (C) 80 75 75 65 4 Silence zone (D) 55 45 50 45 Note:
1. Day time hours: 6:00 am to 10:00pm. 2. Night time hours: 10:00 pm to 6:00am. 3. Silence zone: an area not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts.
Water pollution
197. During the operational phase, the project will not require plenty of water for the domestic water needs of facility employees. Improper discharging without mitigation however could result to adverse impacts on underground water.
198. Mitigation Measure: Multi-chambered septic tanks could easily treat generated domestic wastewater of employees. The generated wastewater must comply and fall within the effluent quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment of Pakistan through a wastewater treatment facility prior to its discharge to the receiving environment. There is however, absence of perennial surface water within and at the vicinity of the project site and effluent discharges would just evaporate to the atmosphere in due time especially during hot season. For reference purpose, Table below has listed down the national effluent quality standards set for municipal and industrial wastewater.
Table 5.17.1: Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standard for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents Revised Standards Sr. # Parameter Existing Into Inland Into Sewage Into Sea Standards Waters Treatment 1 Temperature (ºC)* 40 ≤3 ≤3 ≤3 2 pH value 6-10 6-9 6-9 6-9
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3 Biochemical Oxygen (1) , 80 80 250 80** Demand (BOD)5 mg/L 4 Chemical Oxygen Demand 150 150 400 400 (COD) (1) , mg/L 5 Total Suspended Solids 150 200 400 200 (TSS), mg/L 6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 3500 3500 3500 (TDS), mg/L 7 Oil and Grease, mg/L 10 10 10 10 8 Phenolic compounds (as 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 phenol), mg/L 9 Chloride (as Cl), mg/L 1000 1000 1000 SC*** 10 Fluoride (as F), mg/L 20 10 10 10 11 Cyanide (as CN) total, mg/L 2 1 1 1 12 An-ionic detergents 20 20 20 20 (MBAS) (2) , mg/L 13 Sulphate (SO4), mg/L 600 600 1000 SC*** 14 Sulphide (S2), mg/L 1 1 1 1 15 Ammonia (NH 3) 40 40 40 40 16 Pesticides (3) 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 17 Cadmium (4) , mg/L 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 18 Chromium (trivalent and 1 1 1 1 hexavalent) (4) , mg/L 19 Copper (4) , mg/L 1 1 1 1 20 Lead (4) , mg/L 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 21 Mercury (4) , mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 22 Selenium (4), mg/L 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 23 Nickel (4) , mg/L 1 1 1 1 24 Silver (4) , mg/L 1 1 1 1 25 Total toxic metals, mg/L 2 2 2 2 26 Zinc, mg/L 5 5 5 5 27 Arsenic (4) , mg/L 1 1 1 1 28 Barium (4) , mg/L 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 29 Iron, mg/L 2 8 8 8 30 Manganese, mg/L 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 31 Boron (4) , mg/L 6 6 6 6 32 Chlorine, mg/L 1 1 1 1 Explanations: 1. Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attract progressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means, for example that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent. 2. Methylene Blue Active Substances; assuming surfactant as biodegradable. 3. Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. 4. Subject of total toxic metals discharge should not exceed level given at S.N. 25. 5. Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD5=80 mg/L is achieved by the sewage treatment system. 6. Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important estuaries.
*The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more that 30C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not
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1. Dilution of liquid effluents to bring them to the NEQS limiting values is not permissible through fresh water mixing with effluent before discharging into the environment. 2. The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the effluent for calculating the NEGS limits.
Biological Environment
199. No significant impacts are expected to the biological environment from the operational phase of the project.
200. Mitigation measures: Proper landscaping shall be conducted to especially near admin block. The selection of the plant species shall be done on the basis of their adaptability to the existing geographical conditions and the vegetation composition of the region.
Traffic Concern
201. BCP project is all about regulating the traffic to and from BCP for better imports and imports. The traffic flow will be smooth and efficient resulting in reduced delay times etc.
Adaptability of Public Crossing BCP to New Conditions
202. In general, the proposed project will play a key role in reducing BCP crossing time and resulting congestion in existing BCP and basically improve the overall processing time for both humans and cargo make it safer and more efficient.
203. Mitigation measures: Improvements to sighting angles and improved warning signage, walking direction signage and road markings may be included at the detailed design stages.
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CHAPTER 6 – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Analysis of Alternatives
204. In this IEE, only two possible alternatives are considered. The Do Nothing (DN) scenario and Do Something (DS) scenario. Torkham BCP is subjected in the analysis of these 2 alternatives.
205. The DN scenario includes no infrastructure improvements to the existing border crossing point will be implemented. Torkham BCP appraisal under the Feasibility Study15 cited the following challenges that need to be addressed:
. Absence of blast protection walls or concrete blocks along traffic lanes. . Lack of road traffic management; no segregated truck export and import lanes and no lanes for pedestrians. . Insufficient area and task lightning. . No barriers to keep inbound and outbound pedestrians separate. . Absence of a good and reliable CCTV system. . Absence of perimeter fencing in parking areas. . There is no armoury for safe keeping of arms and ammo. . The helipad is 3 km away but devoid of necessary navigational landing equipment, firefighting and medical equipment or ambulance. . There are no hand-held metal scanners for pedestrian lanes or entrance to main administrative office building and to other areas. . Absence of PA system. . Absence of emergency alarms. . Absence of a good and reliable telecom system which is common to all border agencies. . Absence of Hesco bags outside buildings or traffic lanes. . Absence of firefighting equipment/mechanism. . Absence of Hydraulic barriers for stopping vehicles. . No proper pneumatic gates to entrance. . No proper access control system to the buildings. . Poor surveillance. . Lack or absence of good procedures, drills and SOPs. . There is no intrusion detection system of any sort. . Access control is manual. . Staff are not trained on security related issues.
15 TA – 8405 PAK: Improving Border Services Project Final Report, Asian Development Bank, July 2014, p.70
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. Absence of Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear scanning equipment (CBRN in the exit and entry traffic lanes). . Absence of Narcotics Particulate Trace Detection Equipment. . Absence of Vehicle Number Plate Scanning Equipment. . Absence of explosive, narcotic, biological, cigarette and currency sniffer dogs, kennels and veterinary support facilities. . Absence of Hand-held explosive and narcotics Vapour Tracing Equipment. . Absence of Bio-data reading and collection equipment. . Absence of iris recognition equipment (long term) . Absence of RFID tags/scanners and allied equipment. . Absence of Quarantine areas. . Absence of pedestrian luggage back scatter colour scanning equipment . Absence of Hand-held Metal detectors. . Absence of Walk-through gates. . Document and Currency scanning equipment. . Absence of Walk-through Explosive and narcotic trace detectors. . Absence of drug testing kits. . Absence of vehicle and cargo back scatter and color X-Ray scanning equipment.
206. Under the DN condition, the existing problems will persist and economic development is arrested not only in Pakistan but of the neighboring countries as well. This is inconsistent with the global trading frameworks envisioned under the World Trade Organization (WTO) conventions on international market access. At the BCP level, time delays of transport vehicles transporting goods for the cross-border market will only worsen.
207. The DS scenario is comprised of various BCP components that would modernize system procedures and technologies in border crossing, expedite travel time, promote safer border crossing security, and improve market access of agricultural and industrial products of both the GoP and the cross-border trading country. With the improvement in good practice infrastructure and equipment combined with international good practice export, import and transit procedures, the authorities have an opportunity to reduce the time to market for Pakistan exports. This will result to a more predictable supply chain which will largely benefit Pakistan companies that are dependent on using imports to manufacture products for the domestic and export market.
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CHAPTER 7 – INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation
Introduction
208. The proposed border crossing point improvement project has been under study since 2006. It can be assumed that project has been exposed to the public especially that BCP improvement related projects are listed as one of the national priority projects by the Government of Pakistan.
209. At a local level, the Federal Board of Revenue (as the Executing Agency) shall make efforts to inform the general public, elected representatives, local councilors and informal and formal community leaders including members of non-government organizations (NGOs) about recent development of the BCP improvement project. Various stakeholders at the ground level will be allowed to share their perceptions about the project and about the likely impacts of the Project during construction and operation phases.
210. Generally, public information campaign and public consultation are being undertaken with the following objectives:
. To share the information about the proposed project, its components and activities with affected people; . To obtain cooperation and participation of the general public in Project planning and implementation processes; . To establish accessible and effective grievance redress procedures; and . Create a sense of ownership among the stakeholders regarding the Project.
Identification of Main Stakeholders
211. Stakeholders identified include the local people or communities within the periphery of the BCP, the users of the BCP, local representatives, political agents, government officials, NGOs and the general public. It is therefore necessary to undertake local consultations as all these stakeholders are expected to have different types of stakes according to their interests and professions.
212. The following are the key stakeholders that have been identified for Torkham BCP (Table 7.2.1)
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Table 7.2.1: Stakeholders and Consultation Tools for Torkham BCP Sr. Stakeholder Stakeholders Consultation Tools # Type . FBR . Consultative Border . Office of Political Agent, LandiKotal 1 meetings Managers . Assistant Political Agent, LandiKotal . Scoping sessions . NLC . Focus Group . Jirga (communal land) Border Discussion 2 . Residential and Commercial DPs Communities . Semi-structured . Women interviews Border User . Truck Drivers . Semi-structured 3 Groups . Pedestrians interviews
Approach for Public Consultation and Objectives
213. For this project, the approaches adopted by the study team towards public participation are as follows:
. Consultative meetings . Scoping sessions . Focus Group Discussion . Semi-structured interviews . Semi-structured interviews 214. During various occasions of public consultations, the following were undertaken:
. meeting the major users of the BCP through consultation with FBR key personnel and public meetings to solicit inputs and getting consensus on issues and propose mitigation measures; . consultation and public meetings with influential people of the districts, consultations with pedestrians and the public who are using the BCP; and, . interview with truck and bus drivers, roadside vendors;
215. These consultation objectives were shared at the outset of each meeting as outlined below:
. To identify the positive and negative impacts of improvements to Torkham Border Crossing on the community; . To identify suggestions to mitigate the expected adverse impacts of the project; . To identify concerns/suggestions of the community regarding environmental impacts of the project and mitigation measures;
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. To identify the existing structure of grievance redress in the community; and, . To identify suggestions for public consultation and disclosure in the community with regards to the project
Meetings with Stakeholders
216. Series of consultations meetings were held with the assigned focal person of FBR and local communities and Border Custom Officials in various dates or occasions. During discussions with these key stakeholders, it has been revealed that many of the key stakeholders are generally aware of the Project and are in favor of its implementation.
217. The stakeholder consultations for Torkham BCP were held in January, 2018 as illustrated in,Tablre 7.4.1.List of Persons conducted Social Surveys and attandance Sheet of Jirga is alsoannexed.
Table 7.4.1: Stakeholder Consultations Conducted for Torkham BCP S. # of Stakeholder Tools Date Venue # Participants Assistant Political 5 Consultative Office of APA, 1 Agent, Khyber 09-01-18 Meeting LandiKotal Agency Political Tehsildar, Consultative 18 Office of APA, 2 10-01-18 Khyber Agency Meeting LandiKotal Tehsildar, Consultative 5 Office of Tehsildar, 3 10-01-18 Administration Meeting Torkham Project Affected 10 Focus Group Office of Tehsildar, 4 Persons: Local 10-01-18 Discussion Torkham Businesses Project Affected 18 Persons: Focus Group Office of APA, 5 11-01-18 Landowners Discussion LandiKotal (Communal Land) Semi-structured- 09-01-18 to 14 Trade Terminal, 6 Truck Drivers interviews 11-01-18 Torkham Semi-structured 09-01-18 to 18 Passenger 7 Pedestrians interviews 11-01-18 Terminal, Torkham
Information Disseminated
218. During the consultation meetings with communities including affected persons and local women, the following information was disclosed:
. Scope of the project and its various components
. The stakeholders involved and their roles and responsibilities
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. The process of land acquisition and calculation of compensation
. Description of the entitlement matrix to be developed for DPs
. The importance of a Grievance Redress Mechanism and the role of the community in GRM
. Overview of land acquisition and resettlement related impacts on communities
. Concerns and suggestions of the DPs regarding the projects’ impacts on their assets and livelihoods.
Findings of FGD withLocal Residents and Businessescommunity
219. A Focus Group Discussion was held with representatives of local communities and businesses that will face impacts due to land acquisition for Torkham BCP.
Outcomes of FGD with Local Residents and Businesses
a. Representatives overwhelmingly welcomed the government’s initiative to modernize the border facilities and were hopeful that the project would increase trade, and thereby improve business activities in the area.
b. Business owners shared that due to local geo political situations in FATA region, most of the business community at Torkham BCP are the local residents of KhugaKhel Clan of Shinwari Tribe residing on both sides of the border. With the development of the new facilities, enforcement of immigration laws, procedures implicate free movement of the local tribal community on both sides of the border resulting in reduced business potential. Therefore, Govt. should issue pass to cross the border easily. Currently locals are facing issues due to new Govt. rules. They suggested flexibility in administrative measures and specific legal instruments to regularize and encourage cross border movement and business of local residents/business community.
c. During consultation, representatives of Business community also pinpointed that job/ employment opportunities for local people should be created during the construction and post-construction phases of the project.
d. The Torkham BCP lacks banking facilities and the local business community has to travel either to LandiKotal or to Peshawar for availing banking service facilities. So, to institutionalize the business and financial activities at Torkham BCP, the business owners highlighted that proper banking facilities and better communication infrastructure should be incorporated in the newly designed terminal.
e. Generally, business owners do not foresee any environmental hazards to their area due to the project. However, they mentioned shortage of potable water in the project area and apprehended that exploiting water from existing water sources for execution of civil works may further aggravate local water supplies and suggested for avoiding use of local water supply during execution of the project.
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f. They were concerned about the limitations of the existing roads and when construction will begin and there will be an influx of construction vehicles; they feared there would be more delays for departure/arrival of their goods. It was suggested that construction activities at new trade and passenger terminals should not interfere the free movement of traffic passing through the existing roads and the movement of construction vehicles should be regulated in such a way to avoid any road blockades and interruption in the business. Besides, the existing terminals and the ongoing business should be kept operative as per its potential to avoid any negative impacts on the business/trade.
Concerns raised by Affected Persons
. All the owners of the small residential structures are willing to shift to a nearby location as long as they are appropriately shifted to similar location on nearby communal land and compensated for their structures.
. The owner of one residential structure showed concerns regarding shifting of his residential structure located on communal land and acquisition of his privately-owned land at project site.
. All the commercial structures located on new terminal land (petrol pump and weigh stations) and small (shop owners) commercial interests are willing to relocate within the new premises of Torkham BCP as long as they are appropriately compensated for their transition period.
Findings of FGD With Affected Landowners
220. To safeguard community concerns and negotiate acquisition of communal land to be acquired for the project, a nine-member committee representing three clans of Khuga Khel Tribe (three members nominated by community from each clan) was also consulted to discuss the project features and the community concerns on different aspects including acquisition of land and grievance redress mechanism for the project. In this regard, a Focus Group Discussion was held with the 9-member Jirga representing the three clans who own communal land in the area. This nine members’ committee on behalf of the community participates in all meetings with FATA authorities and government agencies responsible for execution of the project to discuss and agree on the land acquisition process and benefit sharing methodology. A brief participants’ profile, major outcomes of the FGD and a summary of key concerns and suggestions made by the Jirga are presented in this section.
Table 7.9.1: Participants Profile of FGD with Jirga Representing S. No. Names Age Education Clan 1 Haji Naseer FatimiKhel 62 F.A. 2 Haji Naib Shah FatimiKhel 50 Middle-School 3 Wali Khan FatimiKhel 29 M.A.
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Representing S. No. Names Age Education Clan 4 Shah Hussain BassiKhel 45 Graduate 5 Ajar Khan BassiKhel 40 Matric 6 Muhammad Zakria BassiKhel 40 M.A. 7 Haji Shafiq Ashraf Khel 63 Middle-School 8 Zulfiqar Khan Ashraf Khel 43 Matric 9 Tajuddin Ashraf Khel 38 B.A.
Outcomes of FGD with Jirga a. The community representative committee/Jirga recognizes that: the government has taken a big step of modernizing the existing Torkham Border crossing point which is sole livelihood earning source for local community. The improved facilities and services will enhance cross border trade resulting in better livelihood opportunities and improved living standards of the local community given the community’s stakes are protected. b. The Jirga members showed their satisfaction towards the government’s proactive steps for holding consultations to discuss concerns of the community on land acquisition and resettlement issues and agree on the means and mechanism for acquiring land and involving the community in the project development process. c. It was raised that the entire community is beneficiaries of income from the communal land being used for commercial activity as Car Parking Stand and markets near the existing terminal and suggested that the commercial land under markets and taxi stand should not be acquired for construction of new trade and passenger terminals. The project design was shared with the committee and it was explained that the government has given due consideration to avoid economic displacement of the individuals as well as community and accordingly the new trade terminal is proposed in hilly barren terrain at a distance of about 2 km away from the commercial area. Besides, the government will acquire land on consensus rate as per local customs and traditions to ensure that lost assets are compensated fairly and fully on replacement cost basis before taking possession of land d. Further, to avoid any economic displacement, the affected business/shop owners will be provided with replacement structure either in the business center/service areas designed in new trade terminal or will be compensated for the structure loss on full replacement cost basis to enable the affected person to construct new structure. e. As per local customs and law (FCR 1901) all issues are settled through consensus between the elders/influential persons of the community locally known as Jirga. The members of the Committee (Nine Members) are nominated by the local community through consensus to negotiate and settle Land Acquisition issues and protect stakes of local community with government. As the community has shown confidence on the committee members, so for redress of grievances if any, the same committee will remain
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intact during project implementation period to act as Jirga and shall participate in grievance redress mechanism to be put in place for the project. f. Besides above, the Jirga members raised the concern,that the entire area of Torkham is water stressed. Development of the new terminal should take in to account this water shortage in the area and should ensure that water availability is not further compromised for meeting residential and commercial needs.
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CHAPTER 8 – GRIEVENCE REDRESS MECHANISM
Grievance Redress Mechanism
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
221. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM)16 for the Project shall be established by the Federal Board of Revenue as part of the overall project management system.
222. Considering the unique status of communities under FATA, the GRM shall consist of multiple layers of contact points and access points to be participated in by contractors, project implementing unit and implementing agency. The GRM will be established to address community concerns and complaints.
223. The Federal Board of Revenue’s Project Director shall facilitate the establishment of Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and Grievance Focal Point (GFP) at the project area prior to Contractor’s work mobilization. The functions of the GRC and GFC include the addressing of concerns and grievances of the local communities and affected parties as necessary.
224. The GRC may be comprised of representative/s from local Political Agent (PA), affected parties/communities, well-reputed persons of the society, the Contractor’s Environment Specialist, and the Project’s Environment Specialist and Social Safeguard Specialist. The role of the GRC is to address the Project related grievances of the affected parties that are unable to be resolved satisfactorily through the initial stages of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). At the affected community level, they may identify local representatives to act as Grievance Focal Points (GFP).
225. The GFP shall be responsible for the following (a) as community representatives, he or she will represent the community in all formal meetings among the project team, the contractors and the affected communities; and (b) he or she will be responsible in communicating community members’ grievances and concerns to the contractor during project implementation.
226. All-important procedures to be adopted to operationalize the GRM shall be provided in an orientation meeting to be convened by the Federal Board of Revenue at community level. The meeting shall be attended by GFPs, contractor, Political Agents’ representative and other interested parties from government agencies and non- government organizations (NGOs).
16 This GRM is adopted from the GRM presented in the IEE for PAK: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Water Resources Development Project (FWRDP), 2014
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227. In resolving complaints through GRM, the following procedures shall be followed:
228. Step 1: Individuals will lodge their environmental complaint/grievance with their respective community’s nominated GFP;
229. Step 2: The GFP will bring the individual’s complaint to the attention of the Contractor.
230. Step 3: The Contractor will record the complaint in the onsite Environmental Complaints Register or log book in the presence of the GFP;
231. Step 4: GFP will discuss the complaint with the Contractor and have it resolved;
232. Step 5: The Contractor does not resolve the complaint within one week, then the GFP will bring the complaint to the attention of the Project’s Environmental Specialist. The Environment Specialist will then be responsible for coordinating with the Contractor in solving the issue.
233. Step 6: If the Complaint is not resolved within 2 weeks the GFP will present the complaint to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC);
234. Step 7: The GRC will have to resolve the complaint within a period of 2 weeks and the resolved complaint will have to be communicated back to the community. The Contractor will then record the complaint as resolved and closed in the Environmental Complaints Register or log book.
235. Step 8: In parallel to the Contractor’s ECR recording of the complaint, each GFP will maintain a record of the complaints received and will follow up on their rapid resolution.
236. Step 9: If the grievance is not resolved through this process, the issue will be taken to the local legal structures.
237. Figure 8.1.1 below graphically illustrates the proposed grievance redress mechanisms
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Figure 8.1.1: Proposed grievance redress mechanism
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CHAPTER 9 – ENVIRONMENATAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
238. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (Table 9.3.1) provides guidance on how to mitigate identified environmental issues and concerns in connection with the implementation of the proposed border improvement project. The EMP (Table 9.3.2) deals with mitigation and monitoring measures to be taken at various stages of the Project implementation to avoid, reduce, and mitigate adverse environmental impacts.
Organisation Structure of EMP Implementation
239. During the construction phase, the overall responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of the EMP rests with the Project Director (PD). The PD through assistance from the CSC Environmental staff and the Environment team of PMC, will supervise the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and monitor the implementation progress in the field. Monthly environmental monitoring data will be incorporated in the project implementation progress reports to be shared with FBR and such monthly reports will alsobe submitted to ADB and/or Pak-EPA for review and clearance.
240. The organizational structure for the Environmental Management/Monitoring implementation is shown in Figure below. The specific roles and responsibilities for environmental management are provided in EMP.
Figure 9.1.1:Organization Chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation
Federal Board of Revenue, Government of Pakistan
Project Director CAREC–RIBS Construction Supervision Project Consultants (CSC) Management Contractor Consultant (PMC) Environmental CSC CSC Social Specialist/ Social Contractor’s Environment Safeguard Safeguard Environmental al Specialist Specialist Specialist Officer/ HSE Team
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Inclusion of EMP in Contract documents
241. In order to make Contractors fully aware and responsible of the implications of the EMP and to ensure compliance, it is recommended that mitigation measures be treated separately in the tender documentation and that payment milestones should be linked to performance, measured by execution of the prescribed mitigation measures. Such a procedure would help ensure adequate management of Project impacts is carried out during the construction and operation phases, where a consistent approach will be expected on behalf of the Contractor and its sub- contractors so that data and information collected from monitoring programs is comparable with baseline monitoring data.
242. The Contractor shall be made accountable through contract documents and/or other agreements for fulfilling the environmental safeguard obligations and delivering on the environmental safeguard components of the Project. Contractors shall be prepared to co-operate with the executing agency and supervising consultants and local population for the mitigation of adverse impacts. After the EMP’s inclusion in the contract documents, the Contractor will be bound to implement the EMP and will engage appropriately trained environmental and social management staff to ensure the implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
243. The Contractor is required to bid for executing the EMP including the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring programs, as part of its Bill of Quantities (BoQ).
Institutional Arrangements
244. The proposed project environmental management plan will require involvement of the following organizations for its implementation:
. The Project Management Unit (PMU), which is established by FBR, this PMU is the project proponent and owners of the EMP;
. Project Contractors as executors of the EMP;
. Project Environment Specialist(PMC & CSC) as environmental monitor of the execution of the EMP.
245. Their specific responsibilities for EMP implementation are presented in Table 9.3.1
Table 9.3.1: Responsibility of organisations involved in project execution Organisation EMP Responsibility FBR . Ensure that sufficient funds are made available to properly implement the EMP. . Ensure that CAREC–RIBS project, regardless of financing source,
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complies with the provisions of the EMP, PEPA; 1997 and NEQS. . Ensure that CAREC–RIBS project complies with all national and provincial environmental policies and regulations. . For project duration, ensure that dedicated environmental and social staff is deputed by Construction Supervision Consultants to oversee EMP implementation. . Ensure that environmental protection and mitigation measures in the EMP are incorporated in the detailed designs. . Ensure that bidding and contract documents include the EMP. . Submits bi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to Pak– EPA. . Includes in the Project EMP and specify requirement for preparation and implementation of method statement/site specific EMPs (SSEMPs) by the contractors. . Ensures that EMP provisions are strictly implemented during various project phases (design/pre-construction, construction and operation) to mitigate environmental impacts to acceptable levels. . Ensures that Project implementation complies with national environmental policies and regulations. . Checks that environmental protection and mitigation measures in the EMP are incorporated in the detailed designs. . Undertakes monitoring of the implementation of the EMP (mitigation and monitoring measures) with assistance from CSC. . Reports to ADB/EPA on all aspects of environmental management and monitoring at six-month intervals, based on the results of EMP monitoring. . Conducts environmental training as specified in the IEE, conducts contractor’s workers' orientation on EMP provisions, undertakes regular monitoring of the contractor's environmental performance, and conducts field measurements for dust and noise as required in the EMP in coordination with CSC. . Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identifies environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB and Pak–EPA. Contractor . Implementation of, or adherence to, all provisions of the IEE and EMP; . Implementation of all the contract clauses regarding, Environment, Health and Safety. . Implementation of all the EHS Safeguards policies of GoP , ADB and regulation being followed of MES/NHA in the contract documents. . Recruit qualified environmental safeguard specialist and Health and Safety Specialist to ensure compliance with environmental statutory and contractual obligations and proper implementation of the EMP; . Contractor’s environmental performance will rest with the person holding the highest management position within the contractor’s organization. Reporting to their management, the contractor’s site managers will be responsible for the effective implementation of the EMP. . Assurance of compliance for all the contractual obligations with respect to Environment, Health, Safety, Labour Laws, Medical facility etc at site. Project . Review/assist the civil works bidding documents to ensure they are Management appropriate for their intended purpose, in particular to ensure that they Consultant include the environmental management plans (EMPs) that are part of (PMC) the ADB-approved Initial Environment Examinations for the project.
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. Prepare reports and other documentation of FBR management and for ADB supervision mission as required by PMU. . Implement and monitor safeguards in accordance with the project`s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plans, Initial Environmental Examinations, to include the related Environment Management Plans that have been incorporated in the civil works contract documentation, all to be in accordance with ADB`s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), and the project loan agreement. . Establish a grievance redress mechanism with a dedicated grievance staff to address all project-related grievances. . Develop baseline information for project monitoring and evaluation (consistent with the project`s design and monitoring framework) and progressively update the information during project implementation. Construction . Incorporates into the project design the environmental protection and Supervision mitigation measures identified in the EMP for the design stage; Consultant . Assists FBR to ensure that all environmental requirements and (CSC) mitigation measures from the IEE and EMP are incorporated in the bidding and contracts documents . Prior to construction, reviews the updated SSEMPs prepared by the contractor.
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Table 9.3.2: Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Objectives Mitigation Measures Timing to Location to Responsibility Concern (MM) recommended implement MM implement MM Implementation Monitoring Design/Pre-Construction Stage Land To ensure 1. Detailed dialogue Prior to Project Area FBR ADB Acquisition & smooth with affected parties commencement Resettleme Resettlement transition in to ensure all of construction nt Specialist shifting of shop concerns are activity and house addressed. owners to new 2. All affected persons locations must be offered fair compensation based on market rates. Site-specific To ensure 1. Preparation of SSEMPs Prior to Project Area Contractor FBR/CSC environmental proper and by contractor’s env. commencement management timely specialist in of construction issues management of consultation with CSC activity site specific 2. SSEMPs to be environmental approved by PMU issues before contractor is given access to site Locations for To ensure the 3. Specific locations will Prior to Most suitable locations Contractor FBR/ CSC Labour Camps labour camps be strategically commencement for labour camps do not pose selected for of construction nearest or within project any adverse development of activity area must be identified. impacts on the labour camps that project area contain all necessary facilities. 4. Camp locations will ensure minimal disturbance i.e. 500 m to key receptors in project area
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Traffic To minimize Development of a Prior to At all construction sites Contractor - Management possibility of comprehensive plan that commencement along project corridor Plan accidents and shall contain traffic of construction traffic diversion onto alternate activity congestion routes and management once traffic flows to minimize construction congestion and commences possibility of accidents. and thus minimize possible nuisance for existing Torkham BCP users.
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Geology- The project The occurrence of any Prior to All the project design Contractor and FBR/ CSC area is located geologic-related and commencement structures design related and within area other natural events of construction consultants other natural with active such as earthquakes activity events seismic and flooding areall activities. beyond the control of the During the project. In order to design phase minimize destruction in and the anticipation of their construction occurrences, phase of all the incorporation of physical excellent structural structures design during design proposed for phase is highly the project, the recommended to comply structural with local and integrity and international stability of the engineering standards structures will and protocols. Good be designed to design should also withstand maximize the benefits major seismic the project will provide events in the while minimizing project site. dangers and risk once structures are constructed and operational.
Construction Stage Air Quality To minimize air 1. Water will be sprinkled At least twice a All construction sites Contractor shall FBR/ CSC emissions daily based on weather day based on maintain effectively and conditions at all weather acceptable avoid construction sites to conditions. standards and
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complaints due suppress dust compliance with to the airborne emissions. NEQS for particulate emissions. matter 2. All heavy equipment CSC to supervise released to the and machinery shall be activities. atmosphere. fitted in full compliance with the national and local regulations. (Relevant regulations are in the Motor vehicles fitness rules and Highway Act).
3. Stockpiled soil and sand shall be slightly wetted before loading, particularly in windy conditions.
4. Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks shall be employed to minimize exhaust emissions.
5. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shall be covered with tarpaulin.
6. Limitations to speeds of such vehicles necessary. Transport through densely
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populated area should be avoided.
7. Concrete plants to be controlled in line with statutory requirements and shall not be close to sensitive receptors.
8. Stack height of generators will be at least 3 meters above the ground.
9. Project traffic will maintain maximum speed limit of 20 km/hr on all unsealed roads within project area.
10. A minimum distance of 300 meters will be ensured between batching plant(s) and the nearest community.
Noise To minimize 1. Equipment noise will Throughout All construction sites Contractor FBR/ CSC noise level be reduced at source by construction within 100 m of should maintain increases proper design, phase sensitive receptors and the acceptable during maintenance and repair communities . A list of standards and construction of construction sensitive areas shall be compliance with activities. machinery and identified with NEQS equipment. Noise from coordination with CSC vehicles and power staff. CSC to supervise generators will be relevant
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minimized by use of activities. proper silencers and mufflers.
2. Excessive noise emitting equipment will not be allowed to operate and will be replaced.
3. Blowing of horns will be prohibited on access roads to site.
4. As a rule, the operation of heavy equipment shall be conducted in daylight hours.
5. Hammer-type percussive pile driving operations shall be not be allowed at night time.
6. Construction equipment, which generates excessive noise, shall be enclosed or fitted with effective silencing apparatus to minimize noise.
7. Well-maintained haulage trucks will be
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used with speed controls.
8. Contractor shall take adequate measures to minimize noise nuisance in the vicinity of construction site by way of adopting available acoustic methods to remain within NEQS limits.
9. Noise levels at sensitive receptors along corridor will be frequently monitored.
10. It shall be ensured that construction activity does not result in increment in noise levels greater than 3 dB(A).
11. Stationary noise sources such as batching plants will be kept at least 300 meters away from nearest community.
12. Acoustic insulation or portable noise barriers or hoardings shall be installed to
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protect sensitive receptors along corridor.
13. Provide prior notification to community on schedule of construction activities.
14. Implement community complaints hotline.
15. All efforts will be made to conduct construction activity near schools during vacation period to minimize disruption. Traffic Minimize Detailed traffic Prior to and The most important Contractor FBR/ CSC Management disturbance of management plan to be throughout the locations to be vehicular traffic prepared before start of construction identified and listed. CSC to supervise and construction and period. Relevant plans of the relevant pedestrians implemented in true Contractor on traffic activities. during haulage letter and spirit. As part arrangements to be of construction of this plan, following prepared and available. materials, spoil measures will be and equipment implemented: and machinery, 1. Submit temporary blocking haul and access routes access roads plan one month prior to during works start of works. Damage / maintenance 2. Formulate and problems for implementation of a plan of
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roads and alternate routes for heavy bridges used vehicles. by the haulage trucks, dust 3. Prohibit movement of nuisance to contractor’s vehicles school and through settlements. hospitals. 4. Public awareness campaigns through radio and newspaper ads to educate public and sensitize them to cooperate with project staff and to make them aware of potential risks of accidents and necessary precautions.
5. Installation of traffic warning signs, and enforcing traffic regulations during transportation of materials and equipment and machinery. Conditions of roads and bridges to be considered.
6. Employing of flag persons to control traffic at work sites for safety reasons when construction equipment is entering or leaving
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work areas.
7.Lanes shall be created through work site using rope or flagging to minimize risks and injuries from falling objects.
8. As far as possible, lifting and placing of pre- cast sections will be done at night to minimize traffic congestion.
9. Provide road signs indicating lane is closed 500 meters before work site.
10. Use traffic cones to direct traffic to move to open lane.
11. Provide sufficient lighting at night within and in vicinity of construction sites.
12. Regular monitoring of traffic conditions along access roads to ensure that project vehicles are not causing congestion.
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13. Define and observe schedules for different types of construction traffic trips.
14. Install temporary accesses to properties affected by disruption to their permanent accesses.
15. Reinstate good quality permanent accesses following completion of construction. Labour Camp Prevent 1. No untreated effluent During At labour camps Contractor FBR/ CSC Effluent untreated will be released into the Construction effluent from environment. being released into the 2. Closed sewage environment. treatment system will be installed to treat the effluent, which will then be disposed of in a soak pit or will be used for plantation.
Community To ensure the 1. Buffer strips or During Project area Contractor and FBR/ CSC Safety residents and other methods of construction the CSC visitors to the physical separation activity project area around project sites are kept safe shall be ensured to during the protect public from construction major hazards.
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activity at the different work 2. Siting and safety sites. engineering criteria shall be incorporated to prevent failures due to natural risks posed by earthquakes, floods, fire, wind etc.
3. Inventories of hazardous materials shall be reduced through inventory management.
4. Process or storage conditions shall be modified to reduce potential consequences of an accidental off-site release.
5. Improving of shut down and secondary containment to reduce amount of material escaping from containment and to reduce release of duration.
6. Reduce probability that
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releases will occur through improved site operations and control and through improvements in maintenance and inspection.
7. Reduce off-site impacts of releases through measures intended to contain explosions and fires such as alerting public, provision for evacuation of surrounding areas, establish safety zones around each work site and ensure provision of emergency medical services to the public.
8. Work areas outside project area, particularly where machinery is involved will be roped off and constantly monitored to ensure local residents and children in particular stay away.
9. No machinery
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will be left unattended, particularly in running condition.
10. Community will be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main care providers to children.
11. Speed limit of 20 km/hr will be maintained by all project related vehicles on section of roads and passages adjacent to houses along project corridor.
12. Night time driving of vehicles will be limited as far as possible. Construction Minimize the 1. Waste management Update monthly A list of temporary Contractor FBR/ CSC Waste impacts from plan to be submitted to stockpiling areas and Disposal the disposal of the CSC and approved more permanent construction one month prior to dumping areas to be CSC to supervise waste. starting works. prepared at the contract and take action stage for agreement. to complete 2. Estimating the contractor’s amounts and types of relevant activities construction waste to be according to generated by the project. IEE/EMP requirement &
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3. Investigating whether environmental the waste can be reused standards. in the project or by other interested parties.
4. Identifying potential safe disposal sites close to the project or those designated sites in the contract.
5. Investigating the environmental conditions of the disposal sites and recommendation of most suitable and safest sites.
6. Piling up of loose material should be done in segregated areas to arrest washing out of soil. Debris shall not be left where it may be carried by water to downstream flood plains, dams, lagoons etc.
7. Used oil and lubricants shall be recovered and reused or removed from the site in full compliance with the national and local
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regulations.
8. Oily wastes must not be burned. Disposal location to be agreed with local authorities/ EPA.
9. Machinery should be properly maintained to minimize oil spill during the construction.
10. Solid waste should be disposed at an approved solid waste facility; open burning is illegal and contrary to good environmental practice.
Orientation for To ensure that 1. Contractor to engage Induction of all All staff members in all Contractor and FBR/ CSC Contractors, the CSC, environmental, health relevant staff categories. the CSC and to observe and Workers contractor and and safety specialist to required for record details and record workers implement all implementation of Monthly induction and success understand environmental statutory EMP. six-month refresher and have the and recommended course as necessary capacity to obligations. At early stages of until contractor ensure the construction for all complies. environmental 2. Contractor construction requirements environmental, health employees as far and and safety specialist as reasonably implementatio shall conduct special practicable. n of mitigation briefing for managers measures. and / or on-site training
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for the contractors and workers on the environmental requirement of the project. Record attendance and achievement test.
3. Agreement on critical areas to be considered and necessary mitigation measures, among all parties who are involved in project activities.
4. Continuous progress review and refresher sessions to be followed.
Labour To ensure that 1. Identify location of Update once a Location Map to be Contractor FBR/ CSC Camp(s) the operation work camps in month prepared by the Operation and of work camps consultation with local Contractor. Location does not authorities. The location adversely shall be subject to affect the approval by the surrounding FBR/CSC. If possible, environment camps shall not be and residents located near settlements in the area. or near drinking water supply intakes.
2. Cutting of trees shall be avoided and removal of vegetation shall be
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minimized.
3. Water and sanitary facilities (at least pit latrines) shall be provided for employees. Worker camp and latrine sites to be backfilled and marked upon vacation of the sites.
4. Solid waste and sewage shall be managed according to the national and local regulations. As a rule, solid waste must not be dumped, buried or burned at or near the project site, but shall be disposed off to the nearest sanitary landfill or site having complied with the necessary permission of local authority permission.
5. The Contractor shall organize and maintain a waste separation, collection and transport system.
6. The Contractor shall document that all liquid
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and solid hazardous and non-hazardous waste are separated, collected and disposed of according to the given requirements and regulations.
7. At the conclusion of the project, all debris and waste shall be removed. All temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be removed.
8. Exposed areas shall be planted with suitable vegetation.
9. FBR and CSC shall inspect and report that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions. Loss of Trees To avoid 1. The contractor’s staff Site identification A list of locations with Contractor FBR/ CSC and Vegetation several and labour will be strictly and other matters amap to be compiled by Cover for negative directed not to damage during the Contractor during CSC to Temporary impacts due to any vegetation such as construction of detailed design. supervise. Work-space removing of trees or bushes. relevant activities and Wildlife landmark, Loss sentinel and 2. Clearing of green specimen trees surface cover for
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as well as construction, for borrow green or for development, vegetation and cutting trees and other surface cover important vegetation and wildlife during construction shall loss. be minimized.
3. Landscaping to be re- installed on completion.
4. Compensatory planting of trees/shrubs/ornamental plants (at a rate of 5:1) to contribute to the aesthetic value of the area and compensate for the lost capability of the area to absorb carbon dioxide in line with best international practice.
7. At completion all debris and waste shall be removed.
8. All temporary structures, including office buildings, shelters and toilets shall be removed.
9. Wilful killing trapping and trade of faunal
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species will be strictly prohibited.
10. Cutting of trees and burning of wood will be strictly prohibited. Safety To ensure 1. Providing adequate Prior to Location to be identified Contractor FBR/ CSC Precautions for safety of warning signs. commencement by the Contractor and the Workers workers and during approved by CSC. CSC to 2. Providing workers construction supervise. with skull guard or hard hat and other required PPE as per the nature of work.
3. Contractor shall instruct his workers in health and safety matters, and require the workers to use the provided safety equipment. Regular tool box talks and training on work place safety to be carried out.
4. Establish all relevant safety measures as required by law and good engineering practices.
5. Contractor will closely monitor staff at all times
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and will take strict action against any non- compliance of established protocols. Soil To ensure 1. Spill prevention trays During Project area Contractor and FBR/ CSC Contamination contamination will be provided and construction the CSC of soil along used at refuelling activity project corridor stations. is prevented. 2. Onsite maintenance of vehicles shall be avoided as far as possible. If unavoidable, tarpaulin or other impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent contamination of soil.
3. Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and equipment and all vehicles will be washed in external commercial facilities.
4. Fuels, lubricants and chemicals will be stored in covered bounded areas, underlain with impervious lining.
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5. Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials will be available near fuel and storage areas. Water Quality To prevent 1. Compile temporary Prior to Relevant locations to be 1.Contractor FBR/ CSC adverse water drainage management construction, 50 determined in the CSC to enforce to quality impacts plan one month before m from water detailed project design review due to commencement of bodies. 2. Contractor has results negligence and works. Timing will to check water ensure depend on the quality and report unavoidable 2. Proper installation of construction to CSC and FBR. impacts are Temporary Drainage timetable. managed (TD) and Erosion 3. CSC effectively. Control (EC) before supervises Ensure works within 50 m of monitoring adverse water bodies. activities. impacts on water quality 3. Proper construction of caused by TD and EC measures, construction maintenance and activities are management including minimized. training of operators and other workers to avoid pollution of water bodies by the considerate operation of construction machinery and equipment.
4. Storage of lubricants,
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fuels and other hydrocarbons in self- contained dedicated enclosures >50m away from water bodies.
5. Proper disposal of solid waste from construction activities and labour camps.
6. Cover the construction material and spoil stockpiles with a suitable material to reduce material loss and sedimentation and avoid stockpiling near to water bodies.
7. Topsoil stripped material shall not be stored where natural drainage will be disrupted.
8. Borrow sites (if required) should not be close to sources of drinking water. Hydrology and To ensure the 1. Consideration of 1. Prepare a 1. Location of CSC or FBR to FBR/ CSC Drainage hydrological weather conditions when thorough plan for construction activities actively Aspects and drainage particular construction Storm water to be listed by the supervise and aspects are activities are disposal to be contractor. enforce considered undertaken. approved by CSC
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during 2. Limitations on one month prior to 2. A list of locations of construction excavation depths in use commencement drains to be compiled activity. of recharge areas for of construction. by the contractor. material exploitation or spoil disposal. 2. Proper 3. Use of landscaping as timetable an integrated prepared in component of consideration with construction activity as the climatic an erosion control conditions of each measure. area, the different 4. Minimizing the construction removal of vegetative activities cover as much as mentioned here to possible and providing be guided. for its restoration where construction sites have been cleared of such areas.
5.All unpaved exposed surfaces at project sites will be compacted to minimize water erosion and all areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be hydrologically isolated from remaining site.
6. It shall be ensured that natural drainage is not hampered or blocked in any way at any of the sites.
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Soil Erosion/ Prevent 1. Back-fill should be Because the area 1. Locations based on Contractor and FBR/ CSC Surface Run- adverse water compacted properly in can be subject to history of flooding CSC off quality impacts accordance with design un seasonal problems. due to standards and graded to heavy rain plan negligence and original contours where before and during 2. A list of sensitive ensure possible. construction (cut areas during unavoidable and fill, land construction to be impacts are 2. Stockpiles should not reclamation etc.) prepared by the managed be formed within such while considering contractor in effectively. distances behind the climatic consideration with the To minimize excavated or natural conditions. cut and fill, land soil erosion slopes that would reduce reclamation, borrow due to the the stability of the areas etc. construction slopes. activities and 3. Locations of all creation of 3. In the short-term, culverts, road and access tracks either temporary or highway. for project permanent drainage vehicles. works shall protect all areas susceptible to erosion.
11. Clearing of green surface cover to be minimized during site preparation.
12. Replanting of trees to be done before the site is vacated and handed back to FBR with appropriate trees (other vegetation cover as appropriate) to ensure interception of
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rainwater and the deceleration of surface run-off. Utilities To ensure the 1. Contractor(s) will Prepare a All locations where Contractor and FBR/ CSC provision sensitive assess construction thorough plan to construction work will the CSC interruption receptors in locations in advance for be approved by be conducted. the project potential disruption to CSC one month area are not services and identify prior to affected by the risks prior to starting commencement relocation/ construction. of construction. disruption of Any damage or any utilities hindrance/disadvantage Implement such as water to local businesses measures during supply, caused by the premature construction electricity, removal or insufficient activity telecommunic replacement of public ation, gas utilities is subject to full supply etc. compensation, at the full liability of the contractor who caused the problem. 2. If temporary disruption is unavoidable, the contractor will, in collaboration with relevant local authorities such as power company, water supply company and communication company, develop a plan to minimize the disruption and communicate the dates and duration in advance to the affected persons.
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3. Communities shall be informed in advance regarding storage of water when their utilities are about to be relocated to pave the way for road works. Also, water pipes located/crossing in the right of way (road reserve) may be moved slightly away from the road or provision of service duct may be considered.
4. Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.
Employment To prevent 1. A transparent hiring During Project area Contractor and FBR/ CSC Conflicts conflicts of the policy shall be construction the CSC project work adopted and local activity force with the communities in residents in the project area will be project area informed of this policy.
2. It shall be ensured that maximum
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number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be provided to residents of Torkham/Khyber Agency and Peshawar.
3. FBR/CSC will ensure a balanced process of employment for communities in project area. Social Impacts To ensure 1. Potential for spread of Complaints of Project area. Contractor and FBR/ CSC minimum vector borne and APs to be solved the CSC impacts from communicable diseases as soon as construction from labour camps shall possible. labour force. be avoided (worker Necessary To ensure awareness orientation evacuations to be minimum and appropriate done as when impacts on sanitation should be necessary if public health. maintained). construction To ensure impacts are of minimum 2. Claims/complaints of significant effects of the people on duration and indirect construction close to APs. impacts of nuisance/damages constructions close to project site to be to the people considered and who are living responded to promptly close to the by the Contractor. boundary of project site; 3. Contractor shall Dust, Noise organize temporary effects etc. means of access and
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To minimize make alternative access arrangements to avoid problems for local community impacts local and to avoid such short- population term negative impacts. during construction. Operational Stage Air Quality To ensure 1. Trucks and all Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR operational mechanical equipment BCP operation phase does not such as generators shall commences. have adverse undergo regular impact on air maintenance and shall quality of be tuned to maintain project area engine efficiency and minimize emissions in compliance of NEQS limits.
2.Stack height of generators (if any) will be at least 3 meters above the ground.
3. Regular monitoring of PM levels will be conducted. Noise Levels To ensure 1. Strict driving protocols Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR noise levels shall be followed such as BCP operation remain within no honking etc. commences. acceptable NEQS limits during operation
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Water To ensure any 1. Proper wastewater Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR Resources wastewater collection and treatment BCP operation being facility must be commences. discharged developed. from BCP facilities complies with NEQS limits. Solid Waste To prevent 1. Proper waste Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR Disposal contamination management plan will be BCP operation of the areas prepared and commences. along the implemented to ensure project corridor waste collection, transfer due to and disposal. improper solid waste disposal. Biological To replant any Plantation and Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR Environment vegetation landscaping shall be BCP operation such as trees, conducted wherever commences. plants vegetation has been uprooted due removed. This will to project ensure the existing development aesthetic value of the project area is protected.
Training to be organized To for Torkham BCP staff prevent/minimi ze wildlife and antiquity trafficking Adaptability of To ensure 1. Fluorescent/ walking/ Once Torkham Project area. FBR FBR BCP users to general BCP direction signs BCP operation new conditions users adapts to signboards shall be commences.
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the new used for the major infrastructure junctions. and changed driving conditions.
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Environmental Monitoring
9.4.1 Objective and Rationale
246. The main objective of environmental monitoring works is to ensure that the environmental mitigation measures during construction are implemented through a systematic supervision by FBR/PMU with assistance from PMC/CSC during the construction phase. Environmental issues also are anticipated to be identified in advance for avoidance and ensure timely completion of the project. Consequently, the environmental monitoring framework for this project will form part of the basis of the construction supervision ToR, General Conditions of the Contract (GCC), Technical specifications and the project IEE.
247. The screening and assessment of environmental impacts establishes that construction impacts are the main environmental issues arising from the project. The assessment also shows that these impacts substantially manageable through the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures. Compliance monitoring during construction is therefore important, as it is a means of ensuring adherence to the EMP.
248. The screening and assessment process for construction impacts showed that water pollution risks, air pollution risks, noise generation and public safety issues are the main concerns. In this case, the proposed border improvement project is expected to either improve the existing situation, or to mitigate the negative effects of forecasted economic growth in the border crossing area. It is recommended that measurements of air and noise pollution would be of most value as part of a broader monitoring scheme.
249. In the case of public safety, information on the types frequencies and locations of accidents can better be recorded using existing capabilities although they are also influenced by the attitudes of the people using the border crossing area and the actual conditions of facilities provided under the improvement project, accident data can help identify accident "hotspots" which can be addressed on a case by case basis to reduce the particular hazard. Systematic collection of the project’s accident data is recommended.
9.4.2 Monitoring of Construction Impacts
250. Construction environmental monitoring is a function of supervision, and the essential purpose is to ensure adherence to the EMP. The monitoring is a day to day process, which ensures that departures from the EMP are avoided or quickly rectified, or that any unforeseen impacts are quickly discovered and remedied.
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251. Specific actions in the EMP that are to be monitored are included in the Exhibit for Monitoring Plan. These include the preparation of plans for aspects of the work, such as a site safety plan, which need to be completed and approved during the pre- construction phase. Also included are air, noise and water quality monitoring parameters. In the case of air quality, PEPA and local EPA have stringent standards and it is recommended that these standards be used for air quality monitoring. The same is true for water quality monitoring where PEPA and local EPA have water quality standards for wastewater discharges.
9.4.3 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation Phase
252. Regular monitoring of the condition of the developmental infrastructures that are provided in the border crossing area is important from an environmental management point of view. Recommended air, noise and water quality monitoring and community feedback are also included as part of the monitoring works.
9.4.4 Hiring of Contractor’s Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Staff
253. The Contractor shall engage flowing full-time staff for the implementation of the EMP and H&S compliance.
Designation Input Type Monthly Charge Rate Environmental, Health and Safety Manager Full time 100,000 Community Liaison Officer Full time 100,000 Health and Safety Inspector (2 Nos.) Full time 2 x 50,000 = 100,000
9.4.5 Monitoring Parameters
254. The following environmental parameters are recommended for monitoring against the Pakistan National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) where observation areas can be located inside the project area:
Monitoring Parameters Pakistan National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) Ambient Air Quality mainly Annual average 24 hours PM10 120 µg/m3 150 µg/m3 Ambient noise levels: Sr. # Area/Zone Day Time (Limit in Night Time dB(A)) 1 Residential area (A) 55 45 2 Commercial area (B) 65 55 3 Industrial area (C) 75 65 4 Silence zone (D) 50 45
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255. The cost of monitoring works is shown in Table 9.9.1 while the project monitoring plan is presented in Table 9.11.3 plan indicating environmental parameters, frequency, locations and applicable standards to be used.
Table 9.4.1: Cost of Environmental Monitoring Works Quantity Details per Amount per monitoring per Project Stage Parameters monitorin occasion monitoring g occasion occasion (PKR) Air Quality Pre -Construction PM 10 , NOx, SOx, 4 4 samples x 160, 000.00 CO 40,000 PKR/sample Construction PM 10 , NOx, SOx, 4 4 samples x 160,000.00 CO 40,000 PKR/sample Operation PM 10 , NOx, SOx, 4 4 samples x 160,000.00 CO 40,000 PKR/sample Noise Level Pre -construction Noise levels on 4 4 x PKR 8,000/site 32,000.00 dB(A) scale Noise le vels on 4 4 x PKR 8,000/site 32,000.00 dB(A) scale Operation Noise levels on 4 4 x PKR 8,000/site 32,000.00 dB(A) scale Drinking Water Quality Pre -Construction 32 NEQS 2 2 samples x 40,000 parameters for 20,000 drinking water PKR/sample Sub-Total 616,000 One session during before construction and then after every six-months. 8 x 616,000 Total 7 sessions. Grand Total 4,312,000
9.4.6 Environmental Capacity Building and Training
256. Capacity building comprising of training and seminar programs on aspects of monitoring and site inspection for environmental impact management and monitoring is herewith proposed. The details are shown as Table 9.11.2.
257. During the capability building activities, the PMU with technical assistance from the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) should be able to prepare and submit the biannual Environmental Reports to the Federal Board of Revenue for further verification and submission to ADB.
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9.4.7 Summary Cost of EMP
258. Table below shows the summary for EMP Cost.
259. The Health and Safety requirements e.g. provision of Personal Protective Equipment’s, dispensary fully equipped, 24/7 available dedicated ambulance, fire extinguishers and all other safety gargets shall be borne by the contractor.
Table 9.4.2: Summary of EMP Cost
EMP Details Cost (PKR Million) Hiring of Contractor’s Includes hiring of Environmental, 0.3x42=12.6 EMP Implementation Social and Health and Safety Staff; staff Cost is to be shouldered by the Contractor Capacity Building Includes hiring of third party Lump sum 1.5 entities; Cost is to be shouldered by the Contractor Monitoring Cost during pre-construction and 4.312 construction phases are to be shouldered by the Contractor. EMP Cost is to be shouldered by the Part of the project Contractor cost Misc Lump Sum approximate 8.24 % 1.588 Total 20.00 (0.162 million US$)
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Table 9.4.3: Proposed Capacity Building and Training Organized Project Phase Provided by: By Contents No. of Trainees Duration Cost (PKR) Pre-Construction Third Party Federal Board Comprehensive Members of the 2times for 250,000.00 Phase Environment of Revenue seminars and Project the Consulting (FBR) courses on: Implementing Unit duration of Company / Environmental (PIU) 2 to 3 days Monitoring Management Plan each Company and Environmental Monitoring including site visit/s Construction Phase/ Third Party Federal Board Comprehensive Members of the 8 times for 1000,000.00 Operation Phase Monitoring of Revenue seminars and PMU Safeguard the Consultants on (FBR) courses on: Staff (Construction duration of Environmental Environmental supervision) 2 to 3 days Monitoring and Management Plan, Safeguard staff each Audit Works Environmental (Contractor) Monitoring, Compliance and Audit Works including site visit/s. Operation Phase Third Party Federal Board Comprehensive Members of PMU 2 times for 250,000.00 Monitoring of Revenue seminars and the Consultants on (FBR) courses on: duration of Environmental Environmental 2 to 3 days Compliance and Compliance and each Occupational OHS Works Health and Safety (OHS) Works Total 1,500,000.00
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Table 9.4.4: Environmental Monitoring Plan Project Standards Stage Parameters Details to be location Frequency Duration applied Air Quality Pre - PM 10 , NO x, Observation area must be Ambient Two to four Once prior to Continuous 24 - Construction SO x, CO located near receptor areas Air Quality selected construction hr (i.e., internal roads for Standards locations phase (to serve pedestrians, custom office NEQS as baseline data) area) Construction PM10, NOx, Observation area must be Ambient Two to four Every three Continuous 24 - SOx, CO located near receptor areas Air Quality selected months hr (i.e., internal roads for Standards locations pedestrians, custom office NEQS area) Operation PM10, NOx, Observation area must be Ambient Two to four Once a year for Continuous 24 - SOx, CO located near receptor areas Air Quality selected first three years. hr (i.e., internal roads for Standards locations pedestrians, custom office NEQS area) Noise Level Pre - Noise levels Two to four locations: NEQS four selected Once prior to 24 hr reading construction on dB(A) Background noise for noise Ambient locations construction taken at 15 sec scale sensitive receptor area (i.e., Noise. phase (to serve intervals over pedestrian lanes, as baseline data) 15min every hr. commercial area, custom and then office area) averaged Construction Noise levels 7m from equipment whose NEQS At equipment Every Three readings taken on dB(A) noise level is to be Ambient yard and months at 15 sec scale determined Noise. active (quarterly) intervals over construction 15min every hr. site and then averaged
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Operation Noise levels Two to four locations: PEPA Four Once a year for 24 hr reading on dB(A) Background noise for noise NEQS selected first three years. taken at 15sec scale sensitive receptor area (i.e., (noise) locations intervals over pedestrian lanes, 1993 15min every hr. commercial area, custom and then office area) averaged Water Quality
Pre - All Drinking water sources and NEQs and Sources of Once prior to - construction parameters Waste water generated due WHO drinking construction required by to construction and domestic water points phase (to serve use. Waste water as baseline data) NEQs & due to WHO construction and domestic use
Construction All Drinking water sources and NEQs and Sources of Every Six months - parameters Waste water generated due WHO drinking required by to construction and domestic water points use. Waste water NEQs & due to WHO construction and domestic use
Operation All Drinking water sources and NEQs and Sources of Once a year for - parameters Waste water generated due to WHO drinking water first three years. required by construction and domestic use. points NEQs & Waste water WHO due to construction and domestic use
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CHAPTER 10 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion and Recommendations
260. The project shall be implemented within the premises and adjacent areas of the existing Torkham BCP area. The implementation of the proposed improvement works shall result in the acquisition of additional lands which are mostly part of communal land and the subject of a separate documentation on land acquisition and resettlement action plan. As the project area is void of ecologically and culturally sensitive areas, there are no anticipated effects on flora and fauna or negative impacts on any ecologically sensitive, cultural or historical resources.
261. The majority of environmental impacts and risks that are associated with construction works are all manageable. Corresponding mitigation measures to address these impacts have been included in the Environmental Management Plan. Monitoring activities as a component of the EMP will focus on compliance monitoring during construction phase. The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, shall be included within the Bidding documents. The implementation of EMP during this period will be the responsibility of the Contractors, who has to be made aware of the perception and understanding of environmental problems. The Bid documents shall include the requirements of the EMP thus ensuring that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs. Hence, the required environmental mitigation measures will have to be clearly defined in the Contract Documents and the EMP and all its requirements shall form part of the Contractors Contract.
262. The IEE reveals that no major negative/ and or irreversible environmental impacts are likely to occur due to construction and normal operations of the proposed Project, provided mitigation measures are implemented and the proposed monitoring program is adequately carried out. This IEE established that there are no significant environmental issues that could not be either totally prevented or adequately mitigated. As such, based on the PEPA 1997, Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations, 2000 and existing ADB Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under Schedule 1 and or Category B of ADB. The Project is a feasible project and sustainable option from the engineering, environmental, and socioeconomic points of view. The environmental impacts associated mainly with the construction of the project need to be properly mitigated. Existing institutional arrangements are available.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
. Emergency Preparedness & Humanitarian Action, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. 2007. [email protected] . Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Secretariat, for ADB. Initial Environment Examination-Shangede Dam (IEE). PAK: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Water Resources Development Project (FWRDP). August 2014 . Constitutional Amendments on Environmental Protection Legislation, Analysis of Laws in Force, and Assessment of Implementation Issues, APRIL 2012 . Khan, S., Study of Pakistan’s Chaman Fault. University of Houston. August 2013. . Ministry of Economy of Kyrgyz Republic for ADB. Resettlement Plan. Kyrgyz Republic: Regional Improvement of Border Services. July 2014 . Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Tajikistan for ADB. Initial Environmental Examination. TAJ: CAREC Corridor 3 (Dushanbe-Uzbekistan Border) Improvement Project. April 2014 . National Highway Authority for ADB, Environmental Assessment Report, Pakistan: North-West Frontier Province Road Development Sector and Sub regional Connectivity Project (Peshawar–Torkham Subproject), May 2006 . National Highway Authority, Islamic Republic of Pakistan for ADB. Revised IEE Report. Improvement and Widening of QilaSaifullah-Loralai-WahgumRud Section of N-70. May 2014 . Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. for ADB. Initial Environmental Examination (Draft). IND: National Grid Improvement Project. January 2015 . Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA). TA845 -PAK: Border Services Improvement (Phase II) Project. Torkham Border Crossing Point (BCP) . Statutory Notifications (S.R.O.), Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment, Local Government, and Rural Development, The Gazette of Pakistan, Islamabad, the 8th of August, 2000, published August 10, 2000. . Statutory Notifications (S.R.O.), Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Environment Notifications, The Gazette of Pakistan, Islamabad, the 18th of October, 2010, published November 26, 2010. . Tacheng Prefecture Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for ADB. Initial Environmental Examination. People’s Republic of China: Xinjiang Tacheng Border City and Counties Development Project. February 2015 . Ul-Hadi, S., et al., Slip-rates along the Chaman fault: Implication for transient strain accumulation and strain partitioning along the western Indian ..., Tectonophysics (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.009
Webliography:
www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/68379/36052-pak-seia.pdf
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ANNEXES
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ANNEX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment – Torkham BCP
The proposed project as a whole was subjected to environmental screening process using ADB’s Classification System. Based on SPS 2009, a project category is evaluated by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. The project is classified according to the following categories:
Category A A proposed subproject is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.
Category B A proposed subproject is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. Category C A proposed subproject is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts.
The environmental screening presented in Table 1 was used as basis for environment categorization. Reference must be made to the following maps:
Map 1: Overlay of the proposed site development plan with latest satellite image of the project area. Map 2-: Seismic Hazard Zone of Pakistan. Map 3: Composite Hazard Map of Pakistan
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site x The project area is void of Protected Area x environmentally, ecologically Wetland x and culturally sensitive areas. Mangrove x The surrounding areas are Estuarine x mostly barren lands of no Buffer zone of protected area x vegetation. Special area for protectingbiodiversity x B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… encroachment on historical/cultural x There is no nearby historical/ areas; disfiguration of landscape by cultural areas; road embankments, cuts, fills, and No anticipated disfiguration of quarries? landscape as the facilities shall be situated in available flat area; Quarrying is not necessary. encroachment on preciousecology x No nearby sensitive or (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)? protected areas
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No encroachment on precious ecology alteration of surface water hydrology of x no nearby water body within waterways crossed by roads, resulting the 500 to 1-km radius in increased sediment in streams the project will not alter the affected by increased soil water hydrology in the area erosion at construction site? deterioration of surface water quality x no nearby surface water due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes deterioration of surface water is from worker- based camps and not expected chemicals used in construction? increased local air pollution due to rock x fugitive dust generation is the crushing, cutting and filling works, and most significant concern during chemicals from asphalt processing? construction phase ; when asphalt is used, appropriate EMP will be employed risks and vulnerabilities related to x there are potential risk and occupational health and safety due to vulnerabilities from various physical, chemical, biological, and factors; radiological hazards during project Use of chemical, biological and construction and operation during radiological hazards are not project construction and operation? expected during construction and operation phases of the project; Personal protective equipment will be provided to workers; The EMP will specify that regular safety training should be conducted. noise and vibration due to blasting and x Short term impacts from civil other civil works? works are anticipated but not from blasting; Mitigation will be specified in the EMP dislocation or involuntary resettlement x none of people? no relocation is needed as the project area is void of built up areas dislocation and compulsory x none resettlement of people living in right- of- however, there will be way? acquisition of land to be addressed under land and resettlement action plan disproportionate impacts on the poor, x the project will positively impact women and children, Indigenous the poor, women and IPs as Peoples or other vulnerable groups? the project is a poverty alleviation project; The project will be beneficial to people particularly those who will be involved in the project. other social concerns relating to x Construction works have
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inconveniences in living conditions in potential to increase noise level the project areas that may trigger and dust concentration, but the cases of upper respiratory problems impact will be short term. and stress? Good construction practices to mitigate dust and other disturbances will be specified in EMP. hazardous driving conditions where x the project construction can be construction interferes with pre- existing planned to avoid this roads? hazardous conditions contractors will be required to prepare and implement BCP internal traffic /safety management plan. poor sanitation and solid waste disposal x proper camping sites shall be in construction camps and work sites, provided for non-local workers, and possible transmission of the number of them is expected communicable diseases (such as STI's to be small; and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local Priority in labor employment populations? will be given to local residents. creation of temporary breeding habitats x proper camping sites with for diseases such as those transmitted sanitation facilities shall be by mosquitoes and rodents? provided during construction phase breeding habitats prevention to be specified in the EMP. accident risks associated with increased x Traffic in the area can be made vehicular traffic, leading to accidental manageable; spills of toxic materials? Expected during construction but impacts will be temporary. Mitigation measure to be specified in EMP. Contractors will be required to prepare and implement Traffic /Safety Management Plan and Toxic/Hazardous Wastes Management Plan increased noise and air pollution x noise and dust generation are resulting from traffic volume? significant concerns during construction however impacts will be temporary. Vehicle emission controls, providing orientation to drivers to be specified in EMP. Traffic volume is expected to increase significantly during operation phase. Traffic mitigation measure to be specified in EMP.
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increased risk of water pollution from x there is treat of soil and oil, grease and fuel spills, and other groundwater pollution from oil, materials from vehicles using the road? grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road contractors will be required to prepare/implement Toxic/Hazardous Wastes Management Plan social conflicts if workers from other x hiring will be restricted or regions or countries are hired? prioritize to local people of Pakistani citizen large population influx during project x involvement of non-local construction and operation that causes workers will be minimized; increased burden on social local people will be prioritized infrastructure and services (such as to minimize demand for social water supply and sanitation systems)? infrastructures and services; anticipated increased in economic activities and trading will increase demand for social infrastructure and services during operation phase. Resource allocation and mitigation measure to be specified in EMP.
risks to community health and safety x No explosives and chemicals due to the transport, storage, and use will be used for this project. and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fueland other chemicals during construction and operation? community safety risks due to both x Torkham is susceptible to accidental and natural causes, geological hazards especially especially where the structural elements earthquake thus could result to or components of the project are injury; accessible to members of the affected Access to restricted areas can community or where their failure could be controlled during result in injury to the community construction and operation throughout project construction, phases of the project operation anddecommissioning. C. Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this check list to help identify potential climate and disaster risks
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Is the Project area subject to hazards x The area is susceptible to such as earthquakes, floods, earthquake; landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm Can be mitigated by surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions incorporating this concern in and climate changes the project design Could changes in temperature, x Not applicable precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., increased erosion or landslides could increase maintenance costs, permafrost melting or increased soil moisture content could affect sub-grade). Are there any demographic or socio- x Not applicable economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)? Could the Project potentially increase x Not applicable the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by encouraging settlement in areas that will be more affected by floods in the future, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?
263. Environment Categorization
264. Based on the rapid environmental assessment conducted, there are no sensitive areas that will be significantly affected by the project. During construction, earth and civil works are expected to generate minimal and short term and insignificant impact and risks to the existing environment.
265. Mitigation measures for such impacts can be formulated and implemented; hence, the overall project categorization is Category B.
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ANNEX 2: Aerial Map of the Proposed Site Development
266. Map 1 – Overlay of the proposed site development plan with latest satellite image of the project area
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ANNEX 3: Map Seismic Hazard Zone of Pakistan
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ANNEX 4: Composite Hazard Map of Pakistan
269.
270.
271.
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ANNEX 6: Chance Find Procedures of Physical and Cultural Resources
Works could impact sites of social, sacred, religious, or heritage value. “Chance find” procedures would apply when those sites are identified during the design phase or during the actual construction period and the related activity will not be eligible for financing under the project.
(1) Cultural property includes monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of significant points of view, and are defined as sites and structures having archaeological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values. This includes cemeteries, graveyards and graves.
(2) The list of negative subproject attributes which would make a subproject ineligible for support includes any activity that would adversely impact cultural property.
(3) In the event of finding of properties of cultural value during construction, the following procedures for identification, protection from theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts should be followed and included in standard bidding document.
o Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;
o Delineate the discovered site or area;
o Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects.
o Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities;
o Responsible local authorities and the relevant Ministry would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures.
o Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the relevant Ministry. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance), conservation, restoration and salvage.
o Implementation of the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the relevant Ministry.
o Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible local authorities and the relevant Ministry concerning safeguard of the heritage.
(4) These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts. During project supervision, the Site Engineer shall monitor the above regulations relating to the treatment of any chance find encountered.
(5) Relevant findings will be recorded in Bank Supervision Reports and Implementation Completion Reports will assess the overall effectiveness of the project’s cultural property mitigation, management, and activities, as appropriate.
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ANNEX 7: Environmental Monitoring Reports
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ANNEX 8: Governor KP Notifications
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Notification2
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Annexture – 9List of Persons conducted Social Surveys
Sr. Id Card Contact Name Father Name Tribe No. No. Number Naik KhugaKhel/ Ashraf 1 ZakirUmer - Muhammad Khel 21203- KhugaKhel/Sheikh 2 Salim Khan Ali Muhammad 8608938- Mala Khel 7 3 Kalim Jan - - KhugaKhel
21203- 4 M.Nawaz Shano 7956898- KhugaKhel/KandoKhel 5 21203- Dost 5 Najeebullah 4276974- KhugaKhel/ FatimiKhel Muhammad 7 KhugaKhel/Ashraf 6 M. Younis Sheir Ali Khan - Khel 21203- KhugaKhel/Sheikh 7 Sameen Khan Shahzad Noor 4276974- 0303- Mala Khel 7 5718736 21203- 11 Ali Umer Jamal Khan 8930416- 0304- KhugaKhel/Shinwari 5 5314946 21203- 12 M.Nawaz Shano 7956898- KhugaKhel/Shinwari 5 21203- 13 Syed Ali Shah Malik Shah 6529229- 0300- Shinwari 7 0944803
14 Taj u din Merab u din - Shinwari 21203- 0300- 15 Wahid Khan Samar Khan 5575342- 5918549 KhugaKhel 9 21203- 16 Jihad Ali Abdus Salam 5516097- Shinwari 9 21203- KhugaKhel/Ashraf 17 Laiq Shah Hassan Shah 4068719- 0307- Khel 1 5926889 21203- KhugaKhel/Ashraf 18 Aitbar Khan Dunya Khan 3607429- Khel 3 21203- KhugaKhel/Ashraf 19 M.Karim M.Nasim 5051098- Khel 9 21203- KhugaKhel/Ashraf 20 Mohajmeen Ali Sahib Ali 5334920- Khel 3 21203- KhugaKhel/Ashraf 21 Kismat Ali Sawat Khan 1583907- 0301- Khel 3 8198590
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KhugaKhel/Ashraf 22 Awal Rahim - - Khel 21203- 23 Zubair Khan Ashor Khan 4759844- 0306- KhugaKhel/ZakaKhel 1 8305724 21203- 24 Rasol Shah Daod Khan 4759844- 0346- Shinwari 1 8793697 21203- 0300- 25 EssaKhel Gulmar 8661887- 9397318 Shinwari 1 21203- 0308- 26 Qawiullah Razol Khan 6768463- 5792001 Shinwari 5
27 Ijaz Khera Khan - 0303- Shinwari 8453850
28 Abdul Majeed Said Aslam Shinwari 21203- 29 Fayaz Khan Noor Ghulam 5011564- 0346- Shinwari 1 8793697 Khan 21203- 0302- 30 Jaffar Khan Shinwari Muhammad 87838-7 5513035 21203- 31 M. Irfan Nadir Shah 6519806- 0333- Shinwari 1 9375145
32 Janullah Haji Aslam Shinwari 21203- 33 Haq Nawaz M. Akram 9073133- Shinwari 5
34 Sabir Shah Rasheed - 21301- 0321- 35 M.Azam Habib 6898403- 9393015 9 21301- 0321- 36 ZameerGul Habib 4056652- 9393015 5 21301- 0321- 37 Abdul Wahab Habib 3963060- 9393015 1 0300- 38 Shaheen Khan Shamroz KhugaKhel/KandeKhel 7977223 0300- 39 GhulamMahayudin Malik Sherwali KhugaKhel 3954453 Aziz Ur Rehman BismeUllahJa 40 KhugaKhel
41 Peer Muhammad Khan Zali KhugaKhel/KandeKhel
42 Muhammad Nazar Sardar Khan KhugaKhel
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Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
43 ArifUllah Mahmood KhugaKhel
44 EwazUllah AzmatUllah KhugaKhel/KandeKhel
45 Muhammad Tahir RafiqUllah KhugaKhel
46 Babu Khan Marsaleen KhugaKhel
47 NihmatUllah Babu Shah KhugaKhel/KandeKhel
48 Ashfaq HabibUllah KhugaKhel
49 AzeemUllah Aslam Khan KhugaKhel
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Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
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Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
ANNEX 10: Photo log
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Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
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Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project
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