Peshawar Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Home , Indus Highway, Jamrud, Jamrud Fort, Peshawar Northern Bypass, Peshawar Ring Road, Torkham

Public Disclosure Authorized Safeguard Instruments Component I – ESIA and RAP

Component II – EMF, RPF and SMF

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized January 2018

Safeguard Instumengts of the Peshawar-Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Table of Contents 1 Introduction ...... 4 1.1 Background of the Peshawar – Torkham Economic Corridor ...... 4 1.2 Components of the Proposed Project ...... 5 2 Legal and Regulatory Requirements ...... 6 2.1 Applicable National Regulatory Requirements ...... 6 2.2 The World Bank ...... 8 2.2.1 Category and Triggered Policies ...... 8 3 Description of the Project ...... 9 3.1 Project Area ...... 9 3.2 Component I Peshawar – Torkham Expressway Project Description ...... 9 3.2.1 Project Design Components and Facilities ...... 10 3.2.2 Construction Material requirement ...... 11 3.2.3 Temporary facilities ...... 12 3.2.4 Refreshment Area and Rescue/Trauma Center ...... 12 3.3 Component II Allied Facilities Along Expressway Corridor Description ...... 12 3.3.1 National Single Window ...... 12 3.3.2 Strategic Technical Assistance ...... 12 3.3.3 Secondary Transport Infrastructure ...... 13 3.3.4 Upgrading of Industrial Zones ...... 13 3.3.5 Skills Development ...... 13 A‐1 Environment and Social Impact Assessment ...... 13 4 Introduction ...... 13 4.1 Approach to Work ...... 13 4.2 Objective of the ESIA ...... 14 5 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 14 5.1 No Project Option ...... 1 4 5.2 Improving Existing Road Alignment ...... 14 5.3 Proposed Project Alignment ...... 15 5.4 Alternative Comparison and Conclusion ...... 15

Executive Summary

ESIA of Peshawar-Torkham Motorway

6 Environmental and Social Baseline Study...... 16 6.1 Ambient Baseline ...... 1 6 6.2 Physical Environment: ...... 17 6.3 Biological Environment: ...... 18 6.4 Socio‐Economic Baseline Conditions ...... 19 6.4.1 Broad Socioeconomic Profile of the Area ...... 19 6.4.2 Socioeconomic Profile of Project Affected Persons ...... 20 6.5 Physical and Cultural Resources ...... 22 7 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ...... 23 7.1 Environmental Impacts ...... 23 7.2 Social Impacts ...... 24 7.3 Potential Impact Identified by Stakeholders ...... 25 7.4 Mitigation Measures for Component I Expressway ...... 26 8 Environmental and Social Management Plan ...... 28 8.1 Institutional Arrangement ...... 28 8.2 Environmental Monitoring ...... 29 8.3 Environmental and Social Trainings ...... 29 8.4 Environmental and Social Management Budget ...... 32 9 Public Consultation ...... 32 9.1 Consultation Process ...... 32 9.1.1 Consultation with Female PAPs ...... 33 9.2 Commonly Raised Concerns of stakeholders ...... 33 9.2.1 Addressing Stakeholders Concerns ...... 33 9.3 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders ...... 34 10 Complaints and Grievances ...... 34 10.1 Procedures for Grievance Handling ...... 35 10.1.1 Jirga Level ...... 35 10.1.2 Grievance Redress Committee ...... 35 10.1.3 Project Management Unit (PMU) ...... 36 10.2 Community Outreach and Information Dissemination ...... 36

Executive Summary

ESIA of Peshawar-Torkham Motorway

A‐2 Resettlement Action Plan ...... 36 1 Introduction ...... 36 2 Social Impact Assessment Approach and Methodology ...... 36 3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ...... 37 4 Profile of the Project Area ...... 39 5 Socio‐Economic Profile of PAPs ...... 39 6 Community Participation, Consultation and Disclosure ...... 40 7 Applicable Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ...... 41 8 Compensation, Income Restoration and Relocation ...... 42 9 Institutional Arrangements ...... 44 10 Complaints and Grievances ...... 44 11 Implementation of RAP ...... 45 12 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 45 13 Resettlement Budget ...... 45 B ‐1 Environment Management Framework ...... 46 1. Introduction ...... 46 1.1. Objectives of ESMF ...... 46 2. Assessment Process for Projects ...... 46 2.1. Screening Process ...... 46 2.2. Sub‐Project Assessment ...... 47 2.3. Sub‐Project with EIA Requirement ...... 47 2.4. Sub‐Project with EMP/IEE Requirement ...... 48 3. Institutional Arrangement ...... 48 4. Environmental Management Plan ...... 49 4.1. Potential Impacts ...... 49 4.2. Mitigation and Monitoring Plan ...... 56 5. Implementation Budget ...... 56 B‐2 Resettlement Policy Framework...... 56 1. Introduction ...... 56 2. Regulatory and Policy Requirements ...... 56 3. Scope of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ...... 57 4. Potential Resettlement Impacts of the Project ...... 57

Executive Summary

ESIA of Peshawar-Torkham Motorway

5. Eligibility and Entitlement ...... 57 6. Resettlement Planning ...... 62 7. RAP Preparation ...... 62 8. Implementation Arrangements ...... 63 9. Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 63 10. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 64 11. Documentation and Reporting ...... 64 12. Budget and Financing ...... 65 13. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 65 B ‐3 Social Management Framework ...... 66 1. Principles and Methodology ...... 66 2. Social Screening of Component II of PTEC Project ...... 66 3. Screening of Social Impacts ...... 66 4. Social Impacts ...... 72 5. Social Screening of the Sub‐Projects ...... 72 6. Public Consultations and Disclosure ...... 73 7. Gender Development Framework ...... 73 8. Labour Management Framework ...... 73 9. Institutional Arrangements, GRM and M&E ...... 74 10. Capacity Development and Training ...... 74 11. SMF Budget ...... 74

Safeguard Instumengts of the Peshawar-Torkham Economic Corridor Project

List of Figures Figure 1‐1 Project Area Map ...... 5 Figure 3‐1 Strip Map Illustrating the Road Alignment ...... 9 Figure 3‐2 The Existing and Proposed New Alignments ...... 10 Figure 3‐3: Map of Borrow Areas along Alignment ...... 11 Figure 6‐1 Location of Physical Cultural Resources/ Heritage Sites along the proposed Alignment ...... 22

Safeguard Instumengts of the Peshawar-Torkham Economic Corridor Project

List of Tables Table 1: List of Bridges, Interchanges, and flyovers with respective distance in Km’s ...... 10 Table 2 Technical Comparison of Alternatives ...... 15 Table 3 Summary of Key Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts ...... 15 Table 4: Summary of Significant Environmental Impacts ...... 23 Table 5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 30 Table 6: Environmental and Social Trainings ...... 31 Table 7: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management ...... 32 Table 8: Categories of Affected Assets and Number of PAFs ...... 37 Table 9: Summary of Affected Land ...... 38 Table 10: PAPs’ Other Assets ...... 38 Table 11: Compensation Entitlement Matrix ...... 42 Table 12: Proposed Indicative Resettlement Budget ...... 45 Table 13 Sub‐Project Classification by Categories and Safeguard Documents Required ...... 47 Table 14 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan ...... 50 Table 15: Entitlement Matrix ...... 58 Table 16: Social Impacts of Project Activities of Component II of PTEC Project ...... 68

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

List of Acronyms ACE Associated Consulting Engineers ACI American Concrete Institute ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ASTM American Society for Testing and Material BHU Basic Health Unit BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities CPEC China Pakistan Economic Corridor COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CSC Construction Supervision Consultants DDE Deputy Director Environment DEMM Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMMP Environment Mitigation and Monitoring Plan EMP Environment Management Plan EPC Environmental Protection Council ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan ESSAF Environment and Social Screening and Assessment Framework FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FHA Frontier Highways Authority FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs‐Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) GoKP Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa GoP Government of Pakistan HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSE Health Safety Equipment IEE Initial Environmental Examination IEM Independent Environmental Monitor JUI Jamiat‐i‐Ulmai‐Islam KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MBT Main Boundary Thrust MDTF Multi Donor Trust Fund MMT Main Mantle Thrust NCS National Conservation Strategy NDIR Non Dispersive Infra‐Red NEQs National Environment Quality Standards NGOs Non–Government Organizations NHA National Highway Authority NOC No Objection Certificate NWFP North West Frontier Province O&M Operation and Maintenance OP Operational Policy Pak–EPA Pakistan Environment Protection Agency PAP Project Affected Person

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

PCO Public Call Office PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency PEPC Pakistan Environment Protection Council PHED Public Health Engineering Department PKR Pak Rupees PM Project Manager PMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party PMC Project Management PPC Pakistan Penal Code PPE Personal Protective Equipment PR Public Relations PSC Project Steering Committee PSDP Public Sector Development Project PSQCA Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Limited PTV Pakistan Television RE Resident Engineer ROW Right of Way SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SRO Statutory Regulation Order UBC Uniform Building Code VOC Vehicle Operating Cost WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

1 Introduction The executive summary covers the two main components of the project. A hybrid approach has been followed for this project. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) has been prepared for Component I and a framework approach has been followed for Component II as specific details about different sub‐projects under Component II are not known at present. 1.1 Background of the Peshawar – Torkham Economic Corridor The Government of Pakistan has a started developing a strategic program of physical infrastructure under its Vision 2025. The Vision 2025 emphasizes Pakistan’s locational advantage in leveraging the development of multiple corridors of regional cooperation, involving energy, industry, trade, and transportation. Pillar VII in particular aims at the realization of these aims. The China‐Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is one such project which is currently being implemented under this vision. CPEC is a collection of infrastructure projects currently under construction throughout Pakistan. Originally valued at $46 billion, the value of CPEC projects is now estimated at $62 billion and is intended to rapidly modernize Pakistani infrastructure and strengthen its economy by the construction of modern transportation networks, numerous energy projects, and special economic zones. Inefficiencies stemming from Pakistan's mostly dilapidated transportation network are estimated by the government to cause a loss of 3.5 percent of the country's annual gross domestic product. Modern transportation networks built under CPEC will link seaports in Gawadar and Karachi with northern Pakistan, as well as points further north in western China and Central Asia. The National Highway Authority (NHA) is developing a transport connectivity program that will link Afghanistan to CPEC via the two border crossings at Chaman in Baluchistan and Torkham in FATA. This project aims at strengthening regional ties with Afghanistan and has formulated plans for developing a expressway from Peshawar through Torkham to Kabul. The Peshawar‐Kabul expressway, a 281 Km long stretch of the motorway will connect Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber‐Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province in Pakistan with Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. This link will be provided through Torkham, the strip that forms the border between Afghanistan and KP in Pakistan. This Peshawar – Kabul expressway has been termed as the Gateway to Central Asia and comprises three parts: . 50 Km long Peshawar‐Torkham Motorway . 76 Km long Torkham to Jalalabad Motorway . 155 Km long Jalalabad to Kabul Motorway Section I: Peshawar ‐ Torkham (Pakistan)—The Project: The Peshawar‐Torkham has a total length of 50 km. It will build on a new alignment with improved geometry. It starts from the Peshawar Ring road near Hayatabad town which is about 12 km away from Peshawar city and ends at Torkham. Section II: Torkham‐ Jalalabad (Afghanistan): According to the current scenario, this section of the road, for which the alignment and design have not been finalized, is expected to be around 76 km from Torkham to Jalalabad in Afghanistan. It is considered as the major link facilitating trade between the two nations as well as Afghan transit trade and a step towards Pakistan’s road access to the Central Asian states. Section III: Jalalabad – Kabul (Afghanistan): According to the current scenario, this section of this road alignment under Section III will start from the Jalalabad, which is situated at the junction of Kabul and Kunhar River near the Laghman valley and after travelling a distance of 155 km, will end in Kabul (changes are expected in the design and route alignment).

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

1.2 Components of the Proposed Project The Peshawar – Torkham Economic Corridor Project comprises two main components which are briefly described in the following paragraphs. Figure 1‐1 below shows the overall project. Figure 1‐1 Project Area Map

Component I – Expressway Development: The anchor of the Peshawar – Torkham Economic Corridor is a new expressway which will provide a reliable and safe driving environment with higher travelling speeds. The existing Peshawar‐Torkham road is part of National Highway N‐5 that traverses the historic Khyber Pass which has great historical significance and has been an important trade route between Central and South Asia. The 400‐year old existing carriageway is a 6.0‐meter‐wide, two‐lane facility with earthen shoulders. Improvements to the existing highway are constrained by heavy population settlements on either side, a railway line running adjacent to the road, and steep gradients and sharp curves that are difficult for large multi‐axle commercial trucks to negotiate. Geometrics are inadequate to cater for the modern high speed heavy vehicular traffic. The proposed four‐lane expressway will be built on a new alignment with much improved geometry and will be constructed as a dual highway facility with a 7.3‐ meter‐wide carriageway on each side and 3.0‐meter‐wide treated shoulders. The expressway will provide a reliable and safe driving environment with higher travelling speeds resulting in reductions in transit time and costs for regional and international goods using the Peshawar‐Torkham corridor. The proposed expressway is an extension of the Karachi‐Lahore‐Islamabad‐Peshawar Trans‐Pakistan Expressway System as well as part of the envisioned Peshawar‐Kabul‐Dushanbe Motorway. Component‐II – Economic Corridor Development: This component aims, in conjunction with other projects, to alleviate the main constraints on the development of key regional value chains – particularly marble and horticulture ‐ in the Greater Peshawar area to maximize the benefits of the Expressway for the region. The main constraints include (listed by decreasing order of importance): insecurity (including for female workers), difficult access to markets (hard and soft infrastructure issues), land (unsecured mining rights, lack of irrigated and industrial land), utilities, skill levels and finance (the latter being largely a consequence of the other constraints). Component II focuses on alleviating some of these constraints in conjunction with other projects on‐going or planned initiatives. For instance, while access to

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

entrepreneurial and managerial skills is addressed by the Multi‐Donor Trust Fund for the Economic Rehabilitation of KP and FATA (MDTF‐ERKF), technical skills in strategic sectors are not, creating a role for PTEC to provide these skills. Similarly, access to finance is being addressed by other projects and consequently not included in PTEC. Also, and at the request of the governments of KP and FATA, Component‐II focuses on FATA specifically, where the needs are the greatest and where on‐going and planned initiatives are relatively limited. Component‐II investments seek to facilitate improvements in the productivity of existing enterprises in FATA and encourage private investments in the area. Two target sectors are marble production, a sector in which FATA has 446 processing units (which account for 20 percent of Pakistan’s production); and horticulture. Both sectors have great potential for export. For instance, although marble exports are currently limited, the mineral can fetch prices around five to ten times higher in international markets than in local markets. Fruits and vegetables, which may be further processed, already comprise a substantial share of export volume through Torkham. Further, both sectors have substantial participation by SMEs, and given their relatively high labor intensity, show great potential for employment of internally displaced people (IDPs), women, and youth. In the longer term, the project may catalyze investment in light manufacturing, a sector in which Chinese investors have already expressed interest, and the potential for which will grow with increased regional connectivity through CPEC. Guided by the Master Plan for the Peshawar Torkham Economic Corridor, the Component II will finance a variety of hard infrastructure to reduce the costs of transporting goods between the rest of Pakistan and the Peshawar Torkham Expressway and across the Torkham border. Types of infrastructure that may be financed include: secondary and linkage roads (including bypasses); trucking and warehousing facilities; and the development of PPPs for market infrastructure, such as modern warehousing facilities and display centers at the junction of the Expressway and the Indus Highway (N‐55). The sub‐component will also finance investments to improve the efficiency of cargo processing at the Torkham border to complement the improvements supported by the ADB (e.g. improved inspection regime). This activity may also support Investments will be fully coordinated with other donor and stakeholder agencies, especially USAID, which is engaged in developing linkage roads in KP, and ADB, which is financing hard infrastructure for trade facilitation along the corridor.

2 Legal and Regulatory Requirements 2.1 Applicable National Regulatory Requirements Pakistan has a basic policy and legislative framework for the protection of the environment and overall biodiversity in the country. However, detailed rules, regulations and guidelines required for the implementation of the policies and enforcement of legislation are still at various stages of formulation and discussion. The following paragraphs briefly describe the legislative framework covering key legal requirements under the environmental and social framework relevant to this project. National Environmental Policy (NEP) provides a framework for addressing the environmental issues. NEP’s goal is “to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s environment in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable development.” Section 5 of the policy commits for integration of environment into development planning as an instrument for achieving the objectives of the National Environmental Policy. It also provides broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial Governments, Federally Administered Territories and Local Governments to address their environmental concerns and to ensure effective management of their environmental resources.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

The Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), which has been designed to complement the NCS and the proposed provincial conservation strategies, identifies the causes of biodiversity loss in Pakistan and suggests a series of proposals for action to conserve biodiversity in the country. The BAP recognises that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) / Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is used as a tool at a project level to identify environmental effects of a proposed project and to plan for reducing adverse effects. The BAP further stipulates that an EIA/IEE needs to be initiated at an early stage of project development and that public participation in the review of potential effects is important. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (PEPA) is the basic legislative tool empowering the Government of Pakistan to frame and enforce regulations for the protection of environment. The PEPA 1997 is broadly applicable to air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, and handling of hazardous wastes. Its main sections are Section 11 which prohibits discharge of emissions, Section 12 requires preparation of IEE and EIA prior to commencement of work, Section 14 restricts use and handing of hazardous substances and Section 17 deals with the penalties. Post the adoption of the 18th constitutional amendment in 2011, the subject of environment was devolved and the provinces were granted autonomy for environmental protection and conservation. Subsequently the KPK government amended PEPA 1997 as the KPK Environmental Protection Act, 2014. The Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000, provides the necessary details on the preparation, submission, and review of IEE and EIA. The Regulation classifies projects on the basis of the expected degree of adverse environmental impacts and lists them in two separate schedules. Schedule I lists projects that may not have significant environmental impacts and therefore require an IEE. Schedule II lists projects of potentially significant environmental impacts requiring preparation of an EIA. The Regulations also require that all projects located in environmentally sensitive areas require preparation of an EIA. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) promulgated under the PEPA (Amended 2012) specify standards for industrial and municipal effluents, gaseous emissions, vehicular emissions, and noise levels. The PEPA 2012 empowers the EPA to impose pollution charges in case of non‐compliance to the NEQS. It also defines standards for drinking water as well as ambient air and noise. The Pakistan Penal Code (1860) authorises fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary corruption or fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to make them less fit for ordinary use. The Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894 amended from time to time has been the policy governing land acquisition, resettlement and compensation in the country. The LAA is the most commonly used law for acquisition of land and other properties for development projects. The Frontier Crimes Regulations 1901, (FCR) sanctions the tribal customary practices as the appropriate means to deal with crimes and civil issues in tribal areas, establishes the authority and the jurisdiction of the Political Agent (PA) as the supreme representative of the Government in those areas, and stipulates that legal rulings are to be taken by the PA in agreement with the Tribal leaders. In FCR 1901 under regulation 56 the property rights are protected and no person can be deprived of his assets without compensation on consensus rate. The regulations do not specifically provide any environment related directives, but it outlines the administrative setup and the judicial system in the area. The Constitution of Pakistan: Under article 247(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan, acts of Parliament do not apply to Federally Administered Tribal Areas unless the President so directs. The criminal code of Pakistan does not apply to the tribal areas and Article 247(7) of the Constitution debars the jurisdiction of the country’s high courts and the Supreme Court from the tribal areas.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

The constitution of Pakistan contains a range of provisions related to labor rights found in Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy. Article 11 of the constitution prohibits all forms of slavery, forced labour, and child labour. Article 17 provides for a fundamental right to exercise the freedom of association and the right to form unions. Article 18 prescribes the right of its citizens to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation and to conduct any lawful trade or business. Article 25 lays down the right to equality before the law and prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex alone. Article 37(e) makes provision for securing just and humane conditions of work, ensuring that children and women are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age or sex, and for maternity benefits for women in employment. 2.2 The World Bank 2.2.1 Category and Triggered Policies The Peshawar – Torkham Economic Corridor Project has been categorized as “Category A” project requiring detailed environmental and social assessment (ESA) as well as development and implementation of an environmental and social management plan (ESMP). For category “A” projects borrowers are required to consult with project affected groups and local non‐governmental organizations about the project’s environmental aspects and take their views into account. Borrowers must (a) initiate consultations as early as possible; (b) consult groups at least twice (before terms of reference for the assessment are finalized and once draft assessment report is prepared); (c) consult affected groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address related issues. 2.2.1.1 OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment Component I of the project will finance construction of an expressway on a new alignment with significant adverse environmental and social impacts. Therefore, the policy has been triggered. Component II includes the rehabilitation of existing secondary roads and investments as per Greater Peshawar Development Plan. These investments could include IPPs, Common Effluent Treatment Plants, truck/dry port, etc. and may also have significant environmental impacts some of which can also be irreversible. An ESIA has been prepared for Component I and an Environmental Management Framework for Component II. 2.2.1.2 OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources There are sites of historical and cultural interest in the vicinity of project area and therefore this policy has been triggered. It is important to mention that none of these PCR comes into the alignment of the Peshawar – Torkham expressway under Component I. The site specific ESMP under CComponent II will assess the impact, if any and will formulate mitigating measures and a physical cultural resources management plan. 2.2.1.3 OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement The World Bank aims to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible. However, where acquisition of land or assets is necessary, the Policy sets out requirements for participation in resettlement planning, mandates compensation for assets at replacement costs and expects the borrower to see that incomes and standards of living of affected persons are improved or at least restored to what they were prior to displacement. This policy also promotes community participation in planning and implementation of resettlement. It provides assistance to the affected persons regardless of legality of land tenure. This Policy has been triggered by the project. A Resettlement Action Plan has been prepared for Component I and Resettlement Policy framework has been prepared for Component II.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

2.2.1.4 Access to Information This Policy sets out the Bank’s requirements for disclosing and sharing information. This Policy reaffirms the Banks’s commitment to transparency and accountability in its activities for promoting development effectiveness and poverty reduction.

3 Description of the Project 3.1 Project Area The Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project is to be located in Khyber Agency of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The Expressway under CComponent I starts from the end of Peshawar Northern Bypass about 12 km from the city and ends in Torkham. All activities of the Component II are going to take place in FATA. 3.2 Component I Peshawar – Torkham Expressway Project Description The proposed project starts from the end of the Peshawar Northern Bypass at the Takhta Baig Bridge from tehsil Jamrud of Khyber Agency and ends at the Torkham border and mostly follows the valleys and hilly slopes. The proposed 4‐lane Expressway will be built on a new alignment with much improved geometry and will be constructed as a dual highway facility with a 7.3‐meter‐wide carriageway on each side and 3.0‐ meter‐wide treated shoulders. The proposed right of way (ROW) will be 100 m for the entire route. the Expressway passes through Peshawar ‐ Jamrud – Baghyari post‐ Lala China‐ Ali Masjid – Kata Kashta‐ GagraSar‐ Char Bagh‐ Gurjura ‐ WaliKhel ‐ LandiKotal ‐ Torkham. The first 6 km of the Expressway pass through Shakus relatively plain area, the next few kilometers from the 6th km to the 22nd km pass through hills and along the bed of Nullah; from 22nd km to 28th km, it joins the existing road (as no other alternative is viable) and passes through settlements; from 28th to 36th km it passes along existing roads and hilly tracks through villages, from 36th km to 40th km it traverses through areas climbing to an altitude of 1100 meters and then for the next 8 km it descends to 700 meters approximately and terminates at Afghan border. The Strip MAP based on preliminary design illustrating the road alignment is given in Figure 3‐1 and Figure 3‐2 gives a comparison in relation to the existing National Highway, N‐5.

Figure 3‐1 Strip Map Illustrating the Road Alignment

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Figure 3‐2 The Existing and Proposed New Alignments 3.2.1 Project Design Components and Facilities The proposed preliminary design of the Project was prepared considering motorway design standards. The infrastructure facilities of the proposed Expressway include two interchanges to allow free flow of traffic. In addition, a number of bridges have been proposed at Ali Masjid and efforts have been made to minimize resettlement and social issues. The details of the design components and facilities are provided in the Table 1. Throughout the alignment, ROW and horizontal radius will be variable. Table 1: List of Bridges, Interchanges, and flyovers with respective distance in Km’s

Facilities/ No. Location Remarks Infrastructure Km 27+000 For free flow of traffic. Interchanges 02 Km 29+400 1. At the start point of Motorway 2. Walikel Interchange Km 5+590 Km 21+500 To allow the free flow of traffic on the existing N‐5 and Underpasses 04 Km 28+910 other major roads. Km 45+105 Km 7+435 For small roads and to facilitate local villagers and Subways 03 Km 17+760 cattle for safe cross of highway as safety measures. Km 18+720 At different For local cross drainage and to avoid the impounding Box Culverts 124 locations of the area Km 2+490 For major road crossings and to avoid impact on highly Flyovers 02 Km 43+950 congested properties and settlements. 10

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Facilities/ No. Location Remarks Infrastructure Km 1+120 To facilitate local villagers and cattle for safe crossing Cattle Creeps 02 Km 3+900 of highway as safety measures. At various For cross drainage and to facilitate the local Bridges over Nullah 25 locations population for crossing residing on either side of nullah and streams. 3.2.2 Construction Material requirement The materials to be used in the construction of Peshawar–Torkham Highway would include coarse aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), soil, water, asphalt, reinforcement, cement etc. Almost all these raw materials are mostly locally available along the alignment. Huge magnitude of construction material for proposed Peshawar–Torkham expressway will be procured from approved quarries and new quarries may be required to be approved by the contractor along the construction stage as well. According to the Engineer’s estimate the construction of 48.181 km long expressway, 426,982 tons of sub‐ base material will be required. Blasting remnants of the road track will also be used as raw material for crushing which will be locally crushed to yield aggregate for road pavement and structures. According to the soil investigation report that was carried out along the proposed alignment route, out of 5 borrow sources for embankment, one source at km 27+500 meets the requirement of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for sub‐base material which can be used as sub‐base material. However, two crusher plants were identified for the aggregate base and sub‐base materials. Collected materials from crusher plants at km 10+000 & km 27+500; tested for aggregate base and sub‐base, are suitable for use. Proposed locations for borrow areas are shown in Figure 3‐3.

Figure 3‐3: Map of Borrow Areas along Alignment Estimating the general water requirement for construction to be around 2 percent of the volume of the concrete mix required for the road, the amount of water required for construction is estimated to be

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

83,700 m3. This does not include water required for sprinkling to subdue the dust which may arise as a result of construction activities and to meet the domestic and sanitary needs of the labor at the construction camps. 3.2.3 Temporary facilities Temporary facilities like construction yards, construction camps, workshops, stores will be constructed and the areas will be designated as temporary facilities. The project will also have quarries and excavation areas. The areas required for construction camps will depend upon the deployed manpower and the type and quantity of machinery mobilized. The estimated area required is 1000‐1500 square yard for each camp site. It is expected that about 50 senior staff and 500 labors would be required during project construction. 3.2.4 Refreshment Area and Rescue/Trauma Center Construction of a refreshment area and a rescue/trauma center has been planned as a service for travelers. It is expedient to establish an emergency service for the purpose of maintaining a state of preparedness to deal with emergencies and to provide timely response, rescue and emergency medical treatment to the persons affected by any accidents or any unforeseen circumstances (force majeure such as natural disasters etc.). 3.3 Component II Allied Facilities Along Expressway Corridor Description CComponent II of the project aims to facilitate the realization of agglomeration economies in Greater Peshawar and further integrate local producers into global value chains, activities will be undertaken to: (a) build a critical mass of human capital in economically strategic industries; (b) ease entrepreneurs’ access to finance; (c) encourage the participation of women in economically‐strategic industries; (d) reduce the costs of local, regional, and global trade by both suppliers and producers; (e) increase access of local producers to world‐class supportive infrastructure; and (f) facilitate the coordination and prioritization of infrastructure development. At this stage the exact details of the sub‐projects are unknown and will be finalized during the implementation stage in consultation with the FATA secretariat. However, some of the major projects envisaged at this stage are listed below: 3.3.1 National Single Window The Time Release Study conducted in 2016 at the Torkham border shows that issues on the Pakistani side of the border result in long delays for trucks coming into Pakistan (more than 34 hours on average) as well as for trucks going into Afghanistan (more than 12 hours on average). The project will finance activities to support the modernization of the custom processes through the establishment of a National Single Window (NSW). This will go a long way in improving the time lag at the border check post and helping with quick completion of different formalities along with reducing the traffic jam at Torkham. Since many people visit Peshawar on daily basis for their business, availing medical facilities and education etc., this will be beneficial to them as well. 3.3.2 Strategic Technical Assistance This activity will focus on three major areas: (i) preparation of an integrated Greater Peshawar Economic Development Plan, covering relevant agencies of KP and FATA, that maps existing, on‐going, and planned soft and hard infrastructure, identifies constraints to economic development and poverty alleviation in the area, and offers proposals for policy reform and public investments to address these factors; (ii) reinforcement of key institutions relevant to the economic development of Greater Peshawar and (iii)

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

design and implementation of reforms of the business environment in FATA – in particular securing the mining property rights to promote investments and higher mining yields. 3.3.3 Secondary Transport Infrastructure This activity will support the development and rehabilitation of secondary roads connecting communities and industrial zones in FATA to the Peshawar – Torkham Expressway. This activity may also support the development for instance truck terminals, modern warehousing facilities and display centers at the junction of the Expressway and the Indus Highway (N‐55) which connects the Expressway to the port in Karachi. 3.3.4 Upgrading of Industrial Zones This proposed activity will support infrastructure investments in industrial zones in FATA including Mohmand Marble City (MMC), Shahkus and Mulagori. The nature of investments to be supported will be decided based on independent feasibility assessments inclusive of all stakeholders, and the Greater Peshawar Economic Development Plan. They are expected to include Combined Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), plug‐and‐play industrial buildings for SMEs, training centers (the planned Common Facility Training Center at MMC is a prime candidate) and facilities to promote female employment (i.e. day care centers, safe transportation and housing). The activities will be undertaken by private‐sector firms, after completing the competitive bidding requirements, which will be expected to finance some part of the development cost, with the exact amount to be determined through the competitive process in which the financial contribution from the private sector firm will be a key selection criterion. 3.3.5 Skills Development This sub‐component will complement the training centers in the industrial zones supported by the previous subcomponent. It will focus on helping FDA upgrade and increase capacity of its Women Development Centers aimed at providing the women of FATA with the skills so that they can develop the skills necessary to earn a good living and be less reliant on others for their livelihood. These training facilities will be available in priority to the women affected by the construction of the Expressway. Its success hinges on setting up a robust monitoring & evaluation mechanism. SECTION A – COMPONENT I SAFEGUARD DOCUMENTS

A‐1 Environment and Social Impact Assessment

4 Introduction 4.1 Approach to Work The study has been conducted in accordance with the national regulatory framework and the World Bank Safeguards policies applicable to this project and the requirements for WB financed Category ‘A’ projects. The studies for both components are based on both primary and secondary data and information. The primary data includes data collected from field observations and secondary data includes a review of

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

relevant information from Government Departments. Discussions were held with stakeholders including government officials, community representatives and a wide range of road users and roadside dwellers. The main purpose of this approach was to obtain a fair impression of the people’s perceptions about the project and its environmental impacts. 4.2 Objective of the ESIA The major objective of this Environmental and Social Impact Assessment study for Component I is the identification of the possible and induced impacts of the proposed Project on both short and long‐term bases. The impact identification process focuses particularly on biophysical, socio‐economic, and cultural aspects of the environment. Based on the level and nature of these observations the ESIA then delineates proper mitigation measures to minimize the adverse nature of these impacts which result because of project development. As a planning tool, the ESIA aims to ensure that environmental, socio‐economic and cultural issues throughout the entire project lifecycle are anticipated and considered by the project proponent, in this case, the NHA. It also serves as a framework for establishing project controls to reduce or prevent adverse environmental or socio‐economic impacts.

5 Analysis of Alternatives The following alternatives for the Peshawar‐Torkham Expressway were considered: . No project option; . Improving existing road option; and . Project as proposed. 5.1 No Project Option The existing Peshawar‐Torkham road (N‐5) is 6: meters wide with 2.0 meter shoulders at both sides. The total length of this old road alignment is 40.1 km. The existing alignment (N‐5 Highway) has steep curvatures with minimum radii up to 15m, a situation that poses travel hazards for heavy traffic using this alignment. Continued use of the existing road would not only mean an increase in travel risks, but will also result in higher transportation costs and more travel time between Peshawar to Torkham. Most of the existing alignment passes through built up areas as and has sharp horizontal curves. If this project is not undertaken, the saved resources can be used for other projects in area and would avoid physical, biological and social costs. However, it would mean holding back development projects in severely affected areas of FATA and would deprive the communities of easier access to better health, education, and emergency services. 5.2 Improving Existing Road Alignment One of the alternatives is to widen the existing road and reduce sharp curvatures as well as sharp turns so as to enable the existing alignment to cope with growing traffic volumes and axle loads. However, land acquisition and resettlement will be significant and there will be also potential temporary negative impacts during the construction period. The positive aspects are feasible and cost effective design to handle the heavy traffic, generate employment opportunities, develop an efficient trade corridor, avoid the traffic hazards, ensure a stable traffic flow, provide comfort to commuters and reduce the vehicle operating costs and travel times.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

5.3 Proposed Project Alignment The project addresses the urgent needs of the communities and is designed to be implemented in the most appropriate way entailing fulfillment of technical, financial, environmental and social requirements. With the provision of smooth curves, release along congested points, negotiation along slopes at easier gradients and stronger road foundation resulting in safer route for travel. The primary objective will be to ensure safety at higher speeds on a modern road. The project is economically viable, socially acceptable, environmentally manageable, gender‐neutral and pro‐poverty alleviation. 5.4 Alternative Comparison and Conclusion Based on the above information, the alternative of building a new road and improving the connecting roads in the project area is recommended and will prove to be very beneficial for the recipient communities. Environmental impacts are significant and some of those impacts can be addressed through mitigation measures. Table 2 gives a comparative summary of the technical aspects of the three road alternatives and Table 3 summarizes environmental and social aspects. Table 2 Technical Comparison of Alternatives Minimum Maximum Grade Sr. # Alignment Designation Length (Km) Radius (m) (%) 1 Existing Alignment –No Action 40.5 ≈ 15 ≈ 10 % 2 Existing Alignment – Widening 40.5 ≈ 15 ≈ 10 % 3 Proposed New Alignment 48.18 = 125 < 6% Other Alternative Mode of 4 NA NA NA Transportation On the basis of information provided in the Table 3, a technically proposed new alignment seems to be the better option. Table 3 Summary of Key Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts Alternatives Environmental Impacts Social Impacts Economic Impacts Existing Alignment . Increase in air . Lack of efficient . N‐5 is designed to (No Action) (including dust) & transport system handle increased noise pollution . Traffic hazards traffic load which will because of traffic . Health Impacts due cause traffic congestion on to air and noise congestion increasing existing N‐5 pollution caused by the cost of trade . Higher emission of increase in traffic on between the two CO, NOx, Sox, existing road countries PM10/PM2.5 and . Lack of additional oxidants employment . Limited changes in opportunities existing ecology and biodiversity Widening of existing . Limited impacts on . Significant . High resettlement Alignment local ecology, involuntary costs hydrology and resettlement issues . Travel time reduced biodiversity . Labor influx issues Proposed New Alignment . Landscape . Significant . Travel time reduced transformation involuntary significantly resettlement

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Alternatives Environmental Impacts Social Impacts Economic Impacts . Significant impacts . Reduction in road . High initial investment on local ecology accidents and and resettlement costs especially on flora improved road safety . Provides development and hydrology . Fewer security risks (commercial and . Increase in noise and . Labor influx issues industrial) air pollution opportunities for the inaccessible areas . Better jobs and employment opportunities From an environmental perspective, alternative modes of transportation would have the least impact but are not viable prepositions and go beyond the scope of this project. From a social and economic perspectives, the new alignment brings the most benefits. Keeping in view the analysis of the alternative options, the construction of a new alignment with proposed design features therefore appears to be the best alternative.

6 Environmental and Social Baseline Study The existing environmental conditions around the proposed project have been considered with respect to physical, biological and socio‐economic aspects. The methodology used for the ESIA preparation included collection and review of relevant documents including policy and previous study documents, use of satellite imagery and Google Earth, onsite environmental, ecological and social investigation, consultation with public and stakeholders and undertaking the social impact assessment and analysis. Mitigation measures were then put in place to address negative impacts and compensatory plans are designed and recommended. The Consultant has employed a participatory bottom‐up transparent and consultative approach in the preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Various qualitative and quantitative data collection tools were used to develop an environmental and social baseline for the proposed area. In this context, different categories of project affected peoples and families were engaged (PAPs and PAFs). This ESIA has been prepared based on the environmental conditions and a census of affected families, inventory of losses in terms of land, structures, trees and other assets, consultations with PAPs and other stakeholders. In order to assess baseline conditions, ambient air, noise, water and soil quality was monitored along the proposed route alignment. Random sampling was carried out at 3 points, namely Ali Masjid (18 km), Landi Kotal (35 km) and at Torkham (47 km). Data from secondary sources were collected for both, environmental and social perspectives. A stakeholder mapping exercise was undertaken to identify interested and affected stakeholders of the project. 6.1 Ambient Baseline Air Quality: Overall Air monitoring indicates that average 24 hour concentrations of CO, NO, NO2, NOX and SO2 were found below the permissible limits regulated by NEQS, 2010 for ambient air. The highest value for Particulate Matter PM10& PM2.5 was recorded 136.2 μg/m3 reported at Torkham and 16.20 μg/m3 reported at Landi Kotal. Noise: The results from three respective locations were found complying with the NEQS which sets the limit of 150.0 μg/m3 and 35.0 μg/m3 during 24 hours of measurement. In general, there is no continuous

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

major source of noise along the proposed route alignment. Intermittent sources include traffic noise and domestic noise counting noise frommarket places. The maximum values of noise levels were recorded to be 52 dB (A) at Torkham. Surface Water: Analysis results of surface water samples of three respective sampling points shows that the surface water available at Torkham has relatively higher quantities of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chlorides, Sulphate, and Iron. While the value of Total Suspended Solids was below the detectable limit at Torkham, as compared to the 11 mg/l and 9 mg/l at Ali Masjid and Landi Kotal respectively. Ground Water: Intercomparison of analysis results of groundwater samples of three respective sampling points shows that the groundwater available at Torkham has relatively higher quantities of Ca and Mg salts in terms of water hardness. The value for total dissolved solids was found relatively higher in water samples of Ali Masjid, while at Landi Kotal values of chloride and nitrate were found relatively higher. But none of the values were found exceeding the WHO Guideline limits for drinking water. Total coliforms were found in all of three samples, while faecal coliforms contamination was also detected in samples of Ali Masjid and Torkham. This microbial adulteration makes this water unhealthy for human consumption and this requires that the faecal contamination of groundwater tables needs to be repeatedly investigated. Wastewater: Analysis results of wastewater samples of three respective sampling points shows that the wastewater sample of Michni Post has relatively higher quantities of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Phenolic Compounds and Chlorides. At Torkham, values of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Detergents, Ammonia, and Iron were found relatively higher. While at Ali Masjid Sulphate contents were found relatively higher. Overall, all of the considered parameters lie within the NEQS limits except Phenolic Compounds i.e. 0.1 mg/l. Soil: Soil samples were tested for pH, electric conductivity, oil & grease and for selective metals. pH of all the three soil samples measured was found above neutral, claiming the soil, slightly basic in nature. All the soil samples showed good electrical conductivity while the variable quantity of oil and grease was observed in the samples. 6.2 Physical Environment: Geography: Project area is predominantly high to low mountain and plain terrain. The hills in this region form a transition zone between the Hindukush Mountains, and the Piedmont and lowland basins. The area is prevailingly hilly, with rugged barren mountainous terrain, including narrow strips of bottom valleys and sub valleys. Descending from the hills and adjacent to the Khwar (stream) bed is a series of very productive agricultural areas. Most portions are surrounded by hills, which are steep on the northern and western sides. The main Torkham Khwar and its tributaries have steep slopes (and carry high sediment loads). These areas receive a fair amount of water through gravity channels, especially in rainy seasons, and are being used for patches of agriculture along the Khwar beds. The water catchment area of the rain‐fed streams has been observed and classified as mountainous. Land Use: The proposed project route passes through the mountainous region which is a barren land with some dotted human settlements and cultivable area. Peshawar–Torkham area can be divided into two major geographical divisions: (i) the rugged mountainous regions on the north and west, with one end touching the Afghan border, and (ii) the comparatively narrow strip of valleys. Geological, region comprises of Pre‐aravallis and metamorphic in general including Precambrian and younger intrusions.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Geology: The proposed project area lies in a semi‐arid plain and mountainous region and characterized by large seasonal variations of temperature from cold to severe cold winters and warm to scorching hot summers, categorizing the area as semiarid subtropical continental highland type. The soil of Khyber Agency is mainly from the local weathering of bedrock, deposited by streams and rivers. Landforms in the area are varied and include piedmont plains, valleys, gravel fans, rough broken land and gullied land. Level areas are loamy, while lowlands are slightly strongly calcareous. The soil of low permeability strata consists of silt, clay and rarely fine sand. While the soil of high permeability strata is generally composed of sand and gravel from a depth of 30 m to 150 m. The content of organic matter and available phosphorus is very low. The slate, limestone, and gravel are suitable for construction material and are available in the area, although their extraction entails high risks of landslides Climate: The temperature pattern shows that the summer temperatures vary from 18 to 40°C whereas the winter temperatures range from 2 to 25°C (Figure 5‐19). The average daily maximum temperature of the hottest month is 36°C and the average daily minimum of the coldest is ‐0 5°C. However, the extreme temperatures could be below 0°C in winters and more than 40°C in summers. Precipitation is high during March, April, July and August. Rainfall, however, is very scanty. According to the metrological records, winter rains especially in March are brought by westerly winds, while the summer rains are associated with the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is about 400 mm in Khyber agency. Hydrology: These seasonal surface water bodies known as khwars can be found at intermittent intervals throughout the project area. There is a serious issue of drinking water scarcity throughout the project area. Other than obtaining groundwater through boreholes, seasonal watercourses form the major source of water provision in the region. There is no water storage facility in the Khyber Agency or its vicinity, so most of the water is received either from rainfall or melted snow through non‐perennial Khwars, (khwars, streams, and seasonal outlets) that pass on to the downstream areas of the province and country. According to the available information, approximately 20 test‐and tube wells have been drilled in different valleys. The lithological data on two boreholes in the Jamrud – Landi Kotal area indicate an ill‐sorted mixture of clay and gravels, probably with low transmissivity values. The depth to water level is quite large (more than 30 m). 6.3 Biological Environment: No authentic information or studies are available on biodiversity of FATA. However, biodiversity seems to be low in this geographical area. Historical records and primary survey (consisting of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) provide some insight to the biodiversity of the area. Vegetation in the Khyber Agency reflects its climatic classification that is semi‐arid, subtropical temperate. Maximum tree types are sub‐tropical broad leaves, shrubs, and bushes. In general, the proposed project route area is poorly vegetated and/or forested with minimal biological species. The project road is mainly located in the arid environment. The series of mountains along the corridor has a very little vegetative cover, due to a shortage of water and limited rainfall. The scattered plantation is seen in patches and vast rangelands provide brushy growth for grazing. There are lots of herbs and shrubs in mountains. There are no floral or faunal species inhibiting in the project area that is included in RED Data Book of IUCN. However, the birds are reported to be reduced during last decades because of pesticide sprays on crops. Fauna commonly found in the project area is not under conservation threat. Cape Hare (Lepus Capensus) and India Crested Porcupine (Hystrix Indica) are considered vulnerable and near threatened. However, they are not expected to be found in the vicinity of the alignment and corridor of Impact.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

6.4 Socio‐Economic Baseline Conditions 6.4.1 Broad Socioeconomic Profile of the Area The proposed project route passes through the area of Khyber Agency, which is in developing phase and the project will help in its development economically and bring the people of the area different opportunities to improve their lifestyle and financial status. The population of Khyber Agency, according to the provisional results of the 2017 national census was 986,973 (male 505,475, female 481,487). The sex ratio 104.98, annual growth 3.15 % and population density of 212 per Sq.km with an average household size of 9.9 per household was reported. The PAPs affected by the Project belong to the Afridi and Shinwari tribes. The tribal social organization is based on patrilineal tribal and egalitarian principles marked by the absence of hereditary authority figures. Among the Pakhtun people a tribe (qaum), is subdivided in clan (Khel); lineages (tappa); lineage‐section (bajar or palarina) and, finally household (kor). There are two main domains of leadership relevant to land acquisition and impacts compensation, namely the sphere of traditional power and the sphere of state power that exist today are inextricably interlinked. The present constitutional status of FATA is enshrined in Articles 246 and 247 of the 1973 constitution of Pakistan. The Constitution provides for a special mode of governance under tribal customs and traditions through a Political Agent (PA), as the highest government officer (with exclusive executive and judiciary roles). The Political Agent carries out his functions under the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), a unique set of laws enforced in the tribal areas since colonial times, which have remained almost unchanged in independent Pakistan. The political administration is supported by tribal elders (Maliks) who represent different clans and are recognized by the government. They are the persons commanding most authority and influence in their tribes. The maliks are in charge of law and order and exercise their functions as mediators and as members of special tribal councils called Jirga, which are organized every time there is a major decision to take. The FCR provides legal cover to the Jirga to settle quarrels arising out of blood feuds, relating to women, wealth and land disputes. The Jirga represented by the maliks is also the main channel for public participation and grievance resolution for the land acquisition and compensation process. The communal land is managed under unwritten customary laws (Rawaj) passed down through oral tradition which has now been adopted by the tribes and has become the norm for members of a tribe. The patrilineal descent is recognized to claim rights to inherited land and assert their dominant position through shares in land. The socioeconomic indicators of Khyber Agency suggest that it is one of the poorest areas of the country. Social indicators in the Khyber Agency, including education, health, employment, water and sanitation, are far below than rest of the country, according to ‘Development Statistics of FATA, 2017. In recent years, the FATA and KP regions have experienced a significant militancy crisis, fueled in part by years of regional instability and more recently by the US invasion of Afghanistan, and underpinned by decades of poor governance. In early 2009, the government launched major security operations to root out pockets of militants, and a second security operation was launched in 2014 in five FATA Agencies. Significant damage to physical infrastructure and services led to a large number of Temporarily Displaced Persons (TDPs) losing their homes and livelihoods ‐ approximately 3 million people were displaced. The militancy crisis affected not only TDPs but also those who stayed behind, some of whom being just as poor and vulnerable as the TDPs. The majority of TDPs from the year 2009 militancy crisis have gone back to their original locations. In spite of the militancy and frequent military operations, the security situation has improved significantly but continued vigilance is required.

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

6.4.2 Socioeconomic Profile of Project Affected Persons Population and Household Size: 100 % PAFs were surveyed for the census to get information on socio‐ economic and demographic details of the PAFs. In total, the census inventory identified 527 PAFs with 4273 PAPs. The population pyramid reflects that out of the total population, 56% were male and 44% females of the total PAFs. The reason for this difference might be the masking details about female household members or excluding married daughters during the census survey. In the project COI, majority of the PAFs are living as an extended/Joint family system in the same compound that includes 18.18% as an extended family and 54.55% as joint family system), while only 27.27% are living as nuclear households. This explains the predominance of extended families in the project area. The extended or joint families include all the family members consisting children, wife, mother, father, brothers, sisters and grandparents are living under the same compound led by the family head. The elder of the house is responsible to look after all the social matters and other activities of the house including income and expenditure etc. The average size of a household was 8.11 persons per family (estimated number of adults per person per family are 4.4). This could be attributed to decline in natural growth trend and delay of marriage among youth. Distribution of PAPs by Age and Gender: Highest percentage (45.50%) of PAPs lies in the age category of equal or less than 15 years. Only about 4.95% of the total affected population is between 56‐ 65 years. The age profile shows a higher percentage of population representing the age category of 1‐15 years followed by 16‐25 years and 26‐35 years. The decline in the population growth is the result of rising war migration. Migration was reported to be a common phenomenon in the project area during the conflict period. Educational Levels of the PAPs: Literacy is very low, as 72.82% of the total affected population is illiterate. Only about 27.17% of affected population is educated from primary up to master level and above. Out of the total survey PAPs, 12.07% of the PAPs have studied only up to the primary level. The literacy rate for male and female is computed to be 24.08% and 3.09% respectively. Occupational Background: Among the PAPs, the small businesses dominate the project area. About 47.56 % of the PAPs are small traders or vendors engaged in small‐scale business (shops, stores, auto workshops etc.). Out of the total, 26.63% of the household heads reported their primary occupation is wage labor mainly in the transport sector while 12.19% were engaged in government job. Relatively a small number (5.49%) PAPs were working in the private sector with majority found to be vehicle drivers (operating especially trucks & trailers), auto mechanics, carpentry and other patty jobs thereby indicating the poor socio‐economic status of the area. A small number of PAPs work abroad mostly as laborer. Household Well‐being/ Livelihood: During the field survey, it was observed that the major sources of income in the project area are generated from business (shops, stores, auto workshops etc.), services (trucks & trailers drivers), labor, remittances from abroad etc. The average monthly family income is calculated to be PKR 34,755 and PKR 4,344 on per capita basis. A total 107 PAFs were found to be below poverty line. Ownership of Consumer Durables: Obtaining income information from individuals and households is a difficult task as many people are reluctant to disclose and often under report. Using proxy indicators such as household assets provides a realist picture of the household well‐being. 21.55% PAFs owns refrigerator followed by washing machine (12.15%), computer (12.71%) and TV (11.05%). Most of them were reported as used items locally available in the Bara market. Ownership of automobile is very low. Only 4.42% families own car or van or truck. Most of these families give these vehicles on rent to augment family income. TV has replaced the radio for entertainment and it is available among some of the low‐income

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

families too. Few households own luxury items such as power generator and other electrical appliances. A significant number of PAFs were almost without consumer durables that depicts poverty in the project area. Family Expenditure: The monthly expenditure and pattern of expenditure provides an indication for assessing standard of living of a household. The expenditure on food items include cereals, pluses, flour, sugar, cooking oil/ghee, milk etc., while the non‐food items consist of expenditure on education, medical treatment and clothing. Overall, the average annual household expenditure on food is calculated to be 65% followed by medical expenses 18% and clothing 13%. The expenditure on food items are almost double as compared to non‐food expenditure estimated in the project area. The important staple food is wheat, rice and maize supplemented with purchased other commodities such as meat, sugar, vegetables and fruits. Livestock Ownership: In tribal rural set‐up, livestock ownership is also another proxy indicator for assessing of living standard/ family well‐being. It was observed during the field survey that overall, 89.47% PAFs were keeping livestock. Out of the total, 32.24% families own cows followed by sheep/goat (28.29%). Livestock reported to be an additional source of food and cash income for the project affected families. Access to Social Amenities: The factors affecting poverty are lack of access to basic social services such as education, health, clean drinking water and proper sanitation. About 32.64 % PAPs had the access to electricity and 15.28% had drinking water supply in the proposed section of Expressway. In case of other amenities, i.e., access to health facilities, schools and sewerage, the extent was 14.58%, 15.28 % and 2.08 % respectively. Poverty: Lack of secure and consistent income, aggravated by lack of access to diverse sources of income is the main reason for the poverty in project areas. Negligible off‐farm economic opportunities restrict job opportunities for daily wage labor. In the Khyber Agency, marble quarries offer some source of off‐farm employment. However, these do not generate sufficient employment for the local people seeking jobs. According to the minimum wage for 2016 ‐17 officially set by the Govt. of Pakistan is Rs, 15,000 per month. It was found that on overall basis about 20% PAFs were below the poverty line. The project will provide some alternative income sources to provide some relief from poverty in order to sustain their livelihood. Under the project, this category of PAPs will be preferred in the project related jobs. In addition, the project will be (i) beneficial as it will generate employment opportunities for the people, (ii) improve access to social services such as health and education, marketing, (iii) reduce transportation costs (iv) improve their income level due to access to market facilities. Land Holding: Most of the area of the Agency is mountainous. Water is scarce, thus the valley has little land suitable for cultivation. The in‐hospitable terrain limits the size of individual land‐holdings. Of 527 surveyed households, a vast majority (92.68%) are landless in terms of individually owned land and 7.32% were reported to have ownership of land whereas a very small number of PAFs, 0.54 owns agriculture land. Cropping Pattern: The proposed expressway route alignment passes through the hilly area therefore there is very little agricultural activity along the proposed route because of water scarcity. However, a very small portion of the population is engaged in agriculture near Khwar (7–22 km). Wheat and maize are among the major locally grown commercial crops while other includes tomatoes, okra, and cumin‐ seed. Grapes, apples, walnuts, almonds, peaches, and apricots are major fruits and nuts grown in the vicinity. People are nevertheless unable to meet even their own food requirements from their farms and so staple food production is insufficient even for local use. According to the primary social survey, 6.4 acres of cropped area will be affected due to acquisition of agricultural land. The project is located in uncultivable land; hence minimal crop loss has been identified. 21

Safeguard Instruments of the Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project

Trees: The project area has both fruit and wood trees. The site survey revealed that 1522 fruit trees and 417 wood trees will be impacted by the project. Women Issues and Development Needs: As the project route is passing through the rural areas, and rural community, women activities in the field are very limited and include such as fetching of drinking water, collecting firewood, washing clothes, livestock grazing activities etc. Recreation and Tourism: There is no recreational or tourism place that will be affected by this proposed project route. 6.5 Physical and Cultural Resources There are a few well‐known PCRs in the project area. However, none of these sites are in the ROW of the expressway. Bab‐e‐Khyber (Khyber Gate) is a monument which stands at the entrance of the Khyber Pass. It was built in the 10th century and was repaired in 1964. Jamrud Fort is located adjacent to Bab‐e‐Khyber. Jamrud is a historic place and has served as the camping ground for Iranian, Greek, Tatar and Mughal armies who marched through the Khyber Pass to the Sub‐Continent. A famous commander‐in‐chief of the Sikh army was cremated in the Jamrud Fort and a memorial was built in his memory in the fort in 1892. Ali Masjid, another PCR is listed in the cultural heritage sites in FATA and was built in the memory of Hazrat Ali (R.A), who visited this place according to a local tradition. There is also a huge boulder which carries the marks of a hand believed to be that of Hazart Ali (R.A). The proposed alignment was specifically altered to bypasses Ali Majid. Khyber Pass is also home to Sphola Stupa which is a Buddhist monument. The graveyards of Turangzai Baba, Naaqi Kandao, Zareef Kooroona are important site of cultural and archaeological importance in the area. Local communities take the issues related to the graveyards of their ancestors and loved ones seriously, therefore, any planned intervention near these and other graveyards must be handled accordingly. If any sensitive site is discovered during project implementation appropriate measures will be undertaken as per the environmental checklist provided as part of this document and relevant WB policies. Figure 6‐1 is showing archeological and cultural heritage sites along the proposed route.

Figure 6‐1 Location of Physical Cultural Resources/ Heritage Sites along the proposed Alignment

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7 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 7.1 Environmental Impacts Summary of significant impacts are listed in Table 4, grouped into the project components and impact groups. Table 4: Summary of Significant Environmental Impacts Project Activities Impact Land and landscape transformation . Impact of taking material from the borrow sites . Destabilization of mountain slopes . Clearing of vegetation and cutting of trees Acquisition of land and other private assets . Involuntary resettlement and loss of livelihoods . Other social issues related to resettlement Availability of water and change of drainage patterns. . Activities for construction and improvement of road may change surface and sub‐surface drainage affecting other water users. . Activities for construction of motorway resulting in sediment mobilization and settlement in ephemeral streams and low‐lying areas crossed by the route. . Access to water for the community can be changed due to sharing of water resources for project needs. Releases to air . Activities for widening and improvement of road generating dust, including fine particulates, causing nuisance and health effects for nearby communities and commercial areas. . Gaseous emissions from vehicles and construction machinery causing health effects for nearby communities. . Gaseous emissions from vehicles during operational phase may cause health effects for nearby communities. Noise and vibrations . Noise and blasting associated with construction may disturb local communities and wildlife. . Project equipment and vehicles used in project resulting in unacceptable increases in noise and vibration levels causing nuisance to local communities. . Vehicles movements during operational phase resulting in unacceptable increases in noise and vibration levels in local communities. Ecology and biodiversity disturbance . Activities for construction and improvement of road resulting in ecological disturbance. . Vehicle traffic resulting in animal disturbance both during construction and operational phases. Contaminations of soil and water resources . Soil contamination from diesel and other spills from construction machinery will be an issue. . Release of contaminated water during construction of structures across / along water bodies such as bridges, culverts, drains, pitching etc.

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Project Activities Impact Land Acquisition and Resettlement . Acquisition of land for the construction of expressway. . Disturbance of livelihoods . Impacts on vulnerable Disturbances to the community . Activities for construction and improvement of proposed road sections disturbing land used by local communities. . Activities for construction and improvement of road disrupting community transport routes. . Labor and gender related issues Impacts on Physical Cultural resources . Monitoring and Evaluation as per operational . M & E is required to ensure the implementation of manual and monitoring plan proposed mitigation measures to avoid or minimized potential impacts during operational phases 7.2 Social Impacts Acquisition of Private Assets and Compensation: The project impacts assessment was conducted based on the preliminary design. The Project impacts include loss of communal tribal, private residential cum commercial structures as well as loss of cultivable land due to land acquisition along the proposed expressway. As most of the road segment follows the new alignment, the results of impact assessment including PAPs facing loss of their assets were significant. The project will adversely impact on 527 households consisting of 4273 individuals (PAPs) and will acquire 1,193.33 acres of land for the construction of the Expressway. Out of the total impacted land, 9.9 agriculture land; 59.53 acres mountains/hilly/stream and 25.83 acres are plain barren land individually owned and 1055.31 acres owned collectively by different clans Khels respectively. Impact analysis reflected that total affected covered area of the main residential structures is 307,297 Sq.ft. owned by 176 PAFs. In addition, 293,351 Sq.ft of the boundary walls and 25,736 Cft cave structures belonging to 145 and 12 PAFs respectively will also be affected. The project will also affect 239 regular commercial structures permanently including 238 shops and one private school owned by 43 PAFs. The covered area of these commercial structures will be 65,836 Sq.ft. Besides, the project will require relocation of 46 movable kiosks owned by 15 PAPs. Furthermore, 3.2 acres of cropped area out of the 9.9 acres of the agriculture land will be affected due to acquisition of agricultural land. It was noted that there are 1522 fruit trees and 417 timber trees, will be impacted. The project will also affect privately/individually owned 35 assets that include 14 water tanks, 12 tube wells and nine dug wells owned by 33 PAFs. Increased Risk of Accidents Caused by Partial Closure of Road during Construction: Current traffic on the roads in the project vicinity is not very high. However, the traffic flow is likely to be affected during construction activities. Some of the roads in the project function as the vital link for the settlements for daily supplies and trade activities. At sections passing through populated areas, there will be limited scope for providing diversion tracks for the mobility of local and thorough traffic. During the project implementation phase the traffic volume will increase, there may be safety hazards for the locals residing along the edge of the road as well as vehicular traffic. Safety and Health Hazards: Occurrence of accidents/incidents during the construction activities, particularly from excavation activities is generally common. The workers and general public residing along the project corridor or near the work sites will particularly be at risk. In addition, contractor staff while on work may get injuries.

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Restricted Mobility of Local Population: During the construction phase the general mobility of the local residents and their livestock in and around the project area is likely to be hindered. Likewise access to the natural resource may be affected. This particularly implies to the women folk and children, especially in the context of FATA where women observe proper veil and do not interact with non‐locals. Construction activities, particularly excavation and movement of haul truck and machinery may disrupt the existing tracks leading from the main road to settlements. This will limit the accessibility of the local population to the main road. Labor Influx Issues: Social impacts are critical to address, as even a modest labor influx already may lead to negative impacts on the host community. Pre‐existing social issues in the host community can easily be exacerbated by the influx of labor. The areas of FATA and Khyber Agency present very distinct local settings. Both the locations have an over‐whelming majority of one sectarian group. In such a situation, presence of outside construction workers may cause some degree of social disruption and even active disputes with the local community as a result of differences of religious opinions and culture. This particularly relates to the non‐local work force adhering to a different religious sect that many result in escalation of sectarian issues. Likewise, the risk of theft of the community assets by the Contractor workers and vice versa may occur. The list below indicates some common categories of risks associated with labor influx: . Risk of social conflict . Increased risk of illicit behavior and crime . Increased burden on and competition for public service provision . Increased risk of communicable diseases and burden on local health services. . Inadequate waste disposal and illegal waste disposal sites . Wastewater discharges . Increased demand on freshwater resources . Camp related land use, access roads, noise and lights

Gender Issues: Findings of the socio‐economic survey reveal that the privacy of women is a major cause of concern for the communities of the project area. Due to the project activities, local women many not be able to perform their daily outdoor chores. Women in the project participate in outdoor activities such as livestock rearing, bringing of potable water, collection of fire wood etc. that may also be affected by the project activities. The induction of outside labor may create social and gender issues due to the labor force being unaware of local customs and norms. It may also cause hindrance to the mobility of local women for working in the field, herding livestock, picking fuel wood, etc. Recreational Facilities for Public: The construction activities may damage any nearby parks or recreation areas used by the local population or the tourists. 7.3 Potential Impact Identified by Stakeholders Issues raised by stakeholders regarding the environmental implications of proposed project during construction and operations are listed below: . The alignment of route and associated structures should be in consultation with local communities and elders. . Existing traffic on the road shall be affected. . Noise and air pollution associated with trucking causing disturbance to residents along the road. . Livestock safety during construction and use of roads. . New roads disturbing rain‐fed agricultural production systems, increasing water shortages may result in increased poverty. 25

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. Project related traffic causing congestion . Road safety measures required, such as speed breakers and restrictions, so speed limits are observed and accidents avoided . Public safety for people crossing the road, particularly the elderly, women and children . Heavy traffic destroying road . Sanitation awareness in camping facilities . Privacy related matters and cultural sensitivities 7.4 Mitigation Measures for Component I Expressway Land and Landscape Transformation: To minimize the impact of the project on the geophysical environment, several measures have been included in the design of the project facilities and will ensured during construction phase. To reduce physical scaring of landscape, unnecessary widening and clearing of vegetation will be avoided. Although the road widening involves some vegetation clearance and change in soil characteristics, the subsequent compaction will significantly reduce any risk of land slippage. The risk of land slippages near the stream banks will be reduced by ensuring thorough maintenance of a gentle slope and by applying water. Borrowing and Quarrying: Borrow areas will be selected in consultation and approval of Project Director and would not be deeper than 3 feet to avoid alteration of drainage and soil erosion. The topsoil up to 30 cm shall be removed and stored prior to excavation of fill material. After completion of borrowing the area would be leveled and the top soil would be restored to ensure no loss in productivity of land. Wherever possible/necessary, these places will be leveled and planted with trees. Water Availability and Natural Drainage Patterns: The contractor will explore alternative water resources so that existing water resources used by local communities are not impacted. The Contractor may use groundwater through wells for labor camps. In such circumstances, the extraction will be monitored to ensure that it does not lead to depletion of groundwater aquifer and will not be extracted beyond the sustainable yield limit. The contractor will also prepare guidelines for workers to reduce water wastage. The natural drainage pattern will not be disturbed. Furthermore, to maintain natural drainage pattern, culverts and bridges will be constructed. Surface waterbody crossing structure would be wide enough to allow easy flow of water. In fact, the civil structure and geometry of new route alignment has been designed in accordance with the requirements of ASHTO Highway Drainage Guidelines 1989 and NHA Standards. All drainage system will have self‐cleaning mechanisms covering design velocities and gradient. Temporary Facilities: Location of labor camp, material depot, equipment yard and approach roads will not cause any serious problem if selected in consultation with local communities and landowners. The camp/other site facilities will be established on a flat land without much natural vegetation, at least 500 m away from the communities and surface water bodies. Air Pollution: Dust emission from vehicular traffic will be restricted by imposing speed limits. Water will be sprinkled on roads and construction sites. Good housekeeping will also be followed to reduce dust emissions from construction sites. All equipment including generators and construction machinery will be kept properly tuned to reduce exhaust emissions. Asphalt plant will have proper dust control systems. Soil and Water Contamination: To avoid contamination of soil and water, all fuels, oils and bitumen will be stored with concrete padding as well as bunding and secondary containment for curtailing leakages. If the spills or leakages do take place, it must be followed by the treatment. No contaminated effluent will be released. The labor camp will be located 500 meter away from surface and drinking water sources. Water from camp will be released into sumps which will be constructed in absorbent soil. Septic tank will

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treat sewage. Both septic tank and sumps will be constructed at a safe distance form water source. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, including washing, will be allowed only in designated areas underlain with concrete slabs and a system to catch runoff. Noise and Vibration Pollution: Construction machinery will be properly maintained. Proper blasting plan will be developed which would include predetermined/preapproved blasting timings, audible warnings, use mesh to avoid flying rocks, etc. will be observed. Basting near the communities will be avoided to the extent possible. Horns shall be avoided near sensitive receptors like schools, mosques, hospitals, etc. use of horns will be prohibited at night. Ecology and Biodiversity: Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out for Forest Department owned trees and for each tree removed, five saplings will be planted. Killing/hunting/trapping of wild animal will be banned. Cattle and animal corridors must be provided along the whole alignment wherever necessary. Camps and other temporary facilities will be established in a manner that minimizes loss of natural vegetation including trees. Mobility of Locals and Livestock: The contractor will provide crossing points at appropriate places so that movement of locals for daily works is not affected as well as free movement of livestock for access to natural resources is not restricted. Where contractor is to share village tracks for hauling of construction material, the existing passages/roads will be widened and carpeted. Health and Safety: The contractor will comply with ILO Convention No 62 and workers will be trained in construction safety procedures. PPE use would be made mandatory. The contract will also ensure adequate first aid kits, ambulances at camp and site. Labor Influx issues: The contract will prepare labor influx management plan. The contractor will adhere to local norms and customs and will also ensure that privacy of households is not affected. Construction timings near communities would be so that activities local population is affected. The contractor will also ensure that noise and light pollution from the camp is kept at minimal levels. Acquisition of Private Assets and Compensation: A separate Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to address the issues related to acquisition of private assets and compensation in accordance with the requirements of OP 4.12. The RAP has been submitted separately. Increased Risk of Accidents Caused by Partial Closure of Road during Construction: A detailed Traffic Management Plan (TMP) will be prepared and implemented by the Contractor with the approval of the NHA (FATA), PD. Necessary measures will be taken to ensure the safety of traffic during construction, including barricades (including signs, pavement markings, flags, and lights) erected as required by the client (NHA) and set up as per local regulations. The construction work will be managed such that part of the carriageway at a time is upgraded leaving the other part available to serve one‐way traffic. Construction work will be carried out in small stretches instead of a long stretch. Safety and Health Hazards: The contractor will comply with the safety precautions for construction workers as per International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62, as far as applicable to the project contract. Training and PPEs will be provided to the workers. Restricted Mobility of Local Population: The contractor will provide crossing points at the road at appropriate places to facilitate the people for going across the road for their daily works and having free access to the natural resources. The Contractor will not be allowed to use village tracks for hauling construction material. However, if it is unavoidable, the existing ones will be widened, overlaid with shingle or surface treated to accommodate local as well as Contractors traffic under the approval of the Project Engineer. The Contractor will always consider the local sensitivities while performing the project

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activities. All the personnel engaged would also be properly briefed about the local norms and ethics prior to commencement of work. Labor Influx Issues: The Contractor will prepare the construction camp management plan which, in addition to other components, will include the labor influx management plan. This will be reviewed and approved by NHA and World Bank. The Contractor will select the specific timings for the construction activities, take due care of the local community, their privacy and observe sanctity of local customs and traditions by his staff and will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any unethical activities and to obey the local norms and cultural restrictions. The contract will explore alternative water sources and ensure that water usage by the project does not affect or compete with water requirements of the local community. Contractor will arrange awareness programs for the communicable diseases in the field camps on regular basis by a qualified expert/doctor. NHA/Project Engineer and the Contractor will ensure that normal trade routes remain open and supply of goods is not severely impacted. Furthermore, the Contractor should normally procure the field camps supplies from the main markets of Kohat, Khar, Landi Kotal, Jamrud, Peshawar or any nearby commercially active city. Gender Issues: The Contractor will select the specific timings for the construction activities particularly near the settlements, so as to cause least disturbance to the local population particularly women. Contractor will take due care of the local community and observe sanctity of local customs and traditions by his staff. Contractor will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any unethical activities and to obey the local norms and cultural restrictions particularly with reference to women. During construction activities, if privacy of the nearby households is affected, the Contractor will inform the house owner and erect walls/fences to ensure privacy is maintained. At the same time, Contractor will take care as much as possible that the construction activities should not affect the privacy particularly with reference to women. Recreational Facilities for Public: Currently there are no such damages envisaged however the Contractor will ensure the restoration and rehabilitation of construction and campsites on completion of the project. Works and Service Department (KP, FATA) will develop parks, particularly for children and ladies, at appropriate sites along the road to provide them better recreational opportunities. This will also attract the outside tourists as well, thus increasing the incomes of the local people through increased socio– economic activities. The Works and Service Department (KP, FATA) would carry out tree plantation along the road.

8 Environmental and Social Management Plan 8.1 Institutional Arrangement Oversight Arrangements: The overall responsibility of ESMP implementation rests with NHA. A Project Steering Committee comprising of Chairman NHA, Member (Planning), Member (Construction), Member (Finance) and General Manager (Peshawar‐Torkham Expressway Project) will provide overall guidance and oversight and will be responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the project. Project Management and Field Implementation Units: A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be established at NHA Headquarters in Islamabad and will be headed by the General Manager (Peshawar‐ Torkham Expressway Project). The PMU functioning as the Project Secretariat shall support the Project Steering Committee and will be adequately staffed with competent professionals. The staff will include

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an Environmental Specialist, a Resettlement Specialist, a Contract Administration Specialist and a Financial Management Specialist. The PMU will be responsible for overall coordination. At the same time, Field Implementation Unit (FIU) will be set up. FIU will be headed by a Project Director (PD) and supported by a Deputy Project Director (DPD) and a Quality Control Specialist (QCS). The PD will be responsible for general administration, land acquisition, handing over of sites, coordination with other authorities to ensure timely relocation of various utility services, oversight of environmental safeguards, management of social safeguards, and performance monitoring of civil works implementation. PD will also be overall responsible for the implementation of all RAP development tasks and cross‐agency coordination, and shall be tasked with day‐to‐day RAP related activities. The PDs shall be assisted by a ‘Social Safeguards/Resettlement Specialist’ at PMU. A Land Acquisition Collector (LAC) – one assigned to each contract – shall acquire land. A RAP Coordination Committee (CC) shall ensure that all relevant agencies involved in the implementation of RAP are: (a) fully informed of RAP’s and the WB Policy’s requirements; and (b) assist NHA in the RAP implementation at field level. Project Supervision and M&E Consultants: A professional international consulting firm will be hired for Contract Administration and Construction Supervision (CSC). The firm will be fully empowered as the ‘Engineer’ in accordance with International Federation of Consulting Engineers stipulations. The Project Engineer will have a full‐time field based environmental specialist to ensure the implementation of ESMP. The environmental specialist of CSC will also develop training modules and conduct environmental trainings for the contractor’s staff. Similarly, an independent external monitor will also be hired to monitor and provide external monitoring reports of the ESMP implementation. M&E consultant will report directly to PIU. Contractor: The contractor will be responsible for the implementation of ESMP at site. A full‐time field based environmental expert will be hired whose responsibility will be to monitor and report all the ESMP implementation related activities on a regular basis. All mitigation measures for adverse impacts proposed in the ESMP will be duly and timely implemented in letter and spirit. For this purpose, daily, monthly and annual checklists will be formulated and maintained. 8.2 Environmental Monitoring Compliance and Effect Monitoring: Client will engage a competent consultant to conduct effects monitoring on a periodic basis. The effects monitoring plan is provided in the Table 5. The overall objective of the effects monitoring is to ensure that the key environmental parameters in the project area remain within the acceptable limits specified by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) (and other relevant benchmarks) throughout the project execution. For this purpose, the Independent Environmental Monitor (IEM) will carry out the periodic sampling, monitoring, and analysis of the key environmental parameters specified in the ESMP and provide their results to the Client. Third Party Monitoring: Client will engage a suitable consultant to carry out environmental audit of the project on annual basis. During these audits, the ESMP compliance and its effectiveness will be assessed. This monitoring will help identify weaknesses in the ESMP implementation and also recommend the corrective measures. 8.3 Environmental and Social Trainings The supervision consultants (CSC) and the contractor will be responsible to imparting trainings these to the staff of PIU and contractor. The indicative training plan is presented in Table 6, which will be finalized by the CSC.

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Table 5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan Project Stage Parameters Details Applicable Location Frequency Duration Standard 1. Air Quality Preconstruction PM10, SO2, NOX, 15 m downwind from the NEQS for Ambient Three locations along the Once; prior to construction Continuous / Planning CO edge of the pavement and Air Quality road, and near the asphalt commencement 24 hours asphalt plant location plant site Construction PM10, SO2, NOX, 40 m downwind from Hot NEQS for Ambient Three locations along the Once in 4 months Continuous CO, HC Mix Plant and Asphalt Plant Air Quality; road, and near the asphalt 24 hours plant Construction PM10, SO2, NOX, 15 m from pavement NEQS for Ambient Stretch of highway where Once in 4 months 24 hours CO, HC Air Quality work is in progress 2. Water Quality Preconstruction Pb, BOD5, total Community water sources NEQS for Drinking 5 locations near the COI‐2 Once about a fortnight ‐ / Planning coliforms, fecal Water; WHO (ROW, campsite, asphalt before contractor coliforms, TDS plant site) mobilization Construction Common ions, Community water sources NEQS for Drinking 5 locations near COI‐2 Once in 4 months ‐ Pb, BOD5, total Water; WHO (number of locations to be coliforms, fecal determined according to coliforms, TDS requirement) Construction Common ions, River water near the COI‐2 NEQS/other 5 locations near COI‐2 Once in 4 months ‐ TSS, TDS, relevant (number of locations to be Turbidity standards determined according to requirement) Construction 32 parameters Waste effluents from camps, NEQS camps, asphalt plant and Once in 4 months ‐ per the NEQS asphalt plant and offices offices 3. Noise Preconstruction Noise level on 15 m from edge of pavement NEQS standards Three locations along stretch Once about a fortnight 24 hours / Planning dB(A) Scale /site for other facilities for Ambient of highway where work is in before contractor Noise progress; near asphalt plant mobilization site; near camp site Construction Noise level on 7 m from equipment / NEQS At equipment yard, asphalt Once in 4 months 24 hours dB(A) Scale machinery plant and construction site Construction Noise level on 15 m from edge of pavement NEQS standards Three locations along stretch Once in 4 months 24 hours dB(A) Scale /other facilities for Ambient of highway where work is in Noise

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Project Stage Parameters Details Applicable Location Frequency Duration Standard progress; near asphalt plant site; near camp site 4. Soil Construction Oil and grease Relevant Three locations in equipment Once in 4 months ‐ international yard and other locations standards specified by CSC Table 6: Environmental and Social Trainings Contents Participants Responsibility General environmental and socioeconomic awareness; Selected project management staff CSC Environmental and social sensitivity of the project area; Key findings of the ESIA; Mitigation measures; EMMP; Social and cultural values of the area. General environmental and socioeconomic awareness; All site personnel CSC and Contractor’s Environment Specialist Environmental and social sensitivity of the project area; Mitigation measures; Community issues; and Awareness of transmissible diseases Safety issues; Social and cultural values. EMMP; Construction crew Contractor’s Environment Specialist Safety issues; Waste disposal Road safety; Drivers Contractor’s Environment Specialist Defensive driving; Waste disposal; Cultural values and social sensitivity. Camp operation; Camp staff Contractor’s Environment Specialist Waste disposal; Natural resource conservation; Safety; and Housekeeping. Restoration requirements; Restoration teams CSC and Contractor’s Environment Specialist Waste disposal

ESIA of Peshawar to Torkham Motorway

8.4 Environmental and Social Management Budget The environmental and social management cost includes tree plantation program and health and safety measures. The environmental monitoring cost has been worked out on the basis of Effects Monitoring Plan is given in Table 7. As the project is scheduled for completion in two years, therefore, environmental monitoring cost has been worked out for two years. The staff responsible for operation of the project road will be trained to implement environmental safeguard in post construction period and respective cost has been worked out. The total environmental and social management cost including the resettlement cost is estimated to be about PKR. 7.917 Million. Table 7: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management Environmental Component Quantity Amount Details/Basis Pak Rs. Tree Plantation 660 790,000 Cost includes plantation and maintenance up to three years Health & Safety Measures L.S. 350,000 Lump sum Miscellaneous Cost L.S. 160,000 Lump sum Air Quality Monitoring 50 1,500,000 50 samples @ Rs. 30,000/sample Water Quality Monitoring 80 1,200,000 80 samples @ Rs. 15,000/sample Noise Level Monitoring 65 325,000 65 samples @ Rs. 5,000/sample Soil Tests 30 1,940,000 Training 1,650,000 Lump sum External Monitoring 4,100,000 Total Environmental and Social Management Cost 7,917,000

9 Public Consultation 9.1 Consultation Process This ESIA has been prepared in close consultation with the PAPs to solicit their views on proposed project design and implementation and to ensure that it takes into consideration of their concerns in a culturally sensitive manner. A series of public consultations/ focus group discussions were carried out at various locations along the project corridor. The participants included Maliks/ tribal elders living along the project corridor and the Political Agent, Khyber Agency, Peshawar, Assistant Political Agents, Tehsildar and NaibTehsildar (LandiKotal), and other concerned. The consultative and scoping sessions were designed specifically to provide project information to the public. These sessions had an informal character to encourage a free atmosphere in which participants were comfortable in raising questions, expressing opinions and concerns on the project and seeking clarification regarding their concerns. Most of the issues rose during these meetings related to road construction and route alignment. The stakeholders consulted were chosen to be representative of the clans affected in project areas. Other stakeholders included Executing Agency (NHA), Project Directorate, political administration, Maliks, NGO, particularly, those to be associated in project implementation relating to the RAP implementation. Consultations along the Project Corridor were also carried out with pedestrians, vehicle drivers, local inhabitants and others including school teachers, dispensers, NGOs etc. at various locations. Additional issues raised are listed below: . The presence of migrant labor restricts the movement of local women working in nearby fields;

ESIA of Peshawar to Torkham Motorway

. There should be lightening facilities along the road especially at least near to the bus stops & settlements; . At suitable distances along the project corridor, petrol pump should be constructed and the facilities such as toilets, workshops, and hotels and mosques should also be constructed. 9.1.1 Consultation with Female PAPs A total 10 formal consultations were conducted with the women located along the project corridor by a Gender Specialist as a one of the members of survey team. Information on the project was disseminated to begin with followed by discussion on other topics. These ranged from roles of women within their families, their concerns regarding lively hood post land acquisition, skill acquired and/or required, plans particularly of those rendered landless, access to water, social services and markets. One of the major issues, the women of the project area is facing due to the road alignment that is passing through the stream which is used by women for fetching water as well as washing clothes, bathing their children. As a result of this project, there would be a significant interruption in their routine activities especially during the construction phase of the project. Other concerns were loss of residential structures, relocation and job opportunities for male family members. 9.2 Commonly Raised Concerns of stakeholders The most commonly raised concerns during the meetings are given below: (a) Design of the Peshwar‐Torkham Motorway . Provide bus bays and passenger waiting area . Provide pedestrian‐crossing facilities . Provide fences along the road where specifically required . Provide underpasses where these are required to facilitate the local population; . Provide interchanges at appropriate places so that residents of the project area can avail the Motorway travel; . Improve general standards of construction; . Provide drain outlets to help drain away run‐off from the Motorway, particularly in areas where road level is higher than that of surrounding settlements; . Plant trees along the Motorway that could reduce air and noise pollution. (b) Construction of Peshawar‐Torkham Motorway . Avoid dumping construction material near & along the Motorway; . Induct local labor into the construction workforce as far as possible to avoid social conflict between the migrant labor and local communities; . Provide proper diversions, where required, for the traffic during construction to avoid traffic congestion, related hazards, and dust emissions. (c) Operation of Peshawar‐Torkham Motorway . Erect cautionary and informatory signs; . Control use of loud horns near schools, traffic disorders and violations of traffic regulations; . Specify speed limits where required; . Ensure that cross‐drainage pipes and culverts are regularly cleaned; . Regularly remove accumulated piles of rubbish from the ROW. 9.2.1 Addressing Stakeholders Concerns The concerns raised by stakeholders have been incorporated into the project’s social assessment as described below: (a) Motorway Design: The design must incorporate the following points:

ESIA of Peshawar to Torkham Motorway

. Public facilities, including bus bays with passenger waiting sheds and latrines, pedestrian‐crossing facilities, and fences; . During design planning phase the public concerns regarding provision of underpasses, interchanges and road side water drains were kept in account . A tree plantation program to compensate for the anticipated loss of vegetation during construction activities, and to help abate pollution caused by emissions, dust, and noise during highway operation. (b) Motorway Construction: The following measures will be carried out in order to protect surrounding communities from the expected impact of construction: . Project facilities should be located at more than 500 m from existing settlements and built‐up areas to avoid restricting the mobility of local communities; . Construction waste will be properly handled and disposed off . Local labor hiring will be encouraged, and proper diversion routes will be provided where ever required . Sensitivity towards local customs and traditions will be encouraged to minimize social friction; good relations with local communities will be promoted by encouraging contractors to provide opportunities for skilled and unskilled employment to locals, as well as on‐the‐job training in construction for locals; . The Resettlement plan will incorporate stakeholder consultation; . The loss of privately owned land or built‐up property will be compensated on a replacement‐cost basis; . The contractor will be required to ensure that construction work does not hinder local people’s access to the local rout and their ability to cross it safely. Constructing temporary ramps and diversion routes will facilitate pedestrians and livestock while crossing the highway. An overwhelming majority of the people in the project area was of the view that the project will improve the trade situation, which subsequently will lead their socio‐economic development. The local community indicated that the construction of this road would increase and improve their accessibility to schools, health outlets, banks, and fuel stations and enhance business and employment opportunities in the area. 9.3 Consultations with Institutional Stakeholders A number of consultations with key institutions were carried out between June and September 2017 with NHA, FATA political administration and news agencies. The purpose was to understand their specific role of each institution in ESIA preparation and implementation; their awareness and readiness with respect to the issue of displacement and rehabilitation of those affected; agreed price valuation of affected assets and finally areas where capacity enhancement measures were required.

10 Complaints and Grievances In order to address any concerns or grievances of PAPs, an effective grievance redress mechanism that is fully commensurate with local customs and legal framework is required for timely recourse of grievances and achieving transparency in resettlement process. In view of the applicable legal and administrative framework, a grievance redress system that is fully responsive to local customs and applicable legal framework is proposed for the project.

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10.1 Procedures for Grievance Handling To address the complaints and grievance that may arise during project implementation, a three‐tier grievance redress process, first at Jirga Level, then at the level of the GRC at the Tehsil level, and finally at the level of the PMU at NHA, Islamabad is proposed. This process will provide the PAPs with a forum to register their complaints and seek resolution to their concerns. The procedures for three‐tier system for grievance handling and resolution are discussed below. 10.1.1 Jirga Level In the project area, the disputes are resolved through mediation by the elders or notables of the clan or khel either informally constituted with consensus by disputing parties as and when any issue arises or through officially nominated Jirga (council of elders) from each clan by the PA. The Jirga is entrusted the responsibility to safeguard the concerns of the local community and for negotiated settlement of land and assets acquisition. The Jirga will also be responsible for resolution of grievances resulting from implementation of RAP and execution of project. Complaints regarding collective compensation will be lodged first at the level of the Jirga. The compliant will be recorded in the complaint register by the resettlement specialist immediately and sent to Project Coordinator at FIU level. The complaint will be referred to the Jirga for examination of the issue and its resolution at local level and an acknowledgment to this effect will be sent to the complainant within 5 days of receipt of complaint. Thus, during project execution, the Jirga will serve as the first step where concerns and grievances of local people will be recorded, discussed and resolved as per local customs and traditions. The Jirga will investigate the issues, hear and record concerns of the aggrieved party and will examine the evidences produced and shall adjudicate the complaint within 20 days of its receipt by Jirga. The Resettlement Specialist at FIU will participate in all meetings of the Jirga to record the proceedings and facilitate the Jirga members to adjudicate the issue/compliant with the RAP provisions as per eligibility and entitlements defined. The Resettlement Specialist will also monitor the progress on complaints and facilitate FIU to ensure that the proposed remedial actions are executed and complaints are closed when resolved. Moreover, the Jirga through FIU will ensure that those issues that cannot be solved at the Jirga Level are elevated to the Grievance Redress Committee established under the chairmanship of the Assistant Political Agent at the Tehsil level. 10.1.2 Grievance Redress Committee If a grievance is not resolved at the Jirga Level, Jirga will elevate it at the level of the Grievance Redress Committee established under the chairmanship of APA at each Tehsil level. It will be the responsibility of Resettlement Specialist FIU to provide the required feedback to the Grievance Redress Committee regarding the complaints and efforts exhausted at Jirga Level to resolve the issue. After receiving a complaint, the first step will be the entry of complaint in the office record and within 7 days, the GRC will convene meetings with the aggrieved person (s) and Jirga members to assess the problem and find plausible solutions on scheduled date and times. Following the preliminary assessment, the APA as administrative head of the area will investigate the complaint through local administration, which will share its facts finding report with APA in 15 days of receipt of complaint. After receipt of the facts findings report, within next 7 days the GRC chaired by APA will convene its meeting and shall adjudicate the issue as per eligibility and entitlement provisions outlined in RAP fully consistent with local customs, legal and administrative framework of the area. The GRC shall decide the complaint, share its decision with the FIU and complainant within 30 days of receipt of complaint for further implementation/execution of the decision and subsequent closure of complaint accordingly. However, if the complainant/aggrieved persons are not satisfied with GRC decision, the person (s) can request the GRC to elevate complaint to next higher level, i.e., the Political Agent, Khyber Agency.

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10.1.3 Project Management Unit (PMU) If the complainant is not satisfied and the issue is not resolved, then GRC will forward the complaint to PMU for remedial measures and decisions/grievance (s) will be resolved accordingly. The PMU will be based at NHA Headquarters in Islamabad, and will be headed by the General Manager (Peshawar‐ Torkham Expressway Project). The PMU level grievance committee will comprise members from the Political Agent’s office, Board of Revenue/LAC, the PMU Environment and Resettlement Specialists, a member from the Resettlement Advisory Committee, and the affectee’s representatives. It will resolve grievances within 4 weeks of receiving them. Upon receipt of complaint, the PMU will review the record and call the complaint/complainants to hear and record their concerns, and initiate any further investigations (if required) for resolution of the complaint. The PMU will make a decision regarding the complaint and inform the aggrieved person, PU, GRC and Jirga for required execution on‐ground and closure of the grievance process or will refer the matter to Jirga under regulation 8 of FCR 1901 for its findings as per Rewaj (Custom). In case the matter is referred to Jirga, the PA will nominate the Jirga and shall refer the issues in dispute on which the findings of Jirga will be required. Upon receipt of finding from the Jirga the PA shall pass a decree on the issues. 10.2 Community Outreach and Information Dissemination The Grievance Redress Mechanism for the project will be complimented by a robust information dissemination and community outreach component. As part of this component, the EA will be required to provide relevant information regarding their rights to the PAPs as per the policies and regulations outlined in Frontier Crime Regulation 1901 (as amended 2011), World Bank’s OP 4.12 and the approved RAP. All relevant information will be translated in Urdu to ensure acceptance by local communities. The PAPs will be informed about the three different tiers of the grievance redress procedure, including the roles of the Jirga, the GRC and the PMU in grievance resolution. The PAPs will be provided information about contact details of the focal points for each of the three tiers. All expenses incurred in arranging grievance negotiations and meetings of GRC as well as logistics required, shall be arranged by the NHA, the EA.

A‐2 Resettlement Action Plan

1 Introduction This RAP for the Project Component I was prepared to fit the provisions of the World Bank OP 4.12 and legal practices followed in Pakistan to mitigate the social risks and impacts caused by the Project and to avoid and minimize the impoverishment of Project Affected Persons (PAPs). The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is based on a comprehensive diagnosis of the socioeconomic context and ethnographic analysis of the PAPs and sets out objectives, principles, eligibility criteria and public participation mechanisms to compensate land and other assets in view of the specific administrative and legal practices followed in Pakistan for the projects carried out in FATA.

2 Social Impact Assessment Approach and Methodology The preparation of this RAP has involved an intense fieldwork in the project corridor of impact (COI) and survey activities including the execution of: (i) an Impacts assessment/PAP census survey, (ii) a socio‐ economic survey, (iii) a valuation survey covering all affected assets and (iv) stakeholders and public consultations. To conduct social impact assessment, a range of tools and data gathering techniques were used in the field and these are summarized below.

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 Household Socioeconomic Survey – individual household interviews were conducted on random sampling basis.  Census survey – A complete census/enumeration of assets was done for 100% of the PAPs.  Asset inventory ‐ Site visits were conducted by travelling along the proposed alignment to physically measure the size of affected land and structures for the preparation of the Asset Inventory.  Consultations/Focus group discussions – Focus group discussions and scoping sessions were conducted with PAPs  Consultation with key stakeholders including National Highway Authority (NHA) staff and Project representatives were conducted.  Consultations with residents in the project area along the route alignment The Consultant has employed a participatory bottom‐up transparent and consultative approach in the preparation of the RAP. Various qualitative and quantitative data collection tools were used to engage different categories of PAPs. This RAP has been prepared based on a census of affected families, inventory of losses in terms of land, structures, trees and other assets, consultations with PAPs and other stakeholders.

3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts The project impacts assessment was conducted/updated based on the latest available design alignment shared by the Design Consultant on October 13, 2017. The design plan was followed to identify the scope of land acquisition and affected assets due to the two inter‐changes and within 100 m of the RoW of the proposed Expressway. The Project impacts include loss of communal tribal, private residential cum commercial structures as well as loss of cultivable land due to land acquisition along the proposed Expressway. As most of the road segment follows a new alignment, the results of impact assessment including PAPs facing loss of their assets are significant. The project will adversely affect 527 households consisting of 4,273 individuals (PAPs). The project affected families (PAFs) have been summarized by the category of assets within the project corridor in Table 8. Table 8: Categories of Affected Assets and Number of PAFs

Sr. No. Category of Affected Assets No. of PAFs Land 1 Agricultural Land 6 2 Plain Barren Land 13 3 Mountain/Hilly/Steam Land 28 Residential 4 Residential Land 31 5 Residential Land and Structure 142 6 Residential Land and Structure (PAPs refused to provide information) 4 7 Residential Structure 34 8 Residential Tenant 11 Commercial 9 Commercial Land 4 10 Commercial Land and Structure 20 11 Commercial Structure 21 12 Commercial Structure & Kiosk 2 13 Kiosk Owner Operator 13 14 Business Tenant Operator 143 15 Employment Loss 72 Total PAFs 543 PAFs Facing Multiple Impacts 16

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Total PAFs excluding Duplications 527

The project will acquire 1,193.33 acres of land for the construction of the Expressway. Out of the total impacted land, 9.93 agriculture land; 59.53 acres mountains/hilly/stream and 25.83 acres are plain barren land individually owned and 1055.31 acres owned collectively by different clans Khels respectively. Table 9 shows type of land, affected land and number of PAFs. Table 9: Summary of Affected Land

Total Land Land Use and Type holdings Affected Land PAFs Private Land owned by Individuals Agricultural Land (Acre) 114.17 9.93 6 Plain Barren Land (Acre) 135.38 25.83 13 Mountain/Hilly/Stream (Acre) 349.5 59.53 28 7205.78 Marla 6005.66 Marla Residential Land (Marla)1 (45.036 acres) (37.535 acres) 173 Residential Land (Marla) – Refused to provide information ‐ ‐ 4 715.44 Marla 715.44 Marla Commercial Land (Marla) (4.471 acres) (4.471 acres) 25 Sub‐total (in acres) 137.296 Plain Barren Land owned collectively by Khels (Acre) 196.550 Mountain/Hilly/Steam owned collectively by Khels (Acre) 858.481 Sub‐total (acres) 1,055.31 160.220 Marla Community and Public Land (1.001 acres) Total 1,193.33 acres 249 Impact analysis reflected that total affected covered area of the main residential structures is 307,297 Sq.ft. owned by 176 PAFs. In addition, 293,351 Sq.ft of the boundary walls and 25,736 Cft cave structures belonging to 145 and 12 PAFs respectively will also be affected. The project will also affect 239 regular commercial structures permanently including 238 shops and one private school owned by 43 PAFs. The covered area of these commercial structures will be 65,836 Sq.ft. Besides, the project will require relocation of 46 movable kiosks owned by 15 PAPs. Furthermore, 3.2 acres of cropped area out of the 9.917 acres of the agriculture land will be affected due to acquisition of agricultural land. It was noted that there are 1522 fruit trees and 417 timber trees which will be impacted. The project will also affect privately/individually owned 35 assets that include 14 water tanks, 12 tube wells and nine dug wells owned by 33 PAFs. Table 10 summarizes PAFs other assets given below. Table 10: PAPs’ Other Assets

Type of Asset PAFs No. of Affected Assets Dug Well 9 9 Tube Well 11 12 Water Tank 13 14

1 The measuring unit for residential or commercial land is adopted as marla (local unit for measuring residential/ commercial plots) which is 160th part of an acre.

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Total 33 35

The major public infrastructure includes two mosques, one school, two water supply plants, three water tanks, four pylons, 163 electric poles, three government tube wells and three dug wells, which will need to be rebuilt or relocated. Out of the total 189 business operators 46 business owner operators and 143 tenant business operators will be affected. A total of 72 employees will lose their income.

4 Profile of the Project Area The population of Khyber Agency, according to the provisional results of the 2017 national census was 986,973 (male 505,475, female 481,487). The sex ratio 104.98, annual growth 3.15 % and population density of 212 per Sq.km with an average household size of 9.9 per household was reported. The PAPs affected by the Project belong to the Afridi and Shinwari tribes. The tribal social organization is based on patrilineal tribal and egalitarian principles marked by the absence of hereditary authority figures. Among the Pakhtun people a tribe (qaum), is subdivided in clan (Khel); lineages (tappa); lineage‐section (bajar or palarina) and, finally household (kor). There are two main domains of leadership relevant to land acquisition and impacts compensation, namely the sphere of traditional power and the sphere of state power that exist today are inextricably interlinked. The present constitutional status of FATA is enshrined in Articles 246 and 247 of the 1973 constitution of Pakistan. The Constitution provides for a special mode of governance under tribal customs and traditions through a Political Agent (PA), as the highest government officer (with exclusive executive and judiciary roles). The Political Agent carries out his functions under the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), a unique set of laws enforced in the tribal areas since colonial times, which have remained almost unchanged in independent Pakistan. The political administration is supported by tribal elders (Maliks) who represent different clans and are recognized by the government. They are the persons commanding most authority and influence in their tribes. The maliks are in charge of law and order and exercise their functions as mediators and as members of special tribal councils called Jirga, which are organized every time there is a major decision to take. The FCR provides legal cover to the Jirga to settle quarrels arising out of blood feuds, relating to women, wealth and land disputes. The Jirga represented by the maliks is also the main channel for public participation and grievance resolution for the land acquisition and compensation process. The communal land is managed under unwritten customary laws (Rawaj) passed down through oral tradition which has now been adopted by the tribes and has become the norm for members of a tribe. The patrilineal descent is recognized to claim rights to inherited land and assert their dominant position through shares in land. The socioeconomic indicators of Khyber Agency suggest that it is one of the poorest areas of the country. Social indicators in the Khyber Agency, including education, health, employment, water and sanitation, are far below than rest of the country, according to ‘Development Statistics of FATA, 2017.

5 Socio‐Economic Profile of PAPs A 100 % census was carried out to get information on socio‐economic and demographic details of the affected families at the preliminary design stage. The population pyramid reflects that out of the total population, 56% were male and 44% females of the total PAFs. The reason for this difference might be the masking details about female household members or excluding married daughters during the census survey. In the project’s COI, majority of the PAFs are living as an extended/joint family system in the same compound that includes 18.18% as an extended and 54.55% as joint family system, while 27.27% are living as nuclear households. Literacy is very low, as 72.82% of the total affected population is illiterate. The literacy rate for male and female is computed to be 24.08% and 3.09% respectively. Among the PAPs, the small businesses dominate

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the project area. About 47.56 % of the PAPs are small traders or vendors engaged in small‐scale business (shops, stores, auto workshops etc.). The average monthly family income is calculated to be PKR 34,755 and PKR 4,344 on per capita basis. A total 121 PAFs were found to be below poverty line. Overall, the average annual household expenditure on food is reported to be 65% followed by medical expenses 18% and clothing 13%. The factors affecting poverty are lack of access to basic social services such as education, health, clean drinking water and proper sanitation. About 32.64 % PAPs had the access to electricity and 15.28% had drinking water supply in the proposed section of Expressway. In case of other amenities, i.e., access to health facilities, schools and sewerage, the extent was 14.58%, 15.28 % and 2.08 % respectively. It was found that on overall basis about 15.65% PAFs households were below the poverty line and the project will provide some alternative income sources to provide some relief from poverty in order to sustain their livelihood. Khyber Agency is one of the major affected areas in FATA due to its strategic location along the Afghan border. Insurgency and ongoing sectarian clashes, kidnapping and loss of lives in agency are adding problems to people in the area. Khyber Agency is one of the areas having insurgency in large number. Tribal identity along with gender and age were key factors in determining power and influence. The identity of women is drawn from that of their male next of kin – fathers, brothers or husbands. Women had no significant role in decision‐making, even if decisions directly affect their lives. They had little say in issues that affected themselves, their households, or the community. Women are generally excluded from decision‐making processes. At the household level, a male elder, often also the head of the household is in control. He makes all decisions regarding the household, including those related to household income and its sources, education, health, marriage, and conflicts. When needed, he consults with other male members. The rigid tribal culture severely restricts women’s mobility. Purdah is strictly imposed on young girls and women. In the presence of other male members of the family, women are veiled even inside their own homes. They are expected to carry out household chores while maintaining seclusion (Purdah). At times girls as young as 10‐years‐old are also expected to cover themselves. Women often own no tangible asset such as land or a home. Inheritance rights are denied despite state and Islamic law. Moreover, widespread gender‐based violence, including customary practices like bride price (wulwar) and giving women in compensation to settle disputes, increases women’s vulnerability.

6 Community Participation, Consultation and Disclosure This RAP has been prepared in close consultation with the PAPs to solicit their views on proposed project design and implementation and to ensure that it considers their concerns in a culturally sensitive manner. In this respect, several consultative meetings and focus group discussions were held in the project corridor. The key concerns were raised by PAPs during the consultations related to Land Acquisition and Resettlement. These were:  RoW width should be reduced to minimize displacement.  Existing alignment should be followed rather opting for a new alignment.  In addition to compensation for the structures removed, additional financial assistance will be required to rebuild their structures at new locations as the transportation and procurement of construction material is very expense.  Compensation payment should be done directly through family elders and not through Maliks.  World Bank should ensure strict monitoring during compensation payment to the PAFs. In view of our experiences, we will not be able to get full compensation of our lost assets.  Need to facilitate pedestrian and animal crossing; construct pedestrian overhead bridges, particularly near schools, settlements, along with a fence or partition wall in between the carriageways.

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 In case of demolishing of structures, proper compensation should be provided prior to start of the project implementation.  Employ local labor (skilled as well as unskilled) during the project implementation.  Control over‐speeding, traffic disorders and, construct speed breakers where required especially near the settlements. A total 10 formal consultations were conducted with the women located along the project corridor. Information on the project was disseminated to begin with followed by discussion on other topics. These ranged from roles of women within their families, their concerns regarding livelihood post land acquisition, skill acquired and/or required, plans particularly of those rendered landless, access to water, social services and markets. One of the major issues faced by the women of the project area relates to the road alignment passing through the stream. The stream is used by women for fetching water as well as washing clothes and bathing their children. As a result of this project, there would be a significant interruption in their routine activities especially during the construction phase of the project. Other concerns were loss of residential structures, relocation and job opportunities for male family members. Most of the participants expressed their desire to relocate to Peshawar to have better facilities and for their children education. Key aspects of this RAP have already been disclosed to the PAPs during focus group discussions, census and socio‐economic surveys and field level meetings with PAPs, political administration and NHA. In addition, following steps will be undertaken for disclosure of RAP. The draft RAP will be disclosed to PAPs in the form of a booklet translated in Urdu as well as through oral briefings to illiterate population at various locations that will serve to inform PAPs about key aspects of the compensation and entitlements established for Expressway and the implementation and monitoring mechanisms that will ensure transparent and fair execution of these aspects. For this purpose, an information booklet having summary of impacts, asset valuation, unit rates, eligibility criteria, compensation entitlements, compensation delivery and grievance redress mechanism with institutional arrangements for implementation of RAP will be disclosed to PAPs in the project area.

7 Applicable Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Land Acquisition for this project will be carried out in accordance with local regulations in place in FATA under FCR, which are based on the principle of negotiation and agreement between the Pakistani Government, locally represented by the Political Agent (PA) and his subordinates, and the maliks. Principles fitting the tribal land rights and ownership system will be followed to the extent possible in accordance with requirements of the World Bank on land acquisition and resettlement. As the World Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement and the situation/principles of the tribal system may be at variance, efforts were made to bridge these gaps. The World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement will be applicable to all projects with direct or indirect communication with resettlement. The basic principles adopted in this RAP for the implementation of the compensation and rehabilitation program are as follows:  The PAPs are defined as those who stand to lose land, houses, structures, trees, crops, businesses, income and other assets due to the implementation of the Project.  PAP losing assets, livelihood or other resources will be fully compensated and/or assisted so that they improve or at least restore their former economic and social conditions. Compensation will be provided at full replacement cost, free of depreciation, transfer costs or eventual salvaged materials.  Compensation will include immediate losses and temporary business‐income losses.  Lack of formal land title should not be the bar to compensation or rehabilitation.

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 All possible attention will be paid to households headed by women and other vulnerable groups and appropriate assistance provided to help them to improve their status and other compensation/rehabilitation provisions will equally apply across gender line.  All PAPs are equally eligible for cash compensation of structures and assets and rehabilitation assistance.  Compensation and resettlement must be satisfactorily completed before a No‐objection Certificate can be provided by World Bank for award of civil works contracts.  PAPs will be systematically informed and consulted about the project, and the RAP will be disclosed in Urdu to the affected persons and communities.  PAP customs and culture need to be considered as the basis for the resettlement policy and plan formulation.

8 Compensation, Income Restoration and Relocation For all affected assets, the owners ‐defined those with legally recognizable under customary law will be compensated at replacement cost at current market rates at the rate agreed between Jirga (Maliks headed by political administration). Compensation, relocation and resettlement rehabilitation assistance is summarized in the Table 11. Table 11: Compensation Entitlement Matrix

Asset Specification Affected People Compensation Entitlements Collective land Communal Clans and Sections Cash for affected land based on prices (Barren/hilly tribal land of Afridi and negotiated by the Jirga (Maliks and political terrain) Shinwari tribes administration) to be distributed to clan members by the elders. Private Privately Affected Extended Cash for land based on current open market Household owned barren family/ value as negotiated with landowners or land/ land decided by the Jirga (PA and Maliks) to be given plots household under directly to household heads. commercial uses Residential Affected Extended Cash compensation for affected land at current and family/ open market value/ full replacement cost negotiated with or decided by the Jirga. Commercial Households Land Houses and Affected Extended Cash compensation at replacement rates for family/ affected structure and other fixed assets Structures irrespective of salvaged materials and Households transaction costs.2 In case of partial impacts full cash assistance to restore remaining structure. Impact severity allowance in case of equal to 20 or more % structure loss for PAPs.

2 In determining the replacement cost, World Bank OP 4.12 requires that depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials should not be taken into account.

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Asset Specification Affected People Compensation Entitlements Crops Crops affected Affected Extended Cash compensation at market rates family/ Households  Fruit Trees: compensated at yearly Trees Trees affected Affected Extended production value calculated at gross family/ market value of 1 year income for the Households number of years needed to grow a new tree with the productive potential of the lost tree.  Non‐fruit trees: The compensation is to reflect the market value of tree’s wood content, based on the girth of trunk at current market rates  The compensation for trees on private land will go to the elder of household and the tree on collective barren land will be compensated to the Community through elder of the clan.  Business owner: Lump‐sum of Rs. 45,000 Business Businesses Relevant individuals covering lost income for the period of losses Employment business interruption.  Rental assistance (03 months period) either at the rate of rent being paid on production of rent payment receipt or on lump sum @ rate of Rs. 5,000/‐ per month.  Cash compensation (03 months period) equal to government announced minimum wage rate in case employment loss.  Provision of allowance to cover transport Relocation Transport/ Affected extended expenses. For the project the allowance family/household Relocation has been set at Rs.10, 000. allowance  Relocation Allowance, lump sum Rs. 25, 000. Cultural and Affected Manager of Cash compensation for restoring affected community community structure cultural/community structures (i.e. mosques, structures assets shrine, roads, schools etc.), to the recognized patron/custodian. Public utilities Affected public Concerned Relocation and installation costs for water utilities department wells/pumps, electric pools and transformers and other similar immovable assets.  Vulnerability allowance equivalent to Vulnerable PAP below poverty three months government announced PAP livelihood line or disabled minimum wage rate Rs. 15,000 per month; and  Employment priority in project‐related jobs

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Asset Specification Affected People Compensation Entitlements  Unanticipated impact identified during Unanticipated As and when All PAPs facing course of implementation will be Impacts identified impact compensated accordingly by NHA through PMU and FIU.

9 Institutional Arrangements NHA has overall responsibility for the Program including preparation/implementation and financing of all RAP development tasks and cross‐agency coordination. The Environment, Afforestation, Land and Social (EALS) Unit at HQs will be responsible for policies, planning, and implementation of all safeguards related activities of the investment program. The EALS team will coordinate with planning and design wing of NHA, the PMU/FIU established for the project and the design and RAP preparation consultant’s teams to assist and guide them for effective safeguards management under provisions of this RAP and FCR procedures and on timely delivery of quality safeguards documents. While the EALS staff posted at zonal level and in LAR units at FIU level will collaborate with the RAP preparatory consultants, political administration and safeguards consultants engaged for implementation and monitoring of RAP during execution of the financed projects NHA will exercise its functions via a project management unit (PMU) and field implementation unit (FIU). The Land Acquisition and Resettlement Unit (LARU) will be in nested in FIU, which will manage LAR tasks at project level with technical assistance and guidance from the responsible unit in EALS. The LARU will take the ultimate responsibility for preparation, implementation and monitoring of RAP for the Project. All major decisions on the preparation/implementation of the compensation and rehabilitation program detailed in this RAP will be taken with the intensive participation of the PAPs and their representatives of the affected clans, lineages and the Maliks. These decisions included the validation of the impacts corridor, the definition of compensation rates for all assets and the definition of the program implementation mechanisms. NHA will hire an agency or an individual expert (with team) to conduct independent monitoring and evaluation (the EMA) for the implementation of RAP. The EMA shall review the implementation progress throughout the RAP implementation, as reported in the internal monitoring reports by EA, evaluate the level of achievement of RAP objectives, identify gaps, if any, and propose remedial measures for implementation and training of concerned staff on impact assessment and World bank resettlement policy requirements. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed at project level based at Peshawar to provide a coordinating node for the implementation of RAP (valuation of assets, PAP consultation as well as coordination with other line agencies/departments/offices. The committee formation will be initiated by the Project Directorate (PD) and will include the following . Project Director (NHA) . Assistant Political Agent (APA) . Land Acquisition & Resettlement Officer (LARO)

10 Complaints and Grievances To address the complaints and grievance that may arise during project implementation, a three‐tier grievance redress process, first at Jirga level, then at the level of the GRC at tehsil level headed by the APA, and finally at the level of the PMU at NHA HQs level. This process will provide the PAPs with a forum to register their complaints and seek resolution to their concerns. The Grievance Redress Mechanism for the project will be complimented by a robust information dissemination and community outreach component. As part of this component, the EA will be required to provide relevant information regarding their rights to the PAPs as per the policies and regulations outlined

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Frontier Crime Regulation 1901 (as amended 2011), World Bank’s OP 4.12 and the approved RAP. All relevant information will be translated in Urdu to ensure buy in by local communities.

11 Implementation of RAP An implementation schedule for RAP activities in the project including various tasks and time line matching with civil work schedule is prepared and presented in RAP. However, the sequence may change or delays may occur due to circumstances beyond the control of the project and accordingly the time could be adjusted for the implementation of the plan.

12 Monitoring and Evaluation The overall objective of the RAP is to ensure that the PAPs restore and preferably improve upon their pre‐ project living standards. To achieve this objective, the following monitoring mechanisms will be in place.  Internal monitoring of process and output indicators  External monitoring by an independent monitoring agency or an independent consultant to check the extent to which resettlement and rehabilitation objectives have been met. All information concerning resettlement issues related to land acquisition, socioeconomic information of the acquired land and affected structures, inventory of losses by individual PAP, compensation and entitlements and finally payments and relocation will be collected and computerized. In addition to routine monitoring reports explained above, NHA will also submit project completion reports to World Bank when compensation has been paid and RAP implementation is completed. Besides, in cases wherever required and agreed between NHA and World Bank during execution of the project, the PMU will prepare supplementary monitoring reports and share these with World Bank. All monitoring reports will subject to disclosure and will be disclosed on World Bank and NHA websites as and when cleared by World Bank.

13 Resettlement Budget The estimated LAR cost is assessed based on preliminary design and reflected in the itemized RAP budget including compensation costs for acquired land and other assets, applicable relocation, resettlement and income restoration costs as well as administrative costs including costs for RAP implementation institutional arrangement, monitoring and evaluation and the contingencies. The RAP costs are based on identified impacts at preliminary design stage, which are subject to updating when detailed design is ready, land acquisition costs assessed by the Jirga with PA are available, and the RAP is updated based on final design and finalized land acquisition process. The overall budget for the resettlement component is estimated to Pak Rs. 1,522.133 million (US $ 14.436 million) to be incurred based on preliminary design initial assumptions on the scope of resettlement as shown in Table‐5. The cost of land is based on the price estimated during the consultations and the final rates will be negotiated and agreed with the PA and maliks. The cost buildings and structures are the replacement costs whose estimates are based on current market prices. The resettlement cost will be financed by the Borrower. Table 12: Proposed Indicative Resettlement Budget

No. Description Total Compensation (PKR Million) A Affected Assets 1,207.679 B Allowances 40.995 Total (A+B) 1,248.674 C M&E @ 5% of the total cost 62.434

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D Administrative charges @ 1% of 12.487 the total cost Total (A+B+C+D) 1,323.594 E Contingencies @ 15% of the total 198.539 cost Grand Total 1,522.133

The budget for resettlement will be revised following the demarcation of the actual alignment based on the final design as well as prevailing asset values to ensure that adequate funds for resettlement are allocated during project implementation.

SECTION B – COMPONENT II SAFEGUARD DOCUMENTS

B ‐1 Environment Management Framework

1. Introduction

1.1. Objectives of ESMF EMF has been prepared for the allied facilities development along the Peshawar‐Torkham Expressway. The main objective for the EMF is to set out the policies, principles, institutional arrangements, schedules and indicative budget for sustainable implementation of the sub‐projects under Component II. These arrangements will also ensure that there is a systematic process for the different stages of the implementation of a framework that assures participation of community, involvement of relevant institutions and stakeholders and adherence to both World Bank and Government of Pakistan procedures and requirements. The EMF will serve as the framework within which sub project specific ESIA/EMPs will be developed. The scope of this EMF includes a description of how safeguards issues will be dealt with by outlining: . Procedures for safeguard screening and assessment to determine the project category and early identification of potential environmental and social issues . Project‐specific safeguards instruments and procedures for activities that may prompt adverse environmental and/or social impacts; and . Key responsibilities for EMF implementation . Institutional and monitoring arrangements.

2. Assessment Process for Projects

2.1. Screening Process

For each sub‐project, implementation of environmental requirements will be in accordance with the following steps closely linking with activity planning, design and implementation steps.

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. Step 1: Screening of project to determine the type / category of project as per WB standards and local regulatory requirements . Step 2: Simplified or Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment . Step 3: Preparing Environmental and Social Management Plan . Step 4: Environmental Clearances . Step 5: Inclusion of Environmental Specifications and Environmental Management Plan in bid documents . Step 6: Environmental Method Statements (for large investments) . Step 7: Compliance and Monitoring Based on type of construction required, all detailed information analysis including Environmental Management Plans must be completed prior to awarding of contracts for construction.

2.2. Sub‐Project Assessment

Environmental Assessment Screening checklist has been prepared as part of this framework. The checklist has been developed in accordance with the World Bank Policies and its purpose is to determine the level of impact and safeguard document required for each of the sub‐projects. Efforts have been made to include different aspects of environment which maybe be impacted by the proposed developments Component II in the checklist. In additional to the checklist, the regulatory requirement of the Pak EPA as per Schedule I and II of Pak EPAs IEE/ EIA regulations will also determining the documents required. The Table 13 below summarizes the documents requirements. Table 13 Sub-Project Classification by Categories and Safeguard Documents Required

Category A Subproject Category B Subprojects Category C Subprojects (Full EIA Required) ESMP/IEE Required (Mitigation Checklist Required Subprojects with: Subprojects potentially Subprojects having only (i) Significant irreversible causing low to moderate minor impacts and widespread impacts level of negative but like common effluent reversible and localized treatment plants, impacts such as widening or industrial estates, etc; repairing of roads (ii) Significant degradation of forestry of sensitive natural habitat; (iii) Land acquisition and preparation of RAP as per World OP 4.12 of World Bank; (iv) Projects requiring an EIA as per to Pak EPA regulations

2.3. Sub‐Project with EIA Requirement After initial screening if the subproject is identified to have significant irreversible impacts or fall under Schedule II of the IEE/EIA Regulations (SRO 339 (I0/2000) would require an EIA and full environmental impact assessment. EIA should have an executive summary followed by introduction which should described subproject details. The next chapter should cover legal and administrative framework. It should also have project alternative analysis which would compare social, environmental, financial and technical resources and

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costs required for the project. Under environmental and social baseline physical, biological and socioeconomic should be described in detail. The chapter on impacts should describe impacts on physical, biological and socio‐economic factors and propose mitigation measures to minimize impacts. It should also describe adverse impacts identified in the shape of the compensation, rehabilitation, capacity building, provision of livelihood resources and other needed amenities etc. The chapter on grievance redressal mechanism should covers the procedures for handling sub‐project related complaints from stakeholders and public, and also includes required actions taken on any issue raised by concerned and/or affected parties during difference phases of the sub‐project. The chapter on cumulative impact assessment should look at the cumulative impacts of the subproject, identified VES and proposes mitigation measures. Environmental and Social Management Plan should cover institutional arrangements, mitigation plans, monitoring responsibilities and provides budget estimates for its implementation. Stakeholder Consultations chapter deals with consultation with different stakeholders of the project as well as area of influence.

2.4. Sub‐Project with EMP/IEE Requirement Subprojects assessed to be category B under initial screening or falling under Schedule I of the IEE/EIA Regulations (SRO 339 (I0/2000) requires the proponent of the project to file an IEE with the concerned provincial EPA. It also translates to Environmental Management Plan (EMP) under the Banks requirements. The proposed structure of the EMP should include executive summary with key findings, in a vocabulary that is easily understood by public. This should be followed by an introduction describing the EMP purpose, objectives, principles and methodology. The description of the subproject should include background, purpose and different components. Also, indicate any subproject specific resource requirements such as material, manpower, equipment, etc. The next section should describe environmental and socio‐economic baseline of the project. This section will identify all positive as well as negative environmental and social impacts with cost effective and feasible measures to reduce adverse environmental impact to acceptable level. A chapter on management and monitoring plan is also required which could cover details of monitoring measures including the parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits (where appropriate), and definition of thresholds that will signal the need for corrective actions. Stakeholder consultations undertaken on subproject and findings are disclosed under stakeholder consultation and information disclosure chapter. An EMP implementation budget estimates are provided.

3. Institutional Arrangement Overall Oversight Arrangements: A Steering Committee comprising of the Additional Chief Secretary for FATA, the Director of Projects (FATA Secretariat), the Head of FDA and, to ensure full coordination with KP, the Secretary of the Planning and Development Department (P&DD) of the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) will provide overall guidance and oversight and be responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the component. It will also liaise with FBR (Pakistan Customs) through the overall Project Steering Committee – the “National Single Window” subcomponent will be implemented through the PIU of the ADB project (located within the FBR). Project Implementation Unit (PIU): There shall be a dedicated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) established within the FATA Secretariat in Peshawar, headed by the General Manager (Peshawar‐ Torkham Economic Corridor Project). The PIU shall be adequately staffed with competent professionals and will include an Environmental Specialist and a Resettlement Specialist. Strategic Technical Assistance: The activity is expected to be implemented jointly by the FATA Secretariat in close coordination with the Planning and Development Department (P&DD) of GoKP with the support of competitively recruited specialized firms. To kick start the master‐planning process, a firm was hired during project preparation to take stock of all on‐going and planned investments along the economic corridor. The master plans will rely on state‐of‐the‐art geo‐spatial

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mapping techniques (such as the ones being relied upon by the Punjab Urban Unit in the context of the development of the Punjab Spatial Strategy). The business environment reforms will leverage the experience accumulated in Punjab and Sindh (e.g. reforms to improve the Doing Business indicators). Secondary Transport Infrastructure: The activity will be implemented by the Works and Services Department (W&SD) of the FATA Secretariat, under the leadership of the Chief Engineer. The implementation of this component is expected to require substantial coordination with NHA and with relevant GoKP departments, including P&DD – as discussed above such coordination will have started in the context of the masterplan which will specify the secondary transport infrastructure to be financed under this project. As with Component‐I, it is expected that a professional consulting firm will be responsible for contract administration and construction supervision. Upgrading of Industrial Zones: This activity is to be implemented by the FATA Development Authority (FDA) which supervises industrial zones in FATA. The upgrading of the industrial zones will be carried as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) involving the competitive selection of a firm specialized in the development and management of industrial zones. Supervision Consultant: The supervision consultant will ensure the implementation and regular monitoring of the EMP in true letter and spirit during execution of the civil works and shall submit periodic reports regarding the EMP implementation status. The Consultant’s Environmental Specialist and Social Specialist will be responsible for EMP implementation and reporting any non‐compliances to the relevant authority, which will be defined once the project details are finalized. Contractor: The contractor will be responsible for on‐site implementation and compliance of the EMP of each sub‐project. The contractor will train their crew/ staff in implementation of the EMP though capacity‐building interventions. It will me mandatory for the contractor to have full time in‐house environmental and social specialists. The EMP will be an integral part of the contract document. The bid should include a detailed environmental mitigation budget as part of the engineering costs of the respective works.

4. Environmental Management Plan

4.1. Potential Impacts Since Component II is taking a framework approach, the projects will be identified during implementation phase. Therefore, generic impacts have been identified on the basis of project description. In addition, a screening process has been developed to screen projects and their impacts. Generic impact groups areas are listed below: Water Quantity and Quality: Water is used for all types of activities during any project implementation. Use ranges from drinking, domestic cleaning, suppressing dust, disposal of waste material, cooling of machines and washing of vehicles etc. all of this has direct impact on the quality of water as well on the quantity of water. Proposed project activities are proposed in largely water scarce area therefore, this aspect must be critically assessed during preparation of ESIAs and their EMPs. Air pollution: Such impact is expected due to the nature of the construction, involving excavation, land leveling and clearing, a lot of dust will be produced. Heavy machinery will be used to carry out these activities, which will result in vehicular emissions as well as other exhaust fumes. Noise and Vibration: Major sources of noise and vibrations are blasting, land clearing using heavy equipment and road compaction; stone crushing roads or stone crusher industry; drilling and cutting machines; and operation of industrial units

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Table 14 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

Aspect / Activity Impact Mitigation Measures M&E Measurement Criteria Institutional Responsibility

Planning/ Designing

Potential damages to the . Precisely identify the position of infrastructure and  Get layouts of all utilities and other Contractor and PA/FATA existing infrastructure and underground installations at the local works in underground installations from the relevant Secretariat facilities, especially cooperation with the relevant institutions at all levels of offices and see if they are covered in the underground installations authority. site‐specific construction management (water supply and sewerage . Close liaison with local relevant authorities for all plans pipeline etc.) which cause excavation and building of any structure, both  Check meeting and other communication obstacles in the provision of temporary and permanent. documentation / evidence. services to consumers. Increased possibility of . Prioritize qualified local population in employment Include this as part of the contract and Contractor and FATA employment and income in and ensure all non‐technical jobs are given to locals. condition of approval(s) for project Secretariat the local community. proponent(s). Waste Management and . Careful selection of camp sites in consultation with  Physically visit the site Contractor verified by Protected area Protection/ local authorities and community.  Consult forest office and communities for forest dept. local Management Plans . Must avoid Forest Protected area and / or Wildlife confirmation of camp location. community rep. Sanctuary, Game Reserve near the project area. Potential degradation to . Mapping all such resources prior to project design and  Confirming on Geographic Information Contractor and FATA archeological and cultural approval so that these sites can be excluded from System and onsite verification of distances Secretariat rep aided by resources if project planned project implementation and impact areas from such sites / monuments. Archeology Deptt. GoKP or in the immediate vicinity . Prepare site specific management plans in line with GoP Bank guidelines on cultural and archaeological resources and local regulatory requirements. Construction

Conflict due to use of . Establishment of camp on government levelled land / Verify the distances in presence of designated privately owned agriculture RoW at least 500m away from nearest settlement. rep from the land and revenue department land for camp construction Contractor

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. Approval of campsite from PA office rep who will also & Supervised by consult the nearest community and / or the owner Consultant community of the proposed campsite land. Social conflicts due to influx . Hiring of work force from local communities to the  HR data for all labor, daily wage and of external workforce extent possible in technical areas and majority, if not contractors with signed copies of contracts all for non‐technical work along with copies of CNIC Contractor and . Training of external labor on local customs to avoid  Training records for sensitization of external FATA Secretariat rep conflicts and ensure privacy of communities which is labor on socio‐cultural issues paramount in FATA  Feedback from surrounding communities on . Engage local community elders for effective two way social and employment issues. communication on this and other issues which may create nuisance for any stakeholder . Avoid or minimize contact with community by external labor Conflict with local water . Avoid use of already scarce water sources and aquifers  Ensure community water resources are not demand. . Arrange water for domestic and project requirements compromised due to project activities. from outside sources where water is abundantly  Where applicable, check water consumption Contractor and available records as well. PA / FATA Secretariat rep . Contractor to ensure and keep records of water source of outsourced water . Maintain record of water consumption and train labor on water conservation. Damage to sites of cultural / . Completely avoid these areas in the design stage  Physical damage to such sites / monuments by Contractor and FATA religious/ archeological . Based on good practice and available guidelines, sites inspection Secretariat Rep importance establish minimum distances of activities from such  Verify daily and weekly checklist for this sites. aspect . Weekly monitoring of these sites at the time of  Verify from the community or caretaker of the construction sites about the mitigation measure’s status. . Daily inspection by contractor’s EHS resource Supply of material . Use existing quarries, asphalt and concrete bases for  Verify the sub‐contractor’s sources and Contractor and the supply of material. licenses PA / FATA Secretariat rep . Use licensed suppliers / vendors for other materials,  Verify sub‐contractors / vendors if they are preferably local suppliers / vendors. local

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Transport of material . During the transportation of soil and similar  Physical condition of road Contractor and aggregates, trucks must be covered with Tarpaulin  Feedback from surrounding communities PA / FATA Secretariat rep sheets.  Random check on roads of project traffic / . Ensure drivers follow speed limits, especially near vehicles communities  Log of incoming and outgoing vehicles with . Regular inspection, tuning, and maintenance of time mentioned for each trip transport vehicles. . Avoid night time activity and peak traffic hours . Maintain liaison with communities; Repair of damaged roads/ other infrastructure. Dust emissions from . Compact deposited earth material.  Visit the dumping locations and record the Contractor and disposal area, vehicular . Sprinkle dust sources with water in order to reduce conditions PA / FATA Secretariat rep movement on roads and impacts on the surrounding population and  Observe project vehicles near communities construction works vegetation. Preferably remove the emission / and get feedback from them regarding execution. aggregate source as the project area is generally compliance with speed limits scarce  Visit construction site to check storage of . Strict compliance of speed limits material in accordance with requirements of . The stockpiles should be covered or kept moist in dry the EMP weather and to be located in such a distance, so that the communities are not affected by downwind of the stockpiles. Gaseous emissions and . Regular vehicle and equipment maintenance as per  Maintenance logs of all equipment and Contractor and particulates from vehicles, manufacturer’s recommendations vehicles FATA Secretariat rep mechanization and power . Vehicle fitness certificate  Inspect equipment for filters etc. generators. . Ensure use of silencers and filters on power generating and other units Noise emissions from . Observe normal working hours at construction site  Working hours of labor and verify the same Contractor and construction vehicles, and avoid late night and early mornings for major from nearby community FATA Secretariat rep machinery and power works.  Inspect equipment for working silencers / generators. . Implement maximum noise abatement measures for mufflers etc. equipment near communities and other sensitive receptors . Ensure mufflers for heavy machinery and regular inspection / maintenance of equipment

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Surface water pollution . Ban disposal of excavated material in and around  Visit nearby and any water sources near the Contractor and water channels and their catchment area, both approved disposal / dumping site for PA / FATA Secretariat rep seasonal and perennial physical verification . Direct disposal of sewage and any kind of waste must  Check sewage disposal and waste disposal be strictly prohibited practices at construction site(s) . Disposal of oily waste into or maintenance of vehicles near surface water bodies must be avoided Soil, groundwater and . Avoid servicing and re‐fueling at the site.  Check for spill trays availability and spill Contractor and surface water . Use spill trays during possible vehicle re‐fueling and records which must be available with site FATA Secretariat rep contamination with oils and maintenance at construction site. HSE resource lubricants due to equipment . Provide absorbing material in case of fuel spills.  Ask around if labor and other staff are aware maintenance, repairs, spills . Used oil/ oily materials and agents should be managed of what to do in case of spill and whether leakages and refueling at in line with the Waste management plan. they are aware of location of spill kit. construction site. . Procedure in place for actions in case of incidental oil and lubrication spills. Damage to crops and . Crops and cultivated area is away from site so, the  Consult local agriculture dept. and Contractor and cultivated area project will likely not to cause any damage to communities for verification PA / FATA Secretariat rep agriculture crops. . In case of any crop damage, compensation will be paid to the affected person. Loss of natural vegetation . No cutting or removal of trees unless essential, must  Check approval of tree cutting issued by forest Contractor and and associated fauna be done after approval from Forest dept. dept. PA / FATA Secretariat rep . For every tree or removal of plantation the contractor  Verify number of trees etc. planted instead shall compensate three times the vegetation removed and must be at least three times the cleared and ensure the new plantation is maintained at least vegetation for one year project through plantation sub‐contract  Verify the one year maintenance contract for . Restriction and prohibition on hunting, shooting, the replenished vegetation trapping, and poaching of wild species . Construction during non‐migratory season . Continuous monitoring by wildlife experts . No night time activity . Photographs of pre and post project site conditions which will be verifies by line departments i.e. EPA, Forest and Agriculture Departments

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Traffic management issues . Plan movement of equipment to avoid peak traffic hours  Traffic plan of the contractor Contractor and / days.  Verification of vehicle movement randomly by PA / FATA Secretariat rep . Provide alternative passage for pedestrians and vehicles the M&E rep with feedback on the same in collaboration with local authorities or provide a safe from the community. passage through the construction site, where applicable . Avoid, where possible, roads through inhabited areas especially near schools and hospitals. . Provide defensive driving trainings to drivers . Use appropriate signage at vital junctions / locations to raise awareness levels of staff and masses . Do not dispose any waste near roads and ensure vehicles do not litter the road with material during transporting material / waste to and from construction site. Risk of injuries at work . Hire HSE resource for developing occupational safety  Credentials of HSE resource Contractor and plan and onsite training of labor  Quantity, quality and adequacy of PPEs FATA Secretariat rep . Provide PPEs to all staff and install warning signs at  Compliance of PPEs by labor and their construction site. awareness levels using field interviews . Conduct job safety analysis of major activities to  Verify availability of firefighting equipment highlight risks and develop mitigation strategy and plan . Develop and implement an emergency response plan  Evidence of mock drills etc., where applicable complete with defining emergency response team members and their specific roles . In case of multiple small scale projects in an area, they can develop a joint plan for cost saving and resource efficiency considering the remoteness of the area. EHS Training . Arrange trainings on general occupational safety which  Training material and resources Contractor and would be a service to the community as their labor  Feedback from labor on effectiveness of such FATA Secretariat rep would be trained on standards to which they had no trainings previous exposure . Specific trainings on firefighting and use of firefighting equipment . Trainings on excavation safety, rigging safety, working at heights, scaffoldings

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. Trainings on use of cranes and mobile lifting equipment specially for locals which again would be capacity building for local labor giving them better job opportunities in Pakistan and Gulf countries where a large population work as unskilled labor. . Site Restoration

Site restoration issues on all . All leftover / unused material are to be removed from  Verify site conditions with photographic Contractor and aspects of environment and the location and re‐used/re‐cycled where possible. evidence of pre‐project conditions FATA Secretariat rep community  Ensure no material, waste or equipment is left behind at site after demobilization . Site restoration in such a manner where ground is  Documentary evidence of restoration activities levelled and restored to a minimum of the pre‐project and construction compliance report condition. Furthermore, efforts should be made with prepared for submittal to relevant office Contractor budget allocations to improve the condition by filling  & Supervised by of low lying areas and compaction of aggregate Consultant & EMU material dumped for this purpose . Documentation of area restoration . Ensuring areas under crops are not used as borrow areas. . Ensure no harm to natural vegetation and blockade of paths and waterways because of site restoration activities. . Ensure all hazardous non‐hazardous and domestic waste removed from the site prior to demobilization of contractor labor camps.

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Waste Disposal: Most of the waste generated will be related to construction. Construction waste will involve debris due to cutting of stones and blasting, residual RCC material, waste from labor camps, packaging material and kitchen waste, etc.

4.2. Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Environmental mitigation and monitoring plan is shown in Table 14 above.

5. Implementation Budget Training Costs: According to estimates based on market rates, a three‐day session with about a 30 strong group and experienced training resource would cost around USD 10,000/‐. This cost will cater for all expenses of the training including material, logistics, venue etc. Safeguard Documents Preparation Budget: Each subproject would require safeguard documents. Cost estimates for different documentation is provided below: . Checklist USD 5,000 per subproject . IEE/EMP USD 20,000 per subproject study . ESIA USD 30,000-45,000 per subproject study

Monitoring Costs: Contractor will implement all the monitoring requirements during project execution. Based on current prices from reputable monitoring firms, tentative budget is as follows: . Drinking water quality analysis USD 100 / sample . Wastewater analysis USD 150 / sample . Ambient air quality monitoring USD 250 / sample (PM and gaseous emissions)

All these costs must be incorporated in the final contract with the contractor otherwise it will be of no use for the implementing agency or for the M&E teams. The sampling prices might be on the higher side as of now but we need to keep in mind that some of the sample might be sent to other cities for ensuring that results given by the consultant are authentic. Furthermore, we are not sure if we will get qualified consultants in the nearby areas. These costs will be further assessed at the time of award of contract, in line with market prices through a transparent open bidding process.

B‐2 Resettlement Policy Framework

1. Introduction The Government of FATA has prepared the present Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) to address the potential resettlement impacts from Component II‐ Economic Corridor Development of the Peshawar‐Torkham Expressway Corridor (PTEC) project, in line with the national regulatory as well as WB safeguard requirements. Component II aims to alleviate the main constraints on the development of key regional value chains – particularly marble and horticulture ‐ in the Greater Peshawar area to maximize the benefits of the Expressway for the region.

The present RPF covers the Component II of the project; a separate Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared for Component I.

2. Regulatory and Policy Requirements The present RPF has been prepared to address the requirements defined in Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), 1901. In addition, the RPF addresses the requirements detailed in the WB operational policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12).

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3. Scope of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) The present RPF has been prepared for all subprojects to be proposed under the Component II of the PTEC project. The exact nature and locations of these subprojects are not decided yet hence the exact scope and scale of resettlement aspects cannot be determined either. Therefore subproject‐specific resettlement planning cannot be carried out nor can the associated Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) be prepared at this stage. Instead, the present RPF has been prepared that provides a framework to guide the preparation of future RAPs for the subprojects to be identified and implemented under the Component II of the project.

The objective for the RPF is to set out the policies, principles, institutional arrangements, schedules and indicative budget that will take care of anticipated land acquisition and resettlement. These arrangements will also ensure that there is a systematic process for the different stages of the implementation of a framework that assures participation of affected persons, involvement of relevant institutions and stakeholders, adherence to both World Bank and Government of Pakistan procedures and requirements, and outline compensation for affected persons. This RPF thus serves as the framework within which RAPs will be developed when the project is certain of the locations and specific impacts of the subprojects.

4. Potential Resettlement Impacts of the Project As described earlier, the specific activities under Component II of the project comprise: (i) National single window complementing the border crossing process improvements at Torkham being supported by the ADB (ii) Strategic technical assistance covering preparation of Greater Peshawar Economic Development Plan, reinforcement of key institutions relevant to economic development of Greater Peshawar, and design and implementation of reforms of business development; (iii) rehabilitation/upgrading of secondary transport infrastructure, connecting communities and industrial zones in FATA and Peshawar to the Peshawar Torkham Expressway; iv) upgrading up to four industrial zones in FATA: Mohmand Marble City (MMC), Bara, Jamrud/Shahkus, and Mulagori; and v) skills development of men and women in FATA to promote entrepreurship. The third and fourth of the above listed activities have the greatest potential to cause resettlement impacts. The fifth activity may also require land acquisition, however, the scope is not clearly defined at this stage. Though the exact location of the secondary roads and nature and extent of their rehabilitation activities are not known at this stage, these activities may however cause resettlement impacts such as land acquisition and or economic displacement.

Similarly, though the nature and extent of rehabilitation and upgrading of industrial zones is not known at this stage, these activities may cause resettlement impacts such as land acquisition and/or economic displacement.

In addition to above, the implementation of economic development plans though not included in the PTEC project, may also cause resettlement impacts similar to the ones mentioned above.

5. Eligibility and Entitlement To meet the requirements of the WB’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy, the following basic principles will be followed during the resettlement planning and implementation:

 Adverse impacts on project‐affected persons (PAPs) would be avoided or minimized to the extent possible.  Where the adverse impacts are unavoidable, the PAPs will be compensated.  Vulnerable groups will be identified and assisted to improve their standard of living.

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 The project will make cash compensation to the PAPs for their affected land, structures and other assets.  The owners of affected structures, in addition to cash compensation for the structure on replacement cost will be allowed to salvage their building material. This applies to the owners including absentee owners of all categories of immovable structures.  Before taking possession of the acquired land and properties, compensation/ assistance will be made in accordance with Bank Policy.  Appropriate grievance redress mechanism will be established at field and project level to ensure speedy resolution of disputes.  All PAPs are eligible for compensation and livelihood/income restoration irrespective of possession of land title. A title would however be required for payment of compensation for land.  All compensation will be paid at replacement value for assets without deducting depreciation and salvage value.  All PAPs and stakeholders will be consulted to improve the design of the project, for preparation of the safeguards documents and over the life of the project.

The following persons would be eligible for compensation and or resettlement assistance:

 All land owning PAPs losing land or non‐land assets, whether covered by legal title or customary land rights, whether for temporary or permanent acquisition.  Tenants and sharecroppers, whether registered or not, for all non‐land assets, based on prevailing tenancy arrangements;  Persons losing the use of structures and utilities, including titled and non‐titled owners, registered, unregistered, tenants and lease holders plus encroachers and squatters.  Persons losing business, income and salaries of workers, or a person or business suffering temporary effects, such as disturbance to land, crops, and business operations both permanently and also temporarily during construction;  Loss of communal property, lands and public infrastructure;  Vulnerable persons identified through the census/impact assessment survey/analysis;  In case of relocation, all affected persons will receive transitional and other support to re‐establish their livelihoods. Entitlement of various categories of resettlement impacts and PAPs is presented in the matrix below.

Table 15: Entitlement Matrix

Type of Loss Specification Affected Persons Compensation Entitlements3  No compensation for land Temporary impacts on Access is not Farmers/ provided that the land is arable land (in view of the restricted and Titleholders rehabilitated/ restored to its scale and nature of the existing or former quality following subprojects under current land completion of works; Component II, the duration use will remain  Compensation, in cash, for all of such temporary impacts is unchanged damaged crops and trees. likely to be short, typically 3‐  Compensation, in cash, for income 4 months for small projects loss if any for the duration of the and can be larger for bigger temporary impacts. projects).  No compensation for land Leaseholders provided that the land is (registered or rehabilitated/ restored to its not)

3 Compensation for all assets will be paid to the owner of the asset.

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Type of Loss Specification Affected Persons Compensation Entitlements3 former quality following completion of works;  Compensation, in cash, for all damaged crops and trees.  Compensation, in cash, for income loss if any for the duration of the temporary impacts.  Compensation, in cash, for all Sharecroppers damaged crops and trees. (registered or  Compensation, in cash, for income not) loss if any for the duration of the temporary impacts.  Cash indemnity corresponding to Agricultural their salary (including portion in workers kind) for the period of temporary disturbance due to project activities.  Compensation, in cash, for all Squatters damaged crops and trees, where these are owned by the squatters.  Compensation, in cash, for income loss if any for the duration of the temporary impacts.  Land for land compensation with Permanent impacts on All adverse Farmers/ plots of equal value and arable land where access is effects on land Titleholders productivity to the plots lost, restricted and/or land use use Landowners with ensuring economic viability of the will be affected independent of customary rights new land and also ensuring that severity of the PAPs’ livelihood is not impact negatively affected; or;  Cash compensation plus 15% compulsory acquisition surcharge (CAS) for affected land at replacement cost based on market value free of taxes, registration, and transfer costs  Renewal of lease contract in other Leaseholders plots of equal value/ productivity (registered or of plots lost, or not)  Cash equivalent to market value of gross yield of affected land for the

remaining lease years (up to a maximum of three years).  Cash equivalent to market value of Sharecroppers the lost harvest share once (registered or (temporary impact) or twice not) (permanent impact).  Provision of livelihood restoration

support (i.e, inclusion in the Livelihood Restoration Plan).  Cash indemnity corresponding to Agricultural their salary (including portions in workers losing kind) for the remaining part of the their contract agricultural year.

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Type of Loss Specification Affected Persons Compensation Entitlements3  Provision of livelihood restoration support (i.e, inclusion in the Livelihood Restoration Plan).  One rehabilitation allowance Squatters equal to market value of one gross harvest (in addition to crop compensation) for land use loss.  One severe impact allowance Additional Farmers/ equal to market value of gross provisions for Titleholders harvest of the affected land for severe impacts Leaseholders one year (inclusive of winter and (Land loss summer crop and additional to more than 10% standard crop compensation). of land holding)  One severe impact allowance Sharecroppers equal to market value of share of (registered or harvest lost (additional to not) standard crop compensation)  One severe impact allowance Squatters equal to market value of gross harvest of the affected land for one year (inclusive of winter and summer crops and additional to standard crop compensation)  Land for land compensation Residential or Commercial Titleholders/ through provision of a plot Land People with comparable in value/ location to customary rights plot lost or  Cash compensation plus 15% CAS for affected land at full replacement cost free of taxes, registration, and transfer costs.  3 months’ rent or a value Renters/ proportionate to the duration of Leaseholders the remaining lease, including any deposits they may lose.  Accommodation in available Squatters alternate land/ or a self‐relocation allowance equivalent to one month of official minimum wage.  Cash compensation at Houses/ Full loss of Owners replacement rates for affected structures; Structures structure and other fixed assets partial loss of free of salvageable materials, structures; depreciation and transaction moving minor costs. structure,  In case of partial permanent kiosks and impacts full cash assistance to temporary restore remaining structure, in structures. addition to compensation at replacement cost for the affected part of the structure.  Affected tenants will receive cash Houses/ Full loss of Tenants compensation of a value structures; Structures proportionate to the duration of partial loss of the remaining lease period, or structures; three months, whichever is higher.

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Type of Loss Specification Affected Persons Compensation Entitlements3 moving minor

structure; kiosks and temporary structure  Crop compensation in cash at full Crops Crops affected All PAPs owning market rate for one harvest crops (including (either winter or summer) by squatters) default for impacts caused by the project activities.  All other crop losses will be compensated at market rates based on actual losses.  For timber/ wood trees, the Trees Trees affected All PAPs owning compensation will be at market trees (including value of tree's wood content. squatters)  Fruit trees: cash compensation based on lost production for the entire period needed to re‐ establish a tree of equal productivity.  Business owner: (i) Cash Business/ Temporary or All PAPs compensation equal to one year permanent loss (including Employment income, if loss is permanent; ii) in of business or squatters, case of temporary loss, cash employment agriculture compensation equal to the period workers) of the interruption of business up to a maximum of six months or covering the period of income loss based on construction activity.  Workers/ employees: Indemnity for lost wages for the period of business interruption up to a maximum of three months (to be calculated on the basis of Cost of Basic Needs (CBN), which is currently PKR 3,030 per person per month).  Provision of sufficient allowance Relocation Transport and All PAPs affected to cover transport expenses and transitional by relocation livelihood expenses for one month livelihood costs (to be calculated on the basis of CBN per person).  Rehabilitation/ substitution of Community assets Mosques, foot Affected affected structures/ utilities (i.e. bridges, roads, community mosques, footbridges, roads, schools, health schools, health centers). center  Lump sum one time livelihood Vulnerable PAPs livelihood Households All vulnerable assistance allowance (to be below poverty PAPs calculated on the basis of CBN per line; female person) on account of livelihood headed restoration support. households;  Temporary or permanent disable employment during construction persons. or operation, where ever feasible.

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Type of Loss Specification Affected Persons Compensation Entitlements3  Provision of one time PKR 15,000 moving assistance to cover transport expenses, where applicable.  Deal appropriately during project Unidentified Losses Unanticipated All PAPs implementation according to the impacts World Bank Operational Policies.

6. Resettlement Planning A separate Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or an Abbreviated RAP (ARAP) will need to be prepared for each subproject (or a collection of subprojects) involving resettlement impacts. Before the approval of each subproject for the WB financing, its RAP or ARAP will need to be cleared by the Bank. RAPs and ARAPs shall be based on the following principles:

 identify possibility of land acquisition and resettlement during screening of subprojects;  minimize resettlement through relocation/realignment of the project site, where possible;  if resettlement is unavoidable, prepare a RAP or an ARAP in line with World Bank OP 4.12;  undertake meaningful consultation with project affected persons (PAPs);  ensure PAPs are clearly identified including those with no formal rights;  restore their livelihood;  pay compensation in time before civil works on the respective subproject start, and;  disclose all relevant information. Cut‐off date. The cut‐off date shall be set to prevent false claims for compensation or rehabilitation. Normally, this cut‐off date is the date when the census begins. Compensation eligibility will be limited by a cut‐off date for each subproject on the day of the beginning of the census survey for the impact assessment in order to avoid an influx of outsiders. The cut‐off date will be announced through local means of communication including face‐to‐face communication with communities. Any persons who would settle/or build assets on encroached lands in the affected areas after the cut‐off date will not be eligible for compensation.

7. RAP Preparation The RAP preparation activities will be initiated as part of the preparation of each new subproject involving resettlement impacts. The requirement will be to take the completed detailed design of proposed subproject and carry out resettlement surveys (a measurement survey and enumeration). The RAP consultants will acquire map of the land and overlay subproject detailed design with clear demarcation of land, and carryout demarcation on the ground in the presence of local community representatives in a transparent manner to avoid any confusion. After assessment of all impacts of a subproject, a RAP will be prepared to compensate/mitigate the identified impacts. Any unforeseen or additional impacts will be mitigated in the light of principles and procedures laid down in the present RPF. The RAP preparation will entail the following studies and investigations: Socioeconomic Survey; Census Survey; Impacts Assessment and Inventory; Gender Impacts, Eligibility, Entitlement and Compensation Determination; Devising Livelihood Restoration and Rehabilitation Measures; Stakeholder Consultations; Institutional Arrangements and GRM; Devising Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism and Resettlement Budget Estimation.

All RAPs prepared for Component II subprojects will need to be cleared by the World Bank.

The executive summaries of approved RAPs will be translated in Urdu and available for public review at suitable locations including project office, offices of the concerned government department/agency,

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and office of the Political Agent where relevant. RAPs and their Urdu translations will be placed on the official websites of GoKP and FATA Secretariat.

8. Implementation Arrangements Component II will be implemented by the FATA Secretariat and FATA Development Authority (FDA). A Steering Committee will also be established for ensuring effective implementation of the component.

There shall be a dedicated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) established within the FATA Secretariat in Peshawar, headed by the General Manager (Peshawar‐Torkham Economic Corridor Project). There is a possibility that some procurement tasks shall be delegated to the Chief Engineer of FATA and FDA. The PIU will be adequately staffed with competent professionals and will also be responsible for the Social Safeguard aspects.

A Social and Resettlement Management Unit (SRMU) will need to be established within the PIU. The proposed composition of SRMU is as below:

 Deputy Manager, Social and Resettlement: focal person for social and resettlement aspects  Assistant Manager (Social): member;  Assistant Manager (Resettlement): member;  A representative of a Community Based Organization (CBO) or a local Non‐governmental Organization (NGO). The SIA/SMP and RAP/ARAP of sub‐projects will be prepared by SRMU in accordance with SMF and RPF by hiring a consultant/or by supervisory consultants and these will be submitted to WB for approval.

A Resettlement Unit (RU) will be established at Sub‐Project level (field level) for the implementation of the RAP/ARAP (when RAP/ARAP is prepared). The proposed RU will have the following members, in addition to its own technical staff including an Executive Engineer:

 Assistant Political Agent/Land Acquisition Collector (LAC) KP  Representative of PIU  Representatives of Contractor  RAP/ARAP Implementation Consultant  Naib Tehsil Dar/ Patwari (KP)  Representative of Project Affected Persons Committee (PAPC) (male & female) The PAPC will be formed at the field level with participation from each village.

The PIU will engage Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC) to periodically monitor project activities to ensure compliance with the design and other requirements such as social safeguards. The IMC will also be responsible to monitor the SIA/SMP and RAP/ARAPs implementation. For this purpose, they will periodically visit the site, hold meetings with the PIU, SRMU, RU, and most importantly, the PAPC. They will review the documentation related to SIA/SMP and RAP/ARAPs implementation and particularly review the GRM record.

9. Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring of the implementation of RPF/RAP/ARAP will be carried out in two tiers. In the first tier, internal monitoring will be carried out by PIU (FATA Secretariat) with the assistance of SRMU, whereas in the second tier, external monitoring will be carried out by the Independent Monitoring Consultants (IMC). The purpose of these monitoring activities is to ensure the implementation of safeguard documents (SMF/SIA/SMP and RPF/RAP/ARAP) in a timely manner, in accordance with the procedures described in the RPF, and in compliance with the national as well as WB safeguard policies.

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All activities involved in the preparation and implementation of each RAP will be monitored along with the status of resolution of all complaints (with details). Internal monitoring will be carried out routinely by the social and resettlement specialist of PIU. Results of internal monitoring will be compiled and shared with the Steering Committee, PAPs, and the Bank through monthly and quarterly progress reports (QPRs). Indicators for the internal monitoring will be those related to process, immediate outputs and results.

10. Grievance Redress Mechanism 4 A multi‐tier grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established for Component II of the project to facilitate amicable and timely resolution of complaints and grievances of the communities including PAPs regarding the resettlement issues (as well as other social and environmental aspects of the project). For making effectively operational, the set‐up of GRM will be at three different tiers.

 Tier 1 (Village/Community level – Local Jirga): When a grievance arises, the PAPs (male or female) may contact directly with the village level committee. The committee may resolve the concern at their doorstep. If the issue is successfully resolved, no further follow‐up is required. The committee will make all efforts to resolve the issue within 10 days of launch of complaint.

 Tier 2 (Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) at PIU level): If no solution can be found at Tier 1, the PAPs (male and female) may enter concern/grievance to the GRC (PIU). The GRC will log the complaint along with relevant details in the community Complaint Register (CR). For each complaint, the GRC will investigate and prepare Fact‐Finding Report and assess its eligibility, and identify an appropriate solution. Accordingly, the concerns will be redressed/appropriately responded within 15 days. Thus, the GRC will, as appropriate, instruct the responsible entity to take corrective actions. The GRC will review the responsible entity’s response and undertake additional monitoring as needed. During the complaint investigation, the GRC will work in close consultation with the Contractors, the Project Consultants, PIU/SRMU and RU.

 Tier 3 (FATA Secretariat level): If still, the complainant is not satisfied/issue not resolved, then GRC will forward the complaint to FATA Secretariat for remedial measures and decisions/grievance (s) will be resolved accordingly. The committee at FATA Secretariat level will consist of Political Agent (PA), PIU, as well as PAPC/PAP representative and grievance (s) will be resolved in three weeks.

The GRM will be established and operated in a transparent and participatory manner. Complete details of the GRM including its procedures will be widely disseminated particularly among the local communities and PAPs. The GRM registers will remain accessible to communities and other stakeholders, and complete information of the corrective actions taken in response to the grievances will be shared with the stakeholders particularly the related community. The grievance redress mechanism will be gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to the PAPs at no cost and without retribution. The entire system will be completely accessible to women and girls and female PAPCs established (if needed) will help to facilitate the redress of grievances and complaints of females.

11. Documentation and Reporting The entire process of RAP preparation and implementation will need to be properly documented and reported. This will include consultations, surveys and data collection carried out during RAP

4 Guidance on GRM is available in the following documents: 1) World Bank. 2014. The World Bank's Approach to Grievance Redress in Projects. Washington, DC (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/20119.) 2. World Bank. 2014. Evaluating a grievance redress mechanism. Washington, DC : World Bank Group (http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/431781468158375570/Evaluating-a-grievance-redress-mechanism).

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preparation, RAP compilation, updated loss inventories, updated PAP lists, compensation payments, consultation records, GRM record, and minutes of site meetings. The RAP Consultants will prepare quarterly reports covering the preparation and implementation progress of each RAP. Similarly, separate reports will be prepared for internal as well as external monitoring discussed earlier.

12. Budget and Financing The cost of implementation of the present RPF has been estimated to be USD 920,000. This includes salaries for social development/resettlement specialist of PIU, cost of engaging RAP Consultants, and training costs. The cost of implementation of each RAP is not known at this stage and hence these are not covered here. This cost will be covered under Component III of the project.

13. Stakeholder Consultations The national/provincial legislation and WB safeguard policies require consultations to be carried out particularly with the affected communities as part of the environmental and social assessment process. The consultations were carried out while preparing the present RPF and reported in this Chapter as well as those planned while preparing subproject‐specific RAPs meet these requirements.

Consultations carried out during RPF preparation. Consultations were carried out in the areas where activities under the Component II are likely to take place. A summary of these consultations is provided below.

 Local community of the villages adjacent to the Mohmand Marble City is in favor the construction of MMC and they consider this project to be beneficial to them primarily because it will generate employment opportunities for them. Furthermore, they approve the location of the MMC since the land, which was completely barren and uneven, has now been converted into the industrial estate.5 The villagers are considering MMC as a new beginning for their future since the job and business opportunities will help them generate income and raise their living standards.  Villagers are looking forward to the construction of economic zone and its associated facilities like construction of local roads, health and education facilities, but at the same time they are also afraid that their land will be occupied and due to construction work they could be disturbed.  Community is directly affected by issues such as noise and dust generated by construction works.  People are concerned about the nearby Perchavi Industrial Estate that releases waste effluents into their residential area.  Currently there is no dry port in the area, but the people are in favor of establishing such a facility in the area.  Land sale‐purchase is carried out through the Jirga and a formal agreement on a court paper is signed for this process between the seller and the buyer. Consultation Framework. The stakeholder consultation is an ongoing process and will continue throughout the project’s implementation. The ongoing consultation process could be scheduled on a regular basis with the stakeholders including but not limited to the PAPs, concerned government departments, local administration and the community representatives from the proposed project area. The Consultation and Participation Framework to be implemented during project is presented in RPF.

5 The location and nature of subprojects under Component II of PTEC within MMC are still not known, hence this RPF has been prepared instead of RAP or ARAP (see Section on Resettlement Policy Framework on page viii).

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B ‐3 Social Management Framework

The Social Management Framework (SMF) has been prepared to address the potential social risks and impacts from the implementation of Component II of the Peshawar Torkham Economic Corridor (PTEC) Project, in line with the national regulatory as well as World Bank (WB) safeguard requirements.

The SMF is proposed as an instrument to identify, assess, mitigate and monitor social risks associated with Component II of PTEC project. Since the exact nature, scope and scale of interventions under the Component II of PTEC are not fully defined so far, a framework approach has been followed for social safeguards.

The major purpose of preparing the SMF is to formulate appropriate social safeguard principles and provide technical guidelines to identify impacts, prepare safeguard plans, and devise mitigation measures to address adverse social impacts of the project.

1. Principles and Methodology For the preparation of SMF, primary and secondary data was collected. Primary data was collected through site visits, transact walk, consultations with officials of concerned departments/authority and local communities located in the surrounding of the project area. Secondary data sources includes projects maps/Google maps, project related documents, Economic Survey of Pakistan 2016‐17, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey of FATA (2009), Population of FATA Census (2017), World Bank Operational Policies (OPs), labour laws & regulations and other relevant reports/documents.

Field visits were made from 8‐12 September, 2017 and 15‐ 21 September, 2017 to the project sites including (i) Mohmand Marble City (MMC); ii) Mullagori Industrial Zone iii) Bara Industrial Zone, iv) Vocational Technical Institute for skills development at Jamrud/Shahkus and Bara; and Secondary Transport Infrastructure. Sixteen consultations were made covering about 102 participants including officials, manufacturers, workers, teachers/instructors of vocational institutes and local community members; and political administration (Political Tehsildar). Their feedback/concerns relating to the project preparation, design and implementation were also recorded. All collected data/information from different sources was tabulated and analyzed and compiled in the SMF.

2. Social Screening of Component II of PTEC Project The activities to be carried out under the second component of the PTEC will be screened to evaluate the potential social impacts, examine the alternatives to minimize the impacts and compensating for adverse social impacts (i.e., involuntary resettlement, physical cultural resources, labour and gender issues) and enhancing positive impacts. Each activities/or group of activities (sub‐components) will go through the same screening and scoping process to determine the type and detail of the safeguard instrument (s) that are required by both the World Bank safeguard policies and the Pakistani legislation.

Based on the screening data on the extent of likely impacts, the safeguard requirements will be categorized6 and accordingly the preparation of the required instrument (s) will be suggested.

3. Screening of Social Impacts Under Component II of PTEC Project, four (4) main activities are identified, i.e. (1) Strategic Technical Assistance; (2) Secondary Transport Infrastructure; (3) Upgrading of Industrial Zones (4) Skills Development

6 SIA and RAP will be required for the project component that may have a new site with one or more potentially significant social impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. (about 200 or more people may experience major impacts, that is, being physically moved from housing, or losing 10% or more of their productive (income-generating) assets. These impacts are site- specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed readily.

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which will have a variety of social impacts. Some sub‐projects under these activities have tentatively been identified and others are still to be identified.

A brief description of social impacts is provided in Table‐1 below:

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Table 16: Social Impacts of Project Activities of Component II of PTEC Project

Main Activity Description of activities Project Impacts Remarks National Single The activities will mainly focus on improvement of cargo clearance process It is unlikely that this activity will involve land acquisition. Window and other soft interventions. Strategic The activity will support: This component will primarily focus on desk studies, The Technical i) Preparation of a Greater Peshawar Economic Development Plan; assessments, data collection and analysis and development activities Assistance. ii) Reinforcement of key institutions relevant to the economic of different plans. under this development of Greater Peshawar and FATA/ FATA Service part include

Delivery Centers; and studies and plans to be Design and implementation of reforms of the business environment in prepared FATA and KP. under this project. Secondary Under this activity, some of the projects being considered are as below7: The activities include: construction of new roads & bridge SIA/SMP Transport and rehabilitation and widening of existing roads, which and RAP/

Infrastructure involves land acquisition (private/ communal/tribal land), ARAP will i). Jamrud ‐ Mohmand Marble City (Total 17 km, out of which 11 km is (STI) to support due to which there will be loss of trees, some cropped area, need to be existing and 6 km new construction). the rehabilitation structures, and other assets as well as livelihood of the prepared. ii). Construction of bridge at Kabul river adjacent to the MM City. of secondary people/local community. iii). MM City ‐ Ekka Ghund (7 km new road) roads and other iv). Khar ‐ Munda road (28 km existing road in Bajour agency. infrastructure v). Matani – Bara – Surkamar (27 km new road) connecting The other impacts may be related to: vi). Trucking and market infrastructure (includes construction of rest communities and areas, parking, hotels etc.) industrial zones in i). Noise, dust, vibration on neighboring properties; FATA to the ii). Exposure of community to construction workers Peshawar (unwanted attention or abuse, disruptive behavior, Torkham safety issues from heavy traffic); Expressway. iii). Disturbances to land uses and peoples’ access to resources;

7 This is as per Chief Engineer, C&W Department, Government of FATA.

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Main Activity Description of activities Project Impacts Remarks iv). Impacts on community health and safety v). Gender related impacts including women privacy, mobility, equality; vi). Labour related issues; vii). Inconvenience to the communities due to access problems, difficulties in pedestrians’ movement particularly for the disabled and the aged, etc.; viii). Complaints from the neighbors and local community; and ix). Other social impacts identified during screening and assessment. Upgrading of upto The activities may include but not be limited to: For up‐gradation activities (transportation/ vehicle SIA/SMF and 4 Industrial Zones i). Construction of CETP; and mobility, construction of camps etc.), there might be RAP/ ARAP including ii). Construction of facilities to facilitate male and female temporary land acquisition (private/ communal/tribal will need to Construction of employment and entrepreneurship, and assistance with zone land), due to which there may be loss of trees, structures/ be CETP. management. Four industrial zones are: assets, relocation of public utilities as well as loss of prepared. o Mohmand Marble City Industrial Zone including CFTC ‐ This livelihood.

Industrial zone is located in the jurisdiction of Mohmand

agency and consisting of about 1100 acres of land (plain and hilly terrain). The land was acquired by FATA government The other impacts may be related to: and since 41 plots have already been auctioned to the private businesses. It is the only SEZ in FATA and therefore i). Noise, dust, vibration on neighboring properties; laws related to SEZ’s apply to it. The boundary wall and a ii). Exposure of community to construction workers grid station have already been constructed. This Industrial (unwanted attention or abuse, disruptive behavior, zone (IZ) has been well planned consisting of all requisite safety issues from heavy traffic); infrastructure including truck terminals, filling station, fire iii). Disturbances to land uses and peoples’ access to brigade, warehouse, hospital, labour colony, machinery resources; pool, parking, and Common Facility Training Centre (CFTC) iv). Impacts on community health and safety; and other. The allotment of plots is under process on a fast v). Gender related impacts including women privacy, track under the supervision of FATA Development Authority mobility, equality; (FDA). vi). Labour related issues; o Mulagori Industrial Zone ‐ This Industrial zone was established in 1985 and is located in the jurisdiction of

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Main Activity Description of activities Project Impacts Remarks Khyber Agency. It consists of more than 200 factories vii). Inconvenience to the communities due to access belonging to marble production. There are more than 5000 problems, difficulties in pedestrians’ movement workers associated with this industrial zone. This industrial particularly for the disabled and the aged, etc. zone has issues with respect to the: (a) electricity shortage, viii). Complaints from the neighbors and local community; (b) access roads, (c) sewage/ drainage system, (d) natural and gas (e) water supply (f) first aid service/health facilities, (g) ix). Other social impacts identified during screening and latest machinery (h) rehabilitation of existing assessment. structures/buildings, (i) financial/loan assistance, (j) non‐ availability of bank in the vicinity of industrial zone. o Bara Industrial Zone ‐ This Industrial zone was established in 1964 and is located in the jurisdiction of Khyber Agency. It has more than 50 factories belonging to textiles (power loams), detergents (washing powder), plastic shopping bags, cable, jute (bori), plastic pipe and ice factory. Currently, many factories are still closed following the military operation in area. There are more than 3,000 workers which are employed in this Industrial zone. o Jamrud/Shahkus Industrial Zone ‐ This Industrial zone is located in the jurisdiction of Khyber Agency. Its industries had been relocated/shifted due to non‐availability of electricity. For the moment no industries are in operation in the industrial zone. The upgradation of this Industrial zone may require reliable and dependable electricity, access to connecting roads, motivation/encouragement to the investors for construction of industries in this zone. However, land is expensive in this area due to its proximity to Peshawar. 4 Skills The activities may include: The screening of social impacts reveals that for the SMP and Development  Development of skills of men and women in FATA to create jobs. implementation of skill development activity under Gender  Promote Vocational Technical Institutes for man and women at the Component II of PTEC Project may involve land acquisition. Action Plan industrial zone(s) There may be upgradation in terms of (a) vocational will need to training institutes for male and female, (b) procurement of be additional equipment/ machines (c) rehabilitation of prepared.

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Main Activity Description of activities Project Impacts Remarks  Up‐ gradation of existing Vocational Technical Institute including buildings and (d) installation of security system in the improving level of diplomas and accordingly procurement of Institute especially in proposed institute for females. There requisite equipment/ machines and toolkits. will not be significant social impacts by upgrading of vocational training institutes including female institute,

however, there will be temporary impacts due to the construction activities, mobility of vehicles/machinery etc, which can be mitigated by preparing an SMP. This activity will upgrade the skills of men and women in FATA to promote entrepreneurship and to meet the demands of economically‐strategic industries in the area and of investments. Training will also be coordinated with the upgrading of industrial zones to exploit complementarities and enhance impact. Furthermore, the development of a Common Facility Training Center (CFTC) at MMC and of women skills development centers will also be contributory towards the advancement of FATA.

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4. Social Impacts The impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement were assessed at the broader level and presented in the RPF prepared as a separate standalone document for the Project (Component II).

Screening related to Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs) will also be carried out and if required, Physical Cultural Resource Management Plan (PCRMP) will be prepared. However, Chance Find Procedures will be in place to deal with such areas if found during the construction phase. PCR Framework and Chance Find Procedures are presented in SMF.

There are no indigenous people/or group of indigenous people located in the project area. Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province is outside of the project geographic scope, where the only known indigenous peoples are present.

In the project area, about one‐half of the population are women. The women are generally involved in household chores and in agriculture. During the execution of activities of second component, the women mobility to carry out their routine activities may be hindered and their privacy may be affected. In this context, a gender development framework has been prepared which will be considered during the project implementation.

The activities of Component‐II will involve a large number of labour during the construction of roads and upgradation of industrial zones. In addition, in the project area (Industrial Zone (IZ) or in vicinity of IZ), most of workers are engaged as labourers in industries (Mullagori Industrial zone is related to the marble production, while Bara Industrial Zone has mix of products like textiles (power looms), detergent powder, plastic shopper (bags), plastic pipe and ice factory, etc.) A Labour Management Framework (LMF) has been included in the SMF to deal with these issues.

5. Social Screening of the Sub‐Projects All activities to be implemented under component II of PTEC project will be screened for need of land acquisition, resettlement and other social issues. Accordingly, the preparation of the required instrument (s) will be recommended. Each activity of Component II will go through the same screening and scoping process to determine the type and detail of the safeguard instrument (s) that are required by both the Bank safeguard policies and the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) and Pakistani legislation. The steps involved are as below:  Carry out the screening as per screening form included in SMF.  Brief assessment of the nature/type and magnitude of sub‐project impact (impact assessment)  Determination of type of safeguard instruments required, i.e. a SIA. SMP, RAP or ARAP. Based on the screening data on the extent of likely impacts, the Component II safeguard requirements will be categorized as Significant, Non‐Significant or No Impact. Any activities of the Component II that may cause significant social impacts will require a comprehensive SIA including type/nature and magnitude of impacts and preparation of RAP, while in case of non‐significant impacts, an ARAP and SMP will be required. In case of no impact, the temporary/minor impacts are generally mitigated during the project implementation as a part the contractors’ contract.

The SIA and SMP can be prepared as a part of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) or Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) to be prepared for Component II of the PTEC project. The social team will assess these impacts during the preparation of ESIA and ESMPs by working in close coordination with the environment teams and ensure that these impacts and their mitigations are reflected properly.

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6. Public Consultations and Disclosure Sixteen consultations were conducted covering key stakeholders including manufacturers/industrial owners, workers, local community, officials of concerned institutions (FATA Secretariat, FATA Development Authority (FDA), C&W Department, political administration, vocational institutes). Accordingly, their feedback relating to the concerns, constraints, activities/items and the needs for upgradation in case of industrial zones and vocational training institutes including those for female were recoded. A Stakeholder’s Consultation Framework has also been developed and presented in the SMF.

7. Gender Development Framework Women are primarily involved in various household activities, including fetching drinking water from stream/nullah; collecting fire woods in nearby hilly area; washing clothes and household utensils; child rearing and caring and looking after the cattle. Gender issues such as restricted mobility, privacy, limited involvement in decision making and ownership rights, eligibility & entitlements of compensation and, level of income/ livelihood restoration have been identified as factors that may exist.

Keeping in view the above gender issues, a gender development framework associated with the activities to be executed under Component II of PTEC project has been prepared and included in SMF to address the gender related issues during the project implementation.

8. Labour Management Framework Most of the workers are engaged in industries in the industrial zones, i.e. Mullagori Industrial zone is related to marble processing and production, while Bara Industrial zone has a mix of manufacturers like textiles (power looms), detergent powder, plastic shopping bags, plastic pipe and ice factory, etc. In general, workers/labour work for six days in a week with an average 10 working hours in the industrial zones. None or limited number of women were engaged in employment in industrial zones.

Social amenities such as first aid/health/insurance facilities, waste disposal, hostel arrangements, access roads, transportation/travelling facilities; and electricity were found missing. In order to manage the labour related issues, LMF has been prepared and included in SMF including three components:

1. Labour Employment and Working Conditions 2. Labour Camp Management 3. Labour and Local Community Interaction LMF has been prepared to: (a) promote fair and equitable labour practices for the fair treatment, non‐ discrimination and equal opportunity of workers; (b) establish, manage and promote a healthy management‐ worker relationship; (c) protect workers’ rights including migrants & third party workers; and (d) promote healthy, safe, secure and comfortable accommodation that does not impact negatively on the communities in the surrounding area.

The recommended measures include (i) encouragement to engage local workers/labourers with the same terms and condition of outside workers/labourers; (ii) putting in place a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which should be well known to the labourers/workers and accessible; (iii) prohibition of child labor; (iv) no engagement of forced and bonded labour; (v) provision of a safe and healthy working environment to both male and female workers (if any); and (vi) taking steps to prevent accidents, injuries, diseases and appropriate treatment for those suffering from occupational injuries/ diseases; and encourage for insurance facility for workers.

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9. Institutional Arrangements, GRM and M&E The institutional arrangements, GMR and M&E required for the implementation of SMF are same as described under the RPF.

10. Capacity Development and Training The key institutions for capacity building includes, i) PIU & SRMU ii) the Contractor, iii) Consultants, line‐ departments/agencies, local Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and other concerned who will be involved in the implementation of SIA/SMP/SMF and RPF/RAP/ARAPs and other social safeguards instruments.

The technical officials/engineers of FATA Secretariat/ FDA, Contractor staff has limited experience regarding the social safeguard and management. As discussed above, PIU (FATA Secretariat) will be overall responsible for implementation of the social safeguard instruments, therefore, basic training on regulatory requirements, social impact assessment and management would greatly improve the capability of relevant technical staff in carrying out their responsibilities under the proposed PTEC Project (Component II).

11. SMF Budget The tentative SMF budget covering the training and capacity building, third party validation and mitigation measures is estimated to be around PKR 196,350,000.