Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 46378-002 October 2018 PAK: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improving Border Services Project Project Torkham Border Crossing Point Prepared by the TERA International Group, Inc., USA for the Federal Board of Revenue, Government of Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank. This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status or any territory or area. INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) (Updated) PAK: Regional Improving Border Services Project Torkham Border Crossing Point (BCP) October 2018 Prepared by Project Management Consultants for CAREC-RIBS Project This updated initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section in ADB website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgements as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project Table of Contents Introduction 1 Project Background 1 Need for the Project 2 Purpose of the IEE and Methodology 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the IEE 3 1.3.2 Methodology 3 1.3.3 Review of Project Related Documents and Literature 3 1.3.4 Data Collection 3 1.3.5 Impact Prediction and Environmental Management Plan 4 1.3.6 Stakeholder Consultations 4 1.3.7 EMP Implementation Planning 4 Proponent of the Project 5 IEE Team 5 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 6 General 6 Legal Framework for Environmental Management 6 National Environmental Regulatory Framework 6 2.3.1 General 6 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 7 Interaction with other Agencies 9 2.5.1 Regulatory Clearances, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NWFP-EPA) 9 2.5.2 Provincial Governments/Federal EPA 9 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 9 2.6.1 General 9 Screening and Categorization 9 IEE Compliance with Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles 10 Description of Project 13 Project Location 13 Project Components 13 Description of Existing Environment 19 Topography and Soil 19 Geology 19 Climate 20 Air quality 20 Water resources 21 Surface Water 21 Forest Vegetation and Terrestrial Ecology 22 TOC | i Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project Human and Socio-Economic Conditions 24 Demographic Profile 24 Public Health Facilities 25 Land Uses and Facilities 26 Infrastructure and Utilities in the Project Area 26 Education 27 Energy Resources 28 Historical & Cultural Heritage 28 Communities and Stakeholders 28 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 30 Project Area of Influence 30 Impacts due to Design/Pre-Construction Phase 31 5.2.1 Impact on private and public property 31 5.2.2 Potential geology-related and other natural events impacts 32 5.2.3 Identification of Locations for Labour Camps and ancillary facilities 32 5.2.4 Development of Traffic Management Plan 33 Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase 34 Air pollution 36 Noise and vibration 38 Water and soil pollution (from domestic waste water and construction hazardous materials) 39 Waste handling and spill response 40 Cultural Heritage Resources 41 Occupational health hazards for construction workers 42 Accidents and Hazards 42 Employment Conflicts 43 Vegetation and Wildlife Loss 44 Traffic Concerns 44 Impacts and mitigation measures during operation phase 46 Air pollution 47 Noise and vibration 48 Water pollution 49 Biological Environment 51 Traffic Concern 51 Adaptability of Public Crossing BCP to New Conditions 51 Analysis of Alternatives 52 Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation 54 Introduction 54 Identification of Main Stakeholders 54 Approach for Public Consultation and Objectives 55 TOC | ii Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project Meetings with Stakeholders 56 Information Disseminated 56 Findings of FGD withLocal Residents and Businessescommunity 57 Outcomes of FGD with Local Residents and Businesses 57 Concerns raised by Affected Persons 58 Findings of FGD With Affected Landowners 58 Outcomes of FGD with Jirga 59 Grievance Redress Mechanism 61 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 61 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 64 Organisation Structure of EMP Implementation 64 Inclusion of EMP in Contract documents 65 Institutional Arrangements 65 Geology-related and other natural events 70 Environmental Monitoring 100 9.4.1 Objective and Rationale 100 9.4.2 Monitoring of Construction Impacts 100 9.4.3 Monitoring of Impacts of Operation Phase 101 9.4.4 Hiring of Contractor’s Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Staff 101 9.4.5 Monitoring Parameters 101 9.4.6 Environmental Capacity Building and Training 102 9.4.7 Summary Cost of EMP 103 Conclusion and Recommendations 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 ANNEX 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment – Torkham BCP 110 ANNEX 2: Aerial Map of the Proposed Site Development 115 ANNEX 3: Map Seismic Hazard Zone of Pakistan 116 ANNEX 4: Composite Hazard Map of Pakistan 117 ANNEX 6: Chance Find Procedures of Physical and Cultural Resources 118 ANNEX 7: Environmental Monitoring Reports 119 ANNEX 8: Governor KP Notifications 122 ANNEX 10: Photo log 130 TOC | iii Initial Environmental Examination (Updated): RIBS-Torkham BCP Project List of Tables Table 2.12.1: Environmental Safeguard Policy Principles and IEE Document Compliance ..... 10 Table 4.4.1: MonthlyClimateParametersof Peshawar .............................................................. 20 Table 4.5.1:Ambient Air Quality of the Project Area................................................................. 21 Table 4.7.1: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water ................................................... 22 Table 4.10.1: Population Details of Khyber Agency ................................................................. 25 Table 4.10.2: Total Estimated Population ................................................................................ 25 Table 5.2.2: Total of Affected Structures ................................................................................. 32 Table 5.3.2: Summary of Possible Impacts during Construction Phase ................................... 34 Table 5.3.1: Control measures for Fugitive Dust emissions ..................................................... 37 Table 5.4.1: Summary of Possible Impacts during Operation Phase ....................................... 46 Table 5.4.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air .................................. 47 Table 5.5.1: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 13 ......................................... 49 Table 5.6.1: Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standard for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents ........................................................................................................... 49 Table 7.2.1: Stakeholders and Consultation Tools for Torkham BCP ...................................... 55 Table 7.4.1: Stakeholder Consultations Conducted for Torkham BCP .................................... 56 Table 7.9.1: Participants Profile of FGD with Jirga .................................................................. 58 Table 9.3.1: Responsibility of organisations involved in project execution ............................... 65 Table 9.3.2: Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................ 68 Table 9.9.1: Cost of Environmental Monitoring Works ........................................................... 102 Table 9.11.1: Summary of EMP Cost .................................................................................... 103 Table 9.11.2: Proposed Capacity Building and Training ........................................................ 104 Table 9.11.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................................ 105 List of Figures Figure 3.1.1: BCPs Location Map............................................................................................ 13 Figure 3.2.1: 59.31 acres of project development as depicted in image .................................. 17 Figure 5.1.1: Torkham BCP Project Area ................................................................................ 31 Figure 8.1.1: Proposed grievance redress mechanism ............................................................ 63 Figure 9.1.1:Organization Chart for Environment Management/ Monitoring implementation ... 64 Currency Equivalents $1.00 (US Dollar) 123.00 Pakistani Rupees (PKR 1 Pakistani Rupees (PKR $0.0081 (US Dollar) LIST OF UNITS m3 = Cubic Meter(s) ppb = Parts per Billion m2 = Square Meter(s) L = Litre ha = Hectares yr = Year m = Meter hr = Hour mg = Milligram min