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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research Unit AP.2 - COST

Contact: Mrs Marija Skerlj Address: European Commission, rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 200 (SDME 1/43), B-1049 Brussels - Tel. (32-2) 29-91599; fax (32-2) 29-65987

European Commission

COST Action 99 Research action on food consumption and composition data

LanguaL 2000 The LanguaL thesaurus

Working Group on food description, terminology and nomenclature

Edited by:

Anders Møller and Jayne

Directorate-General for Research

2000 EUR 19540

LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.

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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000 ISBN 92-828-9758-3

© European Communities, 2000 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

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LanguaL 2000 THE LANGUAL THESAURUS

PREPARED BY

ANDERS MØLLER JAYNE IRELAND

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for so willingly sharing all the information concerning LanguaL and other indexing systems at the FDA. Special thanks goes to Michele R. Chatfield, Elizabeth C. Smith, Ann Marie Poulsen and Charles E. Exley of CFSAN for providing the original Factored Food Vocabulary and LanguaL files, and for many good discussions concerning LanguaL over the years. We would also like to thank Bradley Rosenthal and Thomas Hendricks, both now retired from the FDA, for their enthusiasm and en- ergy in promoting the LanguaL ideas in the past. Also, thanks to Joanne Holden, USDA Nutri- ent Data Laboratory, for following the continued work on LanguaL so closely. We would especially like to express our gratitude to Ivan Varsanyi, , who during the bilateral French-Hungarian BALATON and the European COST Action 99 projects persistently invoked updates and changes to the LanguaL Thesaurus to make the thesaurus up-to-date. Ivan’s much too early death meant a big loss in the knowledge of his specialities in food science and technology. Judit Monspart-Senyi, Hungary, who replaced Ivan Varsanyi in the BALATON pro- ject, has provided a tremendous effort in the follow-up and finishing of the work initiated by Ivan. For this version of the LanguaL Thesaurus we also owe special thanks to our colleagues in , first of all to Florian Schlotke, , for maintaining the LanguaL Homepage and for developing the LanguaL Thesaurus Manager, and together with him Merja-Leena Ovaskainen (Finland), Jean-Luc Volatier and Gloria Calamassi-Tran (Crédoc, ), Wulf Becker (), Ian Unwin (United Kingdom), and Nadia Slimani (WHO) for many fruitful discussions about the LanguaL Thesaurus. The work done in connection with the EU-AIR Concerted Action NETTOX and its successor BASIS on bioactive substances in foods has provided many comments and suggestions for changes and updates of LanguaL. We are grateful for these comments and would especially like to thank the project co-ordinator Jørn Gry and Inge Søborg for their input. This updated version of the LanguaL Thesaurus would never have been possible without the fi- nancial support from the French-Hungarian BALATON project and the European COST Action 99. We are very grateful for this support.

Paris, January 2000, revised September 2003 Anders Møller Jayne Ireland

Introduction to COST Action 99

COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a research programme to facilitate scientific and technical co-operation at European level, complementing in particular the EU framework programmes and EUREKA. COST co-operation takes the form of concerted Actions, which involve the co-ordination of national research projects. The Action’s focus on specific themes, which are targeted by participating countries according ta their research priorities. The co- ordination avoids unnecessary duplication of research, at botti European and national level, and helps build larger, more effettive scientific communities. At present, COST offers the possibility to co-operate between scientists from up to 32 member countries, and participants from other coun- tries may be admitted on a case by case basis. COST is funding projects involved in pre- competitive and basic research as well as other activities of public utility. The scientific quality of COST projects is well recognised and contributes to a coherent structure for European research.

In the field of Food Science and Technology, COST is mainly concerned with im- proving food safety, food quality and nutrition. Taking iato account these main topics, COST Action 99 (1994-1999) is specifically devoted to "Food Consumption and Composition Data". Twenty- seven countries have actively participated in this COST Action: Belgium, Croa- tia, , Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, , Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Ice- land, Italy, Lithuania, , Norway, , Portugal, , Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey and United Kingdom. The Action has been sup- ported by the European Commission, Directorate General for Research and in par- ticular by the Unit AP2: Political Co-ordination and Strategy, responsible for COST support and its Scientific Secretariat.

The primary objective of the COST 99 Action was to merge knowledge and expertise of ex- perts in COST countries in order to:

1.To construct and establish a network of compatible food composition databases with the quality required for interpretation, description and exchange of high quality food consumption and food consumption data.

2.To ensure the continuity of collection and improve the quality and harmonisation of food consumption data as available from food balance sheets and household budget surveys.

3.To continue to improve the quality and compatibility af data for inclusion in tables and databases of food composition. 4.To maintain and improve existing food coding systems in order to exchange data efficiently.

The secondary objective was to provide information on food supplies, dietary patterns and the intake of nutrients and of non-nutrients.

Marija Skerlj Scientific Secretary

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus

Contents: 1 What is LanguaL?...... 7 1.1 International use of LanguaL...... 8 1.2 Contacts...... 9 2 The multilingual LanguaL thesaurus...... 11 2.1 Thesaurus structure ...... 11 2.2 Hierarchy...... 11 2.3 Definitions...... 13 2.4 Display of terms and relationships ...... 15 3 LanguaL thesaurus – alphabetical display...... 19 4 LanguaL thesaurus – systematic display ...... 246 4.1 A. Product Type ...... 246 4.2 B. Food Source...... 251 4.3 C. Part of Plant or ...... 285 4.4 E. Physical State, Shape or Form...... 288 4.5 F. Extent of Heat Treatment ...... 289 4.6 G. Cooking Method ...... 289 4.7 H. Treatment Applied ...... 290 4.8 J. Preservation Method ...... 300 4.9 K. Packing Medium ...... 302 4.10 M. Container or Wrapping...... 303 4.11 N. Food Contact Surface...... 308 4.12 P. Consumer Group/Dietary Use/Label Claim...... 309 4.13 R. Geographic Places and Regions...... 312 4.14 Z. Adjunct Characteristics of Food...... 318

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 7

1 WHAT IS LANGUAL? LanguaL stands for "Langua aLimentaria” or “language of food". It is an automated method for describing, capturing and retrieving data about food. The work on LanguaL was started in the late 1970’s by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an ongoing co-operative effort of specialists in food technology, information science and nutrition. The original name of the thesaurus was Factored Food Vocabulary (FFV).1 Since then, LanguaL has been developed in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), and, more recently, its European partners, notably in France, Denmark, Switzerland and Hungary. Since 1996, the European LanguaL Technical Committee has administered the thesaurus. The thesaurus provides a standardised language for describing foods, specifically for classifying food products for information retrieval.2 LanguaL is based on the concept that: • Any food (or food product) can be systematically described by a combination of characteris- tics • These characteristics can be categorised into viewpoints and coded for computer processing • The resulting viewpoint/characteristic codes can be used to retrieve data about the food from external databases.3 As constructed, LanguaL is a multilingual thesaural system using facetted classification. Each food is described by a set of standard, controlled terms chosen from facets characteristic of the nutritional and/or hygienic quality of a food, as for example the biological origin, the methods of cooking and conservation, and technological treatments. One problem concerning multilingual thesauri is the multiplicity of natural languages: corre- sponding terms of different languages are not always semantically equivalent. A first approach would be to limit the terms of different languages in which the descriptors are provided. Another is to render it language-independent. This approach was chosen by the LanguaL thesaurus, which is used in the USA and Europe for numeric data banks on food composition (nutrients and contaminants), food consumption and legislation. Each descriptor is identified by a unique code pointing to equivalent terms in different languages (e.g. English, French, Danish and Hungar- ian). This paper will describe the LanguaL thesaurus in some detail. It will then present an in-depth example of how LanguaL can be applied and give general rules for indexing. Finally, it will re- view the individual facets of the LanguaL thesaurus.

1 McCann, A. et al. FDA’s Factored Food Vocabulary for Food Product Description. Journal of the American Dietetic Associa- tion, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 336 – 341, 1988. 2 Hendricks, T. LanguaL, an Automated Method for Describing, Capturing and Retrieving Data about Food. In Simnopoulos A.P., Butrum RR (eds.): International Food Data Bases and Information Exchange, World. Rev. Nutr. Diet., Basel, Karger, 1992, vol. 68, pp. 94 – 103. 3 FDA/CFSAN. LanguaL User’s Manual, version 1993.

8 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

1.1 INTERNATIONAL USE OF LANGUAL

LanguaL can facilitate direct links to many different food consumption and analytical databases as well as bibliographic files, worldwide. For example, LanguaL has been used to index all 1988 USDA Nation-wide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) foods, foods whose standards are speci- fied by the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and foods in Codex Alimentarius standards. LanguaL has also been used by the National Cancer Institute (US NCI) and the International Agency for Research in Cancer (WHO IARC) 4 in their studies of diet's relationship to cancer incidence. LanguaL is currently being applied by official authorities in Denmark, France, Hun- gary and Switzerland. The international use of LanguaL is best shown in the demonstration database set up on the Lan- guaL web-site (http://food.ethz.ch/langual/). At this web-site, food composition data from Den- mark, France, Hungary and the United States are linked together through a common LanguaL interface. The user interface allows the search of foods available in these nutrient databanks in order to promote data interchange, as well as to provide a useful tool for persons looking for food composition data and publicity for national databanks.

Experts Experts Other organisations (national, international) suggestions, requests International Committee

feedback 1st Final e.g. NORFOODS, approval approval National and CEECFOODS, LAT- Regional INFOODS,... Committees Publication of Publication of translation, testing proposals of expert thesaurus committees

The flexibility and multidisciplinarity of a multifaceted approach allow expertise on food de- scription to be divided up among smaller, ad hoc expert committees. The Working Group on Food Description thus took over the development of the multilingual LanguaL thesaurus in 1996.5 The information flow decided upon is illustrated in the figure above. Although it is not the only food description language, LanguaL is considered the most definitive at the present time. Altogether, over 40,000 food products have been coded in various countries

4 Slimani N et al. (1998) Structure of the standardized computerized 24-hour diet interview used as reference method in the 22 centers participating in the EPIC project. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

5 Ireland-Ripert J. and Møller A. (1996). LanguaL: international organisation. Food Chemistry, v.57 n°1, 155-156. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 9

using this system. Despite its shortcomings, the LanguaL thesaurus remains a good starting point for development of a truly international and flexible faceted thesaurus for food description.

1.2 CONTACTS

A thesaurus is an evolving language, which should reflect scientific and technological evolutions in the field of foods. Suggestions to introduce new concepts or to improve those proposed in this edition are therefore welcome. Eventual suggestions for updates/corrections should be send to the

LanguaL Secretariat: Dr. Jayne Ireland AFSSA / DERNS/ OCA-CIQUAL Agence français de sécurité sanitaire des aliments / French Food Safety Agency 27-31 avenue du Général Leclerc - BP 19 F-94701 Maisons-Alfort cedex , France Fax: +33 1 49 77 38 92 E-mail: [email protected] or the LanguaL homepage URL: http://www.langual.org/

Regional LanguaL contact points in Europe: Denmark Dr. Anders Møller Danish Veterinary and Food Administration Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Section of Food Informatics Mørkhøj Bygade 19 DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark Fax: +45 33 95 11 19 E-mail: [email protected]

10 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

Hungary Dr. Judit Monspart-Sényi University of Horticulture and Food Industry Ménesi út 45 H-1118 Budapest, Hungary Fax: +36-1-1667435 E-mail: [email protected]

Switzerland Mr. Florian Schlotke Institute of Scientific Computing ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland Fax: +41-1-262 1172 E-mail: [email protected] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 11

2 THE MULTILINGUAL LANGUAL THESAURUS

2.1 THESAURUS STRUCTURE

A thesaurus is a structured, normalised and dynamic vocabulary destined to cover terminology of a field of specific knowledge. It is used for indexing and retrieving information in a natural language in a system of controlled terms. English is the dominant language used in the LanguaL thesaurus. Spelling was originally US English. Later updates include British English, as these updates were based on European legisla- tion. Other languages (secondary languages) include Danish, French, and Hungarian; the trans- lations have been prepared by the corresponding national centres. The thesaurus has, moreover, been partially translated into Czech, Spanish (and Catalan) and Flemish. These translations are available from the national centres. Contrary to some multilingual thesauri, LanguaL does not make use of an exchange language. Instead, interchange of food description information is based on the use of descriptor codes. Terms in the thesaurus are generally expressed as singulars or plurals in accordance with the conventions recognised separately in each of the languages, especially when these are subject to national standards. For example, English indexers select the plural or the singular according to rules associated with the kind of concept represented by the term (count nouns or non-count nouns). In French, singular forms, similar to those found in dictionaries, are generally preferred.

2.2 HIERARCHY

Equally as important as the identification of meaningful characteristics is the arrangement of facet terms in a hierarchic structure so that information can be retrieved at varying levels of specificity. In a particular search, one might be interested in all products with peanut as the food source. In another, one might need products with any nut as the food source. Alternatively, one might search specifically for *VITAMIN A ADDED*, more broadly for *VITAMIN ADDED*, or, still more broadly, for *NUTRIENT OR DIETARY SUBSTANCE ADDED*. These are all examples of hierarchical relationships among facet terms. Hierarchical relationships are extremely important for searching. Hierarchy is also a useful tool for displaying the thesaurus in a logical way so that both searcher and indexer can easily com- prehend it. Finally, it underlies the aggregation of numerical values when the food vocabulary is used in compiling data.

12 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

For these reasons, all of the facets were fully structured. Care was taken to include all useful hi- erarchical relationships. Some concepts can belong, on logical grounds, to more than one cate- gory at the same time; they are then said to possess poly-hierarchical relationships. Corresponding to its many uses, for instance, *FIELD CORN* appears under several broader terms: • under *SUGAR-PRODUCING PLANT* • under *STARCH-PRODUCING PLANT* • under *OIL-PRODUCING PLANT* • and under *GRAIN*

PLANT USED AS FOOD SOURCE

SUGAR-PRODUCING PLANT STARCH-PRODUCING PLANT OIL-PRODUCING PLANT GRAIN

FIELD CORN

In this example, the term “FIELD CORN” is assigned to subordinate positions based on it ge- neric relationship to four broader terms. In other cases, poly-hierarchical links may be based upon whole-part relationships. Example: GRAPEFRUIT ORANGE

GRAPEFRUIT AND ORANGE

In some cases, poly-hierarchical links can be based upon logically different relationships. Example: ATLANTIC ISLAND SCANDINAVIA

FAROE ISLANDS

Broad terms can be used to describe very general groups of food products, such as vegetables. Such a general description can be made more specific by using narrower terms and/or adding terms from other facets (e.g. *FROZEN*). The hierarchical relationships are complemented by additional cross references among facet terms, e.g., *PROTEIN-PRODUCING PLANT* • Narrower term *ALFALFA* • Narrower term *SOYBEAN* • Narrower term *FIELD CORN* • Narrower term *SESAME* This indicates that any search for plant protein sources should employ *ALFALFA*, *SOYBEAN*, *FIELD CORN* and *SESAME*. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 13

2.3 DEFINITIONS

This document follows definitions and conventions given in the International Standards concern- ing the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri6 and of multilingual thesauri 7. In accordance with these standards, the LanguaL thesaurus definitions have been expanded to include additional information. The following definitions from the standards are used: Indexing language: a controlled set of terms selected from natural language and used to repre- sent, in summary form, the systematic description of foods. Thesaurus: the vocabulary of a controlled indexing language formally organised so that the a priori relationships between concepts (for example as “broader” and “narrower”) are made ex- plicit. Indexing term: the representation of a concept, preferably in the form of a noun or a phrase. Preferred term: a term used consistently when indexing to present a given concept, also re- ferred to as the descriptor. Non-preferred term: the or quasi-synonym of a preferred term. A non-preferred term is not assigned to documents, but is provided as an entry point in a thesaurus or alphabetical in- dex, the user being directed by an instruction (for example USE or SEE) to the appropriate pre- ferred term; also referred to as non-descriptor. Precombined terms: The thesaurus has been further clarified by including Precombined terms (PCT's), which are food product names to which facet terms have been assigned. These are not to be used for indexing, but are included for either of these reasons: (1) The Precombined term explains or illustrates the use of the facet terms, e.g., corned beef hash as an example of a food whose physical state is *SEMISOLID WITH SOLID PIECES*. (2) For some foods, it is difficult for an indexer to select the proper combination of facet terms. For example, it might be obvious that the food product "Rhine " should be described as a *LIGHT WINE, 7-14% ALCOHOL*, but the indexer might not realise that *ALCOHOL FERMENTED* should be used in facet H (Treatment Applied) to de- scribe the fermentation. Precombined terms are always indexed with descriptors from facets A (Product Type), B (Food Source), C (Part of Plant or Animal) and E (Physical State, Shape or Form). Additional descrip- tors from other facets are assigned as needed to index the product information. Precombined terms are given in the LanguaL Users’ Manual, edition 29 September 1993, but are not included in this version of LanguaL.

The following abbreviations, in accordance with the International Standards, are printed as pre- fixes to terms etc. Each abbreviation indicates the relationship or function of the term or node that follows:

6 International Standard ISO 2788 (1986). Documentation – Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri 7 International Standard ISO 5964 (1985). Documentation – Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri

14 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT Broader term. The term that follows the symbol represents a concept having a wider meaning. NT Narrower Term The term that follows the symbol refers to a concept with a more specific meaning. RT Related Term The term that follows the symbol is associated, but it is not a synonym, a quasi-synonym, a broader term or a narrower term. USE Use The term that follows the symbol is the preferred term when a choice between synonyms and quasi-synonyms exists. UF Use For The term that follows the symbol is a non-preferred term or synonym. SN Scope Note A note attached to a term to indicate its meaning within an indexing language. It is not intended to be a dictionary definition, but it serves instead to indicate the use of a term. The language of the food field is not always precise. Moreover, a faceted thesaurus con- tains many terms that require definition. Scope notes are therefore provided for many de- scriptors in order to achieve consistency in indexing and searching and, perhaps more importantly, to achieve the purpose of a common language for the description of foods. AI Additional Information In addition to indexing information handled by the scope notes, the LanguaL thesaurus also includes a special property named Additional Information (AI), to be used for fur- ther description of more lexical or encyclopaedic nature (list of many different proper- ties). FTC Facet Term Code This symbol is followed by the unique identifier for each descriptor in the LanguaL the- saurus. The identifier, the facet term code, consists of one character identifying the facet followed by a four digit number.

In interchange of food description data, the use of facet codes using only the characters A to Z and digits solves the problem of special character sets. Using the facet term code in food de- scription data interchange also avoids translation of descriptions.

The following conventions are used throughout the LanguaL thesaurus. a) Preferred terms are printed in upper case. Examples: BEVERAGE CONFECTIONERY b) Non-preferred terms are printed in lower case except when the non-preferred term is a proper name requiring an upper case initial, or an abbreviation or acronym which should be printed throughout in upper case.

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 15

Examples:

BEVERAGE UF drink BREAM UF abramis brama DENMARK UF DK

2.4 DISPLAY OF TERMS AND RELATIONSHIPS

Terms and their interrelationships of the LanguaL thesaurus are displayed in a variety of formats to meet different user needs: (a) alphabetical display, with scope notes and indications of inter-term relationships (origi- nally by FDA called the THESAURUS ENTRY REPORT or VOCABULARY ENTRY REPORT); (b) systematic display, supported by an alphabetical index and a code index (originally by FDA called the THESAURUS HIERARCHIC REPORT or HIERARCHIC TREE RE- PORT).

2.4.1 ALPHABETICAL DISPLAY

In this form of thesaurus display, all indexing terms, whether preferred or non-preferred, are or- ganised as a single alphabetical sequence. Broader, narrower and related terms and scope notes may also be included. When ancillary information is appended to preferred terms, it should be listed in the following order: 1. FTC references to the facet term codes representative of the terms 2. BT references to broader terms 3. NT references to narrower terms 4. RT references to related terms 5. UF references to non-preferred terms 6. SN scope note 7. AI additional information about the terms

In the LanguaL thesaurus alphabetical display, only one level above (BT) and one level below (NT) are given. The complete hierarchical relationships between terms are given in the system- atic display (see below). Non-preferred terms are usually accompanied only by references (for example USE) to their preferred equivalents.

16 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

Example of alphabetical display:

ABALONE FTC: B1408 BT : ARCHAEOGASTROPOD (B1002) NT : BLACKFOOT (B2681) UF : haloitis abramis brama UT : BREAM ACIDIFIED FTC: H0200 BT : FLAVORING OR TASTE INGREDIENT ADDED (H0117) UF : pickled by acidification SN : Used when acid is added to a food product at any level.

2.4.2 SYSTEMATIC DISPLAY

The systematic display shows the logical, hierarchical structure of the thesaurus; it consists of two parts: • Categories or hierarchies of terms arranged according to their meanings and logical interre- lationships. • An alphabetical index which directs the user to the appropriate part(s) of the systematic sec- tion. The ISO standards explain the link between these two sections to be a system of addresses. An address code is assigned to each of the preferred terms in the systematic section and this code functions as a reference in the alphabetical index. In LanguaL, these addresses are the facet term codes. The systematic display allows the indexer or retriever to select the most specific term that can be assigned on the basis of the information at hand. It is frequently regarded as the main part of the thesaurus, i.e. the part that carries the most of the definitional and relational information, in which case the alphabetical index assumes the role of a complementary, but secondary, compo- nent. Example of systematic display:

G. COOKING METHOD (G0002) COOKED BY MOIST HEAT (G0012) COOKED IN STEAM (G0021) STEAMED WITH PRESSURE (G0022) STEAMED WITHOUT PRESSURE (G0023) COOKED IN WATER OR WATER-BASED LIQUID (G0013) BOILED (G0014) BOILED AND DRAINED (G0015) BOILED IN LARGE AMOUNT OF LIQUID (G0016) BOILED IN SMALL AMOUNT OF LIQUID (G0017) BOILED AND UNDRAINED (G0018) BRAISED (G0019) SIMMERED, POACHED OR STEWED (G0020) STEEPED (G0036)

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 17

Example of alphabetical index of terms:

B1408 ABALONE B1645 ABALONE MUSHROOM B1241 abelmoschus esculenthus B1763 abramis brama B1327 ACACIA B1241 acacia insuavis B1762 acanthistius brasilianus B1630 acanthocybium solanderi B2303 acanthuridae B1360 ACEROLA H0300 ACETIC ACID FERMENTED H0200 ACIDIFIED

Example of alpha-numerical index of codes:

A0105 DRESSING, CONDIMENT, GRAVY OR SAUCE A0106 PREPARED GRAIN OR STARCH PRODUCT A0107 BAKERY PRODUCT, UNSWEETENED A0108 PASTRY SHELL, UNSWEETENED A0109 PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE SPREAD A0110 PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE A0111 PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE FOOD A0112 NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE A0113 SPICE OR HERB A0114 FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT A0115 CHEESE OR CHEESE PRODUCT

18 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 19

3 LANGUAL THESAURUS – ALPHABETICAL DISPLAY

"FREE" LABEL CLAIM comparable product and a USE: AVOCADO [B1470] FTC: P0129 minimum reduction of more BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] than 40 calories per serving. abramis brama UF: free, label claim Any other use of 'light' must USE: BREAM [B1763] SN: Considerations include specify whether it refers to the amounts that are 'nutritionally look, taste or smell; for exam- ACACIA () trivial' and amounts that can ple, 'light in color'. (U.S. pro- FTC: B1327 be declared as zero on the posed) BT: HEMICELLULOSE- nutrition label. An additional PRODUCING PLANT criterion based on amount per "MORE" LABEL CLAIM [B1014] weight (e.g., per 100 grams) FTC: P0133 is not considered necessary BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] ACACIA GUM (GUM ARABIC) because the amount of nutri- UF: more, label claim FTC: B2975 ent in a 'free' food is so low SN: Used in label comparison BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- that even frequent and re- statement when a food con- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX peated consumption is un- tains at least 10% more of the ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] likely to have physiological daily nutritional value per UF: E 414 consequences. (U.S. pro- amount customarily con- UF: INS 414 posed) sumed. ACACIA GUM (GUM ARABIC) "FRESH FROZEN" LABEL CLAIM "SOURCE OF" LABEL CLAIM ADDED FTC: P0178 FTC: P0134 FTC: H0400 BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: fresh frozen, label claim UF: “contains” label claim EUROPEAN COMMU- SN: The food was quickly frozen UF: contains, label claim NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- while still fresh. UF: “good source of” label claim TARIUS [H0399] UF: good source of, label claim UF: E 414 added "FRESH" LABEL CLAIM UF: “provides” label claim UF: INS 414 added FTC: P0120 UF: provides, label claim BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] UF: source of, label claim acacia insuavis UF: fresh, label claim SN: The amount customarily con- USE: CHA OM [B2455] SN: A raw food that has not been sumed contains 10% to 19% frozen, heat processed or oth- of the daily nutritional value. acanthocybium solandri erwise preserved. May be used on meals or USE: WAHOO [B1630] main dishes to indicate that "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM product contains a food that acanthuridae FTC: P0130 meets the definition. USE: SURGEONFISH FAMILY BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] [B2303] UF: excellent source of label claim (PERCENT) FAT FREE CLAIM OR UF: excellent source of label claim USE acca sellowiana UF: high, label claim FTC: P0150 USE: PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] UF: rich in label claim BT: LOW FAT FOOD [P0039] UF: rich in label claim UF: percent fat free claim or use ACEROLA SN: An amount customarily con- SN: Used only in describing foods FTC: B1360 sumed contains 20% or more that qualify as low fat. (U.S. BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- of the daily nutritional value to proposed) CAL FRUIT [B1024] describe protein, vitamins, UF: barbados cherry minerals, dietary fiber, or po- A. PRODUCT TYPE UF: malpighia glabra tassium. May be used on FTC: A0361 UF: malpighia marginata meals or main dishes to indi- SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- UF: west indian cherry cate that product contains a SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT food that meets the definition. USE descriptor in indexing. ACESULFAME K Use more precise narrower FTC: B2976 "LESS" LABEL CLAIM term. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: P0131 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] ABALONE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: less, label claim FTC: B1408 UF: E 950 SN: Used on label comparison BT: ARCHAEOGASTROPOD UF: INS 950 statements to describe foods [B1002] having 25% or greater reduc- UF: haliotis spp. ACESULFAME K ADDED tions in a nutrient. (U.S. pro- FTC: H0401 posed) ABALONE MUSHROOM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1645 EUROPEAN COMMU- "LIGHT" LABEL CLAIM BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: P0132 TARIUS [H0399] BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] abelmoschus esculentus UF: E 950 added UF: light, label claim USE: OKRA [B1241] UF: INS 950 added SN: Used for foods that have 33.3% fewer calories than a abogado ACETATE CELLULOSE FILM

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FTC: M0323 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: CELLULOSE FILM [M0322] EUROPEAN COMMU- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ACETIC ACID TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B2977 UF: E 1414 added ACIDITY REGULATOR BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 1414 added FTC: A0326 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ACETYLATED STARCH CATION, EUROPEAN UF: E 260 FTC: B2981 COMMUNITY [A0324] UF: INS 260 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- AI: Substance that alters or con- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX trols the acidity or alkalinity of ACETIC ACID ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] a foodstuff. European Council FTC: H0402 UF: E 1420 Directive 95/2/EC. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 1420 EUROPEAN COMMU- acipenser medirostris NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ACETYLATED STARCH ADDED USE: GREEN STURGEON [B1972] TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0406 UF: E 260 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, acipenser spp. UF: INS 260 added EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: STURGEON [B1465] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- TARIUS [H0399] acipenser transmontanus AND DIGLYCERIDES OF UF: E 1420 added USE: WHITE STURGEON [B1973] FATTY ACIDS UF: INS 1420 added FTC: B2978 acipenseridae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- achras sapota USE: STURGEON FAMILY PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SAPODILLA [B1693] [B1897] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 472a ACID ackee UF: INS 472a FTC: A0325 USE: AKEE [B1690] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- CATION, EUROPEAN ACORN AND DIGLYCERIDES OF COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: B1715 FATTY ACIDS ADDED AI: Substance that increases the BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT FTC: H0403 acidity of a food stuff and/or [B1062] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, imparts to a sour taste to it. EUROPEAN COMMU- European Council Directive ACORN SQUASH NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- 95/2/EC. FTC: B2064 TARIUS [H0399] BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] UF: E 472a added ACID UF: cucurbita pepo var. pepo UF: INS 472a added FTC: A0362 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, ACRYL-NITRILE CONTAINER ACETIC ACID FERMENTED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FTC: M0360 FTC: H0300 [A0351] BT: POLYAMIDE CONTAINER BT: CARBOHYDRATE FER- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [M0359] MENTED [H0256] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome UF: acrylonitrile container 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE acrylonitrile container FTC: B2979 ACID REDUCED USE: ACRYL-NITRILE CONTAI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0393 NER [M0360] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: COMPONENT REMOVED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [H0238] actinidia chinensis UF: E 1422 SN: Used when a juice, typically USE: KIWIFRUIT [B1664] UF: INS 1422 orange, has undergone a pro- cess specified in 21 CFR actinidia sinensis ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE 146.148 to reduce the adicity USE: KIWIFRUIT [B1664] ADDED of the food. FTC: H0404 ACTINOMYCETALES USED AS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ACIDIFIED FOOD SOURCE EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0200 FTC: B2849 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE BT: BACTERIA [B2846] TARIUS [H0399] INGREDIENT ADDED SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., UF: E 1422 added [H0117] 1992, v. I & II, p.198 etc. UF: INS 1422 added UF: pickled by acidification SN: Used when acid is added to adansonia digitata ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOS- a food product at any level. USE: BAOBAB [B2759] PHATE FTC: B2980 ACIDIFIER adansonia somalensis BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: A0322 USE: BAOBAB [B2759] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] adansonia sphaerocarpa UF: E 1414 ACIDIFIER USE: BAOBAB [B2759] UF: INS 1414 FTC: A0363 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, adansonia sulcata ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOS- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: BAOBAB [B2759] PHATE ADDED [A0351] FTC: H0405 ADHESIVE FTC: M0221 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 21

BT: SEALING/CLOSING ELE- ture. Examples are marsh- UF: west africa MENT [M0220] mallow and nougat. SN: Foods found in this section include those common to all ADIPIC ACID afars issas west african countries. These FTC: B2982 USE: DJIBOUTI [DJ] countries include Benin, Burk- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ina Faso, Cameroon, Côte PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX AFGHANISTAN d'Ivoire, Eqatorial Guinea, ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: AF Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, UF: E 355 BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Libe- UF: INS 355 ria, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, AFRAMOMUM Sao Tome and Principe, ADIPIC ACID ADDED FTC: B2760 Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo FTC: H0407 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- and Western Sahara. See BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PRODUCING PLANT these individual country list- EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1179] ings for additional food NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: aframomum alboviolaceum names. TARIUS [H0399] UF: aframomum angustifolium UF: E 355 added UF: aframomum giganteum AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING UF: INS 355 added UF: aframomum latifolium AREA UF: aframomum spp. FTC: AA01 ADJUNCT CHARACTERISTICS OF UF: aframomum stipulatum BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] MEAT, POULTRY OR FTC: Z0049 aframomum alboviolaceum AFRICAN EBONY BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] FTC: B2818 ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- aframomum angustifolium CAL FRUIT [B1024] ADZUKI BEAN USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] UF: diospyros bicolor FTC: B1110 UF: diospyros mespiliformis BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) aframomum giganteum UF: diospyros senegalensis [B1567] USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] UF: jackal berry UF: phaseolus angularis UF: monkey guava aframomum latifolium UF: nigerian ebony aequipecten gibbus USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] UF: swamp ebony USE: CALICO [B1945] aframomum spp. AFRICAN FAN PALM AERATED USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] FTC: B2799 FTC: H0178 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY aframomum stipulatum CAL FRUIT [B1024] MODIFIED [H0130] USE: AFRAMOMUM [B2760] UF: borassus aethiopum SN: Used for products with which UF: borassus flabellifer var. a substantial amount of air AFRICA aethiopum has been mixed through me- FTC: QM chanical action. Do not use BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES AFRICAN HORNED CUCUMBER when air was introduced pri- AND REGIONS [QX] FTC: B2842 marily through chemical ac- BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- tion or through fermentation. AFRICA, CENTRAL BLE [B1006] FTC: QM01 UF: cucumis metuliferus AERATED BY CREAMING BT: AFRICA [QM] FTC: H0359 UF: central africa AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN BT: AERATED [H0178] FTC: B2926 UF: creamed AFRICA, EASTERN BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SN: Used when a solid fat (butter, FTC: QM02 CAL FRUIT [B1024] margarine, shortening) is aer- BT: AFRICA [QM] UF: nere ated to a creamy appearance, UF: east africa UF: parkia filicoidea often with the addition of sugar. AFRICA, NORTHERN AFRICAN LUNGFISH FAMILY FTC: QM03 FTC: B1993 AERATED BY WHIPPING BT: AFRICA [QM] BT: FISH, LEPIDOSIRENIFORM FTC: H0358 UF: north africa [B1994] BT: AERATED [H0178] SN: Foods found in this section UF: protopteridae UF: beaten include those common to all UF: whipped north african countries. AFRICAN MANGO SN: Used when foods or liquids These countries include alge- FTC: B2806 (or a combination) are aer- ria, djibouti, egypt, ethiopia, BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ated by vigorously mixing libya, morocco and tunisia. CAL FRUIT [B1024] them using a whip, whisk, See these individual country UF: irvingia gabonensis spoon, spatula, rotary beater listings for additional food or electric mixer. names. african marigold USE: AZTEC MARIGOLD [B2339] AERATED CONFECTIONERY AFRICA, SOUTHERN FTC: A0141 FTC: QM04 AFRICAN MIDFISH BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] BT: AFRICA [QM] FTC: B2317 UF: confectionery, aerated UF: southern africa BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] SN: Confectionery into which a substantial amount of air has AFRICA, WESTERN AFRICAN PEACH been incorporated to produce FTC: QM05 FTC: B2784 a sponge-like or chewy tex- BT: AFRICA [QM]

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BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] agialida tombuctensis ALASKA UF: nauclea latifolia USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] FTC: US02 UF: sarcocephalus BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] UF: sarcocephalus esculentus agnatha UF: sarcocephalus latifolius USE: FISH, JAWLESS [B1164] ALASKA PEA FTC: B1326 AFRICAN POMPANO agonostomus spp. BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- FTC: B2147 USE: MULLET [B1287] VARS [B1001] BT: POMPANO [B1475] UF: early june pea UF: alectis ciliaris AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION UF: pea, smooth skin cultivars UF: threadfish ENVIRONMENT FTC: Z0152 alaska pollock AGAR BT: PRODUCTION ENVIRON- USE: WALLEYE POLLOCK FTC: B1033 MENT [Z0206] [B1843] BT: HEMICELLULOSE- SN: Descriptor is for CLASSIFI- PRODUCING PLANT CATION ONLY; DO NOT ALBACORE [B1014] USE descriptor in indexing. FTC: B1506 UF: agar-agar Use a more precise narrower BT: TUNA [B1269] term. UF: thunnus alalunga AGAR UF: thunnus germo FTC: B2983 agrimonia eupatoria BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: COCKLEBUR [B2055] ALBANIA PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: AL ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] agrimony BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] UF: E 406 USE: COCKLEBUR [B2055] UF: INS 406 ALBERTA agropyron spicatum FTC: CA01 AGAR ADDED USE: WHEATGRASS [B2362] BT: CANADA [CA] FTC: H0384 BT: SEAWEED EXTRACT aguacate alces alces ADDED [H0383] USE: AVOCADO [B1470] USE: MOOSE [B1257] SN: Used when agar is added to a food at any level. ahi ALCOHOL USE: BIGEYE TUNA [B1069] FTC: B3324 AGAR ADDED BT: LIQUID AS FOOD SOURCE FTC: H0408 AIR BLADDER [B2974] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: C0284 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER ALCOHOL ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SYSTEMS [C0255] FTC: H0332 TARIUS [H0399] UF: fish maw BT: CARBOHYDRATE OR RE- UF: E 406 added UF: swim bladder LATED COMPOUND ADDED UF: INS 406 added [H0301] aiwain agar-agar USE: AJOWAN [B2515] ALCOHOL CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: AGAR [B1033] FTC: Z0165 ajawain BT: FOOD CONTENT RANGE agaricus campestris USE: AJOWAN [B2515] (EUROPE) [Z0176] USE: MEADOW MUSHROOM [B2023] AJOWAN ALCOHOL CONTENT < 1% FTC: B2515 FTC: Z0169 agati grandiflora BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- USE: SESBANIA [B1736] PRODUCING PLANT ROPE) [Z0165] [B1179] AGAVE UF: aiwain ALCOHOL CONTENT < 9% FTC: B1535 UF: ajawain FTC: Z0171 BT: CARBOHYDRATE- UF: ajwan BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- PRODUCING PLANT UF: carum copticum ROPE) [Z0165] [B1048] UF: trachyspermum copticum ALCOHOL CONTENT > 5% agave americana ajwan FTC: Z0166 USE: CENTURY PLANT [B2002] USE: AJOWAN [B2515] BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- ROPE) [Z0165] agave atrovirens AKEE USE: CENTURY PLANT [B2002] FTC: B1690 ALCOHOL CONTENT > 9% BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: Z0170 aged CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- USE: CURED OR AGED [H0253] UF: ackee ROPE) [Z0165] UF: blighia sapida agglomerated ALCOHOL CONTENT 1-3% USE: INSTANTIZED [H0169] akule FTC: Z0168 USE: BIGEYE SCAD [B2660] BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- agialida barteri ROPE) [Z0165] USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] ALABAMA FTC: US01 ALCOHOL CONTENT 3.1-5% agialida senegalensis BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES FTC: Z0167 USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] [US63] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 23

BT: ALCOHOL CONTENT (EU- distilled spirits, malt bever- , BLUE-GREEN ROPE) [Z0165] age, and wine. FTC: B1746 BT: ALGAE [B1301] ALCOHOL FERMENTED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ANALOG UF: cyanophyta FTC: H0232 FTC: A0295 BT: CARBOHYDRATE FER- BT: NONALCOHOLIC BEVER- ALGAE, BROWN MENTED [H0256] AGE [A0112] FTC: B2395 SN: Used for beverages marketed BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR ALCOHOL FREE CLAIM OR USE to resemble beer, wine or FUNGUS USED AS FOOD FTC: P0176 other alcoholic beverages but SOURCE [B1215] BT: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR containing less than 0.5% al- UF: brown algae CONSTITUENT-RELATED cohol by volume. Excludes UF: phaeophyta CLAIM OR USE [P0115] unfermented fruit juices even if carbonated, for example, ALGAE, GREEN ALCOHOL FULLY REMOVED sparkling cider. FTC: B2502 FTC: H0286 BT: ALGAE [B1301] BT: ALCOHOL REMOVED aldrichetta forsteri UF: chlorophyta [H0285] USE: YELLOWEYE MULLET SN: Used for products from which [B2896] ALGAE, RED alcohol has been removed to FTC: B1743 less than 0.5% alcohol by vol- alectis ciliaris BT: ALGAE [B1301] ume. USE: AFRICAN POMPANO [B2147] ALGERIA alcohol or neutral spirits FTC: DZ USE: NEUTRAL DISTILLED SPIR- alectryon subcinereus BT: AFRICA, NORTHERN ITS [A0120] USE: RAMBUTAN [B1629] [QM03]

ALCOHOL PARTIALLY REMOVED alepocephalidae family ALGINATE ADDED FTC: H0287 USE: SLICKHEAD FAMILY FTC: H0385 BT: ALCOHOL REMOVED [B2909] BT: SEAWEED EXTRACT [H0285] ADDED [H0383] SN: Used for products from which alepocephalus australis SN: Food dictionary--Used when alcohol has been removed to USE: SMALL SCALED BROWN alginate is added to a food at 0.5% or more alcohol by vol- SLICKHEAD [B2908] any level. ume. alepocephalus spp. ALGINIC ACID ALCOHOL REMOVED USE: LARGE SCALED BROWN FTC: B2984 FTC: H0285 SLICKHEAD [B2907] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: COMPONENT REMOVED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [H0238] ALEWIFE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Used for products from which FTC: B1402 UF: E 400 alcohol has been removed. BT: SHAD [B1348] UF: INS 400 UF: alosa pseudoharengus ALCOHOL-ACETIC ACID FER- UF: pomolobus pseudoharengus ALGINIC ACID ADDED MENTED UF: river herring FTC: H0409 FTC: H0123 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: CARBOHYDRATE FER- ALFALFA EUROPEAN COMMU- MENTED [H0256] FTC: B1359 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: PROTEIN-PRODUCING TARIUS [H0399] ALCOHOLATED PLANT [B1049] UF: E 400 added FTC: H0160 UF: lucerne UF: INS 400 added BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE UF: medicago sativa INGREDIENT ADDED ALIMENT DE DISETTE [H0117] ALFONSINO FTC: P0182 UF: brandied FTC: B2883 BT: OTHER SPECIAL CLAIM OR SN: Used when alcohol is added BT: ALFONSINO FAMILY USE [P0159] for flavor or taste, for exam- [B2884] UF: starvation food ple, brandied peaches or UF: trachichthodes affinis SN: Wild or semiwild foods con- cold-pack cheese food with sumed only during periods of port wine. ALFONSINO FAMILY famine when no other food is FTC: B2884 available. ALCOHOLATED BT: FISH, BERYCIFORM [B1983] FTC: H0160 UF: berycidae ALKALI BT: ALCOHOL ADDED [H0332] FTC: A0364 UF: brandied ALGAE BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, SN: Used when alcohol is added FTC: B1301 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS for flavor or taste, for exam- BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR [A0351] ple, brandied peaches or FUNGUS USED AS FOOD AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- cold-pack cheese food with SOURCE [B1215] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome port wine. SN: Unicellular and multicellular 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 algae. ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE alkalinized FTC: A0278 ALGAE, BACTERIA OR FUNGUS USE: ALKALIZED [H0206] BT: BEVERAGE [A0229] USED AS FOOD SOURCE SN: Beverage containing more FTC: B1215 ALKALIZED than 0.5% alcohol; includes BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] FTC: H0206

24 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- MODIFIED [H0130] PRODUCING PLANT PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: alkalinized [B1179] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: dutch processed UF: jamaica pepper UF: E 307 SN: Treated with a solution of UF: pimenta UF: INS 307 alkali (primarily potassium or UF: pimenta officinalis sodium carbonate). In cacao, ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED alkalization neutralizes acids ALLURA RED AC FTC: H0411 and leads to changes in flavor FTC: B2985 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, and color. In fats and oils, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- treatment with alkali leads to PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- saponification of free fatty ac- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] ids; soap and alkali are then UF: E 129 UF: E 307 added removed. UF: INS 129 UF: INS 307 added

ALKALOID OR PURINE REMOVED ALLURA RED AC ADDED alpinia galanga FTC: H0135 FTC: H0410 USE: GREATER GALANGAL BT: COMPONENT REMOVED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B2601] [H0238] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: dealkaloidized NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- alta fescue UF: purine removed TARIUS [H0399] USE: REED FESCUE [B2338] UF: E 129 added ALKYD RESIN CONTAINER UF: INS 129 added altamisa FTC: M0383 USE: FEVERFEW [B2054] BT: THERMOSETTING POLY- ALMOND MER CONTAINER [M0382] FTC: B1272 ALUMINIUM BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT FTC: B2987 all natural claim or use [B1062] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: NO ARTIFICIAL INGREDI- UF: amygdalus PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ENTS CLAIM OR USE UF: prunus communis ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [P0107] UF: prunus dulcis UF: E 173 UF: INS 173 all natural flavors claim or use ALMOND, BITTER USE: NO ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS FTC: B2721 ALUMINIUM ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0100] BT: ALMOND [B1272] FTC: H0412 UF: bitter almond BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ALLIGATOR UF: prunus dulcis var. amara EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B2440 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: REPTILE [B1625] ALMOND, SWEET TARIUS [H0399] UF: alligator spp. FTC: B2720 UF: E 173 added BT: ALMOND [B1272] UF: INS 173 added alligator spp. UF: prunus amygdalus var. dulcis USE: ALLIGATOR [B2440] UF: prunus dulcis var. dulcis ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SUL- PHATE allium ampeloprasum var. porrum ALOE FTC: B2988 USE: LEEK [B1308] FTC: B2348 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX allium cepa PLANT [B1012] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: ONION [B1300] UF: aloe barbadensis UF: E 523 UF: INS 523 allium cepa var. aggregatum aloe barbadensis USE: SHALLOT [B1538] USE: ALOE [B2348] ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SUL- PHATE ADDED allium fistulosum alosa aestivalis FTC: H0413 USE: WELSH ONION [B2418] USE: BLUEBACK HERRING BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1852] EUROPEAN COMMU- allium sativum NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: GARLIC [B1233] alosa pseudoharengus TARIUS [H0399] USE: ALEWIFE [B1402] UF: E 523 added allium schoenoprasum UF: INS 523 added USE: CHIVE [B1294] alosa sapidissima USE: AMERICAN SHAD [B1147] ALUMINIUM BOX, PLASTIC- allium tuberosum COATED USE: CHINESE CHIVE [B2419] alosa spp. FTC: M0288 USE: SHAD [B1348] BT: ALUMINUM BOX [M0287] allmouth USE: MONKFISH [B2401] ALOYAU ALUMINIUM BOX, VARNISHED FTC: Z0141 FTC: M0289 allocyttus niger BT: QUARTIER ARRIERE BT: ALUMINUM BOX [M0287] USE: BLACK OREO DORY [Z0135] [B2578] SN: This corresponds approxi- ALUMINIUM CAN, DRUM OR BAR- mately to the U.S. cuts of REL, PLASTIC COATED allothunnus fallai meat called 'loin' and 'rib'. FTC: M0291 USE: SLENDER TUNA [B2891] BT: ALUMINUM CAN, DRUM OR ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL BARREL [M0175] ALLSPICE FTC: B2986 FTC: B1356 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 25

ALUMINIUM CAN, DRUM OR BAR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, LAMI- REL, VARNISHED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NATE COVER OR WRAP- FTC: M0292 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PING BT: ALUMINUM CAN, DRUM OR UF: E 520 FTC: M0162 BARREL [M0175] UF: INS 520 BT: ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN [M0165] ALUMINIUM FOIL WRAPPER, ALUMINIUM SULPHATE ADDED COATED FOR HEAT SEAL- FTC: H0417 ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, PAPER ING BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, WRAPPING FTC: M0295 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: M0164 BT: ALUMINUM FOIL WRAPPER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN [M0190] TARIUS [H0399] [M0165] UF: E 520 added ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER WRAP- UF: INS 520 added ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, PLAS- PER TIC COVER OR WRAPPING FTC: M0296 ALUMINUM FTC: M0160 BT: ALUMINUM FOIL WRAPPER FTC: N0042 BT: ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN [M0190] BT: METAL [N0041] [M0165]

ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SUL- ALUMINUM BOX ALUMINUM TUBE PHATE FTC: M0287 FTC: M0168 FTC: B2989 BT: ALUMINUM CONTAINER BT: ALUMINUM CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [M0182] [M0182] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALUMINUM CAN, DRUM OR BAR- ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED UF: E 522 REL WITH CORK UF: INS 522 FTC: M0175 FTC: M0171 BT: ALUMINUM CONTAINER BT: ALUMINUM TUBE [M0168] ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SUL- [M0182] PHATE ADDED ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED FTC: H0414 ALUMINUM COEXTRUDED WITH WITH FOIL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PAPER FTC: M0170 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: M0297 BT: ALUMINUM TUBE [M0168] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER TARIUS [H0399] WRAPPER [M0296] ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED UF: E 522 added WITH LAMINATE UF: INS 522 added ALUMINUM COMBINED WITH PA- FTC: M0169 PER AND PLASTIC BT: ALUMINUM TUBE [M0168] ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) FTC: M0298 FTC: B2990 BT: ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER ALUMINUM TUBE, UNLINED PLAS- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- WRAPPER [M0296] TIC TOP PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: M0139 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALUMINUM COMBINED WITH RE- BT: ALUMINUM TUBE [M0168] UF: E 559 GENERATED CELLULOSE UF: INS 559 FTC: M0299 aluterus monoceros BT: ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER USE: UNICORN FILEFISH [B2186] ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) WRAPPER [M0296] ADDED amanita rubescens FTC: H0415 ALUMINUM CONTAINER USE: BLUSHER MUSHROOM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: M0182 [B2073] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: METAL CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [M0151] AMARANTH TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B2993 UF: E 559 added ALUMINUM FOIL WRAPPER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 559 added FTC: M0190 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: ALUMINUM CONTAINER ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE [M0182] UF: E 123 FTC: B2991 UF: foil, aluminum UF: INS 123 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN AMARANTH (GRAIN) ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: M0165 FTC: B1717 UF: E 521 BT: ALUMINUM CONTAINER BT: GRAIN [B1324] UF: INS 521 [M0182] UF: amaranthus

ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, ALUMI- AMARANTH ADDED ADDED NUM FOIL COVER OR FTC: H0418 FTC: H0416 WRAPPING BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: M0163 EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [M0165] TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 123 added UF: E 521 added ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, CARD- UF: INS 123 added UF: INS 521 added BOARD COVER FTC: M0161 amaranthus ALUMINIUM SULPHATE BT: ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN USE: AMARANTH (GRAIN) FTC: B2992 [M0165] [B1717]

26 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

AMARILLO SNAPPER BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS FTC: H0420 FTC: B1801 [QU] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] UF: samoa, american EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: lutjanus argentiventris NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: snapper, amarillo AMERICAN SAND LANCE TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B2383 UF: E 150c added amazon catfish BT: SAND LANCE FAMILY UF: INS 150c added USE: SOUTH AMERICAN CAT- [B1830] FISH [B2154] UF: ammodytes americanus AMMONIUM ALGINATE FTC: B2996 AMBARELLA AMERICAN SHAD BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1284 FTC: B1147 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: SHAD [B1348] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: alosa sapidissima UF: E 403 UF: golden apple UF: INS 403 UF: otaheite ambarella amia calva UF: spondias cytherea USE: BOWFIN [B2436] AMMONIUM ALGINATE ADDED UF: spondias dulcis FTC: H0421 UF: wi tree AMIDATED PECTIN BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2994 EUROPEAN COMMU- AMBERJACK BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B2642 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TARIUS [H0399] BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 403 added UF: seriola spp. UF: E 440 UF: INS 403 added UF: INS 440 amberjack, greater AMMONIUM CARBONATE USE: GREATER AMBERJACK AMIDATED PECTIN ADDED FTC: B2997 [B2391] FTC: H0419 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ambloplites rupestris EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: ROCK BASS [B1362] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 503 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 503 ameghinomya antigua UF: E 440 added USE: HARD [B2193] UF: INS 440 added AMMONIUM CARBONATE ADDED FTC: H0422 amelanchier amiidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: JUNEBERRY [B1435] USE: BOWFIN FAMILY [B2435] EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- american aloe AMIN RESIN CONTAINER TARIUS [H0399] USE: CENTURY PLANT [B2002] FTC: M0384 UF: E 503 added BT: THERMOSETTING POLY- UF: INS 503 added american buffalo MER CONTAINER [M0382] USE: BISON [B2098] AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CAR- AMINO ACID ADDED BONATE AMERICAN EEL FTC: H0210 FTC: B2998 FTC: B2177 BT: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY SUBSTANCE ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B2545] [H0194] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: anguilla rostrata SN: Used when an individual UF: E 503 amino acid is added at any UF: INS 503 AMERICAN level to improve the nutritional FTC: B1949 quality of a product. AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CAR- BT: CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY BONATE ADDED [B1986] amino undecan acid container FTC: H0423 UF: homarus americanus USE: NYLON 11 CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: northern lobster [M0361] EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- american ammodytes americanus TARIUS [H0399] USE: [B1951] USE: AMERICAN SAND LANCE UF: E 503 added [B2383] UF: INS 503 added AMERICAN PLAICE FTC: B1862 ammodytes spp. AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER USE: SAND LANCE [B1354] FTC: B2999 FAMILY [B1856] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: hippoglossoides platessoides ammodytidae PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: plaice, american USE: SAND LANCE FAMILY ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B1830] UF: E 527 american UF: INS 527 USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] AMMONIA CARAMEL FTC: B2995 AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED AMERICAN RAZOR CLAM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0424 FTC: B2326 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: CLAM [B1331] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: siligna patula UF: E 150c NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 150c TARIUS [H0399] AMERICAN SAMOA UF: E 527 added FTC: AS AMMONIA CARAMEL ADDED UF: INS 527 added LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 27

FTC: M0196 AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- ANGEL FAMILY FTC: B3000 PING BY FORM [M0195] FTC: B1914 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: ampoule BT: FISH, SQUALIFORM [B1911] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: phial UF: squatinidae ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 442 amur carp ANGELFISH UF: INS 442 USE: SILVER CARP [B2254] FTC: B2653 BT: ANGELFISH FAMILY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES amusium japanic [B2652] ADDED USE: JAPANESE SCALLOP FTC: H0425 [B2353] ANGELFISH FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2652 EUROPEAN COMMU- anabantidae BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: GOURAMI FAMILY [B2422] TARIUS [H0399] ANGELICA UF: E 442 added anacardium occidentale FTC: B1377 UF: INS 442 added USE: CASHEW [B1221] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PRODUCING PLANT AMMONIUM SULPHATE ANAHEIM PEPPER [B1179] FTC: B3001 FTC: B2549 UF: angelica archangelica BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: pepper angelica archangelica ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: chili verde pepper USE: ANGELICA [B1377] UF: E 517 UF: pepper, anaheim UF: INS 517 anglerfish ananas comosus USE: MONKFISH [B2401] AMMONIUM SULPHATE ADDED USE: PINEAPPLE [B1484] FTC: H0426 ANGOLA BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, anarhichadidae FTC: AO EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: WOLFFISH FAMILY [B1816] BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [QM04] TARIUS [H0399] anarhichas lupus UF: E 517 added USE: ATLANTIC WOLFFISH ANGOSTURA (TREE) UF: INS 517 added [B1817] FTC: B1188 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- AMNESIC POISONING anarhichas spp. PRODUCING PLANT FTC: ASFP USE: WOLFFISH [B1519] [B1179] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] UF: cusparia trifoliata ANCHO PEPPER UF: galipea officinalis amomum granum-paradisii FTC: B2550 USE: GRAINS OF PARADISE BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] ANGUILLA [B2061] FTC: AI anchoa engraulis BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS amomum melegueta USE: ANCHOVY [B1554] [QO01] USE: GRAINS OF PARADISE [B2061] ANCHOVY anguilla anguilla FTC: B1554 USE: EUROPEAN EEL [B2706] amorphophallus rivieri BT: ANCHOVY FAMILY [B1854] USE: DEVILS TONGUE [B2344] UF: anchoa engraulis anguilla australis UF: engraulis anchoita USE: SHORT-FINNED EEL amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac [B2673] USE: KONJAC [B2637] ANCHOVY FAMILY FTC: B1854 anguilla dieffenbachii amphibia BT: FISH, CLUPEIFORM [B1601] USE: LONG-FINNED EEL [B2672] USE: AMPHIBIAN [B1624] UF: engraulidae anguilla rostrata AMPHIBIAN anchovy, northern USE: AMERICAN EEL [B2177] FTC: B1624 USE: NORTHERN ANCHOVY BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD [B1855] anguillidae SOURCE [B1297] USE: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY UF: amphibia andora [B2545] USE: UNICORN FILEFISH [B2186] amphidesma subtriangulatum ANILINE-FORMALDEHYDE CON- USE: TUA TUA [B2261] ANDORRA TAINER FTC: AD FTC: M0385 amphidesma ventricosum BT: EUROPE, WESTERN BT: AMIN RESIN CONTAINER USE: NEW ZEALAND SURF [QR04] [M0384] CLAM [B2684] anethum ANIMAL BODY OR BODY PART amphidesmatidae USE: DILL [B1277] FTC: C0127 USE: TUA TUA [B2261] BT: PART OF ANIMAL [C0164] ANGEL SHARK SN: Includes carcass meat, organ ampoule FTC: B1138 meat, and nonmeat parts of USE: AMPUL [M0196] BT: ANGEL SHARK FAMILY , as well as the whole [B1914] animal. AMPUL UF: squatinia spp.

28 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

ANIMAL FAT OR OIL ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: hyperoglyphe antarctica FTC: H0262 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] UF: E 160b added ANTARCTIC KRILL SN: Used when an animal fat or UF: INS 160b added FTC: B1954 oil is the second or third in- BT: KRILL [B2844] gredient in order of predomi- annona UF: euphasia superba nance, excluding water. USE: SOURSOP [B1480] UF: euphausia spp. UF: krill, antarctic ANIMAL FAT OR OIL COATED annona cherimola FTC: H0335 USE: CHERIMOYA [B1687] ANTARCTICA BT: FAT OR OIL COATED FTC: AQ [H0233] annona chrysophylla BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES SN: Used when an animal fat or USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE AND REGIONS [QX] oil is sprayed on the product [B2762] or when an animal fat or oil is ANTELOPE among the first three ingredi- annona manii FTC: B1481 ents in order of predominance USE: ANONIDIUM [B2833] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) in a breading or coating. [B1134] annona muricata UF: hippotragus spp. ANIMAL FOOD USE: SOURSOP [B1480] UF: neotragus spp. FTC: P0021 UF: tetracerus spp. BT: CONSUMER GROUP annona porpetac [P0136] USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE ANTHOCYANINS [B2762] FTC: B3003 ANIMAL HAIR CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: M0410 annona reticulata PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: NATURAL TEXTILE CON- USE: CUSTARD APPLE [B1689] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TAINER [M0409] UF: E 163 annona senegalensis UF: INS 163 animal skin USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE USE: SKIN, ANIMAL [C0193] [B2762] ANTHOCYANINS ADDED FTC: H0428 ANIMAL USED AS FOOD SOURCE annona senegalensis var. latifolia BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1297 USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] [B2762] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: Multicellular animal, e.g., fish, TARIUS [H0399] meat animal or poultry. For a annona senegalensis var. porpetac UF: E 163 added unicellular animal, use USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE UF: INS 163 added *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED [B2762] AS FOOD SOURCE*. anthriscus cerefolium annona squamosa USE: CHERVIL [B1444] ANISAKIS INFESTATION USE: SWEETSOP [B1477] FTC: ANIN ANTIBLEACHING AGENT BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] ANONIDIUM FTC: A0365 FTC: B2833 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, ANISE BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FTC: B1296 CAL FRUIT [B1024] [A0351] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: annona manii AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- PRODUCING PLANT UF: anonidium mannii per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome [B1179] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: anise, common anonidium mannii UF: aniseed USE: ANONIDIUM [B2833] ANTIBROWNING AGENT UF: pimpinella anisum FTC: A0366 anoplopoma fimbria BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, anise, common USE: SABLEFISH [B1437] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: ANISE [B1296] [A0351] anopoplomatidae AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- aniseed USE: SABLEFISH FAMILY [B2006] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: ANISE [B1296] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ANOSTRACA SHRIMP FAMILY ANJOU PEAR FTC: B2465 ANTICAKING AGENT FTC: B2081 BT: SHRIMP [B1237] FTC: A0327 BT: PEAR [B1344] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- ANT (INSECT) CATION, EUROPEAN ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN FTC: B2495 COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: B3002 BT: INSECT [B1220] AI: Substance that reduces the BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: formicidae tendency of individual parti- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX cles of a foodstuff to adhere ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL FISH- to one another. European UF: E 160b ING AREA Council Directive 95/2/EC UF: INS 160b FTC: AA08 BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] ANTICAKING AGENT ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN FTC: A0367 ADDED ANTARCTIC CUTLERFISH BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: H0427 FTC: B2671 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: BUTTERFISH FAMILY [A0351] EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1827] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 29

AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- ANTIOXIDANT USE: DRUM [B1204] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: A0371 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, apogonidae CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: CARDINALFISH FAMILY ANTIDESMA [A0351] [B2886] FTC: B2834 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome apolectus niger CAL FRUIT [B1024] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: BLACK POMFRET [B2377] UF: antidesma vogelianum ANTIOXIDANT SYNERGIST APPELLATION CONTROLEE antidesma vogelianum FTC: A0372 FTC: Z0086 USE: ANTIDESMA [B2834] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: STATUS OF FOOD NAME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [Z0087] ANTIFOAMING AGENT [A0351] UF: controlled name FTC: A0328 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: protected name BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome CATION, EUROPEAN 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 APPLE COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: B1245 AI: Substance that prevents or ANTIOXIDANTS SOLUBILIZER BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT reduces foaming. European FTC: A0373 [B1599] Council Directive 95/2/EC. BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: malus communis CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: malus sylvestris ANTIFOAMING AGENT [A0351] UF: pyrus malus FTC: A0368 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome APPLE BANANA CODEX ALIMENTARIUS 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B1568 [A0351] BT: BANANA [B1266] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- ANTISPATTERING AGENT per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: A0375 apple guava 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: GUAVA [B1333] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA [A0351] APRICOT FTC: AG AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B1529 BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] [QO01] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: prunus armeniaca UF: barbuda ANTITROPE AGENT apricot and orange ANTIMICROBIAL PRESERVATIVE FTC: A0374 USE: ORANGE AND APRICOT FTC: A0369 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, [B1709] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [A0351] apsilus dentatus [A0351] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: BLACK SNAPPER [B1099] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 AQUACULTURE 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: AQU1 ANTROCARYON BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] ANTIMOULD AND ANTITROPE FTC: B2835 AGENT BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- AQUATIC ANIMAL FTC: A0370 CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B1142 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: antrocaryon klaineanum BT: FISH OR LOWER WATER CODEX ALIMENTARIUS ANIMAL [B1021] [A0351] antrocaryon klaineanum AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: ANTROCARYON [B2835] ARABIAN MUMMUM per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: B2796 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 AONORI BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2640 CAL FRUIT [B1024] ANTIOXIDANT BT: ENTEROMORPHA [B2639] UF: carissa edulis FTC: A0318 UF: enteromorpha prolifera UF: carissa edulis var. candol- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] leana SN: Substance used to preserve aperitif wine (U.S.) UF: carissa edulis var. cornifolia food by retarding deteriora- USE: HEAVY WINE, 14-24% AL- UF: carissa edulis var. tomentosa tion, rancidity or discoloration COHOL [A0224] UF: wild plum (carissa edulis) due to oxidation. aphania senegalensis arachis hypogaea ANTIOXIDANT USE: SOAPBERRY [B2836] USE: PEANUT [B1337] FTC: A0329 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- apium graveolens rapaceum ARBOL PEPPER CATION, EUROPEAN USE: CELERIAC [B1729] FTC: B2551 COMMUNITY [A0324] BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] AI: Substance that prolongs the apium graveolens var. dulce UF: pepper, arbol shelf life of foodstuffs by pro- USE: CELERY [B1282] tecting them against deterio- arbutus ration caused by oxidation, aplodinotus grunniens USE: STRAWBERRY TREE such as fat rancidity and col- USE: FRESHWATER DRUM [B2761] our changes. European [B1796] Council Directive 95/2/EC. arbutus unedo aplodinotus spp.

30 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: STRAWBERRY TREE ARGENTINE QUEENFISH UF: dasypodidae [B2761] FTC: B1939 BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] ARMENIA arca barbata FTC: AM USE: ARKSHELL [B2432] ARGENTINE SEA BASS BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] FTC: B1762 ARCHAEOGASTROPOD BT: SEA BASS [B2180] armillaria FTC: B1002 UF: sea bass, argentine USE: BRACELET MUSHROOM BT: GASTROPOD [B2111] [B2758] UF: aspidobranchia argentinidae USE: ARGENTINE FAMILY armillaria mellea archosargus probatocephalus [B1924] USE: HONEY MUSHROOM USE: SHEEPSHEAD [B1422] [B2735] ARGON ARCTIC CHAR FTC: B3004 armoracia lapathifolia FTC: B1332 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: HORSERADISH [B1146] BT: TROUT [B1258] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: char, alpine ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] aroma UF: salvelinus alpinus UF: E 938 USE: FLAVORING [A0215] UF: INS 938 ARCTIC FISHING AREA arripidae FTC: AA18 ARGON ADDED USE: AUSTRALIAN SALMON BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: H0429 FAMILY [B1940] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ARCTIC GRAYLING EUROPEAN COMMU- arripis georgianus FTC: B2860 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: AUSTRALIAN RUFF [B1941] BT: GRAYLING [B2711] TARIUS [H0399] UF: thymallus arcticus UF: E 938 added arripis trutta UF: INS 938 added USE: KAHAWAI [B2237] arctic whitefish USE: HUMPBACK WHITEFISH ARROW [B2284] USE: SCALLOP [B2459] FTC: B2683 BT: SQUID [B1205] ARID CLIMATIC ZONE UF: notodarus spp. USE: OCEAN QUAHOG [B1953] FTC: CLZ06 BT: DRY CLIMATIC ZONE ARROWHEAD arctica spp. [CLZ04] FTC: B1716 USE: QUAHOG [B2501] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING ariidae PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR arctoscopus spp. USE: SEA CATFISH FAMILY BULB USED [B1018] USE: SANDFISH [B2568] [B1155] UF: duck potato UF: sagittaria tatifolia areca catechu ARIL USE: BETEL NUT PALM [B2311] FTC: C0287 ARROWROOT BT: SEED PART, OTHER FTC: B2400 argemone [C0178] BT: STARCH-PRODUCING USE: PRICKLY POPPY [B2156] AI: An additional PLANT [B1016] covering that forms on certain UF: maranta arundinacea argemony seeds after fertilisation, de- USE: PRICKLY POPPY [B2156] veloping from the stalk of the ARROWTOOTH FLOUNDER ovule (Source: Webster's) FTC: B1866 ARGENTINA BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: AR arius caelatus FAMILY [B1856] BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] USE: SEA CATFISH [B2374] UF: atheresthes stomias argentina spp. arius upsulonothorus artemia salina USE: ARGENTINE [B1430] USE: SEA CATFISH [B2374] USE: BRINE SHRIMP [B2464]

ARGENTINE ARIZONA ARTICHOKE FTC: B1430 FTC: US04 FTC: B1466 BT: ARGENTINE FAMILY BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES BT: FLORET USED AS VEGE- [B1924] [US64] TABLE [B1036] UF: argentina spp. UF: cynara scolymus UF: silver smelts ARKANSAS FTC: US05 artificial cheese rind ARGENTINE FAMILY BT: MIDWESTERN STATES USE: CHEESE RIND, ARTIFICIAL FTC: B1924 [US61] [Z0148] BT: FISH, SALMONIFORM [B1592] ARKSHELL ARTIFICIAL CHOCOLATE FLAVOR- UF: argentinidae FTC: B2432 ING ADDED BT: BIVALVE [B2113] FTC: H0394 ARGENTINE HAKE UF: arca barbata BT: FLAVORING ADDED, ARTI- FTC: B2142 FICIAL [H0228] BT: WHITING [B1640] ARMADILLO UF: chocolate flavoring added, UF: merluccius hubbsi FTC: B1626 artificial UF: southwest atlantic hake BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) [B1134] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 31

ARTIFICIAL FRUIT FLAVORING ashanti plum ADDED ascomycetes USE: HOG PLUM [B1307] FTC: H0395 USE: ASCOMYCETE [B2034] BT: FLAVORING ADDED, ARTI- ASIA FICIAL [H0228] ASCORBIC ACID FTC: QN FTC: B3005 BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT-RELATED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- AND REGIONS [QX] CLAIM OR USE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: P0106 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ASIA, CENTRAL BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- UF: E 300 FTC: QN01 TARY USE [P0023] UF: INS 300 BT: ASIA [QN] UF: central asia artificial sweetener added ASCORBIC ACID ADDED USE: NONNUTRITIVE SWEET- FTC: H0430 ASIA, NORTHEAST ENER ADDED [H0108] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: QN02 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: ASIA [QN] ARTIFICIALLY CARBONATED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: northeast asia FTC: H0109 TARIUS [H0399] BT: CARBONATED [H0175] UF: E 300 added ASIA, SOUTHEAST SN: Used when carbon dioxide UF: INS 300 added FTC: QN03 has been added to a food BT: ASIA [QN] product at any level. ASCORBYL PALMITATE UF: southeast asia FTC: B3006 SN: Foods found in this section ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- include those common to all FTC: J0144 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX southeast asian countries. BT: HEAT DRIED [J0117] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] These countries include SN: Dried by the application of UF: E 304 Brunei, Darussalam, East artificial heat. UF: INS 304 Timor, Indonesia, Kampu- chea, Laos, Malaysia, Myan- ARTIFICIALLY SWEETENED FRUIT ASCORBYL PALMITATE ADDED mar (Burma), Singapore, JELLY ADDED FTC: H0431 Thailand and Viet nam. See FTC: H0131 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, these individual country list- BT: JELLY, JAM OR PRESERVE EUROPEAN COMMU- ings for additional food ADDED [H0122] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- names. SN: Always used when artificial TARIUS [H0399] jelly is a filling in a food prod- UF: E 304 added ASIA, SOUTHERN uct; otherwise used when arti- UF: INS 304 added FTC: QN04 ficial jelly is a second ingredi- BT: ASIA [QN] ent in order of predominance. ASCORBYL STEARATE UF: southern asia FTC: B3007 artocarpus altilis BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ASIA, WESTERN USE: BREADFRUIT [B1504] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: QN05 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: ASIA [QN] artocarpus heterophyllus UF: E 304 UF: western asia USE: JACKFRUIT [B1545] UF: INS 304 ASIAN CLAM artocarpus incisa ASCORBYL STEARATE ADDED FTC: B2646 USE: BREADFRUIT [B1504] FTC: H0432 BT: CLAM [B1331] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: corbicula fluminea artocarpus integrifolius EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: JACKFRUIT [B1545] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ASIAN CONTINENTAL FISHING TARIUS [H0399] AREA ARUBA UF: E 304 added FTC: AA04 FTC: AW UF: INS 304 added BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS [QO01] ASEPTIC FILLED AND SEALED ASIAN NORTHWEST FISHING FTC: J0126 AREA ASAFETIDA BT: STERILIZED BEFORE FILL- FTC: AA07 FTC: B2171 ING [J0102] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- SN: Used when a sterile product PRODUCING PLANT is filled in a sterile atmos- asian pear [B1179] phere into a sterile container. USE: SAND PEAR [B1523] UF: ferula assa-foetida For further detail see 21 CFR 113.3(a). ASIAN WATER BUFFALO asari FTC: B2095 USE: JAPANESE LITTLENECK ASH BT: BUFFALO [B1476] CLAM [B2354] FTC: N0047 UF: bubalus bubalis BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE UF: water buffalo, asian ASBESTOS CONTAINER FROM NATURAL MATERIAL FTC: M0412 [N0050] ASIATIC PENNYWORT BT: NATURAL TEXTILE CON- SN: Some cheeses are sur- FTC: B2442 TAINER [M0409] rounded by a layer of ashes. BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: centella asiatica ASCOMYCETE ash gourd UF: hydrocotyle FTC: B2034 USE: CHINESE PRESERVING UF: hydrocotyle asiatica BT: FUNGUS [B1261] MELON [B1616] UF: indian pennywort UF: ascomycetes

32 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus asimina triloba UF: gadus morhua FTC: AA47 USE: PAWPAW [B1202] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] ATLANTIC CROAKER aspalathus linearis FTC: B1795 SOUTHWEST USE: ROOIBOS [B2057] BT: CROAKER [B1794] FISHING AREA UF: croaker, atlantic FTC: AA41 ASPARAGUS UF: micropogonias undulatus BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: B1415 BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- ATLANTIC CUTLASSFISH ATLANTIC OCEAN WEST FISHING TABLE [B1005] FTC: B2861 AREA UF: asparagus officinalis BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY FTC: AA31 [B1820] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] asparagus bean UF: trichiurus lepturus USE: YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] ATLANTIC POMFRET ATLANTIC HALIBUT FTC: B1929 asparagus lettuce FTC: B1877 BT: POMFRET FAMILY [B1938] USE: CELTUCE [B1728] BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER UF: black sea bream FAMILY [B1856] UF: brama brama asparagus officinalis UF: halibut, atlantic UF: brama raji USE: ASPARAGUS [B1415] UF: hippoglossus hippoglossus UF: bream, black sea UF: pomfret, atlantic asparagus pea ATLANTIC HERRING UF: ray's bream USE: GOA BEAN [B1726] FTC: B1586 BT: HERRING [B1414] ATLANTIC ROCK ASPARTAME UF: atlantic sardine FTC: B2350 FTC: B3008 UF: baltic herring BT: ROCK CRAB FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: clupea harengus harengus [B2351] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: herring, atlantic UF: cancer irroratus ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 951 ATLANTIC HORSE MACKEREL ATLANTIC SALMON UF: INS 951 FTC: B1166 FTC: B1587 BT: SCAD [B2424] BT: SALMON [B2250] ASPARTAME ADDED UF: trachurus trachurus UF: salmo salar FTC: H0433 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ATLANTIC MACKEREL atlantic sardine EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B1790 USE: ATLANTIC HERRING NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: MACKEREL [B1043] [B1586] TARIUS [H0399] UF: mackerel, atlantic UF: E 951 added UF: scomber scombrus ATLANTIC SAURY UF: INS 951 added FTC: B1889 ATLANTIC MENHADEN BT: SAURY FAMILY [B1888] aspidobranchia FTC: B1849 UF: saury, atlantic USE: ARCHAEOGASTROPOD BT: MENHADEN [B1396] UF: scomberesox saurus [B1002] UF: brevoortia tyrannus UF: skipper (atlantic saury) UF: menhaden, atlantic asteroidae ATLANTIC SURFCLAM USE: STARFISH [B2108] ATLANTIC OCEAN FTC: B1959 FTC: ATOC BT: CLAM [B1331] atelecyclidae BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] UF: bar clam USE: HORSE CRAB FAMILY UF: sea clam [B2230] ATLANTIC OCEAN EAST FISHING UF: spisula solidissima AREA atheresthes evermanni FTC: AA34 ATLANTIC THREAD HERRING USE: KAMCHATKA FLOUNDER BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: B1851 [B1875] BT: THREAD HERRING [B1239] ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS UF: opisthonema oglinum atheresthes stomias FTC: QO UF: thread herring, atlantic USE: ARROWTOOTH FLOUNDER BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES [B1866] AND REGIONS [QX] ATLANTIC WOLFFISH FTC: B1817 atherinidae ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHEAST BT: WOLFFISH FAMILY [B1816] USE: SILVERSIDE FAMILY FISHING AREA UF: anarhichas lupus [B1884] FTC: AA27 UF: wolffish, atlantic BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] ATLANTIC BONITO atrina pectinata FTC: B1792 ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHWEST USE: PEN SHELL [B2881] BT: BONITO [B1264] FISHING AREA UF: bonito, atlantic FTC: AA21 atriplex hortensis UF: pelamys sardis BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] USE: GARDEN ORACH [B2751] UF: sarda sarda UF: scomber mediterraneus ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING august plum UF: scomber palamitus AREA USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] FTC: AA48 ATLANTIC COD BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] aulacomya ater FTC: B1842 USE: [B1223] BT: COD [B1423] ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST UF: cod, atlantic FISHING AREA auricularia polytricha LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 33

USE: BLACK FUNGUS [B1741] UF: persea americana BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR UF: persea gratissima FUNGUS USED AS FOOD AUSTRALIA SOURCE [B1215] FTC: AU AYU BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES FTC: B2516 BACTERIA CURED AND REGIONS [QX] BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] FTC: H0326 UF: plecoglossus altivelis BT: LACTIC ACID-OTHER australian cod AGENT FERMENTED USE: BLUE COD [B2290] AZERBAIJAN [H0107] FTC: AZ AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL FISH- BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] BAG, SACK OR POUCH ING AREA FTC: M0197 FTC: AA06 AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: B3009 PING BY FORM [M0195] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: sack AUSTRALIAN RUFF PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SN: According to FSTA Thesau- FTC: B1941 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] rus Packaging 3.1 package BT: AUSTRALIAN SALMON UF: E 122 types, includes boil-in bag, FAMILY [B1940] UF: INS 122 carrier bag, flat bag, inner UF: arripis georgianus bag, retort pouch, shipping AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE ADDED bag, valve bag, and valve australian salmon FTC: H0434 sack USE: KAHAWAI [B2237] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- bagre marinus AUSTRALIAN SALMON FAMILY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: GAFFTOPSAIL CATFISH FTC: B1940 TARIUS [H0399] [B2174] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: E 122 added UF: arripidae UF: INS 122 added BAHAMAS FTC: BS AUSTRIA AZTEC MARIGOLD BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS FTC: AT FTC: B2339 [QO] BT: EUROPE, CENTRAL [QR01] BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B1347] BAHRAIN auxis bisus UF: african marigold FTC: BH USE: BULLET TUNA [B1930] UF: big marigold BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] UF: tagetes erecta auxis rochei bain-marie cooked USE: BULLET TUNA [B1930] B. FOOD SOURCE USE: COOKED IN WATER BATH FTC: B1564 [G0034] auxis thazard SN: Individual plant or animal from USE: FRIGATE TUNA [B1787] which the food product or its baked apple berry major ingredient is derived; USE: CLOUDBERRY [B2029] avena sativa also a chemical food source. USE: OAT [B1219] BAKED OR ROASTED BABACO FTC: G0005 averrhoa bilimbi FTC: B2797 BT: COOKED BY DRY HEAT USE: BILIMBI [B2513] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [G0004] CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: roasted or baked averrhoa carambola UF: carica pentagona SN: Cooked without moisture, USE: CARAMBOLA [B1686] covered or uncovered, in an babacu oven. *ROASTING* usually AVOCADO USE: BABASSU PALM [B1707] applies to meats or nuts. FTC: B1470 BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- BABASSU PALM BAKERY PRODUCT BLE [B1006] FTC: B1707 FTC: A0191 UF: abogado BT: PALM [B1286] BT: PREPARED GRAIN OR UF: aguacate BT: PALM [B1286] STARCH PRODUCT [A0106] UF: palta UF: babacu SN: Prepared grain product made UF: persea americana UF: orbignya barbosiana by baking or frying. Includes UF: persea gratissima UF: orbignya speciosa doughs, batters and mixes.

AVOCADO baby carrot BAKERY PRODUCT, SWEETENED FTC: B1470 USE: CARROT [B1227] FTC: A0135 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: BAKERY PRODUCT [A0191] CAL FRUIT [B1024] BABY LIMA BEAN UF: crepe, dessert UF: abogado FTC: B1185 UF: dessert crepe UF: aguacate BT: LIMA BEAN [B1397] UF: sweetened bakery product UF: palta SN: Includes cakes, cookies, pies, UF: persea americana back meat, poultry quick breads, doughnuts and UF: persea gratissima USE: MEAT COLOR, UNDESIG- related products, also bakery NATED OR UNKNOWN products that are glazed, AVOCADO [Z0003] frosted or have a sweetened FTC: B1470 filling. If sugar is not the first BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] BACTERIA ingredient, *SUGAR OR UF: abogado FTC: B2846 SUGAR SYRUP ADDED* as UF: aguacate well as *SWEETENER UF: palta ADDED* (or the appropriate

34 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

narrower term under each) BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR USE: ATLANTIC SURFCLAM should be indexed in *H. PUMPKIN [B2091] [B1959] TREATMENT APPLIED*. UF: momordica balsamina BAR JACK BAKERY PRODUCT, UNSWEET- balsam pear FTC: B2335 ENED USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] BT: JACK [B1044] FTC: A0107 UF: caranx ruber BT: BAKERY PRODUCT [A0191] baltic herring UF: carrang UF: crepe, unfilled USE: ATLANTIC HERRING UF: unfilled crepe [B1586] barak UF: unsweetened bakery product USE: UCUHUBA [B1699] SN: Includes breads, crackers, pie BAMBOO or pizza crusts and pretzels. FTC: B1271 BARBADOS Excludes glazed, filled or BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- FTC: BB frosted bakery products, TABLE [B1005] BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS which fall under *BAKERY UF: bambusa vulgaris [QO01] PRODUCT, SWEETENED* and unsweetened filled prod- bambusa vulgaris barbados cherry ucts that fall under USE: BAMBOO [B1271] USE: ACEROLA [B1360] *PREPARED FOOD PROD- UCT WITH BAKERY BASE BANANA barbarea verna OR ENCLOSURE, UN- FTC: B1266 USE: LAND CRESS [B2873] SWEETENED* or the appro- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- priate narrower term. See 21 CAL FRUIT [B1024] barbary fig CFR for description of some UF: banana, common USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] subgroups. UF: common banana UF: musa acuminata BARBEL BAKERY WARES UF: musa sapientum FTC: B2712 FTC: A0458 UF: musa spp. BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 [B1921] BANANA PASSIONFRUIT UF: barbus barbus BAKERY WARES FTC: B2028 FTC: A0632 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BARBERRY AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B2492 UF: curuba BT: BERRY [B1231] baking powder added UF: passiflora mollisima UF: berberis vulgaris USE: CHEMICAL LEAVENING AGENT ADDED [H0351] BANANA SQUASH barbuda FTC: B2510 USE: ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA baking soda added BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] [AG] USE: CHEMICAL LEAVENING UF: cucurbita maxima var. ba- AGENT ADDED [H0351] nana barbus barbus USE: BARBEL [B2712] balanites aegyptiaca banana, common USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] USE: BANANA [B1266] BARK FTC: C0264 balanites ziziphoides BANDTAIL PUFFER BT: ROOT, STEM, OR USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] FTC: B2271 FLOWER [C0148] BT: PUFFERFISH FAMILY SN: The woody external covering balanus spp. [B1990] of the stem, branch or root of USE: [B2127] UF: sphoeroides spengleri a plant, as distinct and sepa- rate from the wood itself. BALI BANGLADESH FTC: ID02 FTC: BD BARLEY BT: INDONESIA [ID] BT: ASIA, SOUTHERN [QN04] FTC: B1230 BT: GRAIN [B1324] balistidae BANK ROCKFISH UF: hordeum vulgare USE: LEATHERJACKET FAMILY FTC: B1772 [B2138] BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BARLEY ADDED [B1084] FTC: H0323 balistides UF: rockfish, bank BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] USE: TRIGGERFISH [B2131] UF: sebastes rufus SN: Used when barley is the sec- ond to fourth ingredient in or- balm BAOBAB der of predominance, exclud- USE: BALM, LEMON [B2621] FTC: B2759 ing water. BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BALM, LEMON CAL FRUIT [B1024] BARNACLE FTC: B2621 UF: adansonia digitata FTC: B2127 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: adansonia somalensis BT: CIRRIPED [B2128] PRODUCING PLANT UF: adansonia sphaerocarpa UF: balanus spp. [B1179] UF: adansonia sulcata UF: lepas psittacus UF: balm UF: dead-rat tree UF: lemon balm UF: monkey-bread tree BARRACUDA UF: melissa officinalis UF: upside-down tree FTC: B1540 BT: BARRACUDA FAMILY BALSAM APPLE bar clam [B1829] FTC: B2172 UF: sphyraena spp. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 35

FTC: B1936 BEAR BARRACUDA FAMILY BT: TRUMPETER FAMILY FTC: B2406 FTC: B1829 [B1988] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: latridopsis ciliaris [B1134] UF: sphyraenidae UF: moki UF: ursa spp.

BARRAMUNDI PERCH batavian orange beaten FTC: B2872 USE: ORANGE [B1339] USE: AERATED BY WHIPPING BT: SNOOK FAMILY [B1824] [H0358] UF: lates calcarifer batoka plum USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM BEAVER barrel [B2789] FTC: B1325 USE: WOOD BARREL, CASK OR BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) WHEEL [M0179] batrachoididae [B1134] USE: TOADFISH FAMILY [B2264] UF: castor canadensis barrel USE: DRUM (CONTAINER) batter-coated BEECHNUT [M0198] USE: BREADED OR BATTER- FTC: B1543 COATED [H0188] BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT BARROW [B1062] FTC: B1280 BAVETTE UF: fagus BT: SWINE [B1136] FTC: Z0124 BT: CAPARACON [Z0123] beef and pork basella alba USE: AND SWINE USE: MALABAR NIGHTSHADE BAXTERS DOGFISH [B1105] [B1150] FTC: B2910 BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY beef and pork and veal BASIDIOMYCETE [B1912] USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND FTC: B2035 UF: etmopterus baxteri CALF [B1000] BT: FUNGUS [B1261] SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog UF: basidiomycetes of the Genera of recent BEEFALO , California Academy of FTC: B2407 basidiomycetes Sciences, 1990, p.437. Scien- BT: CATTLE [B1161] USE: BASIDIOMYCETE [B2035] tific name verifiable, common name unverified. BEEFALO basil FTC: B2407 USE: BASIL, SWEET [B1158] BAY BT: BUFFALO [B1476] FTC: B1197 BASIL, BUSH BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BEEFSTEAK MOREL FTC: B1145 PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2446 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- [B1179] BT: MOREL [B2032] PRODUCING PLANT UF: bay laurel leaf UF: brain mushroom [B1179] UF: bay leaf UF: false morel UF: ocimum minimum UF: laurel UF: gyromitra esculenta UF: laurus nobilis BASIL, SWEET BEEFSTEAK PLANT FTC: B1158 bay laurel leaf FTC: B2135 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: BAY [B1197] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PRODUCING PLANT PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] bay leaf [B1179] UF: basil USE: BAY [B1197] UF: perilla frutescens crispa UF: ocimum basilicum UF: sweet basil bay lobster BEESWAX, WHITE AND YELLOW USE: SLIPPER LOBSTER [B2491] FTC: B3010 BASS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2665 BAY SCALLOP PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] FTC: B2459 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SCALLOP [B1489] UF: E 901 BASS FIBRE CONTAINER UF: argopecten irradians UF: INS 901 FTC: M0411 BT: NATURAL TEXTILE CON- bean (part of plant) BEESWAX, WHITE AND YELLOW TAINER [M0409] USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN ADDED PRESENT, GERM PRE- FTC: H0435 bass, white SENT [C0133] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: WHITE BASS [B1764] EUROPEAN COMMU- BEAN (VEGETABLE) NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BASSES-COTES FTC: B1567 TARIUS [H0399] FTC: Z0130 BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE UF: E 901 added BT: QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] [B1156] UF: INS 901 added SN: This corresponds approxi- UF: beans, variety unknown matly to the U.S. cut of meat UF: marrow bean BEET called 'blade'. UF: phaseolus FTC: B1309 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING bassia latifolia beans, variety unknown PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR USE: ILLIPE [B2110] USE: BEAN (VEGETABLE) BULB USED [B1018] [B1567] UF: beetroot BASTARD TRUMPETER UF: beta vulgaris

36 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: NEEDLEFISH FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, beetroot [B1887] EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: BEET [B1309] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BELUGA TARIUS [H0399] BEETROOT RED, BETANIN FTC: B2528 UF: E 210 added FTC: B3011 BT: STURGEON FAMILY UF: INS 210 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1897] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: huso huso ber ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] UF: E 162 BELWISIA UF: INS 162 FTC: B2826 berberis vulgaris BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: BARBERRY [B2492] BEETROOT RED, BETANIN ADDED CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: H0436 UF: belwisia vogelii BERGAMOT ORANGE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: napoleonaea FTC: B1898 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: napoleonaea vogelii BT: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: citrus aurantium bergamia TARIUS [H0399] belwisia vogelii UF: E 162 added USE: BELWISIA [B2826] BERMUDA UF: INS 162 added FTC: BM bembrops anatirostris BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS BEGGIATOALES USED AS FOOD USE: DUCKBILL FLATHEAD [QO] SOURCE [B2531] FTC: B2850 BERRY BT: BACTERIA [B2846] bembrops gobioides FTC: B1231 SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., USE: GOBY FLATHEAD [B2532] BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT 1992, v.I, p.536. [B1140] bembrops spp. BELARUS USE: FLATHEAD [B2530] berry or fruit (anatomical part) FTC: BY USE: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] bengal gram bean UF: byelorussia USE: GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] BERRY, BRAMBLE FTC: B1121 BELGIAN CARROT BENIN BT: BERRY [B1231] FTC: B1095 FTC: BJ UF: rubus spp. BT: CARROT [B1227] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] UF: dahomey BERRY, RIBES belgian endive FTC: B1159 USE: CHICORY [B1552] benincasa ceriflora BT: BERRY [B1231] USE: CHINESE PRESERVING UF: ribes BELGIUM MELON [B1616] FTC: BE BERRY, VACCINIUM BT: EUROPE, WESTERN benincasa hispida FTC: B1614 [QR04] USE: CHINESE PRESERVING BT: BERRY [B1231] MELON [B1616] BELIZE bertholletia excelsa FTC: BZ benincasa hispida var. USE: BRAZILNUT [B1463] BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] USE: FUZZY MELON [B2518] berycidae BENTONITE USE: ALFONSINO FAMILY USE: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET FTC: B3012 [B2884] PEPPER [B2628] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX beta vulgaris BELL PEPPER OR SWEET PEPPER ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: BEET [B1309] FTC: B2628 UF: E 558 BT: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED UF: INS 558 beta vulgaris var. cicla [B1250] USE: SWISS CHARD [B1175] UF: bell pepper BENTONITE ADDED UF: frutescens var. FTC: H0437 beta vulgaris var. crassa grossum BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: SUGAR BEET [B1370] UF: , sweet EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: sweet pepper NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL (C 30) TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3014 BELLY MEAT UF: E 558 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: Z0063 UF: INS 558 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Boneless skeletal meat from BENZOIC ACID UF: E 160e the lower sides of meat ani- FTC: B3013 UF: INS 160e mals; usually belly meat is BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- smoked and cured to produce PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL (C 30) bacon. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ADDED UF: E 210 FTC: H0439 belone belone UF: INS 210 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1417] BENZOIC ACID ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0438 TARIUS [H0399] belonidae UF: E 160e added LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 37

UF: INS 160e added BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, BEER FTC: B2513 FTC: N0014 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BETA-CAROTENE BT: BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B3015 [N0011] UF: averrhoa bilimbi BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: blimbing PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, CAR- UF: cucumber tree ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BONATED SOFT DRINK UF: tree sorrel UF: E 160a FTC: N0013 UF: INS 160a BT: BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL BILLFISH FAMILY [N0011] FTC: B1518 BETA-CAROTENE ADDED BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: H0440 BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, NON- UF: istiophoridae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CARBONATED BEVERAGE EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: N0012 BIMETAL CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL FTC: M0107 TARIUS [H0399] [N0011] BT: METAL CONTAINER UF: E 160a added [M0151] UF: INS 160a added BEVERAGES FTC: A0465 BINDER BETEL AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 FTC: A0376 FTC: B2310 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD BEVERAGES, EXCLUDING DAIRY CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SOURCE [B1347] PRODUCTS [A0351] UF: betle pepper FTC: A0639 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: piper betle AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BETEL NUT PALM BHUTAN FTC: B2311 FTC: BT BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY DERIVED BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD BT: ASIA, CENTRAL [QN01] FOOD SOURCE [B1347] FTC: Z0151 UF: areca catechu BIAXIAL ORIENTED POLYPRO- BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- PYLENE CONTAINER ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] betle pepper FTC: M0375 USE: BETEL [B2310] BT: POLYPROPYLENE CON- BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL TAINER [M0374] FTC: B3016 betu BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] BIBB LETTUCE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2085 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BEVERAGE BT: BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE UF: E 230 FTC: A0229 [B2084] UF: INS 230 BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0289] big marigold BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL ADDED SN: Alcoholic or nonalcoholic USE: AZTEC MARIGOLD [B2339] FTC: H0441 beverage; excludes milk and BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, milk-based beverages, fruit bigarade EUROPEAN COMMU- juices and fruit juice drinks, USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- and vegetable juices. TARIUS [H0399] BIGEYE CARDINALFISH UF: E 230 added BEVERAGE BASE FTC: B2885 UF: INS 230 added FTC: Z0088 BT: CARDINALFISH FAMILY BT: FORMULATED MIX [Z0074] [B2886] bird cherry pepper SN: A dry or liquid product con- UF: epigonus telescopus USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] sisting of one or more ingre- dients processed so that a BIGEYE SCAD BIRD FOOD beverage can be prepared by FTC: B2660 FTC: P0030 adding liquid and possible a BT: SCAD [B2424] BT: PET FOOD [P0029] sweetener. Includes instant UF: akule coffee or tea, sweetened or UF: selar crumenophthalmus birgus latro unsweetened, and cocoa USE: [B2219] mixes. Excludes juice con- BIGEYE TUNA centrates and dried fruit juice, FTC: B1069 BISON as well as plain cocoa and BT: TUNA [B1269] FTC: B2098 products that must be UF: ahi BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) steeped. UF: parathunnus mebachi [B1134] UF: thunnus obesus UF: american buffalo BEVERAGE BASE, DRY UF: bison spp. FTC: Z0089 BIGLEAF LINDEN UF: buffalo, american BT: BEVERAGE BASE [Z0088] FTC: B2967 BT: LINDEN [B2051] bison spp. BEVERAGE BASE, LIQUID USE: BISON [B2098] FTC: Z0091 BILBERRY BT: BEVERAGE BASE [Z0088] FTC: B2013 bisque BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM USE: SOUP, THICK [A0180] BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL [B1614] FTC: N0011 UF: vaccinium myrtillus bitter almond BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] USE: ALMOND, BITTER [B2721] BILIMBI

38 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus bitter cucumber BLACK GRAM BEAN UF: rockfish, black USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] FTC: B1588 UF: sebastes melanops BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) bitter gourd [B1567] BLACK RUFF USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] UF: mungo bean FTC: B2895 UF: phaseolus mungo BT: BUTTERFISH FAMILY BITTER MELON UF: urad [B1827] FTC: B1101 UF: urd UF: centrolophus niger BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR UF: urdbean PUMPKIN [B2091] BLACK SALSIFY UF: balsam pear BLACK KINGKLIP FTC: B2962 UF: bitter cucumber FTC: B1857 BT: SALSIFY [B1551] UF: bitter gourd BT: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] UF: fu gwa UF: genypterus maculatus BLACK SEA BASS UF: la-kwa UF: kingklip, black FTC: B1438 UF: momordica charantia BT: SEA BASS [B2180] BLACK MOREL UF: blackfish bitter orange FTC: B2021 UF: centropristis striata USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] BT: MOREL [B2032] UF: sea bass, black UF: morchella angusticeps BITTERSWEET, EUROPEAN UF: morchella conica black sea bream FTC: B1076 USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BLACK MULBERRY [B1929] PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2776 [B1179] BT: MULBERRY [B1501] BLACK SKIPJACK UF: solanum dulcamara UF: morus nigra FTC: B1112 BT: TUNA [B1269] BITTERWOOD black mushroom UF: euthynnus lineatus FTC: B2793 USE: SHIITAKE MUSHROOM BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [B1635] BLACK SLICKHEAD CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B2914 UF: mafourere BLACK MUSTARD BT: SLICKHEAD FAMILY UF: trichilia spp. FTC: B1127 [B2909] BT: MUSTARD [B2069] UF: xenodermichthys spp. bitu UF: brassica nigra SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] UF: mustard, black of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of BIVALVE BLACK OLIVE Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scien- FTC: B2113 FTC: B1170 tific name verifiable, common BT: MOLLUSK [B2112] BT: OLIVE [B1299] name unverified. UF: pelecypod UF: pelecypoda BLACK OREO DORY BLACK SNAPPER FTC: B2578 FTC: B1099 black bass BT: OREO FAMILY [B2576] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] USE: LARGEMOUTH BASS UF: allocyttus niger UF: apsilus dentatus [B2182] UF: oreo dory, black black tiger prawn black bean (phaseolus) black pepper USE: GIANT TIGER PRAWN USE: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, USE: PEPPER, BLACK [B1191] [B2612] EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR [B1061] BLACK PLUM black turtle bean FTC: B2920 USE: MORETON BAY CHESTNUT BLACK CHERRY BT: VITEX [B2933] [B2133] FTC: B2479 UF: vitex doniana BT: CHERRY [B1306] BLACK WALNUT UF: prunus serotina black plum (syzyguim) FTC: B1071 UF: wild black cherry USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] BT: WALNUT [B1290] BT: WALNUT [B1290] BLACK CRAPPIE BLACK POMFRET UF: juglans nigra FTC: B1819 FTC: B2377 BT: CRAPPIE [B1409] BT: POMPANO [B1475] BLACKBACK FLOUNDER UF: crappie, black UF: apolectus niger FTC: B1971 UF: pomoxis nigromaculatus UF: parastromateus niger BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FAMILY [B1856] BLACK CURRANT BLACK RADISH UF: pleuronectes americanus FTC: B1192 FTC: B2959 UF: pseudopleuronectes ameri- BT: CURRANT [B1528] BT: RADISH [B1315] canus UF: ribes nigrum BLACK RASPBERRY BLACKBERRY BLACK FUNGUS FTC: B1618 FTC: B1407 FTC: B1741 BT: RASPBERRY [B1494] BT: BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] BT: BASIDIOMYCETE [B2035] UF: rubus occidentalis UF: rubus macropetalus UF: auricularia polytricha UF: cloud ears fungus BLACK ROCKFISH blackeyed bean UF: ear fungus FTC: B1770 USE: BLACKEYED PEA [B1100] UF: jew's ear BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY [B1084] BLACKEYED PEA LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 39

FTC: B1100 BT: ORGAN MEAT, CARDIO- FTC: B1778 BT: COWPEA [B1200] VASCULAR SYSTEM BT: JACK [B1044] UF: blackeyed bean [C0129] UF: caranx crysos UF: southern pea UF: vigna unguiculata unguiculata BLOOD ADDED BLUE SHRIMP FTC: H0339 FTC: B2233 BLACKFIN SNAPPER BT: ORGAN MEAT ADDED BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY FTC: B1799 [H0307] [B1081] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] SN: Used when blood is added to UF: pacific blue shrimp UF: lutjanus buccanella a food product at any level. UF: penaeus stylirostris UF: snapper, blackfin BLOOD SNAPPER BLUE SWIMMING CRAB BLACKFIN TUNA FTC: B2256 FTC: B2213 FTC: B1070 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] BT: SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY BT: TUNA [B1269] UF: lutjanus sanguineus [B2212] UF: thunnus atlanticus UF: scarlet snapper UF: bluey UF: portunus pelagicus blackfish BLUE CATFISH USE: BLACK SEA BASS [B1438] FTC: B1900 BLUE TILAPIA BT: CATFISH [B2620] FTC: B1832 BLACKFOOT ABALONE UF: catfish, blue BT: CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] FTC: B2681 UF: ictalurus furcatus UF: tilapia aurea BT: ABALONE [B1408] UF: tilapia, blue UF: haliotis iris BLUE COD UF: FTC: B2290 BLUE WAREHOU BT: SANDPERCH FAMILY FTC: B2304 blackspot snapper [B2368] BT: RUFF FAMILY [B2679] USE: JOHN'S SNAPPER [B2313] UF: australian cod UF: travelle UF: new zealand cod BLACKTAIL PIKE-CONGER UF: parapercis colias BLUE WHITING FTC: B2535 FTC: B1837 BT: DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY BLUE CRAB BT: WHITING [B1640] [B2533] FTC: B1648 UF: micromesistius poutassou UF: pike-conger, blacktail BT: SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY UF: poutassou [B2212] blanched or scalded UF: callinectes sapidus BLUEBACK HERRING USE: SCALDED OR BLANCHED FTC: B1852 [G0042] blue fusilier BT: HERRING [B1414] USE: FUSILIER [B2603] UF: alosa aestivalis BLEACHED UF: herring, blueback FTC: H0197 BLUE KING CRAB UF: pomolobus aestivalis BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY FTC: B2210 MODIFIED [H0130] BT: STONE AND KING CRAB blueback mullet SN: Treated with chemicals to FAMILY [B2209] USE: WHITE MULLET [B1786] reduce color, primarily to UF: paralithodes platypus whiten, e.g., bleached flour. blueback salmon BLUE LING USE: SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] BLEACHED PAPER CONTAINER FTC: B2864 FTC: M0335 BT: LING [B2144] BLUEBERRY BT: PAPER CONTAINER, UN- UF: molva dypterygia FTC: B1491 TREATED [M0334] BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM BLUE MARLIN [B1614] BLEACHING AGENT FTC: B2325 UF: vaccinium spp. FTC: A0377 BT: BILLFISH FAMILY [B1518] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: makaira nigricans BLUEFIN SEAROBIN CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: pacific blue marlin FTC: B2249 [A0351] BT: SEAROBIN FAMILY [B2235] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: chelidonichthys kumu per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: B2875 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: MUSSEL [B1223] BLUEFIN TUNA UF: mytilus edulis FTC: B1120 bleareyed snapper BT: TUNA [B1269] USE: QUEEN SNAPPER [B2151] BLUE PIKE UF: thunnus thynnus FTC: B1424 BLEWIT BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] BLUEFISH FTC: B2521 UF: stizostedion vitreum glaucum FTC: B1512 BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] BT: BLUEFISH FAMILY [B1810] UF: lepista spp. blue point oyster UF: pomatomus saltatrix USE: EASTERN OYSTER [B1951] blighia sapida BLUEFISH FAMILY USE: AKEE [B1690] BLUE ROCKFISH FTC: B1810 FTC: B2667 BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] blimbing BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: pomatomidae USE: BILIMBI [B2513] [B1084] UF: sebastes mystinus BLUEGILL BLOOD FTC: B2079 FTC: C0185 BLUE RUNNER BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818]

40 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: BOILED AND DRAINED BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] bluey [G0015] UF: borago officinalis USE: BLUE SWIMMING CRAB [B2213] BOIL-IN BAG borago officinalis FTC: M0419 USE: BORAGE [B1735] BLUSHER MUSHROOM BT: BAG, SACK OR POUCH FTC: B2073 [M0197] borassus aethiopum BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] USE: AFRICAN FAN PALM UF: amanita rubescens BOK CHOY [B2799] FTC: B2077 BOAR BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] borassus flabellifer var. aethiopum FTC: B2248 UF: brassica rapa var. chinensis USE: AFRICAN FAN PALM BT: SWINE [B1136] UF: pak choi [B2799]

BOCACCIO boletus edulis BORIC ACID FTC: B1682 USE: STEINPILZ [B2033] FTC: B3017 BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1084] boletus rufus PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: sebastes paucispinis USE: RED BOLETUS [B2737] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 284 BODYING AGENT BOLIVIA UF: INS 284 FTC: A0378 FTC: BO BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] BORIC ACID ADDED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FTC: H0442 [A0351] bolted BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: MEDIUM GROUND AND EUROPEAN COMMU- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome SIFTED (BOLTED) [E0101] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 TARIUS [H0399] bombay cowpea UF: E 284 added boehmeria nivea USE: CATJANG BEAN [B1919] UF: INS 284 added USE: RAMIE [B2447] BOMBAY DUCK BORNEO BOG BILBERRY FTC: B2499 FTC: ID13 FTC: B2970 BT: LIZARDFISH FAMILY BT: INDONESIA [ID] BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM [B2498] [B1614] UF: bumalo BOSC PEAR UF: bummalow FTC: B2080 BOILED BT: PEAR [B1344] FTC: G0014 BONE MARROW BT: COOKED IN WATER OR FTC: C0149 BOSCIA WATER-BASED LIQUID BT: ORGAN MEAT, CARDIO- FTC: B2838 [G0013] VASCULAR SYSTEM BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SN: Cooked in boiling water at [C0129] CAL FRUIT [B1024] 212 degrees F. UF: boscia angustifolia BONE OR SHELL BOILED AND DRAINED FTC: C0168 boscia angustifolia FTC: G0015 BT: NONMEAT PART OF ANI- USE: BOSCIA [B2838] BT: BOILED [G0014] MAL [C0122] SN: Cooked in boiling water at UF: shell (animal) 212 degrees F.; water that is SN: Bone (endoskeleton) or shell FTC: BA not absorbed into the food (exoskeleton) of animals, or BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] product is discarded after any part thereof. UF: herzegovina cooking. boneless meat boston butt BOILED AND UNDRAINED USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, USE: SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) FTC: G0018 WITHOUT BONE OR SHELL [Z0043] BT: BOILED [G0014] [C0125] SN: Cooked in boiling water at BOSTON LETTUCE 212 degrees F. The water in- BONITO FTC: B2086 corporates itself into the FTC: B1264 BT: BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE product being cooked or is BT: MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] [B2084] not discarded when cooking UF: sarda spp. is through. bothidae bonito, atlantic USE: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- BOILED IN LARGE AMOUNT OF USE: ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] ILY [B1879] LIQUID FTC: G0016 bonito, pacific BOTSWANA BT: BOILED AND DRAINED USE: PACIFIC BONITO [B1791] FTC: BW [G0015] BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN SN: Cooked in boiling water at BONNETHEAD [QM04] 212 degrees F. Liquid to solid FTC: B2594 ratio is greater than 2:1. BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK BOTTLE FAMILY [B2591] FTC: M0214 BOILED IN SMALL AMOUNT OF UF: sphyrna tiburo BT: BOTTLE OR JAR [M0203] LIQUID FTC: G0017 BORAGE bottle gourd FTC: B1735 USE: CALABASH GOURD [B1720] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 41

FTC: G0019 brassica campestris BOTTLE OR JAR BT: COOKED IN WATER OR USE: FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] FTC: M0203 WATER-BASED LIQUID BT: CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR [G0013] brassica hirta [M0194] SN: Browned initially in fat and USE: MUSTARD, WHITE [B1148] UF: jar then tightly covered and cooked over low heat in a brassica juncea bottle, jar or can small amount of water. USE: BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] USE: CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR [M0194] brake (plant) brassica napobrassica var. solidflora USE: BRACKEN FERN [B2450] USE: RUTABAGA [B1413] bouillon USE: SOUP, THIN [A0243] brama brama brassica napus USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET USE: RAPE [B1248] BOUVET ISLAND [B1929] FTC: BV brassica napus var. napobrassica BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS brama raji USE: RUTABAGA [B1413] [QO] USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET [B1929] brassica nigra BOWFIN USE: BLACK MUSTARD [B1127] FTC: B2436 brama spp. BT: BOWFIN FAMILY [B2435] USE: POMFRET [B2571] brassica oleracea var. alboglabra UF: amia calva USE: CHINESE KALE [B2421] UF: mudfish bramidae USE: POMFRET FAMILY [B1938] brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauli- BOWFIN FAMILY flower) FTC: B2435 BRAN USE: CAULIFLOWER [B1094] BT: FISH, AMIIFORM [B2425] FTC: C0288 UF: amiidae BT: SKIN OR BRAN (PERICARP) brassica oleracea var. bullata [C0111] USE: SAVOY CABBAGE [B2415] BOX AI: The broken outer FTC: M0213 coat, or husk, of grains of brassica oleracea var. capitata BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- wheat, rye, oats, etc. sepa- USE: CABBAGE [B1406] PING BY FORM [M0195] rated from the flour after UF: carton grinding, as by sifting brassica oleracea var. gemmifera UF: case (Source: Webster's) USE: BRUSSELS SPROUT UF: crate [B1611] bran (pericarp) BOYSENBERRY USE: SKIN OR BRAN (PERICARP) brassica oleracea var. gongylodes FTC: B1063 [C0111] USE: KOHLRABI [B1369] BT: BLACKBERRY [B1407] UF: rubus ursinus var. loganobac- BRAN ADDED brassica pekinensis cus cv. boysen FTC: H0318 USE: CHINESE OR CELERY BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] CABBAGE [B1051] BRACELET MUSHROOM SN: Used when bran is the sec- FTC: B2758 ond to fourth ingredient in or- brassica rapa BT: BASIDIOMYCETE [B2035] der of predominance, exclud- USE: FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] UF: armillaria ing water. If a choice must be made between *BRAN brassica rapa var. chinensis brachyplatystoma flavicans ADDED* and the type of grain USE: BOK CHOY [B2077] USE: SOUTH AMERICAN CAT- added, prefer *BRAN FISH [B2154] ADDED*. brassica rapa var. pekinensis USE: CHINESE OR CELERY brachyplatystoma vaillanti bran and germ CABBAGE [B1051] USE: BRAZILIAN CATFISH USE: GERM AND BRAN [C0142] [B2155] brassica rapa var. rapifera bran and other parts of seed or kernel USE: TURNIP [B1238] brachyura spp. USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN USE: CRAB [B1335] PRESENT [C0135] BRAZIL FTC: BR BRACKEN FERN branchiostegidae BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] FTC: B2450 USE: TILEFISH FAMILY [B1923] BT: FERN [B2453] brazil cherry UF: brake (plant) brandied USE: SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] UF: pteridium aquilinum USE: ALCOHOLATED [H0160] UF: pteris aquilina brazil nut branta spp. USE: BRAZILNUT [B1463] BRAIN USE: GOOSE [B1253] FTC: C0199 BRAZILIAN CATFISH BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER BRASILIAN GUAVA FTC: B2155 SYSTEMS [C0255] FTC: B2958 BT: LONG WHISKERED CAT- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FISH FAMILY [B1969] brain mushroom CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: brachyplatystoma vaillanti USE: BEEFSTEAK MOREL [B2446] brassica brazilian cocoa USE: MUSTARD [B2069] USE: GUARANA [B2063] BRAISED

42 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BRAZILIAN DUCKBILL FTC: B3019 FTC: B1928 breakfast squares BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] USE: MEAL REPLACEMENT PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: percophis brasiliensis [A0274] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 133 brazilian guava BREAM UF: INS 133 USE: PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] FTC: B1763 BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] BRILLIANT BLUE FCF ADDED BRAZILIAN PEPPER TREE UF: abramis brama FTC: H0444 FTC: B2347 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- bream, black sea EUROPEAN COMMU- PRODUCING PLANT USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B1179] [B1929] TARIUS [H0399] UF: christmas berry tree UF: E 133 added UF: schinus terebinthifolius BREAST (MEAT CUT) UF: INS 133 added FTC: Z0045 BRAZILNUT BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BRINE SHRIMP FTC: B1463 FTC: B2464 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BREAST (POULTRY MEAT CUT) BT: ANOSTRACA SHRIMP FAM- CAL NUT [B1022] FTC: Z0158 ILY [B2465] UF: bertholletia excelsa BT: CUT OF POULTRY MEAT UF: artemia salina UF: brazil nut [Z0156] UF: cream nut brined UF: para nut breast meat, poultry USE: PRESERVED BY BRINING USE: LIGHT MEAT [Z0004] [J0137] BREAD FTC: A0178 brehmia spinosa BRISKET BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] FTC: Z0020 SWEETENED [A0107] BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] UF: bun, roll, or bread brevoortia UF: roll, bun, or bread USE: MENHADEN [B1396] BRITISH COLUMBIA SN: Unsweetened bakery product FTC: CA02 that may be unleavened or brevoortia maculate chilcae BT: CANADA [CA] yeast-leavened and may be USE: PERUVIAN MENHADEN baked in various forms. Ex- [B2176] BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRI- cludes pie crust. TORY brevoortia patronus FTC: IO BREADED OR BATTER-COATED USE: GULF MENHADEN [B1848] BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FTC: H0188 [QS] BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] brevoortia tyrannus UF: batter-coated USE: ATLANTIC MENHADEN british virgin islands SN: Always used regardless of the [B1849] USE: VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH) level at which the coating in- [VG] gredients are reported. BRIDELIA FTC: B2839 BRITTLE BREADFRUIT BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: A0226 FTC: B1504 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: HARD CANDY [A0216] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: bridelia duvigneaudii UF: candy, brittle CAL FRUIT [B1024] SN: Flat hard candy to which is UF: artocarpus altilis bridelia duvigneaudii added nuts, usually peanuts. UF: artocarpus incisa USE: BRIDELIA [B2839] BROAD BEAN BREADNUT BRILL FTC: B1367 FTC: B1722 FTC: B2708 BT: VETCH [B2070] BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- UF: faba bean [B1062] ILY [B1879] UF: fava bean UF: scophthalmus rhombus UF: horse bean BREAKFAST CEREAL UF: vicia faba FTC: A0258 BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN BT: PREPARED GRAIN OR FTC: B3018 BROADLEAVED ENDIVE STARCH PRODUCT [A0106] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2942 UF: cereal, breakfast PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: ENDIVE [B1314] SN: Prepared grain product ready ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] or nearly ready for consump- UF: E 151 BROCCOFLOWER tion and marketed primarily UF: INS 151 FTC: B2600 for breakfast use. Includes BT: CAULIFLOWER [B1094] formulated breakfast cereals BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN SN: A hybrid cross between broc- such as 'corn flakes' or ADDED coli and cauliflower having 'cheerios' and simple break- FTC: H0443 milder taste than cauliflower fast cereals such as instant BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, and a light green color. oatmeal. Excludes rolled oats, EUROPEAN COMMU- corn grits and similar prod- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BROCCOFLOWER ucts, which are indexed under TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B2600 *MILLED GRAIN OR UF: E 151 added BT: BROCCOLI [B1443] STARCH PRODUCT*. See UF: INS 151 added SN: A hybrid cross between broc- also *MILLED GRAIN OR coli and cauliflower having STARCH PRODUCT*. BRILLIANT BLUE FCF LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 43

milder taste than cauliflower broth should be indexed as UF: crangon vulgaris and a light green color. the food source. UF: penaeus aztecus UF: penaeus californiensis BROCCOLI brown algae UF: penaeus canaliculatus FTC: B1443 USE: ALGAE, BROWN [B2395] BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- BROWN SHRIMP TABLE [B1005] brown and serve FTC: B2874 USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- BT: CRANGONID SHRIMP FAM- broccoli raab TREATED [F0018] ILY [B2574] USE: FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] UF: crangon crangon brown durra UF: crangon vulgaris BROILED OR GRILLED USE: DURRA, BROWN [B2622] UF: penaeus aztecus FTC: G0006 UF: penaeus californiensis BT: COOKED BY DRY HEAT BROWN FK UF: penaeus canaliculatus [G0004] FTC: B3020 UF: grilled BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BROWN SUGAR SN: Cooked without moisture PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: C0156 under or over intense direct ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SUCROSE [C0210] heat. UF: E 154 SN: Soft sugar whose crystals are UF: INS 154 covered by a film of refined broiler chicken dark syrup that imparts color, USE: BROILER OR FRYER BROWN FK ADDED flavor, and moisture. CHICKEN [B1198] FTC: H0445 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BROWN SUGAR ADDED BROILER OR FRYER CHICKEN EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0361 FTC: B1198 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: SUCROSE ADDED [H0158] BT: CHICKEN [B1457] TARIUS [H0399] SN: Used when brown sugar is UF: broiler chicken UF: E 154 added the second or third ingredient UF: fryer chicken UF: INS 154 added in order of predominance or if SN: A young chicken (usually 8-12 the brown sugar content is weeks or age), of either sex, BROWN HT known to 5% or more. that is tender-meated with FTC: B3021 soft, pliable, smooth- textured BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BROWN TROUT skin and flexible breastbone PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B1479 cartilage. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: TROUT [B1258] UF: E 155 UF: salmo trutta broken into large pieces UF: INS 155 UF: sea trout USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, UF: trout, brown THICKNESS >1.5 CM. BROWN HT ADDED [E0125] FTC: H0446 BROWNSPOTTED ROCKCOD BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2694 BROMATED EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: GROUPER [B1496] FTC: H0276 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: epinephelus chlorostigma BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY TARIUS [H0399] MODIFIED [H0130] UF: E 155 added BRUNEI DARUSSALAM UF: INS 155 added FTC: BN BROOK TROUT BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] FTC: B1077 BROWN MUSTARD BT: TROUT [B1258] FTC: B1092 brushed cheese rind UF: salvelinus fontinalis BT: MUSTARD [B2069] USE: CHEESE RIND, WASHED UF: speckled trout UF: brassica juncea OR BRUSHED [Z0072] UF: indian mustard broom druif UF: leaf mustard BRUSSELS SPROUT USE: WILD GRAPE [B2825] UF: mustard spinach FTC: B1611 UF: mustard, brown BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] brosme brosme UF: brassica oleracea var. gem- USE: CUSK [B2143] BROWN ROCK SHRIMP mifera FTC: B1098 brosmius brosme BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY bubalus USE: CUSK [B2143] [B1081] USE: BUFFALO [B1476] UF: sicyonia brevirostris BROTH OR STOCK bubalus bubalis FTC: C0170 BROWN SALT: NUTRIENT, DIE- USE: ASIAN WATER BUFFALO BT: MULTICOMPONENT EX- TARY SUPPLEMENT [B2095] TRACT, CONCENTRATE FTC: A0379 OR ISOLATE [C0159] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, buccinum spp. UF: stock CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: [B1633] UF: water extract of plant or ani- [A0351] mal AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- buckhorn (osmunda) SN: A water extract prepared by per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: CINNAMON FERN [B2017] simmering or steeping meat, 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 poultry, fish, shellfish or vege- BUCKWHEAT tables. Seasoning may be BROWN SHRIMP FTC: B1405 added. When the major in- FTC: B2874 BT: GRAIN [B1324] gredient is broth or broth- BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: fagopyrum esculentum based gravy the source of the [B1081] UF: fagopyrum sagittatum UF: crangon crangon

44 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BUCKWHEAT ADDED AI: Substance that contributes to BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] FTC: H0336 the volume of a foodstuff BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] without contributing signifi- bush bean SN: Used when buckwheat is the cantly to its available energy USE: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, second to fourth ingredient in value. European Council Di- EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR order of predominance, ex- rective 95/2/EC. [B1060] cluding water. BULKING AGENT BUSH MANGO BUD FTC: A0381 FTC: B2841 FTC: C0289 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS CAL FRUIT [B1024] EXCLUDING FRUIT AND [A0351] UF: cordyla africana SEED [C0144] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: cordyla pinnata AI: A small swelling per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome UF: cordyla richardii or projection on a plant, from 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 which a shoot, cluster of bushbutter , or flower develops USE: EBEN TREE [B2768] (Source: Webster's) USE: PLUM [B1662] bud (flower) BULLET TUNA USE: [B1259] USE: FLORET OR FLOWER FTC: B1930 [C0237] BT: TUNA [B1269] busycon spp. UF: auxis bisus USE: WHELK [B1633] BUFFALO UF: auxis rochei FTC: B1476 UF: scomber rochei BUTTER BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) FTC: C0179 [B1134] BULLHEAD CATFISH BT: CREAM OR CREAM COM- UF: bubalus FTC: B2007 PONENT [C0123] BT: CATFISH [B2620] SN: Cream component produced buffalo fish (catostomus) UF: ictalurus spp. by churning and containing USE: WHITE SUCKER [B2402] not less than 80% milkfat. BULLHEAD CATFISH FAMILY buffalo, american FTC: B1040 BUTTER USE: BISON [B2098] BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] FTC: C0179 UF: ictaluridae BT: FAT OR OIL [C0190] BUFFALOFISH SN: Cream component produced FTC: B1085 bullock's heart by churning and containing BT: SUCKER FAMILY [B1892] USE: CUSTARD APPLE [B1689] not less than 80% milkfat. UF: ictiobus spp. bumalo BUTTER ADDED BUFFERING AGENT USE: BOMBAY DUCK [B2499] FTC: H0271 FTC: A0380 BT: ANIMAL FAT OR OIL BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, bummalow ADDED [H0262] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: BOMBAY DUCK [B2499] SN: Used when butter is the sec- [A0351] ond or third ingredient in order AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- bun, roll, or bread of predominance, excluding per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: BREAD [A0178] water. 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BURBOT BUTTER BUR buglossidium luteum FTC: B1627 FTC: B1739 USE: YELLOW SOLE [B2489] BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- UF: lota lota TABLE [B1005] BULB UF: lota maculosa UF: fuki FTC: C0290 UF: petasites japonica BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB burdock root [C0238] USE: LAPPA [B1646] BUTTER CLAM AI: An underground FTC: B1065 bud that sends down roots BURDOCK, GOBO BT: CLAM [B1331] and consists of a very short FTC: B2889 UF: saxidomus giganteus stem covered with leafy BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: saxidomus purpuratus scales or layers, as in a lily, PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR onion or hyacinth (Source: BULB USED [B1018] BUTTER PRODUCT ANALOG Webster's) FTC: A0294 BURKINA FASO BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT bulb, root or tuber FTC: BF ANALOG [A0147] USE: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] UF: butter substitute [C0238] UF: upper volta UF: butter, imitation UF: imitation butter BULGARIA burlap bag SN: Food product having func- FTC: BG USE: TEXTILE OR FABRIC BAG tional characteristics similar to BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] [M0158] a butter product; it may be nu- tritionally equivalent or inferior BULKING AGENT burma to the product it purports to FTC: A0330 USE: MYANMAR [MM] resemble. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- CATION, EUROPEAN BURUNDI BUTTER SOLE COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: BI FTC: B1869 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 45

BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FAMILY [B1856] EUROPEAN COMMU- CACAO UF: sole, butter NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1318 TARIUS [H0399] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- butter substitute UF: E 320 added PRODUCING PLANT USE: BUTTER PRODUCT ANA- UF: INS 320 added [B1179] LOG [A0294] UF: theobroma cacao BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE butter, imitation (BHT) CACAO OR CHOCOLATE PROD- USE: BUTTER PRODUCT ANA- FTC: B3023 UCT LOG [A0294] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: A0272 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA BUTTERFISH ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [A0289] FTC: B1410 UF: E 321 UF: chocolate or cacao product BT: BUTTERFISH FAMILY UF: INS 321 SN: Any form of cacao, cacao [B1827] product, chocolate, chocolate UF: peprilus triacanthus BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE product or chocolate product (BHT) ADDED analog except chocolate BUTTERFISH FAMILY FTC: H0448 candy; includes such prod- FTC: B1827 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ucts as cacao beans, cacao BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] EUROPEAN COMMU- nibs, chocolate liquor, sweet UF: stromateidae NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- or milk chocolate, and choco- TARIUS [H0399] late syrup; excludes flavors BUTTERFLY COD UF: E 321 added and extracts derived from ca- FTC: B2868 UF: INS 321 added cao beans and chocolate- or BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY cacao-flavored foods (21 CFR [B1084] BUTYRATE CELLULOSE FILM 163). UF: pterois spp. FTC: M0324 BT: CELLULOSE FILM [M0322] CACAO OR CHOCOLATE PROD- BUTTERFLY MACKEREL UCT ANALOG FTC: B2314 butyrospermum parkii FTC: A0158 BT: MACKEREL [B1043] USE: SHEANUT [B1667] BT: CACAO OR CHOCOLATE UF: gasterochisma melampus PRODUCT [A0272] UF: gastoro byelorussia UF: chocolate or cacao product USE: BELARUS [BY] analog BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE SN: Food product having func- FTC: B2084 C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL tional characteristics, primar- BT: LETTUCE [B1390] FTC: C0116 ily taste, similar to those of a SN: Anatomical part of the plant or *CACAO OR CHOCOLATE BUTTERMILK animal from which the food PRODUCT*. Carob or artifi- FTC: C0216 product or its major ingredient cial chocolate flavor may re- BT: CREAM OR CREAM COM- is derived, e.g., *LEAF*, place chocolate or cocoa in PONENT [C0123] *ROOT OR TUBER*, the product. SN: The liquid remaining when *ORGAN MEAT*, *MILK* OR cream is churned into butter; **; it also includes com- cachucho may contain small butter ponents of parts, such as USE: QUEEN SNAPPER [B2151] globules. Not used for cul- *CREAM*, and extracts, con- tured buttermilk. centrates or isolates, such as cactaceae *PROTEIN EXTRACT* or USE: CACTUS [B2241] BUTTERNUT *SUGAR*. FTC: B1453 CACTUS BT: WALNUT [B1290] CABBAGE FTC: B2241 BT: WALNUT [B1290] FTC: B1406 BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT UF: juglans cinera BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] [B1140] UF: noix juglans cinera UF: brassica oleracea var. capi- UF: cactaceae tata BUTTERNUT SQUASH caelorinchus kaiyomaru FTC: B2509 cabbage, green USE: KAIYOMARU RATTAIL BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] USE: GREEN CABBAGE [B2071] [B2905] UF: cucurbita moschata var. but- ternut cabbage, red caesionidae USE: RED CABBAGE [B2072] USE: FUSILIER FAMILY [B2602] button USE: CAP, BUTTON [C0258] CABEZON CAFFEINE FREE CLAIM OR USE FTC: B1788 FTC: P0117 BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE BT: SCULPIN FAMILY [B1789] BT: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR (BHA) UF: scorpaenichthys marmoratus CONSTITUENT-RELATED FTC: B3022 CLAIM OR USE [P0115] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- cabocha squash UF: no caffeine claim or use PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: JAPANESE SQUASH ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B2523] caicos islands UF: E 320 USE: TURKS AND CAICOS IS- UF: INS 320 CACAO LANDS [TC] FTC: B1318 BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT caimito (BHA) ADDED [B1017] USE: STAR APPLE [B2036] FTC: H0447 UF: theobroma cacao

46 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus cajanus cajan UF: E 263 added USE: PIGEON PEA [B2010] UF: INS 263 added CALCIUM CARBONATE FTC: B3031 CAKE CALCIUM ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: A0210 FTC: H0162 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SWEETENED [A0135] SN: Used when calcium is added UF: E 170 SN: Sweetened bakery product to a food product at any level. UF: INS 170 that is leavened and baked. CALCIUM ALGINATE CALCIUM CARBONATE ADDED CALABASH GOURD FTC: B3027 FTC: H0456 FTC: B1720 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: GOURD [B1719] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: bottle gourd ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: lagenaria siceraria UF: E 404 TARIUS [H0399] UF: lagenaria vulgaris UF: INS 404 UF: E 170 added UF: INS 170 added calamari CALCIUM ALGINATE ADDED USE: SQUID [B1205] FTC: H0452 CALCIUM CHLORIDE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3032 CALAMONDIN EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2625 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: citrofortunella mitis UF: E 404 added UF: E 509 UF: panama orange UF: INS 404 added UF: INS 509

CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBON- CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE CALCIUM CHLORIDE ADDED ATE FTC: B3028 FTC: H0457 FTC: B3024 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 556 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 170 UF: INS 556 UF: E 509 added UF: INS 170 UF: INS 509 added CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBON- ADDED CALCIUM CYCLAMATE ATE ADDED FTC: H0453 FTC: B3033 FTC: H0449 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 952 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 556 added UF: INS 952 UF: E 170 added UF: INS 556 added UF: INS 170 added CALCIUM CYCLAMATE ADDED CALCIUM ASCORBATE FTC: H0458 CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES FTC: B3029 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3025 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 302 UF: E 952 added UF: E 634 UF: INS 302 UF: INS 952 added UF: INS 634 CALCIUM ASCORBATE ADDED CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES FTC: H0454 FTC: B3034 ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0450 EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 623 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 302 added UF: INS 623 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 302 added UF: E 634 added CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE ADDED UF: INS 634 added CALCIUM BENZOATE FTC: H0459 FTC: B3030 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CALCIUM ACETATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3026 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 213 UF: E 623 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 213 UF: INS 623 added UF: E 263 UF: INS 263 CALCIUM BENZOATE ADDED CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOS- FTC: H0455 PHATE CALCIUM ACETATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3035 FTC: H0451 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 213 added UF: E 450 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 213 added UF: INS 450 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 47

FTC: H0464 CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOS- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CALCIUM LACTATE PHATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3044 FTC: H0460 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 629 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 629 added UF: E 327 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 327 UF: E 450 added CALCIUM HYDROGEN MALATE UF: INS 450 added FTC: B3040 CALCIUM LACTATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0469 CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, DIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- (CALCIUM DISODIUM UF: E 352 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EDTA) UF: INS 352 TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3036 UF: E 327 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CALCIUM HYDROGEN MALATE UF: INS 327 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0465 CALCIUM MALATE UF: E 385 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3045 UF: INS 385 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENE TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] DIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE UF: E 352 added UF: E 352 (CALCIUM DISODIUM UF: INS 352 added UF: INS 352 EDTA) ADDED FTC: H0461 CALCIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE CALCIUM MALATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3041 FTC: H0470 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 385 added UF: E 227 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 385 added UF: INS 227 UF: E 352 added UF: INS 352 added CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE CALCIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE FTC: B3037 ADDED CALCIUM OXIDE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0466 FTC: B3046 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 538 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 538 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 529 UF: E 227 added UF: INS 529 CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE ADDED UF: INS 227 added FTC: H0462 CALCIUM OXIDE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE FTC: H0471 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3042 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 538 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 538 added UF: E 526 UF: E 529 added UF: INS 526 UF: INS 529 added CALCIUM GLUCONATE FTC: B3038 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATES BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0467 FTC: B3047 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 578 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 578 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 452 UF: E 526 added UF: INS 452 CALCIUM GLUCONATE ADDED UF: INS 526 added FTC: H0463 CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATES BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CALCIUM INOSINATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3043 FTC: H0472 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 578 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 578 added UF: E 633 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 633 UF: E 452 added CALCIUM GUANYLATE UF: INS 452 added FTC: B3039 CALCIUM INOSINATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0468 CALCIUM PROPIONATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3048 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 629 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 629 TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 633 added UF: E 282 CALCIUM GUANYLATE ADDED UF: INS 633 added UF: INS 282

48 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: macrocallista maculata CALCIUM PROPIONATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0473 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- CALICO SCALLOP BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B1945 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 482 added BT: SCALLOP [B1489] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 482 added UF: aequipecten gibbus TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 282 added CALCIUM SULPHATE CALIFORNIA UF: INS 282 added FTC: B3053 FTC: US06 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] calcium removed PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: DEMINERALIZED [H0137] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CALIFORNIA CORBINA UF: E 516 FTC: B1933 CALCIUM SACCHARIN UF: INS 516 BT: CORVINA [B2664] FTC: B3049 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CALCIUM SULPHATE ADDED CALIFORNIA HALIBUT PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0478 FTC: B1882 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- UF: E 954 EUROPEAN COMMU- ILY [B1879] UF: INS 954 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: halibut, california TARIUS [H0399] UF: paralichthys californicus CALCIUM SACCHARIN ADDED UF: E 516 added FTC: H0474 UF: INS 516 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1046 EUROPEAN COMMU- CALCIUM SULPHITE BT: MUSSEL [B1223] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3054 UF: mytilus californianus TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 954 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH UF: INS 954 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1417 UF: E 226 BT: NEEDLEFISH FAMILY CALCIUM SILICATE UF: INS 226 [B1887] FTC: B3050 UF: belone belone BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CALCIUM SULPHITE ADDED UF: garfish PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0479 UF: needlefish, california ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: strongylura exilis UF: E 552 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 552 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- california pepper TARIUS [H0399] USE: ANAHEIM PEPPER [B2549] CALCIUM SILICATE ADDED UF: E 226 added FTC: H0475 UF: INS 226 added CALIFORNIA PILCHARD BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2294 EUROPEAN COMMU- CALCIUM TARTRATE BT: SARDINE [B1558] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3055 UF: sardinops caerula TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 552 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX CALIFORNIA VALENCIA ORANGE UF: INS 552 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1056 UF: E 354 BT: ORANGE [B1339] CALCIUM SORBATE UF: INS 354 FTC: B3051 CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CALCIUM TARTRATE ADDED FTC: B1779 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0480 BT: YELLOWTAIL [B1534] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: seriola dorsalis UF: E 203 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: yellowtail, california UF: INS 203 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] callinectes sapidus CALCIUM SORBATE ADDED UF: E 354 added USE: BLUE CRAB [B1648] FTC: H0476 UF: INS 354 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- CALF USE: VENUS CLAM [B2890] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1349 TARIUS [H0399] BT: CATTLE [B1161] callorhynchidae UF: E 203 added UF: veal USE: PLOWNOSE CHIMERA UF: INS 203 added FAMILY [B2268] calf and cattle and swine CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND callorhynchus millii LACTYLATE CALF [B1000] USE: ELEPHANT FISH [B2269] FTC: B3052 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- calf and swine calocarpum sapota PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SWINE AND CALF [B2242] USE: SAPOTE [B1694] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 482 calf and swine and cattle CALORIE FREE FOOD UF: INS 482 USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND FTC: P0055 CALF [B1000] BT: NO OR REDUCED CALO- CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- RIES CLAIM OR USE LACTYLATE ADDED CALICO CLAM [P0066] FTC: H0477 FTC: B2319 SN: Food having less than 5 calo- BT: CLAM [B1331] ries per amount customarily LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 49

consumed. Calorie amount is CANE SYRUP ADDED not defined for meals or main cancer magister FTC: H0283 dishes. USE: DUNGENESS CRAB [B1180] BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED CALORIE SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [H0280] FTC: P0045 USE: EDIBLE ROCK CRAB SN: Used when cane syrup is the BT: NUTRITION-RELATED [B1960] second or third ingredient in CLAIM OR USE [P0065] order of predominance or if SN: All narrower term definitions cancridae the cane syrup content is extracted from 58 Federal USE: ROCK CRAB FAMILY known to be 5% or more. Register 2302, January 6, [B2351] 1993, part 101.60(b). cangrejos CANDELILLA WAX USE: LAND CRAB FAMILY CALYX FTC: B3056 [B2342] FTC: C0276 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FLORET OR FLOWER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX canister [C0237] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CAN [M0204] UF: E 902 cambodia UF: INS 902 cannabis sativa USE: KAMPUCHEA [KH] USE: MARIHUANA PLANT [B2323] CANDELILLA WAX ADDED CAMEL FTC: H0481 canned (packed in a can) FTC: B2103 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: CAN [M0204] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1134] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- canned (sterilized and hermetically UF: camelus spp. TARIUS [H0399] packed) UF: E 902 added USE: STERILIZED BY HEAT camellia sinensis UF: INS 902 added [J0123] USE: TEA [B1623] CANDIED CANNER GRADE camellia thea FTC: H0182 FTC: Z0016 USE: TEA [B1623] BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. MODIFIED [H0130] [Z0007] camelus spp. SN: Food dictonary--used for USE: CAMEL [B2103] whole fruit or pieces of fruit CANTALOUPE that have been permeated by FTC: B1471 CAMEROON sugar to result in a product BT: MELON [B1283] FTC: CM with sugar solids over 70% UF: cucumis melo BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] (e.g., candied citrus peel or candied cherry). Not used for cantharellus cibarius CAN sugar-coated products or for USE: CHANTERELLE [B1569] FTC: M0204 such products as candied BT: CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR sweet potatoes or glazed car- CANTHAXANTHIN [M0194] rots, which are merely sweet- FTC: B3057 UF: canister ened by cooking in syrup. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: canned (packed in a can) PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX candied fruit added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR USE: DRIED OR CANDIED FRUIT UF: E 161g FTC: M0194 ADDED [H0364] UF: INS 161g BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- PING BY FORM [M0195] CANDY CANTHAXANTHIN ADDED UF: bottle, jar or can FTC: A0204 FTC: H0482 UF: jar, bottle or can BT: CONFECTIONERY [A0188] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Food product prepared by EUROPEAN COMMU- CANADA heating a mixture of sweeten- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: CA ers and other optional ingre- TARIUS [H0399] BT: [QT] dients according to the spe- UF: E 161g added cific formula for each sub- UF: INS 161g added canadian pike group. USE: SAUGER [B1670] CANTHIUM candy, brittle FTC: B2798 canarium ovatum USE: BRITTLE [A0226] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: PILI TREE [B1289] CAL FRUIT [B1024] candy, caramel UF: canthium crassum canarium schweinfurthii USE: CARAMEL CANDY [A0173] USE: INCENSE TREE [B2840] canthium crassum candy, chocolate USE: CANTHIUM [B2798] CANARY ROCKFISH USE: CHOCOLATE CANDY FTC: B1774 [A0288] caolcarpum mammosum BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY USE: SAPOTE [B1694] [B1084] candy, fondant UF: rockfish, canary USE: FONDANT [A0244] CAP, BUTTON UF: sebastes pinniger FTC: C0258 cane apple BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, cancer irroratus USE: STRAWBERRY TREE EXCLUDING FRUIT AND USE: ATLANTIC ROCK CRAB [B2761] SEED [C0144] [B2350] UF: button

50 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SN: The round upper portion of a USE: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED USE: YELLOW JACK [B2384] mushroom. [B1250] caranx crysos CAPARACON capsicum annum USE: BLUE RUNNER [B1778] FTC: Z0123 USE: PEPPER [B1531] BT: QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] caranx latus SN: This corresponds approxi- USE: HORSE-EYE JACK [B2178] mately to the U.S. cuts of USE: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED meat known as 'brisket', [B1250] caranx ruber 'shortplate' and 'flank'. USE: BAR JACK [B2335] capsicum annuum var. longum CAPE GOOSEBERRY USE: PAPRIKA [B1353] CARAWAY FTC: B1684 FTC: B1549 BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- capsicum annuum, cerasiforme group BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BLE [B1006] USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] PRODUCING PLANT UF: groundcherry, peruvian [B1179] UF: physalis peruviana capsicum annuum, conoides group UF: carum carvi UF: poha USE: CONE PEPPER [B2632] UF: cumin des pres UF: kummel CAPE HAKE capsicum annuum, fasciculatum FTC: B2141 group caraway, black BT: WHITING [B1640] USE: CLUSTER PEPPER [B2635] USE: CUMIN, BLACK [B1176] UF: merluccius capensis UF: south african hake capsicum annuum, longum group CARBAMIDE UF: stock fish USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] FTC: B3058 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CAPE SPINY LOBSTER capsicum chile pepper PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2166 USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY UF: E 927b [B2163] UF: INS 927b UF: jasus lalandii USE: [B2636] UF: panulirus lalandii CARBAMIDE ADDED capsicum frutescens var. grossum FTC: H0483 CAPE VERDE USE: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: CV PEPPER [B2628] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [QO] CAPSULE TARIUS [H0399] FTC: M0207 UF: E 927b added CAPELIN BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- UF: INS 927b added FTC: B1903 PING BY FORM [M0195] BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] CARBAMIDE-FORMALDEHYDE UF: mallotus villosus CARAMBOLA CONTAINER FTC: B1686 FTC: M0386 CAPER BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: AMIN RESIN CONTAINER FTC: B1247 CAL FRUIT [B1024] [M0384] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: averrhoa carambola PRODUCING PLANT UF: star fruit CARBOHYDRATE [B1179] FTC: C0152 UF: capparis spinosa caramel added BT: CARBOHYDRATE OR RE- USE: CARAMELIZED SUGAR LATED COMPOUND [C0280] capitan ADDED [H0360] SN: Extract, concentrate or isolate USE: HOGFISH [B2482] high in sugar, oligosaccharide CARAMEL CANDY or polysaccharide. CAPON FTC: A0173 FTC: B1711 BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] CARBOHYDRATE ADDED BT: CHICKEN [B1457] UF: candy, caramel FTC: H0209 SN: A surgically unsexed male SN: Candy prepared by heating BT: CARBOHYDRATE OR RE- chicken (usually under 8 together sugar, corn syrup, fat LATED COMPOUND ADDED months of age) that is tender- and cream or milk to 240-250 [H0301] meated with soft, pliable, degrees F. SN: Use the appropriate narrower smooth-textured skin. term, *SUGAR OR SUGAR CARAMELIZED SUGAR ADDED SYRUP ADDED*, capparis spinosa FTC: H0360 *POLYSACCHARIDE USE: CAPER [B1247] BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ADDED* OR ADDED [H0136] *OLIGOSACCHARIDE capra hircus UF: caramel added ADDED* when a refined car- USE: GOAT [B1328] SN: Used when caramelized bohydrate is added at the sugar is the second or third level specified. When an un- caprodon schlegelii ingredient in order of pre- refined food product high in USE: GROUPER [B1496] dominance or if the caramel- carbohydrate is added, use ized sugar content is known the appropriate term under caprolactan container to be 5% or more. *FOOD ADDED*. USE: NYLON 6,6 CONTAINER [M0362] carangidae CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTED USE: JACK FAMILY [B1755] FTC: H0256 capsicum caranx bartholomaei LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 51

BT: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, CARBONATING AGENT SINGLE COMPONENT FTC: A0382 CARDOON [H0230] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B1727 UF: yeast leavened CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING [A0351] PLANT, MOST PARTS CARBOHYDRATE OR RELATED AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USED [B1058] COMPOUND per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome UF: cynara cardunculus FTC: C0280 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE CARIBBEAN ISLANDS OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE FTC: QO01 ANIMAL [C0228] FTC: B3060 BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [QO] CARBOHYDRATE OR RELATED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX COMPOUND ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CARIBBEAN RED SNAPPER FTC: H0301 UF: E 466 FTC: B2150 BT: INGREDIENT ADDED UF: INS 466 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] [H0225] UF: lutjanus purpureus SN: Used when a carbohydrate or CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE related compound is the sec- ADDED CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER ond ingredient in order of pre- FTC: H0485 FTC: B2164 dominance, is used as a fill- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY ing, or is part of the product EUROPEAN COMMU- [B2163] name. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: florida lobster TARIUS [H0399] UF: panulirus argus CARBOHYDRATE REMOVED UF: E 466 added FTC: H0266 UF: INS 466 added CARIBOU BT: COMPONENT REMOVED FTC: B1509 [H0238] CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE BT: DEER FAMILY [B1500] ADDED UF: rangifer arcticus CARBOHYDRATE-PRODUCING FTC: H0374 PLANT BT: CELLULOSE DERIVATIVE carica papaya FTC: B1048 ADDED [H0372] USE: PAPAYA [B1249] BT: PLANT USED FOR PRO- SN: Used when carboxymethyl DUCING EXTRACT OR cellulose is added at any carica pentagona CONCENTRATE [B1013] level. USE: BABACO [B2797]

CARBON DIOXIDE carcharhinidae carissa edulis FTC: B3059 USE: REQUIEM SHARK FAMILY USE: ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1916] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX carissa edulis var. candolleana ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CARDAMOM USE: ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] UF: E 290 FTC: B1665 UF: INS 290 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- carissa edulis var. cornifolia PRODUCING PLANT USE: ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] carbon dioxide added [B1179] USE: CARBONATED [H0175] UF: elettaris cardamomum carissa edulis var. tomentosa USE: ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] CARBON DIOXIDE ADDED cardboard box FTC: H0484 USE: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER CARMINE CUSK-EEL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [M0156] FTC: B2379 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- cardboard container UF: genypterus reedi TARIUS [H0399] USE: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER UF: E 290 added [M0156] CARNAUBA WAX UF: INS 290 added FTC: B3061 cardboard container BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CARBONATED USE: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0175 [M0156] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE UF: E 903 INGREDIENT ADDED CARDINALFISH UF: INS 903 [H0117] FTC: B2936 UF: carbon dioxide added BT: CARDINALFISH FAMILY CARNAUBA WAX ADDED SN: Used when carbon dioxide is [B2886] FTC: H0486 added or introduced by proc- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, essing. Excludes naturally CARDINALFISH FAMILY EUROPEAN COMMU- carbonated water, which is FTC: B2886 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- indexed under food source BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] TARIUS [H0399] *MINERAL WATER*. UF: apogonidae UF: E 903 added UF: INS 903 added CARBONATED BY FERMENTATION cardium aculeata FTC: H0246 USE: SPINY [B1964] CAROB ADDED BT: CARBONATED [H0175] FTC: H0267 SN: Used when carbon dioxide cardium echinatum BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR produced by fermentation re- USE: SPINY COCKLE [B1964] HERB ADDED, NATURAL mains noticeable in the food [H0229] product. cardium spp. SN: Used when carob is added to USE: COCKLE [B1317] a food product at any level.

52 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B2927 CAROB BEAN TARIUS [H0399] BT: BACTERIA [B2846] FTC: B1366 UF: E 407 added SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., BT: HEMICELLULOSE- UF: INS 407 added 1992, v. II, p.1785. PRODUCING PLANT [B1014] carrang caryophyllus UF: ceratonia siliqua USE: BAR JACK [B2335] USE: CLOVE [B1255] UF: locust bean CARRIER CASABA MELON CAROB BEAN FTC: A0383 FTC: B1102 FTC: B1366 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: MELON [B1283] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS PRODUCING PLANT [A0351] CASCABEL PEPPER [B1179] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B2552 UF: ceratonia siliqua per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] UF: locust bean 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: pepper, cascabel UF: sleigh bell pepper CAROB BEAN GUM ADDED CARRIER SOLVENT FTC: H0377 FTC: A0384 CASCARA SAGRADA BT: SEED GUM ADDED [H0376] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B2340 UF: locust bean gum added CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT SN: Used when carob bean gum [A0351] [B1140] (locust bean gum) is added to AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: rhamnus purshiana a food at any level. per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 case CAROB COATED OR COVERED USE: BOX [M0213] FTC: H0357 CARRIER, INCLUDING CARRIER BT: COATED OR COVERED SOLVENT CASEIN [H0353] FTC: A0331 FTC: C0180 UF: coated or covered with carob BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- BT: PROTEIN EXTRACT, CON- SN: Used for foods that have a CATION, EUROPEAN CENTRATE OR ISOLATE coating or icing made from COMMUNITY [A0324] [C0236] carob. AI: Substance used to dissolve, SN: Extract, concentrate or isolate dilute, disperse or otherwise high in casein, the predomi- CAROTENES ADDED physically modify a food addi- nant protein of milk. FTC: H0317 tive without altering its tech- BT: COLOR ADDED [H0150] nological function (and with- CASEIN RESIN out exerting any technological FTC: M0321 CAROTENES ADDED effect themselves) in order to BT: NATURAL POLYMER CON- FTC: H0317 facilitate its handling, applica- TAINER [M0320] BT: VITAMIN A OR CARO- tion or use. European Council TENES ADDED [H0213] Directive 95/2/EC. CASHEW FTC: B1221 CARP CARROT BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2617 FTC: B1227 CAL NUT [B1022] BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: anacardium occidentale [B1921] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: cashew apple BULB USED [B1018] CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY UF: baby carrot cashew apple FTC: B1921 UF: daucus carota USE: CASHEW [B1221] BT: FISH, CYPRINIFORM [B1594] carrot and pea CASSAVA UF: cyprinidae USE: PEA AND CARROT [B1613] FTC: B1352 UF: minnow family BT: STARCH-PRODUCING carthamus tinctorius PLANT [B1016] carp, silver USE: SAFFLOWER [B1548] UF: manihot esculenta USE: SILVER CARP [B2254] UF: yuca carton CARRAGEENAN USE: BOX [M0213] CASSAVA FTC: B3062 FTC: B1352 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- carum carvi BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: CARAWAY [B1549] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BULB USED [B1018] UF: E 407 carum copticum UF: manihot esculenta UF: INS 407 USE: AJOWAN [B2515] UF: yuca

CARRAGEENAN ADDED carya illinoinensis cassia FTC: H0386 USE: PECAN [B1320] USE: CINNAMON [B1472] BT: SEAWEED EXTRACT ADDED [H0383] carya pecan cassia spp. SN: Used when carrageenan is USE: PECAN [B1320] USE: SENNA [B2056] added to a food at any level. carya spp. CASSIA, BATAVIA CARRAGEENAN ADDED USE: HICKORY [B1553] FTC: B1556 FTC: H0487 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CARYOPHANALES USED AS FOOD PRODUCING PLANT EUROPEAN COMMU- SOURCE [B1179] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 53

FTC: B2046 UF: goat and sheep and cow cassia, chinese BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: sheep and cattle and goat USE: CINNAMON, CHINESE PRODUCING PLANT UF: sheep and goat and cow [B1572] [B1179] UF: cataria CATTLE AND SWINE cassia, saigon UF: nepeta cataria FTC: B1105 USE: CINNAMON, SAIGON BT: SWINE [B1136] [B1590] catostomidae UF: beef and pork USE: SUCKER FAMILY [B1892] UF: swine and cattle castagnole USE: POMFRET FAMILY [B1938] catostomus commersoni CATTLE AND SWINE USE: WHITE SUCKER [B2402] FTC: B1105 castanea sativa BT: CATTLE [B1161] USE: EUROPEAN CHESTNUT CATTLE UF: beef and pork [B1584] FTC: B1161 UF: swine and cattle BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) castanea spp. [B1134] CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF USE: CHESTNUT [B1544] FTC: B1000 CATTLE AND GOAT BT: SWINE [B1136] castanospermum australe FTC: B2245 UF: beef and pork and veal USE: MORETON BAY CHESTNUT BT: CATTLE [B1161] UF: calf and cattle and swine [B2133] UF: cow and goat UF: calf and swine and cattle UF: goat and cattle UF: swine and cattle and calf CASTOR BEAN UF: goat and cow FTC: B1703 CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT CATTLE AND GOAT FTC: B1000 [B1017] FTC: B2245 BT: CATTLE [B1161] UF: ricinus communis BT: GOAT [B1328] UF: beef and pork and veal UF: cow and goat UF: calf and cattle and swine castor canadensis UF: goat and cattle UF: calf and swine and cattle USE: BEAVER [B1325] UF: goat and cow UF: swine and cattle and calf

CAT FOOD CATTLE AND LAMB CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF FTC: P0028 FTC: B2396 FTC: B1000 BT: PET FOOD [P0029] BT: CATTLE [B1161] BT: CALF [B1349] UF: beef and pork and veal cat thorn CATTLE AND LAMB UF: calf and cattle and swine USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] FTC: B2396 UF: calf and swine and cattle BT: LAMB [B1669] UF: swine and cattle and calf cataria USE: CATNIP [B2046] CATTLE AND SHEEP CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP FTC: B2244 FTC: B2243 CATFISH BT: CATTLE [B1161] BT: SWINE [B1136] FTC: B2620 UF: cow and sheep UF: sheep and cattle and swine BT: BULLHEAD CATFISH FAM- UF: sheep and cattle UF: swine and cattle and sheep ILY [B1040] UF: sheep and cow CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP catfish, blue CATTLE AND SHEEP FTC: B2243 USE: BLUE CATFISH [B1900] FTC: B2244 BT: CATTLE [B1161] BT: SHEEP [B1183] UF: sheep and cattle and swine catfish, channel UF: cow and sheep UF: swine and cattle and sheep USE: CHANNEL CATFISH [B1899] UF: sheep and cattle UF: sheep and cow CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP catfish, flathead FTC: B2243 USE: FLATHEAD CATFISH CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT BT: SHEEP [B1183] [B2582] FTC: B2247 UF: sheep and cattle and swine BT: CATTLE [B1161] UF: swine and cattle and sheep catfish, yellow bullhead UF: cow and sheep and goat USE: YELLOW BULLHEAD UF: goat and cattle and sheep CATTLE FEED [B2607] UF: goat and sheep and cow FTC: P0019 UF: sheep and cattle and goat BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] CATJANG BEAN UF: sheep and goat and cow FTC: B1919 CAULIFLOWER BT: COWPEA [B1200] CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT FTC: B1094 UF: bombay cowpea FTC: B2247 BT: FLORET USED AS VEGE- UF: catjung BT: SHEEP [B1183] TABLE [B1036] UF: dolichos unguiculata UF: cow and sheep and goat UF: brassica oleracea var. botrytis UF: vigna cylindrica UF: goat and cattle and sheep (cauliflower) UF: vigna unguiculata UF: goat and sheep and cow UF: sheep and cattle and goat caulolatilus spp. catjang pea UF: sheep and goat and cow USE: TILEFISH [B1520] USE: PIGEON PEA [B2010] CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL catjung FTC: B2247 FTC: B3063 USE: CATJANG BEAN [B1919] BT: GOAT [B1328] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: cow and sheep and goat PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX CATNIP UF: goat and cattle and sheep ALIMENTARIUS [B2972]

54 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: E 150b SN: Ca: thermoplastic material centrarchidae UF: INS 150b made by the esterification of USE: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] cellulose with acetic anhy- CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL dride and acetic acid. centrolophidae ADDED USE: RUFF FAMILY [B2679] FTC: H0488 CELLULOSE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0218 centrolophus niger EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED USE: BLACK RUFF [B2895] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [H0120] TARIUS [H0399] SN: Used when cellulose is the centropomidae UF: E 150b added second to fifth ingredient in USE: SNOOK FAMILY [B1824] UF: INS 150b added order of predominance or when cellulose content is centropomus undecimalis cayenne cherry known to be above 5%. USE: COMMON SNOOK [B1825] USE: SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] CELLULOSE DERIVATIVE ADDED centropristis FTC: H0372 USE: SEA BASS [B2180] USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] BT: STABILIZER ADDED [H0368] centropristis striata CAYMAN ISLANDS SN: Used when a cellulose deriva- USE: BLACK SEA BASS [B1438] FTC: KY tive (e.g., carboxymethyl cel- BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS lulose, microcrystalline cellu- CENTURY PLANT [QO01] lose, etc.) is added to a food FTC: B2002 at any level. BT: AGAVE [B1535] cebidae UF: agave americana USE: MONKEY [B2439] CELLULOSE FILM UF: agave atrovirens FTC: M0322 UF: american aloe cebolla BT: NATURAL POLYMER CON- UF: maguey USE: ONION [B1300] TAINER [M0320] CELERIAC CELLULOSE-PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2116 FTC: B1729 FTC: B1015 BT: MOLLUSK [B2112] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: POLYSACCHARIDE- UF: cephalopoda PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR PRODUCING PLANT BULB USED [B1018] [B1009] cephalopoda UF: apium graveolens rapaceum UF: fiber-producing plant USE: CEPHALOPOD [B2116] UF: celery root CELTUCE CERAMIC CELERY FTC: B1728 FTC: N0038 FTC: B1282 BT: LETTUCE [B1390] BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- UF: asparagus lettuce FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- TABLE [B1005] UF: lactuca sativa var. asparagina TERIAL [N0051] UF: apium graveolens var. dulce UF: lactuca sativa var. augustana CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE CELERY c-enamel BOTTLE FTC: B1282 USE: CORN ENAMEL (C- FTC: M0114 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- ENAMEL) [N0030] BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- PRODUCING PLANT WARE CONTAINER [M0116] [B1179] centella asiatica UF: apium graveolens var. dulce USE: ASIATIC PENNYWORT CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE [B2442] BOTTLE, COLOURED celery cabbage FTC: M0264 USE: CHINESE OR CELERY central africa BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- CABBAGE [B1051] USE: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] WARE BOTTLE [M0114] celery root CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE USE: CELERIAC [B1729] FTC: CF BOTTLE, UNCOLOURED BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] FTC: M0265 celisia argentea BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- USE: FEATHER COCKSCOMB CENTRAL AMERICA WARE BOTTLE [M0114] [B2158] FTC: QP BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE cellana denticulata AND REGIONS [QX] CONTAINER USE: [B2279] SN: Foods found in this section FTC: M0116 include those common to all BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- CELLOPHANE Central American countries. PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] FTC: N0031 These countries include Be- BT: LATEX [N0054] lize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE Guatamala, Honduras, Nica- CROCK OR JAR CELLULOSE ragua and Panama. See FTC: M0115 FTC: C0220 these individual country list- BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- BT: POLYSACCHARIDE [C0153] ings for additional food WARE CONTAINER [M0116] names. CELLULOSE ACETATE CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE FTC: N0034 central asia JAR, COLOURED BT: PLASTIC [N0036] USE: ASIA, CENTRAL [QN01] FTC: M0266

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 55

BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- CHAMOIS WARE CROCK OR JAR FTC: B2698 cheese food, cold-pack [M0115] BT: ANTELOPE [B1481] USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE UF: rupicapra rupicapra FOOD [A0126] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE JAR, UNCOLOURED CHAMOMILE CHEESE HARDNESS CLASS (CO- FTC: M0267 FTC: B2045 DEX) BT: CERAMIC OR EARTHEN- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: A0315 WARE CROCK OR JAR PRODUCING PLANT BT: CURED CHEESE [A0168] [M0115] [B1179] CHEESE HARDNESS CLASS (U.S.) ceratonia siliqua chanidae FTC: A0316 USE: CAROB BEAN [B1366] USE: MILKFISH FAMILY [B2548] BT: CURED CHEESE [A0168] cereal, breakfast channa CHEESE OR CHEESE PRODUCT USE: BREAKFAST CEREAL USE: STRIPED SNAKEHEAD FTC: A0115 [A0258] [B2307] BT: DAIRY PRODUCT [A0164] SN: Natural cheese, cured or CEREALS AND CEREAL PROD- CHANNEL CATFISH uncured, cheese product UCTS FTC: B1899 (which is further processed), FTC: A0457 BT: CATFISH [B2620] or cheese product analog. AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 UF: catfish, channel UF: ictalurus punctatus CHEESE PRODUCT ANALOG CEREALS AND CEREAL PROD- FTC: A0128 UCTS channidae BT: CHEESE OR CHEESE FTC: A0631 USE: SNAKEHEAD FAMILY PRODUCT [A0115] AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 [B2309] UF: cheese substitute UF: cheese, imitation CERTIFIED COLOR ADDED chanos chanos UF: imitation cheese FTC: H0133 USE: MILKFISH [B1909] SN: Food product having func- BT: COLOR ADDED [H0150] tional characteristics similar to SN: Used when a color that must CHANTERELLE those of cheese or cheese be certified by batch as safe FTC: B1569 product; it may be nutritionally to use is added at any level. BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] equivalent or inferior to the UF: cantharellus cibarius product it purports to resem- cervidae ble. The ingredients may or USE: DEER FAMILY [B1500] CHAPARRAL may not be milk-based. An FTC: B2047 example is a cheese-like cervinumida johni BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- product made from skim milk USE: LANGOSTINO AMARILLO PRODUCING PLANT and vegetable oil. [B2206] [B1179] UF: larrea mexicana cheese product, cold-pack cervus elaphus UF: larrea tridentata USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE USE: ELK [B1292] PRODUCT [A0116] char, alpine cervus nippon USE: ARCTIC CHAR [B1332] CHEESE RIND, ARTIFICIAL USE: SIKA DEER [B1621] FTC: Z0148 CHARCOAL BROILED BT: TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST cervus spp. FTC: G0007 [Z0071] USE: DEER [B1583] BT: BROILED OR GRILLED UF: artificial cheese rind [G0006] cetraria islandica SN: Cooked without moisture over CHEESE RIND, MOLDY USE: ICELAND MOSS [B2346] direct heat from a charcoal FTC: Z0073 fire. BT: TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST ceylon [Z0071] USE: SRI LANKA [LK] CHAYOTE UF: mold cheese rind FTC: B1730 UF: mold rind CHA OM BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- FTC: B2455 BLE [B1006] CHEESE RIND, NATURAL BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: christophine FTC: Z0147 UF: acacia insuavis UF: mirliton BT: TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST UF: sechium edule [Z0071] CHAA PHLUU UF: natural cheese rind FTC: B2457 cheek and head trimmings BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] CHEESE RIND, WASHED OR BRUSHED CHAD cheek meat FTC: Z0072 FTC: TD USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] BT: TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] [Z0071] CHEESE ADDED UF: brushed cheese rind CHAIN PICKEREL FTC: H0143 UF: washed or brushed cheese FTC: B2334 BT: DAIRY PRODUCT ADDED rind BT: PIKE FAMILY [B1826] [H0242] UF: eastern pickerel SN: Used when cheese is the cheese substitute UF: esox niger second to fourth ingredient in USE: CHEESE PRODUCT ANA- UF: esox reticulatus order of predominance, ex- LOG [A0128] cluding water.

56 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus cheese, club UF: pepper, hot cherry UF: gallus domesticus USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE [A0280] CHERRY PLUM chicle tree FTC: B1676 USE: SAPODILLA [B1693] cheese, cold-pack BT: PLUM [B1206] USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE UF: prunus cerasifera CHICORY [A0280] FTC: B1552 CHERRY SALMON BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] cheese, cured FTC: B1108 UF: belgian endive USE: CURED CHEESE [A0168] BT: SALMON [B2250] UF: cichorium intybus UF: masou salmon UF: monk's beard cheese, extra hard (codex) UF: oncorhynchus masou UF: witloof chicory USE: EXTRA HARD CHEESE (CODEX) [A0310] cherry tomato chicozapote USE: MINIATURE TOMATO USE: SAPODILLA [B1693] cheese, imitation [B1608] USE: CHEESE PRODUCT ANA- CHILE LOG [A0128] cherrystone clam FTC: CL USE: NORTHERN QUAHOG BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] cheilodactylidae [B1068] USE: MORWONG FAMILY [B2546] chile pepper CHERVIL USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] cheilodactylus bergi FTC: B1444 USE: MORWONG [B2366] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CHILEAN CROAKER PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B1814 chelidonichthys kumu [B1179] BT: CORVINA [B2664] USE: BLUEFIN SEAROBIN UF: anthriscus cerefolium UF: chilean grunt [B2249] UF: cilus montii CHESTNUT chelonia FTC: B1544 chilean grunt USE: TURTLE [B1242] BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT USE: CHILEAN CROAKER [B1062] [B1814] chelonia mydas UF: castanea spp. USE: GREEN TURTLE [B2412] CHILEAN HAKE CHEWING GUM FTC: B2643 CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE FTC: A0176 BT: WHITING [B1640] FTC: B1041 BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] [A0289] CHILEAN PILCHARD SN: Used when the food product SN: An elastic substance flavored FTC: B2192 is derived from a nonliving and used for chewing; it may BT: SARDINE [B1558] source (e.g., salt, water or be sweetened with a nutritive UF: sardinops sagax sagax synthesized compounds). or nonnutritive sweetener. chili de ristra pepper CHEMICAL LEAVENING AGENT CHEWING GUM BASE USE: NEW MEXICO RED PEP- ADDED FTC: A0385 PER [B2558] FTC: H0351 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: INGREDIENT ADDED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [H0225] [A0351] USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] UF: baking powder added AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: baking soda added per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome chili verde pepper 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: ANAHEIM PEPPER [B2549] chenopodium album USE: LAMB'S QUARTER [B1681] CHIA CHILIPEPPER (FISH) FTC: B1723 FTC: B1769 chenopodium ambrosioides BT: GRAIN OR SEED- BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY USE: MEXICAN TEA [B2058] PRODUCING PLANT [B1084] [B1047] UF: sebastes goodei CHERIMOYA UF: salvia chia FTC: B1687 UF: salvia columbariae chimaera monstrosa BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: RATFISH [B2878] CAL FRUIT [B1024] chichorium endivia UF: annona cherimola USE: ENDIVE [B1314] chimaeridae USE: SHORTNOSE CHIMAERA CHERRY chick bean FAMILY [B2882] FTC: B1306 USE: GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] CHIMAEROID POISONING chick pea FTC: CHFP CHERRY PEPPER USE: GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: B2556 BT: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- CHICKASAW PLUM CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF ETY [B2633] FTC: B2743 FTC: CN UF: bird cherry pepper BT: PLUM [B1206] BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] UF: capsicum annuum, cerasi- UF: peoples republic of china forme group CHICKEN UF: creole cherry pepper FTC: B1457 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF UF: hot cherry pepper BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD FTC: TW UF: hungarian cherry pepper [B1563] BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 57

UF: formosa chinese parsley UF: republic of china USE: CORIANDER [B1381] chionoecetes angulatus UF: taiwan USE: TRIANGLE TANNER CRAB chinese pea [B2224] CHINABERRY USE: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- FTC: B2157 VARS [B1031] chionoecetes japonicus BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING USE: JAPANESE SPIDER CRAB PLANT [B1579] chinese pear [B2225] UF: melia azedarach USE: SAND PEAR [B1523] UF: sadao chionoecetes oplio CHINESE PRESERVING MELON USE: SNOW CRAB [B1497] CHINESE ARTICHOKE FTC: B1616 FTC: B2965 BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR chionoecetes tanneri BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PUMPKIN [B2091] USE: GROOVED TANNER CRAB PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: ash gourd [B2223] BULB USED [B1018] UF: benincasa ceriflora UF: benincasa hispida CHIVE chinese banana UF: chinese watermelon FTC: B1294 USE: DWARF BANANA [B1559] UF: dung gwa BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: kundur PRODUCING PLANT chinese butternut UF: tunka [B1179] USE: CHINESE WALNUT [B2616] UF: wax gourd UF: allium schoenoprasum UF: white gourd chinese cabbage UF: white pumpkin chive, chinese USE: CHINESE OR CELERY UF: zit kwa USE: CHINESE CHIVE [B2419] CABBAGE [B1051] CHINESE RADISH CHLAMYDOBACTERIALES AS CHINESE CHESTNUT FTC: B1513 FOOD SOURCE FTC: B2416 BT: RADISH [B1315] FTC: B2855 BT: CHESTNUT [B1544] UF: daikon BT: BACTERIA [B2846] UF: raphanus sativus longipinna- SN: Index bergeyana, 1966, CHINESE CHIVE tus p.450. FTC: B2419 BT: CHIVE [B1294] CHINESE RED DATE chlamys islandica UF: allium tuberosum FTC: B2008 USE: ICELAND SCALLOP [B1947] UF: chive, chinese BT: JUJUBE [B1311] UF: garlic chive UF: chinese date chlamys nipponensis UF: oriental garlic UF: chinese jujube USE: JAPANESE SCALLOP UF: common jujube [B2353] chinese date UF: jujube nut USE: CHINESE RED DATE UF: red date CHLORIDE ADDED [B2008] UF: rhamnus ziziphus FTC: H0196 UF: ziziphus jujuba BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] chinese gooseberry UF: ziziphus lotus SN: Used when chloride is added USE: KIWIFRUIT [B1664] UF: ziziphus vulgaris to a food product at any level. UF: ziziphus ziziphus chinese jujube UF: zizyphus sativa CHLORINATED BIPHENYL USE: CHINESE RED DATE FTC: PCBP [B2008] CHINESE SWAMP CABBAGE BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: B2462 CHINESE KALE BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] CHLOROPHYLLINS FTC: B2421 UF: ipomoea aquatica FTC: B3064 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PRODUCING PLANT chinese vegetable marrow PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1179] USE: FUZZY MELON [B2518] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: brassica oleracea var. al- UF: E 140 boglabra CHINESE WALNUT UF: INS 140 FTC: B2616 CHINESE LANTERN BT: WALNUT [B1290] CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED FTC: B2955 BT: WALNUT [B1290] FTC: H0489 BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- UF: chinese butternut BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BLE [B1006] UF: walnut, chinese EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- chinese mustard cabbage chinese water chestnut TARIUS [H0399] USE: MUSTARD CABBAGE USE: WATER CHESTNUT [B1026] UF: E 140 added [B2397] UF: INS 140 added chinese watermelon CHINESE OR CELERY CABBAGE USE: CHINESE PRESERVING CHLOROPHYLLS FTC: B1051 MELON [B1616] FTC: B3065 BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: brassica pekinensis CHINOOK SALMON PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: brassica rapa var. pekinensis FTC: B1132 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: celery cabbage BT: SALMON [B2250] UF: E 140 UF: chinese cabbage UF: king salmon UF: INS 140 UF: napa UF: oncorhynchus tshawytscha UF: pe-tsai cabbage UF: salmon, chinook CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED UF: spring salmon FTC: H0490

58 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CHOLESTEROL FREE FOOD FTC: B2795 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: P0042 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: NO OR REDUCED CHO- CAL FRUIT [B1024] TARIUS [H0399] LESTEROL CLAIM OR USE UF: kurna UF: E 140 added [P0149] UF: rhamnus spina-christi UF: INS 140 added UF: no cholesterol food UF: ziziphus africana SN: food having less than 2 milli- UF: ziziphus amphibia chlorophyta grams cholesterol per amount UF: ziziphus sphaerocarpa USE: ALGAE, GREEN [B2502] customarily consumed (or for UF: ziziphus spina-christi meals and main dishes, less CHOCOLATE CANDY than 2 milligrams cholesterol chrysanthemum coronarium FTC: A0288 per labeled serving). Such USE: GARLAND CHRYSANTHE- BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] food must contain no ingredi- MUM [B1740] UF: candy, chocolate ent that contains cholesterol SN: Candy with the predominant except where the ingredient chrysanthemum parthenium ingredient chocolate; includes listed has been footnoted USE: FEVERFEW [B2054] chocolate bars and other '*adds a trivial amount of cho- forms when these are mar- lesterol'. If the food contains chrysanthemum, garland keted as candy (21 CFR 163). less than 2 milligrams choles- USE: GARLAND CHRYSANTHE- terol per amount customarily MUM [B1740] CHOCOLATE COATED OR COV- consumed by special proc- ERED essing and the total fat ex- chrysobalanus FTC: H0355 ceeds 13 grams cholesterol USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] BT: COATED OR COVERED per amount or labeled serv- [H0353] ing, the amount of cholesterol chrysobalanus elipticus UF: coated or covered with choco- must be 'Substantially less' USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] late (25%) than in a comparable UF: covered or coated with choco- food with significant market chrysobalanus icaco late share (5% of market). USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] SN: Includes chocolate coatings for such products as candy cholesterol removed chrysobalanus orbicularis and ice cream products as USE: FAT REMOVED [H0161] USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] well as icings and frostings for such products as cakes and CHOLESTEROL SPECIAL CLAIM chrysobalanus purpureus doughnuts. OR USE USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] FTC: P0041 chocolate flavoring added, artificial BT: NUTRITION-RELATED chrysophrys auratus USE: ARTIFICIAL CHOCOLATE CLAIM OR USE [P0065] USE: RED HAWAIIAN PORGY FLAVORING ADDED SN: All narrower term definitions [B1815] [H0394] extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, chrysophrys unicolor chocolate or cacao product 1993, part 101.62(d). USE: SEA BREAM [B2388] USE: CACAO OR CHOCOLATE PRODUCT [A0272] cholla CHRYSOPHYLLUM USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] FTC: B2843 chocolate or cacao product analog BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: CACAO OR CHOCOLATE cholla cactus CAL FRUIT [B1024] PRODUCT ANALOG [A0158] USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] UF: chrysophyllum bangweolense

CHOCOLATE OR COCOA ADDED chondrichythyes chrysophyllum albidum FTC: H0231 USE: FISH, CARTILAGINOUS USE: WHITE STAR APPLE BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] [B1007] [B2764] SN: Used when chocolate or co- coa is added at any level or CHONDRUS chrysophyllum autranianum when chocolate is used as a FTC: B2500 USE: GAMBEYA [B2790] coating. BT: ALGAE, RED [B1743] chrysophyllum bangweolense CHOCOLATE OR COCOA ADDED chondrus crispus USE: CHRYSOPHYLLUM [B2843] FTC: H0231 USE: IRISH MOSS [B1742] BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR chrysophyllum cainito HERB ADDED, NATURAL chopped USE: STAR APPLE [B2036] [H0229] USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, SN: Used when chocolate or co- THICKNESS <0.3 CM. chub (carp) coa is added at any level or [E0100] USE: COMMON CARP [B1228] when chocolate is used as a coating. christmas berry tree CHUB MACKEREL USE: BRAZILIAN PEPPER TREE FTC: B1570 CHOICE GRADE [B2347] BT: MACKEREL [B1043] FTC: Z0010 UF: pacific mackerel BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. CHRISTMAS ISLAND UF: scomber japonicus [Z0007] FTC: CX BT: AUSTRALIA [AU] CHUCK CHOKECHERRY FTC: Z0021 FTC: B2044 christophine BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] USE: CHAYOTE [B1730] UF: prunus virginiana CHUFA CHRIST'S THORN FTC: B2159 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 59

BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: cassia, saigon USE: CALAMONDIN [B2625] PLANT [B1579] UF: cinnamomum lourieri UF: cyperus esculantus CITRON UF: earth almond CIPOLLINI FTC: B1211 UF: rush nut FTC: B2355 BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] UF: tiger nut BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: citrus medica UF: zulu nut PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR BULB USED [B1018] CITRON MELON CHUM SALMON FTC: B2041 FTC: B1115 cirrhitidae BT: WATERMELON [B1391] BT: SALMON [B2250] USE: HAWKFISH FAMILY [B1934] UF: citrullus lanatus var. citroides UF: keta salmon UF: citrullus vulgaris var. citroides UF: oncorhynchus keta CIRRIPED UF: preserving melon UF: salmon, chum FTC: B2128 UF: stock melon BT: [B1374] cicer arietinum UF: cirripedia citrullus lanatus USE: GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] USE: WATERMELON [B1391] cirripedia CICHLID FAMILY USE: CIRRIPED [B2128] citrullus lanatus var. citroides FTC: B1831 USE: CITRON MELON [B2041] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] CIRUELA UF: cichlidae FTC: B2398 citrullus vulgaris BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: WATERMELON [B1391] cichlidae CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] UF: spondias spp. citrullus vulgaris var. citroides USE: CITRON MELON [B2041] cichorium endivia cisco USE: ESCAROLE [B1446] USE: LAKE HERRING [B1118] citrus aurantifolia USE: LIME (CITRUS) [B1067] cichorium intybus cisco or whitefish USE: CHICORY [B1552] USE: WHITEFISH OR CISCO citrus aurantium [B1565] USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] cider tree USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] CITRIC ACID citrus aurantium bergamia FTC: B1650 USE: BERGAMOT ORANGE CIGUATOXIC BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD [B1898] FTC: CGTX SOURCE [B2973] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] citrus aurantium subsp. nastridaidai CITRIC ACID USE: SUMMER ORANGE [B2315] cilantro FTC: B3066 USE: CORIANDER [B1381] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- citrus aurantium var. aurantium PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] cilus montii ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CHILEAN CROAKER UF: E 330 citrus decumana [B1814] UF: INS 330 USE: PUMMELO [B2018] cinnamomum cassia CITRIC ACID ADDED citrus deliciosa USE: CINNAMON, CHINESE FTC: H0491 USE: MANDARIN ORANGE [B1572] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1429] EUROPEAN COMMU- cinnamomum lourieri NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- CITRUS ENAMEL USE: CINNAMON, SAIGON TARIUS [H0399] FTC: N0018 [B1590] UF: E 330 added BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] UF: INS 330 added CINNAMON CITRUS FRUIT FTC: B1472 CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- FTC: B1139 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT PRODUCING PLANT FATTY ACIDS [B1140] [B1179] FTC: B3067 UF: cassia BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- citrus grandis PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: PUMMELO [B2018] CINNAMON FERN ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B2017 UF: E 472c citrus limon BT: FERN [B2453] UF: INS 472c USE: LEMON [B1275] UF: buckhorn (osmunda) UF: fiddlehead fern CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- citrus maxima UF: osmunda cinnamomea AND DIGLYCERIDES OF USE: PUMMELO [B2018] FATTY ACIDS ADDED CINNAMON, CHINESE FTC: H0492 citrus medica FTC: B1572 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: CITRON [B1211] BT: CINNAMON [B1472] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: cassia, chinese NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- citrus medica var. acida UF: cinnamomum cassia TARIUS [H0399] USE: LIME (CITRUS) [B1067] UF: E 472c added CINNAMON, SAIGON UF: INS 472c added citrus medica var. limonum FTC: B1590 USE: LEMON [B1275] BT: CINNAMON [B1472] citrofortunella mitis

60 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus citrus nobilis cv. king BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: KING ORANGE [B2468] UF: citrus reticulata cv. CODEX ALIMENTARIUS clementine [A0351] citrus nobilis cv. temple AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: TEMPLE ORANGE [B2469] clidoderma asperrimum per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: ROUGHSCALE FLOUNDER 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 citrus nobilus [B2000] USE: MANDARIN ORANGE CLOUDBERRY [B1429] CLIMATIC ZONE FTC: B2029 FTC: CLZ BT: BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] citrus paradisi BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES UF: baked apple berry USE: GRAPEFRUIT [B1507] AND REGIONS [QX] UF: malka SN: Source--National Geographic UF: rubus chamaemorus citrus reticulata Atlas of the World, Revised UF: salmonberry USE: MANDARIN ORANGE 6th Edition, 1992. All terms UF: yellowberry [B1429] from Vladimir Koppen system based on precipitation, tem- CLOVE citrus reticulata cv. clementine perature and vegetation. FTC: B1255 USE: CLEMENTINE [B1751] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CLIMBING PERCH PRODUCING PLANT citrus reticulata cv. owan FTC: B2529 [B1179] USE: SATSUMA ORANGE [B2722] BT: GOURAMI FAMILY [B2422] UF: caryophyllus UF: eugenia aromatica citrus sinensis clingstone peach UF: syzygium aromaticum USE: ORANGE [B1339] USE: PEACH, CLINGSTONE [B1593] CLOVER citrus tangelo FTC: B1254 USE: TANGELO [B1473] CLOSING CAP OR LID BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING FTC: M0423 PLANT [B1012] citrus unshia BT: SEALING/CLOSING ELE- UF: trifolium spp. USE: MANDARIN ORANGE MENT [M0220] [B1429] SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- CLOWN FIG SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT FTC: B2539 citrus unshiu USE descriptor in indexing. BT: SPP. [B2922] USE: SATSUMA ORANGE [B2722] Use a more precise narrower term. club cheese citrus vulgaris USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] CLOSING CAPSULE [A0280] FTC: M0424 CLAM BT: CLOSING CAP OR LID clupea harengus harengus FTC: B1331 [M0423] USE: ATLANTIC HERRING BT: BIVALVE [B2113] [B1586] cloth clam, cherrystone USE: TEXTILE OR FABRIC clupea harengus pallasi USE: NORTHERN QUAHOG [N0045] USE: PACIFIC HERRING [B1575] [B1068] cloth bag clupea sprattus clam, hen USE: TEXTILE OR FABRIC BAG USE: SPRAT [B1235] USE: HEN CLAM [B2590] [M0158] clupeidae clam, pacific CLOTTING ENZYME ADDED USE: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] USE: PACIFIC GEODUCK [B2538] FTC: H0298 BT: ENZYMATICALLY MODI- CLUPEOTOXIC POISONING CLARIFYING AGENT FIED [H0252] FTC: CPFP FTC: A0386 UF: rennin (rennet) coagulated BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, SN: Used when a clotting enzyme CODEX ALIMENTARIUS is added to a food product at cluster bean [A0351] any level. USE: GUAR [B1334] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome cloud ears fungus CLUSTER PEPPER 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: BLACK FUNGUS [B1741] FTC: B2635 BT: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- clariidae CLOUD PRODUCING AGENT ETY [B2633] USE: LABYRINTH CATFISH FAM- FTC: A0387 UF: capsicum annuum, fascicula- ILY [B1901] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, tum group CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: red cluster pepper CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY [A0351] FTC: B1986 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- coarsely grated BT: LOBSTER [B1505] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, UF: nephropsidae 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 THICKNESS <0.3 CM. [E0100] clear plate CLOUD PRODUCING AGENT IN USE: SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVER- coarsely ground [Z0043] AGES USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, FTC: A0388 THICKNESS <0.3 CM. CLEMENTINE [E0100] FTC: B1751 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 61

COATED OR COVERED COD FTC: H0353 COCKLE FTC: B1423 BT: INGREDIENT ADDED FTC: B1317 BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] [H0225] BT: BIVALVE [B2113] UF: gadus spp. UF: covered or coated UF: cardium spp. UF: glazed COD FAMILY COCKLEBUR FTC: B1835 coated or covered with carob FTC: B2055 BT: FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] USE: CAROB COATED OR COV- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: gadidae ERED [H0357] PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] cod, atlantic coated or covered with chocolate UF: agrimonia eupatoria USE: ATLANTIC COD [B1842] USE: CHOCOLATE COATED OR UF: agrimony COVERED [H0355] cod, pacific cocksfoot USE: PACIFIC COD [B1841] coated or covered with sugar USE: ORCHARDGRASS [B2337] USE: SUGAR COATED OR COV- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMIS- ERED [H0354] COCO PLUM SION COUNTRIES FTC: B2763 FTC: QZ02 COATING ENAMEL BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: GEOPOLITICAL DESIGNA- FTC: N0024 CAL FRUIT [B1024] TION [QZ] BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE UF: chrysobalanus FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- UF: chrysobalanus elipticus coelenterata TERIAL [N0051] UF: chrysobalanus icaco USE: COELENTERATE [B2409] SN: A class of coatings that con- UF: chrysobalanus orbicularis tains a specially prepared ve- UF: chrysobalanus purpureus COELENTERATE hicle, instead of raw oil. UF: cocoplum FTC: B2409 Sometimes referred to as UF: fat prof BT: AQUATIC ANIMAL [B1142] varnish or lacquer. UF: icaco UF: coelenterata

COCA COCONUT coelorinchus aspercephalus FTC: B2053 FTC: B1536 USE: SMOOTH RATTAIL [B2906] BT: PLANT USED FOR PRO- BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT DUCING EXTRACT OR [B1017] coenobitidae CONCENTRATE [B1013] UF: cocos nucifera USE: COCONUT CRAB FAMILY UF: erythroxylum coca [B2218] COCONUT COCA FTC: B1536 COEXTRUDED PAPER- FTC: B2053 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ALUMINIUM-PLASTIC BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CAL NUT [B1022] WRAPPER PRODUCING PLANT UF: cocos nucifera FTC: M0352 [B1179] BT: PAPER-ALUMINIUM FOIL- UF: erythroxylum coca COCONUT ADDED PLASTIC WRAPPER FTC: H0340 [M0351] coccinea cordifolia BT: NUT OR SEED ADDED USE: IVY GOURD [B2420] [H0177] coffea arabica USE: COFFEE [B1305] coccinea grandis COCONUT CRAB USE: IVY GOURD [B2420] FTC: B2219 COFFEE BT: COCONUT CRAB FAMILY FTC: B1305 coccinea indica [B2218] BT: COFFEE OR TEA [B2126] USE: IVY GOURD [B2420] UF: birgus latro UF: coffea arabica UF: purse crab COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, UF: robber crab COFFEE CHICORY CARMINES FTC: B2943 FTC: B3068 COCONUT CRAB FAMILY BT: CHICORY [B1552] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2218 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CRAB [B1335] coffee cream ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: coenobitidae USE: LIGHT CREAM [C0160] UF: E 120 UF: INS 120 coconut oil added COFFEE OR TEA USE: PALM, PALM KERNEL OR FTC: B2126 COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, COCONUT OIL ADDED BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CARMINES ADDED [H0345] PRODUCING PLANT FTC: H0493 [B1179] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, cocoplum UF: tea or coffee EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- COHO SALMON TARIUS [H0399] COCOS ISLANDS FTC: B1117 UF: E 120 added FTC: CC BT: SALMON [B2250] UF: INS 120 added BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS UF: cohoe salmon [QS] UF: medium red salmon cock UF: keeling islands UF: oncorhynchus kisutch USE: ROOSTER [B1714] UF: salmon, coho cocos nucifera UF: silver salmon cockerel USE: COCONUT [B1536] USE: ROOSTER [B1714] cohoe salmon

62 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: COHO SALMON [B1117] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COLORADO coix lacryma-jobi [A0351] FTC: US08 USE: JOB'S TEARS [B2341] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome [US64] COLA 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B1279 COLORADO LANGOSTINO BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- colocasia esculenta FTC: B2205 PRODUCING PLANT USE: TARO [B1636] BT: LANGOSTINO [B2486] [B1179] UF: galathea monodon UF: cola acuminata colocynthis citrullus UF: pleuroncodes monodon USE: WATERMELON [B1391] cola acuminata COLORADO SNAPPER USE: COLA [B1279] cololabis saira FTC: B1804 USE: PACIFIC SAURY [B1890] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] cold cheese food UF: lutjanus colorado USE: COLD-PACK CHEESE COLOMBIA UF: snapper, colorado FOOD [A0126] FTC: CO BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] COLOR-RELATED CLAIM OR USE COLD-PACK CHEESE FTC: P0096 FTC: A0280 COLOR ADDED BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- BT: COLD-PACK CHEESE FTC: H0150 TARY USE [P0023] PRODUCT [A0116] BT: INGREDIENT ADDED UF: cheese, club [H0225] COLOUR UF: cheese, cold-pack SN: Used when a color substance FTC: A0332 UF: club cheese is added to a food at any BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- SN: Cold-pack cheese product level. CATION, EUROPEAN made without other dairy in- COMMUNITY [A0324] gredients and without emulsi- COLOR ADDITIVE AI: Substance that adds or re- fiers. Milkfat minimum 47% of FTC: A0166 stores the colour in a food, solids (43% for swiss, 45% for BT: FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] and includes natural constitu- gruyere); moisture maximum SN: A substance added to food to ents of foodstuffs and natural 42% (21 CFR 133.123). impart, preserve, or enhance sources that are normally not the color or shading of a food consumed as foodstuffs as COLD-PACK CHEESE FOOD (21 CFR 170.3(0)). such and not normally used FTC: A0126 as characteristic ingredients BT: COLD-PACK CHEESE COLOR OF FISH FLESH of foods. European Council PRODUCT [A0116] FTC: Z0055 Directive 94/36/EC. UF: cheese food, cold-pack BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- UF: cold cheese food TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY COLOUR ADJUNCT SN: Cold-pack cheese product OR FISH [Z0049] FTC: A0390 made with other dairy ingredi- SN: Used to characterize colors of BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, ents and without emulsifier. tuna or salmon flesh. The ap- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS Milkfat minimum 23% of total; propriate narrower term is [A0351] moisture maximum 44% (21 used only when tuna or AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- CFR 133.124, 133.125). salmon is the first or sole in- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome gredient of a food product. 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 COLD-PACK CHEESE PRODUCT FTC: A0116 COLOR OF FISH FLESH NOT COLOUR FIXATIVE BT: PROCESSED CHEESE KNOWN FTC: A0391 PRODUCT [A0282] FTC: Z0061 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: cheese product, cold-pack BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SN: Cheese product made without [Z0055] [A0351] the aid of heat. See 21 CFR AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- 133.123-125 for lists of COLOR OF FISH FLESH, MIXTURE per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome cheeses that cannot be used. FTC: Z0062 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH cole [Z0055] COLOUR RETENTION AGENT USE: KALE [B1281] UF: color of tuna, blended (CODEX) SN: Used only for mixtures of red FTC: A0392 collapsible tube and pink salmon flesh or for BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: TUBE [M0200] mixtures of white or light and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS dark tuna flesh. [A0351] COLLARD AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B1385 COLOR OF POULTRY MEAT per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: Z0006 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- COLLIER TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY COLOUR STABILIZER FTC: Z0129 OR FISH [Z0049] FTC: A0393 BT: QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] SN: Use the appropriate narrower BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, SN: This corresponds approxi- term only if poultry meat is the CODEX ALIMENTARIUS mately to the front part of the first or sole ingredient of a [A0351] U.S. cut of meat called food product. AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- 'chuck'. per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome color of tuna, blended 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 COLLOIDAL STABILIZERS USE: COLOR OF FISH FLESH, FTC: A0389 MIXTURE [Z0062] COLTSFOOT LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 63

FTC: B1647 BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- [B2163] USE: SEA [B1955] PRODUCING PLANT UF: palinurus elephas [B1179] UF: palinurus vulgaris concord grape UF: tussilago farfara USE: GRAPE, CONCORD [B2122] COMOROS ISLANDS columbidae FTC: KM condensed USE: PIGEON [B1304] BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] USE: WATER REMOVED TO RE- CONSTITUTION RATIO 1 COMELLO compartmentalized dinner PLUS 1 [H0114] FTC: B1474 USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [A0139] CONDIMENT OR RELISH [B1017] FTC: A0179 COMPONENT REMOVED BT: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, COMMERCIAL GRADE FTC: H0238 GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] FTC: Z0013 BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED UF: relish or condiment BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. [H0111] SN: Food product that is usually [Z0007] SN: Use the appropriate term pungent, tart, salty, or spicy under *COMPONENT RE- and is used to enhance the COMMISSARY PREPARED MOVED* to indicate the per- flavors of other foods; in- FTC: Z0113 manent full or partial removal cludes catsup, relish, pre- BT: PREPARATION ESTAB- of a nutritional/chemical com- pared mustard, prepared LISHMENT [Z0108] ponent naturally present in horseradish, and condiment UF: prepared by commissary the part of plant or animal sauces. used. common banana CONDIMENT SAUCE USE: BANANA [B1266] COMPONENT SUBSTITUTED FTC: A0263 FTC: H0103 BT: CONDIMENT OR RELISH COMMON BEAN BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED [A0179] FTC: B1999 [H0111] UF: sauce, condiment BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, SN: Use the appropriate narrower SN: Pourable condiment that is EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR term for a food product that usually applied after the food [B1061] was prepared from a natural is prepared but can also be UF: pink bean food product by removing an used in cooking. Examples UF: small white bean endogeneous component and are soy sauce, pepper sauce UF: yellow bean adding a component of the or barbeque sauce. same class. Index the specific COMMON CARP component added under condiment, dressing, gravy or sauce FTC: B1228 *INGREDIENT ADDED*, re- USE: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY gardless of its level. GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] [B1921] UF: chub (carp) composite cut of meat CONE PEPPER UF: cyprinus carpio USE: CUT OF MEAT, COMPOS- FTC: B2632 ITE [Z0047] BT: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED common guava [B1250] USE: GUAVA [B1333] COMPOSITE FOODS UF: capsicum annuum, conoides FTC: A0641 group common jujube AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 USE: CHINESE RED DATE CONEY [B2008] CONCENTRATED BY REVERSE FTC: B2588 OSMOSIS BT: GROUPER [B1496] FTC: J0169 FTC: B2717 BT: DRIED UNDER REDUCED coney, gulf BT: MESOGASTROPOD [B1008] PRESSURE [J0112] USE: GULF CONEY [B2589] UF: littorea SN: Used when the water content UF: periwinkle, common of a product is reduced by re- CONFECTIONARY verse osmosis. Typically used FTC: A0456 COMMON PRAWN for concentrating fluids, e.g. AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 FTC: B2880 milk, fruit juices. BT: PALAEMONID SHRIMP CONFECTIONARY FAMILY [B1163] concentrated, 20-40 degrees brix FTC: A0630 UF: palaemon serratus USE: WATER REMOVED TO RE- AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 CONSTITUTION RATIO 2 COMMON RYE PLUS 1 [H0113] CONFECTIONERY FTC: B2352 FTC: A0188 BT: RYE [B1313] concentrated, 40 degrees brix or BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA UF: rye, common higher [A0289] UF: secale cereale USE: WATER REMOVED TO RE- SN: Candy or other food product CONSTITUTION RATIO 3 made with sweeteners and COMMON SNOOK PLUS 1 OR HIGHER [H0112] frequently containing nuts, FTC: B1825 fruits, starches, flavorings and BT: SNOOK FAMILY [B1824] CONCH other foods (21 CFR UF: centropomus undecimalis FTC: B1259 170.3(n)(9). BT: MESOGASTROPOD [B1008] COMMON SPINY LOBSTER UF: busycon confectionery, aerated FTC: B2203 UF: strombus spp. USE: AERATED CONFECTION- ERY [A0141]

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SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- COOK ISLANDS conger conger SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT FTC: CK USE: CONGER EEL [B2299] USE descriptor in indexing. BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS Use a more precise narrower [QU] CONGER EEL term. FTC: B2299 AI: Classification corresponding COOKED BY DRY HEAT BT: CONGER EEL FAMILY to FSTA Thesaurus Packag- FTC: G0004 [B2300] ing 2.1.2 Material BT: G. COOKING METHOD UF: conger conger [G0002] UF: sea eel CONTAINER OR WRAPPING NOT UF: dry cooked KNOWN SN: Cooked at moderate to high CONGER EEL FAMILY FTC: M0001 levels of heat in which no liq- FTC: B2300 BT: M. CONTAINER OR uid is added and only small BT: EEL [B1278] WRAPPING [M0100] amounts of fat may be added UF: congridae SN: Used when it is not known to prevent sticking. what container or wrapping, if CONGO any, is present. COOKED BY MICROWAVE FTC: CG FTC: G0011 BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] CONTAINER OR WRAPPING, BT: G. COOKING METHOD OTHER [G0002] congridae FTC: M0004 SN: Cooked in a microwave oven. USE: CONGER EEL FAMILY BT: M. CONTAINER OR [B2300] WRAPPING [M0100] COOKED BY MOIST HEAT SN: Used when the container FTC: G0012 CONNECTICUT does not fall under any of the BT: G. COOKING METHOD FTC: US09 major types listed. [G0002] BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES SN: Cooked in varying amounts of [US62] contains label claim water, water-based liquid or USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL steam. If the food absorbs a consomme CLAIM [P0134] significant amount of water, USE: SOUP, THIN [A0243] also used *REHYDRATED* contains, label claim or *WATER ADDED*. CONSUMER GROUP USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL FTC: P0136 CLAIM [P0134] cooked custard BT: P. CONSUMER USE: CUSTARD, COOKED GROUP/DIETARY CONTAMINANT [A0219] USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] FTC: A0394 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, COOKED IN CONTAINER IM- CONSUMER GROUP NOT APPLI- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS MERSED IN WATER OR CABLE [A0351] STEAM FTC: P0003 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: G0031 BT: P. CONSUMER per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: METHOD OF HEATING GROUP/DIETARY 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 CONTAINER [G0032] USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] SN: Used when the food is CONTINENTAL CLIMATIC ZONE cooked in a closed container CONSUMER GROUP NOT KNOWN FTC: CLZ11 such as a pouch immersed in FTC: P0001 BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] hot water or steam. BT: P. CONSUMER GROUP/DIETARY controlled name COOKED IN DOUBLE BOILER USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] USE: APPELLATION CON- FTC: G0033 SN: Used when nothing is know TROLEE [Z0086] BT: METHOD OF HEATING about the consumer group. CONTAINER [G0032] CONVENTIONAL OUTDOOR/OPEN- UF: cooked over boiling water container or package, multiple AIR PRODUCTION UF: double boiler cooked USE: MULTICONTAINER PACK- FTC: Z0209 SN: Cooked in a container that is AGE [M0208] BT: OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR placed in another container [Z0208] filled with boiling water. See CONTAINER OR WRAPPING BY AI: Conventional also *Cooked in water bath*. FORM outdoor/open-air production FTC: M0195 includes ICMS (Integrated COOKED IN SMALL AMOUNT OF BT: M. CONTAINER OR Crop Management Systems) FAT OR OIL WRAPPING [M0100] FTC: G0026 SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- CONVENTIONAL UNDER BT: COOKED WITH ADDED FAT SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT GLASS/PROTECTED PRO- OR OIL [G0025] USE descriptor in indexing. DUCTION SN: Cooked with sufficient fat or Use a more precise narrower FTC: Z0212 oil to coat and moisten the term. BT: UNDER food being prepared, but not AI: Classification corresponding GLASS/PROTECTED cooked in enough fat or oil to to FSTA Thesaurus Packag- [Z0211] immerse the food. Use ing 3.1 Package Types *GRIDDLED* when only converted (grain) enough fat or oil is used to CONTAINER OR WRAPPING BY USE: INSTANTIZED [H0169] prevent sticking. MATERIAL FTC: M0202 converted (lactose) COOKED IN STEAM BT: M. CONTAINER OR USE: LACTOSE CONVERTED FTC: G0021 WRAPPING [M0100] [H0203] BT: COOKED BY MOIST HEAT [G0012] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 65

BT: CONTINENTAL CLIMATIC USE: VENDACE [B2369] COOKED IN WATER BATH ZONE [CLZ11] FTC: G0034 coregonus artedii BT: METHOD OF HEATING COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLO- USE: LAKE HERRING [B1118] CONTAINER [G0032] ROPHYLLINS UF: bain-marie cooked FTC: B3069 coregonus clupeaformis SN: Cooked in a container that is BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: LAKE WHITEFISH [B1907] placed in another container PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX filled with water kept near the ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] coregonus makwi boiling point. See also UF: E 141 USE: LAKE WHITEFISH [B1907] *Cooked in double boiler*. UF: INS 141 coregonus pidschian COOKED IN WATER OR WATER- COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLO- USE: HUMPBACK WHITEFISH BASED LIQUID ROPHYLLINS ADDED [B2284] FTC: G0013 FTC: H0494 BT: COOKED BY MOIST HEAT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, coregonus reighardi [G0012] EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: SHORTNOSE CISCO NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B2693] cooked over boiling water TARIUS [H0399] USE: COOKED IN DOUBLE UF: E 141 added coregonus spp. BOILER [G0033] UF: INS 141 added USE: WHITEFISH [B2687]

COOKED WITH ADDED FAT OR OIL COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLO- CORIANDER FTC: G0025 ROPHYLLS FTC: B1381 BT: COOKED WITH FAT OR OIL FTC: B3070 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- [G0024] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PRODUCING PLANT UF: oil roasted PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1179] SN: Cooked by adding fat or oil to ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: chinese parsley those foods that do not con- UF: E 141 UF: cilantro tain fat or oil that would ren- UF: INS 141 UF: coriandrum sativum der during the cooking proc- ess. COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLO- coriandrum sativum ROPHYLLS ADDED USE: CORIANDER [B1381] COOKED WITH FAT OR OIL FTC: H0495 FTC: G0024 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, corinth grape BT: G. COOKING METHOD EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: GRAPE, CORINTH [B2038] [G0002] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: fried TARIUS [H0399] CORK UF: E 141 added FTC: N0046 COOKED WITH INHERENT FAT OR UF: INS 141 added BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE OIL FROM NATURAL MATERIAL FTC: G0030 coprinus atramentarius [N0050] BT: COOKED WITH FAT OR OIL USE: INKY CAP MUSHROOM [G0024] [B2022] cork tree (parinari) SN: Cooked in fat or oil rendered USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] from the food being prepared. corazon USE: CUSTARD APPLE [B1689] CORK WOOD GASKET cooked, fully FTC: M0258 USE: FULLY HEAT-TREATED corbicula fluminea BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] [F0014] USE: ASIAN CLAM [B2646] CORM cooked, partially corchorus olitorius FTC: C0291 USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB TREATED [F0018] [C0238] cordial AI: A fleshy, thick- COOKIE USE: LIQUEUR [A0240] ened, vertical, underground FTC: A0203 stem, usually having annual BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, cordyla africana segments with a bud at the SWEETENED [A0135] USE: BUSH MANGO [B2841] tip, thin external scale leaves, SN: Sweetened bakery product and roots at the base, as in baked in individual portions cordyla pinnata the gladiolus: corms differ that are usually small and flat. USE: BUSH MANGO [B2841] from bulbs in having much more stem tissue and fewer COOKING METHOD NOT APPLI- cordyla richardii scale leaves (Source: Web- CABLE USE: BUSH MANGO [B2841] ster's) FTC: G0003 BT: G. COOKING METHOD CORE OR POME FRUIT CORN [G0002] FTC: B1599 FTC: B1232 BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE COOKING METHOD NOT KNOWN [B1140] [B1156] FTC: G0001 UF: pome fruit UF: maize BT: G. COOKING METHOD UF: zea mays [G0002] core, seed, or peel SN: Searching note--use 'field USE: PEEL, CORE OR SEED corn' for any breakfast cereals COOL SUMMER CLIMATIC ZONE [C0110] or snack foods having 'corn' FTC: CLZ13 as the main ingredient. coregonus albula

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CORN BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] USE: COATED OR COVERED FTC: B1232 [H0353] BT: GRAIN [B1324] corylus avellana UF: maize USE: EUROPEAN FILBERT covered or coated with chocolate UF: zea mays [B1533] USE: CHOCOLATE COATED OR SN: Searching note--Use 'field COVERED [H0355] corn' for any breakfast cereals corylus maxima or snack foods having 'corn' USE: EUROPEAN FILBERT COW as the main ingredient. [B1533] FTC: B1201 BT: CATTLE [B1161] CORN ADDED corypha thebaica FTC: H0320 USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] cow and goat BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] USE: CATTLE AND GOAT [B2245] SN: Used when corn is the sec- coryphaena hippurus ond to fourth ingredient in or- USE: DOLPHIN [B1917] cow and sheep der of predominance, exclud- USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP ing water. coryphaenidae [B2244] USE: DOLPHIN FAMILY [B1918] corn and lima beans cow and sheep and goat USE: SUCCOTASH [B1361] cos lettuce USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP AND USE: ROMAINE [B2089] GOAT [B2247] CORN ENAMEL (C-ENAMEL) FTC: N0030 COSTA RICA cowberry BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] FTC: CR USE: LINGONBERRY (COW- UF: c-enamel BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] BERRY) [B1019]

CORN OIL ADDED COTE D'IVOIRE COWCOD FTC: H0343 FTC: CI FTC: B1767 BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY ADDED [H0263] UF: ivory coast [B1084] SN: Used when corn oil is the UF: sebastes levis second or third ingredient in cottidae order of predominance, ex- USE: SCULPIN FAMILY [B1789] COWPEA cluding water. FTC: B1200 COTTON BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE corn salad (plant) FTC: B1210 [B1156] USE: LAMB'S LETTUCE [B1754] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: vigna sinensis [B1017] UF: vigna unguiculata CORN SYRUP ADDED UF: gossypium FTC: H0224 CRAB BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR COTTON FTC: B1335 SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED FTC: B1210 BT: DECAPOD [B1998] [H0280] BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] UF: brachyura spp. UF: corn syrup solids added UF: gossypium SN: Used when corn syrup is the crab, alaska deep sea second or third ingredient in COTTON CONTAINER USE: KING CRAB [B1498] order of predominance or if FTC: M0413 the corn syrup content is BT: NATURAL TEXTILE CON- crab, japanese known to be 5% or more. TAINER [M0409] USE: KING CRAB [B1498] corn syrup solids added COTTONSEED OIL ADDED CRABAPPLE USE: CORN SYRUP ADDED FTC: H0346 FTC: B1488 [H0224] BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT ADDED [H0263] [B1599] corn, field SN: Used when cottonseed oil is UF: malus coronaria USE: FIELD CORN [B1379] the second or third ingredient in order of predominance, ex- cracked into medium size pieces corn, lima beans and tomatoes cluding water. USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. [B1606] cottony jujuba [E0115] USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] corn, sweet cracked into small size pieces USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] coturnix spp. USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, USE: QUAIL [B1346] THICKNESS <0.3 CM. corn, vegetable [E0100] USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] COTYLEDON FTC: C0292 CRACKER corned BT: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR FTC: A0242 USE: PRESERVED BY BRINING FLOWER [C0148] BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- [J0137] AI: The first single SWEETENED [A0107] leaf or one of the first pair of SN: Unsweetened bakery product CORNELIAN CHERRY leaves produced by the em- baked in individual portions FTC: B2946 bryo of a , or that are usually thin and crisp BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] any of various similar struc- and may or may not be fat tures (Source: Webster's) coated. CORVINA FTC: B2664 covered or coated CRAMBE LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 67

FTC: B1336 FTC: C0195 USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: CREAM OR CREAM COM- [B1017] PONENT [C0123] crepe, dessert UF: crambe abyssinica UF: sweet cream USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, SN: Liquid milk component sepa- SWEETENED [A0135] crambe abyssinica rated from milk and contain- USE: CRAMBE [B1336] ing not less than 18% milkfat crepe, dinner (21 CFR 131.3). USE: PREPARED FOOD PROD- crambe maritima UCT WITH BAKERY BASE USE: SEA KALE [B2011] CREAM ADDED OR ENCLOSURE, UN- FTC: H0296 SWEETENED [A0102] CRANBERRY BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT FTC: B1508 ADDED [H0297] crepe, unfilled BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM SN: Used when cream is the sec- USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- [B1614] ond to fourth ingredient in or- SWEETENED [A0107] UF: vaccinium macrocarpon der of predominance, exclud- ing water. cristivomer namaycush CRANBERRY BEAN USE: LAKE TROUT [B1503] FTC: B1186 cream for whipping BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, USE: HEAVY CREAM [C0161] CROAKER EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR FTC: B1794 [B1061] cream nut BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] USE: BRAZILNUT [B1463] UF: paralonchurus spp. crangon crangon USE: BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] CREAM OR CREAM COMPONENT croaker, atlantic FTC: C0123 USE: ATLANTIC CROAKER crangon septemspinosus BT: MILK OR MILK COMPO- [B1795] USE: SAND SHRIMP [B2575] NENT [C0113] SN: A broad term that includes croaker, white crangon vulgaris cream and its components, USE: WHITE CROAKER [B2281] USE: BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] butter and buttermilk. CROATIA CRANGONID SHRIMP FAMILY CREAM PRODUCT ANALOG FTC: HR FTC: B2574 FTC: A0123 BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] BT: SHRIMP [B1237] BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT UF: crangonidae ANALOG [A0147] CROCODILE UF: cream substitute FTC: B2441 crangonidae UF: cream, imitation BT: REPTILE [B1625] USE: CRANGONID SHRIMP FAM- UF: imitation cream UF: crocodylus spp. ILY [B2574] UF: whipped topping SN: Food product having func- crocodylus spp. CRAPPIE tional characteristics similar to USE: CROCODILE [B2441] FTC: B1409 a cream product; it may be BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] nutritionally equivalent or infe- crocus sativus UF: pomoxis spp. rior to the product it purports USE: SAFFRON [B1459] to resemble. Includes non- crappie, black dairy coffee whitener and CROWDER PEA USE: BLACK CRAPPIE [B1819] nondairy topping. FTC: B1196 BT: COWPEA [B1200] gigas cream substitute USE: [B1979] USE: CREAM PRODUCT ANA- CROWN CAP LOG [A0123] FTC: M0244 crassostrea glomerata USE: NEW ZEALAND ROCK cream, imitation cruller OYSTER [B1952] USE: CREAM PRODUCT ANA- USE: DOUGHNUT [A0248] LOG [A0123] crassostrea spp. crumbs USE: OYSTER [B1224] cream, light USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, USE: LIGHT CREAM [C0160] THICKNESS <0.3 CM. crassostrea virginica [E0100] USE: EASTERN OYSTER [B1951] creamed USE: AERATED BY CREAMING crumbs achieved by forming crate [H0359] USE: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED USE: BOX [M0213] BY FORMING, THICKNESS creecy greens 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0140] CRAWFISH OR CRAYFISH USE: LAND CRESS [B2873] FTC: B2686 crustacea BT: DECAPOD [B1998] CREEK CHUB USE: CRUSTACEAN [B1374] FTC: B2191 crawfish, red swamp BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY CRUSTACEAN USE: RED SWAMP CRAYFISH [B1921] FTC: B1374 [B2231] BT: SHELLFISH OR CRUSTA- CRENSHAW MELON CEAN [B1059] crayfish, marine FTC: B1661 UF: crustacea USE: SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] BT: MELON [B1283] CRYOVAC CREAM creole cherry pepper FTC: N0028

68 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: VINYLIDENE [N0029] USE: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SN: Trade name of a shrinkable PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX version of pvdc used for vac- cucurbita pepo var. melopepo cv. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] uum packaging, e.g. of red zucchini UF: E 100 meat. USE: ZUCCHINI [B1462] UF: INS 100

CRYSTAL cucurbita pepo var. pepo CURCUMIN ADDED FTC: E0143 USE: ACORN SQUASH [B2064] FTC: H0496 BT: SOLID [E0151] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Used when the shape of indi- cucurbita spp. EUROPEAN COMMU- vidual crystals is discernible; USE: SQUASH, GOURD OR NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- includes broken small pieces PUMPKIN [B2091] TARIUS [H0399] and fine-size crystals (e.g., UF: E 100 added granulated sugar or table CUISSE UF: INS 100 added salt). FTC: Z0136 BT: QUARTIER ARRIERE CURD crystalline pvc container [Z0135] FTC: C0245 USE: UNPLASTICIZED POLYVI- SN: This corresponds approxi- BT: MILK OR MILK COMPO- NYL CHLORIDE CON- mately to the U.S. cut or meat NENT [C0113] TAINER [M0379] called 'round or leg'. SN: The thicker or more coagu- lable part of milk that is sepa- ctenopharyngodon idella CULL GRADE rated from the serum or wa- USE: GRASS CARP [B2867] FTC: Z0017 tery part (whey), especially in BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. the process of making CUBA [Z0007] cheese. FTC: CU BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS CULTIVATED MUSHROOM CURED CHEESE [QO01] FTC: B2937 FTC: A0168 BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] BT: NATURAL CHEESE [A0187] PEPPER UF: cheese, cured FTC: B2583 cultured SN: Natural cheese that is cured; BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] USE: LACTIC ACID FERMENTED includes cheeses that are UF: pepper, cubanelle [H0101] normally consumed cured but may be sold in an uncured or cucumaria spp. CULTURED MILK PRODUCT very lightly cured stage. The USE: SEA CUCUMBER [B2433] FTC: A0101 classification of cured BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT cheeses is based on the CUCUMBER [A0148] method of curing, the mois- FTC: B1404 UF: milk product, cultured ture content, and the milk fat BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- SN: Milk modified by adding acid- content measured as the pro- BLE [B1006] producing and/or flavor- portion of solids. Scope notes UF: cucumis sativus producing bacteria under con- given for the general classes trolled conditions. give moisture and milkfat pro- cucumber tree portions that cover the entire USE: BILIMBI [B2513] CUMIN range specified in the CFR for FTC: B1274 the individual cheeses in- cucumis melo BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- cluded in a class; the class USE: CANTALOUPE [B1471] PRODUCING PLANT definition given in the CFR [B1179] section cited may be more cucumis metuliferus UF: cuminum cyminum restrictive. USE: AFRICAN HORNED CU- CUMBER [B2842] cumin des pres CURED MEAT USE: CARAWAY [B1549] FTC: A0279 cucumis sativus BT: MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT USE: CUCUMBER [B1404] CUMIN, BLACK (FROM MAMMAL) [A0150] FTC: B1176 UF: meat, cured cucurbita citrullus BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- SN: Meat product that has been USE: WATERMELON [B1391] PRODUCING PLANT preserved through treatment [B1179] with salt (brining, dry salting cucurbita maxima UF: caraway, black or injection of salt solution), USE: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] UF: nigella sativa heating and drying. UF: nutmeg flower cucurbita maxima var. banana UF: roman coriander CURED OR AGED USE: BANANA SQUASH [B2510] FTC: H0253 cuminum cyminum BT: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, cucurbita maxima var. hubbard USE: CUMIN [B1274] MULTIPLE COMPONENT USE: HUBBARD SQUASH [B2511] [H0128] curcuma domestica UF: aged cucurbita moschata USE: TURMERIC [B1425] SN: Modified through complex USE: JAPANESE SQUASH enzymatic or microbial proc- [B2523] curcuma longa esses resulting in physico- USE: TURMERIC [B1425] chemical changes in particu- cucurbita moschata var. butternut lar with respect to texture, fla- USE: BUTTERNUT SQUASH CURCUMIN vor, color or shelf life of the [B2509] FTC: B3071 food product. Such changes may be induced by the intro- cucurbita pepo duction of certain chemicals, LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 69

such as sodium sulfite, salt, BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CUT OF MEAT, COMPOSITE sugar, or other substances, CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: Z0047 such as phenolics, in dry or UF: annona reticulata BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] liquid form and often aided by UF: bullock's heart UF: composite cut of meat smoke. Cheese should al- UF: corazon ways be indexed by the ap- UF: jamaica apple CUT OF MEAT, COMPOSITE propriate narrower term under FTC: Z0047 *LACTIC ACID-OTHER CUSTARD OR PUDDING BT: CUT OF MEAT, FRENCH AGENT FERMENTED*. FTC: A0285 [Z0121] BT: DESSERT [A0222] UF: composite cut of meat CURED OR AGED 1 TO 2 MONTHS UF: pie filling, non-fruit FTC: H0290 UF: pudding or custard CUT OF MEAT, FRENCH BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] SN: Sweetened or unsweetened FTC: Z0121 custard or starch-based pud- BT: CUT OF MEAT [Z0146] CURED OR AGED 12 MONTHS OR ding; also non-fruit pie filling. OVER CUT OF MEAT, OTHER FTC: H0294 CUSTARD, COOKED FTC: Z0048 BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] FTC: A0219 BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BT: CUSTARD OR PUDDING CURED OR AGED 2 TO 4 MONTHS [A0285] CUT OF MEAT, U.S. FTC: H0291 UF: cooked custard FTC: Z0008 BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] SN: Cooked or baked mixture of BT: CUT OF MEAT [Z0146] milk, and optional ingre- SN: Use the appropriate narrower CURED OR AGED 4 TO 6 MONTHS dients including nutritive and term only if meat is the first or FTC: H0292 non-nutritive sweeteners. sole ingredient of a food BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] product. These terms are custard, frozen used only for meat from large CURED OR AGED 6 TO 12 USE: FROZEN CUSTARD [A0165] mammals (i.e., cattle, sheep, MONTHS swine); do not use for poultry. FTC: H0293 custom- or religion-related claim or BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] use CUT OF POULTRY MEAT USE: RELIGION- OR CUSTOMS- FTC: Z0156 CURED OR AGED LESS THAN 2 RELATED CLAIM OR USE BT: CUT OF MEAT [Z0146] WEEKS [P0126] SN: See also *Color of poultry FTC: H0288 meat* and narrower terms. BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] cut USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, CUTLASSFISH CURED OR AGED TWO WEEKS TO THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. FTC: B1154 1 MONTH [E0115] BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY FTC: H0289 [B1820] BT: CURED OR AGED [H0253] cut into large pieces UF: trichiurus spp. USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, CURLED ENDIVE THICKNESS >1.5 CM. cutlassfish family FTC: B2941 [E0125] USE: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY BT: ENDIVE [B1314] [B1820] CUT INTO LONG PIECES CURRANT FTC: E0141 CUTTER GRADE FTC: B1528 BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, FTC: Z0015 BT: BERRY, RIBES [B1159] THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. [E0115] [Z0007] curuba SN: Used when the thickness of a USE: BANANA PASSIONFRUIT piece size is between 0.3 and CUTTHROAT TROUT [B2028] 1.5 cm. and the overall length FTC: B2869 is greater than 5 cm., e.g., BT: TROUT [B1258] CUSK french fries. UF: oncorhynchus clarki FTC: B2143 UF: salmo clarki BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] CUT INTO SHORT PIECES UF: brosme brosme FTC: E0111 UF: brosmius brosme BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, FTC: B1644 UF: moonfish THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. BT: CEPHALOPOD [B2116] UF: tusk [E0115] SN: Used when the thickness of a cyamopsis tetragonoloba CUSK-EEL FAMILY piece size is between 0.3 and USE: GUAR [B1334] FTC: B1844 1.5 cm. and the overall length BT: FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] is less than 5 cm., e.g., cut cyamposis psoralioides UF: ophidiidae green beans. USE: GUAR [B1334] cusparia trifoliata CUT OF MEAT cyanophyta USE: ANGOSTURA (TREE) FTC: Z0146 USE: ALGAE, BLUE-GREEN [B1188] BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- [B1746] TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY custard added OR FISH [Z0049] cybium USE: PUDDING OR CUSTARD USE: MACKEREL [B1043] ADDED [H0132] CUT OF MEAT NOT KNOWN FTC: Z0018 cycas circinalis CUSTARD APPLE BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] USE: SAGO PALM [B2139] FTC: B1689

70 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus cycas spp. USE: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY SN: Milk, a product derived from USE: PALM [B1286] [B1921] milk, or a dairy product ana- log; includes cheese and fro- CYCLAMIC ACID cyprinodontidae zen dairy desserts. FTC: B3072 USE: KILLIFISH FAMILY [B2618] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- DAIRY PRODUCT ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX cyprinus carpio FTC: H0242 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: COMMON CARP [B1228] BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] UF: E 952 SN: Used when a dairy product is UF: INS 952 CYPRUS the second, third or fourth in- FTC: CY gredient in order of predomi- CYCLAMIC ACID ADDED BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN nance, excluding water. FTC: H0497 [QR03] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, DAIRY PRODUCTS EUROPEAN COMMU- cypselurus spp. FTC: A0452 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: FLYINGFISH [B1144] AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 952 added cythera chione DAIRY PRODUCTS, EXCLUDING UF: INS 952 added USE: VENUS CLAM [B2890] FATS AND OILS, FAT EMULSIONS cyclopsetta chittendeni CYTOPHAGALES USED AS FOOD FTC: A0626 USE: MEXICAN FLOUNDER SOURCE AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 [B2285] FTC: B2851 BT: BACTERIA [B2846] DAMSON PLUM cyclopteridae UF: myxobacteriales used as food FTC: B1662 USE: SNAILFISH FAMILY [B1822] source BT: PLUM [B1206] SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d Ed., UF: bullace cyclopterus lumpus 1992, v.IV, p.3631. UF: prunus insititia USE: LUMPFISH [B1823] cyttus novaezealandiae DANDELION cydonia spp. USE: SILVER DORY [B2862] FTC: B1428 USE: QUINCE [B1298] BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] cyttus traversi UF: taraxacum cymbopogon citratus USE: LOOKDOWN DORY [B2903] USE: LEMON GRASS [B2273] DANUBE SALMON CZECHOSLOVAKIA FTC: B1612 cynara cardunculus FTC: CS BT: SALMON [B2250] USE: CARDOON [B1727] BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] UF: hucho hucho cynara scolymus dab, longhead DARK FISH FLESH USE: ARTICHOKE [B1466] USE: LONGHEAD DAB [B1860] FTC: Z0058 BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH cynoscion acoupa DACE [Z0055] USE: GRAY SEATROUT [B2375] FTC: B2078 SN: This color designation de- BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY scribes tuna flesh that is cynoscion arenarius [B1921] darker than munsell value 5.3 USE: SAND SEATROUT [B1104] UF: rhinichthys spp. (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4) (iii)). cynoscion nebulosus DACRYODES DARK MEAT USE: SPOTTED SEATROUT FTC: B2769 FTC: Z0002 [B1615] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: COLOR OF POULTRY CAL FRUIT [B1024] MEAT [Z0006] cynoscion nobilis UF: dacryodes klaineana UF: drumstick meat, poultry USE: WHITE SEABASS [B1187] UF: leg meat, poultry dacryodes edulis UF: thigh meat, poultry cynoscion parvipinnis USE: EBEN TREE [B2768] SN: Used only for poultry meat USE: SHORTFIN CORVINA that comes from the drum- [B2153] dacryodes klaineana stick, thigh or leg. USE: DACRYODES [B2769] cynoscion regalis dasheen USE: WEAKFISH [B1526] dactylis glomerata USE: TARO [B1636] USE: ORCHARDGRASS [B2337] cynoscion striatus dasypodidae USE: STRIPED WEAKFISH dahomey USE: ARMADILLO [B1626] [B2380] USE: BENIN [BJ] DATE cyperus esculantus daikon FTC: B1209 USE: CHUFA [B2159] USE: CHINESE RADISH [B1513] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] cyperus rotundus dairy dessert, frozen UF: phoenix dactylifera USE: NUTSEDGE [B2503] USE: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT [A0114] DATE cyphomandra betacea FTC: B1209 USE: TREE TOMATO [B2016] DAIRY PRODUCT BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] FTC: A0164 UF: phoenix dactylifera cyprinidae BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0289] date plum LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 71

USE: KAKI [B2766] DEEP-FRIED DELAWARE FTC: G0029 FTC: US10 datiro BT: COOKED WITH ADDED FAT BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES USE: WATERMELON [B1391] OR OIL [G0025] [US60] SN: Cooked in hot fat or oil deep dattock tree enough to immerse the food DELTA-TOCOPHEROL USE: TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) entirely. FTC: B3073 [B2772] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- DEEPSEA WHIPTAIL PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX daucus carota FTC: B2898 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CARROT [B1227] BT: GRENADIER FAMILY UF: E 309 [B2899] UF: INS 309 dead-rat tree UF: lepidorhynchus denticulatus USE: BAOBAB [B2759] DELTA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED DEER FTC: H0498 dealkaloidized FTC: B1583 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: ALKALOID OR PURINE BT: DEER FAMILY [B1500] EUROPEAN COMMU- REMOVED [H0135] UF: cervus spp. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] DEBITTERED DEER FAMILY UF: E 309 added FTC: H0198 FTC: B1500 UF: INS 309 added BT: COMPONENT REMOVED BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) [H0238] [B1134] DEMINERALIZED UF: cervidae FTC: H0137 DECAFFEINATED BT: COMPONENT REMOVED FTC: H0140 deer nut [H0238] BT: ALKALOID OR PURINE USE: JOJOBA [B1704] UF: calcium removed REMOVED [H0135] UF: minerals removed defatted SN: Used when one or more natu- DECAPOD USE: FAT REMOVED [H0161] rally present minerals have FTC: B1998 been fully or partially re- BT: CRUSTACEAN [B1374] DEFOAMING AGENT moved. UF: FTC: A0396 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, democratic people's republic of korea decapoda CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: KOREA, DEMOCRATIC USE: DECAPOD [B1998] [A0351] PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [KP] decapterus punctatus per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: ROUND SCAD [B2481] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 DENMARK FTC: DK DECOLOURIZING AGENT degerminated seed or kernel BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] FTC: A0395 USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UNDETERMINED, GERM DENSITY ADJUSTING AGENT CODEX ALIMENTARIUS REMOVED [C0114] FTC: A0397 [A0351] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- DEGREE OF PLANT MATURITY CODEX ALIMENTARIUS per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: Z0050 [A0351] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome DECORATION SN: The stage of development of 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: A0246 a plant or plant part. Maturity BT: CONFECTIONERY [A0188] influences safety, nutrient dent corn SN: Candy-like product shaped composition and consumption USE: FIELD CORN [B1379] and/or colored to serve as a characteristics. Use the ap- decoration. propriate narrower term only if DENTEX ripeness is stated in the food FTC: B2857 DEEP SEA CRAB FAMILY name or label. BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] FTC: B2228 UF: dentex dentex BT: CRAB [B1335] dehulled seed UF: dentex gibbosus UF: geryonidae USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] dentex dentex DEEP SEA LOBSTER DEHYDRATED OR DRIED USE: DENTEX [B2857] FTC: B2232 FTC: J0116 BT: CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY BT: PRESERVED BY REDUC- dentex gibbosus [B1986] ING WATER ACTIVITY USE: DENTEX [B2857] UF: dublin bay prawn [J0145] UF: metanephrops UF: dried or dehydrated DESERT DATE SN: Used when the water activity FTC: B2837 deep sea perch has been lowered enough to BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: ORANGE ROUGHY [B2328] achieve preservation. Also in- CAL FRUIT [B1024] dex *WATER REMOVED* in UF: agialida barteri DEEPBODY THREAD HERRING *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. UF: agialida senegalensis FTC: B1980 UF: agialida tombuctensis BT: THREAD HERRING [B1239] delactosed UF: balanites aegyptiaca UF: opisthonema libertate USE: LACTOSE CONVERTED UF: balanites ziziphoides UF: opisthonema oblieri [H0203] UF: betu UF: bitu

72 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: egyptian myrobolan FTC: B2344 UF: jericho balsam BT: STARCH-PRODUCING DICALCIUM CITRATE ADDED UF: soapberry (balanites aegyp- PLANT [B1016] FTC: H0499 tiaca) UF: amorphophallus rivieri BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: torchwood UF: hydrosme rivieri EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: ximenia aegyptiaca UF: leopard palm NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] DESSERT DEWBERRY UF: E 333 added FTC: A0222 FTC: B1490 UF: INS 333 added BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- BT: BLACKBERRY [B1407] UCT [A0172] UF: rubus flagellaris DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE SN: Sweetened prepared product FTC: B3075 usually consumed after the DEXTRAN ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- main course in a meal. Ex- FTC: H0389 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX cludes fruit or fruit products, BT: MICROBIAL GUM ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] bakery products and confec- [H0387] UF: E 450 tionery. SN: Used when dextran is added UF: INS 450 to a food at any level. dessert crepe DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, DEXTRIN ADDED FTC: H0500 SWEETENED [A0135] FTC: H0390 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: STARCH ADDED [H0146] EUROPEAN COMMU- dessert wine (U.S.) BT: STARCH ADDED [H0146] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: HEAVY WINE, 14-24% AL- SN: Used when dextrin is added TARIUS [H0399] COHOL [A0224] to a food at any level. UF: E 450 added UF: INS 450 added dessert, frozen dairy DEXTROSE USE: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT FTC: C0222 DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE [A0114] BT: SUGAR [C0108] FTC: B3076 UF: glucose, d- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- dessert, frozen nondairy SN: Used when dextrose or a high PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: FROZEN NONDAIRY DES- dextrose sweetener, such as ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SERT [A0206] corn syrup or corn syrup sol- UF: E 341 ids, is the major ingredient. UF: INS 341 deta USE: TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) DEXTROSE ADDED DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [B2772] FTC: H0154 FTC: H0501 BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, detar ADDED [H0136] EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) SN: Used when dextrose is the NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B2772] second or third ingredient in TARIUS [H0399] order of predominance, ex- UF: E 341 added DETARIUM cluding water. UF: INS 341 added FTC: B2770 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- diagramma pictum diced CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: PAINTED SWEETLIPS USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, UF: detarium macrocarpum [B2566] THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0115] detarium macrocarpum DIALIUM USE: DETARIUM [B2770] FTC: B2928 DICIANDIAMIDE-FORMALDEHYDE BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CONTAINER detarium microcarpum CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: M0387 USE: SWEET DATTOCK [B2771] UF: dialium sp. 2732 BT: AMIN RESIN CONTAINER [M0384] detarium senegalense dialium guineense USE: TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) USE: VELVET TAMARIND [B2773] didelphidae [B2772] USE: OPOSSUM [B1450] dialium sp. 2732 DEVIL RAY USE: DIALIUM [B2928] dietary fiber special claim or use FTC: B2296 USE: FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR BT: MANTA FAMILY [B2298] DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN USE [P0049] UF: mobula hypostoma FTC: B2413 BT: TURTLE [B1242] dietary food DEVILFISH UF: malademys spp. USE: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- FTC: B2297 TARY USE [P0023] BT: MANTA FAMILY [B2298] DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH POISON- UF: mobula mobular ING DIETARY OR THERAPEUTIC FOR- FTC: DSFP MULATION DEVIL'S CLAW BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: A0309 FTC: B2050 BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- DICALCIUM CITRATE UCT [A0172] PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B3074 UF: therapeutic formulation [B1179] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: grapple plant PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX DIETARY SUPPLEMENT UF: harpagophytum procumbens ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: A0398 UF: E 333 DEVILS TONGUE UF: INS 333 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 73

BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] [A0351] UF: E 900 added UF: E 628 added AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: INS 900 added UF: INS 628 added per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 dimocarpus longan DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE USE: LONGAN [B1628] FTC: B3081 dietary use BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- dinner with components separated in PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TARY USE [P0023] serving containers ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL UF: E 632 digitaria exilis [A0139] UF: INS 632 USE: HUNGRY RICE [B2043] dinner, compartmentalized DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE ADDED DILL USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL FTC: H0506 FTC: B1277 [A0139] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- EUROPEAN COMMU- PRODUCING PLANT diodon hystrix NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B1179] USE: PORCUPINE FISH [B2714] TARIUS [H0399] UF: anethum UF: E 632 added diospyros UF: INS 632 added DILUENT OF COLOUR AND OTHER USE: PERSIMMON [B1447] FOOD ADDITIVES DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE FTC: A0399 diospyros bicolor FTC: B3082 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [A0351] diospyros chinensis ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: KAKI [B2766] UF: E 340 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome UF: INS 340 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 diospyros kaki USE: KAKI [B2766] DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE diluted ADDED USE: WATER ADDED [H0148] diospyros mespiliformis FTC: H0507 USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, diluted juice beverage EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED diospyros senegalensis NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [A0130] USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 340 added DILUTED TO 15-49% OF SINGLE DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM INFESTA- UF: INS 340 added STRENGTH TION FTC: H0234 FTC: DBIN DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE BT: WATER ADDED [H0148] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: B3083 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- DILUTED TO 50-99% OF SINGLE diplectrum formosum PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX STRENGTH USE: SAND PERCH [B2301] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0237 UF: E 336 BT: WATER ADDED [H0148] DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE UF: INS 336 FTC: B3079 DIMETHYL DICARBONATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED FTC: B3077 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0508 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 450 EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 450 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 242 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 242 DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE UF: E 336 added ADDED UF: INS 336 added DIMETHYL DICARBONATE ADDED FTC: H0504 FTC: H0502 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, disaccharide added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ADDED [H0136] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 450 added DISHCLOTH GOURD UF: E 242 added UF: INS 450 added FTC: B1721 UF: INS 242 added BT: GOURD [B1719] DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE UF: luffa DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE FTC: B3080 UF: luffa aegyptiaca FTC: B3078 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: luffa cylindrica BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: towel gourd PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: vegetable sponge ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 628 UF: E 900 UF: INS 628 DISINFECTED BY IRRADIATION UF: INS 900 FTC: J0162 DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE BT: PRESERVED BY IONIZING DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE ADDED ADDED RADIATION [J0122] FTC: H0503 FTC: H0505 SN: Used when sufficient radiation BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, (e.g. 1-5 k gy) is applied to EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- destroy pathogenic and food

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spoilage organisms. Exam- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ple: spices. Radurised food TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] should be stored in a cool and UF: E 627 added UF: E 1412 added dry place. UF: INS 627 added UF: INS 1412 added

DISINTEGRATED OR GROUND DISODIUM INOSINATE DISTILLED FTC: E0136 FTC: B3088 FTC: H0270 BT: DIVIDED OR DISINTE- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY GRATED [E0122] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MODIFIED [H0130] SN: Used when particle size is ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] below 0.2 cm. UF: E 631 DISTILLED SPIRITS UF: INS 631 FTC: A0277 DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES BT: ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE FTC: B3084 DISODIUM INOSINATE ADDED [A0278] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0513 UF: hard liquor PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: liquor, alcoholic ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: spirits, distilled UF: E 635 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: Alcoholic beverage prepared UF: INS 635 TARIUS [H0399] by fermentation of grain or UF: E 631 added plant-related products and DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES UF: INS 631 added subsequent distillation (27 ADDED CFR 5.11). FTC: H0509 DISODIUM PHOSPHATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3089 distilled spirits, distinctive EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: DISTINCTIVE DISTILLED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SPIRITS [A0200] TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 635 added UF: E 339 DISTINCTIVE DISTILLED SPIRITS UF: INS 635 added UF: INS 339 FTC: A0200 BT: DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] DISODIUM CITRATE DISODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED UF: distilled spirits, distinctive FTC: B3085 FTC: H0514 UF: spirits, distinctive distilled BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Distilled spirits produced at PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- less than 190 proof and hav- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ing a distinctive flavor and UF: E 331 TARIUS [H0399] aroma derived from the UF: INS 331 UF: E 339 added source (or from flavoring in- UF: INS 339 added gredients added) through a DISODIUM CITRATE ADDED manufacturing process char- FTC: H0510 DISODIUM TARTRATE acteristic of the type. Includes BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3090 whiskey, brandy, rum and EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- similar products. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UF: E 331 added UF: E 335 FTC: US11 UF: INS 331 added UF: INS 335 BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES [US60] DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE DISODIUM TARTRATE ADDED UF: , d.c. FTC: B3086 FTC: H0515 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, DIVIDED INTO HALVES PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: E0116 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: DIVIDED INTO HALVES, UF: E 450 TARIUS [H0399] QUARTERS OR SEGMENTS UF: INS 450 UF: E 335 added [E0133] UF: INS 335 added UF: halved DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED SN: Used for solid products that FTC: H0511 DISPERSING AGENT are divided into two identical BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: A0400 pieces (e.g., peach halves). EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS DIVIDED INTO HALVES, QUAR- TARIUS [H0399] [A0351] TERS OR SEGMENTS UF: E 450 added AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: E0133 UF: INS 450 added per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: DIVIDED OR DISINTE- 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 GRATED [E0122] DISODIUM GUANYLATE SN: Divided into pieces whose FTC: B3087 DISTARCH PHOSPHATE shape is defined in relation to BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3091 the shape of the whole, i.e., PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- halves, quarters, or seg- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ments. It is used regardless UF: E 627 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] of the size of the whole. UF: INS 627 UF: E 1412 UF: INS 1412 DIVIDED INTO PIECES DISODIUM GUANYLATE ADDED FTC: E0152 FTC: H0512 DISTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED BT: DIVIDED OR DISINTE- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0516 GRATED [E0122] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Divided into pieces whose EUROPEAN COMMU- shape bears little or no rela- LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 75

tion to the shape of the whole. *DIVIDED INTO HALVES, DOGFISH SHARK, HERBIVOROUS If all dimensions are below QUARTERS OR SEG- FTC: B2137 0.2 cm., use MENTS* should be examined BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY *DISINTEGRATED OR first and if one of the descrip- [B1912] GROUND*. Examples are: tors listed applies it should be bread slice, cubed beef, used regardless of the size of dogfish, spiny sliced carrot, cut green the pieces. If none of these USE: SPINY DOGFISH [B1913] beans, apple ring, shredded are applicable, other cabbage or cheese. *DIVIDED OR DISINTE- DOLICHOS GRATED* descriptors should FTC: B2330 DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICK- be examined. Do not use any BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) NESS <0.3 CM. of these descriptors if dividing [B1567] FTC: E0100 or disintegrating results in a BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES semiliquid or semisolid prod- dolichos lablab [E0152] uct. USE: HYACINTH BEAN [B1725] UF: chopped UF: coarsely grated DJIBOUTI dolichos sesquipedalis UF: coarsely ground FTC: DJ USE: YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] UF: cracked into small size pieces BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] UF: crumbs UF: afars issas dolichos unguiculata UF: flaked (physical state) UF: french terrritory of the afars USE: CATJANG BEAN [B1919] UF: grated coarsely and issas UF: minced DOLLY VARDEN UF: shredded dock (plant) FTC: B1683 USE: SORREL [B1641] BT: TROUT [B1258] DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICK- UF: salvelinus malma NESS >1.5 CM. DODECYL GALLATE FTC: E0125 FTC: B3092 DOLPHIN BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1917 [E0152] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: DOLPHIN FAMILY [B1918] UF: broken into large pieces ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: coryphaena hippurus UF: cut into large pieces UF: E 312 UF: dorado UF: INS 312 UF: mahi mahi DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICK- NESS 0.3-1.5 CM. DODECYL GALLATE ADDED DOLPHIN FAMILY FTC: E0115 FTC: H0517 FTC: B1918 BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] [E0152] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: coryphaenidae UF: cracked into medium size NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- pieces TARIUS [H0399] DOMESTIC OR CULTIVATED UF: cut UF: E 312 added FTC: Z0154 UF: diced UF: INS 312 added BT: AGRICULTURAL PRODUC- TION ENVIRONMENT DIVIDED INTO QUARTERS DOE (GOAT) [Z0152] FTC: E0148 FTC: B2611 BT: DIVIDED INTO HALVES, BT: GOAT [B1328] DOMINICA QUARTERS OR SEGMENTS UF: nanny goat FTC: DM [E0133] BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS UF: quartered does not promote tooth decay claim [QO01] SN: Used for solid products that or use are divided into four identical USE: TOOTH DECAY-RELATED DOMINICAN REPUBLIC pieces (e.g., quartered arti- CLAIM OR USE [P0125] FTC: DO choke heart). BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS DOG FOOD [QO01] DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS OR FTC: P0031 WEDGES BT: PET FOOD [P0029] DONKEY FTC: E0107 FTC: B2096 BT: DIVIDED INTO HALVES, DOG ROSE BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) QUARTERS OR SEGMENTS FTC: B2961 [B1134] [E0133] BT: ROSE [B1225] UF: equus asinus UF: segmented UF: wedge-shaped DOGFISH SHARK doom palm SN: Used for solid products that FTC: B1195 USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] are divided into more than BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY four pieces each of which is [B1912] dorado the same shape (e.g., wedge UF: squalus spp. USE: DOLPHIN [B1917] of cheese). DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY DORY FAMILY DIVIDED OR DISINTEGRATED FTC: B1912 FTC: B1891 FTC: E0122 BT: FISH, SQUALIFORM [B1911] BT: FISH, ZEIFORM [B1895] BT: SOLID [E0151] UF: squalidae UF: zeidae SN: The distinctions in this cate- gory are based on size char- DOGFISH SHARK, CARNIVOROUS double boiler cooked acteristics, primarily thick- FTC: B2136 USE: COOKED IN DOUBLE ness, which are important for BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY BOILER [G0033] heat transfer and for diffusion [B1912] of chemicals in processing. DOUGH CONDITIONER

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FTC: A0401 UF: sauce, condiment, dressing SN: Used when the pressure is BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, or gravy reduced to increase the effi- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SN: Seasoned product that con- ciency of water removal. [A0351] tains multiple ingredients and AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- that is used in limited dromaeus novaehollandiae per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome amounts to accompany other USE: EMU [B2719] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 foods; excludes flavors, spices and herbs. DRUM DOUGHNUT FTC: B1204 FTC: A0248 DRIED BY IR HEAT RADIATION BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, FTC: J0166 UF: aplodinotus spp. SWEETENED [A0135] BT: DRIED UNDER NORMAL UF: cruller PRESSURE [J0143] DRUM (CONTAINER) SN: Deep-fat fried sweetened SN: Used when susceptible mate- FTC: M0198 bakery product that may be rials are dried by electromag- BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- leavened with yeast or baking netic radiation with wave- PING BY FORM [M0195] powder. lengths between 0.76 and 1 UF: barrel mm. DOUM PALM DRUM FAMILY FTC: B2782 DRIED BY MICROWAVE RADIA- FTC: B2005 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- TION BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: J0165 UF: sciaenidae UF: corypha thebaica BT: DRIED BY RADIATION UF: doom palm [J0163] DRUM-DRIED UF: egyptian doum SN: Used when the water activity FTC: J0140 UF: gingerbread palm is lowered enough by micro- BT: DRIED UNDER NORMAL UF: gingerbread tree wave radiation in order to PRESSURE [J0143] UF: hyphaene dahomeensis achieve preservation. Also in- UF: hyphaene guineensis dex *WATER REMOVED* in drumstick meat, poultry UF: hyphaene thebaica facet H - Treatment applied. USE: DARK MEAT [Z0002] UF: hyphaene togoensis Example: tea. UF: vegetable ivory palm drumstick tree DRIED BY RADIATION USE: HORSERADISH TREE DOVE FTC: J0163 [B1748] FTC: B1203 BT: DEHYDRATED OR DRIED BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD [J0116] DRY CLIMATIC ZONE [B1563] SN: Used when the water activity FTC: CLZ04 is lowered enough by high BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] DOVER SOLE frequency heating in order to FTC: B1511 achieve preservation. Also in- dry cooked BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER dex *WATER REMOVED* in USE: COOKED BY DRY HEAT FAMILY [B1856] facet H - Treatment applied. [G0004] UF: microstomus pacificus UF: sole, dover DRIED OR CANDIED FRUIT ADDED DRY MIX FTC: H0364 FTC: Z0090 dragon eyes BT: FRUIT ADDED [H0147] BT: FORMULATED MIX [Z0074] USE: LONGAN [B1628] UF: candied fruit added SN: A formulated mix with low SN: Used when a dried or candied water activity. Excludes dry DRAWN CAN fruit is the second ingredient beverage bases. FTC: M0216 in order of predominance, if it BT: CAN [M0204] is used as a filling, or if it is dry roasted UF: two-part can part of the product name. USE: FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED [H0247] DRESSING FOR FOOD dried or dehydrated FTC: A0276 USE: DEHYDRATED OR DRIED dry salted BT: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, [J0116] USE: PRESERVED BY DRY GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] SALTING [J0139] UF: food dressing DRIED UNDER NORMAL PRES- SN: Standardized or nonstandard- SURE DRYING AGENT ized mixture of edible fats or FTC: J0143 FTC: A0402 oils, acidifying agents and op- BT: ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, tional ingredients such as [J0144] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS sweeteners (nutritive or non- [A0351] nutritive), starch, egg and DRIED UNDER OVER PRESSURE AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- seasonings. Used in limited FTC: J0168 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome amounts to accompany sal- BT: ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ads and other foods. [J0144] SN: Used when a product is de- dublin bay prawn DRESSING, CONDIMENT, GRAVY hydrated under pressure. Ex- USE: DEEP SEA LOBSTER OR SAUCE ample: vegetable or fruit [B2232] FTC: A0105 juices, milk. BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA DUCK [A0289] DRIED UNDER REDUCED PRES- FTC: B1316 UF: condiment, dressing, gravy or SURE BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD sauce FTC: J0112 [B1563] UF: gravy, condiment, dressing or BT: ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED sauce [J0144] duck potato LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 77

USE: ARROWHEAD [B1716] E 122 E 101 USE: AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY USE: RIBOFLAVIN-5'- [B3009] FTC: B2533 PHOSPHATE [B3234] BT: EEL [B1278] E 122 added UF: nettastomatidae E 101 added USE: AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE USE: RIBOFLAVIN ADDED ADDED [H0434] DUCKBILL FLATHEAD [H0658] FTC: B2531 E 123 BT: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] E 101 added USE: AMARANTH [B2993] UF: bembrops anatirostris USE: RIBOFLAVIN-5'- PHOSPHATE ADDED E 123 added DULSE [H0659] USE: AMARANTH ADDED [H0418] FTC: B2411 BT: RHODYMENIA [B2410] E 102 E 124 USE: TARTRAZINE [B3302] USE: PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL dung gwa RED A [B3199] USE: CHINESE PRESERVING E 102 added MELON [B1616] USE: TARTRAZINE ADDED E 124 added [H0727] USE: PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL DUNGENESS CRAB RED A ADDED [H0624] FTC: B1180 E 104 BT: ROCK CRAB FAMILY USE: QUINOLINE YELLOW E 127 [B2351] [B3231] USE: ERYTHROSINE [B3094] UF: cancer magister E 104 added E 127 added DURIAN USE: QUINOLINE YELLOW USE: ERYTHROSINE ADDED FTC: B2448 ADDED [H0656] [H0519] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] E 110 E 128 UF: durio zibethinus USE: SUNSET YELLOW FCF, USE: RED 2G [B3232] ORANGE YELLOW S durio zibethinus [B3297] E 128 added USE: DURIAN [B2448] USE: RED 2G ADDED [H0657] E 110 added DURRA, BROWN USE: SUNSET YELLOW FCF, E 129 FTC: B2622 ORANGE YELLOW S USE: ALLURA RED AC [B2985] BT: SORGHUM [B1448] ADDED [H0722] BT: SORGHUM [B1448] E 129 added UF: brown durra E 1105 USE: ALLURA RED AC ADDED UF: guinea corn USE: LYSOZYME [B3135] [H0410] UF: indian millet (sorghum) UF: red guinea corn E 1105 added E 131 USE: LYSOZYME ADDED [H0560] USE: PATENT BLUE V [B3181] DURUM WHEAT FTC: B1079 E 120 E 131 added BT: WHEAT [B1312] USE: COCHINEAL, CARMINIC USE: PATENT BLUE V ADDED UF: triticum turgidum var. durum ACID, CARMINES [B3068] [H0606]

DUSTING POWDER E 120 added E 132 FTC: A0403 USE: COCHINEAL, CARMINIC USE: INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CAR- BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, ACID, CARMINES ADDED MINE [B3122] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [H0493] [A0351] E 132 added AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- E 1200 USE: INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CAR- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: POLYDEXTROSE [B3188] MINE ADDED [H0547] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 E 1200 added E 133 dutch processed USE: POLYDEXTROSE ADDED USE: BRILLIANT BLUE FCF USE: ALKALIZED [H0206] [H0613] [B3019]

DWARF BANANA E 1201 E 133 added FTC: B1559 USE: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE USE: BRILLIANT BLUE FCF BT: BANANA [B1266] [B3198] ADDED [H0444] UF: chinese banana UF: ladyfinger banana E 1201 added E 140 UF: musa acuminata, var. dwarf USE: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE USE: CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3064] cavendish ADDED [H0623] E 140 E 100 E 1202 USE: CHLOROPHYLLS [B3065] USE: CURCUMIN [B3071] USE: POLYVINYLPOLYPYR- ROLIDONE [B3197] E 140 added E 100 added USE: CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED USE: CURCUMIN ADDED [H0496] E 1202 added [H0489] USE: POLYVINYLPOLYPYR- E 101 ROLIDONE ADDED [H0622] E 140 added USE: RIBOFLAVIN [B3233]

78 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH USE: BRILLIANT BLACK BN, [H0490] ADIPATE [B2979] BLACK PN ADDED [H0443]

E 1404 E 1422 added E 1518 USE: OXIDIZED STARCH [B3178] USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH USE: GLYCERYL TRIACETATE ADIPATE ADDED [H0404] [B3109] E 1404 added USE: OXIDIZED STARCH ADDED E 1440 E 1518 added [H0603] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL USE: GLYCERYL TRIACETATE STARCH [B3119] ADDED [H0534] E 141 USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF E 1440 added E 153 CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3069] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL USE: VEGETABLE CARBON STARCH ADDED [H0544] [B3320] E 141 USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF E 1442 E 153 added CHLOROPHYLLS [B3070] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL DIS- USE: VEGETABLE CARBON TARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0745] E 141 added [B3118] USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF E 154 CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED E 1442 added USE: BROWN FK [B3020] [H0494] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL DIS- TARCH PHOSPHATE E 154 added E 141 added ADDED [H0543] USE: BROWN FK ADDED [H0445] USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED E 1450 E 155 [H0495] USE: STARCH SODIUM OC- USE: BROWN HT [B3021] TENYL SUCCINATE [B3288] E 1410 E 155 added USE: MONOSTARCH PHOS- E 1450 added USE: BROWN HT ADDED [H0446] PHATE [B3168] USE: STARCH SODIUM OC- TENYL SUCCINATE ADDED E 160a E 1410 added [H0713] USE: BETA-CAROTENE [B3015] USE: MONOSTARCH PHOS- PHATE ADDED [H0593] E 1505 E 160a USE: TRIETHYL CITRATE [B3314] USE: MIXED CAROTENES E 1412 [B3154] USE: DISTARCH PHOSPHATE E 1505 added [B3091] USE: TRIETHYL CITRATE ADDED E 160a added [H0739] USE: BETA-CAROTENE ADDED E 1412 added [H0440] USE: DISTARCH PHOSPHATE E 150a ADDED [H0516] USE: PLAIN CARAMEL [B3187] E 160a added USE: MIXED CAROTENES E 1413 E 150a added ADDED [H0579] USE: PHOSPHATED DISTARCH USE: PLAIN CARAMEL ADDED PHOSPHATE [B3185] [H0612] E 160b USE: ANNATTO, BIXIN, NOR- E 1413 added E 150b BIXIN [B3002] USE: PHOSPHATED DISTARCH USE: CAUSTIC SULPHITE PHOSPHATE ADDED CARAMEL [B3063] E 160b added [H0610] USE: ANNATTO, BIXIN, NOR- E 150b added BIXIN ADDED [H0427] E 1414 USE: CAUSTIC SULPHITE USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH CARAMEL ADDED [H0488] E 160c PHOSPHATE [B2980] USE: PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAP- E 150c SANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN E 1414 added USE: AMMONIA CARAMEL [B3180] USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH [B2995] PHOSPHATE ADDED E 160c added [H0405] E 150c added USE: PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAP- USE: AMMONIA CARAMEL SANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN E 142 ADDED [H0420] ADDED [H0605] USE: GREENS S [B3112] E 150d E 160d E 142 added USE: SULPHITE AMMONIA USE: LYCOPENE [B3134] USE: GREENS S ADDED [H0537] CARAMEL [B3294] E 160d added E 1420 E 150d added USE: LYCOPENE ADDED [H0559] USE: ACETYLATED STARCH USE: SULPHITE AMMONIA [B2981] CARAMEL ADDED [H0719] E 160e USE: BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL E 1420 added E 151 (C 30) [B3014] USE: ACETYLATED STARCH USE: BRILLIANT BLACK BN, ADDED [H0406] BLACK PN [B3018] E 160e added USE: BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL E 1422 E 151 added (C 30) ADDED [H0439] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 79

E 174 E 160f USE: SILVER [B3238] E 214 added USE: ETHYL ESTER OF BETA- USE: ETHYL P- APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID E 174 added HYDROXYBENZOATE (C 30) [B3095] USE: SILVER ADDED [H0663] ADDED [H0522]

E 160f added E 175 E 215 USE: ETHYL ESTER OF BETA- USE: GOLD [B3111] USE: SODIUM ETHYL P- APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID HYDROXYBENZOATE (C 30) ADDED [H0520] E 175 added [B3251] USE: GOLD ADDED [H0536] E 161b E 215 added USE: LUTEIN [B3133] E 180 USE: SODIUM ETHYL P- USE: LITHOLRUBINE BK [B3131] HYDROXYBENZOATE E 161b added ADDED [H0676] USE: LUTEIN ADDED [H0558] E 180 added USE: LITHOLRUBINE BK ADDED E 216 E 161g [H0556] USE: PROPYL P- USE: CANTHAXANTHIN [B3057] HYDROXYBENZOATE E 200 [B3229] E 161g added USE: SORBIC ACID [B3279] USE: CANTHAXANTHIN ADDED E 216 added [H0482] E 200 added USE: PROPYL P- USE: SORBIC ACID ADDED HYDROXYBENZOATE E 162 [H0704] ADDED [H0654] USE: BEETROOT RED, BETANIN [B3011] E 202 E 217 USE: POTASSIUM SORBATE USE: SODIUM PROPYL P- E 162 added [B3221] HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: BEETROOT RED, BETANIN [B3271] ADDED [H0436] E 202 added USE: POTASSIUM SORBATE E 217 added E 163 ADDED [H0646] USE: SODIUM PROPYL P- USE: ANTHOCYANINS [B3003] HYDROXYBENZOATE E 203 ADDED [H0696] E 163 added USE: CALCIUM SORBATE USE: ANTHOCYANINS ADDED [B3051] E 218 [H0428] USE: METHYL P- E 203 added HYDROXYBENZOATE E 170 USE: CALCIUM SORBATE [B3151] USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0476] CARBONATE [B3024] E 218 added E 210 USE: METHYL P- E 170 USE: BENZOIC ACID [B3013] HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: CALCIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0576] [B3031] E 210 added USE: BENZOIC ACID ADDED E 219 E 170 added [H0438] USE: SODIUM METHYL P- USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN HYDROXYBENZOATE CARBONATE ADDED E 211 [B3264] [H0449] USE: SODIUM BENZOATE [B3245] E 219 added E 170 added USE: SODIUM METHYL P- USE: CALCIUM CARBONATE E 211 added HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0456] USE: SODIUM BENZOATE ADDED [H0689] ADDED [H0670] E 171 E 220 USE: TITANIUM DIOXIDE [B3308] E 212 USE: SULPHUR DIOXIDE [B3295] USE: POTASSIUM BENZOATE E 171 added [B3204] E 220 added USE: TITANIUM DIOXIDE ADDED USE: SULPHUR DIOXIDE ADDED [H0733] E 212 added [H0720] USE: POTASSIUM BENZOATE E 172 ADDED [H0629] E 221 USE: IRON OXIDES AND HY- USE: SODIUM SULPHITE [B3276] DROXIDES [B3124] E 213 USE: CALCIUM BENZOATE E 221 added E 172 added [B3030] USE: SODIUM SULPHITE ADDED USE: IRON OXIDES AND HY- [H0701] DROXIDES ADDED [H0549] E 213 added USE: CALCIUM BENZOATE E 222 E 173 ADDED [H0455] USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- USE: ALUMINIUM [B2987] PHITE [B3259] E 214 E 173 added USE: ETHYL P- E 222 added USE: ALUMINIUM ADDED [H0412] HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- [B3097] PHITE ADDED [H0684]

80 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

E 262 added E 223 E 235 USE: SODIUM ACETATE ADDED USE: SODIUM METABISULPHITE USE: NATAMYCIN [B3170] [H0664] [B3263] E 235 added E 262 added E 223 added USE: NATAMYCIN ADDED USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN ACE- USE: SODIUM METABISULPHITE [H0595] TATE (SODIUM DIACE- ADDED [H0688] TATE) ADDED [H0680] E 239 E 224 USE: HEXAMETHYLENE TETRA- E 263 USE: POTASSIUM METABISUL- MINE [B3116] USE: CALCIUM ACETATE [B3026] PHITE [B3215] E 239 added E 263 added E 224 added USE: HEXAMETHYLENE TETRA- USE: CALCIUM ACETATE ADDED USE: POTASSIUM METABISUL- MINE ADDED [H0541] [H0451] PHITE ADDED [H0640] E 242 E 270 E 226 USE: DIMETHYL DICARBONATE USE: LACTIC ACID [B3127] USE: CALCIUM SULPHITE [B3077] [B3054] E 270 added E 242 added USE: LACTIC ACID ADDED E 226 added USE: DIMETHYL DICARBONATE [H0552] USE: CALCIUM SULPHITE ADDED [H0502] ADDED [H0479] E 280 E 249 USE: PROPIONIC ACID [B3227] E 227 USE: POTASSIUM NITRITE USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN [B3217] E 280 added SULPHITE [B3041] USE: PROPIONIC ACID ADDED E 249 added [H0652] E 227 added USE: POTASSIUM NITRITE USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0642] E 281 SULPHITE ADDED [H0466] USE: SODIUM PROPIONATE E 250 [B3270] E 228 USE: SODIUM NITRITE [B3266] USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN E 281 added SULPHITE [B3211] E 250 added USE: SODIUM PROPIONATE USE: SODIUM NITRITE ADDED ADDED [H0695] E 228 added [H0691] USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN E 282 SULPHITE ADDED [H0636] E 251 USE: CALCIUM PROPIONATE USE: SODIUM NITRATE [B3265] [B3048] E 230 USE: BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL E 251 added E 282 added [B3016] USE: SODIUM NITRATE ADDED USE: CALCIUM PROPIONATE [H0690] ADDED [H0473] E 230 added USE: BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL E 252 E 283 ADDED [H0441] USE: POTASSIUM NITRATE USE: POTASSIUM PROPIONATE [B3216] [B3219] E 231 USE: ORTOPHENYL PHENOL E 252 added E 283 added [B3176] USE: POTASSIUM NITRATE USE: POTASSIUM PROPIONATE ADDED [H0641] ADDED [H0644] E 231 added USE: ORTOPHENYL PHENOL E 260 E 284 ADDED [H0601] USE: ACETIC ACID [B2977] USE: BORIC ACID [B3017]

E 232 E 260 added E 284 added USE: SODIUM ORTOPHENYL USE: ACETIC ACID ADDED USE: BORIC ACID ADDED PHENOL [B3267] [H0402] [H0442]

E 232 added E 261 E 285 USE: SODIUM ORTOPHENYL USE: POTASSIUM ACETATE USE: SODIUM TETRABORATE PHENOL ADDED [H0692] [B3200] (BORAX) [B3277]

E 233 E 261 added E 285 added USE: THIABENDAZOLE [B3307] USE: POTASSIUM ACETATE USE: SODIUM TETRABORATE ADDED [H0625] (BORAX) ADDED [H0702] E 233 added USE: THIABENDAZOLE ADDED E 262 E 290 [H0732] USE: SODIUM ACETATE [B3239] USE: CARBON DIOXIDE [B3059]

E 234 E 262 E 290 added USE: NISIN [B3172] USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN ACE- USE: CARBON DIOXIDE ADDED TATE (SODIUM DIACE- [H0484] E 234 added TATE) [B3255] USE: NISIN ADDED [H0597] E 296 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 81

USE: MALIC ACID [B3145] USE: DELTA-TOCOPHEROL USE: POTASSIUM LACTATE [B3073] [B3213] E 296 added USE: MALIC ACID ADDED [H0570] E 309 added E 326 added USE: DELTA-TOCOPHEROL USE: POTASSIUM LACTATE E 297 ADDED [H0498] ADDED [H0638] USE: FUMARIC ACID [B3101] E 310 E 327 E 297 added USE: PROPYL GALLATE [B3228] USE: CALCIUM LACTATE [B3044] USE: FUMARIC ACID ADDED [H0526] E 310 added E 327 added USE: PROPYL GALLATE ADDED USE: CALCIUM LACTATE ADDED E 300 [H0653] [H0469] USE: ASCORBIC ACID [B3005] E 311 E 330 E 300 added USE: OCTYL GALLATE [B3175] USE: CITRIC ACID [B3066] USE: ASCORBIC ACID ADDED [H0430] E 311 added E 330 added USE: OCTYL GALLATE ADDED USE: CITRIC ACID ADDED E 301 [H0600] [H0491] USE: SODIUM ASCORBATE [B3244] E 312 E 331 USE: DODECYL GALLATE USE: DISODIUM CITRATE [B3085] E 301 added [B3092] USE: SODIUM ASCORBATE E 331 ADDED [H0669] E 312 added USE: MONOSODIUM CITRATE USE: DODECYL GALLATE [B3164] E 302 ADDED [H0517] USE: CALCIUM ASCORBATE E 331 [B3029] E 315 USE: TRISODIUM CITRATE USE: ERYTHORBIC ACID [B3093] [B3317] E 302 added USE: CALCIUM ASCORBATE E 315 added E 331 added ADDED [H0454] USE: ERYTHORBIC ACID ADDED USE: DISODIUM CITRATE [H0518] ADDED [H0510] E 304 USE: ASCORBYL PALMITATE E 316 E 331 added [B3006] USE: SODIUM ERYTHORBATE USE: MONOSODIUM CITRATE [B3250] ADDED [H0589] E 304 USE: ASCORBYL STEARATE E 316 added E 331 added [B3007] USE: SODIUM ERYTHORBATE USE: TRISODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0675] ADDED [H0742] E 304 added USE: ASCORBYL PALMITATE E 320 E 332 ADDED [H0431] USE: BUTYLATED HY- USE: MONOPOTASSIUM CIT- DROXYANISOLE (BHA) RATE [B3160] E 304 added [B3022] USE: ASCORBYL STEARATE E 332 ADDED [H0432] E 320 added USE: TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE USE: BUTYLATED HY- [B3315] E 306 DROXYANISOLE (BHA) USE: TOCOPHEROL-RICH EX- ADDED [H0447] E 332 added TRACT [B3309] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM CIT- E 321 RATE ADDED [H0585] E 306 added USE: BUTYLATED HYDROXY- USE: TOCOPHEROL-RICH EX- TOLUENE (BHT) [B3023] E 332 added TRACT ADDED [H0734] USE: TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE E 321 added ADDED [H0740] E 307 USE: BUTYLATED HYDROXY- USE: ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL TOLUENE (BHT) ADDED E 333 [B2986] [H0448] USE: DICALCIUM CITRATE [B3074] E 307 added E 322 USE: ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL USE: LECITHINS [B3130] E 333 ADDED [H0411] USE: MONOCALCIUM CITRATE E 322 added [B3158] E 308 USE: LECITHINS ADDED [H0555] USE: GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL E 333 [B3102] E 325 USE: TRICALCIUM CITRATE USE: SODIUM LACTATE [B3261] [B3312] E 308 added USE: GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL E 325 added E 333 added ADDED [H0527] USE: SODIUM LACTATE ADDED USE: DICALCIUM CITRATE [H0686] ADDED [H0499] E 309 E 326 E 333 added

82 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: MONOCALCIUM CITRATE USE: POTASSIUM MALATE ADDED [H0583] E 339 added ADDED [H0639] USE: MONOSODIUM PHOS- E 333 added PHATE ADDED [H0591] E 352 USE: TRICALCIUM CITRATE USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0737] E 339 added MALATE [B3040] USE: TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE E 334 ADDED [H0744] E 352 USE: TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) USE: CALCIUM MALATE [B3045] [B3300] E 340 USE: DIPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 352 added E 334 added PHATE [B3082] USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) MALATE ADDED [H0465] ADDED [H0725] E 340 USE: MONOPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 352 added E 335 PHATE [B3162] USE: CALCIUM MALATE ADDED USE: DISODIUM TARTRATE [H0470] [B3090] E 340 USE: TRIPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 353 E 335 PHATE [B3316] USE: METATARTARIC ACID USE: MONOSODIUM TARTRATE [B3149] [B3167] E 340 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 353 added E 335 added PHATE ADDED [H0507] USE: METATARTARIC ACID USE: DISODIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0574] ADDED [H0515] E 340 added USE: MONOPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 354 E 335 added PHATE ADDED [H0587] USE: CALCIUM TARTRATE USE: MONOSODIUM TARTRATE [B3055] ADDED [H0592] E 340 added USE: TRIPOTASSIUM PHOS- E 354 added E 336 PHATE ADDED [H0741] USE: CALCIUM TARTRATE USE: DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0480] [B3083] E 341 USE: DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE E 355 E 336 [B3076] USE: ADIPIC ACID [B2982] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM TAR- TRATE [B3163] E 341 E 355 added USE: MONOCALCIUM PHOS- USE: ADIPIC ACID ADDED E 336 added PHATE [B3159] [H0407] USE: DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0508] E 341 E 356 USE: TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE USE: SODIUM ADIPATE [B3240] E 336 added [B3313] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM TAR- E 356 added TRATE ADDED [H0588] E 341 added USE: SODIUM ADIPATE ADDED USE: DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE [H0665] E 337 ADDED [H0501] USE: SODIUM POTASSIUM TAR- E 357 TRATE [B3269] E 341 added USE: POTASSIUM ADIPATE USE: MONOCALCIUM PHOS- [B3201] E 337 added PHATE ADDED [H0584] USE: SODIUM POTASSIUM TAR- E 357 added TRATE ADDED [H0694] E 341 added USE: POTASSIUM ADIPATE USE: TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0626] E 338 ADDED [H0738] USE: PHOSPHORIC ACID [B3186] E 363 E 350 USE: SUCCINIC ACID [B3290] E 338 added USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN MAL- USE: PHOSPHORIC ACID ADDED ATE [B3257] E 363 added [H0611] USE: SUCCINIC ACID ADDED E 350 [H0715] E 339 USE: SODIUM MALATE [B3262] USE: DISODIUM PHOSPHATE E 380 [B3089] E 350 added USE: TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN MAL- [B3311] E 339 ATE ADDED [H0682] USE: MONOSODIUM PHOS- E 380 added PHATE [B3166] E 350 added USE: TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE USE: SODIUM MALATE ADDED ADDED [H0736] E 339 [H0687] USE: TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE E 385 [B3319] E 351 USE: CALCIUM DISODIUM ETH- USE: POTASSIUM MALATE YLENE DIAMINE TETRA- E 339 added [B3214] ACETATE (CALCIUM DISO- USE: DISODIUM PHOSPHATE DIUM EDTA) [B3036] ADDED [H0514] E 351 added LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 83

E 385 added E 412 added USE: CALCIUM DISODIUM ETH- USE: GUAR GUM ADDED [H0539] E 432 YLENE DIAMINE TETRA- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) ACETATE (CALCIUM DISO- E 413 SORBITAN MONOLAURATE DIUM EDTA) ADDED USE: TRAGACANTH [B3310] (POLYSORBATE 20) [B3191] [H0461] E 413 added E 432 added E 400 USE: TRAGACANTH ADDED USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) USE: ALGINIC ACID [B2984] [H0735] SORBITAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 20) E 400 added E 414 ADDED [H0616] USE: ALGINIC ACID ADDED USE: ACACIA GUM (GUM ARA- [H0409] BIC) [B2975] E 433 USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) E 401 E 414 added SORBITAN MONOOLEATE USE: SODIUM ALGINATE [B3241] USE: ACACIA GUM (GUM ARA- (POLYSORBATE 80) [B3192] BIC) ADDED [H0400] E 401 added E 433 added USE: SODIUM ALGINATE ADDED E 415 USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) [H0666] USE: XANTHAN GUM [B3321] SORBITAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) E 402 E 415 added ADDED [H0617] USE: POTASSIUM ALGINATE USE: XANTHAN GUM ADDED [B3202] [H0746] E 434 USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) E 402 added E 416 SORBITAN MONOPALMI- USE: POTASSIUM ALGINATE USE: KARAYA GUM [B3126] TATE (POLYSORBATE 40) ADDED [H0627] [B3193] E 416 added E 403 USE: KARAYA GUM ADDED E 434 added USE: AMMONIUM ALGINATE [H0551] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) [B2996] SORBITAN MONOPALMI- E 417 TATE (POLYSORBATE 40) E 403 added USE: TARA GUM [B3299] ADDED [H0618] USE: AMMONIUM ALGINATE ADDED [H0421] E 417 added E 435 USE: TARA GUM ADDED [H0724] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) E 404 SORBITAN USE: CALCIUM ALGINATE E 418 MONOSTEARATE (POLY- [B3027] USE: GELLAN GUM [B3103] SORBATE 60) [B3194]

E 404 added E 418 added E 435 added USE: CALCIUM ALGINATE USE: GELLAN GUM ADDED USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) ADDED [H0452] [H0528] SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLY- E 405 E 420 SORBATE 60) ADDED USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGI- USE: SORBITOL [B3285] [H0619] NATE [B3225] E 420 E 436 E 405 added USE: SORBITOL SYRUP [B3286] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGI- SORBITAN TRISTEARATE NATE ADDED [H0650] E 420 added (POLYSORBATE 65) [B3195] USE: SORBITOL ADDED [H0710] E 406 E 436 added USE: AGAR [B2983] E 420 added USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) USE: SORBITOL SYRUP ADDED SORBITAN TRISTEARATE E 406 added [H0711] (POLYSORBATE 65) USE: AGAR ADDED [H0408] ADDED [H0620] E 421 E 407 USE: MANNITOL [B3148] E 440 USE: CARRAGEENAN [B3062] USE: AMIDATED PECTIN [B2994] E 421 added E 407 added USE: MANNITOL ADDED [H0573] E 440 USE: CARRAGEENAN ADDED USE: PECTIN [B3182] [H0487] E 422 USE: GLYCEROL [B3107] E 440 added E 410 USE: AMIDATED PECTIN ADDED USE: LOCUST BEAN GUM E 422 added [H0419] [B3132] USE: GLYCEROL ADDED [H0532] E 440 added E 410 added E 431 USE: PECTIN ADDED [H0607] USE: LOCUST BEAN GUM USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) ADDED [H0557] STEARATE [B3196] E 442 USE: AMMONIUM PHOSPHATI- E 412 E 431 added DES [B3000] USE: GUAR GUM [B3114] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE ADDED [H0621] E 442 added

84 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: AMMONIUM PHOSPHATI- USE: HYDROXYPROPYL CELLU- DES ADDED [H0425] E 451 LOSE [B3120] USE: PENTAPOTASSIUM TRI- E 444 PHOSPHATE [B3183] E 463 added USE: SUCROSE ACETATE ISO- USE: HYDROXYPROPYL CELLU- BUTYRATE [B3292] E 451 LOSE ADDED [H0545] USE: PENTASODIUM TRIPHOS- E 444 added PHATE [B3184] E 464 USE: SUCROSE ACETATE ISO- USE: HYDROXYPROPYL BUTYRATE ADDED [H0717] E 451 added METHYL CELLULOSE USE: PENTAPOTASSIUM TRI- [B3121] E 445 PHOSPHATE ADDED USE: GLYCEROL ESTERS OF [H0608] E 464 added WOOD ROSINS [B3108] USE: HYDROXYPROPYL E 451 added METHYL CELLULOSE E 445 added USE: PENTASODIUM TRIPHOS- ADDED [H0546] USE: GLYCEROL ESTERS OF PHATE ADDED [H0609] WOOD ROSINS ADDED E 465 [H0533] E 452 USE: ETHYL METHYL CELLU- USE: CALCIUM POLYPHOS- LOSE [B3096] E 450 PHATES [B3047] USE: CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN E 465 added DIPHOSPHATE [B3035] E 452 USE: ETHYL METHYL CELLU- USE: POTASSIUM POLYPHOS- LOSE ADDED [H0521] E 450 PHATE [B3218] USE: DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE E 466 [B3075] E 452 USE: CARBOXY METHYL CELLU- USE: SODIUM CALCIUM POLY- LOSE [B3060] E 450 PHOSPHATE [B3246] USE: DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOS- E 466 PHATE [B3079] E 452 USE: SODIUM CARBOXY USE: SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE METHYL CELLULOSE E 450 [B3268] [B3248] USE: DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3086] E 452 added E 466 added USE: CALCIUM POLYPHOS- USE: CARBOXY METHYL CELLU- E 450 PHATES ADDED [H0472] LOSE ADDED [H0485] USE: TETRAPOTASSIUM DI- PHOSPHATE [B3303] E 452 added E 466 added USE: POTASSIUM POLYPHOS- USE: SODIUM CARBOXY E 450 PHATE ADDED [H0643] METHYL CELLULOSE USE: TETRASODIUM DIPHOS- ADDED [H0673] PHATE [B3304] E 452 added USE: SODIUM CALCIUM POLY- E 470a E 450 PHOSPHATE ADDED USE: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND USE: TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [H0671] CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY [B3318] ACIDS [B3278] E 452 added E 450 added USE: SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE E 470a added USE: CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN ADDED [H0693] USE: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND DIPHOSPHATE ADDED CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY [H0460] E 460 ACIDS ADDED [H0703] USE: MICROCRYSTALLINE CEL- E 450 added LULOSE [B3152] E 470b USE: DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE USE: MAGNESIUM SALTS OF ADDED [H0500] E 460 FATTY ACIDS [B3142] USE: POWDERED CELLULOSE E 450 added [B3223] E 470b added USE: DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOS- USE: MAGNESIUM SALTS OF PHATE ADDED [H0504] E 460 added FATTY ACIDS ADDED USE: MICROCRYSTALLINE CEL- [H0567] E 450 added LULOSE ADDED [H0577] USE: DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE E 471 ADDED [H0511] E 460 added USE: MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: POWDERED CELLULOSE ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 450 added ADDED [H0648] [B3156] USE: TETRAPOTASSIUM DI- PHOSPHATE ADDED E 461 E 471 added [H0728] USE: METHYL CELLULOSE USE: MONO- AND DIGLYC- [B3150] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 450 added ADDED [H0581] USE: TETRASODIUM DIPHOS- E 461 added PHATE ADDED [H0729] USE: METHYL CELLULOSE E 472a ADDED [H0575] USE: ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF E 450 added MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE E 463 ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0743] [B2978] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 85

USE: SUCROSE ESTERS OF USE: STEARYL TARTRATE E 472a added FATTY ACIDS ADDED ADDED [H0714] USE: ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF [H0718] MONO- AND DIGLYC- E 491 ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 474 USE: SORBITAN MONOSTE- ADDED [H0403] USE: SUCROGLYCERIDES ARATE [B3283] [B3291] E 472b E 491 added USE: LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF E 474 added USE: SORBITAN MONOSTE- MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: SUCROGLYCERIDES ARATE ADDED [H0708] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0716] [B3128] E 475 E 492 E 472b added USE: POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS USE: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE USE: LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF OF FATTY ACIDS [B3189] [B3284] MONO- AND DIGLYC- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 475 added E 492 added ADDED [H0553] USE: POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS USE: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED ADDED [H0709] E 472c [H0614] USE: CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF E 493 MONO- AND DIGLYC- E 476 USE: SORBITAN MONOLAURATE ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: POLYGLYCEROL [B3280] [B3067] POLYRICINOLEATE [B3190] E 493 added E 472c added E 476 added USE: SORBITAN MONOLAURATE USE: CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF USE: POLYGLYCEROL ADDED [H0705] MONO- AND DIGLYC- POLYRICINOLEATE ADDED ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [H0615] E 494 ADDED [H0492] USE: SORBITAN MONOOLEATE E 477 [B3281] E 472d USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ES- USE: TARTARIC ACID ESTERS TERS OF FATTY ACIDS E 494 added OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- [B3226] USE: SORBITAN MONOOLEATE ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0706] [B3301] E 477 added USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ES- E 495 E 472d added TERS OF FATTY ACIDS USE: SORBITAN MONOPALMI- USE: TARTARIC ACID ESTERS ADDED [H0651] TATE [B3282] OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 479b E 495 added ADDED [H0726] USE: THERMALLY OXIDIZED USE: SORBITAN MONOPALMI- SOYA BEAN OIL INTER- TATE ADDED [H0707] E 472e ACTED WITH MONO- AND USE: MONO- AND DIACETYL DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY E 500 TARTARIC ACID ESTERS ACIDS [B3306] USE: SODIUM CARBONATE OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- [B3247] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 479b added [B3155] USE: THERMALLY OXIDIZED E 500 SOYA BEAN OIL INTER- USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN CAR- E 472e added ACTED WITH MONO- AND BONATE [B3256] USE: MONO- AND DIACETYL DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY TARTARIC ACID ESTERS ACIDS ADDED [H0731] E 500 OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: SODIUM SESQUICARBON- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS E 481 ATE [B3273] ADDED [H0580] USE: SODIUM STEAROYL-2- LACTYLATE [B3274] E 500 added E 472f USE: SODIUM CARBONATE USE: MIXED ACETIC AND TAR- E 481 added ADDED [H0672] TARIC ACID ESTERS OF USE: SODIUM STEAROYL-2- MONO- AND DIGLYC- LACTYLATE ADDED E 500 added ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [H0699] USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN CAR- [B3153] BONATE ADDED [H0681] E 482 E 472f added USE: CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- E 500 added USE: MIXED ACETIC AND TAR- LACTYLATE [B3052] USE: SODIUM SESQUICARBON- TARIC ACID ESTERS OF ATE ADDED [H0698] MONO- AND DIGLYC- E 482 added ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- E 501 ADDED [H0578] LACTYLATE ADDED USE: POTASSIUM CARBONATE [H0477] [B3205] E 473 USE: SUCROSE ESTERS OF E 483 E 501 FATTY ACIDS [B3293] USE: STEARYL TARTRATE USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN [B3289] CARBONATE [B3209] E 473 added E 483 added E 501 added

86 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: POTASSIUM CARBONATE USE: ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM ADDED [H0630] E 512 added SULPHATE [B2989] USE: STANNOUS CHLORIDE E 501 added ADDED [H0712] E 522 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN USE: ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM CARBONATE ADDED E 513 SULPHATE ADDED [H0414] [H0634] USE: SULPHURIC ACID [B3296] E 523 E 503 E 513 added USE: ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM USE: AMMONIUM CARBONATE USE: SULPHURIC ACID ADDED SULPHATE [B2988] [B2997] [H0721] E 523 added E 503 E 514 USE: ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM USE: AMMONIUM HYDROGEN USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- SULPHATE ADDED [H0413] CARBONATE [B2998] PHATE [B3258] E 524 E 503 added E 514 USE: SODIUM HYDROXIDE USE: AMMONIUM CARBONATE USE: SODIUM SULPHATE [B3260] ADDED [H0422] [B3275] E 524 added E 503 added E 514 added USE: SODIUM HYDROXIDE USE: AMMONIUM HYDROGEN USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- ADDED [H0685] CARBONATE ADDED PHATE ADDED [H0683] [H0423] E 525 E 514 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE E 504 USE: SODIUM SULPHATE [B3212] USE: MAGNESIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0700] [B3136] E 525 added E 515 USE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE E 504 USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0637] USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SULPHATE [B3210] CARBONATE [B3140] E 526 E 515 USE: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE E 504 added USE: POTASSIUM SULPHATE [B3042] USE: MAGNESIUM CARBONATE [B3222] ADDED [H0561] E 526 added E 515 added USE: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE E 504 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0467] USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SULPHATE ADDED [H0635] CARBONATE ADDED E 527 [H0565] E 515 added USE: AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE USE: POTASSIUM SULPHATE [B2999] E 507 ADDED [H0647] USE: HYDROCHLORIC ACID E 527 added [B3117] E 516 USE: AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE USE: CALCIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0424] E 507 added [B3053] USE: HYDROCHLORIC ACID E 528 ADDED [H0542] E 516 added USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE USE: CALCIUM SULPHATE [B3139] E 508 ADDED [H0478] USE: POTASSIUM CHLORIDE E 528 added [B3206] E 517 USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE USE: AMMONIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0564] E 508 added [B3001] USE: POTASSIUM CHLORIDE E 529 ADDED [H0631] E 517 added USE: CALCIUM OXIDE [B3046] USE: AMMONIUM SULPHATE E 509 ADDED [H0426] E 529 added USE: CALCIUM CHLORIDE USE: CALCIUM OXIDE ADDED [B3032] E 520 [H0471] USE: ALUMINIUM SULPHATE E 509 added [B2992] E 530 USE: CALCIUM CHLORIDE USE: MAGNESIUM OXIDE [B3141] ADDED [H0457] E 520 added USE: ALUMINIUM SULPHATE E 530 added E 511 ADDED [H0417] USE: MAGNESIUM OXIDE USE: MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ADDED [H0566] [B3137] E 521 USE: ALUMINIUM SODIUM SUL- E 535 E 511 added PHATE [B2991] USE: SODIUM FERROCYANIDE USE: MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE [B3252] ADDED [H0562] E 521 added USE: ALUMINIUM SODIUM SUL- E 535 added E 512 PHATE ADDED [H0416] USE: SODIUM FERROCYANIDE USE: STANNOUS CHLORIDE ADDED [H0677] [B3287] E 522 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 87

E 536 USE: POTASSIUM FERROCYA- E 556 E 585 NIDE [B3207] USE: CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: FERROUS LACTATE CATE [B3028] [B3100] E 536 added USE: POTASSIUM FERROCYA- E 556 added E 585 added NIDE ADDED [H0632] USE: CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: FERROUS LACTATE CATE ADDED [H0453] ADDED [H0525] E 538 USE: CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE E 558 E 620 [B3037] USE: BENTONITE [B3012] USE: GLUTAMIC ACID [B3106]

E 538 added E 558 added E 620 added USE: CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE USE: BENTONITE ADDED USE: GLUTAMIC ACID ADDED ADDED [H0462] [H0437] [H0531]

E 541 E 559 E 621 USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM USE: ALUMINIUM SILICATE USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC (KAOLIN) [B2990] MATE [B3165] [B3242] E 559 added E 621 added E 541 added USE: ALUMINIUM SILICATE USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM (KAOLIN) ADDED [H0415] MATE ADDED [H0590] PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC ADDED [H0667] E 570 E 622 USE: FATTY ACIDS [B3098] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM GLU- E 551 TAMATE [B3161] USE: SILICIUM DIOXIDE [B3237] E 570 added USE: FATTY ACIDS ADDED E 622 added E 551 added [H0523] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM GLU- USE: SILICIUM DIOXIDE ADDED TAMATE ADDED [H0586] [H0662] E 574 USE: GLUCONIC ACID [B3104] E 623 E 552 USE: CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE USE: CALCIUM SILICATE [B3050] E 574 added [B3034] USE: GLUCONIC ACID ADDED E 552 added [H0529] E 623 added USE: CALCIUM SILICATE ADDED USE: CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE [H0475] E 575 ADDED [H0459] USE: GLUCONO-DELTA- E 553a LACTONE [B3105] E 624 USE: MAGNESIUM SILICATE USE: MONOAMMONIUM GLUTA- [B3143] E 575 added MATE [B3157] USE: GLUCONO-DELTA- E 553a LACTONE ADDED [H0530] E 624 added USE: MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE USE: MONOAMMONIUM GLUTA- [B3144] E 576 MATE ADDED [H0582] USE: SODIUM GLUCONATE E 553a added [B3253] E 625 USE: MAGNESIUM SILICATE USE: MAGNESIUM DIGLUTA- ADDED [H0568] E 576 added MATE [B3138] USE: SODIUM GLUCONATE E 553a added ADDED [H0678] E 625 added USE: MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE USE: MAGNESIUM DIGLUTA- ADDED [H0569] E 577 MATE ADDED [H0563] USE: POTASSIUM GLUCONATE E 553b [B3208] E 626 USE: TALC [B3298] USE: GUANYLIC ACID [B3113] E 577 added E 553b added USE: POTASSIUM GLUCONATE E 626 added USE: TALC ADDED [H0723] ADDED [H0633] USE: GUANYLIC ACID ADDED [H0538] E 554 E 578 USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: CALCIUM GLUCONATE E 627 CATE [B3243] [B3038] USE: DISODIUM GUANYLATE [B3087] E 554 added E 578 added USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: CALCIUM GLUCONATE E 627 added CATE ADDED [H0668] ADDED [H0463] USE: DISODIUM GUANYLATE ADDED [H0512] E 555 E 579 USE: POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM USE: FERROUS GLUCONATE E 628 SILICATE [B3203] [B3099] USE: DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE [B3080] E 555 added E 579 added USE: POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM USE: FERROUS GLUCONATE E 628 added SILICATE ADDED [H0628] ADDED [H0524]

88 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE USE: DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE USE: NITROUS OXIDE [B3174] ADDED [H0505] [B3078] E 942 added E 629 E 900 added USE: NITROUS OXIDE ADDED USE: CALCIUM GUANYLATE USE: DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE [H0599] [B3039] ADDED [H0503] E 948 E 629 added E 901 USE: OXYGEN [B3179] USE: CALCIUM GUANYLATE USE: BEESWAX, WHITE AND ADDED [H0464] YELLOW [B3010] E 948 added USE: OXYGEN ADDED [H0604] E 630 E 901 added USE: INOSINIC ACID [B3123] USE: BEESWAX, WHITE AND E 950 YELLOW ADDED [H0435] USE: ACESULFAME K [B2976] E 630 added USE: INOSINIC ACID ADDED E 902 E 950 added [H0548] USE: CANDELILLA WAX [B3056] USE: ACESULFAME K ADDED [H0401] E 631 E 902 added USE: DISODIUM INOSINATE USE: CANDELILLA WAX ADDED E 951 [B3088] [H0481] USE: ASPARTAME [B3008]

E 631 added E 903 E 951 added USE: DISODIUM INOSINATE USE: CARNAUBA WAX [B3061] USE: ASPARTAME ADDED ADDED [H0513] [H0433] E 903 added E 632 USE: CARNAUBA WAX ADDED E 952 USE: DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE [H0486] USE: CALCIUM CYCLAMATE [B3081] [B3033] E 904 E 632 added USE: SHELLAC [B3236] E 952 USE: DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE USE: CYCLAMIC ACID [B3072] ADDED [H0506] E 904 added USE: SHELLAC ADDED [H0661] E 952 E 633 USE: SODIUM CYCLAMATE USE: CALCIUM INOSINATE E 912 [B3249] [B3043] USE: MONTAN ACID ESTERS [B3169] E 952 added E 633 added USE: CALCIUM CYCLAMATE USE: CALCIUM INOSINATE E 912 added ADDED [H0458] ADDED [H0468] USE: MONTAN ACID ESTERS ADDED [H0594] E 952 added E 634 USE: CYCLAMIC ACID ADDED USE: CALCIUM 5'- E 914 [H0497] RIBONUCLEOTIDES USE: OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE [B3025] WAX [B3177] E 952 added USE: SODIUM CYCLAMATE E 634 added E 914 added ADDED [H0674] USE: CALCIUM 5'- USE: OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE RIBONUCLEOTIDES WAX ADDED [H0602] E 953 ADDED [H0450] USE: ISOMALT [B3125] E 927b E 635 USE: CARBAMIDE [B3058] E 953 added USE: DISODIUM 5'- USE: ISOMALT ADDED [H0550] RIBONUCLEOTIDES E 927b added [B3084] USE: CARBAMIDE ADDED E 954 [H0483] USE: CALCIUM SACCHARIN E 635 added [B3049] USE: DISODIUM 5'- E 938 RIBONUCLEOTIDES USE: ARGON [B3004] E 954 ADDED [H0509] USE: POTASSIUM SACCHARIN E 938 added [B3220] E 640 USE: ARGON ADDED [H0429] USE: GLYCINE [B3110] E 954 E 939 USE: SACCHARIN [B3235] E 640 USE: HELIUM [B3115] USE: SODIUM GLYCINATE E 954 [B3254] E 939 added USE: SODIUM SACCHARIN USE: HELIUM ADDED [H0540] [B3272] E 640 added USE: GLYCINE ADDED [H0535] E 941 E 954 added USE: NITROGEN [B3173] USE: CALCIUM SACCHARIN E 640 added ADDED [H0474] USE: SODIUM GLYCINATE E 941 added ADDED [H0679] USE: NITROGEN ADDED [H0598] E 954 added USE: POTASSIUM SACCHARIN E 900 E 942 ADDED [H0645] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 89

USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] EDIBLE ICES E 954 added FTC: A0454 USE: SACCHARIN ADDED early june pea AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 [H0660] USE: ALASKA PEA [B1326] EDIBLE ICES, INCLUDING SHER- E 954 added EARLY MOREL BET AND SORBET USE: SODIUM SACCHARIN FTC: B2024 FTC: A0628 ADDED [H0697] BT: MOREL [B2032] AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 UF: verpa bohemica E 957 EDIBLE ROCK CRAB USE: THAUMATIN [B3305] earth almond FTC: B1960 USE: CHUFA [B2159] BT: ROCK CRAB FAMILY E 957 added [B2351] USE: THAUMATIN ADDED earthnut UF: cancer pagurus [H0730] USE: PEANUT [B1337] EDIBLE SAUSAGE CASING E 959 east africa FTC: Z0094 USE: NEOHESPERIDINE D C USE: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] BT: TYPE OF SAUSAGE CAS- [B3171] ING [Z0092] east indian illipe E 959 added USE: ILLIPE [B2110] EDIBLE SEED USE: NEOHESPERIDINE D C FTC: B1174 ADDED [H0596] EAST TIMOR BT: NUT OR EDIBLE SEED FTC: TP [B1607] E 965 BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] USE: MALTITOL [B3146] edible seed melon EASTERN OYSTER USE: WATERMELON [B1391] E 965 FTC: B1951 USE: MALTITOL SYRUP [B3147] BT: OYSTER [B1224] edible-podded pea UF: american oyster USE: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- E 965 added UF: blue point oyster VARS [B1031] USE: MALTITOL ADDED [H0571] UF: crassostrea virginica EEL E 965 added eastern pickerel FTC: B1278 USE: MALTITOL SYRUP ADDED USE: CHAIN PICKEREL [B2334] BT: FISH, ANGUILLIFORM [H0572] [B1574] EBEN TREE E 966 FTC: B2768 EEL, FRESHWATER USE: LACTITOL [B3129] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2700 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY E 966 added UF: bushbutter [B2545] USE: LACTITOL ADDED [H0554] UF: dacryodes edulis UF: freshwater eel UF: pachylobus edulis E 967 EELPOUT USE: XYLITOL [B3322] ECHINODERM FTC: B2292 FTC: B2115 BT: EELPOUT FAMILY [B1846] E 967 added BT: AQUATIC ANIMAL [B1142] UF: zoarces viviparus USE: XYLITOL ADDED [H0747] UF: echinodermata EELPOUT FAMILY E 999 echinodermata FTC: B1846 USE: QUILLAIA EXTRACT [B3230] USE: ECHINODERM [B2115] BT: FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] UF: zoarcidae E 999 added echinus esculentus USE: QUILLAIA EXTRACT ADDED USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] EGG [H0655] FTC: C0194 ECUADOR BT: PART OF ANIMAL [C0164] E. PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR FTC: EC SN: Poultry, game bird or turtle FORM BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] eggs; fish roe are indexed FTC: E0113 under *OVARY, ROE*. SN: The physical state of the food eddo product (liquid, semiliquid, USE: TARO [B1636] EGG ADDED semisolid, or solid). Solid food FTC: H0186 products are further subdi- EDIBLE CASING BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] vided by shape or form. FTC: N0056 SN: Used when whole egg or a Terms are provided for prod- BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE whole egg product is added at ucts that have both liquid and FROM NATURAL MATERIAL any level. solid components or that in- [N0050] corporate air or other gases. SN: Used when the container or EGG AND EGG PRODUCTS coating materials are edible, FTC: A0461 ear (corn) e.g. wafer, polyoside films, AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 USE: SEED ON COB, WITH OR edible paper. WITHOUT HUSK [C0242] EGG AND EGG PRODUCTS EDIBLE CONTAINER FTC: A0635 ear fungus FTC: M0212 AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 USE: BLACK FUNGUS [B1741] BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] EGG FREE CLAIM OR USE ear meat FTC: P0175

90 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR EGGPLANT CONSTITUENT-RELATED FTC: B1458 empanada CLAIM OR USE [P0115] BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- USE: PASTRY, UNSWEETENED, BLE [B1006] FILLED [A0103] EGG OR EGG PRODUCT UF: solanum melongena FTC: A0261 EMPEROR BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA EGYPT FTC: B2859 [A0289] FTC: EG BT: EMPEROR FAMILY [B2866] SN: Fresh egg in shell, liquid, BT: AFRICA, NORTHERN UF: lethrinus spp. frozen, dried egg or egg com- [QM03] ponent, or egg product ana- EMPEROR FAMILY log. Includes boiled, poached, egyptian doum FTC: B2866 scrambled, and fried eggs. USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] Excludes prepared egg dishes, such as omelettes. egyptian myrobolan EMPEROR SNAPPER USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] FTC: B1931 EGG PRODUCT ANALOG BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] FTC: A0254 egyptian sycamore BT: EGG OR EGG PRODUCT USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] EMU [A0261] FTC: B2719 UF: egg product, imitation EL SALVADOR BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD UF: egg substitute FTC: SV [B1563] UF: imitation egg product BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] UF: dromaeus novaehollandiae SN: Food product having func- tional characteristics similar to elagatis bipinnulata emulsified an egg product; it may be nu- USE: RAINBOW RUNNER [B2382] USE: HOMOGENIZED OR EMUL- tritionally equivalent or inferior SIFIED [H0306] to the product it purports to ELDERBERRY resemble. Includes egg FTC: B1403 EMULSIFIER whites that have added ingre- BT: BERRY [B1231] FTC: A0333 dients, particularly vegetable UF: sambucus spp. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- oil. CATION, EUROPEAN eledone spp. COMMUNITY [A0324] egg product, imitation USE: [B1514] AI: Substance that makes it pos- USE: EGG PRODUCT ANALOG sible to form or maintain a [A0254] eleocharis dulcis homogenous mixture of two USE: WATER CHESTNUT [B1026] or more immiscible phases as EGG SHELL oil and water in a foodstuff. FTC: C0278 ELEPHANT European Council Directive BT: EGG [C0194] FTC: B2129 95/2/EC. UF: shell (egg) BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) SN: The covering of a bird or [B1134] EMULSIFIER reptile egg. UF: elephantidae FTC: A0404 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, EGG SHELL, FOOD CONTACT elephant apple CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SURFACE USE: WOOD APPLE [B2845] [A0351] FTC: N0052 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE ELEPHANT FISH per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FROM NATURAL MATERIAL FTC: B2269 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 [N0050] BT: PLOWNOSE CHIMERA FAMILY [B2268] EMULSIFYING SALT egg substitute UF: callorhynchus millii FTC: A0334 USE: EGG PRODUCT ANALOG UF: elephant shark BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- [A0254] UF: silver trumpeter CATION, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY [A0324] EGG WHITE ADDED elephant orange AI: Substance that converts pro- FTC: H0205 USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] teins contained in cheese into BT: EGG ADDED [H0186] a dispersed form and thereby SN: Used when egg white or an elephant shark brings about homogenous egg white product is added at USE: ELEPHANT FISH [B2269] distribution of fat and other any level. components. European elephantidae Council Directive 95/2/EC. EGG WHITE, ALBUMEN USE: ELEPHANT [B2129] FTC: C0241 EMULSION STABILIZER BT: EGG [C0194] elettaris cardamomum FTC: A0405 USE: CARDAMOM [B1665] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, EGG YOLK CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FTC: C0215 ELK [A0351] BT: EGG [C0194] FTC: B1292 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: DEER FAMILY [B1500] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome EGG YOLK ADDED UF: cervus elaphus 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: H0185 BT: EGG ADDED [H0186] ellice islands ENDIVE SN: Used when egg yolk or an USE: TUVALU [TV] FTC: B1314 egg yolk product is added at BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] any level. embryo (seed) UF: chichorium endivia USE: GERM [C0182] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 91 endosperm USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN ENVELOPE EPPAW REMOVED, GERM RE- FTC: M0199 FTC: B1752 MOVED (ENDOSPERM) BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING [C0208] PING BY FORM [M0195] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR SN: CFSAN thesaurus--a flexible BULB USED [B1018] endosperm with bran container of distinctive con- UF: epos root USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN struction and closure features PRESENT, GERM RE- used in the dispensing of tab- EQUATORIAL GUINEA MOVED [C0119] let or powdered prescription FTC: GQ medication; it is typically con- BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] energy food stick structed of film or paper that USE: MEAL REPLACEMENT may be coated or laminated equisi [A0274] to protect the contents. USE: WATERMELON [B1391] engineered ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED equus asinus USE: SEAFOOD PRODUCT ANA- FTC: H0252 USE: DONKEY [B2096] LOG [A0156] BT: MICROBI- ALLY/ENZYMATICALLY equus caballus ENGLAND MODIFIED [H0119] USE: HORSE [B1229] FTC: GB01 SN: Used for products in which BT: UNITED KINGDOM [GB] one or more components equus zebra were converted through the USE: ZEBRA [B2097] english pea addition of enzymes or USE: PEA [B1338] through activation of endoge- eragrostis tef nous enzymes. USE: TEFF [B2475] ENGLISH SOLE FTC: B1131 ENZYME PREPARATION erimacrus isenbeckii BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: A0406 USE: KEGANI CRAB [B1961] FAMILY [B1856] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: parophrys vetulus CODEX ALIMENTARIUS eriobotrya japonica UF: sole, english [A0351] USE: LOQUAT [B1244] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- ENGLISH WALNUT per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome ERIPHIA LAEVIMONA FTC: B1130 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B2217 BT: WALNUT [B1290] BT: CRAB FAMILY [B2215] BT: WALNUT [B1290] eopsetta jordani UF: juglans regia USE: PETRALE SOLE [B1863] ERIPHIA SCABRICULA UF: persian walnut FTC: B2216 ephedra nevadensis BT: MUD CRAB FAMILY [B2215] engraulidae USE: NEVADA JOINTFIR [B2049] USE: ANCHOVY FAMILY [B1854] eruca vesicaria sativa epigonus telescopus USE: ROCKET [B2474] engraulis anchoita USE: BIGEYE CARDINALFISH USE: ANCHOVY [B1554] [B2885] ERYTHORBIC ACID FTC: B3093 engraulis mordax epinephalinae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: NORTHERN ANCHOVY USE: SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1855] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] epinephelus areolatus UF: E 315 ENOKI MUSHROOM USE: PERSIAN GROUPER UF: INS 315 FTC: B2507 [B1758] BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] ERYTHORBIC ACID ADDED UF: flammulina velutipes epinephelus chlorostigma FTC: H0518 USE: BROWNSPOTTED ROCK- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, enriched COD [B2694] EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SUBSTANCE ADDED epinephelus itajara TARIUS [H0399] [H0194] USE: JEWFISH [B1756] UF: E 315 added UF: INS 315 added macha epinephelus morio USE: CLAM USE: RED GROUPER [B1757] ERYTHROSINE [B2879] FTC: B3094 epinephelus spp. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ENTEROMORPHA USE: GROUPER [B1496] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2639 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: ALGAE, GREEN [B2502] epinephelus tauvina UF: E 127 USE: GREASY ROCKCOD UF: INS 127 enteromorpha prolifera [B1759] USE: AONORI [B2640] ERYTHROSINE ADDED epos root FTC: H0519 ENTRE-COTE USE: EPPAW [B1752] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: Z0142 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: ALOYAU [Z0141] EPOXY RESIN CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: This corresponds approxi- FTC: M0388 TARIUS [H0399] mately to the U.S. cut of meat BT: THERMOSETTING POLY- UF: E 127 added called 'short loin'. MER CONTAINER [M0382] UF: INS 127 added

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UF: E 160f eugenia aromatica erythroxylum coca UF: INS 160f USE: CLOVE [B1255] USE: COCA [B2053] ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8'- EUGENIA CAPENSIS ESCAROLE CAROTENIC ACID (C 30) FTC: B2778 FTC: B1446 ADDED BT: EUGENIA SPP. [B2921] BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: H0520 UF: cichorium endivia BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, eugenia guineensis EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: WATER BERRY [B2830] ESCOLAR NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1821 TARIUS [H0399] eugenia jambolana BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY UF: E 160f added USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] [B1820] UF: INS 160f added UF: lepidocybium flavobrunneum eugenia jambos ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] esocidae FTC: B3096 USE: PIKE FAMILY [B1826] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- eugenia malaccensis PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] esox lucius ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: NORTHERN PIKE [B1143] UF: E 465 eugenia michelii UF: INS 465 USE: SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] esox masquinongy USE: MUSKELLUNGE [B1165] ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE EUGENIA SPP. ADDED FTC: B2921 esox niger FTC: H0521 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: CHAIN PICKEREL [B2334] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, CAL FRUIT [B1024] EUROPEAN COMMU- esox reticulatus NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- eugenia uniflora USE: CHAIN PICKEREL [B2334] TARIUS [H0399] USE: SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] UF: E 465 added esox spp. UF: INS 465 added EULACHON USE: PIKE [B1293] FTC: B2654 ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] ESSENTIAL OIL, OLEORESIN OR FTC: B3097 OTHER FLAVORING SUB- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- euphasia superba STANCE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: ANTARCTIC KRILL [B1954] FTC: C0260 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE UF: E 214 euphausia spp. OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR UF: INS 214 USE: ANTARCTIC KRILL [B1954] ANIMAL [C0228] SN: A flavoring substance derived ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE euphorbia longan from a natural source by pro- ADDED USE: LONGAN [B1628] cesses such as distillation, FTC: H0522 expression or extraction. An BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, euphorbia nephelium essential oil is a fragrant, EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: RAMBUTAN [B1629] volatile, oily substance in- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- soluble in water. An oleoresin TARIUS [H0399] EURASIAN PERCH is a combination of essential UF: E 214 added FTC: B2336 oils and resins. These two UF: INS 214 added BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] types cover most but not all UF: perca fluviatilis flavoring substances. etmopterus baxteri USE: BAXTERS DOGFISH [B2910] EUROPE ESTONIA FTC: QR FTC: EE etrumeus micropus BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] USE: ROUND HERRING [B1850] AND REGIONS [QX] etelis oculatus EUBACTERIALES USED AS FOOD EUROPE, CENTRAL USE: QUEEN SNAPPER [B2151] SOURCE FTC: QR01 FTC: B2848 BT: EUROPE [QR] ETHIOPIA BT: BACTERIA [B2846] FTC: ET SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., EUROPE, EASTERN BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] 1992, v.III, p.2940. FTC: QR02 BT: EUROPE [QR] ethmidium chilcae EUCALYPTUS USE: PERUVIAN MENHADEN FTC: B2661 EUROPE, SOUTHERN [B2176] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: QR03 PRODUCING PLANT BT: EUROPE [QR] ethmidium maculatum [B1179] USE: PERUVIAN MENHADEN UF: eucalyptus globulus EUROPE, WESTERN [B2176] FTC: QR04 eucalyptus globulus BT: EUROPE [QR] ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8'- USE: EUCALYPTUS [B2661] CAROTENIC ACID (C 30) EUROPEAN CHESTNUT FTC: B3095 eugenia aqua FTC: B1584 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: WATER ROSEAPPLE BT: CHESTNUT [B1544] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B2777] UF: castanea sativa ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 93 european community EUROPEAN UNION USE: EUROPEAN UNION [QZ01] FTC: QZ01 EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT BT: GEOPOLITICAL DESIGNA- NOT KNOWN EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL FISH- TION [QZ] FTC: F0001 ING AREA UF: european community BT: F. EXTENT OF HEAT FTC: AA05 UF: european economic commu- TREATMENT [F0011] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] nity SN: Used only when no informa- tion is available about the use EUROPEAN DOVER SOLE EUROPEAN WHITING of or degree of heat treatment FTC: B1878 FTC: B2644 performed. BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] BT: WHITING [B1640] UF: sole, european UF: gadus merlangus EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 0 UF: solea vulgaris UF: merlangius merlangus INCH FTC: Z0106 european economic community EURYALE BT: EXTENT OF FAT TRIM USE: EUROPEAN UNION [QZ01] FTC: B2524 [Z0107] BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] EUROPEAN EEL UF: fox nut EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 1/2 FTC: B2706 UF: gorgon nut INCH BT: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY SN: Seeds of prickly water-lily FTC: Z0104 [B2545] frequently cultivated in india BT: EXTENT OF FAT TRIM UF: anguilla anguilla and china. [Z0107]

EUROPEAN FILBERT euthynnus EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 1/4 FTC: B1533 USE: TUNA [B1269] INCH BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT FTC: Z0105 [B1062] euthynnus affinis BT: EXTENT OF FAT TRIM UF: corylus avellana USE: KAWAKAWA [B1546] [Z0107] UF: corylus maxima UF: filbert nut euthynnus alletteratus EXTRA HARD CHEESE (CODEX) UF: hazelnut USE: SPOTTED TUNNY [B1111] FTC: A0310 BT: CHEESE HARDNESS european grape euthynnus lineatus CLASS (CODEX) [A0315] USE: GRAPE, EUROPEAN USE: BLACK SKIPJACK [B1112] UF: cheese, extra hard (codex) [B2121] SN: Cheese having less than 51% euthynnus pelamis moisture on a fat- free basis EUROPEAN HAKE USE: SKIPJACK TUNA [B1376] (codex alimentarius standard FTC: B2365 a-6, volume xvi, ed. 1). BT: WHITING [B1640] euthynnus yaito UF: merluccius merluccius USE: KAWAKAWA [B1546] EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR EUROPEAN JOHN DORY eutrema wasabi ANIMAL FTC: B2278 USE: WASABI [B2236] FTC: C0228 BT: DORY FAMILY [B1891] BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR UF: galilee fish evechinus chloroticus ANIMAL [C0116] UF: st. peter's fish USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] SN: A physical-chemical compo- UF: zeus faber nent separated from the food EVENING PRIMROSE source or its parts by extrac- EUROPEAN LOBSTER FTC: B2109 tion, centrifugation, filtration, FTC: B1950 BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT heat processing, expressing BT: CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY [B1017] or a similar process. The [B1986] UF: oenothera biennis separated component may be UF: homarus gammarus converted through further UF: homarus vulgaris EWE processing. If this is done, the FTC: B2610 final substance is indexed. A european mistletoe BT: SHEEP [B1183] water-extracted component USE: MISTLETOE [B2052] may remain in aqueous dis- excellent source of label claim persion. The extract, concen- european oregano USE: "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM trate or isolate is indexed in USE: OREGANO [B1542] [P0130] preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. EUROPEAN PILCHARD excellent source of label claim For example, peanut oil is in- FTC: B1853 USE: "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM dexed under *PEANUT* BT: SARDINE [B1558] [P0130] combined wih *FAT OR OIL* UF: sardina pilchardus rather than with *SEED OR exocoetidae KERNEL*. On the other hand, EUROPEAN PLAICE USE: FLYINGFISH FAMILY fruit and vegetable juices can FTC: B1861 [B1886] be indexed under *FRUIT BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER JUICE OR NECTAR* or FAMILY [B1856] exocoetus spp. *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. UF: plaice, european USE: FLYINGFISH [B1144] PRODUCT TYPE); therefore UF: pleuronectes platessa the anatomic part of the plant EXTENT OF FAT TRIM should be indexed. EUROPEAN STRAWBERRY FTC: Z0107 FTC: B2948 BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- EXTRACTION SOLVENT BT: STRAWBERRY [B1393] TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY FTC: A0407 OR FISH [Z0049]

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BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FAT CONTENT < 30% CODEX ALIMENTARIUS fagus FTC: Z0193 [A0351] USE: BEECHNUT [B1543] BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [Z0177] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FALKLAND ISLANDS 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: FK FAT CONTENT < 5% BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS FTC: Z0183 extrud [QO] BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: EXTRUDED [H0352] UF: islas malvinas [Z0177] UF: malvinas EXTRUDED FAT CONTENT < 50%, < 35% PUFA FTC: H0352 false morel FTC: Z0203 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY USE: BEEFSTEAK MOREL BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) MODIFIED [H0130] [B2446] [Z0177] UF: extrud SN: Modified through a physical or false saffron FAT CONTENT < 50%, > 35% PUFA chemical procedure by forcing USE: SAFFLOWER [B1548] FTC: Z0202 a food mixture through a die BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) to achieve a particular shape. famille du saumon [Z0177] USE: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] EYE FAT CONTENT > 3% FTC: C0256 FANTAIL MULLET FTC: Z0187 BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER FTC: B1784 BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) SYSTEMS [C0255] BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] [Z0177] UF: mugil trichodon F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT UF: mullet, fantail FAT CONTENT > 30% FTC: F0011 FTC: Z0184 SN: Used to broadly characterize FANTAIL SOLE BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) a food product based on the FTC: B1880 [Z0177] extent of heat applied. Heat BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- treatment affects the flavor ILY [B1879] FAT CONTENT > 4% and textural characteristics of UF: sole, fantail FTC: Z0178 a food and thus consumer BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) preparation time. Heat treat- FAROE ISLANDS [Z0177] ment causes chemical FTC: FO changes and/or reduction of BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS FAT CONTENT > 5% enzyme and of microbial ac- [QO] FTC: Z0182 tivity and thus affects food UF: faeroe islands BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) safety and shelflife. Specifics [Z0177] of preparation are covered by FAROE ISLANDS *G. COOKING METHOD* FTC: FO FAT CONTENT > 50% and *H. TREATMENT AP- BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] FTC: Z0191 PLIED*. UF: faeroe islands BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0177] faba bean FAST FOOD RESTAURANT PRE- USE: BROAD BEAN [B1367] PARED FAT CONTENT > 60% FTC: Z0111 FTC: Z0194 fabric BT: RESTAURANT OR FAST BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: TEXTILE OR FABRIC FOOD PREPARED [Z0119] [Z0177] [N0045] UF: prepared in fast food restau- rant FAT CONTENT > 80%, < 25% PUFA FADOGIA FTC: Z0199 FTC: B2800 FAT BACK BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: Z0037 [Z0177] CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) UF: fadogia triphylla [Z0043] FAT CONTENT > 80%, > 25% PUFA FTC: Z0198 fadogia triphylla FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: FADOGIA [B2800] FTC: Z0177 [Z0177] BT: FOOD CONTENT RANGE FADOGIELLA (EUROPE) [Z0176] FAT CONTENT >= 3.5% FTC: B2801 FTC: Z0189 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FAT CONTENT < 1% BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: Z0181 [Z0177] UF: fadogiella manikensis BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0177] FAT CONTENT 1-2.9% fadogiella manikensis FTC: Z0180 USE: FADOGIELLA [B2801] FAT CONTENT < 15% BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) FTC: Z0186 [Z0177] faeroe islands BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: FAROE ISLANDS [FO] [Z0177] FAT CONTENT 1-3% FTC: Z0188 fagopyrum esculentum FAT CONTENT < 3.5% BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) USE: BUCKWHEAT [B1405] FTC: Z0190 [Z0177] BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) fagopyrum sagittatum [Z0177] FAT CONTENT 15-30% USE: BUCKWHEAT [B1405] FTC: Z0185 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 95

BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) fatty acids and, in far lesser SN: Used for products that contain [Z0177] amounts, of fatty acids, ster- less than 60% of the fat natu- ols and pigments. A fat is a rally present in the food FAT CONTENT 30-45% solid at room temperature, an source (more precisely, the FTC: Z0196 oil is a liquid at room tem- part of the food source.) more BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) perature (20 degrees C.). Ex- specific fat levels, which vary [Z0177] cludes essential oils. from one product type to an- other, are specified in the ex- FAT CONTENT 30-50% FAT OR OIL ADDED tended scope notes for *FAT FTC: Z0192 FTC: H0221 PARTIALLY REMOVED* and BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) BT: INGREDIENT ADDED *FAT FULLY REMOVED* in [Z0177] [H0225] the manual. UF: self-basting FAT CONTENT 31-45% SN: Used when a fat or oil, or a FAT SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE FTC: Z0197 fat-containing ingredient, is FTC: P0017 BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) the second or third ingredient BT: NUTRITION-RELATED [Z0177] in order of predominance, ex- CLAIM OR USE [P0065] cluding water. SN: All narrower term definitions FAT CONTENT 3-4% extracted from 58 Federal FTC: Z0179 FAT OR OIL COATED Register 2302, January 6, BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) FTC: H0233 1993, part 101.62(b). [Z0177] BT: FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] UF: french fried FAT SUBSTITUTED FAT CONTENT 46-60% SN: Used when a fat or oil is FTC: H0208 FTC: Z0195 sprayed on the product, when BT: COMPONENT SUBSTI- BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) a fat or oil is among the first TUTED [H0103] [Z0177] three ingredients in order of SN: Food product prepared from a predominance in a breading natural food product by re- FAT CONTENT 50-80%, < 25% or coating, or when the prod- moving endogenous fat and PUFA uct is fat-fried as seen from adding fat from a different FTC: Z0200 the name, label or recipe. source, e.g., egg substitute, in BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) which egg fat is replaced by [Z0177] FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED vegetable oil. FTC: H0247 FAT CONTENT 50-80%, > 25% BT: FAT REMOVED [H0161] fat, separable PUFA UF: dry roasted USE: FAT, TRIM [C0253] FTC: Z0201 SN: Used for products that contain BT: FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) between 10-20% and 60% of FAT, TRIM [Z0177] the fat naturally present in the FTC: C0253 food source. Examples are BT: NONMEAT PART OF ANI- FAT FREE FOOD breakfast cocoa, low fat milk MAL [C0122] FTC: P0054 and low-fat cottage cheese. UF: fat, separable BT: NO OR REDUCED FAT UF: separable fat part CLAIM OR USE [P0069] FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED, 50% SN: Used for intact pieces of ani- UF: no fat food OR MORE REMAINING mal fat. Refined animal fat is UF: nonfat food FTC: H0324 indexed under *FAT OR OIL*. SN: Food having less than 0.5 BT: FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED grams fat per amount cus- [H0247] FATHEAD FAMILY tomarily consumed. Meals SN: Used for food products that FTC: B2916 and main dishes have less have had fat partially removed BT: FISH, SCORPAENIFORM than 0.5 grams fat per labeled to leave more than 50% fat [B2265] serving. Such foods must from a full fat product. An ex- UF: psychrolutidae contain no ingredient that is ample would 2% milk where SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog fat or understood to contain full fat milk is 4%. of the Genera of recent fat except when the ingredient Fishes, California Academy of listed has been footnoted FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED, LESS Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scien- '*adds a trivial amount of fat'. THAN 50% REMAINING tific name verifiable, common FTC: H0325 name unverified. FAT FULLY REMOVED BT: FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED FTC: H0248 [H0247] FATS AND OILS BT: FAT REMOVED [H0161] SN: Used for food products that FTC: A0453 SN: Used for products that contain have had fat removed to AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 less than 10-20% of the fat leave less than 50% fat from naturally present in the food a full fat product. Examples FATS AND OILS, AND FAT EMUL- source. Examples are skim would be 1% milk or 1/2% SIONS (TYPE WATER-IN- milk, low-fat cocoa and dry- milk, where full fat milk is 4%. OIL) curd cottage cheese. FTC: A0627 fat prof AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 FAT OR OIL USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] FTC: C0190 FATTY ACIDS BT: EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE FAT REMOVED FTC: B3098 OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR FTC: H0161 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ANIMAL [C0228] BT: COMPONENT REMOVED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: oil or fat [H0238] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Food substance or compo- UF: cholesterol removed UF: E 570 nent consisting predominantly UF: defatted UF: INS 570 of mixed glycerol esters of

96 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FATTY ACIDS ADDED UF: feretia aeruginerscens BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0523 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, feretia aeruginerscens ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: FERETIA [B2802] UF: E 585 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 585 TARIUS [H0399] fermented, unspecified UF: E 570 added USE: MICROBI- FERROUS LACTATE ADDED UF: INS 570 added ALLY/ENZYMATICALLY FTC: H0525 MODIFIED [H0119] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FAUX-FILET EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: Z0143 FERMENTED/MODIFIED, MULTIPLE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: ALOYAU [Z0141] COMPONENT TARIUS [H0399] SN: This corresponds approxi- FTC: H0128 UF: E 585 added mately to the U.S. cut of meat BT: MICROBI- UF: INS 585 added called 'sirloin'. ALLY/ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED [H0119] ferula assa-foetida fava bean UF: ripened (cured) USE: ASAFETIDA [B2171] USE: BROAD BEAN [B1367] SN: Used for products in which significant amounts of two or festuca arundinacea FEATHER more components (i.e., car- USE: REED FESCUE [B2338] FTC: C0221 bohydrate and protein, carbo- BT: SKIN, ANIMAL [C0193] hydrate and fat, protein and festuca elatior SN: Epidermal appendage that fat, or all three) are modified USE: REED FESCUE [B2338] constitutes the plumage of through microbial processes. birds. Enzymatic or other biological fever grass processes may also be in- USE: LEMON GRASS [B2273] FEATHER COCKSCOMB volved. FTC: B2158 FEVERFEW BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING FERMENTED/MODIFIED, SINGLE FTC: B2054 PLANT [B1579] COMPONENT BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: celisia argentea FTC: H0230 PRODUCING PLANT UF: soko BT: MICROBI- [B1179] ALLY/ENZYMATICALLY UF: altamisa federal republic of germany MODIFIED [H0119] UF: chrysanthemum parthenium USE: GERMAN FEDERAL RE- SN: Used for products in which PUBLIC [DE] either carbohydrates, proteins fiber rich claim or use or fats were modified through USE: RICH IN FIBER CLAIM OR FEED FOR FOOD ANIMALS microbial processes. Enzy- USE [P0075] FTC: P0015 matic or other biological proc- BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] esses may also be involved. If FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE UF: food for food animals two or more of these compo- FTC: P0049 nents are modified in signifi- BT: NUTRITION-RELATED feed for non-food animals cant amounts, index under CLAIM OR USE [P0065] USE: FOOD FOR NON-FOOD *FERMENTED/MODIFIED, UF: dietary fiber special claim or ANIMALS [P0013] MULTIPLE COMPONENT*. use SN: Food that is promoted as feijoa FERN being either high or low in die- USE: PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] FTC: B2453 tary fiber (often called simply BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING 'fiber'). If the food is not low in feijoa sellowiana PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND total fat, total fat must be USE: PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] PARTS USED [B1057] stated in conjunction with claim such as 'more fiber'. felichthys felis fern palm USE: SEA CATFISH [B2374] USE: SAGO PALM [B2139] fiber-producing plant USE: CELLULOSE-PRODUCING f-enamel feronia limonia PLANT [B1015] USE: FRUIT ENAMEL (F- USE: WOOD APPLE [B2845] ENAMEL) [N0016] ficus bibracteata FERROUS GLUCONATE USE: FICUS PLATYPHYLLA FENNEL FTC: B3099 [B2823] FTC: B1262 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ficus bongoensis PRODUCING PLANT ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] [B1179] UF: E 579 UF: foeniculum vulgare UF: INS 579 ficus carica USE: FIG [B1302] FENUGREEK FERROUS GLUCONATE ADDED FTC: B1696 FTC: H0524 ficus dekdekena BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] PRODUCING PLANT EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1179] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ficus gnaphalocarpa UF: trigonella foenum-graecum TARIUS [H0399] USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] UF: E 579 added FERETIA UF: INS 579 added FICUS ITEOPHYLLA FTC: B2802 FTC: B2824 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FERROUS LACTATE BT: FICUS SPP. [B2922] CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B3100 UF: ficus bongoensis LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 97

UF: ficus dekdekena BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: ALOYAU [Z0141] UF: ficus sassandrensis [B1017] UF: ficus spragueana UF: corn, field FILLED OR STUFFED UF: ficus thonning UF: dent corn FTC: H0207 UF: ficus thonningii UF: zea mays var. indentata BT: INGREDIENT ADDED SN: Searching note--use 'field [H0225] FICUS PLATYPHYLLA corn' for any breakfast cereal UF: stuffed FTC: B2823 or snack food having 'corn' as SN: Used for all filled or stuffed BT: FICUS SPP. [B2922] the first ingredient. products, including pies and UF: ficus bibracteata sandwiches. UF: ficus umbrosa FIELD CORN FTC: B1379 FILLER ficus sassandrensis BT: CORN [B1232] FTC: A0408 USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] UF: corn, field BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: dent corn CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FICUS SPP. UF: zea mays var. indentata [A0351] FTC: B2922 SN: Searching note--use 'field AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- corn' for any breakfast cereal per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome CAL FRUIT [B1024] or snack food having 'corn' as 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: ficus, wild the first ingredient. FILTERING AID ficus spragueana field corn and sugar cane FTC: A0409 USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] USE: SUGAR CANE AND FIELD BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CORN [B1680] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS ficus sycomorus [A0351] USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] FIELD CORN, WHITE AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B1577 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome ficus thonning BT: FIELD CORN [B1379] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] FIELD CORN, YELLOW FIN ficus thonningii FTC: B1580 FTC: C0283 USE: FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] BT: FIELD CORN [B1379] BT: ANIMAL BODY OR BODY PART [C0127] ficus trachophylla FIELD CRESS USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] FTC: B1082 FINELY GROUND BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: E0106 ficus umbrosa UF: lepidium campestre BT: DISINTEGRATED OR USE: FICUS PLATYPHYLLA GROUND [E0136] [B2823] FIELD MUSTARD UF: flour (physical state) FTC: B2068 UF: powdered ficus, wild BT: MUSTARD [B2069] UF: pulverized USE: FICUS SPP. [B2922] UF: brassica campestris UF: brassica rapa fingerfish family fiddlehead fern UF: broccoli raab USE: MOONFISH FAMILY [B1996] USE: CINNAMON FERN [B2017] UF: rapini FINLAND FIELD BEAN FIELD PEA FTC: FI FTC: B1663 FTC: B1486 BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- [B1567] VARS [B1001] FIRE THORN UF: pisum sativum var. arvense FTC: B2349 FIELD CORN BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT FTC: B1379 field-dried [B1599] BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING USE: NATURALLY DRIED [J0141] UF: pyracantha coccinea PLANT [B1012] UF: corn, field FIG FIRMING AGENT UF: dent corn FTC: B1302 FTC: A0335 UF: zea mays var. indentata BT: FICUS SPP. [B2922] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- SN: Searching note--use 'field UF: ficus carica CATION, EUROPEAN corn' for any breakfast cereal COMMUNITY [A0324] or snack food having 'corn' as FIJI AI: Substance that makes or the first ingredient. FTC: FJ keeps tissues of fruit and BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS vegetables firm or crisp, or in- FIELD CORN [QU] teracts with gelling agents to FTC: B1379 produce or strengthen a gel. BT: STARCH-PRODUCING filbert nut European Council Directive PLANT [B1016] USE: EUROPEAN FILBERT 95/2/EC. UF: corn, field [B1533] UF: dent corn FIRMING AGENT UF: zea mays var. indentata FILEFISH FTC: A0410 SN: Searching note--use 'field FTC: B2132 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, corn' for any breakfast cereal BT: LEATHERJACKET FAMILY CODEX ALIMENTARIUS or snack food having 'corn' as [B2138] [A0351] the first ingredient. UF: monacanthinae AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FIELD CORN FILET 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B1379 FTC: Z0144

98 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FISH BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: B1222 FISH, CLUPEIFORM BT: FISH OR LOWER WATER FTC: B1601 FISH, ZEIFORM ANIMAL [B1021] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: B1895 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FISH, CYPRINIFORM FTC: A0460 FTC: B1594 FISHING AREAS AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: AA BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FISH, GADIFORM AND REGIONS [QX] FTC: A0634 FTC: B1157 AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] fissurella maxima USE: KEYHOLE LIMPET [B2358] FISH FEED (FOOD FISH) FISH, GASTEROSTEIFORM FTC: P0011 FTC: B2478 FIVE-LINED SNAPPER BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: B1981 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] fish food (pet fish) FISH, GONORYNCHIFORM UF: lutjanus quinquelineatus USE: PET FISH FOOD [P0012] FTC: B2543 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] flacourtia hirtiuscula fish maw USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM USE: AIR BLADDER [C0284] FISH, JAWLESS [B2789] FTC: B1164 FISH OR LOWER WATER ANIMAL BT: FISH [B1222] flacourtia indica FTC: B1021 UF: agnatha USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD [B2789] SOURCE [B1297] FISH, LAMNIFORM UF: , water FTC: B2553 flacourtia latifolia BT: FISH, CARTILAGINOUS USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM FISH, ACIPENSERIFORM [B1007] [B2789] FTC: B1020 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FISH, LEPIDOSIRENIFORM flacourtia ramontchi FTC: B1994 USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM FISH, ALBULIFORM BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] [B2789] FTC: B2544 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FISH, LEPISOSTEIFORM flacourtia sepiaria SN: Source--American Fisheries FTC: B1894 USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM Society. BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] [B2789]

FISH, AMIIFORM FISH, LOPHIIFORM FLAKED FTC: B2425 FTC: B2404 FTC: H0274 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY MODIFIED [H0130] FISH, ANGUILLIFORM FISH, PERCIFORM SN: Used only for breakfast cere- FTC: B1574 FTC: B1581 als made by forcing cooked BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] particles of grain or tiny pel- lets of dough between very FISH, ATHERINIFORM FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM heavy rollers that convert FTC: B1573 FTC: B1023 each piece into a single flake. BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] UF: flatfish, flounder flaked (physical state) FISH, AULOPIFORM UF: flounders USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, FTC: B2497 THICKNESS <0.3 CM. BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FISH, RAJIFORM [E0100] FTC: B1968 FISH, BATRACHOIDIFORM BT: FISH, CARTILAGINOUS flammulina velutipes FTC: B2200 [B1007] USE: ENOKI MUSHROOM [B2507] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FISH, SALMONIFORM FLANCHET FISH, BERYCIFORM FTC: B1592 FTC: Z0125 FTC: B1983 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: CAPARACON [Z0123] BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] SN: This corresponds approxi- FISH, SCORPAENIFORM mately to the U.S. cut of meat FISH, BONY FTC: B2265 called 'flank'. FTC: B1365 BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] BT: FISH [B1222] FLANK UF: osteichthyes FISH, SILURIFORM FTC: Z0022 FTC: B1598 BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] FISH, CARTILAGINOUS BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: B1007 flatfish, flounder BT: FISH [B1222] FISH, SQUALIFORM USE: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM UF: chondrichythyes FTC: B1911 [B1023] BT: FISH, CARTILAGINOUS FISH, CHIMAERIFORM [B1007] FLATHEAD FTC: B2267 FTC: B2530 BT: FISH, CARTILAGINOUS FISH, TETRAODONTIFORM BT: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] [B1007] FTC: B1977 UF: bembrops spp. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 99

FLAVORING OR FLAVOR ENHAN- AI: Substance that enhances the FLATHEAD CATFISH CER existing taste and/or odour of FTC: B2582 FTC: A0300 a foodstuff. European Council BT: CATFISH [B2620] BT: FLAVORING OR SEASON- Directive 95/2/EC. UF: catfish, flathead ING [A0133] UF: pylodictis olivaris UF: flavor enhancer or flavoring FLAVOUR ENHANCER FTC: A0412 FLATHEAD FAMILY FLAVORING OR SEASONING BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B1809 FTC: A0133 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0351] UF: percophidae [A0289] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: seasoning or flavoring per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FLATHEAD SOLE SN: Product that imparts or helps 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B1871 to impart a taste or aroma in BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER food (21 CFR.170.3(n)(26). FLAVOURING AGENT FAMILY [B1856] FTC: A0413 UF: hippoglossoides elassodon FLAVORING OR SPICE EXTRACT BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: sole, flathead OR CONCENTRATE ADDED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS FTC: H0100 [A0351] FLATIRON HERRING BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B2152 HERB ADDED, NATURAL per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: HERRING [B1414] [H0229] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5

FLATTENED FLAVORING OR TASTE INGREDI- FLAVOURS SOLUBILIZER FTC: H0366 ENT ADDED FTC: A0414 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY FTC: H0117 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, MODIFIED [H0130] BT: INGREDIENT ADDED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SN: Used for any process such as [H0225] [A0351] rolling or pounding that is ap- SN: Used when such an ingredi- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- plied to dough, paste or meat ent is added for the purpose per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome (veal, chicken breast) in order of imparting flavor or taste. 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 to flatten the appearance. Processes such as salting and smoking are also used FLAX FLAVOR ENHANCER for preservation. If one of FTC: B1700 FTC: A0301 these is used as the primary BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: FLAVORING OR FLAVOR preservation method, the ap- [B1017] ENHANCER [A0300] propriate factor value from *J. UF: linum usitatissimum UF: taste enhancer PRESERVATION METHOD* SN: Substance added to a food to (e.g., *PRESERVED BY FLEAWORT supplement, enhance or mod- SALTING*) should also be FTC: B2659 ify the original taste and/or applied. BT: GRAIN OR SEED- aroma of a food or any of its PRODUCING PLANT ingredients without imparting FLAVORING, SPICE OR HERB [B1047] a pronounced characteristic ADDED UF: plantago afra taste or aroma of its own FTC: H0227 UF: plantago ovata (modified from 21 CFR 170.3 BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE UF: plantago psyllium (o) (11)). INGREDIENT ADDED UF: psyllium plant [H0117] UF: spanish psyllium flavor enhancer or flavoring SN: Used when flavoring, spice or USE: FLAVORING OR FLAVOR herb is added at any level. flesh of fruit ENHANCER [A0300] USE: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL FLAVORING, SPICE OR HERB REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR FLAVOR- OR TASTE-RELATED ADDED, NATURAL SEED REMOVED [C0229] CLAIM OR USE FTC: H0229 FTC: P0099 BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR FLORET OR FLOWER BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- HERB ADDED [H0227] FTC: C0237 TARY USE [P0023] BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, UF: taste- or flavor-related claim flavor-producing plant EXCLUDING FRUIT AND or use USE: SPICE OR FLAVOR- SEED [C0144] PRODUCING PLANT UF: bud (flower) FLAVORING [B1179] SN: The pigmented blossom of a FTC: A0215 plant that contains the repro- BT: FLAVORING OR FLAVOR FLAVOUR ADJUNCT ductive organs; a floret is a ENHANCER [A0300] FTC: A0411 single flower of a multiple UF: aroma BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, flowered inflorescence. Also SN: Natural or synthetic product, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS includes flower buds. dissolved in a suitable solvent [A0351] or carried on an appropriate AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FLORET USED AS VEGETABLE dry base and added to a food per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: B1036 product to enhance or impart 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING taste and aroma. PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND FLAVOUR ENHANCER PARTS USED [B1057] FLAVORING ADDED, ARTIFICIAL FTC: A0336 FTC: H0228 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- FLORIDA BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR CATION, EUROPEAN FTC: US12 HERB ADDED [H0227] COMMUNITY [A0324] BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES [US63]

100 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

fluid florida lobster USE: LIQUID [E0130] FOOD ADDITIVE USE: CARIBBEAN SPINY LOB- FTC: A0181 STER [B2164] fluvialosa vlaminghi BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA USE: WESTERN AUSTRALIAN [A0289] FLORIDA POMPANO GIZZARD SHAD [B2324] SN: Substance that is added to FTC: B1780 food or that is used to treat BT: POMPANO [B1475] FLYINGFISH food and that becomes a UF: trachinotus carolinus FTC: B1144 component of the food or oth- BT: FLYINGFISH FAMILY erwise affects the functional FLORIDA STONE CRAB [B1886] or nutritional characteristics of FTC: B1944 UF: cypselurus spp. the food; for purposes of this BT: MUD CRAB FAMILY [B2215] UF: exocoetus spp. vocabulary it excludes prod- UF: menippe UF: hirundichthys spp. ucts that fall under other UF: menippi mercenaria categories, such as flavors UF: stone crab FLYINGFISH FAMILY and sweeteners. FTC: B1886 flounder, indian ocean BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EURO- USE: INDIAN OCEAN FLOUNDER [B1573] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1873] UF: exocoetidae ALIMENTARIUS FTC: H0399 flounder, kamchatka FOAMING AGENT BT: INGREDIENT ADDED USE: KAMCHATKA FLOUNDER FTC: A0338 [H0225] [B1875] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- CATION, EUROPEAN SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT flounder, southern COMMUNITY [A0324] USE descriptor in indexing. USE: SOUTHERN FLOUNDER AI: Substance that makes it pos- Use more precise narrower [B1881] sible to form a homogenous term. dispersion of a gaseous flounder, starry phase in a liquid or solid FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USA USE: STARRY FLOUNDER foodstuff. European Council FTC: H0371 [B1874] Directive 95/2/EC. BT: INGREDIENT ADDED [H0225] flounder, summer FOAMING AGENT SN: Used when a food additive, USE: SUMMER FLOUNDER FTC: A0416 such as msg or a stabilizer, is [B1883] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, added at any level. CODEX ALIMENTARIUS flounder, yellowtail [A0351] FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFICATION, USE: YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- EUROPEAN COMMUNITY [B1872] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: A0324 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: A. PRODUCT TYPE [A0361] flounders SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- USE: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM foeniculum vulgare SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT [B1023] USE: FENNEL [B1262] USE descriptor in indexing. Use more precise narrower flour (physical state) foil, aluminum term. USE: FINELY GROUND [E0106] USE: ALUMINUM FOIL WRAPPER [M0190] FOOD ADDITIVE, EUROPEAN flour added COMMUNITY/CODEX ALI- USE: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] FONDANT MENTARIUS FTC: A0244 FTC: B2972 FLOUR TREATMENT AGENT BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] BT: CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE FTC: A0337 UF: candy, fondant [B1041] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- SN: Candy prepared by cooking CATION, EUROPEAN together sugar, water and in- FOOD ADDITIVES COMMUNITY [A0324] gredients to control crystal FTC: A0323 AI: Flour treatment agent other growth to a temperature of BT: A. PRODUCT TYPE [A0361] than emulsifier is a substance 238-246 degrees F. The SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- that is added to flour or dough product is then cooled ap- SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT to improve its baking quality. proximately 100 degrees and USE descriptor in indexing. European Council Directive agitated to promote a smooth, Use more precise narrower 95/2/EC. creamy texture. term.

FLOUR TREATMENT AGENT (CO- FOOD ADDED FOOD COLOUR DEX) FTC: H0180 FTC: A0417 FTC: A0415 BT: INGREDIENT ADDED BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, [H0225] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SN: When not otherwise indicated [A0351] [A0351] in the scope note, *FOOD AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- ADDED* factor terms are ap- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome plied when the specified food 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 is the second ingredient in or- der of predominance, exclud- FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FROM flower, root, stem or leaf ing water. Always used for fill- HUMAN-MADE MATERIAL USE: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR ings and when the added FTC: N0051 FLOWER [C0148] food is part of the product BT: N. FOOD CONTACT SUR- name (e.g., raisin bread). FACE [N0010] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 101

appropriate *CONSUMER FTC: Z0025 FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FROM GROUP* descriptor(s), for BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] NATURAL MATERIAL example, 'low sugar baby FTC: N0050 food' would be indexed by forest mushroom BT: N. FOOD CONTACT SUR- *INFANT OR TODDLER USE: SHIITAKE MUSHROOM FACE [N0010] FOOD* as well as by *LOW [B1635] SUGARS FOOD*. FOOD CONTACT SURFACE NOT forkbeard KNOWN FOOD INDUSTRY PREPARED USE: TADPOLE FISH [B2707] FTC: N0001 FTC: Z0112 BT: N. FOOD CONTACT SUR- BT: PREPARATION ESTAB- formicidae FACE [N0010] LISHMENT [Z0108] USE: ANT (INSECT) [B2495] SN: Used when it is not known UF: prepared by food industry what the food contact surface formosa is, if any. FOOD MODIFIED USE: CHINA, REPUBLIC OF [TW] FTC: H0141 FOOD CONTACT SURFACE, BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED formosan crab OTHER [H0111] USE: ORIENTAL BLUE CRAB FTC: N0004 SN: Used when the food product [B2214] BT: N. FOOD CONTACT SUR- underwent mechanical, FACE [N0010] chemical or enzymatic modi- FORMULATED MIX SN: Used only if the contact sur- fication that has affected the FTC: Z0074 face does not fall under any texture, flavor or other charac- BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- of the major types listed. teristic of the product. ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] SN: Food product consisting of a FOOD CONTENT RANGE food packs with separate components mixture of ingredients from (EUROPE) USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL which the final product can be FTC: Z0176 [A0139] prepared more easily than BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- from the ingredients them- ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] FOOD PRESERVATIVE selves. Further preparation FTC: A0418 necessary may include add- food dressing BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, ing ingredients, such as water USE: DRESSING FOR FOOD CODEX ALIMENTARIUS or eggs, stirring, blending or [A0276] [A0351] cooking. Examples would be AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- cake mix, unprepared stuff- food for dietary use per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome ing, cola syrup, powdered soft USE: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 drink mix or dried soup mix. TARY USE [P0023] FOOD SOURCE NOT KNOWN FORMULATION AGENT food for food animals FTC: B0001 FTC: A0419 USE: FEED FOR FOOD ANIMALS BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, [P0015] SN: Used only if so little is known CODEX ALIMENTARIUS about the food source that not [A0351] FOOD FOR LABORATORY ANI- even *ANIMAL USED AS AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- MALS FOOD SOURCE*, *PLANT per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: P0010 USED AS FOOD SOURCE*, 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] *ALGAE OR FUNGUS AS FOOD SOURCE* or FORMULATION AID FOOD FOR NON-FOOD ANIMALS *CHEMICAL FOOD FTC: A0420 FTC: P0013 SOURCE* can be assigned. BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: feed for non-food animals FOODSTUFFS INTENDED FOR [A0351] UF: mink food PARTICULAR NUTRI- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- TIONAL USES per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIETARY USE FTC: A0464 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: P0023 AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 BT: P. CONSUMER fortified GROUP/DIETARY FOODSTUFFS INTENDED FOR USE: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] PARTICULAR NUTRI- SUBSTANCE ADDED UF: dietary food TIONAL USES [H0194] UF: dietary use FTC: A0638 UF: food for dietary use AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 fortunella japonica UF: special dietary food USE: ROUND KUMQUAT [B2775] SN: These descriptors are used FOOT (MEAT CUT) either for foods intended for FTC: Z0041 fortunella margarita special dietary use as defined BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] USE: OVAL KUMQUAT [B2774] in 21 CFR 105 or for foods that have special characteris- FORDHOOK LIMA BEAN fortunella spp. tics indicated in the name or FTC: B1562 USE: KUMQUAT [B1530] labeling. Such claims would BT: LIMA BEAN [B1397] include 'low calorie', 'low cho- UF: large lima bean fowl lesterol', 'diet' or 'dietetic', etc. UF: lima bean, large USE: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD Prior to february 1992, this [B1563] category of descriptors was fore quarter limited solely to food for adult USE: QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] fox grape humans. The category is now USE: GRAPE, FOX [B2001] used in conjunction with any FORE SHANK

102 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus fox nut USE: "FRESH FROZEN" LABEL FROZEN BY REFRIGERATING USE: EURYALE [B2524] CLAIM [P0178] AGENT FTC: J0171 fragaria spp. fresh, label claim BT: QUICK FROZEN [J0132] USE: STRAWBERRY [B1393] USE: "FRESH" LABEL CLAIM SN: Cryo-quick refrigerated using [P0120] refrigerating agent, e.g. liquid FRANCE nitrogen. Example: lobster. FTC: FR FRESHWATER BT: EUROPE, WESTERN FTC: FRWA FROZEN CUSTARD [QR04] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: A0165 BT: ICE CREAM OR FROZEN FRECKLED PIKE-CONGER FRESHWATER BASS CUSTARD [A0137] FTC: B2536 FTC: B2426 UF: custard, frozen BT: DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] UF: french custard ice cream [B2533] UF: french ice cream FRESHWATER DRUM UF: ice cream, french free, label claim FTC: B1796 SN: Frozen custard, in compari- USE: "FREE" LABEL CLAIM BT: DRUM [B1204] son with ice cream, contains [P0129] UF: aplodinotus grunniens at least 1.4% egg yolk solids UF: gaspergou by weight of the finished FREEZANT product (21 CFR 135.110(a)). FTC: A0421 freshwater eel BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: EEL, FRESHWATER [B2700] frozen custard or ice cream CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: ICE CREAM OR FROZEN [A0351] FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY CUSTARD [A0137] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B2545 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: EEL [B1278] FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: anguillidae FTC: A0114 BT: DAIRY PRODUCT [A0164] FREEZE-DRIED FRESHWATER PERCH UF: dairy dessert, frozen FTC: J0130 FTC: B1557 UF: dessert, frozen dairy BT: DRIED UNDER REDUCED BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] SN: A frozen dessert prepared PRESSURE [J0112] UF: perch, freshwater from one or more dairy ingre- SN: Dehydrated by sublimation dients or their analogs, plus under reduced pressure while fried other ingredients. Includes frozen. Usually the product is USE: COOKED WITH FAT OR OIL frozen dairy items offered in a not stored frozen. [G0024] cone, a sandwich or as a cake or pie, such as frozen french bean FRIGATE TUNA yogurt in a cone or an ice USE: KIDNEY BEAN [B1113] FTC: B1787 cream sandwich; these are BT: TUNA [B1269] also indexed under *GRAIN french custard ice cream UF: auxis thazard ADDED*. USE: FROZEN CUSTARD [A0165] UF: tuna, frigate FROZEN NONDAIRY DESSERT french cut fringe sole FTC: A0206 USE: SLICED, THIN, BELOW 0.5 USE: SAND SOLE [B1870] BT: DESSERT [A0222] CM. [E0145] UF: dessert, frozen nondairy FRINGESCALE SARDINELLA UF: nondairy dessert, frozen french fried FTC: B2648 SN: Frozen dessert prepared from USE: FAT OR OIL COATED BT: SARDINE [B1558] nondairy ingredients. [H0233] UF: sardinella fimbriata frozen previously FRENCH GUIANA FROG USE: PREVIOUSLY FROZEN FTC: GF FTC: B1252 [H0241] BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] BT: AMPHIBIAN [B1624] UF: rana catesbiana FROZEN TOFU DESSERT french ice cream UF: rana esculenta FTC: A0307 USE: FROZEN CUSTARD [A0165] UF: rana japonica BT: FROZEN NONDAIRY DES- UF: rana nigromaculata SERT [A0206] FRENCH POLYNESIA UF: rana pipiens UF: tofu dessert, frozen FTC: PF UF: rana sylvatica UF: tofu frozen dessert BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS UF: salientia SN: Frozen dessert prepared from [QU] tofu ingredient and intended frogfish to resemble ice cream. FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITO- USE: MONKFISH [B2401] RIES FROZEN YOGURT FTC: TF frostfish FTC: A0211 BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: WHITING [B1640] BT: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT [QU] [A0114] frosting UF: yogurt, frozen french terrritory of the afars and issas USE: ICING OR FROSTING SN: A frozen dessert prepared USE: DJIBOUTI [DJ] [A0269] from yogurt and other ingredi- ents. french vanilla frozen USE: VANILLA [B1355] USE: PRESERVED BY FREEZING FRUCTOSE [J0136] FTC: C0223 fresh frozen, label claim BT: SUGAR [C0108] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 103

UF: levulose 150.141). The finished fruit pits, or other coarse or hard SN: Used when pure fructose is jelly must have a soluble solid substances. The proportion of the major ingredient. If *HIGH content of no less than 65% fruit ingredient used on an FRUCTOSE SYRUP* is the and the ratio by weight of the equivalent single strength ba- major ingredient, use that fruit ingredient to sweetener in sis is not less than 40% by term for indexing. the starting mixture must be weight of the finished food. It no less than 45:55. Artificially may be sweetened (21 CFR FRUCTOSE ADDED sweetened fruit jelly must 146.113). FTC: H0168 contain no less than 55% fruit BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ingredient by weight. FRUIT OR BERRY ADDED [H0136] FTC: C0167 SN: Used when pure fructose is FRUIT JUICE BT: FRUIT OR SEED [C0165] added. Consider also the FTC: A0127 UF: berry or fruit (anatomical part) term *HIGH FRUCTOSE BT: FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED UF: fruit or berry, peel undeter- CORN SYRUP ADDED*. PRODUCT [A0104] mined UF: juice, fruit UF: hip (fruit) FRUIT ADDED SN: The liquid extracted or ex- SN: The fleshy fruit or berry of any FTC: H0147 pressed from mature fruit with plant (including vegetables). BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] or without the application of The bulk of a fruit is its fleshy heat. Includes concentrated part, which is covered by a fruit bread juice and single-strength peel (skin) and which en- USE: QUICK BREAD, SWEET- juice. If the single-strength closes a core, pit or seeds. ENED [A0183] juice is prepared from con- The factor values under centrate, then *WATER *FRUIT OR BERRY* are ar- FRUIT BUTTER ADDED* should be used. rayed so that the indexer can FTC: A0184 Carbonated fruit juices are in- check first whether the peel is BT: FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, dexed by *FRUIT JUICE* or present, removed or unde- PRESERVE OR RELATED *FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED* termined; then check the PRODUCT [A0155] and *CARBONATED* or the same informationfor the core, SN: Smooth semisolid fruit prod- appropriate narrower term. pit or seeds. For juices, bev- uct prepared from a mixture erages or jellies made from of one or more fruit ingredi- FRUIT JUICE ADDED fruit, Index the entire part from ents and specified optional FTC: H0362 which the product is derived. ingredients. Skins, seeds, BT: FRUIT ADDED [H0147] pits, and cores are screened fruit or berry, bunch out. Nutritive carbohydrate FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED PROD- USE: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL sweetener may be used, but UCT PRESENT, CORE, PIT OR the starting mixture of optional FTC: A0104 SEED PRESENT [C0140] ingredients must contain at BT: FRUIT OR FRUIT PRODUCT least five parts by weight of [A0143] FRUIT OR BERRY, CORE ONLY the fruit ingredient to each two SN: Liquid food prepared from fruit FTC: C0293 parts by weight of the nutritive (21 CFR 146). Products pre- BT: PEEL, CORE OR SEED carbohydrate sweetener. The pared from fruit juice by thick- [C0110] soluble content of the finished ening with pectin are indexed AI: The hard, central fruit butter is not less than under *FRUIT JELLY*; those part of an apple, pear, etc., 43% solids (21 CFR thickened with gelatin are un- that contains the seeds 150.110). der *FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, (Source: Webster's) PRESERVE OR RELATED FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, PRESERVE PRODUCT*. FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL ONLY OR RELATED PRODUCT FTC: C0294 FTC: A0155 FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED BT: PEEL, CORE OR SEED BT: FRUIT OR FRUIT PRODUCT FTC: A0130 [C0110] [A0143] BT: FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED AI: The rind or skin SN: Semisolid or jelled food pre- PRODUCT [A0104] of fruit (Source: Webster's) pared from fruit or fruit juice UF: diluted juice beverage and other ingredients pre- UF: juice beverage, diluted FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT scribed for the individual SN: Beverage prepared by diluting FTC: C0137 products (21 CFR 150). fruit juice to less than single BT: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] strength, based upon ac- FRUIT ENAMEL (F-ENAMEL) cepted soluble solids values. FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, FTC: N0016 Include beverages containing CORE, PIT OR SEED PRE- BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] 15 to 99% fruit juice. SENT UF: f-enamel *WATER ADDED* or the ap- FTC: C0140 propriate narrower term BT: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL FRUIT JELLY should be used to specify the PRESENT [C0137] FTC: A0209 degree of dilution. UF: fruit or berry, bunch BT: FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, PRESERVE OR RELATED FRUIT NECTAR FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, PRODUCT [A0155] FTC: A0196 CORE, PIT OR SEED RE- SN: Jelled product made from one BT: FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED MOVED or more fruit juices and op- PRODUCT [A0104] FTC: C0139 tional ingredients. Includes SN: Pulpy, liquid food prepared BT: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL both fruit jelly, which may be from fruit puree, pulp, juice or PRESENT [C0137] sweetened with nutritive car- concentrates thereof, water, bohydrate sweeteners, (21 and optional ingredients. It FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL RE- CFR 150.140), and artificially contains finely divided insolu- MOVED sweetened fruit jelly (21 CFR ble fruit solids but not seeds, FTC: C0138

104 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] SN: Fruits and vegetables in all FTC: A0213 forms. BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL RE- SN: Soft candy prepared by boil- MOVED, CORE, PIT OR FRUIT PEEL ADDED ing milk, sugar, salt and op- SEED PRESENT FTC: H0363 tional ingredients to the soft- FTC: C0230 BT: FRUIT ADDED [H0147] ball stage (238 degrees F.). BT: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED [C0138] FRUIT PRESERVE OR JAM FUGU FTC: A0251 FTC: B2175 FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL RE- BT: FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, BT: PUFFER [B2394] MOVED, CORE, PIT OR PRESERVE OR RELATED SEED REMOVED PRODUCT [A0155] fuki FTC: C0229 UF: jam or fruit preserve USE: BUTTER BUR [B1739] BT: FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UF: marmalade REMOVED [C0138] SN: Viscous or semisolid fruit fully cooked UF: flesh of fruit product made from whole USE: FULLY HEAT-TREATED fruits or pieces of fruit of one [F0014] fruit or berry, peel undetermined or more varieties and optional USE: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] ingredients. Includes fruit FULLY HEAT-TREATED preserve or jam (21 CFR FTC: F0014 FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDE- 150.160) and artificially BT: HEAT-TREATED [F0022] TERMINED, CORE, PIT OR sweetened fruit preserve or UF: cooked, fully SEED PRESENT jam (21 CFR 150.161). The UF: fully cooked FTC: C0163 specifications of starting mix- UF: ready to eat (cooked) BT: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] ture and finished soluble sol- SN: Used when heat was applied ids are the same as for fruit to a food product for a time FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDE- jelly. sufficient to fully change its TERMINED, CORE, PIT OR flavor and textural character- SEED REMOVED FRUIT SPREAD OR SAUCE istics and to cause significant FTC: C0213 FTC: A0197 chemical changes and/or de- BT: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] BT: FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, struction of enzyme and mi- PRESERVE OR RELATED crobial activity. The product FRUIT OR BERRY, SEED ONLY PRODUCT [A0155] can be consumed without fur- FTC: C0295 SN: Nonstandardized fruit product ther cooking. BT: PEEL, CORE OR SEED prepared from a mixture of [C0110] one or more fruit ingredients FUMARIC ACID AI: The part of a and optional ingredients in- FTC: B3101 flowering plant that typically cluding nutritive carbohydrate BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- contains the embryo with its sweetener, spice or flavor; in- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX protective coat and stored cludes applesauce and cran- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] food and that can develop berry sauce. UF: E 297 into a new plant under the UF: INS 297 proper conditions; fertilised FRUIT USED AS VEGETABLE and mature ovule (Source: FTC: B1006 FUMARIC ACID ADDED Webster's). BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING FTC: H0526 [A botanical ovule].Seeds and PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, fruits commonly called seeds PARTS USED [B1057] EUROPEAN COMMU- include: grain, kernel, berry, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ear, corn, nut. (Source: Web- FRUITING BODY TARIUS [H0399] ster's Thesaurus). FTC: C0296 UF: E 297 added BT: PART OF ALGAE OR FUN- UF: INS 297 added FRUIT OR FRUIT PRODUCT GUS [C0247] FTC: A0143 AI: The spore- FUMIGANT BT: FRUIT OR VEGETABLE bearing structure of a fungus FTC: A0422 PRODUCT [A0257] (Source: Webster's) BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: pie filling, fruit CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SN: Fruit in all forms; includes fruit FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT [A0351] juices and fruit juice drinks, FTC: B1140 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- fruit butters, jellies, preserves, BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome and related products. SOURCE [B1347] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5

FRUIT OR NUT CANDY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX FTC: A0161 FTC: A0455 ALIMENTARIUS BT: CANDY [A0204] AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 FTC: A0351 UF: nut or fruit candy BT: FOOD ADDITIVES [A0323] SN: Candy in which fruit or nut is FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- the first ingredient. FTC: A0629 SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 USE descriptor in indexing. FRUIT OR SEED Use more precise narrower FTC: C0165 fryer chicken term. BT: PART OF PLANT [C0174] USE: BROILER OR FRYER CHICKEN [B1198] fundulus spp. FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT USE: KILLIFISH [B2599] FTC: A0257 fu gwa BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] FUNGICIDAL PRESERVATIVE [A0289] FTC: A0423 FUDGE LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 105

BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, applied: in the home, in a CODEX ALIMENTARIUS store, by a vendor, in a res- GAFFTOPSAIL CATFISH [A0351] taurant, or in a food manufac- FTC: B2174 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- turing plant. If cooking in- BT: SEA CATFISH FAMILY per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome volves two or more steps, [B1155] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 such as pre-grilling and then UF: bagre marinus baking, index all; the steps FUNGISTATIC AGENT may be applied in the same GALACTOSE FTC: A0424 location or at different loca- FTC: C0254 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, tions (for example, a pre- BT: SUGAR [C0108] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS grilled frozen chicken breast UF: galactose, d- [A0351] that is fully cooked through AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- baking in the home). For sim- GALACTOSE ADDED per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome ple reheating, use a descrip- FTC: H0265 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 tor under *REHEATED*. As a BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP rule, only cooking methods ADDED [H0136] FUNGUS applied to the food product as FTC: B1261 a whole are indexed. Cooking galactose, d- BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR methods applied to a compo- USE: GALACTOSE [C0254] FUNGUS USED AS FOOD nent or ingredient of the food SOURCE [B1215] may be indexed if they are of galangal significance for the safety, USE: GREATER GALANGAL FUSILIER palatability, or nutritional [B2601] FTC: B2603 characteristics of the Cooking BT: FUSILIER FAMILY [B2602] method is not indexed for GALANGAL UF: blue fusilier products where heating FTC: B2971 serves mainly for preserva- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FUSILIER FAMILY tion, such as in canning or PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2602 blanching vegetables before [B1179] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] freezing. It is also not indexed UF: caesionidae for products wherein heating galangale is inherent in the food as it is USE: GREATER GALANGAL fusilier, lunar indexed in A. Product Type. [B2601] USE: LUNAR FUSILIER [B2604] Examples would be the heat- ing of cheese for manufac- galathea monodon fusilier, striated ture, the pasteurization of USE: COLORADO LANGOSTINO USE: STRIATED FUSILIER milk, the boiling of sugar [B2205] [B2606] syrup in the making of confec- tionery, or the drum-drying galatheidae fusilier, suez under heat of breakfast cere- USE: SQUAT LOBSTER FAMILY USE: SUEZ FUSILIER [B2605] als. These products and [B2162] products not subject to heat futuna islands treatment are indexed by galeichthys felis USE: WALLIS AND FUTUNA IS- *COOKING METHOD NOT USE: SEA CATFISH [B2374] LANDS [WF] APPLICABLE*. galeorhinus galeus FUZZY MELON GABON USE: TOPE SHARK [B2525] FTC: B2518 FTC: GA BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] galilee fish PUMPKIN [B2091] USE: EUROPEAN JOHN DORY UF: benincasa hispida var. gadidae [B2278] UF: chinese vegetable marrow USE: COD FAMILY [B1835] UF: hairy melon galipea officinalis UF: mogwa gadus aeglifinus USE: ANGOSTURA (TREE) USE: HADDOCK [B1441] [B1188] G. COOKING METHOD FTC: G0002 gadus macrocephalus gallinago spp. SN: The method by which a food USE: PACIFIC COD [B1841] USE: SNIPE [B2696] is precooked, cooked, re- heated, or held warm. Cook- gadus merlangus gallus domesticus ing means raising the tem- USE: EUROPEAN WHITING USE: CHICKEN [B1457] perature of a food by heat or [B2644] microwaves for a time suffi- GAMBEYA cient to convert it from a raw gadus morhua FTC: B2790 or partially cooked state to a USE: ATLANTIC COD [B1842] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- partially or fully cooked state. CAL FRUIT [B1024] The physical and biochemical gadus ogac UF: chrysophyllum autranianum changes in the food and its USE: GREENLAND COD [B2865] UF: gambeya lacourtiana components that affect the UF: longhi safety, palatability or nutri- gadus pollachius tional characteristics of the USE: POLLOCK [B1440] gambeya lacourtiana food depend not only on the USE: GAMBEYA [B2790] degree of cooking as indexed gadus spp. in d. Extent of heat treatment USE: COD [B1423] GAMBIA but also on the specific cook- FTC: GM ing a cooking method is in- gadus virens BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] dexed no matter where it is USE: POLLOCK [B1440]

106 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus game birds UF: orach BT: PROTEIN EXTRACT, CON- USE: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD CENTRATE OR ISOLATE [B1563] garden pea [C0236] USE: PEA [B1338] SN: A protein extract or concen- GAME FEED trate derived from collagen. FTC: P0157 garfish BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] USE: CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH GELATIN ADDED [B1417] FTC: H0165 GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL BT: PROTEIN ADDED [H0164] FTC: B3102 GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM SN: used when gelatin is added at BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1740 any level. PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: chrysanthemum coronarium GELATIN ADDED UF: E 308 UF: chrysanthemum, garland FTC: H0165 UF: INS 308 UF: kor tongho BT: STABILIZER ADDED UF: shungiku [H0368] GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED SN: used when gelatin is added at FTC: H0527 GARLIC any level. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1233 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- GELATIN DESSERT NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PRODUCING PLANT FTC: A0169 TARIUS [H0399] [B1179] BT: DESSERT [A0222] UF: E 308 added UF: allium sativum SN: Sweetened product contain- UF: INS 308 added ing gelatin, flavoring and col- garlic chive oring. gandules USE: CHINESE CHIVE [B2419] USE: PIGEON PEA [B2010] GELLAN GUM garrick FTC: B3103 ganoderma lucidum USE: PALOMETA [B2490] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: REISHI MUSHROOM PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B2361] gaspergou ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: FRESHWATER DRUM UF: E 418 GAR FAMILY [B1796] UF: INS 418 FTC: B1893 BT: FISH, LEPISOSTEIFORM gasterochisma melampus GELLAN GUM ADDED [B1894] USE: BUTTERFLY MACKEREL FTC: H0528 UF: lepisosteidae [B2314] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- GARBANZO BEAN gasterosteidae NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1172 USE: STICKLEBACK FAMILY TARIUS [H0399] BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) [B2483] UF: E 418 added [B1567] UF: INS 418 added UF: bengal gram bean gastoro UF: chick bean USE: BUTTERFLY MACKEREL gelling agent UF: chick pea [B2314] USE: STABILIZER, THICKENER UF: cicer arietinum OR GELLING AGENT UF: indian gram bean GASTROPOD [A0319] FTC: B2111 GARCINIA BT: MOLLUSK [B2112] GELLING AGENT FTC: B2803 UF: FTC: A0339 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] gastropoda CATION, EUROPEAN UF: garcinia buchananii USE: GASTROPOD [B2111] COMMUNITY [A0324] UF: garcinia huillensis AI: Substance that gives a food- gathered or wild stuff texture through formation garcinia buchananii USE: WILD OR GATHERED of a gel. European Council Di- USE: GARCINIA [B2803] [Z0153] rective 95/2/EC. garcinia huillensis gaultheria procumbens GELLING AGENT USE: GARCINIA [B2803] USE: WINTERGREEN [B1386] FTC: A0426 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, garcinia mangostana GAZA STRIP CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: MANGOSTEEN [B2037] FTC: GZ [A0351] BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- GARDEN CRESS per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: B2270 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: LAND CRAB FAMILY UF: lepidium sativum [B2342] gempylidae USE: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY garden lemon GECKO [B1820] USE: MANGO MELON [B2042] FTC: B2615 BT: LIZARD [B2293] genip (melicoccus) GARDEN ORACH USE: SPANISH LIME [B1468] FTC: B2751 GELATIN BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: C0219 genipa americana UF: atriplex hortensis USE: MARMALADE BOX [B2662] UF: mountain spinach LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 107 genipap SN: A seed in the early stage of USE: MARMALADE BOX [B2662] sprouting but with the en- GILCHRIST SPINY LOBSTER dosperm still predominant. FTC: B2167 genyonemus lineatus Sprouting is associated with BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY USE: WHITE CROAKER [B2281] enzymatic changes in the [B2163] seed. Compare *SPROUT*. UF: palinurus gilchristi genypterus blacodes USE: GOLDEN KINGKLIP [B1858] germo GILT HEADED BREAM USE: TUNA [B1269] FTC: B2858 genypterus chilensis BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] USE: RED KINGKLIP [B1859] geryon granulatus UF: sparus auratus USE: PACIFIC DEEP SEA CRAB genypterus maculatus [B2229] GINGER USE: BLACK KINGKLIP [B1857] FTC: B1265 geryon quinquedens BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- genypterus reedi USE: RED DEEPSEA CRAB PRODUCING PLANT USE: CARMINE CUSK-EEL [B1943] [B1179] [B2379] UF: zingiber officinale geryonidae genypterus spp. USE: DEEP SEA CRAB FAMILY gingerbread palm USE: KINGKLIP [B2485] [B2228] USE: DOUM PALM [B2782]

GEOPOLITICAL DESIGNATION GHANA GINGERBREAD PLUM FTC: QZ FTC: GH FTC: B2829 BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- AND REGIONS [QX] CAL FRUIT [B1024] GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN UF: parinari macrophylla GEORGIA FTC: B1263 FTC: US13 BT: PALAEMONID SHRIMP gingerbread tree BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES FAMILY [B1163] USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] [US63] GIANT GRANADILLA GINKGO GEORGIA (COUNTRY) FTC: B2785 FTC: B1260 FTC: GG BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] CAL FRUIT [B1024] [B1062] UF: passiflora macrocarpa UF: ginkgo biloba GERM UF: passiflora quadrangularis FTC: C0182 ginkgo biloba BT: SEED PART, OTHER giant greystripe USE: GINKGO [B1260] [C0178] USE: SUNFLOWER [B1547] UF: embryo (seed) GINSENG giant owl limpet FTC: B1673 GERM AND BRAN USE: OWL LIMPET [B2357] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: C0142 PRODUCING PLANT BT: SEED PART, OTHER GIANT SEA BASS [B1179] [C0178] FTC: B1765 UF: panax UF: bran and germ BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY [B1184] GITE ARRIERE GERM OIL UF: sea bass, giant FTC: Z0137 FTC: C0297 UF: stereolepis gigas BT: CUISSE [Z0136] BT: FAT OR OIL [C0190] AI: The oil produced GIANT SEA PIKE GITE AVANT by pressing or extracting lip- FTC: B2392 FTC: Z0132 ids from plant germs (e.g. BT: BARRACUDA FAMILY BT: RAQUETTE [Z0131] wheat germ oil, corn germ oil) [B1829] SN: This corresponds approxi- /AM UF: sphyraena jello mately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'fore shank'. GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC GIANT STARGAZER FTC: DE FTC: B2877 GIZZARD BT: EUROPE, CENTRAL [QR01] BT: STARGAZER FAMILY FTC: C0124 UF: federal republic of germany [B2275] BT: STOMACH [C0211] UF: germany UF: kathetostoma giganteum GIZZARD SHAD german wheat GIANT TIGER PRAWN FTC: B2370 USE: SPELT [B2917] FTC: B2612 BT: SHAD [B1348] BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: nematalosa come germany [B1081] USE: GERMAN FEDERAL RE- UF: black tiger prawn GLASS PUBLIC [DE] UF: penaeus monodon FTC: N0040 BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE GERMINATED OR SPROUTED GIBRALTAR FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- SEED FTC: GI TERIAL [N0051] FTC: C0102 BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN SN: An amorphous, inorganic, BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN [QR03] inert substance consisting of PRESENT, GERM PRE- a mixture of silicates, borates SENT [C0133] gilbert islands or phosphates, and usually UF: sprouted seed USE: KIRIBATI [KI] transparent or translucent.

108 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: M0133 BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA GLASS CONTAINER BT: GLASS CONTAINER, PLAS- [A0289] FTC: M0130 TIC LID OR STOPPER SN: An edible coating used to BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- [M0134] enhance appearance and PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] palatibility and to protect the GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, food product. GLASS CONTAINER, ALUMINUM PAPER LINING LID FTC: M0108 glazed FTC: M0132 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, PLAS- USE: COATED OR COVERED BT: GLASS CONTAINER, TIC LID OR STOPPER [H0353] METAL LID [M0210] [M0134] GLAZING AGENT (INCLUDING LU- GLASS CONTAINER, ALUMINUM GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, BRICANTS) LID, PLASTIC LINING PLASTIC LINING FTC: A0340 FTC: M0135 FTC: M0136 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- BT: GLASS CONTAINER, ALU- BT: GLASS CONTAINER, PLAS- CATION, EUROPEAN MINUM LID [M0132] TIC LID OR STOPPER COMMUNITY [A0324] [M0134] AI: Substance which, when ap- GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED plied to the external surface of FTC: M0278 GLASS CONTAINER, TINLESS a foodstuff, imparts a shiny BT: GLASS CONTAINER STEEL LID appearance or provide a pro- [M0130] FTC: M0106 tective coating. European BT: GLASS CONTAINER, Council Directive 95/2/EC. GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, METAL LID [M0210] COVERED/PROTECTED GLOBE TOMATO FTC: M0282 GLASS CONTAINER, TIN-PLATED FTC: B1078 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, COL- STEEL LID BT: TOMATO [B1276] OURED [M0278] FTC: M0143 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, globefish GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, METAL LID [M0210] USE: PUFFER [B2394] LIGHT WEIGHT FTC: M0279 GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOL- GLUCONIC ACID BT: GLASS CONTAINER, COL- OURED FTC: B3104 OURED [M0278] FTC: M0273 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: GLASS CONTAINER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, [M0130] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NORMAL WEIGHT UF: glass container, natural UF: E 574 FTC: M0280 UF: INS 574 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, COL- GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOL- OURED [M0278] OURED, COV- GLUCONIC ACID ADDED ERED/PROTECTED FTC: H0529 GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, FTC: M0277 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, STRENGTHENED BT: GLASS CONTAINER, UN- EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: M0281 COLOURED [M0273] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: GLASS CONTAINER, COL- TARIUS [H0399] OURED [M0278] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOL- UF: E 574 added OURED, LIGHT WEIGHT UF: INS 574 added GLASS CONTAINER, CORK STOP- FTC: M0274 PER BT: GLASS CONTAINER, UN- GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE FTC: M0121 COLOURED [M0273] FTC: B3105 BT: GLASS CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [M0130] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOL- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX OURED, NORMAL WEIGHT ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] GLASS CONTAINER, METAL LID FTC: M0275 UF: E 575 FTC: M0210 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, UN- UF: INS 575 BT: GLASS CONTAINER COLOURED [M0273] [M0130] GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOL- ADDED glass container, natural OURED, STRENGTHENED FTC: H0530 USE: GLASS CONTAINER, UN- FTC: M0276 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, COLOURED [M0273] BT: GLASS CONTAINER, UN- EUROPEAN COMMU- COLOURED [M0273] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID TARIUS [H0399] OR STOPPER GLASS STOPPER UF: E 575 added FTC: M0134 FTC: M0231 UF: INS 575 added BT: GLASS CONTAINER BT: STOPPER [M0427] [M0130] glucose, d- glassine USE: DEXTROSE [C0222] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, USE: GREASE PROOF PAPER ALUMINUM FOIL LINING CONTAINER [M0337] GLUTAMIC ACID FTC: M0140 FTC: B3106 BT: GLASS CONTAINER, PLAS- glaucus BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TIC LID OR STOPPER USE: PALOMETA [B2490] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [M0134] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] GLAZE UF: E 620 GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, FTC: A0214 UF: INS 620 LAMINATE LINING LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 109

GLUTAMIC ACID ADDED UF: E 1518 added FTC: H0531 UF: INS 1518 added gobiidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: GOBY FAMILY [B2542] EUROPEAN COMMU- GLYCINE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3110 gobio gobio TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: GUDGEON [B2705] UF: E 620 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 620 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] GOBY UF: E 640 FTC: B2541 GLUTEN UF: INS 640 BT: GOBY FAMILY [B2542] FTC: C0177 UF: mudskipper BT: PROTEIN EXTRACT, CON- GLYCINE ADDED CENTRATE OR ISOLATE FTC: H0535 GOBY FAMILY [C0236] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2542 SN: Extract, concentrate or isolate EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] high in gluten, the predomi- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: gobiidae nant protein of wheat or corn. TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 640 added GOBY FLATHEAD gluten added UF: INS 640 added FTC: B2532 USE: PROTEIN ADDED [H0164] BT: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] glycine max UF: bembrops gobioides GLUTEN FREE CLAIM OR USE USE: SOYBEAN [B1452] FTC: P0174 GOLD BT: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR glycyrrhiza glabra FTC: B3111 CONSTITUENT-RELATED USE: LICORICE [B2048] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CLAIM OR USE [P0115] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX glyptocephalus cynoglossus ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] GLYCEROL USE: GRAY SOLE [B1867] UF: E 175 FTC: B3107 UF: INS 175 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- glyptocephalus zachirus PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: REX SOLE [B1864] GOLD ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0536 UF: E 422 gmelina indica BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 422 USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM EUROPEAN COMMU- [B2789] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- GLYCEROL ADDED TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0532 GOA BEAN UF: E 175 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1726 UF: INS 175 added EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B1567] gold apple TARIUS [H0399] UF: asparagus pea USE: TOMATO [B1276] UF: E 422 added UF: psophocarpus tetragonolobus UF: INS 422 added UF: winged bean golden apple USE: AMBARELLA [B1284] GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD GOAT ROSINS FTC: B1328 golden corn FTC: B3108 BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1134] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: capra hircus GOLDEN CRAB ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B2343 UF: E 445 goat and cattle BT: STONE AND KING CRAB UF: INS 445 USE: CATTLE AND GOAT [B2245] FAMILY [B2209] UF: lithodes aequispina GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD goat and cattle and sheep ROSINS ADDED USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP AND golden gram bean FTC: H0533 GOAT [B2247] USE: MUNG BEAN [B1395] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- goat and cow GOLDEN KINGKLIP NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: CATTLE AND GOAT [B2245] FTC: B1858 TARIUS [H0399] BT: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] UF: E 445 added goat and sheep UF: genypterus blacodes UF: INS 445 added USE: SHEEP AND GOAT [B2101] UF: kingklip, golden

GLYCERYL TRIACETATE goat and sheep and cow golden orfes FTC: B3109 USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP AND USE: IDE [B2713] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- GOAT [B2247] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX golden oriental grapefruit ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] goat nut USE: SUMMER ORANGE [B2315] UF: E 1518 USE: JOJOBA [B1704] UF: INS 1518 GOLDEN SNAPPER GOATFISH FTC: B2148 GLYCERYL TRIACETATE ADDED FTC: B2650 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] FTC: H0534 BT: GOATFISH FAMILY [B2658] UF: lutjanus inermis BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- GOATFISH FAMILY GOLD-STRIPED SNAPPER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B2658 FTC: B1982 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798]

110 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: flour added good grade GRADE A, EUROPE USE: SELECT GRADE [Z0011] FTC: Z0150 GRAIN OR SEED-PRODUCING BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE PLANT good source of label claim [Z0065] FTC: B1047 USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD CLAIM [P0134] GRADE E, EUROPE SOURCE [B1347] FTC: Z0066 good source of, label claim BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE GRAIN OR STARCH PRODUCT USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL [Z0065] FTC: A0125 CLAIM [P0134] UF: meat grade e BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0289] GOOSE GRADE O, EUROPE SN: Any form of whole or milled FTC: B1253 FTC: Z0069 grain, prepared grain product BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE or starch containing product [B1563] [Z0065] derived from non-grain UF: branta spp. UF: meat grade o sources. goose plum GRADE OF MEAT GRAINS OF PARADISE USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] FTC: Z0064 FTC: B2061 BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- GOOSEBERRY TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B1394 OR FISH [Z0049] [B1179] BT: BERRY, RIBES [B1159] SN: Use the appropriate narrower UF: amomum granum-paradisii term only if meat is the first or UF: amomum melegueta GOOSEFISH FAMILY sole ingredient of a food FTC: B2405 product. granadilla BT: FISH, LOPHIIFORM [B2404] USE: PASSION FRUIT [B1634] UF: lophiidae GRADE OF MEAT NOT KNOWN FTC: Z0019 granule, food goosefoot, white BT: GRADE OF MEAT [Z0064] USE: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED USE: LAMB'S QUARTER [B1681] BY FORMING, THICKNESS GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0140] gooseneck sorgho FTC: Z0065 USE: SORGHUM [B1448] BT: GRADE OF MEAT [Z0064] GRAPE FTC: B1329 gorgon nut GRADE OF MEAT, MIXTURE BT: BERRY [B1231] USE: EURYALE [B2524] FTC: Z0053 UF: vitis BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. gossypium [Z0007] GRAPE, CONCORD USE: COTTON [B1210] FTC: B2122 GRADE OF MEAT, MIXTURE BT: GRAPE, FOX [B2001] GOURAMI FTC: Z0053 UF: concord grape FTC: B2423 BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE UF: vitis labrusca var. concord BT: GOURAMI FAMILY [B2422] [Z0065] UF: gouramy GRAPE, CORINTH UF: trichopsis GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. FTC: B2038 FTC: Z0007 BT: GRAPE, EUROPEAN GOURAMI FAMILY BT: GRADE OF MEAT [Z0064] [B2121] FTC: B2422 UF: corinth grape BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] GRADE P, EUROPE UF: anabantidae FTC: Z0070 GRAPE, EUROPEAN BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE FTC: B2121 gouramy [Z0065] BT: GRAPE [B1329] USE: GOURAMI [B2423] UF: meat grade p UF: european grape UF: vitis vinifera GOURD GRADE R, EUROPE FTC: B1719 FTC: Z0068 GRAPE, FOX BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE FTC: B2001 PUMPKIN [B2091] [Z0065] BT: GRAPE [B1329] UF: meat grade r UF: fox grape gourd, squash or pumpkin UF: vitis labrusca USE: SQUASH, GOURD OR GRADE U, EUROPE UF: vitis labruscana PUMPKIN [B2091] FTC: Z0067 BT: GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE GRAPE, MUSCADINE GOVERNOR'S PLUM [Z0065] FTC: B2123 FTC: B2789 UF: meat grade u BT: GRAPE [B1329] BT: PLUM [B1206] UF: grape, scuppernong UF: batoka plum GRAIN UF: muscadine grape UF: flacourtia hirtiuscula FTC: B1324 UF: scuppernong grape UF: flacourtia indica BT: GRAIN OR SEED- UF: vitis rotundifolia UF: flacourtia latifolia PRODUCING PLANT UF: flacourtia ramontchi [B1047] GRAPE, MUSCAT UF: flacourtia sepiaria FTC: B1178 UF: gmelina indica GRAIN ADDED BT: GRAPE, EUROPEAN UF: indian plum FTC: H0152 [B2121] UF: madagascar plum BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] UF: muscat grape LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 111

dehydrated, powdered or FTC: B1759 GRAPE, ONDERDONK granular mixture (adapted BT: GROUPER [B1496] FTC: B2124 from 21 CFR 133.147 (grated UF: epinephelus tauvina BT: GRAPE [B1329] american cheese food)). UF: tauvina grouper UF: onderdonk grape UF: vitis aestivalis grated coarsely great britain USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, USE: UNITED KINGDOM [GB] grape, scuppernong THICKNESS <0.3 CM. USE: GRAPE, MUSCADINE [E0100] GREAT HAMMERHEAD [B2123] FTC: B2593 gravy added BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK GRAPE, SULTANA USE: PACKED IN GRAVY OR FAMILY [B2591] FTC: B1072 SAUCE [K0034] UF: hammerhead, great BT: GRAPE, EUROPEAN UF: sphyrna mokarran [B2121] GRAVY OR SAUCE UF: sultana FTC: A0286 GREAT NORTHERN BEAN BT: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, FTC: B1027 GRAPE, THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, FTC: B1045 UF: sauce or gravy EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR BT: GRAPE, EUROPEAN SN: Nonstandardized food prod- [B1061] [B2121] uct used as a meal accom- UF: thompson seedless grape paniment and consisting of a GREATER AMBERJACK mixture of fats or oils, starch, FTC: B2391 grape, wild liquid and other optional in- BT: AMBERJACK [B2642] USE: WILD GRAPE [B2825] gredients specified by the rec- UF: amberjack, greater ipe; excludes condiment UF: seriola dumerili GRAPEFRUIT sauce (q.v.) and tomato or FTC: B1507 spaghetti sauce, which are GREATER GALANGAL BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] vegetable products. FTC: B2601 UF: citrus paradisi BT: GALANGAL [B2971] gravy, condiment, dressing or sauce UF: alpinia galanga GRAPEFRUIT AND ORANGE USE: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, UF: galangal FTC: B1028 GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] UF: galangale BT: ORANGE [B1339] UF: java root UF: orange and grapefruit gray ephedra UF: kha (spice) USE: NEVADA JOINTFIR [B2049] UF: languas GRAPEFRUIT AND ORANGE UF: laos (spice) FTC: B1028 GRAY PLUM UF: thai ginger BT: GRAPEFRUIT [B1507] FTC: B2828 UF: orange and grapefruit BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- GREECE CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: GR grapefruit and pineapple UF: parinari excelsa BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN USE: PINEAPPLE AND GRAPE- UF: parinari holstii [QR03] FRUIT [B1246] UF: parinarium GREEN ASPARAGUS grapple plant GRAY SEATROUT FTC: B1604 USE: DEVIL'S CLAW [B2050] FTC: B2375 BT: ASPARAGUS [B1415] BT: WEAKFISH [B1526] grapsidae UF: cynoscion acoupa GREEN BEAN USE: SHORE, MARSH AND FTC: B1371 TALON CRAB FAMILY GRAY SNAPPER BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, [B2220] FTC: B1168 EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] [B1060] GRASS CARP UF: lutjanus griseus UF: snap bean FTC: B2867 UF: string bean BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY GRAY SOLE UF: stringless bean [B1921] FTC: B1867 UF: ctenopharyngodon idella BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER GREEN BEAN AND PINTO BEAN FAMILY [B1856] FTC: B1753 GRASS SHRIMP UF: glyptocephalus cynoglossus BT: PINTO BEAN [B1368] FTC: B2480 UF: sole, gray UF: shellie bean BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: witch flounder [B1081] GREEN BEAN AND PINTO BEAN GRAYLING FTC: B1753 GRASSHOPPER FTC: B2711 BT: GREEN BEAN [B1371] FTC: B2496 BT: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] UF: shellie bean BT: INSECT [B1220] UF: thymallus thymallus GREEN BELL PEPPER GRATED CHEESE FOOD GREASE PROOF PAPER CON- FTC: B2629 FTC: A0291 TAINER BT: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET BT: PROCESSED CHEESE FTC: M0337 PEPPER [B2628] PRODUCT [A0282] BT: PAPER CONTAINER, UN- UF: green pepper SN: Cheese product made with TREATED [M0334] SN: Unripe fruit of red or yellow other dairy ingredients, with or UF: glassine bell pepper varieties. without emulsifiers, with or UF: vegetable parchment without the aid of heat. It is a GREEN CABBAGE uniformly blended, partially GREASY ROCKCOD FTC: B2071

112 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: CABBAGE [B1406] FTC: B1589 UF: cabbage, green BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER greyboy FAMILY [B1856] USE: TOPE SHARK [B2525] green gram bean UF: greenland halibut USE: MUNG BEAN [B1395] UF: halibut, greenland GRIDDLED UF: reinhardtius hippoglossoides FTC: G0008 GREEN JACK UF: turbot, greenland BT: COOKED BY DRY HEAT FTC: B2251 [G0004] BT: JACK [B1044] GREENLING SN: Cooked on a flat surface at UF: jack, green FTC: B1431 medium heat with only a suf- UF: jurel (green jack) BT: GREENLING FAMILY ficient amount of fat used to [B1811] prevent sticking. GREEN KIDNEY BEAN UF: hexagrammos FTC: B1658 grilled BT: KIDNEY BEAN [B1113] GREENLING FAMILY USE: BROILED OR GRILLED FTC: B1811 [G0006] GREEN OLIVE BT: FISH, SCORPAENIFORM FTC: B1169 [B2265] GROOVED TANNER CRAB BT: OLIVE [B1299] UF: hexagrammidae FTC: B2223 BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY green onion green-lipped mussel [B2222] USE: SCALLION [B1478] USE: NEW ZEALAND GREEN UF: chionoecetes tanneri MUSSEL [B1963] green or wax bean GROPER USE: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, GREENS S FTC: B1989 EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR FTC: B3112 BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY [B1060] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1184] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: polyprion morone green pea ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: polyprion oxygeneios USE: PEA [B1338] UF: E 142 UF: INS 142 GROUND CHERRY green pepper FTC: B2519 USE: GREEN BELL PEPPER GREENS S ADDED BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- [B2629] FTC: H0537 BLE [B1006] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: husk tomato GREEN STURGEON EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: physalis spp. FTC: B1972 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: STURGEON FAMILY TARIUS [H0399] groundcherry, peruvian [B1897] UF: E 142 added USE: CAPE GOOSEBERRY UF: acipenser medirostris UF: INS 142 added [B1684]

GREEN TURTLE GRENADA groundhog FTC: B2412 FTC: GD USE: WOODCHUCK [B1576] BT: TURTLE [B1242] BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS UF: chelonia mydas [QO01] groundnut USE: PEANUT [B1337] GREEN: NUTRIENT, DIET SUP- GRENADIER PLEMENT, ANTI-CAKING FTC: B2897 GROUNDSEL AGENT BT: GRENADIER FAMILY FTC: B2160 FTC: A0427 [B2899] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: macrourus spp. PLANT [B1579] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [A0351] GRENADIER FAMILY GROUPER AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B2899 FTC: B1496 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] BT: SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: macrouridae UF: caprodon schlegelii UF: epinephelus spp. PLUM grenadine islands UF: mero FTC: B1675 USE: SAINT VINCENT AND THE UF: mycteroperca spp. BT: DAMSON PLUM [B1662] GRENADINES [VC] UF: prunus insititia var. italica GROUSE GREWIA FTC: B1251 GREENLAND FTC: B2804 BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD FTC: GL BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [B1563] BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: tetra [QO] UF: grewia spp. GROWING CONDITIONS GREENLAND COD grewia spp. FTC: Z0207 FTC: B2865 USE: GREWIA [B2804] BT: PRODUCTION ENVIRON- BT: COD [B1423] MENT [Z0206] UF: gadus ogac GREY GURNARD SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- FTC: B2703 SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT greenland halibut BT: SEAROBIN FAMILY [B2235] USE descriptor in indexing. USE: GREENLAND TURBOT UF: trigla gurnardus Use more precise narrower [B1589] term. grey shark GREENLAND TURBOT USE: TOPE SHARK [B2525] GRUNT LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 113

FTC: B1813 FTC: B2063 BT: MULTICOMPONENT EX- BT: GRUNT FAMILY [B1812] BT: GRAIN OR SEED- TRACT, CONCENTRATE UF: haemulon spp. PRODUCING PLANT OR ISOLATE [C0159] [B1047] AI: A sticky, colloidal GRUNT FAMILY UF: brazilian cocoa carbohydrate found in certain FTC: B1812 UF: paullinia cupana trees and , which dries BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: uabano into an uncrystallised, brittle UF: haemulidae mass that dissolves or swells GUAREA in water (Source: Webster's) GUADELOUPE FTC: B2805 FTC: GP BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- GUM ADDED BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: H0375 [QO01] BT: STABILIZER ADDED GUATEMALA [H0368] GUAJILLO PEPPER FTC: GT SN: Used when a gum is added FTC: B2554 BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] as a stabilizer to a food at any BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] level. UF: pepper, guajillo GUAVA FTC: B1333 GUM ARABIC ADDED GUAM BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: H0380 FTC: GU CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: PLANT EXUDATE GUM BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS UF: apple guava ADDED [H0379] [QU] UF: common guava SN: Used when gum arabic is UF: guayaba added to a food at any level. guamabana UF: pisidium guajava USE: SOURSOP [B1480] UF: psidium spp. gum karaya added UF: yellow guava USE: KARAYA GUM ADDED GUANYLIC ACID [H0381] FTC: B3113 guava, strawberry BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: STRAWBERRY GUAVA gum tragacanth added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1649] USE: TRAGACANTH GUM ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ADDED [H0382] UF: E 626 guayaba UF: INS 626 USE: GUAVA [B1333] gumbo USE: SOUP, THICK [A0180] GUANYLIC ACID ADDED GUDGEON FTC: H0538 FTC: B2705 gummy shark BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY USE: SMOOTH DOGFISH [B2312] EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1921] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: gobio gobio gum-producing plant TARIUS [H0399] USE: HEMICELLULOSE- UF: E 626 added GUINEA PRODUCING PLANT UF: INS 626 added FTC: GN [B1014] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] GUAR GUMVINE FTC: B1334 guinea corn FTC: B2792 BT: HEMICELLULOSE- USE: DURRA, BROWN [B2622] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- PRODUCING PLANT CAL FRUIT [B1024] [B1014] GUINEA FOWL UF: landolphia senegalensis UF: cluster bean FTC: B1125 UF: saba UF: cyamopsis tetragonoloba BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD UF: saba senegalensis UF: cyamposis psoralioides [B1563] UF: numida meleagris GUYANA GUAR GUM FTC: GY FTC: B3114 guinea gumvine BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: LANDOLPHIA [B2807] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX gymnachirus melas ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] GUINEA-BISSAU USE: NAKED SOLE [B2288] UF: E 412 FTC: GW UF: INS 412 BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] gyromitra esculenta USE: BEEFSTEAK MOREL GUAR GUM ADDED guizotia abyssinica [B2446] FTC: H0378 USE: NIGER (PLANT) [B2066] BT: SEED GUM ADDED [H0376] gyromitra gigas SN: Used when guar gum is GULF CONEY USE: SNOW MUSHROOM [B2025] added to a food at any level. FTC: B2589 BT: GROUPER [B1496] H. TREATMENT APPLIED GUAR GUM ADDED UF: coney, gulf FTC: H0111 FTC: H0539 SN: Used to specifically character- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, GULF MENHADEN ize a food product based on EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B1848 the treatment or processes NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: MENHADEN [B1396] applied to the product or any TARIUS [H0399] UF: brevoortia patronus indexed ingredient. The proc- UF: E 412 added UF: menhaden, gulf esses include adding, substi- UF: INS 412 added tuting or removing compo- GUM nents or modifying the food or GUARANA FTC: C0298 component, e.g., through

114 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

fermentation. Multiple values ingredients to the hard-crack can be assigned. halibut, atlantic stage (300 degrees F.). USE: ATLANTIC HALIBUT [B1877] PEPPER HARD CHEESE (CODEX) FTC: B2555 halibut, california FTC: A0311 BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] USE: CALIFORNIA HALIBUT BT: CHEESE HARDNESS UF: pepper, habanero [B1882] CLASS (CODEX) [A0315]

HACCP GUIDE halibut, greenland HARD CHEESE (U.S.) FTC: HA00 USE: GREENLAND TURBOT FTC: A0186 BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- [B1589] BT: CHEESE HARDNESS ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] CLASS (U.S.) [A0316] halibut, pacific SN: Cured cheese ripened by HADDOCK USE: PACIFIC HALIBUT [B1876] bacteria. Moisture max. 42%; FTC: B1441 includes full fat, part-skim and BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] haliotis iris skim hard cheese with or UF: gadus aeglifinus USE: BLACKFOOT ABALONE without eyes. Note: the CFR UF: melanogrammus aeglefinus [B2681] term 'hard cheeses' refers to hard cheese, full fat only. haemulidae haliotis spp. USE: GRUNT FAMILY [B1812] USE: ABALONE [B1408] FTC: B2193 haemulon spp. halved BT: CLAM [B1331] USE: GRUNT [B1813] USE: DIVIDED INTO HALVES UF: ameghinomya antigua [E0116] UF: meretricinae spp. HAIRY CRAB UF: venus mortoni FTC: B2227 ham BT: SPONGE CRAB FAMILY USE: SWINE [B1136] HARD GRATING CHEESE (U.S.) [B2226] FTC: A0290 UF: velvet crab HAMMERHEAD SHARK BT: CHEESE HARDNESS FTC: B2598 CLASS (U.S.) [A0316] HAIRY LANDOLPHIA BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK SN: Cured cheese with a moisture FTC: B2808 FAMILY [B2591] maximum of 34%; milkfat sol- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: shark, hammerhead ids minimum 32%. CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: sphyrna spp. UF: landolphia poilu hard liquor UF: landolphia hirsuta HAMMERHEAD SHARK FAMILY USE: DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] FTC: B2591 hairy lychee BT: FISH, LAMNIFORM [B2553] HARD WHEAT USE: RAMBUTAN [B1629] UF: sphyrnidae FTC: B1418 BT: WHEAT [B1312] hairy melon hammerhead, great USE: FUZZY MELON [B2518] USE: GREAT HAMMERHEAD HARD-FLESHED CHERRY [B2593] FTC: B2957 HAITI BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] FTC: HT hammerhead, scalloped BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS USE: SCALLOPED HAMMER- HARE [QO01] HEAD [B2592] FTC: B2695 BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) HAKE hammerhead, smooth [B1134] FTC: B1291 USE: SMOOTH HAMMERHEAD UF: lepus spp. BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] [B2595] UF: merluce harengula pensacolae UF: merluza HAMPE USE: SCALED SARDINE [B2173] UF: urophycis spp. FTC: Z0126 BT: CAPARACON [Z0123] harpagophytum procumbens hake, white USE: DEVIL'S CLAW [B2050] USE: WHITE HAKE [B1840] HANASAKI CRAB FTC: B1093 HARVESTFISH HALFBEAK FAMILY BT: STONE AND KING CRAB FTC: B2286 FTC: B2912 FAMILY [B2209] BT: BUTTERFISH FAMILY BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM UF: paralithodes brevipes [B1827] [B1573] UF: peprilus alepidotus UF: hemiramphidae HANOVER GREENS SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog FTC: B1171 hash or stew of the Genera of recent BT: KALE [B1281] USE: STEW OR HASH [A0212] Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.464. Scien- hapalochlaena maculosa HAW tific name verifiable, common USE: SPOTTED OCTOPUS FTC: B1708 name unverified. [B1054] BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT [B1599] HALIBUT HARD CANDY FTC: B1532 FTC: A0216 HAWAII BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER BT: CANDY [A0204] FTC: US15 FAMILY [B1856] SN: Candy prepared by boiling a BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] UF: hippoglossus spp. mixture of water, sugars, but- UF: reinhardtius spp. ter or margarine and optional HAWKFISH FAMILY LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 115

FTC: B1934 SN: CFSAN thesaurus--parasites HEAT-TREATED, MULTIPLE COM- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] in disposed to them. PONENTS, DIFFERENT UF: cirrhitidae DEGREES OF TREATMENT HAZARD 9 FTC: F0023 HAZARD 1 FTC: HA09 BT: F. EXTENT OF HEAT FTC: HA01 BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] TREATMENT [F0011] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- UF: multiple heat treatments SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- contamination of raw material SN: Used for foods containing contamination of raw material seafood at receipt with ex- several different components, at receipt with pesticides, in- cessive levels or unapproved each of which may have had dustrial chemicals, and toxic animal drugs. a different *EXTENT OF elements, other than methyl HEAT TREATMENT*. An ex- mercury. hazelnut ample would be a cheese- USE: EUROPEAN FILBERT burger with a fully cooked bun HAZARD 10 [B1533] and meat but a partially FTC: HA10 cooked slice of cheese and BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] HEAD (PLANT) possibly raw tomato and let- SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- FTC: C0151 tuce. contamination of raw mollus- BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, can shellfish upon receipt with EXCLUDING FRUIT AND HEAVY CREAM pathogenic microorganisms SEED [C0144] FTC: C0161 derived from the harvest area. BT: CREAM [C0195] head meat UF: cream for whipping HAZARD 2 USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] UF: heavy whipping cream FTC: HA02 SN: Cream containing not less BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] HEAD VEGETABLE than 36% milkfat; a product SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- FTC: B1194 labeled *HEAVY CREAM* contamination of raw materi- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING may contain optional ingredi- als at receipt with mercury. PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND ents specified by 21 CFR PARTS USED [B1057] 131.150. HAZARD 3 FTC: HA03 HEALTH-RELATED CLAIM OR USE heavy whipping cream BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: P0124 USE: HEAVY CREAM [C0161] SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- contamination of raw materi- TARY USE [P0023] HEAVY WINE, 14-24% ALCOHOL als at receipt with natural tox- FTC: A0224 ins derived from the harvest HEARD AND MCDONALD ISLANDS BT: WINE, 7-24% ALCOHOL area. FTC: HM [A0205] BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS UF: aperitif wine (U.S.) HAZARD 4 [QS] UF: dessert wine (U.S.) FTC: HA04 UF: mcdonald islands SN: Wine containing 14-24% BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] alcohol. SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- HEART (ANIMAL) contamination of raw materi- FTC: C0201 helianthus annuus als at receipt with filth and ex- BT: ORGAN MEAT, CARDIO- USE: SUNFLOWER [B1547] traneous material and nox- VASCULAR SYSTEM ious substances not derived [C0129] helianthus tuberosus from the harvest area. USE: JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE HEART (PLANT) [B1038] HAZARD 5 FTC: C0162 FTC: HA05 BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, helicolenus papillosus BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] EXCLUDING FRUIT AND USE: ROCKFISH [B2893] SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- SEED [C0144] decomposition and contami- SN: The tender leaves and adja- heliocidaris spp. nation at time of receipt of cent tissue at the center of a USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] raw materials seafood. plant. HELIUM HAZARD 6 heat and serve FTC: B3115 FTC: HA06 USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] TREATED [F0018] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SN: CFSAN thesaurus--histamine ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] contamination at time of re- heat and serve dinner UF: E 939 ceipt of raw materials sea- USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL UF: INS 939 food. [A0139] HELIUM ADDED HAZARD 7 HEAT DRIED FTC: H0540 FTC: HA07 FTC: J0117 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] BT: DEHYDRATED OR DRIED EUROPEAN COMMU- SN: CFSAN thesaurus-- [J0116] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- contamination of raw material SN: Dried by heat. TARIUS [H0399] seafood at receipt with ex- UF: E 939 added cessive levels or unapproved HEAT-TREATED UF: INS 939 added food additives. FTC: F0022 BT: F. EXTENT OF HEAT helvellaceae HAZARD 8 TREATMENT [F0011] USE: MOREL [B2032] FTC: HA08 BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] HEMICELLULOSE ADDED

116 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: H0125 FTC: B3116 BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SYRUP BT: POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SOLIDS [C0271] [H0120] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: mucilage added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] high, label claim UF: E 239 USE: "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM HEMICELLULOSE-PRODUCING UF: INS 239 [P0130] PLANT FTC: B1014 HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY BT: POLYSACCHARIDE- ADDED FTC: B2026 PRODUCING PLANT FTC: H0541 BT: BLUEBERRY [B1491] [B1009] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: swamp blueberry UF: gum-producing plant EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: vaccinium corymbosum NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: whortleberry (vaccinium cory- hemiramphidae TARIUS [H0399] bosum) USE: HALFBEAK FAMILY [B2912] UF: E 239 added UF: INS 239 added HIGHLANDS CLIMATIC ZONE HEN FTC: CLZ19 FTC: B1713 hiatula diphos BT: HIGH ELEVATIONS CLI- BT: CHICKEN [B1457] USE: PURPLE CLAM [B1030] MATIC ZONE [CLZ18] UF: stewing chicken SN: A mature female chicken HIBISCUS HIJIKI (usually more than 10 months FTC: B2082 FTC: B2641 of age) with meat less tender BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: KELP [B1744] than that of a roaster, and PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND UF: hijikia fusiformis with a nonflexible breastbone PARTS USED [B1057] SN: Thin, black, stick-like tip. UF: hibiscus spp. branches of kelp having a strong, rich, almost meaty fla- HEN CLAM hibiscus sabdariffa vor and a crisp texture. This FTC: B2590 USE: ROSELLE [B1691] product is eaten in China, Ja- BT: CLAM [B1331] pan and Korea as a fresh UF: clam, hen hibiscus spp. vegetable and often is com- UF: mactra sachalinensis USE: HIBISCUS [B2082] bined with rice. herb added HICKORY hijikia fusiformis USE: SPICE OR HERB ADDED FTC: B1553 USE: HIJIKI [B2641] [H0151] BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT [B1062] hind quarter herb or spice UF: carya spp. USE: QUARTIER ARRIERE USE: SPICE OR HERB [A0113] [Z0135] HIGH CALORIE FOOD herb-producing plant FTC: P0060 hip (fruit) USE: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: CALORIE SPECIAL CLAIM USE: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] PRODUCING PLANT OR USE [P0045] [B1179] hippocampus spp. HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE USE: SEAHORSE [B2572] HERRING CONTAINER FTC: B1414 FTC: M0368 hippoglossoides elassodon BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] BT: POLYETHYLENE CON- USE: FLATHEAD SOLE [B1871] TAINER [M0367] HERRING FAMILY hippoglossoides platessoides FTC: B1124 high dietary fiber food USE: AMERICAN PLAICE [B1862] BT: FISH, CLUPEIFORM [B1601] USE: HIGH FIBER FOOD [P0048] UF: clupeidae hippoglossoides spp. HIGH ELEVATIONS CLIMATIC USE: PLAICE [B2570] herring, atlantic ZONE USE: ATLANTIC HERRING FTC: CLZ18 hippoglossus hippoglossus [B1586] BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] USE: ATLANTIC HALIBUT [B1877] herring, blueback HIGH FIBER FOOD hippoglossus spp. USE: BLUEBACK HERRING FTC: P0048 USE: HALIBUT [B1532] [B1852] BT: FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0049] hippoglossus stenolepsis herring, round UF: high dietary fiber food USE: PACIFIC HALIBUT [B1876] USE: ROUND HERRING [B1850] SN: Food that is promoted as a source of or as high in dietary hippophae rhamnoides herzegovina fiber (often called simply 'fi- USE: SEA BUCKTHORN [B2748] USE: BOSNIA AND HERZEGO- ber'). VINA [BA] HIPPOPOTAMUS HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP FTC: B2130 hexagrammidae ADDED BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) USE: GREENLING FAMILY FTC: H0281 [B1134] [B1811] BT: CORN SYRUP ADDED UF: hippopotamus amphibius [H0224] hexagrammos hippopotamus amphibius USE: GREENLING [B1431] HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP USE: HIPPOPOTAMUS [B2130] FTC: C0272 HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE hippotragus spp. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 117

USE: ANTELOPE [B1481] FTC: H0306 FTC: B2230 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: CRAB [B1335] hirundichthys spp. MODIFIED [H0130] UF: atelecyclidae USE: FLYINGFISH [B1144] UF: emulsified SN: Used for products in which HORSE FEED hissing tree two or more phases are FTC: P0025 USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] mixed very finely but not at BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] the molecular level. A very HOG PLUM fine dispersion of a solid in a HORSE GRAM BEAN FTC: B1307 liquid is called a suspension. FTC: B2463 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- A very fine dispersion of one BT: DOLICHOS [B2330] CAL FRUIT [B1024] liquid in another immiscible UF: ashanti plum liquid is called an emulsion. HORSE-EYE JACK UF: jobo FTC: B2178 UF: spondias lutea HONDURAS BT: JACK [B1044] UF: spondias mombin FTC: HN UF: caranx latus UF: yellow mombin BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] UF: jack, horse-eye UF: jurel (horse-eye jack) hog plum (prunus) HONEY USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] FTC: C0188 HORSERADISH BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SYRUP FTC: B1146 HOGCHOKER SOLIDS [C0271] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: B2289 SN: A sweet viscous material PRODUCING PLANT BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] produced by bees from nectar [B1179] UF: trinectes maculatus or aphid secretions. Contains UF: armoracia lapathifolia primarily fructose and dex- HOGFISH trose. HORSERADISH TREE FTC: B2482 FTC: B1748 BT: WRASSE FAMILY [B2277] HONEY ADDED BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- UF: capitan FTC: H0149 BLE [B1006] UF: lachnolaimus maximus BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR UF: drumstick tree SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED UF: moringa oleifera HOKI [H0280] UF: moringa pterygosperma FTC: B1838 BT: WHITING [B1640] HONEY MUSHROOM HORSERADISH TREE UF: macruronus novaezelandiae FTC: B2735 FTC: B1748 BT: BRACELET MUSHROOM BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT holland [B2758] [B1017] USE: NETHERLANDS [NL] UF: armillaria mellea UF: drumstick tree UF: moringa oleifera HOLLY honeyberry UF: moringa pterygosperma FTC: B1697 USE: SPANISH LIME [B1468] BT: BERRY [B1231] hot cherry pepper UF: ilex spp. HONEYDEW MELON USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] FTC: B1582 holocentrus spp. BT: MELON [B1283] HOT FILLED AND COOLED USE: SQUIRRELFISH [B2656] FTC: J0114 HONG KONG BT: STERILIZED BEFORE FILL- holy see FTC: HK ING [J0102] USE: VATICAN CITY [VA] BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] SN: Used when a sterile product is filled into a container at ap- homarus americanus hoplopagrus guentheri proximately 212 degrees F USE: AMERICAN LOBSTER USE: STRIPED PARGO [B2565] and cooled promptly after [B1949] sealing. hoplostethus homarus gammarus USE: ROUGHY [B2327] HOT FILLED, HELD HOT AND USE: EUROPEAN LOBSTER COOLED [B1950] HOPS FTC: J0129 FTC: B1517 BT: STERILIZED BEFORE FILL- homarus spp. BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- ING [J0102] USE: LOBSTER [B1505] PRODUCING PLANT SN: Used when a sterile product [B1179] is filled into a container at ap- homarus vulgaris UF: humulus proximately 212 degrees F., USE: EUROPEAN LOBSTER sealed, and held hot tempo- [B1950] hordeum vulgare rarily to complete processing USE: BARLEY [B1230] before cooling. HOME PREPARED FTC: Z0109 HORSE HOT PEPPER BT: PREPARATION ESTAB- FTC: B1229 FTC: B1643 LISHMENT [Z0108] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) BT: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- UF: homemade [B1134] ETY [B2633] UF: prepared in home UF: equus caballus UF: capsicum annuum, longum group homemade horse bean UF: capsicum chile pepper USE: HOME PREPARED [Z0109] USE: BROAD BEAN [B1367] UF: cayenne pepper UF: chile pepper HOMOGENIZED OR EMULSIFIED HORSE CRAB FAMILY UF: chili pepper

118 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: long pepper FTC: B2284 USE: ASIATIC PENNYWORT UF: red pepper (chile pepper) BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO [B2442] [B1565] hotel rack UF: arctic whitefish HYDROGENATED USE: RIB (MEAT CUT) [Z0023] UF: coregonus pidschian FTC: H0174 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY HUBBARD SQUASH humulus MODIFIED [H0130] FTC: B2511 USE: HOPS [B1517] SN: The saturating or hardening of BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] a vegetable oil to which hy- UF: cucurbita maxima var. hub- hungarian cherry pepper drogen has been chemically bard USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] added to convert it to a fat. hucho hucho HUNGARY hydrolagus novaezelandiae USE: DANUBE SALMON [B1612] FTC: HU USE: RATFISH [B2878] BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] HUCKLEBERRY hydrolagus spp. FTC: B1064 HUNGRY RICE USE: RATFISH [B2878] BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM FTC: B2043 [B1614] BT: MILLET [B2505] HYDROLYZED UF: digitaria exilis FTC: H0277 HUMAN AS MILK SOURCE BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY FTC: B1087 HUSK MODIFIED [H0130] BT: LIQUID AS FOOD SOURCE FTC: C0181 [B2974] BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, hydrolyzed cereal solids added EXCLUDING FRUIT AND USE: MALTODEXTRIN ADDED HUMAN FOOD SEED [C0144] [H0315] FTC: P0026 SN: A leafy or fibrous envelope of BT: CONSUMER GROUP a fruit or seed. Compare HYDROPONICS [P0136] *SHELL (SEED)*. FTC: Z0214 SN: Food produced and marketed BT: UNDER for human use. husk tomato GLASS/PROTECTED USE: GROUND CHERRY [B2519] [Z0211] HUMAN FOOD, NO AGE SPECIFI- AI: The science of CATION HUSK WRAPPER growing or the production of FTC: P0024 FTC: M0206 plants in nutrient-rich solu- BT: HUMAN FOOD [P0026] BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- tions or moist inert material, SN: Food produced and marketed PING, OTHER [M0004] instead of in soil (Source: for human use without any Webster's) restriction by age. HUSK, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FTC: N0049 hydrosme rivieri HUMECTANT BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE USE: DEVILS TONGUE [B2344] FTC: A0341 FROM NATURAL MATERIAL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- [N0050] HYDROXY PROPYL DISTARCH CATION, EUROPEAN PHOSPHATE COMMUNITY [A0324] huso huso FTC: B3118 AI: Substance that prevents USE: BELUGA [B2528] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- foodstuffs from drying out by PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX counteracting the effect of an HYACINTH BEAN ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] atmosphere having a low de- FTC: B1725 UF: E 1442 gree of humidity, or promote BT: DOLICHOS [B2330] UF: INS 1442 the dissolution of a powder in UF: dolichos lablab an aqueous medium. Euro- UF: lablab HYDROXY PROPYL DISTARCH pean Council Directive UF: lubia bean PHOSPHATE ADDED 95/2/EC. FTC: H0543 HYDROCHLORIC ACID BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, HUMECTANT FTC: B3117 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: A0425 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TARIUS [H0399] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 1442 added [A0351] UF: E 507 UF: INS 1442 added AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: INS 507 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome HYDROXY PROPYL STARCH 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 HYDROCHLORIC ACID ADDED FTC: B3119 FTC: H0542 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATIC BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ZONE EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: CLZ10 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 1440 BT: MILD CLIMATIC ZONE TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 1440 [CLZ07] UF: E 507 added UF: INS 507 added HYDROXY PROPYL STARCH HUMPBACK SNAPPER ADDED FTC: B1806 hydrocotyle FTC: H0544 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] USE: ASIATIC PENNYWORT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: lutjanus gibbus [B2442] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: snapper, humpback NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- hydrocotyle asiatica TARIUS [H0399] HUMPBACK WHITEFISH UF: E 1440 added LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 119

UF: INS 1440 added USE: POND SMELT [B2870] ICELAND HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE hypophthalmichthys molitrix FTC: IS FTC: B3120 USE: SILVER CARP [B2254] BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [QO] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX hyporhamphus ihi ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: NEW ZEALAND GARFISH ICELAND UF: E 463 [B2911] FTC: IS UF: INS 463 BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] HYSSOP HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE FTC: B2950 iceland lichen ADDED BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: ICELAND MOSS [B2346] FTC: H0545 PRODUCING PLANT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1179] ICELAND MOSS EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B2346 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- icaco BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR TARIUS [H0399] USE: COCO PLUM [B2763] FUNGUS USED AS FOOD UF: E 463 added SOURCE [B1215] UF: INS 463 added ICE CAP CLIMATIC ZONE UF: cetraria islandica FTC: CLZ17 UF: iceland lichen HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CEL- BT: POLAR CLIMATIC ZONE LULOSE [CLZ15] ICELAND SCALLOP FTC: B3121 FTC: B1947 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ICE CREAM BT: SCALLOP [B1489] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: A0227 UF: chlamys islandica ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: ICE CREAM OR FROZEN UF: E 464 CUSTARD [A0137] ICHTHYOALLYEINOTOXIC POI- UF: INS 464 SN: Ice cream, in comparison with SONING frozen custard, contains less FTC: IAFP HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CEL- than 1.4% egg yolk solids by BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] LULOSE ADDED weight of the finished product FTC: H0546 (21 CFR 135.110(a)). ICHTHYOCRINOTOXIC POISONING BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: ICFP EUROPEAN COMMU- ICE CREAM OR FROZEN CUSTARD BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: A0137 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT ICHTHYOHEPATOTOXIC POISON- UF: E 464 added [A0114] ING UF: INS 464 added UF: frozen custard or ice cream FTC: IHFP SN: A frozen dairy dessert pre- BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] hylocereus triangularis pared by freezing while stir- USE: PITAYA [B2781] ring a mixture of pasteurized ICHTHYOOTOXIC POISONING dairy ingredients and other FTC: IOFP hylocereus undatus optional ingredients specified BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] USE: PITAYA [B2781] in 21 CFR 135.110 (a). These exclude fats and nonnutritive ICING OR FROSTING hyperoglyphe antarctica sweeteners not derived from FTC: A0269 USE: ANTARCTIC CUTLERFISH milk; the finished product has BT: CONFECTIONERY [A0188] [B2671] at least 10% milk fat and 10% UF: frosting nonfat milk solids. SN: Mixture of fat, sweetener and hyphaene dahomeensis optional ingredients such as USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] ICE CREAM PRODUCT ANALOG fruit juice, milk, flavorings, etc. FTC: A0159 used as a topping, coating or hyphaene guineensis BT: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT filling for bakery products. USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] [A0114] UF: imitation ice cream ictaluridae hyphaene thebaica SN: Food product having func- USE: BULLHEAD CATFISH FAM- USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] tional characteristics similar to ILY [B1040] an ice cream product; it may hyphaene togoensis be nutritionally equivalent or ictalurus catus USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] inferior to the product it pur- USE: WHITE CATFISH [B2183] ports to resemble. HYPHOMICROBIALES AS FOOD ictalurus furcatus SOURCE ice cream, french USE: BLUE CATFISH [B1900] FTC: B2856 USE: FROZEN CUSTARD [A0165] BT: BACTERIA [B2846] ictalurus natalis SN: Index bergeyana, 1966, ICE MILK USE: YELLOW BULLHEAD p.612. FTC: A0233 [B2607] BT: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT HYPOCOTYL [A0114] ictalurus punctatus FTC: C0299 SN: Frozen dairy dessert similar USE: CHANNEL CATFISH [B1899] BT: COTYLEDON [C0292] to ice cream; it has between AI: The part of the 2% and 7% milkfat and at ictalurus spp. axis, or stem, below the coty- least 11% total milk solids. USE: BULLHEAD CATFISH ledons in the embryo of a [B2007] plant (Source: Webster's) ICEBERG LETTUCE FTC: B2083 ictiobus spp. hypomesus olidus BT: LETTUCE [B1390] USE: BUFFALOFISH [B1085]

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USE: POULTRY PRODUCT ANA- indian millet (pennisetum) IDAHO LOG [A0157] USE: MILLET [B2140] FTC: US16 BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] imitation seafood product indian millet (sorghum) USE: SEAFOOD PRODUCT ANA- USE: DURRA, BROWN [B2622] IDE LOG [A0156] FTC: B2713 indian mustard BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY IMPREGNATED/MICRO WAXED USE: BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] [B1921] PAPER UF: golden orfes FTC: M0346 INDIAN OCEAN UF: leuciscus idus BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] FTC: INOC BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] IGUANA INCA SCAD FTC: B2701 FTC: B2901 INDIAN OCEAN EAST FISHING BT: LIZARD [B2293] BT: JACK MACKEREL [B1090] AREA UF: iguana iguana UF: trachurus murphyi FTC: AA57 BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] iguana iguana INCENSE TREE USE: IGUANA [B2701] FTC: B2840 INDIAN OCEAN FLOUNDER BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B1873 ilex paraguariensis CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: PSETTODID FAMILY USE: MATE [B2059] UF: canarium schweinfurthii [B2666] UF: papo canary tree UF: flounder, indian ocean ilex spp. USE: HOLLY [B1697] INCONNU INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FTC: B2302 FTC: QS illicium verum BT: TROUT [B1258] BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES USE: STAR ANISE [B1464] UF: shee fish AND REGIONS [QX] UF: stenodus leucichthys ILLINOIS UF: stenodus makenii INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH FISHING FTC: US17 AREA BT: MIDWESTERN STATES INDIA FTC: AA58 [US61] FTC: IN BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] BT: ASIA, SOUTHERN [QN04] ILLIPE INDIAN OCEAN WEST FISHING FTC: B2110 indian cherry AREA BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] FTC: AA51 [B1017] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] UF: bassia latifolia INDIAN CRESS UF: east indian illipe FTC: B2968 indian pennywort UF: madhuca latifolia BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: ASIATIC PENNYWORT UF: tanga kwang [B2442] INDIAN FIG imitation butter FTC: B2019 indian plum USE: BUTTER PRODUCT ANA- BT: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM LOG [A0294] UF: opuntia ficus-indica [B2789] UF: opuntia occidentalis imitation cheese UF: spineless cactus indian plum (ziziphus) USE: CHEESE PRODUCT ANA- USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] LOG [A0128] indian gram bean USE: GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] INDIAN THREADFIN imitation cream FTC: B2188 USE: CREAM PRODUCT ANA- INDIAN JUJUBE BT: THREADFIN FAMILY LOG [A0123] FTC: B2794 [B2253] BT: JUJUBE [B1311] UF: threadfin, indian imitation egg product UF: ber USE: EGG PRODUCT ANALOG UF: cottony jujuba indian wood apple [A0254] UF: indian cherry USE: WOOD APPLE [B2845] UF: indian plum (ziziphus) IMITATION GREASE PROOF PA- UF: ziziphus abyssinicus INDIANA PER CONTAINER UF: ziziphus mauritiana FTC: US18 FTC: M0338 UF: ziziphus orthacantha BT: MIDWESTERN STATES BT: PAPER CONTAINER, UN- [US61] TREATED [M0334] INDIAN LONG PEPPER FTC: B2956 INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE imitation ice cream BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: B3122 USE: ICE CREAM PRODUCT PRODUCING PLANT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ANALOG [A0159] [B1179] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] imitation meat INDIAN MACKEREL UF: E 132 USE: MEAT PRODUCT ANALOG FTC: B2934 UF: INS 132 [A0132] BT: MACKEREL [B1043] UF: rastrelliger kanagurta INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE imitation milk ADDED USE: MILK ANALOG [A0182] indian mango FTC: H0547 USE: MANGO [B1270] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, imitation poultry product EUROPEAN COMMU- LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 121

NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] INGREDIENT PRESERVED BY INS 102 added UF: E 132 added HEAT TREATMENT USE: TARTRAZINE ADDED UF: INS 132 added FTC: J0151 [H0727] BT: PRESERVED BY HEAT INDONESIA TREATMENT [J0120] INS 104 FTC: ID SN: Used when an ingredient or a USE: QUINOLINE YELLOW BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] component of a food has [B3231] been preserved by pasteuri- INEDIBLE SAUSAGE CASING zation, ultrapasteurization or INS 104 added FTC: Z0093 has been sterilized. USE: QUINOLINE YELLOW BT: TYPE OF SAUSAGE CAS- ADDED [H0656] ING [Z0092] INGREDIENT PRESERVED BY IR- SN: If the sausage casing is in- RADIATION INS 110 edible, then index the casing FTC: J0152 USE: SUNSET YELLOW FCF, material under *N. FOOD BT: PRESERVED BY IRRADIA- ORANGE YELLOW S CONTACT SURFACE*. TION [J0138] [B3297] SN: Used when an ingredient or a INFANT OR TODDLER FOOD component of a food has INS 110 added FTC: P0020 been preserved by irradiation. USE: SUNSET YELLOW FCF, BT: HUMAN FOOD [P0026] ORANGE YELLOW S UF: junior food INK, AQUATIC ANIMAL ADDED [H0722] UF: toddler food FTC: C0246 SN: Food produced and marketed BT: ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE INS 1105 to supply the particular dietary SYSTEM [C0106] USE: LYSOZYME [B3135] needs of normal infants (21 CFR 105.65) or normal tod- INKY CAP MUSHROOM INS 1105 added dlers (age 1 to 2 years). Jun- FTC: B2022 USE: LYSOZYME ADDED [H0560] ior foods are included with the BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] strained foods for infants up UF: coprinus atramentarius INS 120 to one year. Foods fall in this USE: COCHINEAL, CARMINIC category only if the label INNER BAG ACID, CARMINES [B3068] bears a statement such as FTC: M0420 'baby food', 'strained food', BT: BAG, SACK OR POUCH INS 120 added 'junior food' or 'toddler food'. [M0197] USE: COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, CARMINES ADDED INGREDIENT ADDED INOSINIC ACID [H0493] FTC: H0225 FTC: B3123 BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- INS 1200 [H0111] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: POLYDEXTROSE [B3188] SN: A food product is character- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ized by its main ingredient UF: E 630 INS 1200 added (food source and part); the UF: INS 630 USE: POLYDEXTROSE ADDED addition of secondary ingredi- [H0613] ents is considered a treat- INOSINIC ACID ADDED ment applied to the product. FTC: H0548 INS 1201 Secondary ingredients are in- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE dexed according to rules that EUROPEAN COMMU- [B3198] are based on the order of NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- predominance by weight (not TARIUS [H0399] INS 1201 added counting water) as seen from UF: E 630 added USE: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE the label statement, formula- UF: INS 630 added ADDED [H0623] tion or recipe and/or from the amount of the ingredient as INS 100 INS 1202 percentage of total product USE: CURCUMIN [B3071] USE: POLYVINYLPOLYPYR- weight. The general rule is: ROLIDONE [B3197] an ingredient is always in- INS 100 added dexed if it is the second in- USE: CURCUMIN ADDED [H0496] INS 1202 added gredient in order of predomi- USE: POLYVINYLPOLYPYR- nance, if it is used as a filling, INS 101 ROLIDONE ADDED [H0622] or if it is part of the product USE: RIBOFLAVIN [B3233] name(e.g., raisin bread). INS 122 Specific rules are given in the INS 101 USE: AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE scope note for the individual USE: RIBOFLAVIN-5'- [B3009] ingredient added; these rules PHOSPHATE [B3234] specify more exhaustive in- INS 122 added dexing. For example, INS 101 added USE: AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE *MUSHROOM ADDED* is in- USE: RIBOFLAVIN ADDED ADDED [H0434] dexed regardless of ingredi- [H0658] ent position. another specific INS 123 rule is given in the scope note INS 101 added USE: AMARANTH [B2993] for *SALTED*: Use if the USE: RIBOFLAVIN-5'- level of salt is more than 4%. PHOSPHATE ADDED INS 123 added Such a rule is used only when [H0659] USE: AMARANTH ADDED [H0418] the percentage level can be inferred from the list of ingre- INS 102 INS 124 dients. USE: TARTRAZINE [B3302]

122 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF INS 1442 RED A [B3199] CHLOROPHYLLS [B3070] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL DIS- TARCH PHOSPHATE INS 124 added INS 141 added [B3118] USE: PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF RED A ADDED [H0624] CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED INS 1442 added [H0494] USE: HYDROXY PROPYL DIS- INS 127 TARCH PHOSPHATE USE: ERYTHROSINE [B3094] INS 141 added ADDED [H0543] USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF INS 127 added CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED INS 1450 USE: ERYTHROSINE ADDED [H0495] USE: STARCH SODIUM OC- [H0519] TENYL SUCCINATE [B3288] INS 1410 INS 128 USE: MONOSTARCH PHOS- INS 1450 added USE: RED 2G [B3232] PHATE [B3168] USE: STARCH SODIUM OC- TENYL SUCCINATE ADDED INS 128 added INS 1410 added [H0713] USE: RED 2G ADDED [H0657] USE: MONOSTARCH PHOS- PHATE ADDED [H0593] INS 1505 INS 129 USE: TRIETHYL CITRATE [B3314] USE: ALLURA RED AC [B2985] INS 1412 USE: DISTARCH PHOSPHATE INS 1505 added INS 129 added [B3091] USE: TRIETHYL CITRATE ADDED USE: ALLURA RED AC ADDED [H0739] [H0410] INS 1412 added USE: DISTARCH PHOSPHATE INS 150a INS 131 ADDED [H0516] USE: PLAIN CARAMEL [B3187] USE: PATENT BLUE V [B3181] INS 1413 INS 150a added INS 131 added USE: PHOSPHATED DISTARCH USE: PLAIN CARAMEL ADDED USE: PATENT BLUE V ADDED PHOSPHATE [B3185] [H0612] [H0606] INS 1413 added INS 150b INS 132 USE: PHOSPHATED DISTARCH USE: CAUSTIC SULPHITE USE: INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CAR- PHOSPHATE ADDED CARAMEL [B3063] MINE [B3122] [H0610] INS 150b added INS 132 added INS 1414 USE: CAUSTIC SULPHITE USE: INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CAR- USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH CARAMEL ADDED [H0488] MINE ADDED [H0547] PHOSPHATE [B2980] INS 150c INS 133 INS 1414 added USE: AMMONIA CARAMEL USE: BRILLIANT BLUE FCF USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH [B2995] [B3019] PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0405] INS 150c added INS 133 added USE: AMMONIA CARAMEL USE: BRILLIANT BLUE FCF INS 142 ADDED [H0420] ADDED [H0444] USE: GREENS S [B3112] INS 150d INS 140 INS 142 added USE: SULPHITE AMMONIA USE: CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3064] USE: GREENS S ADDED [H0537] CARAMEL [B3294]

INS 140 INS 1420 INS 150d added USE: CHLOROPHYLLS [B3065] USE: ACETYLATED STARCH USE: SULPHITE AMMONIA [B2981] CARAMEL ADDED [H0719] INS 140 added USE: CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED INS 1420 added INS 151 [H0489] USE: ACETYLATED STARCH USE: BRILLIANT BLACK BN, ADDED [H0406] BLACK PN [B3018] INS 140 added USE: CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED INS 1422 INS 151 added [H0490] USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH USE: BRILLIANT BLACK BN, ADIPATE [B2979] BLACK PN ADDED [H0443] INS 1404 USE: OXIDIZED STARCH [B3178] INS 1422 added INS 1518 USE: ACETYLATED DISTARCH USE: GLYCERYL TRIACETATE INS 1404 added ADIPATE ADDED [H0404] [B3109] USE: OXIDIZED STARCH ADDED [H0603] INS 1440 INS 1518 added USE: HYDROXY PROPYL USE: GLYCERYL TRIACETATE INS 141 STARCH [B3119] ADDED [H0534] USE: COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3069] INS 1440 added INS 153 USE: HYDROXY PROPYL USE: VEGETABLE CARBON INS 141 STARCH ADDED [H0544] [B3320]

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 123

INS 153 added USE: LUTEIN ADDED [H0558] INS 180 added USE: VEGETABLE CARBON USE: LITHOLRUBINE BK ADDED ADDED [H0745] INS 161g [H0556] USE: CANTHAXANTHIN [B3057] INS 154 INS 20 USE: BROWN FK [B3020] INS 161g added USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PRO- USE: CANTHAXANTHIN ADDED PYLENE GLYCOL) [B3224] INS 154 added [H0482] USE: BROWN FK ADDED [H0445] INS 20 added INS 162 USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PRO- INS 155 USE: BEETROOT RED, BETANIN PYLENE GLYCOL) ADDED USE: BROWN HT [B3021] [B3011] [H0649]

INS 155 added INS 162 added INS 200 USE: BROWN HT ADDED [H0446] USE: BEETROOT RED, BETANIN USE: SORBIC ACID [B3279] ADDED [H0436] INS 160a INS 200 added USE: BETA-CAROTENE [B3015] INS 163 USE: SORBIC ACID ADDED USE: ANTHOCYANINS [B3003] [H0704] INS 160a USE: MIXED CAROTENES INS 163 added INS 202 [B3154] USE: ANTHOCYANINS ADDED USE: POTASSIUM SORBATE [H0428] [B3221] INS 160a added USE: BETA-CAROTENE ADDED INS 170 INS 202 added [H0440] USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: POTASSIUM SORBATE CARBONATE [B3024] ADDED [H0646] INS 160a added USE: MIXED CAROTENES INS 170 INS 203 ADDED [H0579] USE: CALCIUM CARBONATE USE: CALCIUM SORBATE [B3031] [B3051] INS 160b USE: ANNATTO, BIXIN, NOR- INS 170 added INS 203 added BIXIN [B3002] USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: CALCIUM SORBATE CARBONATE ADDED ADDED [H0476] INS 160b added [H0449] USE: ANNATTO, BIXIN, NOR- INS 210 BIXIN ADDED [H0427] INS 170 added USE: BENZOIC ACID [B3013] USE: CALCIUM CARBONATE INS 160c ADDED [H0456] INS 210 added USE: PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAP- USE: BENZOIC ACID ADDED SANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN INS 171 [H0438] [B3180] USE: TITANIUM DIOXIDE [B3308] INS 211 INS 160c added INS 171 added USE: SODIUM BENZOATE USE: PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAP- USE: TITANIUM DIOXIDE ADDED [B3245] SANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN [H0733] ADDED [H0605] INS 211 added INS 172 USE: SODIUM BENZOATE INS 160d USE: IRON OXIDES AND HY- ADDED [H0670] USE: LYCOPENE [B3134] DROXIDES [B3124] INS 212 INS 160d added INS 172 added USE: POTASSIUM BENZOATE USE: LYCOPENE ADDED [H0559] USE: IRON OXIDES AND HY- [B3204] DROXIDES ADDED [H0549] INS 160e INS 212 added USE: BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL INS 173 USE: POTASSIUM BENZOATE (C 30) [B3014] USE: ALUMINIUM [B2987] ADDED [H0629]

INS 160e added INS 173 added INS 213 USE: BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL USE: ALUMINIUM ADDED [H0412] USE: CALCIUM BENZOATE (C 30) ADDED [H0439] [B3030] INS 174 INS 160f USE: SILVER [B3238] INS 213 added USE: ETHYL ESTER OF BETA- USE: CALCIUM BENZOATE APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID INS 174 added ADDED [H0455] (C 30) [B3095] USE: SILVER ADDED [H0663] INS 214 INS 160f added INS 175 USE: ETHYL P- USE: ETHYL ESTER OF BETA- USE: GOLD [B3111] HYDROXYBENZOATE APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID [B3097] (C 30) ADDED [H0520] INS 175 added USE: GOLD ADDED [H0536] INS 214 added INS 161b USE: ETHYL P- USE: LUTEIN [B3133] INS 180 HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: LITHOLRUBINE BK [B3131] ADDED [H0522] INS 161b added

124 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

INS 215 USE: SODIUM METABISULPHITE USE: NATAMYCIN ADDED USE: SODIUM ETHYL P- ADDED [H0688] [H0595] HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3251] INS 224 INS 239 USE: POTASSIUM METABISUL- USE: HEXAMETHYLENE TETRA- INS 215 added PHITE [B3215] MINE [B3116] USE: SODIUM ETHYL P- HYDROXYBENZOATE INS 224 added INS 239 added ADDED [H0676] USE: POTASSIUM METABISUL- USE: HEXAMETHYLENE TETRA- PHITE ADDED [H0640] MINE ADDED [H0541] INS 216 USE: PROPYL P- INS 226 INS 242 HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: CALCIUM SULPHITE USE: DIMETHYL DICARBONATE [B3229] [B3054] [B3077]

INS 216 added INS 226 added INS 242 added USE: PROPYL P- USE: CALCIUM SULPHITE USE: DIMETHYL DICARBONATE HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0479] ADDED [H0502] ADDED [H0654] INS 227 INS 249 INS 217 USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: POTASSIUM NITRITE USE: SODIUM PROPYL P- SULPHITE [B3041] [B3217] HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3271] INS 227 added INS 249 added USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: POTASSIUM NITRITE INS 217 added SULPHITE ADDED [H0466] ADDED [H0642] USE: SODIUM PROPYL P- HYDROXYBENZOATE INS 228 INS 250 ADDED [H0696] USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN USE: SODIUM NITRITE [B3266] SULPHITE [B3211] INS 218 INS 250 added USE: METHYL P- INS 228 added USE: SODIUM NITRITE ADDED HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN [H0691] [B3151] SULPHITE ADDED [H0636] INS 251 INS 218 added INS 230 USE: SODIUM NITRATE [B3265] USE: METHYL P- USE: BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3016] INS 251 added ADDED [H0576] USE: SODIUM NITRATE ADDED INS 230 added [H0690] INS 219 USE: BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL USE: SODIUM METHYL P- ADDED [H0441] INS 252 HYDROXYBENZOATE USE: POTASSIUM NITRATE [B3264] INS 231 [B3216] USE: ORTOPHENYL PHENOL INS 219 added [B3176] INS 252 added USE: SODIUM METHYL P- USE: POTASSIUM NITRATE HYDROXYBENZOATE INS 231 added ADDED [H0641] ADDED [H0689] USE: ORTOPHENYL PHENOL ADDED [H0601] INS 260 INS 220 USE: ACETIC ACID [B2977] USE: SULPHUR DIOXIDE [B3295] INS 232 USE: SODIUM ORTOPHENYL INS 260 added INS 220 added PHENOL [B3267] USE: ACETIC ACID ADDED USE: SULPHUR DIOXIDE ADDED [H0402] [H0720] INS 232 added USE: SODIUM ORTOPHENYL INS 261 INS 221 PHENOL ADDED [H0692] USE: POTASSIUM ACETATE USE: SODIUM SULPHITE [B3276] [B3200] INS 233 INS 221 added USE: THIABENDAZOLE [B3307] INS 261 added USE: SODIUM SULPHITE ADDED USE: POTASSIUM ACETATE [H0701] INS 233 added ADDED [H0625] USE: THIABENDAZOLE ADDED INS 222 [H0732] INS 262 USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- USE: SODIUM ACETATE [B3239] PHITE [B3259] INS 234 USE: NISIN [B3172] INS 262 INS 222 added USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN ACE- USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- INS 234 added TATE (SODIUM DIACE- PHITE ADDED [H0684] USE: NISIN ADDED [H0597] TATE) [B3255]

INS 223 INS 235 INS 262 added USE: SODIUM METABISULPHITE USE: NATAMYCIN [B3170] USE: SODIUM ACETATE ADDED [B3263] [H0664] INS 235 added INS 223 added INS 262 added LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 125

USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN ACE- INS 297 TATE (SODIUM DIACE- USE: FUMARIC ACID [B3101] INS 310 TATE) ADDED [H0680] USE: PROPYL GALLATE [B3228] INS 297 added INS 263 USE: FUMARIC ACID ADDED INS 310 added USE: CALCIUM ACETATE [B3026] [H0526] USE: PROPYL GALLATE ADDED [H0653] INS 263 added INS 300 USE: CALCIUM ACETATE ADDED USE: ASCORBIC ACID [B3005] INS 311 [H0451] USE: OCTYL GALLATE [B3175] INS 300 added INS 270 USE: ASCORBIC ACID ADDED INS 311 added USE: LACTIC ACID [B3127] [H0430] USE: OCTYL GALLATE ADDED [H0600] INS 270 added INS 301 USE: LACTIC ACID ADDED USE: SODIUM ASCORBATE INS 312 [H0552] [B3244] USE: DODECYL GALLATE [B3092] INS 280 INS 301 added USE: PROPIONIC ACID [B3227] USE: SODIUM ASCORBATE INS 312 added ADDED [H0669] USE: DODECYL GALLATE INS 280 added ADDED [H0517] USE: PROPIONIC ACID ADDED INS 302 [H0652] USE: CALCIUM ASCORBATE INS 315 [B3029] USE: ERYTHORBIC ACID [B3093] INS 281 USE: SODIUM PROPIONATE INS 302 added INS 315 added [B3270] USE: CALCIUM ASCORBATE USE: ERYTHORBIC ACID ADDED ADDED [H0454] [H0518] INS 281 added USE: SODIUM PROPIONATE INS 304 INS 316 ADDED [H0695] USE: ASCORBYL PALMITATE USE: SODIUM ERYTHORBATE [B3006] [B3250] INS 282 USE: CALCIUM PROPIONATE INS 304 INS 316 added [B3048] USE: ASCORBYL STEARATE USE: SODIUM ERYTHORBATE [B3007] ADDED [H0675] INS 282 added USE: CALCIUM PROPIONATE INS 304 added INS 320 ADDED [H0473] USE: ASCORBYL PALMITATE USE: BUTYLATED HY- ADDED [H0431] DROXYANISOLE (BHA) INS 283 [B3022] USE: POTASSIUM PROPIONATE INS 304 added [B3219] USE: ASCORBYL STEARATE INS 320 added ADDED [H0432] USE: BUTYLATED HY- INS 283 added DROXYANISOLE (BHA) USE: POTASSIUM PROPIONATE INS 306 ADDED [H0447] ADDED [H0644] USE: TOCOPHEROL-RICH EX- TRACT [B3309] INS 321 INS 284 USE: BUTYLATED HYDROXY- USE: BORIC ACID [B3017] INS 306 added TOLUENE (BHT) [B3023] USE: TOCOPHEROL-RICH EX- INS 284 added TRACT ADDED [H0734] INS 321 added USE: BORIC ACID ADDED USE: BUTYLATED HYDROXY- [H0442] INS 307 TOLUENE (BHT) ADDED USE: ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL [H0448] INS 285 [B2986] USE: SODIUM TETRABORATE INS 322 (BORAX) [B3277] INS 307 added USE: LECITHINS [B3130] USE: ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL INS 285 added ADDED [H0411] INS 322 added USE: SODIUM TETRABORATE USE: LECITHINS ADDED [H0555] (BORAX) ADDED [H0702] INS 308 USE: GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL INS 325 INS 290 [B3102] USE: SODIUM LACTATE [B3261] USE: CARBON DIOXIDE [B3059] INS 308 added INS 325 added INS 290 added USE: GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL USE: SODIUM LACTATE ADDED USE: CARBON DIOXIDE ADDED ADDED [H0527] [H0686] [H0484] INS 309 INS 326 INS 296 USE: DELTA-TOCOPHEROL USE: POTASSIUM LACTATE USE: MALIC ACID [B3145] [B3073] [B3213]

INS 296 added INS 309 added INS 326 added USE: MALIC ACID ADDED [H0570] USE: DELTA-TOCOPHEROL USE: POTASSIUM LACTATE ADDED [H0498] ADDED [H0638]

126 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE INS 327 INS 334 ADDED [H0744] USE: CALCIUM LACTATE [B3044] USE: TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) [B3300] INS 340 INS 327 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM PHOS- USE: CALCIUM LACTATE ADDED INS 334 added PHATE [B3082] [H0469] USE: TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) ADDED [H0725] INS 340 INS 330 USE: MONOPOTASSIUM PHOS- USE: CITRIC ACID [B3066] INS 335 PHATE [B3162] USE: DISODIUM TARTRATE INS 330 added [B3090] INS 340 USE: CITRIC ACID ADDED USE: TRIPOTASSIUM PHOS- [H0491] INS 335 PHATE [B3316] USE: MONOSODIUM TARTRATE INS 331 [B3167] INS 340 added USE: DISODIUM CITRATE [B3085] USE: DIPOTASSIUM PHOS- INS 335 added PHATE ADDED [H0507] INS 331 USE: DISODIUM TARTRATE USE: MONOSODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0515] INS 340 added [B3164] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM PHOS- INS 335 added PHATE ADDED [H0587] INS 331 USE: MONOSODIUM TARTRATE USE: TRISODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0592] INS 340 added [B3317] USE: TRIPOTASSIUM PHOS- INS 336 PHATE ADDED [H0741] INS 331 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE USE: DISODIUM CITRATE [B3083] INS 341 ADDED [H0510] USE: DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE INS 336 [B3076] INS 331 added USE: MONOPOTASSIUM TAR- USE: MONOSODIUM CITRATE TRATE [B3163] INS 341 ADDED [H0589] USE: MONOCALCIUM PHOS- INS 336 added PHATE [B3159] INS 331 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE USE: TRISODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0508] INS 341 ADDED [H0742] USE: TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE INS 336 added [B3313] INS 332 USE: MONOPOTASSIUM TAR- USE: MONOPOTASSIUM CIT- TRATE ADDED [H0588] INS 341 added RATE [B3160] USE: DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE INS 337 ADDED [H0501] INS 332 USE: SODIUM POTASSIUM TAR- USE: TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE TRATE [B3269] INS 341 added [B3315] USE: MONOCALCIUM PHOS- INS 337 added PHATE ADDED [H0584] INS 332 added USE: SODIUM POTASSIUM TAR- USE: MONOPOTASSIUM CIT- TRATE ADDED [H0694] INS 341 added RATE ADDED [H0585] USE: TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE INS 338 ADDED [H0738] INS 332 added USE: PHOSPHORIC ACID [B3186] USE: TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE INS 350 ADDED [H0740] INS 338 added USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN MAL- USE: PHOSPHORIC ACID ADDED ATE [B3257] INS 333 [H0611] USE: DICALCIUM CITRATE INS 350 [B3074] INS 339 USE: SODIUM MALATE [B3262] USE: DISODIUM PHOSPHATE INS 333 [B3089] INS 350 added USE: MONOCALCIUM CITRATE USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN MAL- [B3158] INS 339 ATE ADDED [H0682] USE: MONOSODIUM PHOS- INS 333 PHATE [B3166] INS 350 added USE: TRICALCIUM CITRATE USE: SODIUM MALATE ADDED [B3312] INS 339 [H0687] USE: TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE INS 333 added [B3319] INS 351 USE: DICALCIUM CITRATE USE: POTASSIUM MALATE ADDED [H0499] INS 339 added [B3214] USE: DISODIUM PHOSPHATE INS 333 added ADDED [H0514] INS 351 added USE: MONOCALCIUM CITRATE USE: POTASSIUM MALATE ADDED [H0583] INS 339 added ADDED [H0639] USE: MONOSODIUM PHOS- INS 333 added PHATE ADDED [H0591] INS 352 USE: TRICALCIUM CITRATE USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN ADDED [H0737] INS 339 added MALATE [B3040] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 127

INS 413 added INS 352 INS 400 USE: TRAGACANTH ADDED USE: CALCIUM MALATE [B3045] USE: ALGINIC ACID [B2984] [H0735]

INS 352 added INS 400 added INS 414 USE: CALCIUM HYDROGEN USE: ALGINIC ACID ADDED USE: ACACIA GUM (GUM ARA- MALATE ADDED [H0465] [H0409] BIC) [B2975]

INS 352 added INS 401 INS 414 added USE: CALCIUM MALATE ADDED USE: SODIUM ALGINATE [B3241] USE: ACACIA GUM (GUM ARA- [H0470] BIC) ADDED [H0400] INS 401 added INS 353 USE: SODIUM ALGINATE ADDED INS 415 USE: METATARTARIC ACID [H0666] USE: XANTHAN GUM [B3321] [B3149] INS 402 INS 415 added INS 353 added USE: POTASSIUM ALGINATE USE: XANTHAN GUM ADDED USE: METATARTARIC ACID [B3202] [H0746] ADDED [H0574] INS 402 added INS 416 INS 354 USE: POTASSIUM ALGINATE USE: KARAYA GUM [B3126] USE: CALCIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0627] [B3055] INS 416 added INS 403 USE: KARAYA GUM ADDED INS 354 added USE: AMMONIUM ALGINATE [H0551] USE: CALCIUM TARTRATE [B2996] ADDED [H0480] INS 417 INS 403 added USE: TARA GUM [B3299] INS 355 USE: AMMONIUM ALGINATE USE: ADIPIC ACID [B2982] ADDED [H0421] INS 417 added USE: TARA GUM ADDED [H0724] INS 355 added INS 404 USE: ADIPIC ACID ADDED USE: CALCIUM ALGINATE INS 418 [H0407] [B3027] USE: GELLAN GUM [B3103]

INS 356 INS 404 added INS 418 added USE: SODIUM ADIPATE [B3240] USE: CALCIUM ALGINATE USE: GELLAN GUM ADDED ADDED [H0452] [H0528] INS 356 added USE: SODIUM ADIPATE ADDED INS 405 INS 420 [H0665] USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGI- USE: SORBITOL [B3285] NATE [B3225] INS 357 INS 420 USE: POTASSIUM ADIPATE INS 405 added USE: SORBITOL SYRUP [B3286] [B3201] USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGI- NATE ADDED [H0650] INS 420 added INS 357 added USE: SORBITOL ADDED [H0710] USE: POTASSIUM ADIPATE INS 406 ADDED [H0626] USE: AGAR [B2983] INS 420 added USE: SORBITOL SYRUP ADDED INS 363 INS 406 added [H0711] USE: SUCCINIC ACID [B3290] USE: AGAR ADDED [H0408] INS 421 INS 363 added INS 407 USE: MANNITOL [B3148] USE: SUCCINIC ACID ADDED USE: CARRAGEENAN [B3062] [H0715] INS 421 added INS 407 added USE: MANNITOL ADDED [H0573] INS 380 USE: CARRAGEENAN ADDED USE: TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE [H0487] INS 422 [B3311] USE: GLYCEROL [B3107] INS 410 INS 380 added USE: LOCUST BEAN GUM INS 422 added USE: TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE [B3132] USE: GLYCEROL ADDED [H0532] ADDED [H0736] INS 410 added INS 431 INS 385 USE: LOCUST BEAN GUM USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) USE: CALCIUM DISODIUM ETH- ADDED [H0557] STEARATE [B3196] YLENE DIAMINE TETRA- ACETATE (CALCIUM DISO- INS 412 INS 431 added DIUM EDTA) [B3036] USE: GUAR GUM [B3114] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE ADDED [H0621] INS 385 added INS 412 added USE: CALCIUM DISODIUM ETH- USE: GUAR GUM ADDED [H0539] INS 432 YLENE DIAMINE TETRA- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) ACETATE (CALCIUM DISO- INS 413 SORBITAN MONOLAURATE DIUM EDTA) ADDED USE: TRAGACANTH [B3310] (POLYSORBATE 20) [B3191] [H0461]

128 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

INS 432 added USE: PENTASODIUM TRIPHOS- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) INS 444 added PHATE [B3184] SORBITAN MONOLAURATE USE: SUCROSE ACETATE ISO- (POLYSORBATE 20) BUTYRATE ADDED [H0717] INS 451 added ADDED [H0616] USE: PENTAPOTASSIUM TRI- INS 445 PHOSPHATE ADDED INS 433 USE: GLYCEROL ESTERS OF [H0608] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) WOOD ROSINS [B3108] SORBITAN MONOOLEATE INS 451 added (POLYSORBATE 80) [B3192] INS 445 added USE: PENTASODIUM TRIPHOS- USE: GLYCEROL ESTERS OF PHATE ADDED [H0609] INS 433 added WOOD ROSINS ADDED USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) [H0533] INS 452 SORBITAN MONOOLEATE USE: CALCIUM POLYPHOS- (POLYSORBATE 80) INS 450 PHATES [B3047] ADDED [H0617] USE: CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOSPHATE [B3035] INS 452 INS 434 USE: POTASSIUM POLYPHOS- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) INS 450 PHATE [B3218] SORBITAN MONOPALMI- USE: DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE TATE (POLYSORBATE 40) [B3075] INS 452 [B3193] USE: SODIUM CALCIUM POLY- INS 450 PHOSPHATE [B3246] INS 434 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOS- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) PHATE [B3079] INS 452 SORBITAN MONOPALMI- USE: SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE TATE (POLYSORBATE 40) INS 450 [B3268] ADDED [H0618] USE: DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3086] INS 452 added INS 435 USE: CALCIUM POLYPHOS- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) INS 450 PHATES ADDED [H0472] SORBITAN USE: TETRAPOTASSIUM DI- MONOSTEARATE (POLY- PHOSPHATE [B3303] INS 452 added SORBATE 60) [B3194] USE: POTASSIUM POLYPHOS- INS 450 PHATE ADDED [H0643] INS 435 added USE: TETRASODIUM DIPHOS- USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) PHATE [B3304] INS 452 added SORBITAN USE: SODIUM CALCIUM POLY- MONOSTEARATE (POLY- INS 450 PHOSPHATE ADDED SORBATE 60) ADDED USE: TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [H0671] [H0619] [B3318] INS 452 added INS 436 INS 450 added USE: SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) USE: CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN ADDED [H0693] SORBITAN TRISTEARATE DIPHOSPHATE ADDED (POLYSORBATE 65) [B3195] [H0460] INS 460 USE: MICROCRYSTALLINE CEL- INS 436 added INS 450 added LULOSE [B3152] USE: POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) USE: DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE SORBITAN TRISTEARATE ADDED [H0500] INS 460 (POLYSORBATE 65) USE: POWDERED CELLULOSE ADDED [H0620] INS 450 added [B3223] USE: DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOS- INS 440 PHATE ADDED [H0504] INS 460 added USE: AMIDATED PECTIN [B2994] USE: MICROCRYSTALLINE CEL- INS 450 added LULOSE ADDED [H0577] INS 440 USE: DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE USE: PECTIN [B3182] ADDED [H0511] INS 460 added USE: POWDERED CELLULOSE INS 440 added INS 450 added ADDED [H0648] USE: AMIDATED PECTIN ADDED USE: TETRAPOTASSIUM DI- [H0419] PHOSPHATE ADDED INS 461 [H0728] USE: METHYL CELLULOSE INS 440 added [B3150] USE: PECTIN ADDED [H0607] INS 450 added USE: TETRASODIUM DIPHOS- INS 461 added INS 442 PHATE ADDED [H0729] USE: METHYL CELLULOSE USE: AMMONIUM PHOSPHATI- ADDED [H0575] DES [B3000] INS 450 added USE: TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE INS 463 INS 442 added ADDED [H0743] USE: HYDROXYPROPYL CELLU- USE: AMMONIUM PHOSPHATI- LOSE [B3120] DES ADDED [H0425] INS 451 USE: PENTAPOTASSIUM TRI- INS 463 added INS 444 PHOSPHATE [B3183] USE: HYDROXYPROPYL CELLU- USE: SUCROSE ACETATE ISO- LOSE ADDED [H0545] BUTYRATE [B3292] INS 451 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 129

INS 464 INS 472b INS 474 added USE: HYDROXYPROPYL USE: LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF USE: SUCROGLYCERIDES METHYL CELLULOSE MONO- AND DIGLYC- ADDED [H0716] [B3121] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3128] INS 475 INS 464 added USE: POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS USE: HYDROXYPROPYL INS 472b added OF FATTY ACIDS [B3189] METHYL CELLULOSE USE: LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF ADDED [H0546] MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 475 added ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS INS 465 ADDED [H0553] OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED USE: ETHYL METHYL CELLU- [H0614] LOSE [B3096] INS 472c USE: CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF INS 476 INS 465 added MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: POLYGLYCEROL USE: ETHYL METHYL CELLU- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS POLYRICINOLEATE [B3190] LOSE ADDED [H0521] [B3067] INS 476 added INS 466 INS 472c added USE: POLYGLYCEROL USE: CARBOXY METHYL CELLU- USE: CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF POLYRICINOLEATE ADDED LOSE [B3060] MONO- AND DIGLYC- [H0615] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS INS 466 ADDED [H0492] INS 477 USE: SODIUM CARBOXY USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ES- METHYL CELLULOSE INS 472d TERS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3248] USE: TARTARIC ACID ESTERS [B3226] OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 466 added ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS INS 477 added USE: CARBOXY METHYL CELLU- [B3301] USE: PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ES- LOSE ADDED [H0485] TERS OF FATTY ACIDS INS 472d added ADDED [H0651] INS 466 added USE: TARTARIC ACID ESTERS USE: SODIUM CARBOXY OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 479b METHYL CELLULOSE ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: THERMALLY OXIDIZED ADDED [H0673] ADDED [H0726] SOYA BEAN OIL INTER- ACTED WITH MONO- AND INS 470a INS 472e DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY USE: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND USE: MONO- AND DIACETYL ACIDS [B3306] CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY TARTARIC ACID ESTERS ACIDS [B3278] OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 479b added ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: THERMALLY OXIDIZED INS 470a added [B3155] SOYA BEAN OIL INTER- USE: SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND ACTED WITH MONO- AND CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY INS 472e added DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0703] USE: MONO- AND DIACETYL ACIDS ADDED [H0731] TARTARIC ACID ESTERS INS 470b OF MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 481 USE: MAGNESIUM SALTS OF ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: SODIUM STEAROYL-2- FATTY ACIDS [B3142] ADDED [H0580] LACTYLATE [B3274]

INS 470b added INS 472f INS 481 added USE: MAGNESIUM SALTS OF USE: MIXED ACETIC AND TAR- USE: SODIUM STEAROYL-2- FATTY ACIDS ADDED TARIC ACID ESTERS OF LACTYLATE ADDED [H0567] MONO- AND DIGLYC- [H0699] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS INS 471 [B3153] INS 482 USE: MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS INS 472f added LACTYLATE [B3052] [B3156] USE: MIXED ACETIC AND TAR- TARIC ACID ESTERS OF INS 482 added INS 471 added MONO- AND DIGLYC- USE: CALCIUM STEAROYL-2- USE: MONO- AND DIGLYC- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS LACTYLATE ADDED ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0578] [H0477] ADDED [H0581] INS 473 INS 483 INS 472a USE: SUCROSE ESTERS OF USE: STEARYL TARTRATE USE: ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3293] [B3289] MONO- AND DIGLYC- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS INS 473 added INS 483 added [B2978] USE: SUCROSE ESTERS OF USE: STEARYL TARTRATE FATTY ACIDS ADDED ADDED [H0714] INS 472a added [H0718] USE: ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF INS 491 MONO- AND DIGLYC- INS 474 USE: SORBITAN MONOSTE- ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS USE: SUCROGLYCERIDES ARATE [B3283] ADDED [H0403] [B3291] INS 491 added

130 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: SORBITAN MONOSTE- INS 503 INS 513 added ARATE ADDED [H0708] USE: AMMONIUM CARBONATE USE: SULPHURIC ACID ADDED [B2997] [H0721]

INS 492 INS 503 INS 514 USE: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE USE: AMMONIUM HYDROGEN USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- [B3284] CARBONATE [B2998] PHATE [B3258]

INS 492 added INS 503 added INS 514 USE: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE USE: AMMONIUM CARBONATE USE: SODIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0709] ADDED [H0422] [B3275]

INS 493 INS 503 added INS 514 added USE: SORBITAN MONOLAURATE USE: AMMONIUM HYDROGEN USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN SUL- [B3280] CARBONATE ADDED PHATE ADDED [H0683] [H0423] INS 493 added INS 514 added USE: SORBITAN MONOLAURATE INS 504 USE: SODIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0705] USE: MAGNESIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0700] [B3136] INS 494 INS 515 USE: SORBITAN MONOOLEATE INS 504 USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN [B3281] USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SULPHATE [B3210] CARBONATE [B3140] INS 494 added INS 515 USE: SORBITAN MONOOLEATE INS 504 added USE: POTASSIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0706] USE: MAGNESIUM CARBONATE [B3222] ADDED [H0561] INS 495 INS 515 added USE: SORBITAN MONOPALMI- INS 504 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN TATE [B3282] USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SULPHATE ADDED [H0635] CARBONATE ADDED INS 495 added [H0565] INS 515 added USE: SORBITAN MONOPALMI- USE: POTASSIUM SULPHATE TATE ADDED [H0707] INS 507 ADDED [H0647] USE: HYDROCHLORIC ACID INS 500 [B3117] INS 516 USE: SODIUM CARBONATE USE: CALCIUM SULPHATE [B3247] INS 507 added [B3053] USE: HYDROCHLORIC ACID INS 500 ADDED [H0542] INS 516 added USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN CAR- USE: CALCIUM SULPHATE BONATE [B3256] INS 508 ADDED [H0478] USE: POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INS 500 [B3206] INS 517 USE: SODIUM SESQUICARBON- USE: AMMONIUM SULPHATE ATE [B3273] INS 508 added [B3001] USE: POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INS 500 added ADDED [H0631] INS 517 added USE: SODIUM CARBONATE USE: AMMONIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0672] INS 509 ADDED [H0426] USE: CALCIUM CHLORIDE INS 500 added [B3032] INS 520 USE: SODIUM HYDROGEN CAR- USE: ALUMINIUM SULPHATE BONATE ADDED [H0681] INS 509 added [B2992] USE: CALCIUM CHLORIDE INS 500 added ADDED [H0457] INS 520 added USE: SODIUM SESQUICARBON- USE: ALUMINIUM SULPHATE ATE ADDED [H0698] INS 511 ADDED [H0417] USE: MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE INS 501 [B3137] INS 521 USE: POTASSIUM CARBONATE USE: ALUMINIUM SODIUM SUL- [B3205] INS 511 added PHATE [B2991] USE: MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE INS 501 ADDED [H0562] INS 521 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN USE: ALUMINIUM SODIUM SUL- CARBONATE [B3209] INS 512 PHATE ADDED [H0416] USE: STANNOUS CHLORIDE INS 501 added [B3287] INS 522 USE: POTASSIUM CARBONATE USE: ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM ADDED [H0630] INS 512 added SULPHATE [B2989] USE: STANNOUS CHLORIDE INS 501 added ADDED [H0712] INS 522 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROGEN USE: ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM CARBONATE ADDED INS 513 SULPHATE ADDED [H0414] [H0634] USE: SULPHURIC ACID [B3296] INS 523 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 131

USE: ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM INS 538 SULPHATE [B2988] USE: CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE INS 558 [B3037] USE: BENTONITE [B3012] INS 523 added USE: ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM INS 538 added INS 558 added SULPHATE ADDED [H0413] USE: CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE USE: BENTONITE ADDED ADDED [H0462] [H0437] INS 524 USE: SODIUM HYDROXIDE INS 541 INS 559 [B3260] USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM USE: ALUMINIUM SILICATE PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC (KAOLIN) [B2990] INS 524 added [B3242] USE: SODIUM HYDROXIDE INS 559 added ADDED [H0685] INS 541 added USE: ALUMINIUM SILICATE USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM (KAOLIN) ADDED [H0415] INS 525 PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC USE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0667] INS 570 [B3212] USE: FATTY ACIDS [B3098] INS 551 INS 525 added USE: SILICIUM DIOXIDE [B3237] INS 570 added USE: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE USE: FATTY ACIDS ADDED ADDED [H0637] INS 551 added [H0523] USE: SILICIUM DIOXIDE ADDED INS 526 [H0662] INS 574 USE: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE USE: GLUCONIC ACID [B3104] [B3042] INS 552 USE: CALCIUM SILICATE [B3050] INS 574 added INS 526 added USE: GLUCONIC ACID ADDED USE: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE INS 552 added [H0529] ADDED [H0467] USE: CALCIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0475] INS 575 INS 527 USE: GLUCONO-DELTA- USE: AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INS 553a LACTONE [B3105] [B2999] USE: MAGNESIUM SILICATE [B3143] INS 575 added INS 527 added USE: GLUCONO-DELTA- USE: AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INS 553a LACTONE ADDED [H0530] ADDED [H0424] USE: MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE [B3144] INS 576 INS 528 USE: SODIUM GLUCONATE USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE INS 553a added [B3253] [B3139] USE: MAGNESIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0568] INS 576 added INS 528 added USE: SODIUM GLUCONATE USE: MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE INS 553a added ADDED [H0678] ADDED [H0564] USE: MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE ADDED [H0569] INS 577 INS 529 USE: POTASSIUM GLUCONATE USE: CALCIUM OXIDE [B3046] INS 553b [B3208] USE: TALC [B3298] INS 529 added INS 577 added USE: CALCIUM OXIDE ADDED INS 553b added USE: POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [H0471] USE: TALC ADDED [H0723] ADDED [H0633]

INS 530 INS 554 INS 578 USE: MAGNESIUM OXIDE [B3141] USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: CALCIUM GLUCONATE CATE [B3243] [B3038] INS 530 added USE: MAGNESIUM OXIDE INS 554 added INS 578 added ADDED [H0566] USE: SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: CALCIUM GLUCONATE CATE ADDED [H0668] ADDED [H0463] INS 535 USE: SODIUM FERROCYANIDE INS 555 INS 579 [B3252] USE: POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM USE: FERROUS GLUCONATE SILICATE [B3203] [B3099] INS 535 added USE: SODIUM FERROCYANIDE INS 555 added INS 579 added ADDED [H0677] USE: POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM USE: FERROUS GLUCONATE SILICATE ADDED [H0628] ADDED [H0524] INS 536 USE: POTASSIUM FERROCYA- INS 556 INS 585 NIDE [B3207] USE: CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: FERROUS LACTATE CATE [B3028] [B3100] INS 536 added USE: POTASSIUM FERROCYA- INS 556 added INS 585 added NIDE ADDED [H0632] USE: CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILI- USE: FERROUS LACTATE CATE ADDED [H0453] ADDED [H0525]

132 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: CALCIUM GUANYLATE USE: BEESWAX, WHITE AND INS 620 ADDED [H0464] YELLOW [B3010] USE: GLUTAMIC ACID [B3106] INS 630 INS 901 added INS 620 added USE: INOSINIC ACID [B3123] USE: BEESWAX, WHITE AND USE: GLUTAMIC ACID ADDED YELLOW ADDED [H0435] [H0531] INS 630 added USE: INOSINIC ACID ADDED INS 902 INS 621 [H0548] USE: CANDELILLA WAX [B3056] USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- MATE [B3165] INS 631 INS 902 added USE: DISODIUM INOSINATE USE: CANDELILLA WAX ADDED INS 621 added [B3088] [H0481] USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- MATE ADDED [H0590] INS 631 added INS 903 USE: DISODIUM INOSINATE USE: CARNAUBA WAX [B3061] INS 622 ADDED [H0513] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM GLU- INS 903 added TAMATE [B3161] INS 632 USE: CARNAUBA WAX ADDED USE: DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE [H0486] INS 622 added [B3081] USE: MONOPOTASSIUM GLU- INS 904 TAMATE ADDED [H0586] INS 632 added USE: SHELLAC [B3236] USE: DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE INS 623 ADDED [H0506] INS 904 added USE: CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE USE: SHELLAC ADDED [H0661] [B3034] INS 633 USE: CALCIUM INOSINATE INS 912 INS 623 added [B3043] USE: MONTAN ACID ESTERS USE: CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE [B3169] ADDED [H0459] INS 633 added USE: CALCIUM INOSINATE INS 912 added INS 624 ADDED [H0468] USE: MONTAN ACID ESTERS USE: MONOAMMONIUM GLUTA- ADDED [H0594] MATE [B3157] INS 634 USE: CALCIUM 5'- INS 914 INS 624 added RIBONUCLEOTIDES USE: OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE USE: MONOAMMONIUM GLUTA- [B3025] WAX [B3177] MATE ADDED [H0582] INS 634 added INS 914 added INS 625 USE: CALCIUM 5'- USE: OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE USE: MAGNESIUM DIGLUTA- RIBONUCLEOTIDES WAX ADDED [H0602] MATE [B3138] ADDED [H0450] INS 927b INS 625 added INS 635 USE: CARBAMIDE [B3058] USE: MAGNESIUM DIGLUTA- USE: DISODIUM 5'- MATE ADDED [H0563] RIBONUCLEOTIDES INS 927b added [B3084] USE: CARBAMIDE ADDED INS 626 [H0483] USE: GUANYLIC ACID [B3113] INS 635 added USE: DISODIUM 5'- INS 938 INS 626 added RIBONUCLEOTIDES USE: ARGON [B3004] USE: GUANYLIC ACID ADDED ADDED [H0509] [H0538] INS 938 added INS 640 USE: ARGON ADDED [H0429] INS 627 USE: GLYCINE [B3110] USE: DISODIUM GUANYLATE INS 939 [B3087] INS 640 USE: HELIUM [B3115] USE: SODIUM GLYCINATE INS 627 added [B3254] INS 939 added USE: DISODIUM GUANYLATE USE: HELIUM ADDED [H0540] ADDED [H0512] INS 640 added USE: GLYCINE ADDED [H0535] INS 941 INS 628 USE: NITROGEN [B3173] USE: DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE INS 640 added [B3080] USE: SODIUM GLYCINATE INS 941 added ADDED [H0679] USE: NITROGEN ADDED [H0598] INS 628 added USE: DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE INS 900 INS 942 ADDED [H0505] USE: DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE USE: NITROUS OXIDE [B3174] [B3078] INS 629 INS 942 added USE: CALCIUM GUANYLATE INS 900 added USE: NITROUS OXIDE ADDED [B3039] USE: DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE [H0599] ADDED [H0503] INS 629 added INS 948 INS 901 USE: OXYGEN [B3179] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 133

FTC: C0212 INS 948 added INS 957 BT: ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE USE: OXYGEN ADDED [H0604] USE: THAUMATIN [B3305] SYSTEM [C0106]

INS 950 INS 957 added INVERT SUGAR USE: ACESULFAME K [B2976] USE: THAUMATIN ADDED FTC: C0171 [H0730] BT: SUGAR [C0108] INS 950 added USE: ACESULFAME K ADDED INS 959 INVERT SUGAR ADDED [H0401] USE: NEOHESPERIDINE D C FTC: H0211 [B3171] BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP INS 951 ADDED [H0136] USE: ASPARTAME [B3008] INS 959 added USE: NEOHESPERIDINE D C invertebrate, water INS 951 added ADDED [H0596] USE: FISH OR LOWER WATER USE: ASPARTAME ADDED ANIMAL [B1021] [H0433] INS 965 USE: MALTITOL [B3146] IODIZED INS 952 FTC: H0189 USE: CALCIUM CYCLAMATE INS 965 BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] [B3033] USE: MALTITOL SYRUP [B3147] UF: kelp added SN: Used when iodine is added INS 952 INS 965 added for supplementation at any USE: CYCLAMIC ACID [B3072] USE: MALTITOL ADDED [H0571] level.

INS 952 INS 965 added IOWA USE: SODIUM CYCLAMATE USE: MALTITOL SYRUP ADDED FTC: US19 [B3249] [H0572] BT: MIDWESTERN STATES [US61] INS 952 added INS 966 USE: CALCIUM CYCLAMATE USE: LACTITOL [B3129] ipil-ipil ADDED [H0458] USE: LEUCAENA [B2443] INS 966 added INS 952 added USE: LACTITOL ADDED [H0554] ipomoea aquatica USE: CYCLAMIC ACID ADDED USE: CHINESE SWAMP CAB- [H0497] INS 967 BAGE [B2462] USE: XYLITOL [B3322] INS 952 added ipomoea batatas USE: SODIUM CYCLAMATE INS 967 added USE: SWEET POTATO [B1106] ADDED [H0674] USE: XYLITOL ADDED [H0747] IRAN INS 953 INS 999 FTC: IR USE: ISOMALT [B3125] USE: QUILLAIA EXTRACT [B3230] BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06]

INS 953 added INS 999 added IRAQ USE: ISOMALT ADDED [H0550] USE: QUILLAIA EXTRACT ADDED FTC: IQ [H0655] BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] INS 954 USE: CALCIUM SACCHARIN INSECT IRELAND [B3049] FTC: B1220 FTC: IE BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD BT: EUROPE, WESTERN INS 954 SOURCE [B1297] [QR04] USE: POTASSIUM SACCHARIN [B3220] instant breakfast IRIAN JAYA USE: MEAL REPLACEMENT FTC: ID09 INS 954 [A0274] BT: INDONESIA [ID] USE: SACCHARIN [B3235] INSTANTIZED IRISH MOSS INS 954 FTC: H0169 FTC: B1742 USE: SODIUM SACCHARIN BT: FOOD MODIFIED [H0141] BT: CHONDRUS [B2500] [B3272] UF: agglomerated UF: chondrus crispus UF: converted (grain) INS 954 added SN: Used for food products modi- irish potato USE: CALCIUM SACCHARIN fied to reduce cooking time or USE: POTATO [B1218] ADDED [H0474] to enhance dispersion char- acteristics of powdered or IRON ADDED INS 954 added granulated products. FTC: H0181 USE: POTASSIUM SACCHARIN BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] ADDED [H0645] INTERIOR BACTERIA CURED SN: Used when iron is added at FTC: H0328 any level. Always use this INS 954 added BT: BACTERIA CURED [H0326] term for enriched flour or rice, USE: SACCHARIN ADDED enriched bakery products, [H0660] INTERIOR MOLD CURED and enriched macaroni or FTC: H0331 noodle products. (21 CFR INS 954 added BT: MOLD CURED [H0329] 137.610(a), 21 CFR USE: SODIUM SACCHARIN 136.115(a)(1), and others. ADDED [H0697] INTESTINE

134 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

IRON OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES FTC: B1090 FTC: B3124 isurus spp. BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: MAKO SHARK [B2470] UF: trachurus declivis PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: trachurus novaezelandiae ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ITALIAN PRUNE PLUM UF: trachurus symmetricus UF: E 172 FTC: B2125 UF: INS 172 BT: PLUM [B1206] jack, green USE: GREEN JACK [B2251] IRON OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES italian tomato ADDED USE: PEAR TOMATO [B1107] jack, horse-eye FTC: H0549 USE: HORSE-EYE JACK [B2178] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ITALY EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: IT jackal berry NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] TARIUS [H0399] [QR03] UF: E 172 added jackass morwong UF: INS 172 added ivory coast USE: TARAKIHI [B1910] USE: COTE D'IVOIRE [CI] IRRADIATED JACKFRUIT FTC: H0121 IVY GOURD FTC: B1545 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY FTC: B2420 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- MODIFIED [H0130] BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: picowaved PUMPKIN [B2091] UF: artocarpus heterophyllus SN: Used when the food product UF: coccinea cordifolia UF: artocarpus integrifolius or any indexed ingredient is ir- UF: coccinea grandis UF: jakfruit radiated for any purpose. UF: coccinea indica UF: langka

IRRADIATED BY IONIZING IRRA- J. PRESERVATION METHOD jacquinotia edwardsii DIATION FTC: J0107 USE: NEW ZEALAND SPIDER FTC: H0179 SN: The methods contributing to CRAB [B2105] BT: IRRADIATED [H0121] the prevention or retardation of microbial or enzymatic jakfruit IRRADIATED BY ULTRAVIOLET spoilage and thus to the ex- USE: JACKFRUIT [B1545] RADIATION tension of shelf life. Index all FTC: H0261 methods for which information JALAPENO PEPPER BT: IRRADIATED [H0121] is available, even if a corre- FTC: B1666 sponding descriptor has al- BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] irvingia gabonensis ready been used in *H. USE: AFRICAN MANGO [B2806] TREATMENT APPLIED*. jam or fruit preserve Preservation descriptors refer USE: FRUIT PRESERVE OR JAM islas malvinas to the finished food as a [A0251] USE: FALKLAND ISLANDS [FK] whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a JAMAICA ISOMALT multi-component food, such FTC: JM FTC: B3125 as cream pie, are preserved BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- by different methods, index all [QO01] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX methods; (2) if chemical pre- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] servatives are declared on the jamaica apple UF: E 953 label, always index them even USE: CUSTARD APPLE [B1689] UF: INS 953 if it is known that the pre- servative was introduced jamaica pepper ISOMALT ADDED through or is only present in a USE: ALLSPICE [B1356] FTC: H0550 component or ingredient of BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, the food; and (3) if the preser- jamaica sorrel EUROPEAN COMMU- vation method for an ingredi- USE: ROSELLE [B1691] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ent is declared on the label TARIUS [H0399] (such as brie cheese made jaman UF: E 953 added from pasteurized milk) index USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] UF: INS 953 added it. Also use *INGREDIENT PRESERVED BY THERMAL jamberry ISRAEL PROCESSING* or USE: MEXICAN HUSK TOMATO FTC: IL *INGREDIENT PRESERVED [B2015] BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] BY IRRADIATION* when in- gredients have been pasteur- jambol istiophoridae ized, ultrapasteurized, steril- USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] USE: BILLFISH FAMILY [B1518] ized or irradiated. JAMBOLAN istiophorus platypterus JACK FTC: B1651 USE: SAILFISH [B1521] FTC: B1044 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] CAL FRUIT [B1024] isurus oxyrinchus UF: black plum (syzyguim) USE: SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK JACK FAMILY UF: eugenia jambolana [B2471] FTC: B1755 UF: jambol BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: jambolan plum isurus paucus UF: carangidae UF: jambul USE: LONGFIN MAKO SHARK UF: java plum [B2472] JACK MACKEREL UF: syzygium cumini LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 135

BT: CLAM [B1331] jambolan plum UF: asari jar, bottle or can USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] UF: tapes japonica USE: CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR UF: tapes philippinarum [M0194] jambos UF: USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] jasus lalandii japanese medlar USE: CAPE SPINY LOBSTER jambu fruit USE: LOQUAT [B1244] [B2166] USE: WATER ROSEAPPLE [B2777] japanese mushroom JAVA USE: SHIITAKE MUSHROOM FTC: ID07 jambul [B1635] BT: INDONESIA [ID] USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] JAPANESE OYSTER java plum jamrosade FTC: B2876 USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] BT: OYSTER [B1224] UF: ostrea laperousei java root jamrose USE: GREATER GALANGAL USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] japanese pear [B2601] USE: SAND PEAR [B1523] jan mayen island jelling agent USE: SVALBARD AND JAN japanese persimmon USE: STABILIZER, THICKENER MAYEN ISLANDS [SJ] USE: KAKI [B2766] OR GELLING AGENT [A0319] JAP OR AGAR JELLY CANDY JAPANESE PILCHARD FTC: A0146 FTC: B1974 JELLY CANDY BT: JELLY CANDY [A0162] BT: SARDINE [B1558] FTC: A0162 SN: Jelly candy having agar as its UF: sardinops melanostictus BT: SOFT CANDY [A0293] principal jelling ingredient. UF: sardinops sagax melanosticta SN: Candy prepared by cooking together a mixture of sweet- JAPAN JAPANESE PLUM eners, water, acids, flavoring FTC: JP FTC: B2736 agents, other ingredients and BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] BT: PLUM [B1206] jelling agents to a tempera- UF: susina ture of 226-230 degrees F, JAPAN PEPPER which results in a soft-solid FTC: B2306 japanese plum (eriobotrya) product. BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- USE: LOQUAT [B1244] BLE [B1006] JELLY, JAM OR PRESERVE ADDED UF: zanthoxylum piperitum japanese pumpkin FTC: H0122 USE: JAPANESE SQUASH BT: FRUIT ADDED [H0147] JAPAN PEPPER [B2523] SN: Used when jelly, jam or pre- FTC: B2306 serve is a filling in a food BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- JAPANESE SCALLOP product; otherwise, used PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2353 when jelly, jam or preserve is [B1179] BT: SCALLOP [B1489] the second ingredient in order UF: zanthoxylum piperitum UF: amusium japanic of predominance. UF: chlamys nipponensis JAPAN SEA BASS JELLYFISH FTC: B1760 JAPANESE SPIDER CRAB FTC: B2408 BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY FTC: B2225 BT: COELENTERATE [B2409] [B1184] BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY UF: medusae UF: sea bass, japanese [B2222] UF: rhopilema spp. UF: chionoecetes japonicus japanese bunching onion jericho balsam USE: WELSH ONION [B2418] JAPANESE SPINY LOBSTER USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] FTC: B2168 JAPANESE CHESTNUT BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE FTC: B2417 [B2163] FTC: B1038 BT: CHESTNUT [B1544] UF: panulirus japonicus BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR japanese deep sea crab JAPANESE SQUASH BULB USED [B1018] USE: PACIFIC DEEP SEA CRAB FTC: B2523 UF: helianthus tuberosus [B2229] BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] UF: cabocha squash JEWFISH japanese fern palm UF: cucurbita moschata FTC: B1756 USE: SAGO PALM [B2139] UF: japanese pumpkin BT: GROUPER [B1496] UF: kabocha squash UF: epinephelus itajara JAPANESE HARD CLAM UF: nam gwa FTC: B2386 jew's ear BT: CLAM [B1331] jar USE: BLACK FUNGUS [B1741] UF: meretrix lamarckii USE: BOTTLE OR JAR [M0203] jew's mallow japanese horseradish JAR USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] USE: WASABI [B2236] FTC: M0215 BT: BOTTLE OR JAR [M0203] JICAMA JAPANESE LITTLENECK CLAM UF: wide-necked bottle FTC: B1738 FTC: B2354 UF: wide-necked jar

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BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING juglans regia K. PACKING MEDIUM PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR USE: ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130] FTC: K0020 BULB USED [B1018] SN: The medium in which the UF: pachyrhizus erosus juglans spp. food is packed for preserva- UF: pachyrhizus tuberosus USE: WALNUT [B1290] tion and handling or the me- dium surrounding homemade jobo JUICE foods, e.g., peaches cooked USE: HOG PLUM [B1307] FTC: C0300 in sugar syrup. The packing BT: MULTICOMPONENT EX- medium may provide a con- JOB'S TEARS TRACT, CONCENTRATE trolled environment for the FTC: B2341 OR ISOLATE [C0159] food. It may also serve to im- BT: GRAIN OR SEED- AI: The liquid part of prove palatability and con- PRODUCING PLANT a plant, fruit, or vegetable sumer appeal. [B1047] (Source: Webster's) UF: coix lacryma-jobi kabocha squash juice beverage, diluted USE: JAPANESE SQUASH JOHN DORY USE: FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED [B2523] FTC: B2184 [A0130] BT: DORY FAMILY [B1891] kaffir UF: zeus capensis juice, fruit USE: SORGHUM [B1448] UF: zeus japonicus USE: FRUIT JUICE [A0127] SN: Source--multilingual dictionary kaffir melon of fish and fish products. juice, vegetable USE: WATERMELON [B1391] USE: VEGETABLE JUICE [A0264] JOHN'S SNAPPER kaffir orange FTC: B2313 JUJUBE USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] FTC: B1311 UF: blackspot snapper BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- kafir UF: lutjanus johnii CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: SORGHUM [B1448] UF: plainscaled snapper UF: ziziphus spp. UF: thailand snapper KAHAWAI jujube nut FTC: B2237 JOJOBA USE: CHINESE RED DATE BT: AUSTRALIAN SALMON FTC: B1704 [B2008] FAMILY [B1940] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: arripis trutta [B1017] jumbie bean UF: australian salmon UF: deer nut USE: LEUCAENA [B2443] UF: goat nut KAIYOMARU RATTAIL UF: simmondsia chinensis JUMEAU FTC: B2905 FTC: Z0133 BT: GRENADIER FAMILY JOJOBA BT: RAQUETTE [Z0131] [B2899] FTC: B1704 UF: caelorinchus kaiyomaru BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] JUNEBERRY SN: Source--eschmeyer, catalog UF: deer nut FTC: B1435 of the genera of recent fishes, UF: goat nut BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT california academy of sci- UF: simmondsia chinensis [B1599] ences, 1990, p.458. Scientific UF: amelanchier name verifiable, common JORDAN UF: serviceberry name unverified. FTC: JO UF: shadbush BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] UF: sugarplum KAKI FTC: B2766 jowl meat junior food BT: PERSIMMON [B1447] USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] USE: INFANT OR TODDLER UF: date plum FOOD [P0020] UF: diospyros chinensis JOWL, TRIMMED UF: diospyros kaki FTC: Z0040 JUNIPER UF: japanese persimmon BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] FTC: B2040 UF: keg fig UF: cheek and head trimmings BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: persimmon, japanese UF: cheek meat PRODUCING PLANT UF: sharon fruit UF: ear meat [B1179] UF: head meat UF: juniperus communis KALE UF: jowl meat FTC: B1281 UF: lip meat juniperus communis BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: nose meat USE: JUNIPER [B2040] UF: cole UF: snout meat SN: Includes head trimmings. jurel (green jack) KAMCHATKA FLOUNDER USE: GREEN JACK [B2251] FTC: B1875 JUG OR DEMIJOHN BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: M0218 jurel (horse-eye jack) FAMILY [B1856] BT: BOTTLE OR JAR [M0203] USE: HORSE-EYE JACK [B2178] UF: atheresthes evermanni UF: flounder, kamchatka juglans cinera jute mallow USE: BUTTERNUT [B1453] USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] KAMPUCHEA FTC: KH juglans nigra jute, nalta BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] USE: BLACK WALNUT [B1071] USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] UF: cambodia

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KANDA KELP BT: MANDARIN ORANGE FTC: B2305 FTC: B1744 [B1429] BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] BT: ALGAE, BROWN [B2395] UF: citrus nobilis cv. king UF: mugil kandavensis UF: king mandarin orange UF: valamugil engeli kelp added USE: IODIZED [H0189] king salmon KANGAROO USE: CHINOOK SALMON [B1132] FTC: B2092 KENT COUNTY BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) FTC: US10A KINGFISH [B1134] FTC: B2198 UF: macropus spp. KENTUCKY BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] FTC: US21 UF: menticirrhus KANSAS BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES FTC: US20 [US60] KINGKLIP BT: MIDWESTERN STATES FTC: B2485 [US61] KENYA BT: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] FTC: KE UF: genypterus spp. KARAYA GUM BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] FTC: B3126 kingklip, black BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- kernel or seed USE: BLACK KINGKLIP [B1857] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] kingklip, golden UF: E 416 keta salmon USE: GOLDEN KINGKLIP [B1858] UF: INS 416 USE: CHUM SALMON [B1115] kingklip, red KARAYA GUM ADDED KEYHOLE LIMPET USE: RED KINGKLIP [B1859] FTC: H0381 FTC: B2358 BT: PLANT EXUDATE GUM BT: LIMPET [B2279] kirghizia ADDED [H0379] UF: fissurella maxima USE: KYRGYZSTAN [KG] UF: gum karaya added SN: Used when karaya gum is kha (spice) KIRIBATI added to a food at any level. USE: GREATER GALANGAL FTC: KI [B2601] BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS KARAYA GUM ADDED [QU] FTC: H0551 KID UF: gilbert islands BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2702 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: GOAT [B1328] KIWIFRUIT NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1664 TARIUS [H0399] KIDNEY BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: E 416 added FTC: C0196 CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: INS 416 added BT: ORGAN MEAT, UROGENI- UF: actinidia chinensis TAL SYSTEM [C0145] UF: actinidia sinensis kathetostoma giganteum UF: chinese gooseberry USE: GIANT STARGAZER [B2877] KIDNEY BEAN UF: strawberry peach FTC: B1113 katsuwonus pelamis BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, knish USE: SKIPJACK TUNA [B1376] EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR USE: PASTRY, UNSWEETENED, [B1061] FILLED [A0103] KAVA UF: french bean FTC: B2060 KODO MILLET BT: CARBOHYDRATE- KILLIFISH FTC: B2504 PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2599 BT: MILLET [B2505] [B1048] BT: KILLIFISH FAMILY [B2618] UF: piper methysticum UF: fundulus spp. KOHLRABI FTC: B1369 KAWAKAWA KILLIFISH FAMILY BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- FTC: B1546 FTC: B2618 TABLE [B1005] BT: TUNA [B1269] BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM UF: brassica oleracea var. gongy- UF: euthynnus affinis [B1573] lodes UF: euthynnus yaito UF: cyprinodontidae kombu KAZAKHSTAN KING CRAB USE: KONBU [B2638] FTC: KZ FTC: B1498 BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] BT: STONE AND KING CRAB KONBU FAMILY [B2209] FTC: B2638 keeling islands UF: crab, alaska deep sea BT: KELP [B1744] USE: COCOS ISLANDS [CC] UF: crab, japanese UF: kombu UF: laminaria japonica keg fig KING MACKEREL UF: laminaria longissima USE: KAKI [B2766] FTC: B1516 UF: naga-kombu BT: MACKEREL [B1043] SN: A kelp that is the traditional KEGANI CRAB seasoning in dashi, the fish FTC: B1961 king mandarin orange soup stock that flavors much BT: HORSE CRAB FAMILY USE: KING ORANGE [B2468] japanese food. It is also a fla- [B2230] vor enhancer that contains UF: erimacrus isenbeckii KING ORANGE natural sodium glutamate. FTC: B2468

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KONJAC KUMQUAT SN: Use when the 'claim or use' FTC: B2637 FTC: B1530 index term is derived from BT: DEVILS TONGUE [B2344] BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] written, printed or graphic ma- UF: amorphophallus rivieri var. UF: fortunella spp. terial that appears on a prod- konjac uct's container or wrapping kundur but is not a part of the food kor tongho USE: CHINESE PRESERVING label. USE: GARLAND CHRYSANTHE- MELON [B1616] MUM [B1740] lablab kurna USE: HYACINTH BEAN [B1725] KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] REPUBLIC OF REDFISH FTC: KP KUWAIT FTC: B1768 BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] FTC: KW BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: democratic people's republic BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] [B1084] of korea UF: redfish, labrador UF: korea, north KYRGYZSTAN UF: sebastes fasciatus UF: north korea FTC: KG BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] labridae korea, north UF: kirghizia USE: WRASSE FAMILY [B2277] USE: KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF LABEL CLAIM labrus viridis [KP] FTC: P0059 USE: WRASSE [B2389] BT: LABEL OR LABELING KOREA, REPUBLIC OF CLAIM [P0160] LABYRINTH CATFISH FAMILY FTC: KR SN: Use when any 'claim or use' FTC: B1901 BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] index term is derived from ei- BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] UF: korea, south ther the food name appearing UF: clariidae UF: republic of korea on the label or from informa- UF: south korea tion appearing on the label lacertae that is separate from the food USE: LIZARD [B2293] korea, south name. USE: KOREA, REPUBLIC OF [KR] lachnolaimus maximus LABEL CLAIM IN FOOD NAME USE: HOGFISH [B2482] KOSHER CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0161 FTC: P0127 BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] LACQUERED PAPER CONTAINER BT: RELIGION- OR CUSTOMS- SN: Use when the 'claim or use' FTC: M0331 RELATED CLAIM OR USE index term is found in the BT: PAPER CONTAINER, [P0126] name of the food appearing TREATED [M0330] on the label (e.g., 'unbleached KOSHER FOR PASSOVER CLAIM flour' indexed by lactarius OR USE *UNBLEACHED CLAIM OR USE: MILK MUSHROOM [B2074] FTC: P0135 USE*). BT: KOSHER CLAIM OR USE LACTARIUS AQUIFLUUS [P0127] LABEL CLAIM SEPARATE FROM FTC: B2075 FOOD NAME BT: MILK MUSHROOM [B2074] KOSHER MILCHLIG CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0162 UF: lactarius helvus FTC: P0177 BT: LABEL CLAIM [P0059] BT: KOSHER CLAIM OR USE SN: Use when the 'claim or use' LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS [P0127] index term appears on the FTC: B2740 SN: CFSAN thesaurus--used to food label but not in the food BT: MILK MUSHROOM [B2074] indicate a food is kosher but name (e.g., a label for bran UF: orange agaric may contain dairy ingredients. cereal saying 'high in fiber' in- UF: saffron milk cap dexed by *HIGH FIBER KRADON FOOD*). lactarius helvus FTC: B2461 USE: LACTARIUS AQUIFLUUS BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING LABEL OR LABELING CLAIM [B2075] PLANT [B1579] FTC: P0160 BT: P. CONSUMER LACTIC ACID KRAFT OR BROWN PAPER CON- GROUP/DIETARY FTC: B3127 TAINER USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: M0336 SN: Use these descriptors when PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: PAPER CONTAINER, UN- indexing food names for ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TREATED [M0334] which label or labeling infor- UF: E 270 mation is available. 'Labeling' UF: INS 270 KRILL includes all labels and other FTC: B2844 written, printed or graphic ma- LACTIC ACID ADDED BT: DECAPOD [B1998] terial that appears on a prod- FTC: H0552 UF: meganyctiphanes norvegica uct's container or wrapping, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: thysandoessa inermis as well as any such material EUROPEAN COMMU- accompanying a product. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- krill, antarctic TARIUS [H0399] USE: ANTARCTIC KRILL [B1954] LABELING CLAIM UF: E 270 added FTC: P0163 UF: INS 270 added kummel BT: LABEL OR LABELING USE: CARAWAY [B1549] CLAIM [P0160]

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LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- LACTOSE FREE FOOD lama glama AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FTC: P0171 USE: LLAMA [B2741] FATTY ACIDS BT: LACTOSE REDUCED FOOD FTC: B3128 [P0170] LAMB BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1669 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX LACTOSE REDUCED FOOD BT: SHEEP [B1183] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: P0170 UF: E 472b BT: NO OR REDUCED SUGAR LAMB'S LETTUCE UF: INS 472b CLAIM OR USE [P0090] FTC: B1754 BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- LACTOSE REMOVED UF: corn salad (plant) AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FTC: H0295 UF: valerianella olitoria FATTY ACIDS ADDED BT: CARBOHYDRATE RE- FTC: H0553 MOVED [H0266] LAMB'S QUARTER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Used when lactose is re- FTC: B1681 EUROPEAN COMMU- moved from the food product BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- as when washing curd for UF: chenopodium album TARIUS [H0399] cheese preparation. When UF: goosefoot, white UF: E 472b added lactose content is reduced by UF: pigweed UF: INS 472b added enzymatic conversion of lac- UF: white goosefoot tose, use *LACTOSE CON- LACTIC ACID FERMENTED VERTED*. laminaria japonica FTC: H0101 USE: KONBU [B2638] BT: CARBOHYDRATE FER- lactuca sativa MENTED [H0256] USE: LETTUCE [B1390] laminaria longissima UF: cultured USE: KONBU [B2638] UF: pickled by fermentation lactuca sativa var. asparagina USE: CELTUCE [B1728] LAMINATE BAG OR POUCH LACTIC ACID-OTHER AGENT FTC: M0144 FERMENTED lactuca sativa var. augustana BT: LAMINATE CONTAINER FTC: H0107 USE: CELTUCE [B1728] [M0181] BT: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, UF: retortable pouch MULTIPLE COMPONENT lactuca sativa var. cos [H0128] USE: ROMAINE [B2089] LAMINATE CONTAINER FTC: M0181 LACTITOL ladyfinger banana BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- FTC: B3129 USE: DWARF BANANA [B1559] PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX lagenaria siceraria LAMINATE PAPER COEXTRUDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CALABASH GOURD [B1720] WITH PLASTIC UF: E 966 FTC: M0356 UF: INS 966 lagenaria vulgaris BT: PAPER-PLASTIC COMBI- USE: CALABASH GOURD [B1720] NATION [M0355] LACTITOL ADDED FTC: H0554 lagopus spp. LAMINATE TUBE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: PTARMIGAN [B2697] FTC: M0167 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: LAMINATE CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- LAKE HERRING [M0181] TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B1118 UF: E 966 added BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED UF: INS 966 added [B1565] WITH CORK UF: cisco FTC: M0111 LACTOSE UF: coregonus artedii BT: LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] FTC: C0209 UF: tullibee BT: SUGAR [C0108] LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED SN: Used when lactose or a high LAKE TROUT WITH FOIL lactose sweetener is the ma- FTC: B1503 FTC: M0110 jor ingredient. BT: TROUT [B1258] BT: LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] UF: cristivomer namaycush LACTOSE ADDED UF: salvelinus namaycush LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED FTC: H0157 WITH LAMINATE BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP LAKE VICTORIA PERCH FTC: M0109 ADDED [H0136] FTC: B1935 BT: LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] SN: Used when lactose is added BT: SNOOK FAMILY [B1824] at any level. UF: lates niloticus LAMINATE TUBE, UNLINED ALU- MINUM ENDS LACTOSE CONVERTED LAKE WHITEFISH FTC: M0127 FTC: H0203 FTC: B1907 BT: LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] BT: ENZYMATICALLY MODI- BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO FIED [H0252] [B1565] LAMINATE TUBE, UNLINED PLAS- UF: converted (lactose) UF: coregonus clupeaformis TIC ENDS UF: delactosed UF: coregonus makwi FTC: M0138 SN: Used when all or part of the UF: whitefish, lake BT: LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] lactose in milk is converted to glucose and galactose la-kwa LAMINATED ALUMINUM COMBINA- through enzymatic action. USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] TION WITH PAPER FTC: M0300

140 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER lathyrus odoratus WRAPPER [M0296] lannea edulis USE: SWEET PEA [B1487] USE: WILD GRAPE [B2825] LAMINATED PAPER-ALUMINIUM- latrididae PLASTIC WRAPPER lannea velutuna USE: TRUMPETER FAMILY FTC: M0353 USE: WILD GRAPE [B2825] [B1988] BT: PAPER-ALUMINIUM FOIL- PLASTIC WRAPPER lantana latridopsis ciliaris [M0351] USE: YELLOW SAGE [B2783] USE: BASTARD TRUMPETER [B1936] lamna cornubica lantana camara USE: PORBEAGLE [B1978] USE: YELLOW SAGE [B2783] LATVIA FTC: LV lamna nasus LAOS BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] USE: PORBEAGLE [B1978] FTC: LA BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] laurel lamnidae USE: BAY [B1197] USE: MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY laos (spice) [B1915] USE: GREATER GALANGAL laurus nobilis [B2601] USE: BAY [B1197] LAMPREY FTC: B2753 lapa LAVER BT: FISH, JAWLESS [B1164] USE: LIMPET [B2279] FTC: B1745 BT: ALGAE, RED [B1743] LAND CRAB FAMILY LAPPA UF: nori FTC: B2342 FTC: B1646 UF: porphyra umbilicalis BT: CRAB [B1335] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: cangrejos PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR LEAD POISONING UF: gecarcinidae BULB USED [B1018] FTC: LEPO UF: burdock root BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] LAND CRESS FTC: B2873 large lima bean leadtree BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: FORDHOOK LIMA BEAN USE: LEUCAENA [B2443] UF: barbarea verna [B1562] UF: creecy greens LEAF LARGE SCALED BROWN SLICK- FTC: C0200 LANDOLPHIA HEAD BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, FTC: B2807 FTC: B2907 EXCLUDING FRUIT AND BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: SLICKHEAD FAMILY SEED [C0144] CAL FRUIT [B1024] [B2909] SN: The flat or fleshy expanded UF: guinea gumvine UF: alepocephalus spp. blade (lamina) including a UF: landolphia heudelotti SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog small and insignificant leaf- of the Genera of recent stalk but excluding a large landolphia poilu Fishes, California Academy of and fleshy leafstalk such as USE: HAIRY LANDOLPHIA Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scien- celery stalks or rhubarb [B2808] tiric name verifiable, common stalks. If the part indexed name unverified. consists of a large leafstalk landolphia heudelotti and a leaf blade, use *PLANT USE: LANDOLPHIA [B2807] LARGEMOUTH BASS ABOVE SURFACE, EX- FTC: B2182 CLUDING FRUIT OR SEED*. landolphia hirsuta BT: BASS [B2665] Compare *STEM, STALK USE: HAIRY LANDOLPHIA UF: black bass (WITHOUT LEAVES)*. [B2808] UF: micropterus salmoides SN: Source--American Fisheries leaf beet landolphia owariensis Society USE: SWISS CHARD [B1175] USE: WHITE RUBBER VINE [B2809] larrea mexicana LEAF FIBRE CONTAINER USE: CHAPARRAL [B2047] FTC: M0414 landolphia senegalensis BT: NATURAL TEXTILE CON- USE: GUMVINE [B2792] larrea tridentata TAINER [M0409] USE: CHAPARRAL [B2047] langka leaf mustard USE: JACKFRUIT [B1545] lates calcarifer USE: BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] USE: BARRAMUNDI PERCH LANGOSTINO [B2872] LEAF WRAPPER FTC: B2486 FTC: M0205 BT: SQUAT LOBSTER FAMILY lates niloticus BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- [B2162] USE: LAKE VICTORIA PERCH PING, OTHER [M0004] [B1935] LANGOSTINO AMARILLO leaf, flower, root or stem FTC: B2206 LATEX USE: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR BT: LANGOSTINO [B2486] FTC: N0054 FLOWER [C0148] UF: cervinumida johni BT: VINYLIDENE [N0029] LEAF, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE languas lathyrus aphaca FTC: N0048 USE: GREATER GALANGAL USE: MATRIE [B2473] [B2601] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 141

BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE USE: DEEPSEA WHIPTAIL FROM NATURAL MATERIAL LEG (POULTRY MEAT CUT) [B2898] [N0050] FTC: Z0159 BT: CUT OF POULTRY MEAT lepiota naucina LEAFY VEGETABLE [Z0156] USE: WHITE LEPIOTA [B2117] FTC: B1566 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING leg meat, poultry lepisosteidae PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND USE: DARK MEAT [Z0002] USE: GAR FAMILY [B1893] PARTS USED [B1057] leiostomus xanthurus lepista nudum LEATHERJACKET USE: SPOT [B1256] USE: WOOD BLEWIT [B2522] FTC: B2146 BT: JACK [B1044] LEMON lepista spp. FTC: B1275 USE: BLEWIT [B2521] LEATHERJACKET FAMILY BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] FTC: B2138 UF: citrus limon lepomis gibbosus BT: FISH, TETRAODONTIFORM UF: citrus medica var. limonum USE: PUMPKINSEED [B2403] [B1977] UF: balistidae lemon balm lepomis spp. USE: BALM, LEMON [B2621] USE: SUNFISH [B1419] LEAVENING AGENT FTC: A0428 LEMON GRASS lepus spp. BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B2273 USE: HARE [B2695] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- [A0351] PRODUCING PLANT LESOTHO AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [B1179] FTC: LS per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome UF: cymbopogon citratus BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: fever grass [QM04] UF: west indian lemongrass LEBANON less salt added claim or use FTC: LB LEMON SOLE USE: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] FTC: B2647 SODIUM CLAIM OR USE BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER [P0077] lebranche mullet FAMILY [B1856] USE: LIZA [B2359] less, label claim LEMON VERBENA USE: "LESS" LABEL CLAIM leccinum scabrum FTC: B2953 [P0131] USE: ROUGH STEMMED BO- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- LETUS [B2738] PRODUCING PLANT LESSER GALANGAL [B1179] FTC: B2938 lechoza BT: GALANGAL [B2971] USE: PAPAYA [B1249] lens culinaris USE: LENTIL [B1268] lethrinus spp. LECITHINS USE: EMPEROR [B2859] FTC: B3130 LENTIL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1268 LETTUCE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE FTC: B1390 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B1156] BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] UF: E 322 UF: lens culinaris UF: lactuca sativa UF: INS 322 lentinus edodes LEUCAENA LECITHINS ADDED USE: SHIITAKE MUSHROOM FTC: B2443 FTC: H0555 [B1635] BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SOURCE [B1347] EUROPEAN COMMU- leopard palm UF: ipil-ipil NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: DEVILS TONGUE [B2344] UF: jumbie bean TARIUS [H0399] UF: leadtree UF: E 322 added lepas psittacus UF: INS 322 added USE: BARNACLE [B2127] leuciscus idus USE: IDE [B2713] LEEK lepidium campestre FTC: B1308 USE: FIELD CRESS [B1082] leucoagricus naucina BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING USE: WHITE LEPIOTA [B2117] PLANT, MOST PARTS lepidium sativum USED [B1058] USE: GARDEN CRESS [B2270] levulose UF: allium ampeloprasum var. USE: FRUCTOSE [C0223] porrum lepidocybium flavobrunneum USE: ESCOLAR [B1821] LIBERIA LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAMILY FTC: LR FTC: B1879 lepidopsetta bilineata BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] BT: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM USE: ROCK SOLE [B1868] [B1023] LIBYA UF: bothidae lepidopus caudatus FTC: LY USE: SILVER SCABBARDFISH BT: AFRICA, NORTHERN leg (meat cut) [B2902] [QM03] USE: ROUND OR LEG (MEAT CUT) [Z0024] lepidorhynchus denticulatus LICHEN

142 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: B2345 UF: lilium spp. BT: SHORE, MARSH AND BT: ALGAE, BACTERIA OR TALON CRAB FAMILY FUNGUS USED AS FOOD LIMA BEAN [B2220] SOURCE [B1215] FTC: B1397 UF: pachygrapsus crassipes BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) LICORICE [B1567] LING FTC: B2048 UF: phaseolus limensis FTC: B2144 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] PRODUCING PLANT lima bean and corn UF: molva molva [B1179] USE: SUCCOTASH [B1361] UF: glycyrrhiza glabra LINGCOD lima bean and sweet corn FTC: B1384 LIECHTENSTEIN USE: SUCCOTASH [B1361] BT: GREENLING FAMILY FTC: LI [B1811] BT: EUROPE, WESTERN lima bean, corn and tomatoes UF: ophiodon elongatus [QR04] USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH [B1606] LINGONBERRY (COWBERRY) LIGHT CREAM FTC: B1019 FTC: C0160 lima bean, large BT: BERRY, VACCINIUM BT: CREAM [C0195] USE: FORDHOOK LIMA BEAN [B1614] UF: coffee cream [B1562] UF: cowberry UF: cream, light UF: vaccinium vitis-idaea var. UF: table cream lima bean, sweet corn and tomatoes minus SN: Cream containing not less USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH than 18% but less than 30% [B1606] linum usitatissimum milkfat; a product labeled USE: FLAX [B1700] *LIGHT CREAM* may contain lima beans and corn optional ingredients specified USE: SUCCOTASH [B1361] lionfish by 21 CFR 131.155. USE: PLUMED SCORPIONFISH limanda ferruginea [B2608] LIGHT FISH FLESH USE: YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER FTC: Z0057 [B1872] lip meat BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] [Z0055] limanda proboscidea SN: This color designation de- USE: LONGHEAD DAB [B1860] liparis spp. scribes tuna flesh that is not USE: [B1955] darker than munsell value 5.3 LIME (CITRUS) (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4) (ii)). FTC: B1067 LIPOLYTIC FERMENTED BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] FTC: H0127 LIGHT MEAT UF: citrus aurantifolia BT: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, FTC: Z0004 UF: citrus medica var. acida SINGLE COMPONENT BT: COLOR OF POULTRY [H0230] MEAT [Z0006] LIMPET UF: breast meat, poultry FTC: B2279 lippia graveolens UF: wing meat, poultry BT: ARCHAEOGASTROPOD USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN SN: Used only for poultry meat [B1002] [B2262] that comes from the breast or UF: cellana denticulata wing. UF: lapa lippia micromera UF: USE: SPANISH THYME [B2134] LIGHT WHIPPING CREAM UF: FTC: C0154 LIQUEUR BT: CREAM [C0195] limpet, giant owl FTC: A0240 UF: whipping cream USE: OWL LIMPET [B2357] BT: DISTINCTIVE DISTILLED SN: Cream that contains not less SPIRITS [A0200] than 30% but less than 36% LINDEN UF: cordial milkfat. FTC: B2051 SN: Alcoholic beverage produced BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- by combining a spirit (fre- LIGHT WINE, 7-14% ALCOHOL PRODUCING PLANT quently brandy) with flavoring FTC: A0299 [B1179] and sugar. May be grouped BT: WINE, 7-24% ALCOHOL UF: tilia spp. into five categories: fruits, [A0205] seeds, herbs, peels and UF: sparkling wine (U.S.) LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETH- cremes. Examples of each UF: table wine (U.S.) YLENE CONTAINER include cherry heering, ani- SN: Wine containing 7-14% alco- FTC: M0371 sette, chartreuse, curacao hol. BT: LOW DENSITY POLYETH- and creme de menthe (27 YLENE CONTAINER CFR 5.22(h)). light, label claim [M0370] USE: "LIGHT" LABEL CLAIM LIQUID [P0132] LINEAR POLYESTER CONTAINER FTC: E0130 FTC: M0366 BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, lilium spp. BT: POLYESTER CONTAINER SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] USE: LILY [B2451] [M0364] UF: fluid SN: A state of matter between a LILY LINED SHORE CRAB solid and a gas, in which a FTC: B2451 FTC: B2221 substance has the capacity to BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD flow and conforms to the SOURCE [B1347] shape of the container. Liq- LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 143

uids range from water to whipping cream and some BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, honey, corresponding to a heavy liqueurs. The range of EUROPEAN COMMU- range in viscosity (or apparent low viscosity liquid spans su- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- viscosity) from 1 to 500 centi- crose solutions between 0 TARIUS [H0399] poise (viscosity is a measure and 45% solids (viscosity UF: E 180 added of a liquid's resistance to range from 1 to 10 centi- UF: INS 180 added flow). Products that are pour- poise). Prefer 'solid pieces' able but have a higher viscos- factor term to 'small particles' LITHUANIA ity are *SEMILIQUID*. if both appear in the food. FTC: LT BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] LIQUID AS FOOD SOURCE LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH NO FTC: B2974 VISIBLE PARTICLES LITTLE RADISH BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] FTC: E0123 FTC: B2960 BT: LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY BT: RADISH [B1315] LIQUID FREEZANT [E0109] FTC: A0429 LITTLELEAF LINDEN BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH FTC: B2966 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS SMALL PARTICLES BT: LINDEN [B2051] [A0351] FTC: E0114 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY littorina littorea per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome [E0109] USE: COMMON PERIWINKLE 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 [B2717] LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH LIQUID INJECTED SOLID PIECES FTC: H0275 FTC: E0149 USE: PERIWINKLE FAMILY BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY [B2925] MODIFIED [H0130] [E0109] UF: prebasted LIVER SN: Used when liquid is injected liquid, thick FTC: C0176 into a meat or poultry is pre- USE: LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY BT: ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE basted. Do not confuse with [E0102] SYSTEM [C0106] *WATER ADDED*. liquid, thin LIVER OIL LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY USE: LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY FTC: C0301 FTC: E0102 [E0109] BT: FAT OR OIL [C0190] BT: LIQUID [E0130] AI: The oil or fat UF: liquid, thick liquid, very thick produced by extracting the lip- SN: A liquid that flows slowly at USE: SEMILIQUID [E0103] ids from liver, usually fish liver room temperature. Examples (e.g. cod liver oil, haddock are: some heavy liqueurs, liquor, alcoholic liver oil, shark oil) /AM evaporated milk, vegetable USE: DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] oil, molasses and honey. The LIZA range of high viscosity liquids litchee FTC: B2359 spans sucrose solutions be- USE: LITCHI [B1212] BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] tween 45 and 70% solids UF: lebranche mullet (viscosity range from 10 to LITCHI UF: mugil brasiliensis 500 centipoise). Prefer 'solid FTC: B1212 UF: mugil liza pieces' factor term to 'small BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- particles' if both appear in the CAL FRUIT [B1024] LIZARD food. UF: litchee FTC: B2293 UF: litchi chinensis BT: REPTILE [B1625] LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH UF: litchi nut UF: lacertae NO VISIBLE PARTICLES UF: nephelium litchi FTC: E0139 LIZARDFISH FAMILY BT: LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY litchi chinensis FTC: B2498 [E0102] USE: LITCHI [B1212] BT: FISH, AULOPIFORM [B2497] UF: synodontidae LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH litchi nut SMALL PARTICLES USE: LITCHI [B1212] LLAMA FTC: E0121 FTC: B2741 BT: LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY lithodes aequispina BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) [E0102] USE: GOLDEN CRAB [B2343] [B1134] UF: lama glama LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH lithodidae SOLID PIECES USE: STONE AND KING CRAB LOBSTER FTC: E0138 FAMILY [B2209] FTC: B1505 BT: LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY BT: DECAPOD [B1998] [E0102] LITHOLRUBINE BK UF: homarus spp. FTC: B3131 UF: panulirus spp. LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: E0109 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX locust bean BT: LIQUID [E0130] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CAROB BEAN [B1366] UF: liquid, thin UF: E 180 SN: A liquid that flows very easily UF: INS 180 LOCUST BEAN GUM at room temperature. Exam- FTC: B3132 ples are: water, apple juice, LITHOLRUBINE BK ADDED sherry, acidophilus milk, FTC: H0556

144 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: TUNA [B1269] BT: NO OR REDUCED CALO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: neothunnus rarus RIES CLAIM OR USE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: northern bluefin tuna [P0066] UF: E 410 UF: thunnus tonggol SN: Food having 40 calories or UF: INS 410 less per amount customarily LOOKDOWN DORY consumed (and per 50 grams locust bean gum added FTC: B2903 of food if the amount custom- USE: CAROB BEAN GUM ADDED BT: DORY FAMILY [B1891] arily consumed is small). [H0377] UF: cyttus traversi Meals and main dishes con- tain 120 calories or less per LOCUST BEAN GUM ADDED LOOSE LEAF LETTUCE 100 grams of food. FTC: H0557 FTC: B2087 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: LETTUCE [B1390] LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE EUROPEAN COMMU- CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- loose-skinned orange FTC: M0370 TARIUS [H0399] USE: MANDARIN ORANGE BT: POLYETHYLENE CON- UF: E 410 added [B1429] TAINER [M0367] UF: INS 410 added lophiidae LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE LOGANBERRY USE: GOOSEFISH FAMILY CONTAINER, TREATED FTC: B1401 [B2405] FTC: M0372 BT: BLACKBERRY [B1407] BT: LOW DENSITY POLYETH- UF: rubus ursinus var. loganobac- lophius piscatorius YLENE CONTAINER cus cv. logan USE: MONKFISH [B2401] [M0370]

LOIN LOQUAT LOW FAT FOOD FTC: Z0031 FTC: B1244 FTC: P0039 BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: NO OR REDUCED FAT CAL FRUIT [B1024] CLAIM OR USE [P0069] long pepper UF: eriobotrya japonica SN: Food having 3 grams of fat or USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] UF: japanese medlar less per amount customarily UF: japanese plum (eriobotrya) consumed (and per 50 grams LONG WHISKERED CATFISH FAM- of food if the amount custom- ILY LOQUAT arily consumed is small). FTC: B1969 FTC: B1244 Meals and main dishes con- BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] tain 3 grams or less fat per UF: pimelodidae UF: eriobotrya japonica 100 grams of food and not UF: japanese medlar more than 30% of calories LONGAN UF: japanese plum (eriobotrya) from fat. FTC: B1628 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- lota lota LOW FIBER FOOD CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: BURBOT [B1627] FTC: P0063 UF: dimocarpus longan BT: FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR UF: dragon eyes lota maculosa USE [P0049] UF: euphorbia longan USE: BURBOT [B1627] UF: lungan LOW IN CHOLESTEROL FOOD UF: nephelium longanum lotella rhacina FTC: P0043 USE: ROCK COD [B2145] BT: NO OR REDUCED CHO- LONGFIN MAKO SHARK LESTEROL CLAIM OR USE FTC: B2472 lottia gigantea [P0149] BT: MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY USE: OWL LIMPET [B2357] SN: Food having 20 miligrams or [B1915] less cholesterol per amount UF: isurus paucus LOTUS customarily consumed (and FTC: B1216 per 50 grams of food if the LONG-FINNED EEL BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] amount customarily con- FTC: B2672 sumed is small). Meals and BT: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY LOUISIANA main dishes contain 20 milli- [B2545] FTC: US22 grams or less cholesterol per UF: anguilla dieffenbachii BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES 100 grams of food. If the food [US63] qualifies by special process- LONGHEAD DAB ing and total fat exceeds 13 FTC: B1860 louisiana crayfish grams per amount and la- BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER USE: RED SWAMP CRAYFISH beled serving, the amount of FAMILY [B1856] [B2231] cholesterol must be 'substan- UF: dab, longhead tially less' (25%) than in a UF: limanda proboscidea LOVAGE comparable food with signifi- FTC: B2952 cant market share (5% of longhi BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- market). USE: GAMBEYA [B2790] PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] LOW IN SATURATED FAT FOOD LONGLEGGED SPINY LOBSTER FTC: P0057 FTC: B2169 love apple BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED BT: SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] USE: TOMATO [B1276] CLAIM OR USE [P0071] UF: panulirus longipes SN: Food having one gram or less LOW CALORIE FOOD saturated fat per amount cus- LONGTAIL TUNA FTC: P0033 tomarily consumed and 15% FTC: B1004 or less of calories from satu- LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 145

rated fat. Meals and main USE: SAPOTE [B1694] lutjanus argentiventris dishes contain one gram or USE: AMARILLO SNAPPER less saturated fat per 100 luffa [B1801] grams food and less than USE: DISHCLOTH GOURD 10% of calories from satu- [B1721] lutjanus blackfordi rated fat. USE: RED SNAPPER [B1089] luffa aegyptiaca LOW SALT FOOD USE: DISHCLOTH GOURD lutjanus buccanella FTC: P0083 [B1721] USE: BLACKFIN SNAPPER BT: LOW SALT OR SODIUM [B1799] FOOD [P0038] luffa cylindrica USE: DISHCLOTH GOURD lutjanus campechanus LOW SALT OR SODIUM FOOD [B1721] USE: RED SNAPPER [B1089] FTC: P0038 BT: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR lulo lutjanus colorado SODIUM CLAIM OR USE USE: NARANJILLA [B2062] USE: COLORADO SNAPPER [P0077] [B1804] UF: low sodium or salt food LUMPFISH SN: Food having 140 milligrams FTC: B1823 lutjanus gibbus or less salt or sodium per BT: SNAILFISH FAMILY [B1822] USE: HUMPBACK SNAPPER amount customarily con- UF: cyclopterus lumpus [B1806] sumed. Meals and main dishes have 140 milligrams or LUNAR FUSILIER lutjanus griseus less salt or sodium per 100 FTC: B2604 USE: GRAY SNAPPER [B1168] grams food. BT: FUSILIER [B2603] UF: fusilier, lunar lutjanus guttatus LOW SODIUM FOOD USE: SPOTTED ROSE SNAPPER FTC: P0156 luncheon meat [B1803] BT: LOW SALT OR SODIUM USE: SAUSAGE OR LUNCHEON FOOD [P0038] MEAT [A0221] lutjanus inermis SN: Foods having 140 milligrams USE: GOLDEN SNAPPER [B2148] or less sodium per amount LUNG customarily consumed (and FTC: C0187 lutjanus johnii per 50 grams of food if the BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER USE: JOHN'S SNAPPER [B2313] amount customarily con- SYSTEMS [C0255] sumed is small). Meals and lutjanus malabaricus main dishes have 140 milli- lungan USE: MALABAR SNAPPER grams sodium per 100 grams USE: LONGAN [B1628] [B1805] of food. LUPINE BEAN lutjanus pensacolae low sodium or salt food FTC: B1701 USE: RED SNAPPER [B1089] USE: LOW SALT OR SODIUM BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT FOOD [P0038] [B1017] lutjanus peru UF: lupnius spp. USE: PACIFIC SNAPPER [B2149] LOW SUGARS FOOD FTC: P0062 LUPINE BEAN lutjanus purpureus BT: NO OR REDUCED SUGAR FTC: B1701 USE: CARIBBEAN RED SNAP- CLAIM OR USE [P0090] BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) PER [B2150] SN: Not defined in Federal Regis- [B1567] ter; no basis for a recom- UF: lupnius spp. lutjanus quinquelineatus mended intake. USE: FIVE-LINED SNAPPER lupnius spp. [B1981] LOW-ALCOHOL WINE, .5-7% AL- USE: LUPINE BEAN [B1701] COHOL lutjanus sanguineus FTC: A0298 LUTEIN USE: BLOOD SNAPPER [B2256] BT: WINE OR WINE-LIKE FTC: B3133 PRODUCT, .5-24% ALCO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- LUTJANUS SILLA HOL [A0297] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2381 SN: Wine or wine-like product ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] containing .5-7% alcohol. UF: E 161b UF: INS 161b lutjanus spp. loxechimus spp. USE: SNAPPER [B1510] USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] LUTEIN ADDED FTC: H0558 lutjanus vivanus lubia bean BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: SILK SNAPPER [B1800] USE: HYACINTH BEAN [B1725] EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- LUXEMBOURG lucerne TARIUS [H0399] FTC: LU USE: ALFALFA [B1359] UF: E 161b added BT: EUROPE, WESTERN UF: INS 161b added [QR04] lucioperca USE: PIKE PERCH [B1399] lutjanidae LYCOPENE USE: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] FTC: B3134 lucioperca sandra BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: ZANDER [B2387] lutjanus analis PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: MUTTON SNAPPER [B1802] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] lucuma mammosa UF: E 160d

146 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: INS 160d other ingredients. Macaroni, BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN spaghetti and vermicelli may [QM04] LYCOPENE ADDED have *EGG WHITE ADDED*, UF: malagasy republic FTC: H0559 but not egg yolk. Noodles, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, egg macaroni, egg spaghetti madagascar plum EUROPEAN COMMU- and egg vermicelli have USE: GOVERNOR'S PLUM NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- *EGG YOLK ADDED* and [B2789] TARIUS [H0399] should be so indexed. This re- UF: E 160d added fers to macaroni or noodles made from concentrate UF: INS 160d added used as ingredients; excludes USE: REHYDRATED [H0259] *PASTA DISH*, which is lycopersicon esculentum found under *PREPARED madhuca latifolia USE: TOMATO [B1276] FOOD PRODUCT* (21 CFR USE: ILLIPE [B2110] 139). lycopersicon lycopersicum mafourere USE: TOMATO [B1276] MACAU USE: BITTERWOOD [B2793] FTC: MO lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasi- BT: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] MAFURRA forme FTC: B2329 USE: MINIATURE TOMATO MACE BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [B1608] FTC: B1321 [B1017] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: trichilia emetica lycopersicon lycopersicum var. pyri- PRODUCING PLANT forme [B1179] MAGNESIUM CARBONATE USE: PEAR TOMATO [B1107] FTC: B3136 machuelo BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- LYSOZYME USE: PERUVIAN MENHADEN PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B3135 [B2176] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 504 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MACKEREL UF: INS 504 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1043 UF: E 1105 BT: MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] MAGNESIUM CARBONATE ADDED UF: INS 1105 UF: cybium FTC: H0561 UF: scomber BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, LYSOZYME ADDED UF: scomberomorus EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0560 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, MACKEREL FAMILY TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B1426 UF: E 504 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: INS 504 added TARIUS [H0399] UF: scombridae UF: E 1105 added MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE UF: INS 1105 added mackerel pike FTC: B3137 USE: PACIFIC SAURY [B1890] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- M. CONTAINER OR WRAPPING PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: M0100 MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- FTC: B1915 UF: E 511 SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT BT: FISH, LAMNIFORM [B2553] UF: INS 511 USE descriptor in indexing. UF: lamnidae Use a more precise narrower MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ADDED term. mackerel, atlantic FTC: H0562 SN: Type of container or wrapping USE: ATLANTIC MACKEREL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, defined by the main container [B1790] EUROPEAN COMMU- material, the container form, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- and the material of the liner macrocallista maculata TARIUS [H0399] lids or ends. Also type of con- USE: CALICO CLAM [B2319] UF: E 511 added tainer or wrapping by form; UF: INS 511 added prefer description by material macropus spp. first, then by form. USE: KANGAROO [B2092] MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE FTC: B3138 MACADAMIA macrouridae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1451 USE: GRENADIER FAMILY PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [B2899] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CAL NUT [B1022] UF: E 625 UF: macadamia spp. macrourus spp. UF: INS 625 USE: GRENADIER [B2897] macadamia spp. MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE USE: MACADAMIA [B1451] macrozoarces americanus ADDED USE: OCEAN POUT [B1845] FTC: H0563 MACARONI OR NOODLE PROD- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UCT macruronus novaezelandiae EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: A0275 USE: HOKI [B1838] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: PREPARED GRAIN OR TARIUS [H0399] STARCH PRODUCT [A0106] mactra sachalinensis UF: E 625 added SN: A prepared grain or starch USE: HEN CLAM [B2590] UF: INS 625 added product made by forming units of dough composed of MADAGASCAR MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE one or more flours, water and FTC: MG FTC: B3139 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 147

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- MALABAR SNAPPER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MAGNESIUM SILICATE ADDED FTC: B1805 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0568 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] UF: E 528 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: lutjanus malabaricus UF: INS 528 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: snapper, malabar red NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED TARIUS [H0399] malacanthidae FTC: H0564 UF: E 553a added USE: TILEFISH FAMILY [B1923] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 553a added EUROPEAN COMMU- malaclemys NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE USE: TURTLE [B1242] TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3144 UF: E 528 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- malademys spp. UF: INS 528 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B2413] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CAR- UF: E 553a BONATE UF: INS 553a malagasy republic FTC: B3140 USE: MADAGASCAR [MG] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0569 MALANGA ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1499 UF: E 504 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: INS 504 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR TARIUS [H0399] BULB USED [B1018] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CAR- UF: E 553a added UF: ocumo BONATE ADDED UF: INS 553a added UF: tanier FTC: H0565 UF: tannia BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, maguey UF: tanyah EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: CENTURY PLANT [B2002] UF: xanthosoma NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] mahi mahi MALAWI UF: E 504 added USE: DOLPHIN [B1917] FTC: MW UF: INS 504 added BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN maia [QM04] MAGNESIUM OXIDE USE: NEW ZEALAND SPIDER FTC: B3141 CRAB [B2105] MALAYSIA BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: MY PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MAINE BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: US23 UF: E 530 BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES MALDIVES UF: INS 530 [US62] FTC: MV BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS MAGNESIUM OXIDE ADDED maize [QS] FTC: H0566 USE: CORN [B1232] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, MALI EUROPEAN COMMU- maja FTC: ML NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: NEW ZEALAND SPIDER BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] TARIUS [H0399] CRAB [B2105] UF: E 530 added MALIC ACID UF: INS 530 added majidae FTC: B3145 USE: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY [B2222] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ACIDS ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3142 makaira nigricans UF: E 296 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: BLUE MARLIN [B2325] UF: INS 296 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] makaira spp. MALIC ACID ADDED UF: E 470b USE: MARLIN [B1243] FTC: H0570 UF: INS 470b BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, MAKO SHARK EUROPEAN COMMU- MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY FTC: B2470 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ACIDS ADDED BT: MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0567 [B1915] UF: E 296 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: isurus spp. UF: INS 296 added EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- malabar black pepper malka TARIUS [H0399] USE: PEPPER, BLACK [B1191] USE: CLOUDBERRY [B2029] UF: E 470b added UF: INS 470b added MALABAR NIGHTSHADE mallotus villosus FTC: B1150 USE: CAPELIN [B1903] MAGNESIUM SILICATE BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: B3143 UF: basella alba malpighia glabra BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: vine spinach USE: ACEROLA [B1360] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] malabar plum malpighia marginata UF: E 553a USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] USE: ACEROLA [B1360] UF: INS 553a

148 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

MALT BEVERAGE USE: APPLE [B1245] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: A0195 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE malus coronaria UF: garcinia mangostana [A0278] USE: CRABAPPLE [B1488] SN: Alcoholic beverage prepared manihot esculenta from water, malted grain and malus sylvestris USE: CASSAVA [B1352] hops (humulus) by brewing. USE: APPLE [B1245] Examples are beer, ale and manilkara zapota malt liquor (27 CFR 7.10). malvinas USE: SAPODILLA [B1693] USE: FALKLAND ISLANDS [FK] malt beverage, nonalcoholic MANITOBA USE: NONALCOHOLIC BEVER- mamey FTC: CA03 AGE [A0112] USE: MAMMY APPLE [B1685] BT: CANADA [CA]

MALTA mamey colorado MANNITOL FTC: MT USE: SAPOTE [B1694] FTC: B3148 BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [QR03] mamey sapote PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SAPOTE [B1694] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] MALTITOL UF: E 421 FTC: B3146 MAMMEA UF: INS 421 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2810 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- MANNITOL ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: H0304 UF: E 965 UF: mammea africana BT: SUGAR ALCOHOL ADDED UF: INS 965 [H0302] mammea africana SN: Used when mannitol is added MALTITOL ADDED USE: MAMMEA [B2810] at any level. FTC: H0571 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, mammea americana MANNITOL ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: MAMMY APPLE [B1685] FTC: H0573 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] mammee sapote EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 965 added USE: SAPOTE [B1694] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 965 added TARIUS [H0399] MAMMY APPLE UF: E 421 added MALTITOL SYRUP FTC: B1685 UF: INS 421 added FTC: B3147 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- CAL FRUIT [B1024] MANTA FAMILY PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: mamey FTC: B2298 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: mammea americana BT: FISH, RAJIFORM [B1968] UF: E 965 UF: south american apricot UF: mobulidae UF: INS 965 mamoncillo manzanilla olive MALTITOL SYRUP ADDED USE: SPANISH LIME [B1468] USE: OLIVE [B1299] FTC: H0572 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, MANDARIN ORANGE MAPLE SYRUP ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B1429 FTC: H0282 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR TARIUS [H0399] UF: citrus deliciosa SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED UF: E 965 added UF: citrus nobilus [H0280] UF: INS 965 added UF: citrus reticulata UF: citrus unshia maranta arundinacea MALTODEXTRIN UF: loose-skinned orange USE: ARROWROOT [B2400] FTC: C0282 UF: tangerine BT: CARBOHYDRATE [C0152] marbola plum mangifera indica USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] MALTODEXTRIN ADDED USE: MANGO [B1270] FTC: H0315 MARCREUSE BT: CARBOHYDRATE ADDED MANGO FTC: Z0134 [H0209] FTC: B1270 BT: RAQUETTE [Z0131] UF: hydrolyzed cereal solids BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- added CAL FRUIT [B1024] MARGARINE UF: indian mango FTC: A0231 MALTOSE UF: mangifera indica BT: BUTTER PRODUCT ANA- FTC: C0206 LOG [A0294] BT: SUGAR [C0108] MANGO MELON SN: Food product having func- SN: Used when maltose or a high FTC: B2042 tional characteristics similar to maltose sweetener is the ma- BT: MELON [B1283] those of butter; it is in plastic jor ingredient. UF: garden lemon form or liquid emulsion and UF: melon apple contains not less than 80% MALTOSE ADDED UF: orange melon fat whose origin is vegetable FTC: H0155 UF: vegetable orange or rendered animal carcass BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP UF: vine peach fats or a mixture of these as ADDED [H0136] well as other optional ingredi- MANGOSTEEN ents specified by 21 CFR malus communis FTC: B2037 166.110. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 149

BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES MARGARINE ADDED [B1134] [US60] FTC: H0272 BT: FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] MARJORAM, POT mashed FTC: B1097 USE: SEMISOLID WITH SMOOTH MARGIN JACKKNIFE BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- CONSISTENCY [E0119] FTC: B2716 PRODUCING PLANT BT: CLAM [B1331] [B1179] masou salmon UF: razor clam UF: origanum heracleoticum USE: CHERRY SALMON [B1108] UF: solen marginatus UF: origanum onites MASSACHUSETTS marianas islands marjoram, sweet FTC: US25 USE: NORTHERN MARIANA IS- USE: SWEET MARJORAM BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES LANDS [MP] [B1609] [US62]

MARIHUANA PLANT marjoram, wild ma-tai water chestnut FTC: B2323 USE: OREGANO [B1542] USE: WATER CHESTNUT [B1026] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [B1017] MARLIN MATE UF: cannabis sativa FTC: B1243 FTC: B2059 BT: BILLFISH FAMILY [B1518] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- MARINA WEST COAST CLIMATIC UF: makaira spp. PRODUCING PLANT ZONE UF: tetrapturus spp. [B1179] FTC: CLZ08 UF: ilex paraguariensis BT: MILD CLIMATIC ZONE marling UF: paraguay tea [CLZ07] USE: WHITING [B1640] UF: yerba mate

MARINADED marmalade MATERIAL OF CONTACT PRIOR FTC: H0396 USE: FRUIT PRESERVE OR JAM TO PACKAGING BT: ALCOHOL-ACETIC ACID [A0251] FTC: Z0077 FERMENTED [H0123] BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- SN: Used when a food such as MARMALADE BOX ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] meat, fish or vegetables are FTC: B2662 soaked in a seasoned liquid BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- MATRIE in order to absorb flavor and, CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B2473 in some instances, to be ten- UF: genipa americana BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- derized. Most marinades con- UF: genipap VARS [B1001] tain an acid (lemon juice, UF: lathyrus aphaca vinegar, wine) and herbs or marmalade fruit SN: Eaten in the immature state in spices; the acid ingredient USE: SAPOTE [B1694] europe and the orient. serves as the tenderizer. marmalade plum mature MARINADED USE: SAPOTE [B1694] USE: RIPE OR MATURE [Z0052] FTC: H0396 BT: SPICE OR HERB ADDED marmota monax MATURITY OR RIPENESS UN- [H0151] USE: WOODCHUCK [B1576] KNOWN SN: Used when a food such as FTC: Z0205 meat, fish or vegetables are maroola nut BT: DEGREE OF PLANT MA- soaked in a seasoned liquid USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] TURITY [Z0050] in order to absorb flavor and, in some instances, to be ten- marrow bean MAURITANIA derized. Most marinades con- USE: BEAN (VEGETABLE) FTC: MR tain an acid (lemon juice, [B1567] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] vinegar, wine) and herbs or spices; the acid ingredient marrow, vegetable MAURITIUS serves as the tenderizer. USE: VEGETABLE MARROW FTC: MU [B2031] BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS MARINADED [QS] FTC: H0396 MARSHALL ISLANDS BT: ACIDIFIED [H0200] FTC: MH maw (mammal) SN: Used when a food such as BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: STOMACH [C0211] meat, fish or vegetables are [QU] soaked in a seasoned liquid mayom in order to absorb flavor and, MARTINIQUE USE: OTAHEITE GOOSEBERRY in some instances, to be ten- FTC: MQ [B2360] derized. Most marinades con- BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS tain an acid (lemon juice, [QO01] mcdonald islands vinegar, wine) and herbs or USE: HEARD AND MCDONALD spices; the acid ingredient marula ISLANDS [HM] serves as the tenderizer. USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] meadow fescue marine crayfish marumi kumquat USE: REED FESCUE [B2338] USE: SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] USE: ROUND KUMQUAT [B2775] MEADOW MUSHROOM MARINE MAMMAL MARYLAND FTC: B2023 FTC: B1122 FTC: US24 BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] UF: agaricus campestris

150 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

meat grade p MEDIUM GROUND AND SIFTED MEAGRE USE: GRADE P, EUROPE [Z0070] (BOLTED) FTC: B2863 FTC: E0101 BT: DRUM [B1204] meat grade r BT: MEDIUM GROUND [E0117] UF: sciaena aquila USE: GRADE R, EUROPE [Z0068] UF: bolted UF: sifted (bolted) meal meat grade u USE: MEDIUM GROUND [E0117] USE: GRADE U, EUROPE [Z0067] medium red salmon USE: COHO SALMON [B1117] MEAL REPLACEMENT MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT (FROM FTC: A0274 MAMMAL) MEDLAR BT: DIETARY OR THERAPEU- FTC: A0150 FTC: B2014 TIC FORMULATION [A0309] BT: MEAT, POULTRY, SEA- BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT UF: breakfast squares FOOD OR RELATED [B1599] UF: energy food stick PRODUCT [A0217] UF: mespilus germanica UF: instant breakfast SN: Meat (flesh and organs in- SN: Formulated and often nutri- cluding blood and bone mar- medusae tionally controlled product row) from mammals. Used for USE: JELLYFISH [B2408] marketed for consumption in meat in all forms including place of a conventional meal. cured meat, sausage or meganyctiphanes norvegica The product may be used as luncheon meat and meat USE: KRILL [B2844] the sole or major source of product analogs. nourishment. It is frequently MEGRIM offered in a form convenient MEAT PART FTC: B2710 to use. Includes infant for- FTC: C0103 BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- mula, products designed for BT: ANIMAL BODY OR BODY ILY [B1879] weight loss, instant breakfast, PART [C0127] interal and parenteral com- SN: Edible flesh of any type of melanogrammus aeglefinus plete nutrition solutions, etc. animal, including poultry and USE: HADDOCK [B1441] seafood. Excludes animal fat, MEAT ADDED which is indexed under *FAT melia azedarach FTC: H0191 OR OIL* or under *FAT, USE: CHINABERRY [B2157] BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] TRIM*. UF: skeletal meat added melicoccus bijugatus MEAT PRODUCT ANALOG USE: SPANISH LIME [B1468] MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS FTC: A0132 FTC: A0459 BT: MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT melilot AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 (FROM MAMMAL) [A0150] USE: SWEET CLOVER [B2332] UF: imitation meat MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS SN: Food product having func- melilotus FTC: A0633 tional characteristics similar to USE: SWEET CLOVER [B2332] AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 a meat product; it may be nu- tritionally equivalent or inferior melissa officinalis MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) to the product it purports to USE: BALM, LEMON [B2621] FTC: B1134 resemble. Typically these BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD products are soybean-based. MELLORINE SOURCE [B1297] FTC: A0232 meat, cured BT: ICE CREAM PRODUCT MEAT COLOR, MIXTURE USE: CURED MEAT [A0279] ANALOG [A0159] FTC: Z0054 SN: Frozen dairy dessert pro- BT: COLOR OF POULTRY MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD OR duced by freezing while stir- MEAT [Z0006] RELATED PRODUCT ring a pasteurized mix of in- SN: Used only for mixtures of FTC: A0217 gredients including, but not white and dark poultry meat. BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA limited to, milk derived nonfat [A0289] solids, animal or vegetable fat MEAT COLOR, UNDESIGNATED SN: Products of the flesh of ani- or both, only part of which OR UNKNOWN mals. may be milkfat, and nutritive FTC: Z0003 carbohydrate sweeteners. BT: COLOR OF POULTRY medicago sativa MEAT [Z0006] USE: ALFALFA [B1359] MELON UF: back meat, poultry FTC: B1283 UF: neck meat, poultry MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC ZONE BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT SN: Used only for poultry meat FTC: CLZ09 [B1140] that comes from the back, the BT: MILD CLIMATIC ZONE neck or for which the color is [CLZ07] melon apple not known. USE: MANGO MELON [B2042] MEDITERRANEAN FISHING AREA MEAT ENAMEL FTC: AA37 melon pear FTC: N0020 BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] USE: PEPINO [B2493] BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] MEDIUM GROUND melon shrub meat grade e FTC: E0117 USE: PEPINO [B2493] USE: GRADE E, EUROPE [Z0066] BT: DISINTEGRATED OR GROUND [E0136] melon tree meat grade o UF: meal USE: PAPAYA [B1249] USE: GRADE O, EUROPE [Z0069] melon, santa claus LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 151

USE: SANTA CLAUS MELON merluza BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, [B1578] USE: HAKE [B1291] COMBINED MATERIAL [M0391] MENHADEN mero FTC: B1396 USE: GROUPER [B1496] metanephrops BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] USE: DEEP SEA LOBSTER UF: brevoortia MESOGASTROPOD [B2232] FTC: B1008 menhaden, atlantic BT: GASTROPOD [B2111] METATARTARIC ACID USE: ATLANTIC MENHADEN FTC: B3149 [B1849] mespilus germanica BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: MEDLAR [B2014] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX menhaden, gulf ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: GULF MENHADEN [B1848] METAL UF: E 353 FTC: N0041 UF: INS 353 menippe BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE USE: FLORIDA STONE CRAB FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- METATARTARIC ACID ADDED [B1944] TERIAL [N0051] FTC: H0574 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, menippi mercenaria METAL CONTAINER EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: FLORIDA STONE CRAB FTC: M0151 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B1944] BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- TARIUS [H0399] PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] UF: E 353 added menpachi UF: INS 353 added USE: SQUIRRELFISH [B2656] METAL GASKET FTC: M0259 METHOD OF HEATING CON- mentha piperita BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] TAINER USE: PEPPERMINT [B1449] FTC: G0032 METAL SCREW CAP OR LID BT: G. COOKING METHOD mentha spicata FTC: M0245 [G0002] USE: SPEARMINT [B1434] BT: SCREW CAP OR LID SN: The method by which heat is [M0425] transferred to the outside of mentha spp. the cooking container. The USE: MINT [B1267] METAL SCREW CAP/PILFER most frequently used method PROOF of placing the container on an mentha viridis FTC: M0246 open flame, a hot metal sur- USE: SPEARMINT [B1434] BT: METAL SCREW CAP OR face or into an oven are not LID [M0245] indexed here. menticirrhus USE: KINGFISH [B2198] METALIZED PAPER COEXTRUDED METHYL CELLULOSE WITH PLASTIC FTC: B3150 mercenaria mercenaria FTC: M0348 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: NORTHERN QUAHOG BT: METALIZED PAPER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [B1068] WRAPPER [M0347] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 461 mercenaria spp. METALIZED PAPER LAMINATED UF: INS 461 USE: QUAHOG [B2501] WITH PLASTIC FTC: M0349 METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED meretricinae spp. BT: METALIZED PAPER FTC: H0575 USE: HARD CLAM [B2193] WRAPPER [M0347] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- meretrix lamarckii METALIZED PAPER LAMINATED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: JAPANESE HARD CLAM WITH TREATED PAPER TARIUS [H0399] [B2386] FTC: M0350 UF: E 461 added BT: METALIZED PAPER UF: INS 461 added merlangius merlangus WRAPPER [M0347] USE: EUROPEAN WHITING METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B2644] METALIZED PAPER WRAPPER FTC: B3151 FTC: M0347 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- merluccius capensis BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: CAPE HAKE [B2141] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] METALLIZED POLYAMIDE CON- UF: E 218 merluccius hubbsi TAINER UF: INS 218 USE: ARGENTINE HAKE [B2142] FTC: M0393 BT: METALLIZED POLYMER METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE merluccius merluccius CONTAINER [M0392] ADDED USE: EUROPEAN HAKE [B2365] FTC: H0576 METALLIZED POLYESTER CON- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, merluccius productus TAINER EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: PACIFIC WHITING [B1137] FTC: M0394 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: METALLIZED POLYMER TARIUS [H0399] merluccius spp. CONTAINER [M0392] UF: E 218 added USE: WHITING [B1640] UF: INS 218 added METALLIZED POLYMER CON- merluce TAINER MEXICAN FLOUNDER USE: HAKE [B1291] FTC: M0392 FTC: B2285

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BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SN: Milk is a secretion from the ILY [B1879] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX mammary glands of female UF: cyclopsetta chittendeni ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] mammals. See scope note UF: E 460 for *MILK OR MILK COM- MEXICAN HUSK TOMATO UF: INS 460 PONENT*. for lowfat milk use FTC: B2015 *FAT PARTIALLY RE- BT: GROUND CHERRY [B2519] MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE MOVED*; for skim milk, use UF: jamberry ADDED *FAT FULLY REMOVED* UF: physalis ixocarpa FTC: H0373 (both found in D3. TREAT- UF: tomatillo BT: CELLULOSE DERIVATIVE MENT APPLIED). ADDED [H0372] mexican marjoram SN: Used when microcrystalline MILK ADDED USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN cellulose is added at any FTC: H0184 [B2262] level. BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT ADDED [H0297] mexican oregano MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN ADDED MILK ANALOG [B2262] FTC: H0577 FTC: A0182 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT mexican sage EUROPEAN COMMU- ANALOG [A0147] USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: imitation milk [B2262] TARIUS [H0399] SN: Food product having func- UF: E 460 added tional characteristics similar to mexican sage, origan UF: INS 460 added milk; it may be nutritionally USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN equivalent or inferior to the [B2262] micromesistius australis product it purports to resem- USE: SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING ble. MEXICAN TEA [B1836] FTC: B2058 MILK ENAMEL BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- micromesistius poutassou FTC: N0019 PRODUCING PLANT USE: BLUE WHITING [B1837] BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] [B1179] UF: chenopodium ambrosioides MICRONESIA MILK MUSHROOM FTC: FM FTC: B2074 mexican wild sage BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN [QU] UF: lactarius [B2262] micropogonias undulatus MILK OR MILK COMPONENT MEXICO USE: ATLANTIC CROAKER FTC: C0113 FTC: MX [B1795] BT: PART OF ANIMAL [C0164] BT: NORTH AMERICA [QT] SN: A broad term that includes micropterus dolomieui milk and its components, MICHIGAN USE: SMALLMOUTH BASS cream, curd and whey; use FTC: US26 [B2427] the appropriate specific term BT: MIDWESTERN STATES when milk or a milk product is [US61] micropterus salmoides the principal ingredient. Use USE: LARGEMOUTH BASS the appropriate term under MICROBIAL GUM ADDED [B2182] *MEAT ANIMAL* to index the FTC: H0387 source of the milk (note: 21 BT: GUM ADDED [H0375] microstomus pacificus CFR 131.110 defines milk as SN: Used when a microbial gum USE: DOVER SOLE [B1511] cow's milk). Examples: for (e.g., xanthan gum, dextran, 'whole milk' combine *MILK etc.) is added to a food at any MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES OR MILK PRODUCT* (A. level. FTC: US60 PRODUCT TYPE) with BT: UNITED STATES [US] *MILK* (C. PART OF PLANT MICROBIALLY/ENZYMATICALLY OR ANIMAL); for 'lowfat cot- MODIFIED MIDDLE EAST tage cheese' combine FTC: H0119 FTC: QN06 *UNCURED CHEESE* (A. BT: FOOD MODIFIED [H0141] BT: ASIA [QN] PRODUCT TYPE) with UF: fermented, unspecified *CURD* (C. PART OF SN: Modified by microbial or en- midget tomato PLANT OR ANIMAL) and zymatic action resulting in USE: MINIATURE TOMATO *FAT PARTIALLY RE- molecular changes in any [B1608] MOVED* (H. TREATMENT food component. If salt, sugar APPLIED). or other food additive is used MIDWESTERN STATES to aid in the modification FTC: US61 MILK OR MILK PRODUCT process, index it by the ap- BT: UNITED STATES [US] FTC: A0148 propriate term under BT: DAIRY PRODUCT [A0164] *INGREDIENT ADDED*. MILD CLIMATIC ZONE SN: Milk in all forms, milk-based FTC: CLZ07 beverage, cultured milk prod- microchirus variegatus BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] uct, or milk or milk product USE: THICKBACK SOLE [B2709] analog. Index infant formula MILK under *MEAL REPLACE- MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FTC: C0235 MENT*. FTC: B3152 BT: MILK OR MILK COMPO- NENT [C0113] MILK OR MILK PRODUCT ADDED FTC: H0297 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 153

BT: DAIRY PRODUCT ADDED minced BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [H0242] USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, CAL FRUIT [B1024] THICKNESS <0.3 CM. MILK OR MILK PRODUCT ANALOG [E0100] mirliton FTC: A0147 USE: CHAYOTE [B1730] BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT MINERAL ADDED [A0148] FTC: H0159 MISSISSIPPI SN: Food product having func- BT: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY FTC: US28 tional characteristics similar to SUBSTANCE ADDED BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES milk or milk products, includ- [H0194] [US63] ing cream product analogs, SN: Used when a mineral is margarine, and milk analogs. added at any level. MISSOURI Certain alternate ingredients FTC: US29 are substituted for those mineral- or vitamin-related claim or BT: MIDWESTERN STATES components that are respon- use [US61] sible for specific functional USE: VITAMIN- OR MINERAL- properties. RELATED CLAIM OR USE MISTLETOE [P0095] FTC: B2052 milk product, cultured BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: CULTURED MILK PRODUCT MINERAL WATER PRODUCING PLANT [A0101] FTC: B1288 [B1179] BT: WATER [B1217] UF: european mistletoe milk, nut SN: Potable water that has a high UF: viscum album USE: NUT MILK [C0214] content of dissolved minerals and may contain natural car- MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC MILKFISH bon dioxide. ACID ESTERS OF MONO- FTC: B1909 AND DIGLYCERIDES OF BT: MILKFISH FAMILY [B2548] minerals removed FATTY ACIDS UF: chanos chanos USE: DEMINERALIZED [H0137] FTC: B3153 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- MILKFISH FAMILY MINIATURE TOMATO PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2548 FTC: B1608 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FISH, GONORYNCHIFORM BT: TOMATO [B1276] UF: E 472f [B2543] UF: cherry tomato UF: INS 472f UF: chanidae UF: lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC MILLED GRAIN OR STARCH UF: midget tomato ACID ESTERS OF MONO- PRODUCT AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FTC: A0149 mink food FATTY ACIDS ADDED BT: GRAIN OR STARCH PROD- USE: FOOD FOR NON-FOOD FTC: H0578 UCT [A0125] ANIMALS [P0013] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Food product prepared by EUROPEAN COMMU- milling a grain or by producing MINNESOTA NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- flour, meal or grits from a FTC: US27 TARIUS [H0399] non-grain source such as BT: MIDWESTERN STATES UF: E 472f added beans, starchy roots or tu- [US61] UF: INS 472f added bers. Refined starch is in- dexed under *REFINED OR MINNOW MIXED CAROTENES PARTIALLY REFINED FOOD FTC: B1922 FTC: B3154 PRODUCT*. BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1921] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MILLET UF: phoxinus spp. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B2505 UF: E 160a BT: GRAIN [B1324] minnow family UF: INS 160a USE: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY MILLET, COMMON [B1921] MIXED CAROTENES ADDED FTC: B1285 FTC: H0579 BT: MILLET [B2505] MINT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: panicum miliaceum FTC: B1267 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: proso millet BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PRODUCING PLANT TARIUS [H0399] milo [B1179] UF: E 160a added USE: SORGHUM [B1448] UF: mentha spp. UF: INS 160a added milt, soft roe miquelon MOBOLA PLUM USE: TESTIS, MILT OR SOFT USE: ST. PIERRE AND MIQUE- FTC: B2827 ROE [C0234] LON [PM] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] MIMUSOPS MIRABELLE PLUM UF: cork tree (parinari) FTC: B2811 FTC: B2733 UF: hissing tree BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: DAMSON PLUM [B1662] UF: marbola plum CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: var. syriaca UF: parinari curatellifolia UF: mimusops zeyheri UF: prunus insititia var. syriaca UF: parinari mobola UF: syrian plum UF: sand apple mimusops zeyheri USE: MIMUSOPS [B2811] MIRACLE FRUIT mobula hypostoma FTC: B2030 USE: DEVIL RAY [B2296]

154 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) mobula mobular SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED [B1134] USE: DEVILFISH [B2297] [H0280] UF: cebidae mobulidae mold cheese rind monkey ball USE: MANTA FAMILY [B2298] USE: CHEESE RIND, MOLDY USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] [Z0073] modified food starch added monkey guava USE: MODIFIED STARCH ADDED MOLD CURED USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] [H0279] FTC: H0329 BT: LACTIC ACID-OTHER monkey-bread tree MODIFIED STARCH AGENT FERMENTED USE: BAOBAB [B2759] FTC: A0342 [H0107] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- MONKFISH CATION, EUROPEAN mold rind FTC: B2401 COMMUNITY [A0324] USE: CHEESE RIND, MOLDY BT: GOOSEFISH FAMILY AI: Substance obtained by one or [Z0073] [B2405] more chemical treatments of UF: allmouth edible starches, which may moldavia UF: anglerfish have undergone a physical or USE: MOLDOVA [MD] UF: frogfish enzymatic treatment, and UF: lophius piscatorius may be acid or alkali thinned MOLDOVA or bleached. European Coun- FTC: MD monk's beard cil Directive 95/2/EC. BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] USE: CHICORY [B1552] UF: moldavia MODIFIED STARCH ADDED MONO- AND DIACETYL TARTARIC FTC: H0279 molidea ACID ESTERS OF MONO- BT: STARCH ADDED [H0146] USE: MOLA FAMILY [B2586] AND DIGLYCERIDES OF BT: STARCH ADDED [H0146] FATTY ACIDS UF: modified food starch added FTC: B3155 SN: Used when modified starch is USE: MOLLUSK [B2112] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- added at any level. PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MOLLUSK ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] modiolus modiolus FTC: B2112 UF: E 472e USE: NORTHERN HORSE MUS- BT: SHELLFISH [B1433] UF: INS 472e SEL [B1037] UF: mollusca MONO- AND DIACETYL TARTARIC mogwa MOLLUSK SHELL, FOOD CONTACT ACID ESTERS OF MONO- USE: FUZZY MELON [B2518] SURFACE AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FTC: N0053 FATTY ACIDS ADDED moistened BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FTC: H0580 USE: REHYDRATED [H0259] FROM NATURAL MATERIAL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [N0050] EUROPEAN COMMU- MOISTURE RETAINING AGENT NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: A0430 molokhia TARIUS [H0399] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] UF: E 472e added CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: INS 472e added [A0351] molva dypterygia AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: BLUE LING [B2864] MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FATTY ACIDS 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 molva molva FTC: B3156 USE: LING [B2144] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- moki PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: BASTARD TRUMPETER momordica balsamina ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B1936] USE: BALSAM APPLE [B2172] UF: E 471 UF: INS 471 MOLA FAMILY momordica charantia FTC: B2586 USE: BITTER MELON [B1101] MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF BT: FISH, TETRAODONTIFORM FATTY ACIDS ADDED [B1977] momordica lanata FTC: H0581 UF: molidea USE: WATERMELON [B1391] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- mola lanceolata monacanthinae NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: SHARPTAIL MOLA [B2584] USE: FILEFISH [B2132] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 471 added MOLASSES MONACO UF: INS 471 added FTC: C0207 FTC: MC BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SYRUP BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE SOLIDS [C0271] [QR03] FTC: B3157 SN: Liquid product remaining after BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- crystallization of sugar from MONGOLIA PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX sugar syrup; most molasses FTC: MN ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] is made from sugar cane. BT: ASIA, CENTRAL [QN01] UF: E 624 UF: INS 624 MOLASSES ADDED MONKEY FTC: H0156 FTC: B2439 MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE ADDED LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 155

FTC: H0582 FTC: H0586 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 621 TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 621 UF: E 624 added UF: E 622 added UF: INS 624 added UF: INS 622 added monosodium glutamate added USE: MSG ADDED [H0369] MONOCALCIUM CITRATE MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE FTC: B3158 FTC: B3162 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0590 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 333 UF: E 340 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 333 UF: INS 340 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] MONOCALCIUM CITRATE ADDED MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE UF: E 621 added FTC: H0583 ADDED UF: INS 621 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0587 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, monosodium l-glutamate NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- TARIUS [H0399] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- MATE [B1652] UF: E 333 added TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 333 added UF: E 340 added MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE UF: INS 340 added FTC: B3166 MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3159 MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3163 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 339 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 339 UF: E 341 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 341 UF: E 336 MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE UF: INS 336 ADDED MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE FTC: H0591 ADDED MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0584 ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0588 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 339 added TARIUS [H0399] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 339 added UF: E 341 added TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 341 added UF: E 336 added MONOSODIUM TARTRATE UF: INS 336 added FTC: B3167 monodactylidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: MOONFISH FAMILY [B1996] monosaccharide added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] monodactylus argenteus ADDED [H0136] UF: E 335 USE: SILVER MOONFISH [B1995] UF: INS 335 MONOSODIUM CITRATE MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE FTC: B3164 MONOSODIUM TARTRATE ADDED FTC: B3160 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0592 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 331 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 332 UF: INS 331 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 332 UF: E 335 added MONOSODIUM CITRATE ADDED UF: INS 335 added MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE FTC: H0589 ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE FTC: H0585 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3168 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 331 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 331 added UF: E 1410 UF: E 332 added UF: INS 1410 UF: INS 332 added MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE FTC: B1652 MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD ADDED FTC: B3161 SOURCE [B2973] FTC: H0593 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: monosodium l-glutamate BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: msg EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: sodium glutamate NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 622 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 622 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE UF: E 1410 added FTC: B3165 UF: INS 1410 added MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE ADDED MONTAN ACID ESTERS

156 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: B3169 UF: pseudophycis breviusculus mountain spinach BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: GARDEN ORACH [B2751] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MORID COD FAMILY ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B2170 MOZAMBIQUE UF: E 912 BT: FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] FTC: MZ UF: INS 912 BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN moringa oleifera [QM04] MONTAN ACID ESTERS ADDED USE: HORSERADISH TREE FTC: H0594 [B1748] mozambique orange BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: ORANGE [B1339] EUROPEAN COMMU- moringa pterygosperma NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: HORSERADISH TREE MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA TARIUS [H0399] [B1748] FTC: B1833 UF: E 912 added BT: CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] UF: INS 912 added mormon tea UF: tilapia mossambica USE: NEVADA JOINTFIR [B2049] UF: tilapia, mozambique MONTANA FTC: US30 MOROCCO msg BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] FTC: MA USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- BT: AFRICA, NORTHERN MATE [B1652] MONTSERRAT [QM03] FTC: MS MSG ADDED BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS morone americana FTC: H0369 [QO01] USE: WHITE PERCH [B1152] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USA [H0371] moonfish morone chrysops UF: monosodium glutamate USE: CUSK [B2143] USE: WHITE BASS [B1764] added SN: Used when msg (monoso- MOONFISH FAMILY morone saxatilis dium glutamate) is added to a FTC: B1996 USE: STRIPED BASS [B2181] food at any level to enhance BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] the natural flavor of the food. UF: fingerfish family morula UF: monodactylidae USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] mucilage added USE: HEMICELLULOSE ADDED MOOSE morus nigra [H0125] FTC: B1257 USE: BLACK MULBERRY [B2776] BT: DEER FAMILY [B1500] MUD CRAB FAMILY UF: alces alces morus spp. FTC: B2215 USE: MULBERRY [B1501] BT: CRAB [B1335] mora pacifica UF: xanthidae USE: MORID COD [B2892] MORWONG FTC: B2366 mudfish morchella angusticeps BT: MORWONG FAMILY [B2546] USE: BOWFIN [B2436] USE: BLACK MOREL [B2021] UF: cheilodactylus bergi mudskipper morchella conica MORWONG FAMILY USE: GOBY [B2541] USE: BLACK MOREL [B2021] FTC: B2546 BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] mugil brasiliensis morchellaceae UF: cheilodactylidae USE: LIZA [B2359] USE: MOREL [B2032] morwong, jackass mugil cephalus more, label claim USE: TARAKIHI [B1910] USE: STRIPED MULLET [B1783] USE: "MORE" LABEL CLAIM [P0133] moschus spp. mugil curema USE: MUSK DEER [B1620] USE: WHITE MULLET [B1786] MOREL FTC: B2032 MOTH BEAN mugil gaimardianus BT: ASCOMYCETE [B2034] FTC: B1920 USE: REDEYE MULLET [B1785] UF: helvellaceae BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) UF: morchellaceae [B1567] mugil kandavensis UF: phaseolus aconitifolius USE: KANDA [B2305] MORELLO CHERRY FTC: B2506 mother-in-law fish mugil liza BT: SOUR CHERRY [B1052] USE: PAINTED SWEETLIPS USE: LIZA [B2359] [B2566] MORETON BAY CHESTNUT mugil spp. FTC: B2133 MOUNTAIN APPLE USE: MULLET [B1287] BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) FTC: B2831 [B1567] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- mugil trichodon UF: black turtle bean CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: FANTAIL MULLET [B1784] UF: castanospermum australe UF: eugenia malaccensis UF: ohia mugilidae MORID COD UF: pinkapple USE: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] FTC: B2892 UF: roseapple (syzygium malac- BT: MORID COD FAMILY cense) mugiloididae [B2170] UF: syzygium malaccense USE: SANDPERCH FAMILY UF: mora pacifica [B2368] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 157

MULATO PEPPER MULTICOMPONENT EXTRACT, musa acuminata, var. dwarf caven- FTC: B2557 CONCENTRATE OR ISO- dish BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] LATE USE: DWARF BANANA [B1559] UF: pepper, mulato FTC: C0159 BT: EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE musa sapientum MULBERRY OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR USE: BANANA [B1266] FTC: B1501 ANIMAL [C0228] BT: BERRY [B1231] SN: An extract, concentrate or musa spp. UF: morus spp. isolate containing two or more USE: BANANA [B1266] of the following: carbohydrate, mulberry fig fat or oil, protein, or flavoring muscadine grape USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] substance. An example would USE: GRAPE, MUSCADINE be 'bean curd', which contains [B2123] MULE approximately 16 g. of pro- FTC: B2093 tein, 9 g. of fat and 4 g. of muscat grape BT: HORSE [B1229] carbohydrate per 100 grams; USE: GRAPE, MUSCAT [B1178] on the other hand, 'sesame MULE oil' is *FAT OR OIL* even MUSHROOM FTC: B2093 though it is highly flavored. FTC: B1467 BT: DONKEY [B2096] BT: BASIDIOMYCETE [B2035] MULTICOMPONENT MEAL UF: wild mushroom MULE DEER FTC: A0139 FTC: B1622 BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- MUSHROOM ADDED BT: DEER [B1583] UCT [A0172] FTC: H0166 UF: odocoileus hemionus UF: compartmentalized dinner BT: VEGETABLE ADDED UF: dinner with components sepa- [H0212] MULLET rated in serving containers SN: Used when mushroom is FTC: B1287 UF: dinner, compartmentalized added at any level. BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] UF: food packs with separate UF: agonostomus spp. components MUSK DEER UF: mugil spp. UF: heat and serve dinner FTC: B1620 UF: multiple-course dinner BT: DEER [B1583] MULLET FAMILY UF: tv dinner UF: moschus spp. FTC: B1782 SN: A multiple-component food BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] product typically containing a MUSKELLUNGE UF: mugilidae protein source, a vegetable, FTC: B1165 and a potato, rice or cereal- BT: PIKE FAMILY [B1826] mullet, fantail based component packaged UF: esox masquinongy USE: FANTAIL MULLET [B1784] to be served after heating, ei- ther as separate items or MUSKMELON mullet, red courses or mixed as recipe FTC: B2067 USE: RED MULLET [B2567] components; see 21 CFR BT: MELON [B1283] 102.26, 102.28 and 104.47 mullet, redeye for nutritional quality guide- MUSKRAT USE: REDEYE MULLET [B1785] lines. FTC: B1527 BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) mullet, striped MULTICONTAINER PACKAGE [B1134] USE: STRIPED MULLET [B1783] FTC: M0208 BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- MUSSEL mullet, white PING BY FORM [M0195] FTC: B1223 USE: WHITE MULLET [B1786] UF: container or package, multiple BT: BIVALVE [B2113] UF: aulacomya ater mullus surmuletus multiple heat treatments USE: RED MULLET [B2567] USE: HEAT-TREATED, MULTIPLE MUSTARD COMPONENTS, DIFFER- FTC: B2069 MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE ENT DEGREES OF TREAT- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: M0222 MENT [F0023] PRODUCING PLANT BT: ADHESIVE [M0221] [B1179] multiple-course dinner UF: brassica MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL NO SOLVENT [A0139] MUSTARD FTC: M0223 FTC: B2069 BT: MULTICOMPONENT ADHE- MUNG BEAN BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] SIVE [M0222] FTC: B1395 UF: brassica BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, [B1567] MUSTARD CABBAGE ORGANIC SOLVENT UF: golden gram bean FTC: B2397 FTC: M0224 UF: green gram bean BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] BT: MULTICOMPONENT ADHE- UF: phaseolus aureus UF: chinese mustard cabbage SIVE [M0222] mungo bean mustard spinach MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, USE: BLACK GRAM BEAN USE: BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] WATER SOLUBLE [B1588] FTC: M0225 mustard, black BT: MULTICOMPONENT ADHE- musa acuminata USE: BLACK MUSTARD [B1127] SIVE [M0222] USE: BANANA [B1266]

158 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus mustard, brown SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- UF: strychnos laxa USE: BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT UF: strychnos spinosa USE descriptor in indexing. MUSTARD, WHITE Use a more precise narrower NATAL PLUM FTC: B1148 term. FTC: B1482 BT: MUSTARD [B2069] SN: The specific container or BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: brassica hirta coating materials in direct CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: mustard, white or yellow contact with the food. Multiple UF: mustard, yellow values can be assigned. NATAMYCIN FTC: B3170 mustard, white or yellow naga-kombu BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: MUSTARD, WHITE [B1148] USE: KONBU [B2638] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] mustard, yellow nagami kumquat UF: E 235 USE: MUSTARD, WHITE [B1148] USE: OVAL KUMQUAT [B2774] UF: INS 235 mustelus canis NAKED SOLE NATAMYCIN ADDED USE: SMOOTH DOGFISH [B2312] FTC: B2288 FTC: H0595 BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, mustelus mustelis UF: gymnachirus melas EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: SMOOTH DOGFISH [B2312] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NALTA JUTE TARIUS [H0399] mutton (meat) FTC: B1731 UF: E 235 added USE: SHEEP [B1183] BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: INS 235 added UF: corchorus olitorius MUTTON SNAPPER UF: jew's mallow NATURAL CHEESE FTC: B1802 UF: jute mallow FTC: A0187 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] UF: jute, nalta BT: CHEESE OR CHEESE UF: lutjanus analis UF: molokhia PRODUCT [A0115] UF: snapper, mutton UF: tossa jute SN: Cheese made from milk or milk components, such as mya arenaria nam gwa cream, by the following proc- USE: SOFTSHELL CLAM [B2356] USE: JAPANESE SQUASH ess: (1) produce curd through [B2523] coagulation of milk by bacte- MYANMAR rial action and/or enzymes FTC: MM NAMIBIA and/or acidification and drain- BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] FTC: NA ing of whey. (2) For cured UF: burma BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN cheese only: cure the curd. SN: This country was formerly [QM04] Excludes products made known as 'burma'. UF: south-west africa through further processing, such as comminuting (see MYCOPLASMATALES USED AS nanny goat *CHEESE PRODUCT*). FOOD SOURCE USE: DOE (GOAT) [B2611] FTC: B2853 natural cheese rind BT: BACTERIA [B2846] napa USE: CHEESE RIND, NATURAL SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., USE: CHINESE OR CELERY [Z0147] 1992, v. II, p.1938. CABBAGE [B1051] natural fiber source mycteroperca spp. napoleonaea USE: NATURALLY RICH IN FIBER USE: GROUPER [B1496] USE: BELWISIA [B2826] CLAIM OR USE [P0076] mycteroperca venenosa napoleonaea vogelii NATURAL POLYMER CONTAINER USE: YELLOWFIN GROUPER USE: BELWISIA [B2826] FTC: M0320 [B2390] BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- NARANJILLA PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] MYLAR FTC: B2062 FTC: N0026 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- NATURAL TEXTILE CONTAINER BT: POLYESTER [N0033] CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: M0409 SN: Trade name of polyester used UF: lulo BT: TEXTILE OR FABRIC CON- in the usa. UF: solanum quitoense TAINER [M0157] myristica fragrans NARROW-BARRED MACKEREL NATURAL-BASED POLYMERS USE: NUTMEG [B1214] FTC: B2935 FTC: N0057 BT: MACKEREL [B1043] BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE mytilus californianus UF: scomberomorus commerson FROM NATURAL MATERIAL USE: CALIFORNIA MUSSEL [N0050] [B1046] nasturtium officinale USE: WATERCRESS [B1492] NATURALLY CAFFEINE FREE mytilus edulis CLAIM OR USE USE: BLUE MUSSEL [B2875] NATAL ORANGE FTC: P0118 FTC: B2787 BT: CAFFEINE FREE CLAIM OR myxobacteriales used as food source BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE [P0117] USE: CYTOPHAGALES USED AS CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: no caffeine added claim or FOOD SOURCE [B2851] UF: brehmia spinosa use UF: elephant orange N. FOOD CONTACT SURFACE UF: kaffir orange NATURALLY DRIED FTC: N0010 UF: monkey ball FTC: J0141 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 159

BT: HEAT DRIED [J0117] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: field-dried PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND neptunea spp. UF: sundried PARTS USED [B1057] USE: WHELK [B1633] SN: Dried by natural heat, usually through exposure to the sun. nematalosa come nere Includes field-dried products USE: GIZZARD SHAD [B2370] USE: AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN such as grains and dry beans. [B2926] These products are included nematalosa vlaminghi also if they have been artifi- USE: WESTERN AUSTRALIAN NETHERLANDS cially dried to return them to GIZZARD SHAD [B2324] FTC: NL normal dry state. BT: EUROPE, WESTERN NEMATODE INFESTATION [QR04] NATURALLY RICH IN FIBER CLAIM FTC: NMIN UF: holland OR USE BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: P0076 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES BT: RICH IN FIBER CLAIM OR NEOGASTROPOD FTC: AN USE [P0075] FTC: B1010 BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS UF: natural fiber source BT: GASTROPOD [B2111] [QO01] UF: NATURALLY SODIUM-FREE FOOD nettastomatidae FTC: P0088 neogastropoda USE: DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY BT: SODIUM FREE FOOD USE: NEOGASTROPOD [B1010] [B2533] [P0152] NEOHESPERIDINE D C NETTLE nauclea latifolia FTC: B3171 FTC: B1674 USE: AFRICAN PEACH [B2784] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: urtica spp. NAURU ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: NR UF: E 959 NEUROTOXIC SHELLFISH POISON- BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS UF: INS 959 ING [QU] FTC: NSFP NEOHESPERIDINE D C ADDED BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] NAVY OR PEA BEAN FTC: H0596 FTC: B1560 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NEUTRAL DISTILLED SPIRITS BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: A0120 EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] [B1061] TARIUS [H0399] UF: alcohol or neutral spirits UF: pea bean UF: E 959 added UF: neutral spirits or alcohol UF: INS 959 added SN: Distilled spirits produced at or NEAT (FISH) above 190 proof and, if bot- FTC: B2318 neophrynichthys angustus tled, bottled at not less than BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] USE: PALE TOADFISH [B2915] 80 proof (27 CFR 5.22(a)).

NEBRASKA neothunnus neutral spirits or alcohol FTC: US31 USE: TUNA [B1269] USE: NEUTRAL DISTILLED SPIR- BT: MIDWESTERN STATES ITS [A0120] [US61] neothunnus macropterus USE: YELLOWFIN TUNA [B1074] NEUTRAL ZONE neck meat, poultry FTC: NT USE: MEAT COLOR, UNDESIG- neothunnus rarus BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] NATED OR UNKNOWN USE: LONGTAIL TUNA [B1004] [Z0003] NEUTRALIZING AGENT neotragus spp. FTC: A0431 NECTARINE USE: ANTELOPE [B1481] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B1436 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] NEPAL [A0351] UF: prunus persica var. nuciper- FTC: NP AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- sica BT: ASIA, CENTRAL [QN01] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 NEEDLEFISH nepeta cataria FTC: B1411 USE: CATNIP [B2046] NEVADA BT: NEEDLEFISH FAMILY FTC: US32 [B1887] nephelium lappaceum BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] USE: RAMBUTAN [B1629] NEEDLEFISH FAMILY nevada ephedra FTC: B1887 nephelium litchi USE: NEVADA JOINTFIR [B2049] BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM USE: LITCHI [B1212] [B1573] NEVADA JOINTFIR UF: belonidae nephelium longanum FTC: B2049 USE: LONGAN [B1628] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- needlefish, california PRODUCING PLANT USE: CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH nephrops norvegicus [B1179] [B1417] USE: NORWAY LOBSTER [B1956] UF: ephedra nevadensis UF: gray ephedra NEEM nephropsidae UF: mormon tea FTC: B2444 USE: CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY UF: nevada ephedra [B1986]

160 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus nevis island nigerian ebony USE: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS NEW ZEALAND GREEN MUSSEL USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] [KN] FTC: B1963 BT: MUSSEL [B1223] night snapper NEW BRUNSWICK UF: green-lipped mussel USE: QUEEN SNAPPER [B2151] FTC: CA04 UF: BT: CANADA [CA] NILE TILAPIA NEW ZEALAND FTC: B1834 NEW CALEDONIA FTC: B1952 BT: CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] FTC: NC BT: OYSTER [B1224] UF: tilapia nilotica BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS UF: crassostrea glomerata UF: tilapia, nile [QU] NEW ZEALAND SOLE NISIN NEW CASTLE COUNTY FTC: B2680 FTC: B3172 FTC: US10A BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FAMILY [B1856] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX new guinea UF: peltorhampus novaezeelan- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: PAPUA NEW GUINEA [PG] diae UF: E 234 UF: INS 234 NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW ZEALAND SPIDER CRAB FTC: US33 FTC: B2105 NISIN ADDED BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY FTC: H0597 [US62] [B2222] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: jacquinotia edwardsii EUROPEAN COMMU- new hebrides UF: maia NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: VANUATU [VU] UF: maja TARIUS [H0399] UF: new zealand crab UF: E 234 added UF: INS 234 added FTC: US34 NEW ZEALAND SPINACH BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES FTC: B1732 nispero tree [US60] BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: SAPODILLA [B1693] UF: spinach, new zealand NEW MEXICO UF: tetragonia expansa NITROGEN FTC: US35 FTC: B3173 BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES NEW ZEALAND SURF CLAM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [US64] FTC: B2684 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CLAM [B1331] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NEW MEXICO RED PEPPER UF: amphidesma ventricosum UF: E 941 FTC: B2558 UF: INS 941 BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] UF: chili de ristra pepper FTC: CA05 NITROGEN ADDED UF: pepper, new mexico red BT: CANADA [CA] FTC: H0598 UF: wreath chili pepper BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NIACIN ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- NEW YORK FTC: H0311 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: US36 BT: VITAMIN B ADDED [H0216] TARIUS [H0399] BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES SN: Used when niacin is added at UF: E 941 added [US62] any level. Always use this UF: INS 941 added term for enriched flour or rice, NEW ZEALAND enriched bakery products, NITROUS OXIDE FTC: NZ and enriched macaroni or FTC: B3174 BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS noodle products. (21 CFR BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [QU] 137. 610(a), 21 CFR PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX 136.115(a)(1), and others) ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] new zealand cod UF: E 942 USE: BLUE COD [B2290] NICARAGUA UF: INS 942 FTC: NI NEW ZEALAND COMMERCIAL BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] NITROUS OXIDE ADDED SCALLOP FTC: H0599 FTC: B1946 nigella sativa BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SCALLOP [B1489] USE: CUMIN, BLACK [B1176] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: pecten novaezealandiae NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NIGER TARIUS [H0399] new zealand crab FTC: NE UF: E 942 added USE: NEW ZEALAND SPIDER BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] UF: INS 942 added CRAB [B2105] NIGER (PLANT) NIUE NEW ZEALAND FTC: B2066 FTC: NU FTC: B2690 BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: OYSTER [B1224] [B1017] [QU] UF: ostrea lutaria UF: guizotia abyssinica UF: tiostrea lutaria UF: ramtilla NO ANIMAL FAT ADDED CLAIM OR USE NEW ZEALAND GARFISH NIGERIA FTC: P0072 FTC: B2911 FTC: NG BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED BT: HALFBEAK FAMILY [B2912] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] CLAIM OR USE [P0071] UF: hyporhamphus ihi LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 161

NO ARTIFICIAL ADDITIVES CLAIM USE: CAFFEINE FREE CLAIM OR OR USE USE [P0117] NO NITRITE/NITRATE ADDED FTC: P0108 CLAIM OR USE BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- no cholesterol food FTC: P0111 RELATED CLAIM OR USE USE: CHOLESTEROL FREE BT: PRESERVATIVE-RELATED [P0106] FOOD [P0042] CLAIM OR USE [P0110]

NO ARTIFICIAL COLORS CLAIM OR no coconut oil added claim or use NO OR REDUCED CALORIES USE USE: NO TROPICAL OILS ADDED CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0097 CLAIM OR USE [P0073] FTC: P0066 BT: COLOR-RELATED CLAIM BT: CALORIE SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0096] NO COLOR ADDED CLAIM OR USE OR USE [P0045] FTC: P0098 UF: reduced or no calories claim NO ARTIFICIAL COLORS CLAIM OR BT: COLOR-RELATED CLAIM or use USE OR USE [P0096] FTC: P0097 NO OR REDUCED CHOLESTEROL BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- NO CONTAINER OR WRAPPING CLAIM OR USE RELATED CLAIM OR USE USED FTC: P0149 [P0106] FTC: M0003 BT: CHOLESTEROL SPECIAL BT: M. CONTAINER OR CLAIM OR USE [P0041] NO ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS CLAIM WRAPPING [M0100] UF: reduced or no cholesterol OR USE SN: Used when the food product claim or use FTC: P0100 is not packaged in a container BT: FLAVOR- OR TASTE- or wrapping. includes prod- NO OR REDUCED FAT CLAIM OR RELATED CLAIM OR USE ucts that are coated with a USE [P0099] thin layer of wax, e.g., fruits or FTC: P0069 UF: all natural flavors claim or use vegetables, but are not further BT: FAT SPECIAL CLAIM OR packaged. USE [P0017] NO ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS CLAIM UF: reduced or no fat claim or use OR USE NO FAT ADDED CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0100 FTC: P0070 NO OR REDUCED SALT OR SO- BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- BT: NO OR REDUCED FAT DIUM CLAIM OR USE RELATED CLAIM OR USE CLAIM OR USE [P0069] FTC: P0077 [P0106] BT: SALT OR SODIUM SPECIAL UF: all natural flavors claim or use no fat food CLAIM OR USE [P0047] USE: FAT FREE FOOD [P0054] UF: less salt added claim or use NO ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENTS UF: reduced or no salt or sodium CLAIM OR USE NO FLAVOR ADDED CLAIM OR claim or use FTC: P0107 USE BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- FTC: P0102 NO OR REDUCED SUGAR CLAIM RELATED CLAIM OR USE BT: FLAVOR- OR TASTE- OR USE [P0106] RELATED CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0090 UF: all natural claim or use [P0099] BT: SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0061] NO ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES NO FOOD CONTACT SURFACE BT: SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM CLAIM OR USE PRESENT OR USE [P0061] FTC: P0113 FTC: N0003 UF: reduced or no sugar label BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- BT: N. FOOD CONTACT SUR- claim RELATED CLAIM OR USE FACE [N0010] [P0106] SN: Used when the product is NO PACKING MEDIUM USED neither packed nor coated FTC: K0003 NO ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES with a protective coating. BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM CLAIM OR USE [K0020] FTC: P0113 no mineral or vitamin added claim or UF: packed in air BT: NO PRESERVATIVES use UF: packing medium not used (or CLAIM OR USE [P0114] USE: NO VITAMIN OR MINERAL packed in air) ADDED CLAIM OR USE UF: self-pack NO ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS [P0173] SN: Used when the product is not CLAIM OR USE packed (a hand of bananas), FTC: P0104 NO MODIFIED FOOD STARCH is packed in air (bread in a BT: SWEETENER-RELATED ADDED CLAIM OR USE plastic bag) or is self-packed CLAIM OR USE [P0103] FTC: P0093 (canned condensed soup). If BT: STARCH-RELATED CLAIM the product is packed in a gas NO ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS OR USE [P0092] other than air (e.g., apple- CLAIM OR USE sauce packed with nitrogen in FTC: P0104 NO MSG ADDED CLAIM OR USE the head space) use BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- FTC: P0116 *PACKED IN GAS OTHER RELATED CLAIM OR USE BT: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR THAN AIR*. [P0106] CONSTITUENT-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0115] NO PALM OIL ADDED CLAIM OR no caffeine added claim or use USE USE: NATURALLY CAFFEINE NO NITRITE/NITRATE ADDED FTC: P0074 FREE CLAIM OR USE CLAIM OR USE BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED [P0118] FTC: P0111 CLAIM OR USE [P0071] BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- no caffeine claim or use RELATED CLAIM OR USE no pesticides claim or use [P0106]

162 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: ORGANIC FOOD CLAIM OR SN: Used when none of the SN: Substance having less than USE [P0128] treatments listed and defined 2% of the caloric value of su- in this factor pertain to the crose per equivalent unit of NO PRESERVATION METHOD food product. sweetening capacity. For ex- USED ample, the amount of such FTC: J0003 NO TROPICAL OILS ADDED CLAIM substance having the sweet- BT: J. PRESERVATION OR USE ening capacity of 1 teaspoon METHOD [J0107] FTC: P0073 of sucrose would have no SN: Used when a food product is BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED more than 0.4 calories (21 not treated to prevent or re- CLAIM OR USE [P0071] CFR 170.3(o)(19)). tard microbial or enzymatic UF: no coconut oil added claim or spoilage. Note: wax coating is use NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER considered packaging and not ADDED preservation. NO VITAMIN OR MINERAL ADDED FTC: H0108 CLAIM OR USE BT: SWEETENER ADDED NO PRESERVATIVES CLAIM OR FTC: P0173 [H0202] USE BT: VITAMIN- OR MINERAL- UF: artificial sweetener added FTC: P0114 RELATED CLAIM OR USE SN: Used when a nonnutritive BT: PRESERVATIVE-RELATED [P0095] sweetener is added at any CLAIM OR USE [P0110] UF: no mineral or vitamin added level. claim or use NO SALT ADDED CLAIM OR USE nonodonta turbinata FTC: P0078 NO WATER ADDED CLAIM OR USE USE: TOP SHELL [B2321] BT: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR FTC: P0167 SODIUM CLAIM OR USE BT: PROCESSING-RELATED NONSTANDARDIZED DRESSING [P0077] CLAIM OR USE [P0119] FTC: A0136 UF: unsalted claim or use BT: DRESSING FOR FOOD SN: No salt added and 'unsalted' noix juglans cinera [A0276] must meet conditions of use USE: BUTTERNUT [B1453] SN: Dressing for which no stan- and must declare 'this is not a dards of identity are specified sodium free food' on the in- NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE in the CFR. formation panel if the food is FTC: A0112 not 'sodium free'. (28 Federal BT: BEVERAGE [A0229] nordic countries Register 2302, January 6, UF: malt beverage, nonalcoholic USE: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] 1993). SN: Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be NORFOLK ISLAND NO SAUSAGE CASING flavored, sweetened or car- FTC: NF FTC: Z0096 bonated; includes soft drinks BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: TYPE OF SAUSAGE CAS- and steeped beverages; ex- [QU] ING [Z0092] cludes milk in all forms, fruit juices, diluted fruit juices and nori NO STARCH ADDED CLAIM OR vegetable juices. USE: LAVER [B1745] USE FTC: P0094 NONCARBONATED CLAIM OR USE north africa BT: STARCH-RELATED CLAIM FTC: P0169 USE: AFRICA, NORTHERN OR USE [P0092] BT: FLAVOR- OR TASTE- [QM03] RELATED CLAIM OR USE NO SUGARS ADDED CLAIM OR [P0099] NORTH AMERICA USE FTC: QT FTC: P0091 NONCERTIFIED COLOR ADDED BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES BT: NO OR REDUCED SUGAR FTC: H0106 AND REGIONS [QX] CLAIM OR USE [P0090] BT: COLOR ADDED [H0150] SN: No added sugars and 'without SN: Used when a color is added NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL added sugars' are allowed if that is exempt from certifica- FISHING AREA no sugar or sugar containing tion and considered safe for FTC: AA02 ingredient is added during use. BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] processing. (28 Federal Reg- ister 2302, January 6, 1993) nondairy dessert, frozen NORTH CAROLINA USE: FROZEN NONDAIRY DES- FTC: US37 NO SULFITE ADDED CLAIM OR SERT [A0206] BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES USE [US63] FTC: P0112 nonfat food BT: ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT- USE: FAT FREE FOOD [P0054] NORTH DAKOTA RELATED CLAIM OR USE FTC: US38 [P0106] NONMEAT PART OF ANIMAL BT: MIDWESTERN STATES FTC: C0122 [US61] NO SULFITE ADDED CLAIM OR BT: ANIMAL BODY OR BODY USE PART [C0127] north korea FTC: P0112 SN: Bone, feathers, shell, skin or USE: KOREA, DEMOCRATIC BT: PRESERVATIVE-RELATED trim fat. *BLOOD* AND *INK, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CLAIM OR USE [P0110] AQUATIC ANIMAL* are listed [KP] under organ meat. NO TREATMENT APPLIED northeast asia FTC: H0003 NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE: ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED FTC: A0142 [H0111] BT: SWEETENER [A0237] NORTHEASTERN STATES UF: sweetener, nonnutritive FTC: US62 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 163

BT: UNITED STATES [US] NOT HEAT-TREATED SN: With the exception of peanut FTC: F0003 (see *PEANUT OR PEANUT NORTHERN ANCHOVY BT: F. EXTENT OF HEAT BUTTER ADDED*), used FTC: B1855 TREATMENT [F0011] when a nut or seed ingredient BT: ANCHOVY FAMILY [B1854] UF: not cooked or raw is the second ingredient in or- UF: anchovy, northern UF: raw or uncooked der of predominance. UF: engraulis mordax UF: uncooked or raw SN: Used when no heat treatment NUT OR SEED PRODUCT northern bluefin tuna was applied or, if the extent of FTC: A0306 USE: LONGTAIL TUNA [B1004] heat applied did not result in BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA significant changes in the [A0289] NORTHERN HORSE MUSSEL food. FTC: B1037 nut, shelled (part or portion) BT: MUSSEL [B1223] NOT PASTEURIZED CLAIM OR USE USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] UF: modiolus modiolus FTC: P0121 BT: PROCESSING-RELATED nutgrass northern lobster CLAIM OR USE [P0119] USE: NUTSEDGE [B2503] USE: AMERICAN LOBSTER [B1949] notacanthidae NUTMEG USE: SPINY EEL FAMILY [B2526] FTC: B1214 NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: MP notacanthus chemnitzi PRODUCING PLANT BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: SPINY EEL [B2527] [B1179] [QU] UF: myristica fragrans UF: marianas islands notodarus spp. USE: ARROW SQUID [B2683] nutmeg flower NORTHERN PIKE USE: CUMIN, BLACK [B1176] FTC: B1143 notogaleus australis BT: PIKE FAMILY [B1826] USE: SCHOOL SHARK [B2282] NUTRIA UF: esox lucius FTC: B2094 notropis spp. BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) NORTHERN PUFFER USE: SHINER [B1908] [B1134] FTC: B2239 BT: PUFFERFISH FAMILY NUTRIENT [B1990] FTC: CA07 FTC: A0432 UF: sea squab BT: CANADA [CA] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: sphoeroides maculatus CODEX ALIMENTARIUS numida meleagris [A0351] NORTHERN QUAHOG USE: GUINEA FOWL [B1125] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B1068 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: CLAM [B1331] NUT 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: cherrystone clam FTC: B1213 UF: clam, cherrystone BT: NUT OR EDIBLE SEED NUTRIENT OR DIETARY SUB- UF: mercenaria mercenaria [B1607] STANCE ADDED UF: venus mercenaria FTC: H0194 nut bread BT: INGREDIENT ADDED NORTHERN SHRIMP USE: QUICK BREAD, SWEET- [H0225] FTC: B1970 ENED [A0183] UF: enriched BT: PANDALID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: fortified [B1119] NUT MILK UF: restored UF: pandalus borealis FTC: C0214 SN: Used when a chemical con- BT: SEED PART, OTHER stituent is added for nutrient northern white shrimp [C0178] supplementation. Not used USE: WHITE SHRIMP [B1149] UF: milk, nut when the constituent is added SN: A liquid enclosed by the en- to improve the functional NORTHWEST TERRITORIES dosperm of nuts. properties of the food product. FTC: CA06 If the purpose of the constitu- BT: CANADA [CA] NUT OR EDIBLE SEED ent is not known, use the ap- FTC: B1607 propriate index term. NORWAY BT: GRAIN OR SEED- FTC: NO PRODUCING PLANT NUTRITION-RELATED CLAIM OR BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] [B1047] USE FTC: P0065 NORWAY LOBSTER nut or fruit candy BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- FTC: B1956 USE: FRUIT OR NUT CANDY TARY USE [P0023] BT: CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY [A0161] [B1986] nutritive carbohydrate sweetener UF: nephrops norvegicus NUT OR NUT PRODUCT USE: NUTRITIVE SWEETENER UF: scampi FTC: A0260 [A0118] BT: NUT OR SEED PRODUCT nose meat [A0306] NUTRITIVE SWEETENER USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] SN: Nuts in all forms, including nut FTC: A0118 butters and pastes. BT: SWEETENER [A0237] not cooked or raw UF: nutritive carbohydrate sweet- USE: NOT HEAT-TREATED NUT OR SEED ADDED ener [F0003] FTC: H0177 UF: sweetener, nutritive BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180]

164 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SN: A substance having greater UF: arctica islandica AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- than 2% of the caloric value per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome of sucrose per equivalent unit ocimum basilicum 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 of sweetening capacity. For USE: BASIL, SWEET [B1158] example, the amount of such oenothera biennis subtance having the sweeten- ocimum frutescens USE: EVENING PRIMROSE ing capacity of 1 teaspoon of USE: PERILLA [B2919] [B2109] sucrose would have more than 0.4 calories (21 CFR ocimum minimum OGEN MELON 170.3(o)(21)). USE: BASIL, BUSH [B1145] FTC: B2120 BT: MELON [B1283] NUTRITIVE SWEETENER ADDED OCTOPUS FTC: H0105 FTC: B1514 OHELOBERRY BT: SWEETENER ADDED BT: CEPHALOPOD [B2116] FTC: B1688 [H0202] UF: eledone spp. BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SN: Used when a nutritive sweet- UF: octopus spp. CAL FRUIT [B1024] ener is the second or third in- UF: polypus UF: vaccinium reticulatum gredient in order of predomi- nance. If the nutrient content octopus maculosus ohia is known, *NUTRITIVE USE: SPOTTED OCTOPUS USE: MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] SWEETENER ADDED* [B1054] should be specified when the OHIO nutritive sweetener from all octopus spp. FTC: US39 sources amounts to more USE: OCTOPUS [B1514] BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES than 5%. [US60] OCTYL GALLATE NUTSEDGE FTC: B3175 OIL CONTENT (EUROPE) FTC: B2503 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: Z0172 BT: GRAIN [B1324] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD CONTENT RANGE UF: cyperus rotundus ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] (EUROPE) [Z0176] UF: nutgrass UF: E 311 UF: purple nutsedge UF: INS 311 OIL CONTENT < 25% FTC: Z0175 NYLON OCTYL GALLATE ADDED BT: OIL CONTENT (EUROPE) FTC: N0027 FTC: H0600 [Z0172] BT: PLASTIC [N0036] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: A generic term for a class of EUROPEAN COMMU- OIL CONTENT > 50% polyamides containing repeat- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: Z0173 ing amide groups connected TARIUS [H0399] BT: OIL CONTENT (EUROPE) by methylene units. The most UF: E 311 added [Z0172] common types used in food UF: INS 311 added industry are ny-lon-66 and ny- OIL CONTENT 25-50% lon-11. ocumo FTC: Z0174 USE: MALANGA [B1499] BT: OIL CONTENT (EUROPE) NYLON 11 CONTAINER [Z0172] FTC: M0361 odina edulis BT: POLYAMIDE CONTAINER USE: WILD GRAPE [B2825] oil or fat [M0359] USE: FAT OR OIL [C0190] UF: amino undecan acid container odobenus rosmarus USE: WALRUS [B2090] oil roasted NYLON 6,6 CONTAINER USE: COOKED WITH ADDED FAT FTC: M0362 odocoileus hemionus OR OIL [G0025] BT: POLYAMIDE CONTAINER USE: MULE DEER [B1622] [M0359] OIL SARDINE UF: caprolactan container odocoileus virginianus FTC: B1966 USE: WHITE-TAILED DEER BT: SARDINE [B1558] OAT [B1537] UF: tamban FTC: B1219 BT: GRAIN [B1324] odontaspididae OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: avena sativa USE: SAND TIGER FAMILY FTC: B1017 [B2754] BT: PLANT USED FOR PRO- OAT ADDED DUCING EXTRACT OR FTC: H0322 odontaspis taurus CONCENTRATE [B1013] BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] USE: SAND TIGER [B2718] OKLAHOMA ocean perch odonthestes regia FTC: US40 USE: REDFISH OR OCEAN USE: SOUTH AMERICAN SIL- BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES PERCH [B1153] VERSIDE [B1885] [US64]

OCEAN POUT odontophorinae OKRA FTC: B1845 USE: PARTRIDGE [B1382] FTC: B1241 BT: EELPOUT FAMILY [B1846] BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- UF: macrozoarces americanus ODOUR REMOVING AGENT BLE [B1006] FTC: A0433 UF: abelmoschus esculentus OCEAN QUAHOG BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B1953 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS OLALLIEBERRY BT: CLAM [B1331] [A0351] FTC: B2609 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 165

BT: BLACKBERRY [B1407] USE: STRIPED SNAKEHEAD SN: CFSAN thesaurus--a black oncorhynchus [B2307] berry that is a cross between USE: PACIFIC SALMON [B1126] the loganberry and the ophidia youngberry cultivated in cali- oncorhynchus clarki USE: SNAKE [B1295] fornia and oregon. USE: CUTTHROAT TROUT [B2869] ophidiidae OLAX USE: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] FTC: B2812 oncorhynchus gorbuscha BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: PINK SALMON [B1116] ophiodon elongatus CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: LINGCOD [B1384] UF: olax obtusifolia oncorhynchus keta USE: CHUM SALMON [B1115] opisthonema libertate olax obtusifolia USE: DEEPBODY THREAD HER- USE: OLAX [B2812] oncorhynchus kisutch RING [B1980] USE: COHO SALMON [B1117] old cocoyam opisthonema oblieri USE: TARO [B1636] oncorhynchus masou USE: DEEPBODY THREAD HER- USE: CHERRY SALMON [B1108] RING [B1980] olea europaea USE: OLIVE [B1299] oncorhynchus mykiss opisthonema oglinum USE: RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] USE: ATLANTIC THREAD HER- OLIGOSACCHARIDE RING [B1851] FTC: C0226 oncorhynchus nerka BT: CARBOHYDRATE [C0152] USE: SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] opisthonema spp. SN: Complex carbohydrate with USE: THREAD HERRING [B1239] molecules composed of three oncorhynchus spp. to ten saccharide units (spe- USE: SALMON [B2250] OPOSSUM cifically dextrin). May be FTC: B1450 slightly sweet to the taste. oncorhynchus tshawytscha BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) USE: CHINOOK SALMON [B1132] [B1134] OLIGOSACCHARIDE ADDED UF: didelphidae FTC: H0240 onderdonk grape BT: CARBOHYDRATE ADDED USE: GRAPE, ONDERDONK opsanus [H0209] [B2124] USE: TOADFISH [B2187] SN: Complex carbohydrates with molecules consisting of three ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE opuntia ficus-indica to ten saccharide units (spe- FTC: M0226 USE: INDIAN FIG [B2019] cifically dextrin). Disaccha- BT: ADHESIVE [M0221] rides are considered as sug- opuntia occidentalis ars. ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE, USE: INDIAN FIG [B2019] ORGANIC SOLVENT OLIVE FTC: M0227 opuntia spp. FTC: B1299 BT: ONE COMPONENT ADHE- USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- SIVE [M0226] BLE [B1006] opuntia vulgaris UF: manzanilla olive ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE, USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] UF: olea europaea WATER SOLUBLE FTC: M0228 orach OLIVE BT: ONE COMPONENT ADHE- USE: GARDEN ORACH [B2751] FTC: B1299 SIVE [M0226] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT ORANGE [B1017] ONION FTC: B1339 UF: manzanilla olive FTC: B1300 BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] UF: olea europaea BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: batavian orange PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: citrus sinensis OLIVE OIL ADDED BULB USED [B1018] UF: mozambique orange FTC: H0341 UF: allium cepa UF: sweet orange BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL UF: cebolla UF: tight-skinned orange ADDED [H0263] UF: west african sweet orange ONION ADDED OLIVE ROCKFISH FTC: H0349 orange agaric FTC: B1771 BT: VEGETABLE ADDED USE: LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY [H0212] [B2740] [B1084] SN: Used for special studies only. UF: rockfish, olive ORANGE AND APRICOT UF: sebastes serranoides onion and pea FTC: B1709 USE: PEA AND ONION [B1605] BT: ORANGE [B1339] OLYMPIA OYSTER UF: apricot and orange FTC: B1958 ONTARIO BT: OYSTER [B1224] FTC: CA08 ORANGE AND APRICOT UF: BT: CANADA [CA] FTC: B1709 UF: western oyster BT: APRICOT [B1529] ophicephalus obscurus UF: apricot and orange OMAN USE: SNAKEHEAD [B2308] FTC: OM orange and grapefruit BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] ophicephalus striatus

166 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: GRAPEFRUIT AND OR- BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] the quality and safety of the ANGE [B1028] food supply. OREO DORY orange and pineapple FTC: B2577 ORGANIC OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR USE: PINEAPPLE AND ORANGE BT: OREO FAMILY [B2576] PRODUCTION [B1631] FTC: Z0210 oreo dory, black BT: OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR ORANGE COUNTY, FL USE: BLACK OREO DORY [Z0208] FTC: US12A [B2578] AI: Organic: grown with only animal or vegetable orange melon oreo dory, smooth fertilisers, as manure, bone USE: MANGO MELON [B2042] USE: SMOOTH OREO DORY meal, compost, etc. (Source: [B2579] Webster's) ORANGE ROUGHY FTC: B2328 OREO FAMILY ORGANIC UNDER BT: SLIMEHEAD FAMILY FTC: B2576 GLASS/PROTECTED PRO- [B1942] BT: FISH, ZEIFORM [B1895] DUCTION UF: deep sea perch FTC: Z0213 ORGAN MEAT BT: UNDER orbignya barbosiana FTC: C0218 GLASS/PROTECTED USE: BABASSU PALM [B1707] BT: MEAT PART [C0103] [Z0211] UF: variety meat AI: Organic: grown orbignya speciosa SN: Edible organ meat, including with only animal or vegetable USE: BABASSU PALM [B1707] blood and bone marrow. fertilisers, as manure, bone meal, compost, etc. (Source: ORCHARDGRASS ORGAN MEAT ADDED Webster's) FTC: B2337 FTC: H0307 BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD BT: MEAT ADDED [H0191] organically grown label claim SOURCE [B1347] USE: ORGANIC FOOD CLAIM OR UF: cocksfoot ORGAN MEAT, CARDIOVASCULAR USE [P0128] UF: dactylis glomerata SYSTEM FTC: C0129 ORIENTAL BLUE CRAB OREGANO BT: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] FTC: B2214 FTC: B1542 BT: SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE SYS- [B2212] PRODUCING PLANT TEM UF: formosan crab [B1179] FTC: C0106 UF: portunus trituberculatus UF: european oregano BT: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] UF: marjoram, wild ORIENTAL CASHEW UF: oregano, common ORGAN MEAT, OTHER SYSTEMS FTC: B2517 UF: oregano, european FTC: C0255 BT: CASHEW [B1221] UF: origanum BT: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] UF: origanum vulgare SN: Meat from organs that do not oriental garlic UF: wild marjoram belong to the cardiovascular, USE: CHINESE CHIVE [B2419] digestive or urogenital sys- oregano, common tem. oriental pear USE: OREGANO [B1542] USE: SAND PEAR [B1523] ORGAN MEAT, UROGENITAL SYS- oregano, european TEM ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE USE: OREGANO [B1542] FTC: C0145 CONTAINER BT: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] FTC: M0376 oregano, lippia BT: POLYPROPYLENE CON- USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN ORGANIC FOOD CLAIM OR USE TAINER [M0374] [B2262] FTC: P0128 BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- origan OREGANO, MEXICAN TARY USE [P0023] USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN FTC: B2262 UF: no pesticides claim or use [B2262] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: organically grown label claim PRODUCING PLANT SN: The 1990 Farm Act specifies origanum [B1179] that a food labeled 'organic' USE: OREGANO [B1542] UF: lippia graveolens must meet four requirements: UF: mexican marjoram 1) the food must be raised by origanum heracleoticum UF: mexican oregano specified methods to replen- USE: MARJORAM, POT [B1097] UF: mexican sage ish and maintain the fertility of UF: mexican sage, origan the soil; 2) the food must be origanum majorana UF: mexican wild sage certified as having been pro- USE: SWEET MARJORAM UF: oregano, lippia duced with a nationally ap- [B1609] UF: oreganum proved list of materials and UF: origan practices; 3) to be eligible for origanum onites UF: sage, mexican certification at least three USE: MARJORAM, POT [B1097] years must have elapsed be- oreganum tween the first organic harvest origanum vulgare USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN and first use of nationally ap- USE: OREGANO [B1542] [B2262] proved materials on land and crops;and 4) organic foods ORNATE SPINY LOBSTER OREGON must meet all local, state and FTC: B2165 FTC: US41 federal regulations governing LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 167

BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY UF: struthio camelus UF: limpet, giant owl [B2163] UF: lottia gigantea UF: panulirus ornatus otaheite ambarella USE: AMBARELLA [B1284] OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE WAX orthostemon sellowiana FTC: B3177 USE: PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] OTAHEITE GOOSEBERRY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2360 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ORTOPHENYL PHENOL BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3176 CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: E 914 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: mayom UF: INS 914 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: phyllanthus acidis ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE WAX UF: E 231 otariidae ADDED UF: INS 231 USE: SEAL [B1341] FTC: H0602 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ORTOPHENYL PHENOL ADDED OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0601 FTC: B2973 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1041] UF: E 914 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 914 added TARIUS [H0399] other constituent- or ingredient-related UF: E 231 added claim or use OXIDIZED STARCH UF: INS 231 added USE: OTHER INGREDIENT- OR FTC: B3178 CONSTITUENT-RELATED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- oryctolagus spp. CLAIM OR USE [P0115] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: RABBIT [B1323] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] OTHER FOODS UF: E 1404 oryza glaberrima FTC: A0467 UF: INS 1404 USE: RED RICE [B2512] AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 OXIDIZED STARCH ADDED oryza sativa OTHER INGREDIENT- OR CON- FTC: H0603 USE: RICE [B1322] STITUENT-RELATED CLAIM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, OR USE EUROPEAN COMMU- oryziidae FTC: P0115 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: RICEFISH FAMILY [B2372] BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- TARIUS [H0399] TARY USE [P0023] UF: E 1404 added osmeridae UF: other constituent- or ingredi- UF: INS 1404 added USE: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] ent-related claim or use OXIDIZING AGENT osmerus mordax OTHER SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE FTC: A0434 USE: RAINBOW SMELT [B1905] FTC: P0159 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- CODEX ALIMENTARIUS osmerus thaleichthys TARY USE [P0023] [A0351] USE: SMELT [B1310] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- OTHER SUBSTANCE COATED OR per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome OSMOTICALLY DRIED COVERED 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: J0124 FTC: H0356 BT: DEHYDRATED OR DRIED BT: COATED OR COVERED OXYGEN [J0116] [H0353] FTC: B3179 SN: Reduction of water in the BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- product by osmosis. OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: Z0208 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] osmunda cinnamomea BT: GROWING CONDITIONS UF: E 948 USE: CINNAMON FERN [B2017] [Z0207] UF: INS 948 osteichthyes OVAL KUMQUAT OXYGEN ADDED USE: FISH, BONY [B1365] FTC: B2774 FTC: H0604 BT: KUMQUAT [B1530] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ostrea laperousei UF: fortunella margarita EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: JAPANESE OYSTER UF: nagami kumquat NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [B2876] TARIUS [H0399] OVARY, ROE UF: E 948 added ostrea lurida FTC: C0202 UF: INS 948 added USE: OLYMPIA OYSTER [B1958] BT: ORGAN MEAT, UROGENI- TAL SYSTEM [C0145] OYSTER ostrea lutaria UF: roe FTC: B1224 USE: NEW ZEALAND DREDGE SN: The female reproductive or- BT: BIVALVE [B2113] OYSTER [B2690] gans of animals (e.g., fish UF: crassostrea spp. roe, coral of a lobster). UF: ostrea spp. ostrea spp. USE: OYSTER [B1224] ovis spp. OYSTER MUSHROOM USE: SHEEP [B1183] FTC: B1632 OSTRICH BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] FTC: B2118 OWL LIMPET UF: pleurotus ostreatus BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD FTC: B2357 [B1563] BT: LIMPET [B2279] oyster plant UF: rheidae UF: giant owl limpet USE: SALSIFY [B1551]

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BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: B1126 P. CONSUMER GROUP/DIETARY FAMILY [B1856] BT: SALMON [B2250] USE/LABEL CLAIM UF: halibut, pacific UF: oncorhynchus FTC: P0032 UF: hippoglossus stenolepsis UF: salmon, pacific SN: Consumer group, human or animal, for which the food PACIFIC HERRING PACIFIC SARDINE product is produced and mar- FTC: B1575 FTC: B1847 keted; dietary use, where the BT: HERRING [B1414] BT: SARDINE [B1558] food has special characteris- UF: clupea harengus pallasi UF: sardine, pacific tics, claims or uses or is in- UF: sardinops sagax caeruleus tended for individuals with PACIFIC LITTLENECK CLAM particular dietary needs; and FTC: B1035 PACIFIC SAURY label or labeling claims, used BT: CLAM [B1331] FTC: B1890 when special dietary use fac- UF: protothaca staminea BT: SAURY FAMILY [B1888] tor terms were derived from UF: cololabis saira actual food labels. Multiple pacific mackerel UF: mackerel pike descriptors may be used from USE: CHUB MACKEREL [B1570] UF: saury, pacific all three categories. UF: skipper (pacific saury) PACIFIC OCEAN pachygrapsus crassipes FTC: PAOC PACIFIC SIERRA USE: LINED SHORE CRAB BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: B1793 [B2221] BT: MACKEREL [B1043] PACIFIC OCEAN EAST FISHING UF: scomberomorus sierra pachylobus balsamiflora AREA UF: sierra, pacific USE: TOOTH-BRUSH TREE FTC: AA77 [B2814] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PACIFIC SNAPPER FTC: B2149 pachylobus edulis PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] USE: EBEN TREE [B2768] FTC: QU UF: lutjanus peru BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES UF: pacific red snapper pachylobus trimera AND REGIONS [QX] USE: TOOTH-BRUSH TREE pacific white shrimp [B2814] PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHEAST USE: WHITELEG SHRIMP [B2234] FISHING AREA pachyrhizus erosus FTC: AA67 PACIFIC WHITING USE: JICAMA [B1738] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] FTC: B1137 BT: WHITING [B1640] pachyrhizus tuberosus PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHWEST UF: merluccius productus USE: JICAMA [B1738] FISHING AREA UF: pacific hake FTC: AA61 pacific blue marlin BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PACKAGING GAS USE: BLUE MARLIN [B2325] FTC: A0343 PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- pacific blue shrimp FTC: B1034 CATION, EUROPEAN USE: BLUE SHRIMP [B2233] BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY COMMUNITY [A0324] [B1084] AI: Gas other than air, introduced PACIFIC BONITO UF: sebastes alutus into a container before, during FTC: B1791 or after the placing of a food- BT: BONITO [B1264] PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING stuff in that container. Euro- UF: bonito, pacific AREA pean Council Directive UF: sarda chiliensis FTC: AA88 95/2/EC. BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PACIFIC COD PACKED IN ACIDIFIED SALT BRINE FTC: B1841 PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST FTC: K0022 BT: COD [B1423] FISHING AREA BT: PACKED IN SALT BRINE UF: cod, pacific FTC: AA87 [K0018] UF: gadus macrocephalus BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] packed in air PACIFIC DEEP SEA CRAB PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST USE: NO PACKING MEDIUM FTC: B2229 FISHING AREA USED [K0003] BT: DEEP SEA CRAB FAMILY FTC: AA81 [B2228] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PACKED IN ANIMAL FAT OR OIL UF: geryon granulatus FTC: K0046 UF: japanese deep sea crab PACIFIC OCEAN WEST FISHING BT: PACKED IN FAT OR OIL AREA [K0026] PACIFIC GEODUCK FTC: AA71 FTC: B2538 BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PACKED IN BROTH BT: CLAM [B1331] FTC: K0042 UF: clam, pacific geoduck PACIFIC OYSTER BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- UF: panopea abrupta FTC: B1979 DIUM [K0011] BT: OYSTER [B1224] SN: Packed in broth; includes pacific hake UF: crassostrea gigas meat, poultry or seafood USE: PACIFIC WHITING [B1137] packed in its' own juice. pacific red snapper PACIFIC HALIBUT USE: PACIFIC SNAPPER [B2149] PACKED IN CARBON DIOXIDE FTC: B1876 FTC: K0028 PACIFIC SALMON LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 169

BT: PACKED IN GAS OTHER BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- less than 4% salt, use THAN AIR [K0014] DIUM [K0011] 'packed in water'. packed in combustion-producing gas PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE PACKED IN SLIGHTLY SWEET- USE: PACKED IN GAS MIXTURE FTC: K0034 ENED WATER OR JUICE [K0032] BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- FTC: K0030 DIUM [K0011] BT: PACKED IN SWEETENED PACKED IN CREAM OR MILK UF: gravy added LIQUID [K0023] FTC: K0043 UF: sauce added BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- PACKED IN SWEETENED BRINE DIUM [K0011] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, FTC: K0019 DAIRY OR EGG COMPO- BT: PACKED IN SALT BRINE PACKED IN EDIBLE MEDIUM NENT [K0018] FTC: K0011 FTC: K0033 BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM BT: PACKED IN GRAVY OR PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID [K0020] SAUCE [K0034] FTC: K0023 SN: Packed in a medium that is BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- also a food product. Ingredi- PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, DIUM [K0011] ents that are introduced FRUIT SN: Packed in sweetened water through the packing medium FTC: K0045 or in sweetened and/or con- are indexed as appropriate BT: PACKED IN GRAVY OR centrated fruit juice. For sin- under *INGREDIENT OR SAUCE [K0034] gle-strength unsweetened FOOD ADDED* found in *H. fruit juice, use *PACKED IN TREATMENT APPLIED*. PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, FRUIT JUICE*. When the MEAT specific terms under PACKED IN EXTRA HEAVILY FTC: K0036 *PACKED IN SWEETENED SWEETENED LIQUID BT: PACKED IN GRAVY OR LIQUID* are used, the state- FTC: K0024 SAUCE [K0034] ment seen on the product la- BT: PACKED IN SWEETENED bel should be used for index- LIQUID [K0023] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, ing. For additional informa- VEGETABLE tion, see 21 CFR 145. PACKED IN FAT OR OIL FTC: K0037 FTC: K0026 BT: PACKED IN GRAVY OR PACKED IN VEGETABLE JUICE BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- SAUCE [K0034] FTC: K0016 DIUM [K0011] BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- PACKED IN HEAVILY SWEETENED DIUM [K0011] PACKED IN FRUIT JUICE LIQUID FTC: K0039 FTC: K0012 PACKED IN VEGETABLE OIL BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- BT: PACKED IN SWEETENED FTC: K0021 DIUM [K0011] LIQUID [K0023] BT: PACKED IN FAT OR OIL SN: Packed in unsweetened sin- [K0026] gle strength juice or juice pre- PACKED IN INK pared from concentrated fruit FTC: K0044 PACKED IN VINEGAR juice and water; if sweetener BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- FTC: K0029 is added to the fruit juice, use DIUM [K0011] BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- the appropriate term under SN: Packed in squid or octopus DIUM [K0011] *PACKED IN SWEETENED ink. SN: Used for vinegar-water mix- LIQUID*. ture with grain of at least 10. PACKED IN LIGHTLY SWEETENED For lower grain, use PACKED IN GAS MIXTURE WATER OR JUICE *PACKED IN WATER*. FTC: K0032 FTC: K0013 BT: PACKED IN GAS OTHER BT: PACKED IN SWEETENED PACKED IN VINEGAR AND OIL THAN AIR [K0014] LIQUID [K0023] FTC: K0040 UF: packed in combustion- BT: PACKED IN FAT OR OIL producing gas packed in modified air [K0026] UF: packed in modified air USE: PACKED IN GAS MIXTURE [K0032] PACKED IN VINEGAR AND OIL PACKED IN GAS OTHER THAN AIR FTC: K0040 FTC: K0014 PACKED IN NITROGEN BT: PACKED IN VINEGAR BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM FTC: K0031 [K0029] [K0020] BT: PACKED IN GAS OTHER SN: Packed in a modified atmos- THAN AIR [K0014] PACKED IN VINEGAR WITH phere that contributes to SUGAR preservation (e.g., apple- PACKED IN OLIVE OIL FTC: K0010 sauce packed with nitrogen in FTC: K0038 BT: PACKED IN VINEGAR the head space or tuna salad BT: PACKED IN VEGETABLE [K0029] sandwich packed in nitrogen- OIL [K0021] SN: Used for sweetened vinegar- containing polyethylene water mixture with grain of at wrapper). Also applicable to PACKED IN SALT BRINE least 10. For lower grain, use large-scale applications in FTC: K0018 *PACKED IN SWEETENED shipping or storage (e.g., BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- LIQUID*. meat under carbon dioxide in DIUM [K0011] a rail car). SN: Used only for food products PACKED IN WATER that are packed in a salt water FTC: K0017 PACKED IN GELATIN solution of 4% or more. For BT: PACKED IN EDIBLE ME- FTC: K0035 products packed in water with DIUM [K0011]

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SN: Used for products that are USE: RED PORGY [B2283] USE: GILCHRIST SPINY LOB- packed in water or in water STER [B2167] containing less than 4% salt, pagrus sedicem e.g., most canned vegeta- USE: RED PORGY [B2283] palinurus spp. bles. If a product normally USE: SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] packed in salted water is PAIL packed in salt free water, use FTC: M0219 palinurus vulgaris *NO SALT ADDED CLAIM BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- USE: COMMON SPINY LOBSTER OR USE*. PING BY FORM [M0195] [B2203]

PACKED WITH AEROSOL PRO- painted crayfish PALM PELLANT USE: PAINTED SPINY LOBSTER FTC: B1286 FTC: K0015 [B1948] BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM [B1017] [K0020] PAINTED SPINY LOBSTER UF: cycas spp. SN: Packed with a gas that is FTC: B1948 liquified under pressure and BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY PALM that upon release of the pres- [B2163] FTC: B1286 sure propels and aerates the UF: painted crayfish BT: CARBOHYDRATE- food product. See 21 CFR UF: panulirus versicolor PRODUCING PLANT 173.345 and 173.360 for sub- [B1048] stances used. PAINTED SWEETLIPS UF: cycas spp. FTC: B2566 PACKING GAS BT: GRUNT FAMILY [B1812] palm kernel oil added FTC: A0435 UF: diagramma pictum USE: PALM, PALM KERNEL OR BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: mother-in-law fish COCONUT OIL ADDED CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: plectorhynchus pictus [H0345] [A0351] UF: thicklip bream AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- palm oil added per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome pak choi USE: PALM, PALM KERNEL OR 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: BOK CHOY [B2077] COCONUT OIL ADDED [H0345] PACKING MEDIUM NOT KNOWN PAK KARD FTC: K0001 FTC: B2456 PALM, PALM KERNEL OR COCO- BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM BT: CABBAGE [B1406] NUT OIL ADDED [K0020] FTC: H0345 SN: Used when nothing is known PAKISTAN BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL about the packing medium, if FTC: PK ADDED [H0263] any is present. BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] UF: coconut oil added UF: palm kernel oil added packing medium not used (or packed palaemon serratus UF: palm oil added in air) USE: COMMON PRAWN [B2880] USE: NO PACKING MEDIUM PALOMETA USED [K0003] PALAEMONID SHRIMP FAMILY FTC: B2490 FTC: B1163 BT: POMPANO [B1475] PACKING MEDIUM, OTHER BT: SHRIMP [B1237] UF: garrick FTC: K0004 UF: palaemonidae UF: glaucus BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM UF: trachinotus glaucus [K0020] palaemonidae SN: Used when the packing me- USE: PALAEMONID SHRIMP palta dium does not fall under any FAMILY [B1163] USE: AVOCADO [B1470] of the major categories listed. PALAU PANAMA PADANG CASSIA FTC: PW FTC: PA FTC: B2944 BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] BT: CINNAMON [B1472] [QU] panama orange PADDLEFISH PALE TOADFISH USE: CALAMONDIN [B2625] FTC: B1412 FTC: B2915 BT: PADDLEFISH FAMILY BT: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] panax [B1896] UF: neophrynichthys angustus USE: GINSENG [B1673] UF: polyodon spathula SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent PANCAKE OR WAFFLE PADDLEFISH FAMILY Fishes, California Academy of FTC: A0194 FTC: B1896 Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scien- BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, BT: FISH, ACIPENSERIFORM tific name verifiable, common SWEETENED [A0135] [B1020] name inverified. UF: waffle or pancake UF: polyodontidae SN: A thin, sweetened bakery palinuridae product griddled or cooked in paddy straw mushroom USE: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY a heated mold. USE: STRAW MUSHROOM [B2163] [B1637] PANCREAS palinurus elephas FTC: C0204 pagellus erythrinus USE: COMMON SPINY LOBSTER BT: ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE USE: PANDORA [B2871] [B2203] SYSTEM [C0106] pagrus pagrus palinurus gilchristi pancreas or thymus LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 171

USE: THYMUS OR PANCREAS FTC: M0156 [C0109] panulirus versicolor BT: PAPERBOARD OR PAPER USE: PAINTED SPINY LOBSTER CONTAINER [M0159] PANDALID SHRIMP FAMILY [B1948] UF: cardboard box FTC: B1119 UF: cardboard container BT: SHRIMP [B1237] papaver UF: cardboard container USE: POPPY [B1515] pandalopsis dispar PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH USE: SIDESTRIPED SHRIMP PAPAYA ALUMINUM FOIL LINER [B2888] FTC: B1249 FTC: M0147 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER pandalus borealis CAL FRUIT [B1024] WITH LINER [M0155] USE: NORTHERN SHRIMP UF: carica papaya [B1970] UF: lechoza PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH UF: melon tree FOIL OR LINER OVER- PANDORA WRAP FTC: B2871 PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH FTC: M0192 BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] FTC: M0120 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER UF: pagellus erythrinus BT: PAPERBOARD OR PAPER [M0156] CONTAINER [M0159] panicum miliaceum PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH USE: MILLET, COMMON [B1285] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, LAMINATE LINER FOIL LINER FTC: M0142 panopea abrupta FTC: M0118 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER USE: PACIFIC GEODUCK [B2538] BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR WITH LINER [M0155] POUCH [M0120] panuliridae PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH USE: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, LINER [B2163] LAMINATE LINER FTC: M0155 FTC: M0119 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER panulirus argus BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR [M0156] USE: CARIBBEAN SPINY LOB- POUCH [M0120] STER [B2164] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, PAPER LINER panulirus burgeri PAPER LINER FTC: M0148 USE: SCALLOPED SPINY LOB- FTC: M0141 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER STER [B2204] BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR WITH LINER [M0155] POUCH [M0120] panulirus homarus PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH USE: SCALLOPED SPINY LOB- PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, PLASTIC LINER STER [B2204] PLASTIC LINER FTC: M0146 FTC: M0117 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER panulirus japonicus BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR WITH LINER [M0155] USE: JAPANESE SPINY LOB- POUCH [M0120] STER [B2168] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH PAPER COMBINED MATERIAL WINDOW panulirus lalandii FTC: M0345 FTC: M0154 USE: CAPE SPINY LOBSTER BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER [B2166] [M0156] PAPER CONTAINER, TREATED panulirus longipes FTC: M0330 PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, USE: LONGLEGGED SPINY LOB- BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR PLASTIC COATED STER [B2169] POUCH [M0120] FTC: M0153 BT: PAPERBOARD CON- panulirus ornatus PAPER CONTAINER, UNTREATED TAINER, SURFACE USE: ORNATE SPINY LOBSTER FTC: M0334 TREATED [M0341] [B2165] BT: PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH [M0120] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SUR- panulirus penicillatus FACE TREATED USE: PRONGHORN SPINY LOB- PAPER OR PAPERBOARD FTC: M0341 STER [B2202] FTC: N0039 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [M0156] panulirus regius FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- USE: ROYAL SPINY LOBSTER TERIAL [N0051] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SUR- [B2208] UF: paperboard or paper FACE TREATED BOTH SIDES panulirus rissonii PAPER WRAPPER FTC: M0342 USE: ROYAL SPINY LOBSTER FTC: M0173 BT: PAPERBOARD CON- [B2208] BT: PAPERBOARD OR PAPER TAINER, SURFACE CONTAINER [M0159] TREATED [M0341] PANULIRUS RISSORE FTC: B2201 PAPER-ALUMINIUM FOIL-PLASTIC PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SUR- BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY WRAPPER FACE TREATED INSIDE [B2163] FTC: M0351 FTC: M0343 BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] BT: PAPERBOARD CON- panulirus spp. TAINER, SURFACE USE: LOBSTER [B1505] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER TREATED [M0341]

172 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

paralonchurus spp. PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SUR- PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, USE: CROAKER [B1794] FACE TREATED OUTSIDE CAPSORUBIN ADDED FTC: M0344 FTC: H0605 PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISON- BT: PAPERBOARD CON- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ING TAINER, SURFACE EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: PSFP TREATED [M0341] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] TARIUS [H0399] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, UN- UF: E 160c added parapercis colias TREATED UF: INS 160c added USE: BLUE COD [B2290] FTC: M0340 BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER paprika, hot parastichopus californicus [M0156] USE: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- USE: SEA CUCUMBER [B2433] ETY [B2633] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, parastromateus niger WAXED paprika, hungarian USE: BLACK POMFRET [B2377] FTC: M0152 USE: PAPRIKA [B1353] BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER parathunnus [M0156] paprika, sweet USE: TUNA [B1269] USE: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET PAPERBOARD MOLDED PACK PEPPER [B2628] parathunnus mebachi FTC: M0150 USE: BIGEYE TUNA [B1069] BT: PAPERBOARD OR PAPER PAPUA NEW GUINEA CONTAINER [M0159] FTC: PG paratrachichthys BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: ROUGHY [B2327] paperboard or paper [QU] USE: PAPER OR PAPERBOARD UF: new guinea PARBOILED (GRAIN) [N0039] FTC: H0220 para nut BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY PAPERBOARD OR PAPER CON- USE: BRAZILNUT [B1463] MODIFIED [H0130] TAINER UF: parboiled (rice) FTC: M0159 paracentrotus lividus SN: Treated with moist heat to BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] soften the grain and to trans- PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] fer nutrients from the bran to PARAGUAY the endosperm. PAPERBOARD TRAY WITH WRAP- FTC: PY PER BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] parboiled (rice) FTC: M0129 USE: PARBOILED (GRAIN) BT: PAPERBOARD OR PAPER paraguay tea [H0220] CONTAINER [M0159] USE: MATE [B2059] PAREVE CLAIM OR USE PAPERBOARD TUBE WITH LID OR paralabrax FTC: P0168 ENDS USE: SEA BASS [B2180] BT: RELIGION- OR CUSTOMS- FTC: M0112 RELATED CLAIM OR USE BT: PAPERBOARD CONTAINER paralabrax callaensis [P0126] [M0156] USE: PERUVIAN SEA BASS UF: parve claim or use [B1761] PAPER-PAPER COMBINATION pargo raisero FTC: M0354 paralichthys californicus USE: STRIPED PARGO [B2565] BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] USE: CALIFORNIA HALIBUT [B1882] pargo, striped PAPER-PLASTIC COMBINATION USE: STRIPED PARGO [B2565] FTC: M0355 paralichthys dentatus BT: PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] USE: SUMMER FLOUNDER parinari curatellifolia [B1883] USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] australis USE: PIPI CLAM [B2682] paralichthys lethostigma parinari excelsa USE: SOUTHERN FLOUNDER USE: GRAY PLUM [B2828] papo canary tree [B1881] USE: INCENSE TREE [B2840] parinari holstii paralichthys microps USE: GRAY PLUM [B2828] PAPRIKA USE: SMALLEYE FLOUNDER FTC: B1353 [B2393] parinari macrophylla BT: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED USE: GINGERBREAD PLUM [B1250] paralithodes brevipes [B2829] UF: capsicum annuum var. lon- USE: HANASAKI CRAB [B1093] gum parinari mobola UF: paprika, hungarian paralithodes camtschaticus USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] USE: RED KING CRAB [B2211] PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, parinarium CAPSORUBIN paralithodes platypus USE: GRAY PLUM [B2828] FTC: B3180 USE: BLUE KING CRAB [B2210] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- parkia filicoidea PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX paralonchurus peruanus USE: AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: PERUVIAN CROAKER [B2926] UF: E 160c [B1797] UF: INS 160c parophrys vetulus LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 173

USE: ENGLISH SOLE [B1131] FTC: F0018 FTC: A0220 BT: HEAT-TREATED [F0022] BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- PARSLEY UF: brown and serve UCT [A0172] FTC: B1550 UF: cooked, partially SN: Prepared food product in BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: heat and serve which pasta in its cooked PRODUCING PLANT UF: partially baked form is the first or second in- [B1179] UF: partially cooked gredient. Examples are spa- UF: petroselinum crispum UF: prebaked ghetti with meat balls, maca- UF: petroselinum hortense UF: precooked roni and cheese, beef stro- UF: quick cooking ganoff with noodles, etc. Ex- PARSLEY ADDED SN: Used when heat was applied cludes *SOUP* and FTC: H0348 to a food product for a time *SALAD*. BT: VEGETABLE ADDED sufficient to partially change [H0212] its flavor and textural charac- PASTEURIZED BLENDED CHEESE SN: Used for special studies only. teristics and to cause some FTC: A0145 chemical changes and/or BT: PASTEURIZED CHEESE PARSNIP some reduction in enzyme PRODUCT [A0117] FTC: B1483 and microbial activity. The SN: Pasteurized cheese product BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING product can be readied for made without emulsifier and PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR consumption in a shortened with optional milkfat or cream. BULB USED [B1018] cooking time. Products la- Milkfat minimum 47% of sol- beled 'quick cooking' are of- ids (43% for swiss, 45% for PART OF ALGAE OR FUNGUS ten partially heat treated. gruyere). Moisture maximum FTC: C0247 Some products are con- 51%. (21 CFR 133.167). BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR sumed partially heat-treated, ANIMAL [C0116] e.g., pasteurized milk, PASTEURIZED BY HEAT blanched broccoli, or rare FTC: J0135 PART OF ANIMAL beef. BT: PRESERVED BY HEAT FTC: C0164 TREATMENT [J0120] BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID FORMED SN: Used when the product is ANIMAL [C0116] PRODUCTS held at a temperature of 60- SN: Anatomical part of an animal; FTC: Z0097 95 degrees C (140-200 de- includes eggs and milk that, BT: ADJUNCT CHARACTERIS- grees F) for a time sufficient although separated from the TICS OF MEAT, POULTRY to destroy most pathogenic animal, are prouced as inte- OR FISH [Z0049] and food spoilage organisms. gral parts and are affected by When followed by refrigera- the animal's food intake and PARTRIDGE tion, also index metabolism. FTC: B1382 *PRESERVED BY STOR- BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD AGE IN REFRIGERATION*. PART OF PLANT [B1563] FTC: C0174 UF: odontophorinae PASTEURIZED BY HEAT AFTER BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR UF: perdicinae FILLING ANIMAL [C0116] UF: perdrix FTC: J0158 SN: Anatomical part of a plant, BT: PASTEURIZED BY HEAT such as fruit, seed, pod, leaf, parve claim or use [J0135] stem or flower as well as the USE: PAREVE CLAIM OR USE SN: Used when a product is pas- whole plant. [P0168] teurized by holding at a pas- teurization temperature after PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL NOT PEPPER filling. APPLICABLE FTC: B2560 FTC: C0005 BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] PASTEURIZED BY HEAT BEFORE BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR UF: pepper, pasilla FILLING ANIMAL [C0116] FTC: J0159 SN: Used only for chemical food passiflora edulis BT: PASTEURIZED BY HEAT products. USE: PASSION FRUIT [B1634] [J0135] SN: Used when a product is pas- PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL NOT passiflora macrocarpa teurized by holding at a pas- KNOWN USE: GIANT GRANADILLA teurization temperature before FTC: C0001 [B2785] filling. BT: C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL [C0116] passiflora mollisima PASTEURIZED BY IRRADIATION SN: Used only in conjunction with USE: BANANA PASSIONFRUIT FTC: J0119 *FOOD SOURCE NOT [B2028] BT: PRESERVED BY IONIZING KNOWN*, i.e., if it is not RADIATION [J0122] known whether the food passiflora quadrangularis SN: Used when sufficient radiation source is animal, plant, mi- USE: GIANT GRANADILLA (e.g. 10 kGy) is applied to de- croorganism or chemical. [B2785] stroy most patho-genic and food spoilage organisms. partially baked PASSION FRUIT Also index *PRESERVED BY USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- FTC: B1634 STORAGE IN REFRIGERA- TREATED [F0018] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- TION*. CAL FRUIT [B1024] partially cooked UF: granadilla PASTEURIZED CHEESE PRODUCT USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- UF: passiflora edulis FTC: A0117 TREATED [F0018] UF: purple granadilla BT: PROCESSED CHEESE PRODUCT [A0282] PARTIALLY HEAT-TREATED PASTA DISH

174 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SN: Food prepared by commin- would be apple strudel, dan- FTC: B1605 uting and mixing, with the aid ish pastry or cream puff. BT: ONION [B1300] of heat, one or more natural UF: onion and pea cheeses, with or without addi- PASTRY, UNSWEETENED, FILLED tional ingredients, into a ho- FTC: A0103 PEA AND ONION mogeneous plastic mass; the BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- FTC: B1605 product is packed while hot. UCT WITH BAKERY BASE BT: PEA [B1338] See 21 CFR 133.167-180 for OR ENCLOSURE, UN- UF: onion and pea lists of cheeses that cannot SWEETENED [A0102] be used. UF: empanada pea bean UF: knish USE: NAVY OR PEA BEAN PASTEURIZED CHEESE SPREAD UF: turnover, unsweetened [B1560] FTC: A0266 BT: PASTEURIZED CHEESE patella caerulea PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTIVARS PRODUCT [A0117] USE: LIMPET [B2279] FTC: B1031 SN: Pasteurized cheese product BT: PEA [B1338] made without emulsifier and patella vulgata UF: chinese pea with opional dairy ingredients. USE: LIMPET [B2279] UF: edible-podded pea Milkfat minimum 20% of total; UF: pisum sativum var. macro- moisture minimum 44%, PATENT BLUE V carpon maximum 60% (21 CFR FTC: B3181 UF: sugar pod garden pea 133.175, 133.176). BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTIVARS PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1001 FTC: A0110 UF: E 131 BT: PEA [B1338] BT: PASTEURIZED CHEESE UF: INS 131 PRODUCT [A0117] pea, smooth skin cultivars SN: Pasteurized cheese product PATENT BLUE V ADDED USE: ALASKA PEA [B1326] made with mandatory emulsi- FTC: H0606 fier and optional milkfat or BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEA, SMOOTH WRINKLED cream. Milkfat minimum 47% EUROPEAN COMMU- CROSSES of solids (43% for swiss, 45% NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1042 for gruyere); moisture maxi- TARIUS [H0399] BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- mum 51% (21 CFR 133.169, UF: E 131 added VARS [B1001] 133.170, 133.171). UF: INS 131 added pea, sweet PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE paua USE: SWEET PEA [B1487] FOOD USE: BLACKFOOT ABALONE FTC: A0111 [B2681] pea, wrinkled cultivars BT: PASTEURIZED CHEESE USE: SWEET PEA [B1487] PRODUCT [A0117] PAULINIA SN: Pasteurized cheese product FTC: B2813 PEACH made with optional emulsifier BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B1350 and optional dairy ingredients. CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] Milkfat minimum 23% of total; UF: paullinia pinnata UF: prunus persica moisture maximum 44%. paullinia cupana PEACH, CLINGSTONE PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE USE: GUARANA [B2063] FTC: B1593 SPREAD BT: PEACH [B1350] FTC: A0109 paullinia pinnata UF: clingstone peach BT: PASTEURIZED CHEESE USE: PAULINIA [B2813] PRODUCT [A0117] PEACH, FREESTONE SN: Pasteurized cheese product PAWPAW FTC: B1585 made with mandatory emulsi- FTC: B1202 BT: PEACH [B1350] fier and optional dairy ingredi- BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] ents. Milkfat minimum 20% of UF: asimina triloba PEANUT total; moisture minimum 44%, FTC: B1337 maximum 60% (21 CFR PEA BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT 133.179, 133.180). FTC: B1338 [B1017] BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE UF: arachis hypogaea PASTRY SHELL, UNSWEETENED [B1156] UF: earthnut FTC: A0108 UF: english pea UF: groundnut BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- UF: garden pea SWEETENED [A0107] UF: green pea PEANUT UF: puff pastry UF: pisum sativum FTC: B1337 BT: NUT [B1213] PASTRY, SWEETENED PEA AND CARROT UF: arachis hypogaea FTC: A0202 FTC: B1613 UF: earthnut BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, BT: CARROT [B1227] UF: groundnut SWEETENED [A0135] UF: carrot and pea SN: Sweetened bakery product PEANUT OIL ADDED consisting of a sweetened or PEA AND CARROT FTC: H0344 unsweetened pastry shell or FTC: B1613 BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL enclosure containing a BT: PEA [B1338] ADDED [H0263] sweetened filling, usually fruit, UF: carrot and pea cheese or custard. Examples PEANUT OR PEANUT BUTTER PEA AND ONION ADDED LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 175

FTC: H0124 BT: STABILIZER ADDED FTC: B1081 BT: NUT OR SEED ADDED [H0368] BT: SHRIMP [B1237] [H0177] SN: Used when pectin is added at UF: penaeidae SN: Used when peanut or peanut any level. butter is added at any level. penaeidae PECTIN ADDED USE: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY PEANUT WITH OTHER NUT OR FTC: H0607 [B1081] SEED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1525 EUROPEAN COMMU- penaeus aztecus BT: PEANUT [B1337] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] TARIUS [H0399] peapod UF: E 440 added penaeus brasiliensis USE: SNOW PEA [B2466] UF: INS 440 added USE: PINKSPOTTED SHRIMP [B1957] PEAR PECTIN JELLY CANDY FTC: B1344 FTC: A0255 penaeus brevirostris BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT BT: JELLY CANDY [A0162] USE: PINK SHRIMP [B2580] [B1599] SN: Jelly candy having pectin as UF: pyrus communis its principal jelling ingredient. penaeus californiensis USE: BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] pear melon PECTIN-PRODUCING PLANT USE: PEPINO [B2493] FTC: B1011 penaeus canaliculatus BT: POLYSACCHARIDE- USE: BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] PEAR TOMATO PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B1107 [B1009] penaeus duorarum BT: TOMATO [B1276] USE: PINK SHRIMP [B2580] UF: italian tomato PEEL OIL UF: lycopersicon lycopersicum FTC: C0302 penaeus monodon var. pyriforme BT: FAT OR OIL [C0190] USE: GIANT TIGER PRAWN AI: The oil or fat [B2612] PEARL MILLET produced by extracting the lip- FTC: B2140 ids from fruit or vegetable penaeus penicillatus BT: MILLET [B2505] peel /AM USE: REDTAIL PRAWN [B2613] UF: indian millet (pennisetum) PEEL, CORE OR SEED penaeus setiferus PECAN FTC: C0110 USE: WHITE SHRIMP [B1149] FTC: B1320 BT: FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT UF: core, seed, or peel penaeus spp. [B1062] UF: seed, peel or core USE: SHRIMP [B1237] UF: carya illinoinensis SN: Used for a fruit byproduct UF: carya pecan consisting of peel, core or penaeus stylirostris seed (with adjacent tissue) or USE: BLUE SHRIMP [B2233] pecten aequiscleatus of fruit from which the juice USE: SCALLOP [B1489] has been extracted or ex- penaeus vannamei pressed. USE: WHITELEG SHRIMP [B2234] pecten grandis USE: SCALLOP [B1489] PEEL-OFF LID PENNSYLVANIA FTC: M0426 FTC: US42 pecten laquaetus BT: CLOSING CAP OR LID BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES USE: SCALLOP [B1489] [M0423] [US60] UF: tear-off lid pecten novaezealandiae UF: tear-open lid PENTAPOTASSIUM TRIPHOS- USE: NEW ZEALAND COMMER- PHATE CIAL SCALLOP [B1946] pelamys sardis FTC: B3183 USE: ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PECTIN PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: C0198 pelecypod ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: POLYSACCHARIDE [C0153] USE: BIVALVE [B2113] UF: E 451 UF: INS 451 PECTIN pelecypoda FTC: B3182 USE: BIVALVE [B2113] PENTAPOTASSIUM TRIPHOS- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PHATE ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX pellet, food FTC: H0608 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 440 BY FORMING, THICKNESS EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 440 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0140] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] PECTIN ADDED peltorhampus novaezeelandiae UF: E 451 added FTC: H0145 USE: NEW ZEALAND SOLE UF: INS 451 added BT: POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED [B2680] [H0120] PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE SN: Used when pectin is added at PEN SHELL FTC: B3184 any level. FTC: B2881 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: BIVALVE [B2113] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PECTIN ADDED UF: atrina pectinata ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0145 UF: E 451 PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: INS 451

176 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: B1250 PERCH FAMILY PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: B2004 ADDED PRODUCING PLANT BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: H0609 [B1179] UF: percidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: capsicum EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: capsicum annuum perch, freshwater NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: The taxonomies given vary USE: FRESHWATER PERCH TARIUS [H0399] widely. [B1557] UF: E 451 added UF: INS 451 added pepper, guajillo percichthyidae USE: GUAJILLO PEPPER [B2554] USE: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY peoples republic of china [B1184] USE: CHINA, PEOPLES REPUB- pepper, habanero LIC OF [CN] USE: HABANERO PEPPER percidae [B2555] USE: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] PEPINO FTC: B2493 pepper, hot cherry percophidae BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] USE: FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: melon pear pepper, mulato percophis brasiliensis UF: melon shrub USE: MULATO PEPPER [B2557] USE: BRAZILIAN DUCKBILL UF: pear melon [B1928] pepper, new mexico red pepper, anaheim USE: NEW MEXICO RED PEP- perdicinae USE: ANAHEIM PEPPER [B2549] PER [B2558] USE: PARTRIDGE [B1382] pepper, arbol pepper, pasilla perdrix USE: ARBOL PEPPER [B2551] USE: PASILLA PEPPER [B2560] USE: PARTRIDGE [B1382]

PEPPER, BLACK pepper, pequin PERILLA FTC: B1191 USE: [B2561] FTC: B2919 BT: PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [B2255] pepper, [B1017] UF: black pepper USE: POBLANO PEPPER [B2559] UF: ocimum frutescens UF: malabar black pepper UF: perilla frutescens pepper, rocotillo UF: perilla ocimoides PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE USE: ROCOTILLO PEPPER FTC: B2255 [B2562] perilla frutescens BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- USE: PERILLA [B2919] BLE [B1006] pepper, serrano UF: piper nigrum USE: [B2563] perilla frutescens crispa SN: Black pepper consists of USE: BEEFSTEAK PLANT [B2135] unripe whole fruit that are pepper, thai sundried. White pepper con- USE: THAI PEPPER [B2564] perilla ocimoides sists of the seeds only of ripe USE: PERILLA [B2919] fruit. PEPPER, WHITE FTC: B1141 PERIWINKLE FAMILY PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE BT: PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE FTC: B2925 FTC: B2255 [B2255] BT: MESOGASTROPOD [B1008] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: white pepper UF: littorinidae PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] PEPPERMINT periwinkle, common UF: piper nigrum FTC: B1449 USE: COMMON PERIWINKLE SN: Black pepper consists of BT: MINT [B1267] [B2717] unripe whole fruit that are UF: mentha piperita sundried. White pepper con- perna canaliculus sists of the seeds only of ripe peprilus alepidotus USE: NEW ZEALAND GREEN fruit. USE: HARVESTFISH [B2286] MUSSEL [B1963] pepper, cascabel peprilus triacanthus persea americana USE: CASCABEL PEPPER USE: BUTTERFISH [B1410] USE: AVOCADO [B1470] [B2552] PEQUIN PEPPER persea gratissima pepper, cubanelle FTC: B2561 USE: AVOCADO [B1470] USE: CUBANELLE PEPPER BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] [B2583] UF: pepper, pequin PERSIAN GROUPER FTC: B1758 PEPPER, GREEN OR RED perca flavescens BT: GROUPER [B1496] FTC: B1250 USE: YELLOW PERCH [B1177] UF: epinephelus areolatus BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- BLE [B1006] perca fluviatilis PERSIAN MELON UF: capsicum USE: EURASIAN PERCH [B2336] FTC: B1133 UF: capsicum annuum BT: MELON [B1283] SN: The taxonomies given vary percent fat free claim or use widely. USE: (PERCENT) FAT FREE persian walnut CLAIM OR USE [P0150] USE: ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130] PEPPER, GREEN OR RED LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 177

PERSIMMON USE: SEA LAMPREY [B2704] PHEASANT FTC: B1447 FTC: B1460 BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT petroselinum crispum BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD [B1140] USE: PARSLEY [B1550] [B1563] UF: diospyros UF: phasianus spp. petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum persimmon, japanese USE: TURNIP-ROOTED PARSLEY phelum pratense USE: KAKI [B2766] [B2734] USE: TIMOTHY [B2331]

PERU petroselinum hortense PHENONILE RESIN CONTAINER FTC: PE USE: PARSLEY [B1550] FTC: M0389 BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] BT: THERMOSETTING POLY- pe-tsai cabbage MER CONTAINER [M0382] PERUVIAN CROAKER USE: CHINESE OR CELERY FTC: B1797 CABBAGE [B1051] phial BT: CROAKER [B1794] USE: AMPUL [M0196] UF: paralonchurus peruanus phaeophyta USE: ALGAE, BROWN [B2395] PHILIPPINES PERUVIAN MENHADEN FTC: PH FTC: B2176 phaseolus BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: MENHADEN [B1396] USE: BEAN (VEGETABLE) [QU] UF: brevoortia maculate chilcae [B1567] UF: ethmidium chilcae philohela minor UF: ethmidium maculatum phaseolus aconitifolius USE: WOODCOCK [B2119] UF: machuelo USE: MOTH BEAN [B1920] phocidae PERUVIAN SEA BASS phaseolus angularis USE: SEAL [B1341] FTC: B1761 USE: ADZUKI BEAN [B1110] BT: SEA BASS [B2180] phoenix UF: paralabrax callaensis phaseolus aureus USE: SENEGAL DATE PALM UF: sea bass, peruvian USE: MUNG BEAN [B1395] [B2786]

PET FISH FOOD phaseolus calcaratus phoenix dactylifera FTC: P0012 USE: RED BEAN [B1702] USE: DATE [B1209] BT: PET FOOD [P0029] UF: fish food (pet fish) phaseolus coccineus phoenix reclinata USE: SCARLET RUNNER BEAN USE: SENEGAL DATE PALM PET FOOD [B2009] [B2786] FTC: P0029 BT: FOOD FOR NON-FOOD phaseolus limensis PHOSPHATE ADDED ANIMALS [P0013] USE: LIMA BEAN [B1397] FTC: H0370 SN: Food produced and marketed BT: INGREDIENT ADDED for pet animals and labeled as phaseolus lunatus [H0225] such. USE: SIEVA BEAN [B1372] SN: Used when a phosphate is added to a food at any level. PETAL phaseolus multifloris FTC: C0303 USE: SCARLET RUNNER BEAN PHOSPHATED BT: FLORET OR FLOWER [B2009] FTC: H0278 [C0237] BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY AI: Any of the com- phaseolus mungo MODIFIED [H0130] ponent parts, or leaves, of a USE: BLACK GRAM BEAN corolla (Source: Webster's). [B1588] PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOS- Thesaurus - Syn. floral leaf, PHATE corolla, floral envelope, peri- PHASEOLUS VULGARIS FTC: B3185 anth, leaf, bract, scale. FTC: B1555 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX petasites japonica [B1567] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: BUTTER BUR [B1739] UF: E 1413 PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EDIBLE UF: INS 1413 PETIOLE POD CULTIVAR FTC: C0304 FTC: B1060 PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOS- BT: LEAF [C0200] BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS PHATE ADDED AI: Leafstalk, the [B1555] FTC: H0610 slender, usually cylindrical UF: bush bean BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, portion of a leaf, which sup- UF: green or wax bean EUROPEAN COMMU- ports the blade and is at- UF: pole bean NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- tached to the stem (Source: TARIUS [H0399] Webster's) PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EDIBLE UF: E 1413 added SEED CULTIVAR UF: INS 1413 added PETRALE SOLE FTC: B1061 FTC: B1863 BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS PHOSPHORIC ACID BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER [B1555] FTC: B3186 FAMILY [B1856] UF: black bean (phaseolus) BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: eopsetta jordani PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: sole, petrale phasianus spp. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: PHEASANT [B1460] UF: E 338 petromyzon marinus UF: INS 338

178 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SN: Treated with acid that may be PIE, UNSWEETENED, OR PIZZA PHOSPHORIC ACID ADDED produced by fermentation or FTC: A0100 FTC: H0611 added and/or with salt brine, BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, often in the presence of UCT WITH BAKERY BASE EUROPEAN COMMU- spices or herbs, producing OR ENCLOSURE, UN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- changes in flavor and texture. SWEETENED [A0102] TARIUS [H0399] Also index by other applicable UF: pizza pie UF: E 338 added terms from *MICROBIALLY/ SN: Used only for unsweetened UF: INS 338 added ENZYMATICALLY MODI- products; sweetened pies are FIED*. indexed under *PIE, PHOSPHORUS ADDED SWEETENED*. FTC: H0223 pickled by acidification BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] USE: ACIDIFIED [H0200] pig USE: SWINE [B1136] phoxinus spp. pickled by fermentation USE: MINNOW [B1922] USE: LACTIC ACID FERMENTED PIG FEED [H0101] FTC: P0027 phyllanthus acidis BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] USE: OTAHEITE GOOSEBERRY picnic shoulder UF: swine feed [B2360] USE: SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) [Z0043] PIGEON physalis ixocarpa FTC: B1304 USE: MEXICAN HUSK TOMATO picowaved BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD [B2015] USE: IRRADIATED [H0121] [B1563] UF: columbidae physalis peruviana PIE CRUST, SWEETENED UF: squab USE: CAPE GOOSEBERRY FTC: A0140 [B1684] BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, PIGEON PEA SWEETENED [A0135] FTC: B2010 physalis spp. SN: Mixture of cookie crumbs or BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- USE: GROUND CHERRY [B2519] sweetened cracker crumbs VARS [B1001] and fat that is used as a base UF: cajanus cajan PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR for fruit or other pie filling, UF: catjang pea FORM NOT KNOWN e.g., graham cracker crust. UF: gandules FTC: E0001 Also includes ordinary pie UF: red gram BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, crust that has been sweet- SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] ened. pignolia SN: Used when nothing is known USE: PINE NUT [B1596] about the physical state, PIE CRUST, UNSWEETENED shape or form of the food FTC: A0160 pigweed product. BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- USE: LAMB'S QUARTER [B1681] SWEETENED [A0107] PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR UF: pie shell PIKE FORM, MULTIPLE SN: Unsweetened, unleavened FTC: B1293 FTC: E0108 mixture of flour and fat that is BT: PIKE FAMILY [B1826] BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, used as a base for filling. UF: esox spp. SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] Yeast-leavened pie crust is indexed under *PIZZA PIKE FAMILY PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY MODI- CRUST*. FTC: B1826 FIED BT: FISH, SALMONIFORM FTC: H0130 pie filling, fruit [B1592] BT: FOOD MODIFIED [H0141] USE: FRUIT OR FRUIT PRODUCT UF: esocidae SN: Used when physical or [A0143] chemical changes are ef- PIKE PERCH fected in any food ingredient pie filling, non-fruit FTC: B1399 through a physical or non- USE: CUSTARD OR PUDDING BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] enzymatic chemical process. [A0285] UF: lucioperca UF: stizostedion physiculus bachus pie shell USE: RED COD [B2179] USE: PIE CRUST, UNSWEET- PIKE-CONGER ENED [A0160] FTC: B2534 physiculus barbatus BT: DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY USE: ROCK COD [B2145] PIE, SWEETENED [B2533] FTC: A0253 phytolacca BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, pike-conger, blacktail USE: POKEWEED [B1400] SWEETENED [A0135] USE: BLACKTAIL PIKE-CONGER UF: tart [B2535] pickle, vegetable UF: turnover, sweetened USE: VEGETABLE PICKLE SN: Sweetened bakery product pilchard [A0271] consisting of a sweetened or USE: SARDINE [B1558] unsweetened pie crust and a PICKLED sweetened filling. The filling is PILI TREE FTC: H0190 always indexed as the food FTC: B1289 BT: MICROBI- source, even if the crust is the BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ALLY/ENZYMATICALLY same weight or greater weight CAL NUT [B1022] MODIFIED [H0119] than the filling ingredient. UF: canarium ovatum

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 179 pimelodidae SN: Used for salmon that is not USE: LONG WHISKERED CAT- designated as 'red'. pisidium guajava FISH FAMILY [B1969] USE: GUAVA [B1333] PINK SALMON pimenta FTC: B1116 PISTACHIO USE: ALLSPICE [B1356] BT: SALMON [B2250] FTC: B1416 UF: oncorhynchus gorbuscha BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- pimenta officinalis UF: salmon, pink CAL NUT [B1022] USE: ALLSPICE [B1356] UF: pistacia spp. PINK SHRIMP PIMIENTO PEPPER FTC: B2580 pistacia spp. FTC: B1531 BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY USE: PISTACHIO [B1416] BT: RED BELL PEPPER [B2630] [B1081] UF: capsicum annum UF: penaeus brevirostris pisum sativum UF: spanish paprika pepper UF: penaeus duorarum USE: PEA [B1338] UF: shrimp, pink pimpinella anisum pisum sativum var. arvense USE: ANISE [B1296] pinkapple USE: FIELD PEA [B1486] USE: MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] PINE NUT pisum sativum var. macrocarpon FTC: B1596 PINKISH FAN LOBSTER USE: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT FTC: B2207 VARS [B1031] [B1062] BT: SLIPPER LOBSTER FAMILY UF: pignolia [B1997] PIT FRUIT UF: pino nut FTC: B1539 UF: pinon PINKSPOTTED SHRIMP BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT UF: pinon nut FTC: B1957 [B1140] UF: pinus edulis BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: stone fruit UF: pinus pinea [B1081] UF: penaeus brasiliensis pitahaya PINEAPPLE USE: PITAYA [B2781] FTC: B1484 pino nut BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- USE: PINE NUT [B1596] pitanga CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] UF: ananas comosus pinon USE: PINE NUT [B1596] PITAYA PINEAPPLE AND GRAPEFRUIT FTC: B2781 FTC: B1246 pinon nut BT: CACTUS [B2241] BT: PINEAPPLE [B1484] USE: PINE NUT [B1596] UF: hylocereus triangularis UF: grapefruit and pineapple UF: hylocereus undatus PINTO BEAN UF: pitahaya PINEAPPLE AND GRAPEFRUIT FTC: B1368 FTC: B1246 BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, PITCAIRN ISLAND BT: GRAPEFRUIT [B1507] EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR FTC: PN UF: grapefruit and pineapple [B1061] BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS [QU] PINEAPPLE AND ORANGE pinus edulis FTC: B1631 USE: PINE NUT [B1596] PIZZA CRUST BT: ORANGE [B1339] FTC: A0167 UF: orange and pineapple PINUS GENUS BT: BREAD [A0178] FTC: B1083 SN: Yeast-leavened bread that is PINEAPPLE AND ORANGE BT: CELLULOSE-PRODUCING used as a base for filling, par- FTC: B1631 PLANT [B1015] ticularly to make pizza. BT: PINEAPPLE [B1484] UF: orange and pineapple pinus pinea pizza pie USE: PINE NUT [B1596] USE: PIE, UNSWEETENED, OR PINEAPPLE GUAVA PIZZA [A0100] FTC: B2767 PIPEFISH FAMILY BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2573 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: FISH, GASTEROSTEIFORM USE: SEA SCALLOP [B1050] UF: acca sellowiana [B2478] UF: brazilian guava UF: syngnathidae PLAICE UF: feijoa FTC: B2570 UF: feijoa sellowiana piper betle BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER UF: orthostemon sellowiana USE: BETEL [B2310] FAMILY [B1856] UF: hippoglossoides spp. pinguipes spp. piper methysticum UF: pleuronectes spp. USE: SANDPERCH [B2367] USE: KAVA [B2060] plaice, american pink bean piper nigrum USE: AMERICAN PLAICE [B1862] USE: COMMON BEAN [B1999] USE: PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE [B2255] plaice, european PINK FISH FLESH USE: EUROPEAN PLAICE [B1861] FTC: Z0060 PIPI CLAM BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH FTC: B2682 PLAIN CARAMEL [Z0055] BT: CLAM [B1331] FTC: B3187 UF:

180 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SN: Used when plasma is added PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX to a food at any level. SEMIRIGID, ALUMINUM LID ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: M0188 UF: E 150a PLASTIC BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, UF: INS 150a FTC: N0036 RIGID OR SEMIRIGID BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [M0184] PLAIN CARAMEL ADDED FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- FTC: H0612 TERIAL [N0051] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SEMIRIGID, PLASTIC LID EUROPEAN COMMU- plastic (state) FTC: M0187 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: SEMISOLID [E0144] BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, TARIUS [H0399] RIGID OR SEMIRIGID UF: E 150a added PLASTIC BAG OR POUCH [M0184] UF: INS 150a added FTC: M0166 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR plainscaled snapper FLEXIBLE OR FILM [M0186] SEMIRIGID, TINLESS USE: JOHN'S SNAPPER [B2313] STEEL LID PLASTIC BOIL-IN-BAG FTC: M0185 PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, EX- FTC: M0145 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, CLUDING FRUIT AND SEED BT: PLASTIC BAG OR POUCH RIGID OR SEMIRIGID FTC: C0144 [M0166] [M0184] BT: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR FLOWER [C0148] PLASTIC CONTAINER PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SN: This broad term is used for FTC: M0172 SEMIRIGID, TIN-PLATED the plant as a whole, exclud- BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- STEEL LID ing the root and the fruit; for PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] FTC: M0183 any piece consisting of two or AI: Corresponds to FSTA The- BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, more individual parts (e.g., a saurus Packaging 2.2.1 Plas- RIGID OR SEMIRIGID celery stalk with the leaf tic container. [M0184] blades attached); or for any mixture of two or more indi- PLASTIC CONTAINER, ACCORD- PLASTIC GASKET vidual parts (e.g., mushroom ING TO TYPE OF PLASTIC FTC: M0260 stems and pieces). FTC: M0357 BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER PLANT EXUDATE GUM ADDED [M0172] PLASTIC SCREW CAP OR LID FTC: H0379 SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- FTC: M0237 BT: GUM ADDED [H0375] SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT BT: SCREW CAP OR LID SN: Used when a plant exudate USE descriptor in indexing. [M0425] gum (e.g., karaya gum, gum Use a more precise narrower arabic) is added to a food at term. PLASTIC SCREW CAP/PILFER any level. AI: Corresponds to FSTA The- PROOF saurus Packaging 2.2.1 'Type FTC: M0239 PLANT USED AS FOOD SOURCE of plastic' BT: PLASTIC SCREW CAP OR FTC: B1347 LID [M0237] BT: B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] PLASTIC CONTAINER, BLOW- SN: Multicellular plants. For uni- MOLDED PLASTIC SHRINK-PACK cellular plants as well as for FTC: M0193 FTC: M0137 algae, mushrooms and yeast, BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, use the appropriate narrower MOLDED OR BUBBLE FLEXIBLE OR FILM [M0186] term under *ALGAE OR PACK [M0180] FUNGUS USED AS FOOD PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR SOURCE*. PLASTIC CONTAINER, COMBINED TUBE MATERIAL FTC: M0102 PLANT USED FOR PRODUCING FTC: M0391 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, EXTRACT OR CONCEN- BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, AC- FLEXIBLE OR FILM [M0186] TRATE CORDING TO TYPE OF FTC: B1013 PLASTIC [M0357] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD TUBE, TOP LINED WITH SOURCE [B1347] PLASTIC CONTAINER, FLEXIBLE CORK OR FILM FTC: M0105 plantago afra FTC: M0186 BT: PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOT- USE: FLEAWORT [B2659] BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER TLE OR TUBE [M0102] [M0172] plantago ovata PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR USE: FLEAWORT [B2659] PLASTIC CONTAINER, MOLDED TUBE, TOP LINED WITH OR BUBBLE PACK FOIL plantago psyllium FTC: M0180 FTC: M0101 USE: FLEAWORT [B2659] BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, BT: PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOT- RIGID OR SEMIRIGID TLE OR TUBE [M0102] PLANTAIN (MUSA) [M0184] FTC: B1439 PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR TUBE, TOP LINED WITH CAL FRUIT [B1024] SEMIRIGID LAMINATE FTC: M0184 FTC: M0103 PLASMA ADDED BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER BT: PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOT- FTC: H0397 [M0172] TLE OR TUBE [M0102] BT: BLOOD ADDED [H0339] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 181

PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR USE: COLORADO LANGOSTINO BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] TUBE, UNLINED TOP [B2205] SN: Used for immature, fleshy FTC: M0104 pods that are used for the pod BT: PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOT- pleuronectes americanus rather than the seed, e.g., TLE OR TUBE [M0102] USE: BLACKBACK FLOUNDER green beans. [B1971] PLASTIC STOPPER POD OR SEED FTC: M0233 pleuronectes platessa FTC: C0158 BT: STOPPER [M0427] USE: EUROPEAN PLAICE [B1861] BT: FRUIT OR SEED [C0165] UF: seed or pod PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN pleuronectes spp. SN: A pod is a slightly thickened FTC: M0126 USE: PLAICE [B2570] tissue that surrounds the BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, seeds and that dries and RIGID OR SEMIRIGID pleuronectidae opens as the fruit becomes [M0184] USE: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER ripe. FAMILY [B1856] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, ALUMI- POD OR SEED VEGETABLE NUM FOIL COVER OR pleurotus ostreatus FTC: B1156 WRAPPING USE: OYSTER MUSHROOM BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING FTC: M0123 [B1632] PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND BT: PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN PARTS USED [B1057] [M0126] PLIOFILM FTC: N0032 POD WITH SEEDS REMOVED PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, CARD- BT: PLASTIC [N0036] FTC: C0112 BOARD COVER SN: A rubber hydrochloride, first BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] FTC: M0131 introduced as a packaging BT: PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN film in 1936 in the U.S.A. poha [M0126] USE: CAPE GOOSEBERRY PLOWNOSE CHIMERA FAMILY [B1684] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, LAMINATE FTC: B2268 COVER OR WRAPPING BT: FISH, CHIMAERIFORM POITRINE FTC: M0122 [B2267] FTC: Z0128 BT: PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN UF: callorhynchidae BT: CAPARACON [Z0123] [M0126] SN: This corresponds approxi- plug mately to the U.S. cut of meat PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, PAPER USE: STOPPER [M0427] called 'breast'. Includes gros WRAPPING bout and milieu. FTC: M0125 PLUM BT: PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN FTC: B1206 pokeberry [M0126] BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] USE: POKEWEED [B1400] UF: prunus domestica PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, PLASTIC POKEWEED COVER OR WRAPPING PLUMED SCORPIONFISH FTC: B1400 FTC: M0124 FTC: B2608 BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] BT: PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: phytolacca [M0126] [B1084] UF: pokeberry UF: lionfish PLASTIC WRAPPER UF: turkeyfish POLAND FTC: M0128 FTC: PL BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, poached BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] FLEXIBLE OR FILM [M0186] USE: SIMMERED, POACHED OR STEWED [G0020] POLAR CLIMATIC ZONE PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLO- FTC: CLZ15 RIDE CONTAINER POBLANO PEPPER BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] FTC: M0380 FTC: B2559 BT: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] pole bean CONTAINER [M0378] UF: pepper, poblano USE: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR PLAT-DE-COTE POD AND FULL-SIZE SEED, MIX- [B1060] FTC: Z0127 TURE BT: CAPARACON [Z0123] FTC: C0117 pollachius virens SN: This corresponds approxi- BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] USE: POLLOCK [B1440] mately to the U.S. cut of meat SN: Used for mixtures of pods and called 'short plate'. seeds. POLLEN FTC: C0279 platichthys stellatus POD CONTAINING FULL-SIZE BT: STIGMA [C0277] USE: STARRY FLOUNDER SEEDS [B1874] FTC: C0262 POLLOCK BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] FTC: B1440 plecoglossus altivelis SN: Used for pods that contain BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] USE: AYU [B2516] full-sized seeds, e.g., peas in UF: gadus pollachius a pod. Often the pods are re- UF: gadus virens plectorhynchus pictus moved before consumpion. UF: pollachius virens USE: PAINTED SWEETLIPS UF: saithe [B2566] POD CONTAINING SMALL, IMMA- UF: sea salmon TURE SEED pleuroncodes monodon FTC: C0169 pollock, walleye

182 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: WALLEYE POLLOCK POLYETHYLENE - VINYL CO- BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, [B1843] POLYMER CONTAINER COMBINED MATERIAL FTC: M0406 [M0391] POLYAMIDE CONTAINER BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, FTC: M0359 COMBINED MATERIAL POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET [M0391] FTC: M0367 OR CONTAINER [M0358] BT: POLYOLEFIN CONTAINER POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - [M0431] POLYAMIDE CONTAINER NYLON 11 CONTAINER FTC: M0416 FTC: M0396 POLYETHYLENE PLUG BT: POLYMER BASE TEXTILE BT: POLYETHYLENE (HIGH FTC: M0234 CONTAINER [M0415] DENSITY) - POLYAMIDE BT: PLASTIC STOPPER [M0233] CONTAINER [M0395] POLYCARBONATE CONTAINER POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FTC: M0363 POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - (PET) CONTAINER BT: POLYESTER CONTAINER POLYAMIDE CONTAINER FTC: M0430 [M0364] FTC: M0395 BT: POLYESTER CONTAINER BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, [M0364] POLYDEXTROSE COMBINED MATERIAL FTC: B3188 [M0391] POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FATTY ACIDS PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - FTC: B3189 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POLYESTER CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 1200 FTC: M0397 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 1200 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] COMBINED MATERIAL UF: E 475 POLYDEXTROSE ADDED [M0391] UF: INS 475 FTC: H0314 BT: CARBOHYDRATE ADDED POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF [H0209] POLYPROPYLENE CON- FATTY ACIDS ADDED TAINER FTC: H0614 POLYDEXTROSE ADDED FTC: M0398 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0613 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, COMBINED MATERIAL NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EUROPEAN COMMU- [M0391] TARIUS [H0399] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 475 added TARIUS [H0399] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - UF: INS 475 added UF: E 1200 added NYLON 11 CONTAINER UF: INS 1200 added FTC: M0400 POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICI- BT: POLYETHYLENE (LOW NOLEATE POLYESTER DENSITY) - POLYAMIDE FTC: B3190 FTC: N0033 CONTAINER [M0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: PLASTIC [N0036] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POLYESTER CONTAINER POLYAMIDE CONTAINER UF: E 476 FTC: M0364 FTC: M0399 UF: INS 476 BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, OR CONTAINER [M0358] COMBINED MATERIAL POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICI- [M0391] NOLEATE ADDED POLYESTER CONTAINER FTC: H0615 FTC: M0417 POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: POLYMER BASE TEXTILE POLYESTER CONTAINER EUROPEAN COMMU- CONTAINER [M0415] FTC: M0401 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, TARIUS [H0399] POLYESTER CONTAINER, GLASS COMBINED MATERIAL UF: E 476 added FIBRE STRENGTHENED [M0391] UF: INS 476 added FTC: M0365 BT: POLYESTER CONTAINER POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYMER BASE TEXTILE CON- [M0364] POLYETHYLENE (HIGH TAINER DENSITY) CONTAINER FTC: M0415 POLYESTER RESIN CONTAINER FTC: M0402 BT: TEXTILE OR FABRIC CON- FTC: M0390 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, TAINER [M0157] BT: THERMOSETTING POLY- COMBINED MATERIAL MER CONTAINER [M0382] [M0391] POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE CONTAINER POLYETHYLENE POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - FTC: M0373 FTC: N0017 POLYETHYLENE (LOW BT: POLYOLEFIN CONTAINER BT: PLASTIC [N0036] DENSITY) CONTAINER [M0431] SN: Pe FTC: M0403 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, polynemidae POLYETHYLENE - REGENERATED COMBINED MATERIAL USE: THREADFIN FAMILY CELLULOSE CONTAINER [M0391] [B2253] FTC: M0405 BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - polyodon spathula COMBINED MATERIAL POLYPROPYLENE CON- USE: PADDLEFISH [B1412] [M0391] TAINER FTC: M0404 polyodontidae LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 183

USE: PADDLEFISH FAMILY UF: INS 434 added [B1896] POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- FTC: M0374 POLYOLEFIN CONTAINER TAN MONOSTEARATE BT: POLYOLEFIN CONTAINER FTC: M0431 (POLYSORBATE 60) [M0431] BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET FTC: B3194 OR CONTAINER [M0358] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- POLYPROPYLENE PLUG PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: M0235 POLYOLEFINE CONTAINER ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: PLASTIC STOPPER [M0233] FTC: M0418 UF: E 435 BT: POLYMER BASE TEXTILE UF: INS 435 polypus CONTAINER [M0415] USE: OCTOPUS [B1514] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- TAN MONOSTEARATE POLYSACCHARIDE TAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 60) FTC: C0153 (POLYSORBATE 20) ADDED BT: CARBOHYDRATE [C0152] FTC: B3191 FTC: H0619 SN: Complex carbohydrate with BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, molecules composed of PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- eleven or more saccharide ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- units. Usually not sweet to the UF: E 432 TARIUS [H0399] taste. Includes starch, pectin UF: INS 432 UF: E 435 added and cellulose. UF: INS 435 added POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED TAN MONOLAURATE POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- FTC: H0120 (POLYSORBATE 20) TAN TRISTEARATE (POLY- BT: CARBOHYDRATE ADDED ADDED SORBATE 65) [H0209] FTC: H0616 FTC: B3195 SN: Used when polysaccharide is BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- added at the second level of EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ingredient or higher depend- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ing upon the definition of the TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 436 appropriate narrower term. UF: E 432 added UF: INS 436 UF: INS 432 added POLYSACCHARIDE-PRODUCING POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- PLANT POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- TAN TRISTEARATE (POLY- FTC: B1009 TAN MONOOLEATE SORBATE 65) ADDED BT: CARBOHYDRATE- (POLYSORBATE 80) FTC: H0620 PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B3192 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1048] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- polysteganus argyrosomus ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] USE: SILVERFISH [B2488] UF: E 433 UF: E 436 added UF: INS 433 UF: INS 436 added POLYSTYRENE FTC: N0022 POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STE- BT: PLASTIC [N0036] TAN MONOOLEATE ARATE UF: styrofoam (POLYSORBATE 80) FTC: B3196 SN: Ps ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0617 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POLYSTYRENE CONTAINER BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: M0377 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 431 BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 431 OR CONTAINER [M0358] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 433 added POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STE- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE UF: INS 433 added ARATE ADDED FTC: N0037 FTC: H0621 BT: PLASTIC [N0036] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Pvc TAN MONOPALMITATE EUROPEAN COMMU- (POLYSORBATE 40) NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE - POLYVI- FTC: B3193 TARIUS [H0399] NYLIDENE CHLORIDE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 431 added CONTAINER PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 431 added FTC: M0407 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, UF: E 434 polyprion americanus COMBINED MATERIAL UF: INS 434 USE: WRECKFISH [B1432] [M0391]

POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBI- polyprion morone POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CON- TAN MONOPALMITATE USE: GROPER [B1989] TAINER (POLYSORBATE 40) FTC: M0378 ADDED polyprion oxygeneios BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET FTC: H0618 USE: GROPER [B1989] OR CONTAINER [M0358] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- POLYPROPYLENE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLUG NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: N0021 FTC: M0236 TARIUS [H0399] BT: PLASTIC [N0036] BT: PLASTIC STOPPER [M0233] UF: E 434 added SN: Pp

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POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE USE: BLUEBACK HERRING CONTAINER [B1852] PORBEAGLE FTC: M0381 FTC: B1978 BT: THERMOPLASTIC SHEET pomolobus pseudoharengus BT: MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY OR CONTAINER [M0358] USE: ALEWIFE [B1402] [B1915] UF: lamna cornubica POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE pomoxis nigromaculatus UF: lamna nasus FTC: B3197 USE: BLACK CRAPPIE [B1819] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PORCUPINE FISH PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX pomoxis spp. FTC: B2714 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: CRAPPIE [B1409] BT: PUFFER [B2394] UF: E 1202 UF: diodon hystrix UF: INS 1202 POMPANO FTC: B1475 PORGY POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] FTC: B1234 ADDED UF: trachinotus spp. BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] FTC: H0622 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A PORGY FAMILY EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3199 FTC: B1808 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: sparidae UF: E 1202 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 1202 added UF: E 124 porgy, red hawaiian UF: INS 124 USE: RED HAWAIIAN PORGY POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE [B1815] FTC: B3198 PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ADDED pork PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0624 USE: SWINE [B1136] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 1201 EUROPEAN COMMU- porphyra umbilicalis UF: INS 1201 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: LAVER [B1745] TARIUS [H0399] POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE ADDED UF: E 124 added PORTUGAL FTC: H0623 UF: INS 124 added FTC: PT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN EUROPEAN COMMU- POND APPLE [QR03] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B2939 TARIUS [H0399] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- portulaca spp. UF: E 1201 added CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: PURSLANE [B1642] UF: INS 1201 added POND SMELT portunidae pomarosa FTC: B2870 USE: SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY USE: ROSEAPPLE [B2020] BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] [B2212] UF: hypomesus olidus pomatomidae portunus USE: BLUEFISH FAMILY [B1810] POPCORN USE: SWIMMING CRAB [B2106] FTC: B1454 pomatomus saltatrix BT: CORN [B1232] portunus pelagicus USE: BLUEFISH [B1512] BT: CORN [B1232] USE: BLUE SWIMMING CRAB UF: popping corn [B2213] pome fruit UF: zea mays var. praecox USE: CORE OR POME FRUIT portunus trituberculatus [B1599] POPCORN, WHITE USE: ORIENTAL BLUE CRAB FTC: B1151 [B2214] POMEGRANATE BT: POPCORN [B1454] FTC: B1162 POTASSIUM ACETATE BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT POPCORN, YELLOW FTC: B3200 [B1140] FTC: B1617 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: punica granatum BT: POPCORN [B1454] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POMFRET POPPED UF: E 261 FTC: B2571 FTC: G0009 UF: INS 261 BT: POMFRET FAMILY [B1938] BT: COOKED BY DRY HEAT UF: brama spp. [G0004] POTASSIUM ACETATE ADDED SN: Cooked by agitating the food FTC: H0625 POMFRET FAMILY over a dry, high heat source, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1938 resulting in exploding. EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: bramidae popping corn TARIUS [H0399] UF: castagnole USE: POPCORN [B1454] UF: E 261 added UF: INS 261 added pomfret, atlantic POPPY USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET FTC: B1515 POTASSIUM ADDED [B1929] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: H0195 PRODUCING PLANT BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] pomolobus aestivalis [B1179] UF: papaver POTASSIUM ADIPATE LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 185

FTC: B3201 FTC: H0630 UF: E 501 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 501 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CAR- UF: E 357 TARIUS [H0399] BONATE ADDED UF: INS 357 UF: E 501 added FTC: H0634 UF: INS 501 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, POTASSIUM ADIPATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0626 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1653 TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD UF: E 501 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SOURCE [B2973] UF: INS 501 added TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 357 added POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SUL- UF: INS 357 added FTC: B3206 PHATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3210 POTASSIUM ALGINATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3202 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 508 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 508 UF: E 515 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 515 UF: E 402 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ADDED UF: INS 402 FTC: H0631 POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SUL- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PHATE ADDED POTASSIUM ALGINATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0635 FTC: H0627 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 508 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 508 added TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 515 added UF: E 402 added potassium chloride mixt. with sodium UF: INS 515 added UF: INS 402 added chloride USE: SODIUM CHLORIDE MIXT. POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SUL- POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE WITH POTASSIUM CHLO- PHITE FTC: B3203 RIDE [B1656] FTC: B3211 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3207 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 555 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 228 UF: INS 555 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 228 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE UF: E 536 POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SUL- ADDED UF: INS 536 PHITE ADDED FTC: H0628 FTC: H0636 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0632 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 555 added EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 228 added UF: INS 555 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 228 added TARIUS [H0399] POTASSIUM BENZOATE UF: E 536 added POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE FTC: B3204 UF: INS 536 added FTC: B3212 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POTASSIUM GLUCONATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3208 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 212 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 525 UF: INS 212 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 525 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POTASSIUM BENZOATE ADDED UF: E 577 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED FTC: H0629 UF: INS 577 FTC: H0637 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- POTASSIUM GLUCONATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0633 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 212 added EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 525 added UF: INS 212 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 525 added TARIUS [H0399] POTASSIUM CARBONATE UF: E 577 added POTASSIUM LACTATE FTC: B3205 UF: INS 577 added FTC: B3213 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CAR- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BONATE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 501 FTC: B3209 UF: E 326 UF: INS 501 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 326 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX POTASSIUM CARBONATE ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] POTASSIUM LACTATE ADDED

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FTC: H0638 POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE POTASSIUM SULPHATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3218 FTC: H0647 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 326 added UF: E 452 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 326 added UF: INS 452 UF: E 515 added UF: INS 515 added POTASSIUM MALATE POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE FTC: B3214 ADDED POTATO BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0643 FTC: B1218 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: E 351 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BULB USED [B1018] UF: INS 351 TARIUS [H0399] UF: irish potato UF: E 452 added UF: solanum tuberosum POTASSIUM MALATE ADDED UF: INS 452 added UF: white potato FTC: H0639 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, POTASSIUM PROPIONATE POULTRY ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3219 FTC: H0171 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SN: Used when poultry meat is UF: E 351 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] added at any level. UF: INS 351 added UF: E 283 UF: INS 283 POULTRY FEED POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE FTC: P0018 FTC: B3215 POTASSIUM PROPIONATE ADDED BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0644 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, POULTRY OR GAME BIRD ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B1563 UF: E 224 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD UF: INS 224 TARIUS [H0399] SOURCE [B1297] UF: E 283 added UF: fowl POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE UF: INS 283 added UF: game birds ADDED FTC: H0640 POTASSIUM SACCHARIN POULTRY OR POULTRY PRODUCT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3220 FTC: A0273 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: MEAT, POULTRY, SEA- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FOOD OR RELATED TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PRODUCT [A0217] UF: E 224 added UF: E 954 SN: Meat (flesh and organs in- UF: INS 224 added UF: INS 954 cluding blood and bone mar- row) from poultry. Used for POTASSIUM NITRATE POTASSIUM SACCHARIN ADDED poultry meat in all forms in- FTC: B3216 FTC: H0645 cluding poultry product ana- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, logs and poultry-based sau- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- sage or luncheon meat. ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 252 TARIUS [H0399] POULTRY ORGAN MEAT ADDED UF: INS 252 UF: E 954 added FTC: H0308 UF: INS 954 added BT: POULTRY ADDED [H0171] POTASSIUM NITRATE ADDED FTC: H0641 POTASSIUM SORBATE POULTRY PRODUCT ANALOG BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3221 FTC: A0157 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: POULTRY OR POULTRY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PRODUCT [A0273] TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: imitation poultry product UF: E 252 added UF: E 202 UF: poultry-like product UF: INS 252 added UF: INS 202 UF: poultry-like vegetable protein food POTASSIUM NITRITE POTASSIUM SORBATE ADDED UF: simulated poultry meat FTC: B3217 FTC: H0646 SN: Food product having func- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, tional characteristics similar to PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- a poultry product; it may be ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- nutritionally equivalent or infe- UF: E 249 TARIUS [H0399] rior to the product it purports UF: INS 249 UF: E 202 added to resemble. UF: INS 202 added POTASSIUM NITRITE ADDED POULTRY-BASED SAUSAGE OR FTC: H0642 POTASSIUM SULPHATE LUNCHEON MEAT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3222 FTC: A0131 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: POULTRY OR POULTRY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PRODUCT [A0273] TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Food product consisting of UF: E 249 added UF: E 515 comminuted poultry meat, UF: INS 249 added UF: INS 515 usually seasoned, pressed and/or encased. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 187

PREPARED EGG DISH BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- poultry-like product FTC: A0284 ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] USE: POULTRY PRODUCT ANA- BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- LOG [A0157] UCT [A0172] PRESERVATION METHOD NOT UF: quiche KNOWN poultry-like vegetable protein food SN: Prepared food product that FTC: J0001 USE: POULTRY PRODUCT ANA- contains egg as its principal BT: J. PRESERVATION LOG [A0157] ingredient. Examples include METHOD [J0107] cheese souffle and quiche UF: preserved, method not speci- poupartia birrea . fied USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] SN: Used when nothing is known PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT about the preservation pourpartia caffra FTC: A0172 method, if any. USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0289] PRESERVATIVE poutassou UF: prepared dish FTC: A0317 USE: BLUE WHITING [B1837] SN: Food product that is 1) ready BT: FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] or nearly ready for consump- SN: Substance added to a product pouteria sapota tion; 2) usually a composite of to prevent growth of contami- USE: SAPOTE [B1694] several foods or ingredients nating microorganisms and that often belong to distinct subsequent spoilage of the powdered product types; 3) usually for- product. USE: FINELY GROUND [E0106] mulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. Prepared PRESERVATIVE POWDERED CELLULOSE foods often undergo several FTC: A0344 FTC: B3223 of the processes listed in *F. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EXTENT OF HEAT TREAT- CATION, EUROPEAN PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MENT* and *H. TREATMENT COMMUNITY [A0324] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] APPLIED*; these factors AI: Substance that prolongs the UF: E 460 should be carefully consid- shelf life of foodstuffs by pro- UF: INS 460 ered in indexing. The classifi- tecting them against deterio- cation of prepared food prod- ration caused by micro- POWDERED CELLULOSE ADDED ucts emphasizes consump- organisms. European Council FTC: H0648 tion characteristics. Directive 95/2/EC. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT WITH PRESERVATIVE-RELATED CLAIM NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BAKERY BASE OR ENCLO- OR USE TARIUS [H0399] SURE, UNSWEETENED FTC: P0110 UF: E 460 added FTC: A0102 BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- UF: INS 460 added BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- TARY USE [P0023] UCT [A0172] prawn UF: crepe, dinner PRESERVED BY ADDING ACID USE: SHRIMP [B1237] UF: taco, prepared FTC: J0149 BT: PRESERVED BY ADDING prebaked PREPARED GRAIN OR STARCH CHEMICALS [J0100] USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- PRODUCT TREATED [F0018] FTC: A0106 PRESERVED BY ADDING ANTIBI- BT: GRAIN OR STARCH PROD- OTICS prebasted UCT [A0125] FTC: J0156 USE: LIQUID INJECTED [H0275] SN: Food product prepared by BT: PRESERVED BY ADDING drying and/or cooking a mix- CHEMICALS [J0100] precooked ture of milled grain or non- SN: Preserved by adding antibiot- USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- grain starch with a liquid and ics (e.g. nisin, tylosine, sub- TREATED [F0018] usually other ingredients such tlin, bacitracin, chlorotetracy- as sweeteners or fats. In- clin, oxytetracyclin) to kill mi- PREPARATION ESTABLISHMENT cludes sweetened and un- cro organisms or stop their FTC: Z0108 sweetened bakery products, growth. BT: PRODUCTION ENVIRON- macaroni or noodle products MENT [Z0206] and breakfast cereals. Ex- PRESERVED BY ADDING CHEMI- SN: Descriptor is for CLASSIFI- cludes *PUDDING, CALS CATION ONLY; DO NOT STARCH*, which is under FTC: J0100 USE descriptor in indexing. *CUSTARD OR PUDDING*. BT: PRESERVED BY CHEMI- Use a more precise narrower CALS [J0109] term. prepared in a restaurant SN: Preserved by adding chemi- USE: RESTAURANT PREPARED cal preservatives (e.g., sorbic prepared by commissary [Z0110] acid, sodium benzoate, BHT, USE: COMMISSARY PREPARED calcium proprionate) to sup- [Z0113] prepared in fast food restaurant press or inhibit undesirable USE: FAST FOOD RESTAURANT microorganisms or enzyme prepared by food industry PREPARED [Z0111] activity. USE: FOOD INDUSTRY PRE- PARED [Z0112] prepared in home PRESERVED BY ADDING INOR- USE: HOME PREPARED [Z0109] GANIC ACIDS OR SALTS prepared dish FTC: J0154 USE: PREPARED FOOD PROD- PRESENCE OF CASING OR RIND BT: PRESERVED BY ADDING UCT [A0172] FTC: Z0102 ACID [J0149]

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SN: Preserved by adding inor- PRESERVED BY ELECTRON AC- packaging and not preserva- ganic acids or salts (e.g. SO2, CELERATOR RADIATION tion. H2SO4, KNO4, NaNO3) to FTC: J0161 suppress or inhibit undesir- BT: PRESERVED BY IRRADIA- PRESERVED BY REDUCING WA- able micro-organisms or en- TION [J0138] TER ACTIVITY zyme activity. SN: Treated by electron accelera- FTC: J0145 tor radiation, for example to BT: J. PRESERVATION PRESERVED BY ADDING OR- kill insects in cereals. METHOD [J0107] GANIC ACIDS OR SALTS SN: Preservation method that FTC: J0155 PRESERVED BY FERMENTATION lowers the water activity (rela- BT: PRESERVED BY ADDING FTC: J0104 tive humidity) of a food prod- ACID [J0149] BT: J. PRESERVATION uct. This is accomplished by SN: Preserved by adding organic METHOD [J0107] using mechanical dehydration acids or salts (e.g. lactic acid, SN: Preserved by suppressing equipment, by natural drying, acetic acid, salicylic acid) to undesirable microorganisms by adding salt, sugar or other suppress or inhibit undesir- and enzymatic activity by the agents to the food or by sur- able micro organisms or en- effects of fermentation. face drying during a refrigera- zyme activity. tion or freezing operation. PRESERVED BY FILTRATION This method of preservation PRESERVED BY ADDING SPICES FTC: J0121 may be used in conjunction OR EXTRACTS BT: J. PRESERVATION with other preservation meth- FTC: J0153 METHOD [J0107] ods such as preservation by BT: J. PRESERVATION SN: Preserved by filtering out thermal processing. METHOD [J0107] yeasts and molds, generally SN: Preserved by adding spices followed by aseptic packag- PRESERVED BY REFRIGERATION or extracts (e.g. garlic, onion, ing. OR FREEZING horseradish, paprika) to sup- FTC: J0142 press or inhibit undesirable PRESERVED BY FREEZING BT: J. PRESERVATION micro-organisms or enzyme FTC: J0136 METHOD [J0107] activity. BT: PRESERVED BY REFRIG- SN: Preserved by cooling and ERATION OR FREEZING keeping at a temperature be- PRESERVED BY ADDING SUGAR [J0142] low 45 degrees F to prevent FTC: J0146 UF: frozen or retard microbial or enzy- BT: PRESERVED BY REDUC- SN: Preserved by freezing a food matic spoilage. ING WATER ACTIVITY product and keeping it at a [J0145] temperature below the freez- PRESERVED BY SALTING SN: Preserved by adding sugar, ing point (20-30 degrees F) FTC: J0103 sugar syrup or by partial in- without regard to the prod- BT: PRESERVED BY REDUC- version of disaccharides until uct's physical state. ING WATER ACTIVITY the sugar concentration is [J0145] high enough to prevent PRESERVED BY HEAT TREAT- SN: Used when salting is the growth of microorganisms. MENT primary preservation method; FTC: J0120 generally the level of salt in PRESERVED BY BRINING BT: J. PRESERVATION the food is 8% or higher. FTC: J0137 METHOD [J0107] BT: PRESERVED BY SALTING SN: Preserved by the use of high PRESERVED BY SALTING [J0103] temperature for a time suffi- FTC: J0103 UF: brined cient to reduce or destroy un- BT: PRESERVED BY ADDING UF: corned desirable microorganisms INORGANIC ACIDS OR SN: Immersed in a salt brine and enzyme activity. SALTS [J0154] strong enough to suppress SN: Used when salting is the enzyme activity and growth of PRESERVED BY IONIZING RADIA- primary preservation method; undesirable organisms. TION generally the level of salt in FTC: J0122 the food is 8% or higher. preserved by canning BT: PRESERVED BY IRRADIA- USE: STERILIZED BY HEAT TION [J0138] PRESERVED BY SMOKING [J0123] SN: Preserved by irradiation, pri- FTC: J0106 marily by gamma radiation. BT: PRESERVED BY REDUC- PRESERVED BY CHEMICALS ING WATER ACTIVITY FTC: J0109 PRESERVED BY IRRADIATION [J0145] BT: J. PRESERVATION FTC: J0138 SN: Used when smoking is the METHOD [J0107] BT: J. PRESERVATION primary preservation method. SN: Preserved by use of chemical METHOD [J0107] to destroy, suppress or inhibit SN: Preserved by the use of radia- PRESERVED BY SOUS VIDE undesirable microorganisms tion to destroy or suppress FTC: J0150 or enzyme activity. undesirable microorganisms BT: PRESERVED BY REFRIG- or enzyme activity. ERATION OR FREEZING PRESERVED BY DRY SALTING [J0142] FTC: J0139 PRESERVED BY OTHER METHOD UF: sous vide BT: PRESERVED BY SALTING FTC: J0004 [J0103] BT: J. PRESERVATION PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN IN- UF: dry salted METHOD [J0107] ERT ATMOSPHERE SN: Packed in dry salt in sufficient SN: Used only when the preserva- FTC: J0173 quantity to suppress enzyme tion method does not fall un- BT: PRESERVED BY STORAGE activity or growth of undesir- der any of the major catego- IN MODIFIED ATMOS- able organisms. ries of preservation. Note: PHERE [J0111] wax coating is considered LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 189

SN: Preserved by storage in inert tivate enzymes. Diffusion and PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND gases (e.g. nitrogen) to sup- chemical reaction may create FTC: CA09 press or inhibit undesirable a residue in the food product BT: CANADA [CA] micro-organism growth, oxi- that contributes to continuing dation activity, etc. preservation. principe USE: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN PRESERVED BY ULTRA- [ST] MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE FILTRATION FTC: J0111 FTC: J0157 prionotus BT: J. PRESERVATION BT: PRESERVED BY FILTRA- USE: SEAROBIN [B2195] METHOD [J0107] TION [J0121] SN: Preserved by storage in low- SN: Used when a product is pre- procambarus clarkii oxygen atmosphere, which served by the use of ultra- USE: RED SWAMP CRAYFISH reduces microbial and enzy- filtration to remove undesir- [B2231] matic activity; used commer- able micro organisms and cially in conjunction with re- molecules. Example: beer. PROCESSED CHEESE PRODUCT frigeration (e.g., refrigerated FTC: A0282 rail cars) for fresh meat and preserved, method not specified BT: CHEESE OR CHEESE produce. USE: PRESERVATION METHOD PRODUCT [A0115] NOT KNOWN [J0001] SN: Food made from natural PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN RE- cheese of one or more varie- FRIGERATING AGENT preserving melon ties or from cheese, other FTC: J0172 USE: CITRON MELON [B2041] dairy ingredients and/or BT: PRESERVED BY STORAGE emulsifiers, and other optional IN REFRIGERATION [J0131] pressure-cooked ingredients by comminuting SN: Preserved by storage in re- USE: STEAMED WITH PRES- and possibly application of frigerating agent, e.g. solid SURE [G0022] heat. The result is a homoge- carbon dioxide. neous plastic mass, except previously concentrated for grated cheese product, PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN RE- USE: REHYDRATED [H0259] which is powdered or granu- FRIGERATION lar. FTC: J0131 PREVIOUSLY FROZEN BT: PRESERVED BY REFRIG- FTC: H0241 PROCESSED IN COPPER CON- ERATION OR FREEZING BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY TAINER [J0142] MODIFIED [H0130] FTC: Z0079 UF: refrigerated UF: frozen previously BT: PROCESSED IN METAL SN: Preserved by cooling and SN: Used when the product or any CONTAINER [Z0078] keeping at a temperature be- indexed ingredient was frozen tween 30-45 degrees F. and then thawed. Excludes PROCESSED IN GLASS CON- Preservation methods that freeze-dried products and TAINER imply subsequent refrigera- freeze-flo products. FTC: Z0082 tion are: *PASTEURIZED BY BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT IRRADIATION*, PRICKLY ASH PRIOR TO PACKAGING *PASTEURIZED BY HEAT*, FTC: B2295 [Z0077] *PRESERVED BY CHEMI- BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] CALS*, *PRESERVED BY UF: zanthoxylum PROCESSED IN IRON CONTAINER FERMENTATION*, FTC: Z0080 *SURFACE PASTEURIZED prickly custard apple BT: PROCESSED IN METAL BY ULTRAVIOLET* and USE: SOURSOP [B1480] CONTAINER [Z0078] *PRESERVED BY STOR- AGE IN MODIFIED ATMOS- PRICKLY LETTUCE PROCESSED IN METAL CON- PHERE*. FTC: B2951 TAINER BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] FTC: Z0078 PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT VACUUM PRICKLY PEAR PRIOR TO PACKAGING FTC: J0174 FTC: B1672 [Z0077] BT: PRESERVED BY STORAGE BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT IN MODIFIED ATMOS- [B1140] PROCESSED IN PLASTIC CON- PHERE [J0111] UF: barbary fig TAINER SN: Stored under reduced pres- UF: cholla FTC: Z0083 sure (e.g. 1.3-2 kPa) in order UF: cholla cactus BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT to suppress or inhibit undesir- UF: opuntia spp. PRIOR TO PACKAGING able micro organism growth, UF: opuntia vulgaris [Z0077] oxidation activity, etc. UF: tuna (opuntia) PROCESSED IN STAINLESS STEEL PRESERVED BY TREATMENT PRICKLY POPPY CONTAINER WITH CHEMICALS FTC: B2156 FTC: Z0081 FTC: J0108 BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: PROCESSED IN METAL BT: PRESERVED BY CHEMI- [B1017] CONTAINER [Z0078] CALS [J0109] UF: argemone SN: Preserved by immersing in or UF: argemony PROCESSED IN STONE CON- spraying with liquids (e.g., sul- TAINER fite solutions) or surrounding PRIME GRADE FTC: Z0084 with gases (e.g., ethylene ox- FTC: Z0009 BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT ide, propylene oxide or sulfur BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. PRIOR TO PACKAGING dioxide) to destroy undesir- [Z0007] [Z0077] able microorganisms or inac-

190 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

PROCESSED IN TEFLON-COATED FTC: B2202 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- CONTAINER BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: Z0101 [B2163] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT UF: panulirus penicillatus PRIOR TO PACKAGING UF: red lobster PROPIONIC ACID [Z0077] UF: variegated crayfish FTC: B3227 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PROCESSED IN WOOD CON- PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PROPYLENE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TAINER GLYCOL) ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: Z0085 FTC: B3224 UF: E 280 BT: MATERIAL OF CONTACT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 280 PRIOR TO PACKAGING PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX [Z0077] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PROPIONIC ACID ADDED UF: INS 20 FTC: H0652 PROCESSING-RELATED CLAIM OR BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PROPYLENE EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: P0119 GLYCOL) ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- FTC: H0649 TARIUS [H0399] TARY USE [P0023] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 280 added EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 280 added procyon spp. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: RACCOON [B1461] TARIUS [H0399] PROPYL GALLATE UF: INS 20 added FTC: B3228 PRODUCT TYPE NOT KNOWN BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: A0001 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA FTC: B3225 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [A0289] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 310 SN: Used when no product type is PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 310 evident from the food product ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] name, e.g., 'artificially sweet- UF: E 405 PROPYL GALLATE ADDED ened food', 'food with herbs UF: INS 405 FTC: H0653 added', etc. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE EUROPEAN COMMU- PRODUCT TYPE, OTHER ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: A0004 FTC: H0650 TARIUS [H0399] BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 310 added [A0289] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 310 added SN: Used only if the product does NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- not fall under any of the major TARIUS [H0399] PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE product types listed. UF: E 405 added FTC: B3229 UF: INS 405 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PRODUCT TYPE, USA PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: A0289 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: A. PRODUCT TYPE [A0361] FATTY ACIDS UF: E 216 SN: Food group having common FTC: B3226 UF: INS 216 consumption, functional or BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- manufacturing characteristics, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE e.g., *FRUIT OR VEGETA- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ADDED BLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY UF: E 477 FTC: H0654 PRODUCT*, UF: INS 477 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, *CONFECTIONERY*, EUROPEAN COMMU- *PREPARED FOOD PROD- PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UCT*, etc. FATTY ACIDS ADDED TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0651 UF: E 216 added PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 216 added FTC: Z0206 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PROPYONATE CELLULOSE FILM ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] TARIUS [H0399] FTC: M0325 SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- UF: E 477 added BT: CELLULOSE FILM [M0322] SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT UF: INS 477 added USE descriptor in indexing. proso millet Use more precise narrower PROPELLANT USE: MILLET, COMMON [B1285] term. FTC: A0345 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- protected name PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT NOT CATION, EUROPEAN USE: APPELLATION CON- KNOWN COMMUNITY [A0324] TROLEE [Z0086] FTC: Z0215 AI: Gas other than air, which BT: PRODUCTION ENVIRON- expels a foodstuff from a con- PROTEIN ADDED MENT [Z0206] tainer. European Council Di- FTC: H0164 rective 95/2/EC. BT: INGREDIENT ADDED PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT [H0225] OTHER PROPELLANT UF: gluten added FTC: Z0216 FTC: A0436 SN: Used when a protein or high- BT: PRODUCTION ENVIRON- BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, quality protein source is the MENT [Z0206] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS second or third ingredient in [A0351] order of predominance. If the PRONGHORN SPINY LOBSTER nutrient content is known, LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 191

*PROTEIN ADDED* should PSEUDOSPONDIAS be specified when the added prunus cerasus FTC: B2923 protein amounts to more than USE: SOUR CHERRY [B1052] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- 10% of the total protein con- CAL FRUIT [B1024] tent. prunus communis UF: pseudospondias longifolia USE: ALMOND [B1272] PROTEIN EXTRACT, CONCEN- pseudospondias longifolia TRATE OR ISOLATE prunus domestica USE: PSEUDOSPONDIAS [B2923] FTC: C0236 USE: PLUM [B1206] BT: EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR prunus domestica var. syriaca USE: SWOLLENHEAD CONGER ANIMAL [C0228] USE: MIRABELLE PLUM [B2733] EEL [B2918] SN: Extract, concentrate or isolate high in protein; may contain prunus dulcis psidium cattleianum amino acids, polypeptides USE: ALMOND [B1272] USE: STRAWBERRY GUAVA and enzymes. Includes ca- [B1649] sein, gelatin, and gluten. prunus dulcis var. amara USE: ALMOND, BITTER [B2721] psidium spp. PROTEIN REMOVED USE: GUAVA [B1333] FTC: H0134 prunus dulcis var. dulcis BT: COMPONENT REMOVED USE: ALMOND, SWEET [B2720] PSILOCYBE SEMILANCEATA [H0238] FTC: B2076 prunus insititia BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] PROTEIN SUBSTITUTED USE: DAMSON PLUM [B1662] FTC: H0250 psophocarpus tetragonolobus BT: COMPONENT SUBSTI- prunus insititia var. italica USE: GOA BEAN [B1726] TUTED [H0103] USE: GREENGAGE PLUM [B1675] psychrolutidae PROTEIN-PRODUCING PLANT prunus insititia var. syriaca USE: FATHEAD FAMILY [B2916] FTC: B1049 USE: MIRABELLE PLUM [B2733] BT: PLANT USED FOR PRO- psyllium plant DUCING EXTRACT OR prunus persica USE: FLEAWORT [B2659] CONCENTRATE [B1013] USE: PEACH [B1350] PTARMIGAN PROTEOLYTIC FERMENTED prunus persica var. nucipersica FTC: B2697 FTC: H0102 USE: NECTARINE [B1436] BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD BT: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, [B1563] SINGLE COMPONENT prunus serotina UF: lagopus spp. [H0230] USE: BLACK CHERRY [B2479] pteridium aquilinum protopteridae prunus virginiana USE: BRACKEN FERN [B2450] USE: AFRICAN LUNGFISH FAM- USE: CHOKECHERRY [B2044] ILY [B1993] pteris aquilina psettichthys melanostictus USE: BRACKEN FERN [B2450] protothaca staminea USE: SAND SOLE [B1870] USE: PACIFIC LITTLENECK pterois spp. CLAM [B1035] PSETTODID FAMILY USE: BUTTERFLY COD [B2868] FTC: B2666 provides label claim BT: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM pudding or custard USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL [B1023] USE: CUSTARD OR PUDDING CLAIM [P0134] [A0285] pseudocentrotus spp. provides, label claim USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] PUDDING OR CUSTARD ADDED USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL FTC: H0132 CLAIM [P0134] PSEUDOMONADALES USED AS BT: MILK ADDED [H0184] FOOD SOURCE UF: custard added PRUNE FTC: B2847 SN: Always used for pudding, FTC: B1207 BT: BACTERIA [B2846] custard or cream-filled food BT: PLUM [B1206] SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., products. 1992, v.III, p.2940. prunus americana PUDDING, STARCH USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] pseudophycis bachus FTC: A0192 USE: RED COD [B2179] BT: CUSTARD OR PUDDING prunus amygdalus [A0285] USE: ALMOND [B1272] pseudophycis breviusculus UF: starch pudding USE: MORID COD [B2892] SN: Cooked or uncooked mixture prunus amygdalus var. dulcis prepared with starch (tapioca USE: ALMOND, SWEET [B2720] pseudoplastic (state) starch, cornstarch, etc.) and USE: SEMISOLID [E0144] other optional ingredients in- prunus armeniaca cluding sweeteners, eggs and USE: APRICOT [B1529] pseudopleuronectes americanus flavorings. USE: BLACKBACK FLOUNDER prunus avium [B1971] PUERTO RICO USE: SWEET CHERRY [B1091] FTC: PR pseudosciaena manchurica BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS prunus cerasifera USE: YELLOW CROAKER [B2487] [QO01] USE: CHERRY PLUM [B1676]

192 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus puff pastry USE: PASTRY SHELL, UN- purse crab QUEENFISH SWEETENED [A0108] USE: COCONUT CRAB [B2219] FTC: B2280 BT: DRUM [B1204] PUFFED PURSLANE UF: seriphus politus FTC: H0268 FTC: B1642 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING quiche MODIFIED [H0130] PLANT, MOST PARTS USE: PREPARED EGG DISH USED [B1058] [A0284] PUFFER UF: portulaca spp. FTC: B2394 QUICK BREAD, SWEETENED BT: PUFFERFISH FAMILY pylodictis olivaris FTC: A0183 [B1990] USE: FLATHEAD CATFISH BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UF: globefish [B2582] SWEETENED [A0135] UF: sphaeroides spp. UF: fruit bread pyracantha coccinea UF: nut bread PUFFERFISH FAMILY USE: FIRE THORN [B2349] SN: Chemically leavened sweet- FTC: B1990 ened bakery product that may BT: FISH, TETRAODONTIFORM pyrus communis contain other ingredients such [B1977] USE: PEAR [B1344] as fruits, nuts or that may be UF: tetraodontidae filled. pyrus malus pulverized USE: APPLE [B1245] QUICK BREAD, UNSWEETENED USE: FINELY GROUND [E0106] FTC: A0283 pyrus pyrifolia BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- PUMMELO USE: SAND PEAR [B1523] SWEETENED [A0107] FTC: B2018 SN: Chemically leavened un- BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] QATAR sweetened bakery product UF: citrus decumana FTC: QA such as biscuits or unsweet- UF: citrus grandis BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] ened cornbread. UF: citrus maxima UF: shaddock QUAHOG quick cooking FTC: B2501 USE: PARTIALLY HEAT- PUMPKIN BT: CLAM [B1331] TREATED [F0018] FTC: B1456 UF: arctica spp. BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] UF: mercenaria spp. QUICK FROZEN FTC: J0132 PUMPKIN QUAIL BT: PRESERVED BY FREEZING FTC: B1456 FTC: B1346 [J0136] BT: WINTER SQUASH [B1189] BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD [B1563] quiescent frozen pumpkin, squash or gourd UF: coturnix spp. USE: SLOW FROZEN [J0128] USE: SQUASH, GOURD OR PUMPKIN [B2091] quartered QUILLAIA EXTRACT USE: DIVIDED INTO QUARTERS FTC: B3230 PUMPKINSEED [E0148] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2403 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: SUNFISH [B1419] QUARTIER ARRIERE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: lepomis gibbosus FTC: Z0135 UF: E 999 BT: CUT OF MEAT, FRENCH UF: INS 999 PUNGENT PEPPER VARIETY [Z0121] FTC: B2633 UF: hind quarter QUILLAIA EXTRACT ADDED BT: PEPPER, GREEN OR RED FTC: H0655 [B1250] QUARTIER AVANT BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: paprika, hot FTC: Z0122 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: red pepper (pungent pepper BT: CUT OF MEAT, FRENCH NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- variety) [Z0121] TARIUS [H0399] SN: Grouped together because of UF: fore quarter UF: E 999 added similar use. UF: INS 999 added punica granatum FTC: CA10 QUINCE USE: POMEGRANATE [B1162] BT: CANADA [CA] FTC: B1298 BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT purine removed queen sago palm [B1599] USE: ALKALOID OR PURINE USE: SAGO PALM [B2139] UF: cydonia spp. REMOVED [H0135] QUINOA PURPLE CLAM FTC: B2715 FTC: B2027 FTC: B1030 BT: SCALLOP [B1489] BT: GRAIN [B1324] BT: CLAM [B1331] UF: hiatula diphos QUEEN SNAPPER QUINOLINE YELLOW FTC: B2151 FTC: B3231 purple granadilla BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: PASSION FRUIT [B1634] UF: bleareyed snapper PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: cachucho ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] purple nutsedge UF: etelis oculatus UF: E 104 USE: NUTSEDGE [B2503] UF: night snapper UF: INS 104 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 193

and thereby increase the vol- FTC: B1494 QUINOLINE YELLOW ADDED ume of a dough or batter. BT: BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] FTC: H0656 European Council Directive BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, 95/2/EC. rastrelliger kanagurta EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: INDIAN MACKEREL [B2934] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- raja spp. TARIUS [H0399] USE: SKATE [B1340] RATFISH UF: E 104 added FTC: B2878 UF: INS 104 added rajidae BT: SHORTNOSE CHIMAERA USE: SKATE FAMILY [B1976] FAMILY [B2882] R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES AND UF: chimaera monstrosa REGIONS RAMBUTAN UF: hydrolagus novaezelandiae FTC: QX FTC: B1629 UF: hydrolagus spp. SN: Contains names of the conti- BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- nents, regions and countries CAL FRUIT [B1024] RATTLESNAKE of the world, as well as UF: alectryon subcinereus FTC: B2438 worldwide fishing regions and UF: euphorbia nephelium BT: SNAKE [B1295] geopolitical designations. UF: hairy lychee UF: nephelium lappaceum raw or uncooked RABBIT UF: rhambustan USE: NOT HEAT-TREATED FTC: B1323 [F0003] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) RAMIE [B1134] FTC: B2447 ray UF: oryctolagus spp. BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: SKATE [B1340] UF: sylvilagus spp. UF: boehmeria nivea ray's bream RABBIT FEED ramtilla USE: ATLANTIC POMFRET FTC: P0158 USE: NIGER (PLANT) [B2066] [B1929] BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] rana catesbiana razor clam RACCOON USE: FROG [B1252] USE: MARGIN JACKKNIFE FTC: B1461 [B2716] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) rana esculenta [B1134] USE: FROG [B1252] RAZOR SHELL CLAM UF: procyon spp. FTC: B2879 rana japonica BT: CLAM [B1331] rack (meat cut) USE: FROG [B1252] UF: USE: RIB (MEAT CUT) [Z0023] rana nigromaculata ready to eat (cooked) RADICCHIO USE: FROG [B1252] USE: FULLY HEAT-TREATED FTC: B2452 [F0014] BT: HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] rana pipiens USE: FROG [B1252] READY-TO-EAT SAVORIES RADISH FTC: A0466 FTC: B1315 rana sylvatica AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING USE: FROG [B1252] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR READY-TO-EAT SAVORIES BULB USED [B1018] rangifer arcticus FTC: A0640 UF: raphanus sativus USE: CARIBOU [B1509] AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996

RAINBOW RUNNER raniceps raninus reconstituted to liquid FTC: B2382 USE: TADPOLE FISH [B2707] USE: REHYDRATED [H0259] BT: JACK [B1044] UF: elagatis bipinnulata RAPE RECYCLED PAPERBOARD CON- FTC: B1248 TAINER RAINBOW SMELT BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT FTC: M0429 FTC: B1905 [B1017] BT: PAPERBOARD CON- BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] UF: brassica napus TAINER, UNTREATED UF: osmerus mordax [M0340] UF: smelt, rainbow raphanus sativus SN: Example: egg box. USE: RADISH [B1315] RAINBOW TROUT RED 2G FTC: B1109 raphanus sativus longipinnatus FTC: B3232 BT: TROUT [B1258] USE: CHINESE RADISH [B1513] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: oncorhynchus mykiss PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: salmo gairdneri rapini ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: salmo irideus USE: FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] UF: E 128 UF: steelhead trout UF: INS 128 UF: trout, rainbow RAQUETTE FTC: Z0131 RED 2G ADDED RAISING AGENT BT: QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] FTC: H0657 FTC: A0346 SN: This corresponds approxi- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- mately to the U.S. cuts of EUROPEAN COMMU- CATION, EUROPEAN meat called 'shoulder' and NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- COMMUNITY [A0324] 'foreshank'. TARIUS [H0399] AI: Substance or combinations of UF: E 128 added substances that liberate gas RASPBERRY UF: INS 128 added

194 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: sciaenops ocellatus UF: rubus idaeus RED BANANA FTC: B1561 RED FISH FLESH RED RICE BT: BANANA [B1266] FTC: Z0059 FTC: B2512 UF: red-skinned banana BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH BT: RICE [B1322] [Z0055] UF: oryza glaberrima RED BEAN SN: Used only for red salmon. UF: rice, red FTC: B1702 BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) red gram RED ROCKFISH [B1567] USE: PIGEON PEA [B2010] FTC: B2900 UF: phaseolus calcaratus BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: rice bean RED GROUPER [B1084] FTC: B1757 UF: scorpaena cardinalis RED BEET BT: GROUPER [B1496] FTC: B2940 UF: epinephelus morio red salmon BT: BEET [B1309] USE: SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] red guinea corn RED BELL PEPPER USE: DURRA, BROWN [B2622] RED SHRIMP FTC: B2630 FTC: B2614 BT: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET RED HAKE BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY PEPPER [B2628] FTC: B1442 [B1081] UF: red bell sweet pepper BT: HAKE [B1291] UF: red sweet pepper UF: urophycis chuss RED SNAPPER SN: Ripe fruit of red bell pepper FTC: B1089 varieties. Do not confuse with RED HAWAIIAN PORGY BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] *RED PEPPER*. FTC: B1815 UF: lutjanus blackfordi BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] UF: lutjanus campechanus red bell sweet pepper UF: chrysophrys auratus UF: lutjanus pensacolae USE: RED BELL PEPPER [B2630] UF: porgy, red hawaiian UF: snapper, red

RED BOLETUS RED KIDNEY BEAN red sorrel (hibiscus) FTC: B2737 FTC: B1659 USE: ROSELLE [B1691] BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] BT: KIDNEY BEAN [B1113] UF: boletus rufus RED SWAMP CRAYFISH SN: Source--Persoon, D.C.H., RED KING CRAB FTC: B2231 Synopsis Methodica Fun- FTC: B2211 BT: CRAWFISH OR CRAYFISH gorum. 1801, p.504. BT: STONE AND KING CRAB [B2686] FAMILY [B2209] UF: crawfish, red swamp RED CABBAGE UF: paralithodes camtschaticus UF: louisiana crayfish FTC: B2072 UF: procambarus clarkii BT: CABBAGE [B1406] RED KINGKLIP UF: cabbage, red FTC: B1859 red sweet pepper BT: CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] USE: RED BELL PEPPER [B2630] RED CLOVER UF: genypterus chilensis FTC: B2333 UF: kingklip, red REDEYE MULLET BT: CLOVER [B1254] FTC: B1785 UF: trifolium pratense RED LEAF LETTUCE BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] FTC: B2088 UF: mugil gaimardianus red cluster pepper BT: LOOSE LEAF LETTUCE UF: mullet, redeye USE: CLUSTER PEPPER [B2635] [B2087] REDFISH OR OCEAN PERCH RED COD red lobster FTC: B1153 FTC: B2179 USE: PRONGHORN SPINY LOB- BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BT: MORID COD FAMILY STER [B2202] [B1084] [B2170] UF: ocean perch UF: physiculus bachus RED MULLET UF: rockfish (ocean perch) UF: pseudophycis bachus FTC: B2567 UF: sebastes marinus BT: GOATFISH FAMILY [B2658] RED CURRANT UF: mullet, red redfish, labrador FTC: B1055 UF: mullus surmuletus USE: LABRADOR REDFISH BT: CURRANT [B1528] [B1768] UF: ribes ruburm red pepper (chile pepper) UF: ribes sativum USE: HOT PEPPER [B1643] redfish, little USE: SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] red date red pepper (pungent pepper variety) USE: CHINESE RED DATE USE: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- red-skinned banana [B2008] ETY [B2633] USE: RED BANANA [B1561]

RED DEEPSEA CRAB RED PORGY REDTAIL PRAWN FTC: B1943 FTC: B2283 FTC: B2613 BT: DEEP SEA CRAB FAMILY BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY [B2228] UF: pagrus pagrus [B1081] UF: geryon quinquedens UF: pagrus sedicem UF: penaeus penicillatus

RED DRUM RED RASPBERRY REDUCED CALORIE FOOD FTC: B2460 FTC: B1096 FTC: P0034 BT: DRUM [B1204] BT: RASPBERRY [B1494] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 195

BT: NO OR REDUCED CALO- SN: Food containing at least 25% RIES CLAIM OR USE less saturated fat per amount REHEATED [P0066] customarily consumed than FTC: G0037 SN: Food having at least 25% the saturated fat content of a BT: G. COOKING METHOD fewer calories per amount comparable food product. The [G0002] customarily consumed from comparable food product may SN: Reheating is a simple proc- the calories of a comparable not be 'low saturated fat'. ess to bring an already fully food product. The com- cooked product to serving plarable food may not be 'low REDUCED SODIUM FOOD temperature. Do not use for a calorie'. FTC: P0154 process that completes the BT: REDUCED SALT OR SO- cooking of a partially cooked REDUCED CHOLESTEROL FOOD DIUM FOOD [P0037] food. FTC: P0044 SN: Food containing at least 25% BT: NO OR REDUCED CHO- less sodium per amount cus- REHEATED BY BOIL-IN-BAG LESTEROL CLAIM OR USE tomarily consumed than the FTC: G0040 [P0149] sodium content of a compa- BT: REHEATED [G0037] SN: Food having at least 25% less rable food product. The com- cholesterol per amount cus- parable food may not be 'low REHEATED BY DRY HEAT tomarily consumed from the sodium'. FTC: G0039 cholesterol content of a com- BT: REHEATED [G0037] parable food product. The reduced sodium or salt food comparable food may not be USE: REDUCED SALT OR SO- REHEATED BY MICROWAVE 'low cholesterol'. DIUM FOOD [P0037] FTC: G0038 BT: REHEATED [G0037] REDUCED FAT FOOD REDUCED SUGARS FOOD FTC: P0040 FTC: P0181 REHEATED IN PAN OR COOKING BT: NO OR REDUCED FAT BT: NO OR REDUCED SUGAR UTENSIL CLAIM OR USE [P0069] CLAIM OR USE [P0090] FTC: G0041 SN: Food containing at least 25% SN: Food having at least 25% less BT: REHEATED [G0037] less fat per amount customar- sugars per amount customar- ily consumed from the fat ily consumed than the sugars REHYDRATED content of a comparable food content of a comparable food FTC: H0259 product. The comparable food product. BT: WATER ADDED OR RE- may not be 'low fat'. MOVED [H0254] REED FESCUE UF: made from concentrate reduced or no calories claim or use FTC: B2338 UF: moistened USE: NO OR REDUCED CALO- BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD UF: previously concentrated RIES CLAIM OR USE SOURCE [B1347] UF: reconstituted to liquid [P0066] UF: alta fescue UF: soaked UF: festuca arundinacea SN: Used for a product that is reduced or no cholesterol claim or use UF: festuca elatior prepared by adding water or a USE: NO OR REDUCED CHO- UF: meadow fescue water-based liquid (milk, juice, LESTEROL CLAIM OR USE UF: tall fescue broth) to a dehydrated or con- [P0149] centrated product or to a REFINED OR PARTIALLY-REFINED product that contains an in- reduced or no fat claim or use FOOD PRODUCT dexed dehydrated ingredient USE: NO OR REDUCED FAT FTC: A0129 plus water to rehydrate that CLAIM OR USE [P0069] BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA ingredient. Examples: juice [A0289] or juice drink from concen- reduced or no salt or sodium claim or SN: Extract, concentrate or isolate trate; milk reconstituted from use derived from a food source dry or concentrated milk; USE: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR through one or more refining soaked dried beans or stewed SODIUM CLAIM OR USE steps (see *EXTRACT, fruit; biscuit dough (prepared [P0077] CONCENTRATE OR ISO- by rehydrating flour); soup LATE OF PLANT OR ANI- made from dehydrated ingre- reduced or no sugar label claim MAL*) and marketed as such. dients; cooked noodles or USE: NO OR REDUCED SUGAR boiled rice. If the resulting CLAIM OR USE [P0090] refrigerated product contains water be- USE: PRESERVED BY STORAGE yond its natural water level, REDUCED SALT FOOD IN REFRIGERATION [J0131] also index *WATER ADDED*. FTC: P0087 BT: REDUCED SALT OR SO- REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM REINDEER DIUM FOOD [P0037] FTC: M0326 FTC: B1619 BT: NATURAL POLYMER CON- BT: DEER [B1583] REDUCED SALT OR SODIUM TAINER [M0320] FOOD reinhardtius hippoglossoides FTC: P0037 REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM, USE: GREENLAND TURBOT BT: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR COATED [B1589] SODIUM CLAIM OR USE FTC: M0327 [P0077] BT: REGENERATED CELLU- reinhardtius spp. UF: reduced sodium or salt food LOSE FILM [M0326] USE: HALIBUT [B1532]

REDUCED SATURATED FAT FOOD REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM, REISHI MUSHROOM FTC: P0180 COLOURED FTC: B2361 BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED FTC: M0328 BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] CLAIM OR USE [P0071] BT: REGENERATED CELLU- UF: ganoderma lucidum LOSE FILM [M0326]

196 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

RELEASE AGENT resin elastic container roots from its undersurface FTC: A0437 USE: RUBBER CONTAINER (Source: Webster's) BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, [M0329] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS RHODE ISLAND [A0351] RESTAURANT OR FAST FOOD FTC: US44 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- PREPARED BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: Z0119 [US62] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: PREPARATION ESTAB- LISHMENT [Z0108] rhodesia RELIGION- OR CUSTOMS- SN: Foods prepared in the kitch- USE: ZIMBABWE [ZW] RELATED CLAIM OR USE ens of restaurants or fast food FTC: P0126 restaurants and served to pa- RHODYMENIA BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- trons. FTC: B2410 TARY USE [P0023] BT: ALGAE, RED [B1743] UF: custom- or religion-related RESTAURANT PREPARED claim or use FTC: Z0110 rhombosolea leporina BT: RESTAURANT OR FAST USE: YELLOWBELLY FLOUNDER RELISH FOOD PREPARED [Z0119] [B2675] FTC: A0225 UF: prepared in a restaurant BT: CONDIMENT OR RELISH rhombosolea plebeia [A0179] restored USE: SAND FLOUNDER [B2674] SN: Mixture of fruits, vegetables, USE: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY or other ingredients, such as SUBSTANCE ADDED rhopilema spp. spices and sweeteners, used [H0194] USE: JELLYFISH [B2408] to enhance the flavor of other food products. retortable pouch RHUBARB USE: LAMINATE BAG OR POUCH FTC: B1364 relish or condiment [M0144] BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT USE: CONDIMENT OR RELISH [B1140] [A0179] REUNION ISLAND UF: rheum rhabarbarum FTC: RE rennin (rennet) coagulated BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS rhus spp. USE: CLOTTING ENZYME [QS] USE: SUMAC [B2161] ADDED [H0298] REX SOLE RIB (MEAT CUT) REPTILE FTC: B1864 FTC: Z0023 FTC: B1625 BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BT: ANIMAL USED AS FOOD FAMILY [B1856] UF: hotel rack SOURCE [B1297] UF: glyptocephalus zachirus UF: rack (meat cut) UF: reptilia rexea solandri ribes REPTILE, AMPHIBIAN, INSECT, USE: SILVER GEMFISH [B2676] USE: BERRY, RIBES [B1159] ETC. MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT rhambustan ribes nigrum FTC: A0303 USE: RAMBUTAN [B1629] USE: BLACK CURRANT [B1192] BT: MEAT, POULTRY, SEA- FOOD OR RELATED rhamnus purshiana ribes rubrum cv. PRODUCT [A0217] USE: CASCARA SAGRADA USE: WHITE CURRANT [B2752] SN: Flesh or edible body part from [B2340] reptile, amphibian, insect, or ribes ruburm other nonmammal origin. rhamnus spina-christi USE: RED CURRANT [B1055] Does not include poultry or USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] seafood. ribes sativum rhamnus ziziphus USE: RED CURRANT [B1055] reptilia USE: CHINESE RED DATE USE: REPTILE [B1625] [B2008] ribes sativum cv. USE: WHITE CURRANT [B2752] republic of china rheidae USE: CHINA, REPUBLIC OF [TW] USE: OSTRICH [B2118] RIBOFLAVIN FTC: B3233 republic of korea rheum rhabarbarum BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: KOREA, REPUBLIC OF [KR] USE: RHUBARB [B1364] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] REQUIEM SHARK FAMILY rhinichthys spp. UF: E 101 FTC: B1916 USE: DACE [B2078] UF: INS 101 BT: FISH, LAMNIFORM [B2553] UF: carcharhinidae RHIZOME RIBOFLAVIN ADDED FTC: C0305 FTC: H0310 RESIDUE BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB BT: VITAMIN B ADDED [H0216] FTC: A0438 [C0238] UF: vitamin b2 added BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, AI: A creeping stem SN: Used when riboflavin is added CODEX ALIMENTARIUS lying, usually horizontally, at at any level. Always use this [A0351] or under the surface of the term for enriched flour or rice, AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- soil and differing from a root enriched bakery products, per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome in having scale leaves, bear- and enriched macaroni or 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ing leaves or aerial shoots noodle products. (21 CFR near its tips, and producing LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 197

137. 610(a), 21 CFR BT: BASS [B2665] 136.115(a)(1), and others) RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FAMILY UF: ambloplites rupestris FTC: B1856 RIBOFLAVIN ADDED BT: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM ROCK COD FTC: H0658 [B1023] FTC: B2145 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: pleuronectidae BT: MORID COD FAMILY EUROPEAN COMMU- [B2170] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- RIND REMOVED UF: lotella rhacina TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0398 UF: physiculus barbatus UF: E 101 added BT: COMPONENT REMOVED UF: INS 101 added [H0238] ROCK CORNISH FOWL SN: Used for food products (typi- FTC: B1591 RIBOFLAVIN-5'-PHOSPHATE cally fruit, cheese or meat) BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD FTC: B3234 that have had the rind re- [B1563] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- moved. PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ROCK CRAB FAMILY ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ringed boletus FTC: B2351 UF: E 101 USE: SLIPPERY JACK MUSH- BT: CRAB [B1335] UF: INS 101 ROOM [B2260] UF: cancridae

RIBOFLAVIN-5'-PHOSPHATE RIPE OR MATURE rock lobster ADDED FTC: Z0052 USE: SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] FTC: H0659 BT: DEGREE OF PLANT MA- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TURITY [Z0050] ROCK SHELL SNAIL EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: mature FTC: B2322 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: That stage of plant develop- BT: SNAIL [B2114] TARIUS [H0399] ment at which a plant or plant UF: thaididae UF: E 101 added part has achieved full maturity UF: INS 101 added and is ready for utilization. ROCK SOLE Use only if ripeness is stated FTC: B1868 RICE in the food name or label. BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: B1322 FAMILY [B1856] BT: GRAIN [B1324] ripened (cured) UF: lepidopsetta bilineata UF: oryza sativa USE: FERMENTED/MODIFIED, UF: sole, rock MULTIPLE COMPONENT RICE ADDED [H0128] ROCKET FTC: H0321 FTC: B2474 BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] river herring BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: ALEWIFE [B1402] UF: eruca vesicaria sativa rice bean UF: rocket-salad USE: RED BEAN [B1702] ROACH (FISH) UF: rugula FTC: B1925 rice, red BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY rocket-salad USE: RED RICE [B2512] [B1921] USE: ROCKET [B2474] UF: rutilus rutilus rice, wild ROCKFISH USE: WILD RICE [B1375] ROASTED (PROCESSING FTC: B2893 METHOD) BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY RICEFISH FAMILY FTC: H0391 [B1084] FTC: B2372 BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY UF: helicolenus papillosus BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM MODIFIED [H0130] [B1573] SN: Used primarily for processing rockfish (ocean perch) UF: oryziidae of seeds, such as coffee, USE: REDFISH OR OCEAN spices, nuts, and cacao PERCH [B1153] RICH IN FIBER CLAIM OR USE beans. FTC: P0075 rockfish, bank BT: FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR roasted or baked USE: BANK ROCKFISH [B1772] USE [P0049] USE: BAKED OR ROASTED UF: fiber rich claim or use [G0005] rockfish, black USE: BLACK ROCKFISH [B1770] rich in label claim ROASTER CHICKEN USE: "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM FTC: B1710 rockfish, canary [P0130] BT: CHICKEN [B1457] USE: CANARY ROCKFISH SN: A young chicken (usually 3-5 [B1774] rich in label claim months of age), of either sex, USE: "HIGH" LABEL CLAIM that is tender-meated with rockfish, olive [P0130] soft, pliable, smooth- textured USE: OLIVE ROCKFISH [B1771] skin and breastbone cartilage ricinus communis that may be somewhat less rockfish, speckled USE: CASTOR BEAN [B1703] flexible than that of a broiler or USE: SPECKLED ROCKFISH fryer. [B1775] RICKETTSIALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE robber crab rockfish, vermilion FTC: B2854 USE: COCONUT CRAB [B2219] USE: VERMILION ROCKFISH BT: BACTERIA [B2846] [B1766] SN: The Prokaryotes, 2d. Ed, ROCK BASS 1992, v.III, p.2401. FTC: B1362 rockfish, widow

198 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: WIDOW ROCKFISH [B1776] plant] - Syn. radix, rootlet, root ROSELLE hair, tuber, taproot, radicle, FTC: B1691 rockfish, yelloweye rhizome, rootstock; (Source: BT: HIBISCUS [B2082] USE: YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH Webster's Thesaurus) UF: hibiscus sabdariffa [B1773] UF: jamaica sorrel ***** ROOT OF LANGUAL THESAU- UF: red sorrel (hibiscus) rockfish, yellowtail RUS HIERARCHY ***** USE: YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH ROSEMARY [B1777] ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR FLOWER FTC: B1495 FTC: C0148 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- ROCOTILLO PEPPER BT: PART OF PLANT [C0174] PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B2562 UF: flower, root, stem or leaf [B1179] BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] UF: leaf, flower, root or stem UF: rosmarinus officinalis UF: pepper, rocotillo UF: stem, leaf, flower or root SN: The parts of a plant that are rosmarinus officinalis roe not fruit or seed. USE: ROSEMARY [B1495] USE: OVARY, ROE [C0202] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB ROUGH STEMMED BOLETUS roll, bun, or bread FTC: C0238 FTC: B2738 USE: BREAD [A0178] BT: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] FLOWER [C0148] UF: leccinum scabrum roll, sweet UF: bulb, root or tuber USE: SWEET ROLL OR SWEET UF: tuber, bulb or root ROUGHSCALE FLOUNDER BUN [A0151] FTC: B2000 ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, PEEL BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER ROLLED ONLY FAMILY [B1856] FTC: H0239 FTC: C0261 UF: clidoderma asperrimum BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB MODIFIED [H0130] [C0238] ROUGHY SN: Used for a grain in which the FTC: B2327 kernels have been physically ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITH BT: SLIMEHEAD FAMILY compressed between heated PART OF TOP [B1942] rollers. FTC: C0100 UF: hoplostethus BT: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR UF: paratrachichthys ROMAINE FLOWER [C0148] FTC: B2089 ROUND HERRING BT: LETTUCE [B1390] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITH FTC: B1850 UF: cos lettuce PEEL BT: HERRING [B1414] UF: lactuca sativa var. cos FTC: C0239 UF: etrumeus micropus BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB UF: herring, round roman coriander [C0238] USE: CUMIN, BLACK [B1176] ROUND KUMQUAT ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITHOUT FTC: B2775 PEEL BT: KUMQUAT [B1530] FTC: RO FTC: C0240 UF: fortunella japonica BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB UF: marumi kumquat [C0238] ROOIBOS ROUND OR LEG (MEAT CUT) FTC: B2057 rosa gallica FTC: Z0024 BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: ROSE [B1225] BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] PRODUCING PLANT UF: leg (meat cut) [B1179] rosae UF: aspalathus linearis USE: ROSE [B1225] ROUND SCAD FTC: B2481 ROOSTER ROSE BT: SCAD [B2424] FTC: B1714 FTC: B1225 UF: decapterus punctatus BT: CHICKEN [B1457] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: cock PRODUCING PLANT ROYAL SPINY LOBSTER UF: cockerel [B1179] FTC: B2208 SN: A mature male chicken with UF: rosa gallica BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY coarse skin, toughened and UF: rosae [B2163] darkened meat, and hard- UF: panulirus regius ened breastbone tip. ROSEAPPLE UF: panulirus rissonii FTC: B2020 ROOT BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- RUBBER CONTAINER FTC: C0306 CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: M0329 BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB UF: eugenia jambos BT: NATURAL POLYMER CON- [C0238] UF: jaman TAINER [M0320] AI: The part of a UF: jambos UF: resin elastic container plant, usually below the UF: jamrosade ground, that lacks nodes, UF: jamrose RUBBER GASKET shoots, and leaves, holds the UF: malabar plum FTC: M0261 plant in position, draws water UF: pomarosa BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] and nourishment from the soil, and stores food (Source: roseapple (syzygium malaccense) RUBUS Webster's) USE: MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] FTC: B2819 [An underground portion of a LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 199

BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT CAL FRUIT [B1024] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR [B1017] UF: rubus pinnatus var. afro- BULB USED [B1018] UF: carthamus tinctorius tropicus UF: brassica napobrassica var. UF: false saffron solidflora rubus chamaemorus UF: brassica napus var. napo- SAFFLOWER USE: CLOUDBERRY [B2029] brassica FTC: B1548 UF: swede BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] rubus flagellaris UF: swedish turnip UF: carthamus tinctorius USE: DEWBERRY [B1490] UF: false saffron rutilus rutilus rubus idaeus USE: ROACH (FISH) [B1925] SAFFLOWER OR SUNFLOWER OIL USE: RED RASPBERRY [B1096] ADDED RWANDA FTC: H0347 rubus macropetalus FTC: RW BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL USE: BLACKBERRY [B1407] BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] ADDED [H0263] UF: sunflower oil added rubus occidentalis RYE USE: BLACK RASPBERRY FTC: B1313 SAFFRON [B1618] BT: GRAIN [B1324] FTC: B1459 UF: secale BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus PRODUCING PLANT USE: RUBUS [B2819] RYE ADDED [B1179] FTC: H0337 UF: crocus sativus rubus spp. BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] USE: BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] saffron milk cap rye, common USE: LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS rubus ursinus cv. young USE: COMMON RYE [B2352] [B2740] USE: YOUNGBERRY [B1388] rye-wheat hybrid SAGE rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. USE: TRITICALE [B1358] FTC: B1303 boysen BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: BOYSENBERRY [B1063] saba PRODUCING PLANT USE: GUMVINE [B2792] [B1179] rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. UF: salvia logan saba senegalensis USE: LOGANBERRY [B1401] USE: GUMVINE [B2792] sage, mexican USE: OREGANO, MEXICAN RUFF FAMILY SABLEFISH [B2262] FTC: B2679 FTC: B1437 BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: SABLEFISH FAMILY [B2006] sagittaria tatifolia UF: centrolophidae UF: anoplopoma fimbria USE: ARROWHEAD [B1716] UF: warehou family SABLEFISH FAMILY SAGO PALM rugula FTC: B2006 FTC: B2139 USE: ROCKET [B2474] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: PALM [B1286] UF: anopoplomatidae BT: PALM [B1286] rumex UF: cycas circinalis USE: SORREL [B1641] SACCHARIN UF: fern palm FTC: B3235 UF: japanese fern palm RUMINANT STOMACH BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: queen sago palm FTC: C0224 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: STOMACH [C0211] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SAILFISH UF: E 954 FTC: B1521 RUMSTECK UF: INS 954 BT: BILLFISH FAMILY [B1518] FTC: Z0145 UF: istiophorus platypterus BT: ALOYAU [Z0141] SACCHARIN ADDED SN: Examples include aiguillette FTC: H0660 saint helena island rumsteck and aiguillette BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: ST. HELENA [SH] baronne. EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS rupicapra rupicapra TARIUS [H0399] FTC: KN USE: CHAMOIS [B2698] UF: E 954 added BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS UF: INS 954 added [QO01] rush nut UF: nevis island USE: CHUFA [B2159] saccharum officinarum USE: SUGAR CANE [B1378] SAINT LUCIA RUSSIA FTC: LC FTC: RU sack BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BT: ASIA [QN] USE: BAG, SACK OR POUCH [QO01] [M0197] RUSSIA saint pierre and miquelon FTC: RU sadao USE: ST. PIERRE AND MIQUE- BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] USE: CHINABERRY [B2157] LON [PM]

RUTABAGA SAFFLOWER SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENA- FTC: B1413 FTC: B1548 DINES

200 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: VC USE: PACIFIC SALMON [B1126] BT: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS SODIUM CLAIM OR USE [QO01] salmon, pink [P0077] UF: grenadine islands USE: PINK SALMON [B1116] UF: sodium or salt free food SN: Food having less than 5 milli- saithe salmon, sockeye grams of salt or sodium per USE: POLLOCK [B1440] USE: SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] amount customarily con- sumed (or for meals and main SAL TREE salmonberry dishes, less than 5 miligrams FTC: B2363 USE: CLOUDBERRY [B2029] of salt or sodium per labeled BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT serving). Such foods must not [B1017] salmonidae contain an ingredient that is UF: shorea robusta USE: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] salt or sodium or generally understood to comtain salt or SALACIA SALSIFY sodium except where the in- FTC: B2929 FTC: B1551 gredient listed is footnoted BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING '*adds a trivial amount of {salt CAL FRUIT [B1024] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR or sodium}'. UF: salacia spp. BULB USED [B1018] UF: oyster plant SALT OR SODIUM SPECIAL CLAIM salacia spp. UF: tragopogon porrifolius OR USE USE: SALACIA [B2929] FTC: P0047 SALT ADDED BT: NUTRITION-RELATED SALAD FTC: H0367 CLAIM OR USE [P0065] FTC: A0208 BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE UF: sodium or salt special diet BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- INGREDIENT ADDED SN: All narrower term definitions UCT [A0172] [H0117] extracted from 58 Federal SN: A combination of one or more SN: (tentative definition) used Register 2032, January 6, vegetable, fruit, herb, meat, when salt or sodium chloride 1993, part 101.61. poultry, seafood, egg, cereal is the second, third or fourth or pasta, usually served with ingredient in a multiple- SALT SUBSTITUTE some kind of moist dressing; ingredient food product such FTC: A0439 may be molded with a jelling as dry, packaged soup mix. BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, agent. Salad takes prece- The salt or sodium chloride CODEX ALIMENTARIUS dence over other product constitutes a significant in- [A0351] types. Examples are egg gredient in proportion to the AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- salad, tuna salad, mixed first ingredient of the food. Do per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome vegetable salad, jelled fruit not use for food products with 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 salad and macaroni salad. a limited number of ingredi- ents where the salt or sodium salt substitute or salt salientia chloride does not constitute a USE: SALT OR SALT SUBSTI- USE: FROG [B1252] significant ingredient, for ex- TUTE [A0134] ample, salted peanuts, when salmo clarki the ingredients are specified SALT-BRACKISH WATER BASS USE: CUTTHROAT TROUT as 'peanuts, salt'. FTC: B2428 [B2869] BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY SALT FREE FOOD [B1184] salmo except salmo salar FTC: P0080 USE: TROUT [B1258] BT: SALT OR SODIUM FREE SALTED FOOD [P0035] FTC: H0173 salmo gairdneri SN: Food having less than 5 milli- BT: SALT ADDED [H0367] USE: RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] grams salt per amount cus- UF: sodium chloride added tomarily consumed (or for SN: Used for products known to salmo irideus meals and main dishes less contain at least 4% added USE: RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] than 5 milligrams salt per la- and naturally present salt (so- beled serving). Such food dium chloride); also when it is salmo salar must contain no ingredient necessary to distinguish one USE: ATLANTIC SALMON [B1587] that is salt or generally under- product from another (e.g., stood to contain salt except salted peanuts). It should be salmo trutta where the ingredient listed is used for salt-fermented prod- USE: BROWN TROUT [B1479] footnoted '*adds a trivial ucts or when salting is a sec- amount of salt'. ondary peservation method. SALMON FTC: B2250 SALT OR SALT SUBSTITUTE SALTS AND SPICES, SOUPS, BT: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] FTC: A0134 SAUCES AND SALADS, UF: oncorhynchus spp. BT: FLAVORING OR SEASON- PROTEIN PRODUCTS ETC. ING [A0133] FTC: A0463 salmon, chinook UF: salt substitute or salt AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 USE: CHINOOK SALMON [B1132] SN: Table salt and its substitutes; also products combining other SALTS AND SPICES, SOUPS, salmon, chum flavors or seasonings with salt SAUCES AND SALADS, USE: CHUM SALMON [B1115] when these are predomi- PROTEIN PRODUCTS ETC. nantly salt. FTC: A0637 salmon, coho AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 USE: COHO SALMON [B1117] SALT OR SODIUM FREE FOOD FTC: P0035 salvelinus alpinus salmon, pacific USE: ARCTIC CHAR [B1332] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 201

BT: SEATROUT [B2657] egg salad sandwich or ham- salvelinus fontinalis UF: cynoscion arenarius burger on roll. The filling of a USE: BROOK TROUT [B1077] UF: white seatrout sandwich is always indexed as the food source, even if salvelinus malma sand shark the bread is the same weight USE: DOLLY VARDEN [B1683] USE: SAND TIGER [B2718] or outweighs the filling ingre- dient(s). The bread would be salvelinus namaycush SAND SHRIMP indexed by *GRAIN ADDED* USE: LAKE TROUT [B1503] FTC: B2575 or the appropriate narrower BT: CRANGONID SHRIMP FAM- term. salvia ILY [B2574] USE: SAGE [B1303] UF: crangon septemspinosus SANTA CLAUS MELON UF: shrimp, sand FTC: B1578 salvia chia BT: MELON [B1283] USE: CHIA [B1723] SAND SOLE UF: melon, santa claus FTC: B1870 salvia columbariae BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER santiria USE: CHIA [B1723] FAMILY [B1856] USE: TOOTH-BRUSH TREE UF: fringe sole [B2814] sambucus spp. UF: psettichthys melanostictus USE: ELDERBERRY [B1403] UF: sole, sand santiria trimera USE: TOOTH-BRUSH TREE samoa, american SAND TIGER [B2814] USE: AMERICAN SAMOA [AS] FTC: B2718 BT: SAND TIGER FAMILY SANTOL samoa, western [B2754] FTC: B2449 USE: WESTERN SAMOA [WS] UF: odontaspis taurus BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: sand shark CAL FRUIT [B1024] SAN MARINO UF: sandoricum koetjape FTC: SM SAND TIGER FAMILY BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN FTC: B2754 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE [QR03] BT: FISH, LAMNIFORM [B2553] FTC: ST UF: odontaspididae BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] sanaa UF: principe USE: YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC SANDDAB [YE] FTC: B2649 sapindus senegalensis BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- USE: SOAPBERRY [B2836] sand apple ILY [B1879] USE: MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] SAPODILLA sandeel FTC: B1693 SAND FLOUNDER USE: SAND LANCE [B1354] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2674 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER SANDFISH UF: achras sapota FAMILY [B1856] FTC: B2568 UF: chicle tree UF: rhombosolea plebeia BT: SANDFISH FAMILY [B2569] UF: chicozapote UF: arctoscopus spp. UF: manilkara zapota SAND LANCE UF: trichodon spp. UF: nispero tree FTC: B1354 BT: SAND LANCE FAMILY SANDFISH FAMILY sapota [B1830] FTC: B2569 USE: SAPOTE [B1694] UF: ammodytes spp. BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: sandeel UF: trichodontidae SAPOTE FTC: B1694 SAND LANCE FAMILY sandoricum koetjape BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B1830 USE: SANTOL [B2449] CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: calocarpum sapota UF: ammodytidae SANDPERCH UF: caolcarpum mammosum FTC: B2367 UF: lucuma mammosa sand lobster BT: SANDPERCH FAMILY UF: mamey colorado USE: SLIPPER LOBSTER [B2491] [B2368] UF: mamey sapote UF: pinguipes spp. UF: mammee sapote SAND PEAR UF: marmalade fruit FTC: B1523 SANDPERCH FAMILY UF: marmalade plum BT: PEAR [B1344] FTC: B2368 UF: pouteria sapota UF: asian pear BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: sapota UF: chinese pear UF: mugiloididae SN: See Hortus, p.204 for refer- UF: japanese pear ence to Calocarpum mam- UF: oriental pear SANDWICH mosum. UF: pyrus pyrifolia FTC: A0218 BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- SARAN SAND PERCH UCT WITH BAKERY BASE FTC: N0025 FTC: B2301 OR ENCLOSURE, UN- BT: VINYLIDENE [N0029] BT: GROUPER [B1496] SWEETENED [A0102] SN: Trade name of polyvinylidene UF: diplectrum formosum SN: Sandwich takes precedent chloride copolymer film. Chief over other product types. Ex- packaging uses are in film SAND SEATROUT amples: peanut butter and and in coatings for other flexi- FTC: B1104 jelly sandwich, tuna sandwich,

202 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

ble substrates such as cello- USE: SOUTH AFRICAN PIL- where the ingredient listed phane and paper. CHARD [B1984] has been footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of saturated fat'. sarcocephalus sardinops sagax caeruleus USE: AFRICAN PEACH [B2784] USE: PACIFIC SARDINE [B1847] SATURATED FAT-RELATED CLAIM OR USE sarcocephalus esculentus sardinops sagax melanosticta FTC: P0071 USE: AFRICAN PEACH [B2784] USE: JAPANESE PILCHARD BT: FAT SPECIAL CLAIM OR [B1974] USE [P0017] sarcocephalus latifolius SN: All narrower term definitions USE: AFRICAN PEACH [B2784] sardinops sagax sagax extracted from 58 Federal USE: CHILEAN PILCHARD Register 2302, January 6, sarda chiliensis [B2192] 1993, part 101.62(c). USE: PACIFIC BONITO [B1791] SARSAPARILLA satureja hortensis sarda orientalis FTC: B2065 USE: SAVORY, SUMMER [B1123] USE: STRIPED BONITO [B2189] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PRODUCING PLANT satureja montana sarda sarda [B1179] USE: SAVORY, WINTER [B1114] USE: ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] UF: smilax aristolochiifolia sauce added sarda spp. SASKATCHEWAN USE: PACKED IN GRAVY OR USE: BONITO [B1264] FTC: CA11 SAUCE [K0034] BT: CANADA [CA] sarda velox sauce or gravy USE: STRIPED BONITO [B2189] SASSAFRAS USE: GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0286] FTC: B1493 sardina BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- sauce, condiment USE: SARDINE [B1558] PRODUCING PLANT USE: CONDIMENT SAUCE [B1179] [A0263] sardina pilchardus UF: sassafras albidum USE: EUROPEAN PILCHARD sauce, condiment, dressing or gravy [B1853] sassafras albidum USE: DRESSING, CONDIMENT, USE: SASSAFRAS [B1493] GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] SARDINE FTC: B1558 SATAW SAUDI ARABIA BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] FTC: B2458 FTC: SA UF: pilchard BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] UF: sardina [B1156] UF: sardinops UF: sato SAUGER FTC: B1670 sardine, pacific sato BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] USE: PACIFIC SARDINE [B1847] USE: SATAW [B2458] UF: canadian pike UF: stizostedion canadense sardine, spanish SATSUMA ORANGE USE: SPANISH SARDINE [B2003] FTC: B2722 SAURY BT: MANDARIN ORANGE FTC: B2484 SARDINELLA [B1429] BT: SAURY FAMILY [B1888] FTC: B1392 UF: citrus reticulata cv. owan UF: scomberesox spp. BT: SARDINE [B1558] UF: citrus unshiu UF: sardinella spp. SN: CFSAN thesaurus--a hort. SAURY FAMILY class of mandarin oranges FTC: B1888 sardinella anchovia from Japan (Hortus). No au- BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM USE: SPANISH SARDINE [B2003] thoritative source for Citrus [B1573] unshiu. UF: scomberesocidae sardinella aurita USE: SPANISH SARDINE [B2003] SATURATED (IMMERSED) PAPER saury, atlantic CONTAINER USE: ATLANTIC SAURY [B1889] sardinella fimbriata FTC: M0332 USE: FRINGESCALE SARDI- BT: PAPER CONTAINER, saury, pacific NELLA [B2648] TREATED [M0330] USE: PACIFIC SAURY [B1890] sardinella spp. SATURATED FAT FREE FOOD SAUSAGE CASING NOT KNOWN USE: SARDINELLA [B1392] FTC: P0179 FTC: Z0095 BT: SATURATED FAT-RELATED BT: TYPE OF SAUSAGE CAS- sardinops CLAIM OR USE [P0071] ING [Z0092] USE: SARDINE [B1558] SN: Food having less than 0.5 grams saturated fat per SAUSAGE OR LUNCHEON MEAT sardinops caerula amount customarily con- FTC: A0221 USE: CALIFORNIA PILCHARD sumed (or for meals and main BT: MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT [B2294] dishes, less than 0.5 grams (FROM MAMMAL) [A0150] saturated fat per labeled serv- UF: luncheon meat sardinops melanostictus ing). Trans fatty acids are not SN: This category includes a wide USE: JAPANESE PILCHARD more than 1% of total fat. variety of products made from [B1974] Such foods contain no ingre- comminuted or chopped meat dient that is understood to (skeletal and/or organ meat) sardinops ocellatus contain saturated fat except that is usually salted and/or LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 203

seasoned and often stuffed in FTC: G0042 UF: phaseolus multifloris an edible or inedible casing. BT: G. COOKING METHOD Includes products such as [G0002] scarlet snapper pork sausage, pickle or pi- UF: blanched or scalded USE: BLOOD SNAPPER [B2256] miento loaf, meat spread and SN: A method of precooking food pate, and products made by where a liquid is heated to schinus terebinthifolius binding meat chunks with just below the boiling point USE: BRAZILIAN PEPPER TREE gelatin or other binders, such (180 degrees F.). Often used [B2347] as sectioned and formed to retard the spoiling of milk. ham, beef rolls, and head- Also, to plunge food such as SCHOOL SHARK cheese. Excludes plain fruit or vegetables into boiling FTC: B2282 ground meat, meat loaf and water (or to pour boiling water BT: REQUIEM SHARK FAMILY products made by slicing in- over them) in order to loosen [B1916] tact muscle or other tissue, the skin and facilitate peeling. UF: notogaleus australis even if packaged and mar- UF: soupfin shark keted like luncheon meat. In- SCALED SARDINE dex all processes applied to FTC: B2173 sciaena aquila the product at hand; exam- BT: SARDINE [B1558] USE: MEAGRE [B2863] ples: *FULLY HEAT UF: harengula pensacolae TREATED*, *CURED FOR 2 sciaenidae MONTHS*, *SMOKED*, SCALLION USE: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] *FERMENTED*, FTC: B1478 *EMULSIFIED OR HO- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING sciaenops ocellatus MOGENIZED*. Also consider PLANT, MOST PARTS USE: RED DRUM [B2460] *PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID USED [B1058] FORMED PRODUCTS* and UF: green onion SCLEROCARYA *TYPEOF SAUSAGE CAS- UF: spring onion FTC: B2822 ING* in *Z. ADJUNCT BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CHARACTERISTICS OF SCALLOP CAL FRUIT [B1024] FOOD*. FTC: B1489 UF: cat thorn BT: BIVALVE [B2113] UF: cider tree SAUTEED UF: pecten aequiscleatus UF: maroola nut FTC: G0027 UF: pecten grandis UF: marula BT: COOKED IN SMALL UF: pecten laquaetus UF: morula AMOUNT OF FAT OR OIL UF: poupartia birrea [G0026] SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD UF: pourpartia caffra SN: Cooked in a very small FTC: B2592 UF: sclerocarya birrea amount of very hot fat, turning BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK UF: sclerocarya caffra and browning the food on all FAMILY [B2591] UF: spondias birrea sides. UF: hammerhead, scalloped sclerocarya birrea savory SCALLOPED SPINY LOBSTER USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] USE: SAVORY, WINTER [B1114] FTC: B2204 BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY sclerocarya caffra SAVORY, SUMMER [B2163] USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] FTC: B1123 UF: panulirus burgeri BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: panulirus homarus scomber PRODUCING PLANT USE: MACKEREL [B1043] [B1179] SCAMP UF: satureja hortensis FTC: B2887 scomber antarcticus UF: summer savory BT: SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] USE: SPOTTED CHUB MACK- EREL [B1926] SAVORY, WINTER scampi FTC: B1114 USE: NORWAY LOBSTER [B1956] scomber australasicus BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: SPOTTED CHUB MACK- PRODUCING PLANT SCANDINAVIA EREL [B1926] [B1179] FTC: QR05 UF: satureja montana BT: EUROPE [QR] scomber japonicus UF: savory UF: nordic countries USE: CHUB MACKEREL [B1570] UF: winter savory SN: Foods found in this section include those common to all scomber mediterraneus SAVOY CABBAGE Scandinavian countries. USE: ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] FTC: B2415 These countries include BT: CABBAGE [B1406] Denmark, Faroe Islands, scomber palamitus UF: brassica oleracea var. bullata Finland, Iceland, Norway and USE: ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] Sweden. See these individ- saxidomus giganteus ual country listings for addi- scomber rochei USE: BUTTER CLAM [B1065] tional food names. USE: BULLET TUNA [B1930] saxidomus purpuratus scaphirhynchus spp. scomber scombrus USE: BUTTER CLAM [B1065] USE: STURGEON [B1465] USE: ATLANTIC MACKEREL [B1790] SCAD SCARLET RUNNER BEAN FTC: B2424 FTC: B2009 scomber tapeinocephalus BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) USE: SPOTTED CHUB MACK- [B1567] EREL [B1926] SCALDED OR BLANCHED UF: phaseolus coccineus

204 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus scomberesocidae BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] UF: parastichopus californicus USE: SAURY FAMILY [B1888] UF: stenotomus chrysops UF: sea slug scomberesox saurus scuppernong grape sea eel USE: ATLANTIC SAURY [B1889] USE: GRAPE, MUSCADINE USE: CONGER EEL [B2299] [B2123] scomberesox spp. SEA KALE USE: SAURY [B2484] SCURVY-GRASS FTC: B2011 FTC: B2945 BT: STEM OR SPEAR VEGE- scomberomorus BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] TABLE [B1005] USE: MACKEREL [B1043] UF: crambe maritima scyllaridae scomberomorus commerson USE: SLIPPER LOBSTER FAMILY SEA LAMPREY USE: NARROW-BARRED MACK- [B1997] FTC: B2704 EREL [B2935] BT: LAMPREY [B2753] SEA BASS UF: petromyzon marinus scomberomorus commersoni FTC: B2180 USE: SPANISH MACKEREL BT: SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] SEA LETTUCE [B1571] UF: centropristis FTC: B2476 UF: paralabrax BT: ALGAE, GREEN [B2502] scomberomorus maculatus UF: ulva spp. USE: SPANISH MACKEREL SEA BASS FAMILY [B1571] FTC: B1524 sea salmon BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] USE: POLLOCK [B1440] scomberomorus sierra UF: epinephalinae USE: PACIFIC SIERRA [B1793] UF: serranidae SEA SCALLOP FTC: B1050 scombridae sea bass, argentine BT: SCALLOP [B1489] USE: MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] USE: ARGENTINE SEA BASS UF: placopecten magellanicus [B1762] SCOMBROTOXIC sea slug FTC: SCOM sea bass, black USE: SEA CUCUMBER [B2433] BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] USE: BLACK SEA BASS [B1438] SEA SNAIL scophthalmus maximus sea bass, giant FTC: B1955 USE: TURBOT [B1240] USE: GIANT SEA BASS [B1765] BT: SNAIL, WATER [B1135] UF: concholepas concholepas scophthalmus rhombus sea bass, japanese UF: liparis spp. USE: BRILL [B2708] USE: JAPAN SEA BASS [B1760] sea squab scorpaena cardinalis sea bass, peruvian USE: NORTHERN PUFFER USE: RED ROCKFISH [B2900] USE: PERUVIAN SEA BASS [B2239] [B1761] scorpaenichthys marmoratus sea trout USE: CABEZON [B1788] SEA BREAM USE: BROWN TROUT [B1479] FTC: B2388 scorpaenidae BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] SEA URCHIN USE: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: chrysophrys unicolor FTC: B2107 [B1084] BT: ECHINODERM [B2115] SEA BUCKTHORN UF: echinus esculentus SCORPIONFISH FAMILY FTC: B2748 UF: evechinus chloroticus FTC: B1084 BT: PIT FRUIT [B1539] UF: heliocidaris spp. BT: FISH, SCORPAENIFORM UF: hippophae rhamnoides UF: loxechimus spp. [B2265] UF: paracentrotus lividus UF: scorpaenidae SEA CATFISH UF: pseudocentrotus spp. FTC: B2374 UF: strongylocentrotus spp. BT: SEA CATFISH FAMILY FTC: GB02 [B1155] SEABOB BT: UNITED KINGDOM [GB] UF: arius caelatus FTC: B2320 UF: arius upsulonothorus BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY SCRAWLED SOLE UF: felichthys felis [B1081] FTC: B2287 UF: galeichthys felis UF: xiphopenaeus kroyeri BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] UF: tachysurus caelatus UF: trinectes inscriptus SEAFOOD ADDED SEA CATFISH FAMILY FTC: H0153 SCREW CAP OR LID FTC: B1155 BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] FTC: M0425 BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] SN: Used when seafood (meat) is BT: CLOSING CAP OR LID UF: ariidae added at any level. [M0423] sea clam SEAFOOD ENAMEL SCULPIN FAMILY USE: ATLANTIC SURFCLAM FTC: N0023 FTC: B1789 [B1959] BT: COATING ENAMEL [N0024] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] UF: cottidae SEA CUCUMBER SEAFOOD OR SEAFOOD PROD- FTC: B2433 UCT SCUP BT: ECHINODERM [B2115] FTC: A0267 FTC: B2399 UF: cucumaria spp. LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 205

BT: MEAT, POULTRY, SEA- SEAROBIN sebastes miniatus FOOD OR RELATED FTC: B2195 USE: VERMILION ROCKFISH PRODUCT [A0217] BT: SEAROBIN FAMILY [B2235] [B1766] SN: Flesh from fish or shellfish. UF: prionotus Includes seafood product sebastes mystinus analogs and seafood-based SEAROBIN FAMILY USE: BLUE ROCKFISH [B2667] sausage or luncheon meat as FTC: B2235 well as such products as BT: FISH, SCORPAENIFORM sebastes ovalis squid ink and clam juice. [B2265] USE: SPECKLED ROCKFISH UF: triglidae [B1775] SEAFOOD PRODUCT ANALOG FTC: A0156 SEASONING AGENT sebastes paucispinis BT: SEAFOOD OR SEAFOOD FTC: A0441 USE: BOCACCIO [B1682] PRODUCT [A0267] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: engineered seafood CODEX ALIMENTARIUS sebastes pinniger UF: imitation seafood product [A0351] USE: CANARY ROCKFISH SN: Food product having func- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [B1774] tional characteristics similar to per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome a seafood product; it may be 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 sebastes ruberrimus nutritionally equivalent or infe- USE: YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH rior to the product it purports seasoning or flavoring [B1773] to resemble. USE: FLAVORING OR SEASON- ING [A0133] sebastes rufus SEAFOOD-BASED SAUSAGE OR USE: BANK ROCKFISH [B1772] LUNCHEON MEAT SEATROUT FTC: A0296 FTC: B2657 sebastes saxicola BT: SEAFOOD OR SEAFOOD BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] USE: STRIPETAIL ROCKFISH PRODUCT [A0267] [B2668] SN: Food product consisting of seatrout (weakfish) comminuted seafood, usually USE: WEAKFISH [B1526] sebastes serranoides seasoned, pressed and/or USE: OLIVE ROCKFISH [B1771] encased. SEAWEED FTC: B2266 secale SEAHORSE BT: ALGAE [B1301] USE: RYE [B1313] FTC: B2572 BT: PIPEFISH FAMILY [B2573] SEAWEED EXTRACT ADDED secale cereale UF: hippocampus spp. FTC: H0383 USE: COMMON RYE [B2352] BT: STABILIZER ADDED SEAL [H0368] sechium edule FTC: B1341 SN: Used when seaweed extract USE: CHAYOTE [B1730] BT: MARINE MAMMAL [B1122] (e.g., carrageenan, agar, etc.) UF: otariidae is added to a food at any SEED ADDED UF: phocidae level. FTC: H0333 BT: NUT OR SEED ADDED SEAL/GASKET sebastes alutus [H0177] FTC: M0257 USE: PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH BT: SEALING/CLOSING ELE- [B1034] SEED GUM ADDED MENT [M0220] FTC: H0376 SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- sebastes diploproa BT: GUM ADDED [H0375] SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE: SPLITNOSE ROCKFISH SN: Used when a seed gum (e.g., USE descriptor in indexing. [B2669] carob bean gum, guar gum, Use a more precise narrower etc.) is added to a food at any term. sebastes entomelas level. USE: WIDOW ROCKFISH [B1776] SEALING AGENT SEED IN SHELL OR HULL FTC: A0440 sebastes fasciatus FTC: C0227 BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: LABRADOR REDFISH BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B1768] SN: Used for seeds in hard shells [A0351] rather than pods. Examples AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- sebastes flavidus include brazil nuts, walnuts, per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome USE: YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH almonds and peanuts. 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 [B1777] SEED OIL SEALING/CLOSING ELEMENT sebastes goodei FTC: C0307 FTC: M0220 USE: CHILIPEPPER (FISH) BT: FAT OR OIL [C0190] BT: M. CONTAINER OR [B1769] AI: The oil produced WRAPPING [M0100] by pressing or extracting lip- SN: This descriptor is for CLAS- sebastes levis ids from plant seeds (e.g. SIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE: COWCOD [B1767] grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, USE descriptor in indexing. linseed oil) /AM Use a more precise narrower sebastes marinus term. USE: REDFISH OR OCEAN SEED ON COB, WITH OR WITH- AI: Classification corresponding PERCH [B1153] OUT HUSK to FSTA Thesaurus Packag- FTC: C0242 ing 3.2.4 Sealing/closing sebastes melanops BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN means USE: BLACK ROCKFISH [B1770] PRESENT, GERM PRE- SENT [C0133]

206 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: ear (corn) FTC: C0136 BT: CHEESE HARDNESS BT: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] CLASS (CODEX) [A0315] SEED OR KERNEL SN: Cheese having between 54- FTC: C0155 SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDE- 63% moisture on a fat- free BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] TERMINED, GERM RE- basis (Codex Alimentarius UF: dehulled seed MOVED Standard A-6, Volume XV1, UF: kernel or seed FTC: C0114 ed. 1). UF: nut, shelled (part or portion) BT: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] UF: seed or kernel, skin undeter- UF: degerminated seed or kernel SEMILIQUID mined FTC: E0103 UF: seed without shell or hull seed or pod BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, UF: shelled seed USE: POD OR SEED [C0158] SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] SN: The main propagative part of UF: liquid, very thick a plant, especially the kernel SEED OR SEED PRODUCT SN: Used for liquid food products of a grain or nut. The bulk of FTC: A0305 that are very thick but still the seed is formed by the en- BT: NUT OR SEED PRODUCT pourable. dosperm, which encloses the [A0306] germ and is covered by skin SEMILIQUID WITH SMOOTH CON- (bran). The factor values un- SEED PART, OTHER SISTENCY der *SEED OR KERNEL* are FTC: C0178 FTC: E0135 arrayed so that the indexer BT: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] BT: SEMILIQUID [E0103] can check first whether the skin is present, removed or seed without shell or hull SEMILIQUID WITH SOLID PIECES undetermined and then check USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] FTC: E0110 the same information for the BT: SEMILIQUID [E0103] germ. seed, peel or core USE: PEEL, CORE OR SEED semiplastic (state) SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT [C0110] USE: SEMISOLID [E0144] FTC: C0135 BT: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] seer SEMISOFT CHEESE (CODEX) UF: bran and other parts of seed USE: SPANISH MACKEREL FTC: A0313 or kernel [B1571] BT: CHEESE HARDNESS CLASS (CODEX) [A0315] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRE- segmented SN: Cheese having between 61- SENT, GERM PRESENT USE: DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS 69% moisture on a fat- free FTC: C0133 OR WEDGES [E0107] basis (codex alimentarius BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN standard a-6, volume xvi, ed. PRESENT [C0135] selar crumenophthalmus 1). UF: bean (part of plant) USE: BIGEYE SCAD [B2660] UF: whole grain SEMISOFT CHEESE (U.S.) UF: whole kernel SELECT GRADE FTC: A0281 FTC: Z0011 BT: CHEESE HARDNESS SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRE- BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. CLASS (U.S.) [A0316] SENT, GERM REMOVED [Z0007] SN: Cured cheese, moisture max. FTC: C0119 UF: good grade 52%; includes principally by BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN bacteria or by bacteria and PRESENT [C0135] self-basting surface microorganisms. UF: endosperm with bran USE: FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] Note: the CFR term 'semisoft SN: A degerminated seed. cheeses' refers to semisoft self-pack cheese, full fat only. SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN RE- USE: NO PACKING MEDIUM MOVED USED [K0003] SEMISOLID FTC: C0134 FTC: E0144 BT: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] SEMELLE BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, FTC: Z0138 SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN RE- BT: CUISSE [Z0136] UF: plastic (state) MOVED, GERM PRESENT SN: Includes ronde de gite, gite UF: pseudoplastic (state) FTC: C0132 noix, etc. UF: semiplastic (state) BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UF: slush REMOVED [C0134] SEMIARID CLIMATIC ZONE UF: thixotropic (state) FTC: CLZ05 SN: Used for soft food products SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN RE- BT: DRY CLIMATIC ZONE that are formable or spread- MOVED, GERM REMOVED [CLZ04] able but not pourable. The (ENDOSPERM) product may be smooth or FTC: C0208 SEMIDOMESTIC OR SEMIWILD contain discrete particles. BT: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN FTC: Z0204 REMOVED [C0134] BT: AGRICULTURAL PRODUC- SEMISOLID WITH SMOOTH CON- UF: endosperm TION ENVIRONMENT SISTENCY SN: The bulk of a seed; germ and [Z0152] FTC: E0119 bran are removed. UF: semiwild or semidomestic BT: SEMISOLID [E0144] SN: Used for food, for example, UF: mashed seed or kernel, skin undetermined wild plants, that are tended USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] and protected. SEMISOLID WITH SOLID PIECES FTC: E0134 SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDE- SEMIHARD CHEESE (CODEX) BT: SEMISOLID [E0144] TERMINED, GERM PRE- FTC: A0312 SN: Used for semisolid products SENT that contain medium or small LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 207

particles. The particles may USE: CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL be natural or formed whole [B1779] shadbush shapes or may have been USE: JUNEBERRY [B1435] produced by dividing or disin- seriola dumerili tegrating solids. Also included USE: GREATER AMBERJACK shaddock are products consisting of [B2391] USE: PUMMELO [B2018] medium or small particles that are joined into a semisolid seriola lalandei SHALLOT mass by naturally present or USE: YELLOWTAIL [B1534] FTC: B1538 added oil, water, or other BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING binding agents. The same seriola spp. PLANT, MOST PARTS particles without the binding USE: AMBERJACK [B2642] USED [B1058] agents would be indexed by UF: allium cepa var. aggregatum the appropriate narrower term seriolella caerulee under *SOLID*. USE: WHITE WAREHOU [B2894] SHALLOW FRIED FTC: G0035 semiwild or semidomestic seriphus politus BT: COOKED WITH ADDED FAT USE: SEMIDOMESTIC OR SEMI- USE: QUEENFISH [B2280] OR OIL [G0025] WILD [Z0204] SN: A chinese cooking technique serranidae similar to sauteing in which SENEGAL USE: SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] thick slices or chunks of FTC: SN floured or battered ingredients BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] SERRANO PEPPER are slow seared over moder- FTC: B2563 ate to low heat. (Kuo, The key SENEGAL DATE PALM BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] to chinese cooking, Knopf, FTC: B2786 UF: pepper, serrano 1977, p.87) BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] SERVICE TREE SHARK UF: phoenix FTC: B2963 FTC: B1342 UF: phoenix reclinata BT: CORE OR POME FRUIT BT: FISH, SQUALIFORM [B1911] [B1599] senegal dattock shark, hammerhead USE: TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) serviceberry USE: HAMMERHEAD SHARK [B2772] USE: JUNEBERRY [B1435] [B2598]

SENNA SESAME shark, smalleye hammerhead FTC: B2056 FTC: B1226 USE: SMALLEYE HAMMERHEAD BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [B2596] PRODUCING PLANT [B1017] [B1179] UF: sesamum indicum sharon fruit UF: cassia spp. UF: sesamum orientale USE: KAKI [B2766] separable fat part SESAME sharp frozen USE: FAT, TRIM [C0253] FTC: B1226 USE: SLOW FROZEN [J0128] BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] separable lean meat and fat part UF: sesamum indicum SHARPTAIL MOLA USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, UF: sesamum orientale FTC: B2584 WITHOUT BONE AND SKIN, BT: MOLA FAMILY [B2586] WITH SEPARABLE FAT sesamum indicum UF: mola lanceolata [C0269] USE: SESAME [B1226] sheabutter separable lean meat part sesamum orientale USE: SHEANUT [B1667] USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, USE: SESAME [B1226] WITHOUT BONE AND SKIN, SHEANUT WITHOUT SEPARABLE FAT SESBANIA FTC: B1667 [C0270] FTC: B1736 BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING [B1017] SEQUESTRANT PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND UF: butyrospermum parkii FTC: A0347 PARTS USED [B1057] UF: sheabutter BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- UF: agati grandiflora CATION, EUROPEAN UF: sesbania grandiflora SHEATFISH COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: B2431 AI: Substance that forms chemi- sesbania grandiflora BT: SHEATFISH FAMILY [B2547] cal complexes with metallic USE: SESBANIA [B1736] ions. European Council Direc- SHEATFISH FAMILY tive 95/2/EC. seville orange FTC: B2547 USE: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] SEQUESTRANT UF: siluridae FTC: A0442 SEYCHELLES BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: SC shee fish CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS USE: INCONNU [B2302] [A0351] [QS] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- SHEEP per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome SHAD FTC: B1183 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 FTC: B1348 BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] [B1134] seriola dorsalis UF: alosa spp. UF: mutton (meat)

208 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: ovis spp. FTC: H0661 SHORTFIN CORVINA BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B2153 sheep and cattle EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: CORVINA [B2664] USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: cynoscion parvipinnis [B2244] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 904 added SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK sheep and cattle and goat UF: INS 904 added FTC: B2471 USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP AND BT: MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY GOAT [B2247] shelled seed [B1915] USE: SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] UF: isurus oxyrinchus sheep and cattle and swine USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHELLFISH SHORT-FINNED EEL SHEEP [B2243] FTC: B1433 FTC: B2673 BT: SHELLFISH OR CRUSTA- BT: FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY sheep and cow CEAN [B1059] [B2545] USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP UF: anguilla australis [B2244] SHELLFISH OR CRUSTACEAN FTC: B1059 SHORTNOSE CHIMAERA FAMILY SHEEP AND GOAT BT: FISH OR LOWER WATER FTC: B2882 FTC: B2101 ANIMAL [B1021] BT: FISH, CHIMAERIFORM BT: SHEEP [B1183] [B2267] UF: goat and sheep shellie bean UF: chimaeridae USE: GREEN BEAN AND PINTO SHEEP AND GOAT BEAN [B1753] SHORTNOSE CISCO FTC: B2101 FTC: B2693 BT: GOAT [B1328] SHERBET BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO UF: goat and sheep FTC: A0245 [B1565] BT: FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT UF: coregonus reighardi sheep and goat and cow [A0114] USE: CATTLE AND SHEEP AND SN: Frozen dairy dessert prepared SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) GOAT [B2247] by freezing, while stirring, a FTC: Z0043 pasteurized mixture of one or BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] SHEEP AND GOAT FEED more optional dairy ingredi- UF: boston butt FTC: P0014 ents, caseinates and other UF: clear plate BT: ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] non-dairy ingredients, exclud- UF: picnic shoulder ing other food fats; the milkfat SHEEPSHEAD content is not less than 1% shredded FTC: B1422 nor more than 2%. USE: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, BT: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] THICKNESS <0.3 CM. UF: archosargus probatocephalus SHIITAKE MUSHROOM [E0100] FTC: B1635 SHELF-DRIED UNDER NORMAL BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] SHRIMP PRESSURE UF: black mushroom FTC: B1237 FTC: J0134 UF: forest mushroom BT: DECAPOD [B1998] BT: DRIED UNDER NORMAL UF: japanese mushroom UF: penaeus spp. PRESSURE [J0143] UF: lentinus edodes UF: prawn SN: Used when water is removed from products placed in trays SHINER shrimp, pink on shelves under atmospheric FTC: B1908 USE: PINK SHRIMP [B2580] pressure. Example: vegeta- BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY bles, fruits. [B1921] shrimp, sand UF: notropis spp. USE: SAND SHRIMP [B2575] shell (animal) USE: BONE OR SHELL [C0168] shoestring shungiku USE: SLICED, THIN, BELOW 0.5 USE: GARLAND CHRYSANTHE- shell (egg) CM. [E0145] MUM [B1740] USE: EGG SHELL [C0278] shoot sicyonia brevirostris SHELL (SEED) USE: SPEAR OR SHOOT [C0186] USE: BROWN ROCK SHRIMP FTC: C0249 [B1098] BT: POD OR SEED [C0158] SHORE, MARSH AND TALON CRAB SN: Used for the shell of a seed; FAMILY SICYONID SHRIMP FAMILY usually hard and/or dry. A FTC: B2220 FTC: B1086 *HUSK*, if any, is outside a BT: CRAB [B1335] BT: SHRIMP [B1237] shell; the *SKIN, BRAN UF: grapsidae UF: sicyoniidae (PERICARP)* covers the seed found inside the shell. shorea robusta sicyoniidae USE: SAL TREE [B2363] USE: SICYONID SHRIMP FAMILY SHELLAC [B1086] FTC: B3236 SHORT LOIN BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: Z0026 SIDE (MEAT CUT) PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] FTC: Z0046 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] UF: E 904 SHORT PLATE UF: spareribs UF: INS 904 FTC: Z0028 BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] SIDESTRIPED SHRIMP SHELLAC ADDED FTC: B2888 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 209

BT: PANDALID SHRIMP FAMILY USE: SWISS CHARD [B1175] SN: Cooked in a moderate [B1119] amount of liquid at just below UF: pandalopsis dispar SILVER CARP the boiling point. FTC: B2254 SIERRA LEONE BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY simmondsia chinensis FTC: SL [B1921] USE: JOJOBA [B1704] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] UF: amur carp UF: carp, silver simulated poultry meat sierra leone tree UF: hypophthalmichthys molitrix USE: POULTRY PRODUCT ANA- USE: VELVET TAMARIND [B2773] LOG [A0157] SILVER CATFISH sierra, pacific FTC: B2316 SINGAPORE USE: PACIFIC SIERRA [B1793] BT: FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] FTC: SG BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] SIEVA BEAN SILVER DORY FTC: B1372 FTC: B2862 SIRLOIN BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) BT: DORY FAMILY [B1891] FTC: Z0027 [B1567] UF: cyttus novaezealandiae BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] UF: phaseolus lunatus SILVER GEMFISH sisymbrium altissimum sifted (bolted) FTC: B2676 USE: TUMBLE MUSTARD [B1737] USE: MEDIUM GROUND AND BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY SIFTED (BOLTED) [E0101] [B1820] SKATE UF: rexea solandri FTC: B1340 SIKA DEER BT: SKATE FAMILY [B1976] FTC: B1621 SILVER HAKE UF: raja spp. BT: DEER [B1583] FTC: B2645 UF: ray UF: cervus nippon BT: WEAKFISH [B1526] SKATE FAMILY SILICIUM DIOXIDE SILVER MOONFISH FTC: B1976 FTC: B3237 FTC: B1995 BT: FISH, RAJIFORM [B1968] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: MOONFISH FAMILY [B1996] UF: rajidae PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: monodactylus argenteus ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] skeletal meat added UF: E 551 silver salmon USE: MEAT ADDED [H0191] UF: INS 551 USE: COHO SALMON [B1117] SKELETAL MEAT PART SILICIUM DIOXIDE ADDED SILVER SCABBARDFISH FTC: C0175 FTC: H0662 FTC: B2902 BT: MEAT PART [C0103] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY SN: Carcass meat from any type EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1820] of animal including poultry NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: lepidopus caudatus and seafood. Includes retail TARIUS [H0399] and wholesale cuts other than UF: E 551 added silver smelts organ meat. Refers to the UF: INS 551 added USE: ARGENTINE [B1430] whole carcass or parts. siligna patula silver trumpeter SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH USE: AMERICAN RAZOR CLAM USE: ELEPHANT FISH [B2269] BONE OR SHELL [B2326] FTC: C0243 SILVER WAREHOU BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART SILK SNAPPER FTC: B2678 [C0175] FTC: B1800 BT: RUFF FAMILY [B2679] UF: skeletal meat part, with bone, BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] skin undetermined UF: lutjanus vivanus SILVERFISH UF: snapper, silk FTC: B2488 skeletal meat part, with bone, skin BT: FISH, BONY [B1365] undetermined siluridae UF: polysteganus argyrosomus USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, USE: SHEATFISH FAMILY [B2547] WITH BONE OR SHELL SILVERSIDE FAMILY [C0243] SILVER FTC: B1884 FTC: B3238 BT: FISH, ATHERINIFORM SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B1573] BONE, WITH SKIN PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: atherinidae FTC: C0265 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, UF: E 174 silverside, south american WITH BONE OR SHELL UF: INS 174 USE: SOUTH AMERICAN SIL- [C0243] VERSIDE [B1885] SILVER ADDED SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH FTC: H0663 SIMMERED, POACHED OR BONE, WITHOUT SKIN BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, STEWED FTC: C0266 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: G0020 BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: COOKED IN WATER OR WITH BONE OR SHELL TARIUS [H0399] WATER-BASED LIQUID [C0243] UF: E 174 added [G0013] UF: INS 174 added UF: poached SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH UF: stewed BONE, WITHOUT SKIN, silver beet WITH SEPARABLE FAT

210 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: C0285 BT: SEED PART, OTHER BT: FISH, BERYCIFORM [B1983] BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, [C0178] UF: trachichthyidae WITH BONE, WITHOUT UF: bran (pericarp) SKIN [C0266] SN: A thin membrane covering SLIPPER LOBSTER the seed of a plant. Compare FTC: B2491 SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH *SHELL (SEED)*. BT: SLIPPER LOBSTER FAMILY BONE, WITHOUT SKIN, [B1997] WITHOUT SEPARABLE FAT SKIN, ANIMAL UF: bay lobster FTC: C0286 FTC: C0193 UF: sand lobster BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, BT: NONMEAT PART OF ANI- WITH BONE, WITHOUT MAL [C0122] SLIPPER LOBSTER FAMILY SKIN [C0266] UF: animal skin FTC: B1997 BT: LOBSTER [B1505] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT SKIPJACK TUNA UF: scyllaridae BONE AND SKIN, WITH FTC: B1376 SEPARABLE FAT BT: TUNA [B1269] SLIPPERY JACK MUSHROOM FTC: C0269 UF: euthynnus pelamis FTC: B2260 BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, UF: katsuwonus pelamis BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] WITHOUT BONE, WITHOUT UF: thynnus pelamis UF: ringed boletus SKIN [C0268] UF: suillus luteus UF: separable lean meat and fat skipper (atlantic saury) part USE: ATLANTIC SAURY [B1889] SLOVENIA UF: total edible meat part FTC: SI SN: Used for meat products only skipper (pacific saury) BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] when it is known that such USE: PACIFIC SAURY [B1890] are designated as 'total edi- SLOW FROZEN ble' or 'separable lean and skunk cabbage FTC: J0128 fat'. USE: SWAMP CABBAGE [B1733] BT: PRESERVED BY FREEZING [J0136] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT sleigh bell pepper UF: quiescent frozen BONE AND SKIN, WITHOUT USE: CASCABEL PEPPER UF: sharp frozen SEPARABLE FAT [B2552] UF: slush frozen FTC: C0270 BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, SLENDER SOLE slush WITHOUT BONE, WITHOUT FTC: B1865 USE: SEMISOLID [E0144] SKIN [C0268] BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER UF: separable lean meat part FAMILY [B1856] slush frozen SN: Used for meat products only UF: sole, slender USE: SLOW FROZEN [J0128] when it is known that such are designated as 'separable SLENDER TUNA SMALL CRANBERRY lean'. FTC: B2891 FTC: B2969 BT: TUNA [B1269] BT: CRANBERRY [B1508] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT UF: allothunnus fallai BONE OR SHELL SMALL SCALED BROWN SLICK- FTC: C0125 SLICED HEAD BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART FTC: E0137 FTC: B2908 [C0175] BT: DIVIDED INTO PIECES, BT: SLICKHEAD FAMILY UF: boneless meat THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. [B2909] UF: skeletal meat part, without [E0115] UF: alepocephalus australis bone, skin undetermined SN: Used for solid products that SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog are divided into uniformly thin of the Genera of recent skeletal meat part, without bone, skin pieces (e.g., sliced bread). Fishes, California Academy of undetermined Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scien- USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, SLICED, THICK, BETWEEN 0.5 AND tific name verifiable, common WITHOUT BONE OR SHELL 1.5 CM. name unverified. [C0125] FTC: E0124 BT: SLICED [E0137] small white bean SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT USE: COMMON BEAN [B1999] BONE, WITH SKIN SLICED, THIN, BELOW 0.5 CM. FTC: C0267 FTC: E0145 SMALLEYE FLOUNDER BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, BT: SLICED [E0137] FTC: B2393 WITHOUT BONE OR SHELL UF: french cut BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- [C0125] UF: shoestring ILY [B1879] UF: paralichthys microps SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT SLICKHEAD FAMILY BONE, WITHOUT SKIN FTC: B2909 SMALLEYE HAMMERHEAD FTC: C0268 BT: FISH, SALMONIFORM FTC: B2596 BT: SKELETAL MEAT PART, [B1592] BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK WITHOUT BONE OR SHELL UF: alepocephalidae family FAMILY [B2591] [C0125] UF: shark, smalleye hammerhead SLIME FLOUNDER UF: sphyrna tudes SKILFISH FTC: B1975 FTC: B1807 BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER SMALLMOUTH BASS BT: SABLEFISH FAMILY [B2006] FAMILY [B1856] FTC: B2427 BT: BASS [B2665] SKIN OR BRAN (PERICARP) SLIMEHEAD FAMILY UF: micropterus dolomieui FTC: C0111 FTC: B1942 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 211

SMELT FTC: B1310 SNACK FOOD snapper, colorado BT: SMELT FAMILY [B1904] FTC: A0228 USE: COLORADO SNAPPER UF: osmerus thaleichthys BT: PRODUCT TYPE, USA [B1804] [A0289] SMELT FAMILY SN: Unsweetened food product snapper, humpback FTC: B1904 marketed for consumption be- USE: HUMPBACK SNAPPER BT: FISH, SALMONIFORM tween meals; excludes nuts, [B1806] [B1592] edible seeds, and sweetened UF: osmeridae products such as cakes, pud- snapper, malabar red dings and candies. USE: MALABAR SNAPPER smelt, rainbow [B1805] USE: RAINBOW SMELT [B1905] SNAIL FTC: B2114 snapper, mutton smilax aristolochiifolia BT: NEOGASTROPOD [B1010] USE: MUTTON SNAPPER [B1802] USE: SARSAPARILLA [B2065] SNAIL, LAND snapper, red SMOKED BY ADDING SMOKE FTC: B1455 USE: RED SNAPPER [B1089] CONCENTRATE BT: SNAIL [B2114] FTC: H0110 snapper, silk BT: SMOKED OR SMOKE- SNAIL, WATER USE: SILK SNAPPER [B1800] FLAVORED [H0172] FTC: B1135 BT: SNAIL [B2114] snapper, spotted rose SMOKED BY SMOKE INFILTRA- USE: SPOTTED ROSE SNAPPER TION SNAILFISH FAMILY [B1803] FTC: H0118 FTC: B1822 BT: SMOKED OR SMOKE- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] SNIPE FLAVORED [H0172] UF: cyclopteridae FTC: B2696 BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD SMOKED OR SMOKE-FLAVORED SNAKE [B1563] FTC: H0172 FTC: B1295 UF: gallinago spp. BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE BT: REPTILE [B1625] INGREDIENT ADDED UF: ophidia SNOOK FAMILY [H0117] FTC: B1824 SN: Used for food products that SNAKE MACKEREL BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] are flavored by smoke infiltra- FTC: B2185 UF: centropomidae tion or by adding smoke con- BT: SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY centrate. [B1820] snout meat UF: thyrsites atun USE: JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] SMOOTH DOGFISH FTC: B2312 SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY SNOW CRAB BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY FTC: B1820 FTC: B1497 [B1912] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY UF: gummy shark UF: cutlassfish family [B2222] UF: mustelus canis UF: gempylidae UF: chionoecetes oplio UF: mustelus mustelis UF: smooth hound SNAKEHEAD SNOW MUSHROOM FTC: B2308 FTC: B2025 SMOOTH HAMMERHEAD BT: SNAKEHEAD FAMILY BT: MOREL [B2032] FTC: B2595 [B2309] UF: gyromitra gigas BT: HAMMERHEAD SHARK UF: ophicephalus obscurus FAMILY [B2591] SNOW PEA UF: hammerhead, smooth SNAKEHEAD FAMILY FTC: B2466 UF: sphyrna zygaena FTC: B2309 BT: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] VARS [B1031] smooth hound UF: channidae UF: peapod USE: SMOOTH DOGFISH [B2312] snap bean soaked smooth lepiota USE: GREEN BEAN [B1371] USE: REHYDRATED [H0259] USE: WHITE LEPIOTA [B2117] SNAPPER SOAPBERRY SMOOTH OREO DORY FTC: B1510 FTC: B2836 FTC: B2579 BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: OREO FAMILY [B2576] UF: lutjanus spp. CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: oreo dory, smooth UF: aphania senegalensis SNAPPER FAMILY UF: sapindus senegalensis SMOOTH RATTAIL FTC: B1798 FTC: B2906 BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] soapberry (balanites aegyptiaca) BT: GRENADIER FAMILY UF: lutjanidae USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] [B2899] UF: coelorinchus aspercephalus snapper, amarillo SOCKEYE SALMON SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog USE: AMARILLO SNAPPER FTC: B1128 of the Genera of recent [B1801] BT: SALMON [B2250] Fishes, California Academy of UF: blueback salmon Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scien- snapper, blackfin UF: oncorhynchus nerka tific name verifiable, common USE: BLACKFIN SNAPPER UF: red salmon name unverified. [B1799] UF: redfish, little

212 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: salmon, sockeye FTC: B3243 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM ACETATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3239 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 500 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 554 UF: INS 500 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 554 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM CARBONATE ADDED UF: E 262 SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE FTC: H0672 UF: INS 262 ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0668 EUROPEAN COMMU- SODIUM ACETATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0664 EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 500 added EUROPEAN COMMU- TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 500 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 554 added TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 554 added SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CEL- UF: E 262 added LULOSE UF: INS 262 added SODIUM ASCORBATE FTC: B3248 FTC: B3244 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SODIUM ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0144 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 466 UF: E 301 UF: INS 466 SODIUM ADIPATE UF: INS 301 FTC: B3240 SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CEL- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SODIUM ASCORBATE ADDED LULOSE ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0669 FTC: H0673 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 356 EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 356 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM ADIPATE ADDED UF: E 301 added UF: E 466 added FTC: H0665 UF: INS 301 added UF: INS 466 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- SODIUM BENZOATE SODIUM CHLORIDE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3245 FTC: B1655 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD UF: E 356 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SOURCE [B2973] UF: INS 356 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 211 sodium chloride added SODIUM ALGINATE UF: INS 211 USE: SALTED [H0173] FTC: B3241 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SODIUM BENZOATE ADDED SODIUM CHLORIDE MIXT. WITH PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0670 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1656 UF: E 401 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD UF: INS 401 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SOURCE [B2973] TARIUS [H0399] UF: potassium chloride mixt. with SODIUM ALGINATE ADDED UF: E 211 added sodium chloride FTC: H0666 UF: INS 211 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SODIUM CYCLAMATE EUROPEAN COMMU- SODIUM BICARBONATE FTC: B3249 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1654 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TARIUS [H0399] BT: OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 401 added SOURCE [B2973] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 401 added UF: E 952 SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOS- UF: INS 952 SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, PHATE ACIDIC FTC: B3246 SODIUM CYCLAMATE ADDED FTC: B3242 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0674 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] EUROPEAN COMMU- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 452 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 541 UF: INS 452 TARIUS [H0399] UF: INS 541 UF: E 952 added SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOS- UF: INS 952 added SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, PHATE ADDED ACIDIC ADDED FTC: H0671 SODIUM ERYTHORBATE FTC: H0667 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3250 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 452 added UF: E 316 UF: E 541 added UF: INS 452 added UF: INS 316 UF: INS 541 added SODIUM CARBONATE SODIUM ERYTHORBATE ADDED SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE FTC: B3247 FTC: H0675 LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 213

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 576 added UF: INS 350 added EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- sodium glutamate SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE TARIUS [H0399] USE: MONOSODIUM GLUTA- FTC: B3258 UF: E 316 added MATE [B1652] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 316 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM GLYCINATE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM ETHYL P- FTC: B3254 UF: E 514 HYDROXYBENZOATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 514 FTC: B3251 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 640 ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 640 FTC: H0683 UF: E 215 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 215 SODIUM GLYCINATE ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0679 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SODIUM ETHYL P- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] HYDROXYBENZOATE EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 514 added ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 514 added FTC: H0676 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 640 added SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 640 added FTC: B3259 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM HYDROGEN ACETATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 215 added (SODIUM DIACETATE) ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 215 added FTC: B3255 UF: E 222 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 222 SODIUM FERROCYANIDE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B3252 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 262 ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 262 FTC: H0684 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 535 SODIUM HYDROGEN ACETATE EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 535 (SODIUM DIACETATE) NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ADDED TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM FERROCYANIDE ADDED FTC: H0680 UF: E 222 added FTC: H0677 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 222 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SODIUM HYDROXIDE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3260 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 262 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 535 added UF: INS 262 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 535 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE UF: E 524 SODIUM FREE FOOD FTC: B3256 UF: INS 524 FTC: P0152 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: SALT OR SODIUM FREE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED FOOD [P0035] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: H0685 SN: Food having less than 5 mili- UF: E 500 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, grams sodium per amount UF: INS 500 EUROPEAN COMMU- customarily consumed (or for NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- meals and main dishes, less SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE TARIUS [H0399] than 5 milligrams sodium per ADDED UF: E 524 added labeled serving). Such food FTC: H0681 UF: INS 524 added must contain no ingredient BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, that is sodium chloride or EUROPEAN COMMU- SODIUM LACTATE generally understood to con- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3261 tain sodium except where the TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ingredient listed is footnoted UF: E 500 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX '*adds a trivial amount of so- UF: INS 500 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] dium'. UF: E 325 SODIUM HYDROGEN MALATE UF: INS 325 SODIUM GLUCONATE FTC: B3257 FTC: B3253 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SODIUM LACTATE ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0686 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 350 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 576 UF: INS 350 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 576 TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM HYDROGEN MALATE UF: E 325 added SODIUM GLUCONATE ADDED ADDED UF: INS 325 added FTC: H0678 FTC: H0682 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SODIUM MALATE EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: B3262 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 576 added UF: E 350 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972]

214 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: E 350 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SODIUM PROPIONATE ADDED UF: INS 350 EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0695 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SODIUM MALATE ADDED TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0687 UF: E 250 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 250 added TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 281 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- sodium or salt free food UF: INS 281 added TARIUS [H0399] USE: SALT OR SODIUM FREE UF: E 350 added FOOD [P0035] SODIUM PROPYL P- UF: INS 350 added HYDROXYBENZOATE sodium or salt special diet FTC: B3271 SODIUM METABISULPHITE USE: SALT OR SODIUM SPECIAL BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B3263 CLAIM OR USE [P0047] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM ORTOPHENYL PHENOL UF: E 217 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3267 UF: INS 217 UF: E 223 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 223 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM PROPYL P- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM METABISULPHITE ADDED UF: E 232 ADDED FTC: H0688 UF: INS 232 FTC: H0696 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- SODIUM ORTOPHENYL PHENOL EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0692 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 223 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 217 added UF: INS 223 added EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 217 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SODIUM METHYL P- TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM REMOVED HYDROXYBENZOATE UF: E 232 added FTC: H0236 FTC: B3264 UF: INS 232 added BT: DEMINERALIZED [H0137] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SN: Used when naturally present PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE sodium has been fully or par- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3268 tially removed. Index also by UF: E 219 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- the appropriate term under UF: INS 219 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX *SALT OR SODIUM SPE- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] CIAL CLAIM OR USE*. SODIUM METHYL P- UF: E 452 HYDROXYBENZOATE UF: INS 452 SODIUM SACCHARIN ADDED FTC: B3272 FTC: H0689 SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: H0693 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 954 TARIUS [H0399] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 954 UF: E 219 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 219 added TARIUS [H0399] SODIUM SACCHARIN ADDED UF: E 452 added FTC: H0697 SODIUM NITRATE UF: INS 452 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B3265 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B3269 TARIUS [H0399] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 954 added UF: E 251 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 954 added UF: INS 251 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 337 SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE SODIUM NITRATE ADDED UF: INS 337 FTC: B3273 FTC: H0690 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0694 UF: E 500 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 500 UF: E 251 added EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 251 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE TARIUS [H0399] ADDED SODIUM NITRITE UF: E 337 added FTC: H0698 FTC: B3266 UF: INS 337 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- EUROPEAN COMMU- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SODIUM PROPIONATE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B3270 TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 250 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 500 added UF: INS 250 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 500 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SODIUM NITRITE ADDED UF: E 281 SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE FTC: H0691 UF: INS 281 FTC: B3274

LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 215

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: TESTIS, MILT OR SOFT PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ROE [C0234] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 481 UF: E 470a SOFT WHEAT UF: INS 481 UF: INS 470a FTC: B1421 BT: WHEAT [B1312] SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CAL- ADDED CIUM SALTS OF FATTY AC- soft-ripened cheese (U.S.) FTC: H0699 IDS ADDED USE: SOFT CHEESE (U.S.) BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: H0703 [A0138] EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- EUROPEAN COMMU- SOFTSHELL CLAM TARIUS [H0399] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B2356 UF: E 481 added TARIUS [H0399] BT: CLAM [B1331] UF: INS 481 added UF: E 470a added UF: mya arenaria UF: INS 470a added SODIUM SULPHATE soko FTC: B3275 SOFT CANDY USE: FEATHER COCKSCOMB BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: A0293 [B2158] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CANDY [A0204] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Candy prepared by cooking a solanum dulcamara UF: E 514 mixture of water, sugars and USE: BITTERSWEET, EURO- UF: INS 514 optional ingredients to a tem- PEAN [B1076] perature of 250 degrees F. or SODIUM SULPHATE ADDED less. solanum lycopersicum FTC: H0700 USE: TOMATO [B1276] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, soft cheese EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: UNCURED CHEESE [A0185] solanum melongena NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: EGGPLANT [B1458] TARIUS [H0399] SOFT CHEESE (CODEX) UF: E 514 added FTC: A0314 solanum quitoense UF: INS 514 added BT: CHEESE HARDNESS USE: NARANJILLA [B2062] CLASS (CODEX) [A0315] SODIUM SULPHITE SN: Cheese having greater than solanum tuberosum FTC: B3276 67% moisture on a fat-free USE: POTATO [B1218] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- basis (Codex Alimentarius PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX Standard A-6, Volume XVI, SOLE FAMILY ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ed. 1). FTC: B1025 UF: E 221 BT: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM UF: INS 221 SOFT CHEESE (U.S.) [B1023] FTC: A0138 UF: soleidae SODIUM SULPHITE ADDED BT: CHEESE HARDNESS FTC: H0701 CLASS (U.S.) [A0316] sole, butter BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: soft-ripened cheese (U.S.) USE: BUTTER SOLE [B1869] EUROPEAN COMMU- SN: Cured cheese that cures from NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- the surface toward the center. sole, dover TARIUS [H0399] For standardized soft-ripened USE: DOVER SOLE [B1511] UF: E 221 added cheeses, milk fat min. 50% of UF: INS 221 added solids. sole, english USE: ENGLISH SOLE [B1131] SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) SOFT DRINK FTC: B3277 FTC: A0241 sole, european BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: NONALCOHOLIC BEVER- USE: EUROPEAN DOVER SOLE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX AGE [A0112] [B1878] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SN: Nonalcoholic beverage made UF: E 285 from potable water by adding sole, fantail UF: INS 285 one or more of the following: USE: FANTAIL SOLE [B1880] carbon dioxide, flavoring in- SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) gredients or sweeteners. sole, flathead ADDED Naturally or artificially carbon- USE: FLATHEAD SOLE [B1871] FTC: H0702 ated mineral waters are also BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, considered soft drinks. Ex- sole, gray EUROPEAN COMMU- cludes products containing USE: GRAY SOLE [B1867] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- 15% or more fruit juice, which TARIUS [H0399] are indexed by the appropri- sole, petrale UF: E 285 added ate narrower term under USE: PETRALE SOLE [B1863] UF: INS 285 added *FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED PRODUCT*. Includes bever- sole, rock SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE age bases to make soft USE: ROCK SOLE [B1868] FTC: NATP drinks. Carbonated fruit juices BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] are indexed by *FRUIT sole, sand JUICE* or *FRUIT JUICE, USE: SAND SOLE [B1870] SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CAL- DILUTED* and CIUM SALTS OF FATTY AC- *CARBONATED* or the ap- sole, slender IDS propriate narrower term. USE: SLENDER SOLE [B1865] FTC: B3278 soft roe SOLE, SPECIES NOT KNOWN

216 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: B1032 FTC: H0704 UF: INS 491 added BT: FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1023] EUROPEAN COMMU- SORBITAN TRISTEARATE NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B3284 sole, yellowfin TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: YELLOWFIN SOLE [B2581] UF: E 200 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 200 added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] solea vulgaris UF: E 492 USE: EUROPEAN DOVER SOLE SORBITAN MONOLAURATE UF: INS 492 [B1878] FTC: B3280 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SORBITAN TRISTEARATE ADDED soleidae PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0709 USE: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 493 EUROPEAN COMMU- solen marginatus UF: INS 493 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: MARGIN JACKKNIFE TARIUS [H0399] [B2716] SORBITAN MONOLAURATE UF: E 492 added ADDED UF: INS 492 added SOLID FTC: H0705 FTC: E0151 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SORBITOL BT: E. PHYSICAL STATE, EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: C0281 SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: DEXTROSE [C0222] SN: A solid product is a hard or TARIUS [H0399] soft product capable of retain- UF: E 493 added SORBITOL ing its own shape at room UF: INS 493 added FTC: B3285 temperature (20 degrees C.). BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- A soft product that is spread- SORBITAN MONOOLEATE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX able or formable is consid- FTC: B3281 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ered semisolid. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: E 420 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: INS 420 SOLID CONTAINING MEDIUM OR ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] LARGE CHUNKS (8 MM.) UF: E 494 SORBITOL ADDED FTC: Z0100 UF: INS 494 FTC: H0303 BT: PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID BT: SUGAR ALCOHOL ADDED FORMED PRODUCTS SORBITAN MONOOLEATE ADDED [H0302] [Z0097] FTC: H0706 SN: Used when sorbitol is added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, at any level. SOLID CONTAINING MEDIUM OR EUROPEAN COMMU- SMALL PARTICLES (8-4 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SORBITOL ADDED MM.) TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0710 FTC: Z0103 UF: E 494 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID UF: INS 494 added EUROPEAN COMMU- FORMED PRODUCTS NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [Z0097] SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3282 UF: E 420 added SOLID CONTAINING SMALL PAR- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: INS 420 added TICLES (4-1 MM.) PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: Z0099 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SORBITOL SYRUP BT: PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID UF: E 495 FTC: B3286 FORMED PRODUCTS UF: INS 495 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [Z0097] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SOLID CONTAINING VERY SMALL ADDED UF: E 420 PARTICLES (>1 MM.) FTC: H0707 UF: INS 420 FTC: Z0098 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID EUROPEAN COMMU- SORBITOL SYRUP ADDED FORMED PRODUCTS NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: H0711 [Z0097] TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 495 added EUROPEAN COMMU- SOLOMON ISLANDS UF: INS 495 added NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: SB TARIUS [H0399] BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE UF: E 420 added [QU] FTC: B3283 UF: INS 420 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SOMALIA PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SORGHUM FTC: SO ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1448 BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] UF: E 491 BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING UF: INS 491 PLANT [B1012] SORBIC ACID UF: gooseneck sorgho FTC: B3279 SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE UF: kaffir BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ADDED UF: kafir PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0708 UF: milo ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: sorghum bicolor UF: E 200 EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 200 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SORGHUM TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B1448 SORBIC ACID ADDED UF: E 491 added BT: GRAIN [B1324] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 217

UF: gooseneck sorgho USE: SORREL [B1641] FTC: US45 UF: kaffir BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES UF: kafir SOUR ORANGE [US63] UF: milo FTC: B1193 UF: sorghum bicolor BT: ORANGE [B1339] SOUTH DAKOTA UF: bigarade FTC: US46 sorghum bicolor UF: bitter orange BT: MIDWESTERN STATES USE: SORGHUM [B1448] UF: citrus aurantium [US61] UF: citrus aurantium var. auran- SORGHUM SYRUP ADDED tium south korea FTC: H0284 UF: citrus vulgaris USE: KOREA, REPUBLIC OF [KR] BT: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR UF: seville orange SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED southeast asia [H0280] source of, label claim USE: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] USE: "SOURCE OF" LABEL SORINDEIA CLAIM [P0134] SOUTHEASTERN STATES FTC: B2815 FTC: US63 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SOURPLUM BT: UNITED STATES [US] CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B2832 UF: sorindeia katangensis BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- southern africa CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: AFRICA, SOUTHERN sorindeia katangensis UF: ximenia caffra [QM04] USE: SORINDEIA [B2815] SOURSOP southern asia SORREL FTC: B1480 USE: ASIA, SOUTHERN [QN04] FTC: B1641 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] CAL FRUIT [B1024] SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING UF: dock (plant) UF: annona FTC: B1836 UF: rumex UF: annona muricata BT: WHITING [B1640] UF: sour grass UF: guamabana UF: micromesistius australis UF: prickly custard apple UF: whiting, southern blue SOUP FTC: A0198 sous vide SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- USE: PRESERVED BY SOUS FTC: B1003 UCT [A0172] VIDE [J0150] BT: TUNA [B1269] SN: A liquid food made by sim- UF: thunnus maccoyii mering meat, poultry, seafood SOUTH AFRICA or vegetables, being clear or FTC: ZA SOUTHERN FLOUNDER thickened to the consistency BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN FTC: B1881 of a thin puree or having milk [QM04] BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- or cream added, and often ILY [B1879] containing pieces of solid south african hake UF: flounder, southern food such as meat, shellfish, USE: CAPE HAKE [B2141] UF: paralichthys lethostigma pasta or vegetables. Soup takes precedence over other SOUTH AFRICAN PILCHARD southern pea food products. FTC: B1984 USE: BLACKEYED PEA [B1100] BT: SARDINE [B1558] soup, cream UF: sardinops ocellatus SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB USE: SOUP, THICK [A0180] FTC: B1182 SOUTH AMERICA BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY SOUP, THICK FTC: QV [B2222] FTC: A0180 BT: R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES BT: SOUP [A0198] AND REGIONS [QX] south-west africa UF: bisque USE: NAMIBIA [NA] UF: gumbo south american apricot UF: soup, cream USE: MAMMY APPLE [B1685] southwest atlantic hake SN: A soup in which the liquid USE: ARGENTINE HAKE [B2142] phase has high viscosity. SOUTH AMERICAN CATFISH FTC: B2154 SOUTHWESTERN STATES SOUP, THIN BT: LONG WHISKERED CAT- FTC: US64 FTC: A0243 FISH FAMILY [B1969] BT: UNITED STATES [US] BT: SOUP [A0198] UF: amazon catfish UF: bouillon UF: brachyplatystoma flavicans SOY ADDED UF: consomme FTC: H0338 SN: A soup in which the liquid SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] phase has low viscosity. FISHING AREA FTC: AA03 soy flour added soupfin shark BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] USE: SOY PROTEIN ADDED USE: SCHOOL SHARK [B2282] [H0257] SOUTH AMERICAN SILVERSIDE SOUR CHERRY FTC: B1885 SOY PROTEIN ADDED FTC: B1052 BT: SILVERSIDE FAMILY FTC: H0257 BT: CHERRY [B1306] [B1884] BT: PROTEIN ADDED [H0164] UF: prunus cerasus UF: odonthestes regia UF: soy flour added UF: tart cherry UF: silverside, south american SOYBEAN sour grass SOUTH CAROLINA FTC: B1452

218 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: lippia micromera USE: GIANT SEA PIKE [B2392] [B1017] UF: thyme, spanish UF: glycine max sphyraena spp. spareribs USE: BARRACUDA [B1540] SOYBEAN USE: SIDE (MEAT CUT) [Z0046] FTC: B1452 sphyraenidae BT: PROTEIN-PRODUCING sparidae USE: BARRACUDA FAMILY PLANT [B1049] USE: PORGY FAMILY [B1808] [B1829] UF: glycine max sparkling wine (U.S.) sphyrna mokarran SOYBEAN USE: LIGHT WINE, 7-14% ALCO- USE: GREAT HAMMERHEAD FTC: B1452 HOL [A0299] [B2593] BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] UF: glycine max sparus auratus sphyrna spp. USE: GILT HEADED BREAM USE: HAMMERHEAD SHARK SOYBEAN [B2858] [B2598] FTC: B1452 BT: BEAN (VEGETABLE) SPEAR OR SHOOT sphyrna tiburo [B1567] FTC: C0186 USE: BONNETHEAD [B2594] UF: glycine max BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, EXCLUDING FRUIT AND sphyrna tudes SOYBEAN OIL ADDED SEED [C0144] USE: SMALLEYE HAMMERHEAD FTC: H0342 UF: shoot [B2596] BT: VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL UF: tip ADDED [H0263] SN: A young, tender flower stem sphyrna zygaena growing from a root or tuber, USE: SMOOTH HAMMERHEAD SPAGHETTI SQUASH for example, an asparagus [B2595] FTC: B2508 spear or a bamboo shoot. Do BT: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] not used for *SPROUT*, sphyrnidae which grows from a seed. USE: HAMMERHEAD SHARK SPAIN Compare *STEM, STALK FAMILY [B2591] FTC: ES (WITHOUT LEAVES)*. BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN SPICE OR FLAVOR-PRODUCING [QR03] SPEARMINT PLANT FTC: B1434 FTC: B1179 SPANISH LIME BT: MINT [B1267] BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD FTC: B1468 UF: mentha spicata SOURCE [B1347] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: mentha viridis UF: flavor-producing plant CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: herb-producing plant UF: genip (melicoccus) special dietary food UF: honeyberry USE: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- SPICE OR HERB UF: mamoncillo TARY USE [P0023] FTC: A0113 UF: melicoccus bijugatus BT: FLAVORING OR SEASON- SPECKLED FLOUNDER ING [A0133] SPANISH MACKEREL FTC: B2385 UF: herb or spice FTC: B1571 BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER SN: Aromatic or pungent plant BT: MACKEREL [B1043] FAMILY [B1856] product used whole or ground UF: scomberomorus commersoni as a seasoning in food prod- UF: scomberomorus maculatus SPECKLED ROCKFISH ucts. UF: seer FTC: B1775 BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY SPICE OR HERB ADDED spanish onion [B1084] FTC: H0151 USE: WELSH ONION [B2418] UF: rockfish, speckled BT: FLAVORING, SPICE OR UF: sebastes ovalis HERB ADDED, NATURAL spanish paprika pepper [H0229] USE: PIMIENTO PEPPER [B1531] speckled trout UF: herb added USE: BROOK TROUT [B1077] SN: Used when whole or ground SPANISH PLUM spice or herb is added to a FTC: B2964 SPELT food product at any level. BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B2917 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: WHEAT [B1312] SPIDER CRAB FAMILY UF: german wheat FTC: B2222 spanish psyllium UF: triticum aestivum, spelta BT: CRAB [B1335] USE: FLEAWORT [B2659] group UF: majidae UF: triticum spelta SPANISH SARDINE SPINACH FTC: B2003 sphaeroides spp. FTC: B1420 BT: SARDINE [B1558] USE: PUFFER [B2394] BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: sardine, spanish UF: spinacia oleracea UF: sardinella anchovia sphoeroides maculatus UF: sardinella aurita USE: NORTHERN PUFFER spinach beet [B2239] USE: SWISS CHARD [B1175] SPANISH THYME FTC: B2134 sphoeroides spengleri spinach, new zealand BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: BANDTAIL PUFFER [B2271] USE: NEW ZEALAND SPINACH PRODUCING PLANT [B1732] [B1179] sphyraena jello LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 219 spinacia oleracea BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY USE: SPRAT [B1235] USE: SPINACH [B1420] [B1084] UF: sebastes diploproa SPRAY-DRIED spineless cactus FTC: J0133 USE: INDIAN FIG [B2019] spondias birrea BT: ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED USE: SCLEROCARYA [B2822] [J0144] SPINY COCKLE SN: Used when liquids and low- FTC: B1964 spondias cytherea viscosity pastes or purees are BT: COCKLE [B1317] USE: AMBARELLA [B1284] dried by atomisation. Exam- UF: cardium aculeata ple: milk. UF: cardium echinatum spondias dulcis USE: AMBARELLA [B1284] spring onion SPINY DOGFISH USE: SCALLION [B1478] FTC: B1913 spondias lutea BT: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY USE: HOG PLUM [B1307] spring salmon [B1912] USE: CHINOOK SALMON [B1132] UF: dogfish, spiny spondias mombin UF: squalus acanthias USE: HOG PLUM [B1307] SPROUT FTC: C0183 SPINY EEL spondias spp. BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, FTC: B2527 USE: CIRUELA [B2398] EXCLUDING FRUIT AND BT: SPINY EEL FAMILY [B2526] SEED [C0144] UF: notacanthus chemnitzi SPONGE CRAB FAMILY SN: A young plant growing from a FTC: B2226 seed; may have small leaves. SPINY EEL FAMILY BT: CRAB [B1335] The endosperm is diminished FTC: B2526 or removed. Compare BT: FISH, ALBULIFORM [B2544] SPOT *GERMINATED OR UF: notacanthidae FTC: B1256 SPROUTED SEED* and BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] *STEM, STALK (WITHOUT SPINY LOBSTER UF: leiostomus xanthurus LEAVES)*. FTC: B1075 BT: SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY SPOTTED CHUB MACKEREL sprouted seed [B2163] FTC: B1926 USE: GERMINATED OR UF: crayfish, marine BT: MACKEREL [B1043] SPROUTED SEED [C0102] UF: marine crayfish UF: scomber antarcticus UF: palinurus spp. UF: scomber australasicus squab UF: rock lobster UF: scomber tapeinocephalus USE: PIGEON [B1304]

SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY SPOTTED OCTOPUS squalidae FTC: B2163 FTC: B1054 USE: DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY BT: LOBSTER [B1505] BT: OCTOPUS [B1514] [B1912] UF: palinuridae UF: hapalochlaena maculosa UF: panuliridae UF: octopus maculosus squalus acanthias USE: SPINY DOGFISH [B1913] spirits, distilled SPOTTED PIKE-CONGER USE: DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] FTC: B2537 squalus spp. BT: DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY USE: DOGFISH SHARK [B1195] spirits, distinctive distilled [B2533] USE: DISTINCTIVE DISTILLED SQUASH SPIRITS [A0200] SPOTTED ROSE SNAPPER FTC: B1208 FTC: B1803 BT: SQUASH, GOURD OR SPIROCHAETALES USED AS BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] PUMPKIN [B2091] FOOD SOURCE UF: lutjanus guttatus FTC: B2852 UF: snapper, spotted rose SQUASH, GOURD OR PUMPKIN BT: BACTERIA [B2846] FTC: B2091 SN: Bergey's Manual of System- SPOTTED SEATROUT BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- atic Bacteriology, V.1, 1984, FTC: B1615 BLE [B1006] p.38. BT: SEATROUT [B2657] UF: cucurbita spp. UF: cynoscion nebulosus UF: gourd, squash or pumpkin SPIRULINA UF: pumpkin, squash or gourd FTC: B2039 SPOTTED STARGAZER BT: ALGAE, BLUE-GREEN FTC: B2274 SQUAT LOBSTER FAMILY [B1746] BT: STARGAZER FAMILY FTC: B2162 [B2275] BT: LOBSTER [B1505] spisula solidissima UF: galatheidae USE: ATLANTIC SURFCLAM SPOTTED TUNNY [B1959] FTC: B1111 squatinia spp. BT: TUNA [B1269] USE: ANGEL SHARK [B1138] SPLEEN UF: euthynnus alletteratus FTC: C0191 squatinidae BT: ORGAN MEAT, CARDIO- SPRAT USE: ANGEL SHARK FAMILY VASCULAR SYSTEM FTC: B1235 [B1914] [C0129] BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] UF: clupea sprattus SQUID SPLITNOSE ROCKFISH UF: sprattus sprattus FTC: B1205 FTC: B2669 BT: CEPHALOPOD [B2116] sprattus sprattus UF: calamari

220 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: teuthoidea AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SQUIRREL 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1389 UF: E 512 BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) STABILIZER ADDED UF: INS 512 [B1134] FTC: H0368 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, STANNOUS CHLORIDE ADDED SQUIRRELFISH USA [H0371] FTC: H0712 FTC: B2656 SN: Used when a stabilizer is BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: SQUIRRELFISH FAMILY added at any level. A stabi- EUROPEAN COMMU- [B2655] lizer is a food additive that NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: holocentrus spp. thickens, prevents separation, TARIUS [H0399] UF: menpachi prevents flavor deterioration, UF: E 512 added retards oxidation by increas- UF: INS 512 added SQUIRRELFISH FAMILY ing the viscosity or gives a FTC: B2655 smooth texture to the food. STAR ANISE BT: FISH, BERYCIFORM [B1983] FTC: B1464 STABILIZER, THICKENER OR GEL- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- SRI LANKA LING AGENT PRODUCING PLANT FTC: LK FTC: A0319 [B1179] BT: ASIA, SOUTHERN [QN04] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] UF: illicium verum UF: ceylon UF: gelling agent SN: This country was formerly UF: jelling agent STAR APPLE known as 'ceylon'. UF: thickener FTC: B2036 SN: Substance used to product BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ST. HELENA viscous solutions or disper- CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: SH sions, to impart body, improve UF: caimito BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS consistency, or stabilize UF: chrysophyllum cainito [QO] emulsions. Includes suspend- UF: saint helena island ing and bodying agents, set- star fruit ting agents, jelling agents, USE: CARAMBOLA [B1686] st. peter's fish bulking agents, viscosity USE: EUROPEAN JOHN DORY modifiers, etc. STARCH [B2278] FTC: C0203 STAG CHICKEN BT: POLYSACCHARIDE [C0153] ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON FTC: B1712 SN: A primary carbohydrate FTC: PM BT: CHICKEN [B1457] source, produced by extrac- BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS SN: A male chicken (usually under tion from the seeds of cereal [QO] 10 months of age) with grains (primarily corn), and UF: miquelon coarse skin, somewhat from tuberous plants (sago UF: saint pierre and miquelon toughened and darkened palm, etc.). Also used as a flesh, and considerable hard- thickener, stabilizer, texture STABILIZER ening of the breastbone carti- modifier, etc., in food proc- FTC: A0321 lage. Their condition is inter- essing. BT: STABILIZER, THICKENER mediate between that of a OR GELLING AGENT roaster chicken and a rooster. STARCH ADDED [A0319] FTC: H0146 SN: Substance used to produce STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINER BT: POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED viscous solutions or disper- FTC: M0301 [H0120] sions, to impart body, improve BT: STEEL PLATE CONTAINER SN: Used when starch is the sec- consistency, or stabilize [M0189] ond or third ingredient in order emulsions. of predominance, excluding stalk (without leaves) water. STABILIZER USE: STEM OR STALK (WITH- FTC: A0348 OUT LEAVES) [C0101] STARCH ADDED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- FTC: H0146 CATION, EUROPEAN STANDARD GRADE BT: STABILIZER ADDED COMMUNITY [A0324] FTC: Z0012 [H0368] AI: Substance that makes it pos- BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. SN: Used when starch is the sec- sible to maintain the physico- [Z0007] ond or third ingredient in order chemical state of a foodstuff; of predominance, excluding stabilisers include substances STANDARDIZED DRESSING water. that enable the maintenance FTC: A0292 of a homogenous dispersion BT: DRESSING FOR FOOD STARCH JELLY CANDY of two or more immiscible [A0276] FTC: A0256 substances in a foodstuff and SN: Dressing for which standards BT: JELLY CANDY [A0162] include also substances that of identity are specified in the SN: Jelly candy having starch as stabilise, retain or intensify an CFR. Includes french dress- its principal jelling ingredient. existing colour of a foodstuff. ing (21 CFR 169.115), may- European Council Directive onnaise (21 CFR 169.140) starch pudding 95/2/EC. and salad dressing (21 CFR USE: PUDDING, STARCH [A0192] 169.150). STABILIZER STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUC- FTC: A0443 STANNOUS CHLORIDE CINATE BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B3287 FTC: B3288 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [A0351] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 221

BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- rhubarb stalk without the leaf PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TARIUS [H0399] blade. For a large, fleshy leaf- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 483 added stalk with the leaf blade use UF: E 1450 UF: INS 483 added *PLANT ABOVE SURFACE*. UF: INS 1450 Compare *LEAF*, *SPEAR, STEEL SHOOT* AND *SPROUT*. STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUC- FTC: N0044 CINATE ADDED BT: METAL [N0041] stem, leaf, flower or root FTC: H0713 USE: ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, STEEL PLATE CONTAINER FLOWER [C0148] EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: M0189 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: METAL CONTAINER stenodus leucichthys TARIUS [H0399] [M0151] USE: INCONNU [B2302] UF: E 1450 added UF: tin can UF: INS 1450 added stenodus makenii STEEL PLATE CONTAINER TINNED USE: INCONNU [B2302] STARCH-PRODUCING PLANT BOTH SIDES FTC: B1016 FTC: M0309 stenotomus chrysops BT: POLYSACCHARIDE- BT: TIN PLATE CONTAINER USE: SCUP [B2399] PRODUCING PLANT [M0176] [B1009] stereolepis gigas STEEL PLATE CONTAINER TINNED USE: GIANT SEA BASS [B1765] STARCH-RELATED CLAIM OR USE ONE SIDE FTC: P0092 FTC: M0308 STERILIZED AFTER FILLING BT: NUTRITION-RELATED BT: TIN PLATE CONTAINER FTC: J0110 CLAIM OR USE [P0065] [M0176] BT: STERILIZED BY HEAT [J0123] STARFISH STEEL SOLDER SN: Used when a food product FTC: B2108 FTC: M0262 was sterilized by holding at a BT: ECHINODERM [B2115] BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] high temperature after filling. UF: asteroidae steelhead trout STERILIZED AT ULTRA HIGH TEM- STARGAZER FAMILY USE: RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] PERATURE (UHT) FTC: B2275 FTC: J0147 BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] STEEPED BT: ASEPTIC FILLED AND UF: uranosupidae FTC: G0036 SEALED [J0126] BT: COOKED IN WATER OR UF: uht sterilized STARRY FLOUNDER WATER-BASED LIQUID FTC: B1874 [G0013] STERILIZED BEFORE FILLING BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER SN: Extracting flavor and other FTC: J0102 FAMILY [B1856] components from food BT: STERILIZED BY HEAT UF: flounder, starry sources by immersion in wa- [J0123] UF: platichthys stellatus ter, usually at near-boiling SN: Used when a food product temperature. was sterilized by holding at a starvation food high temperature before fill- USE: ALIMENT DE DISETTE STEEPED BEVERAGE ing; the container may be [P0182] FTC: A0268 sterilized before or after filling. BT: NONALCOHOLIC BEVER- STATUS OF FOOD NAME AGE [A0112] STERILIZED BY HEAT FTC: Z0087 SN: Beverage prepared by FTC: J0123 BT: Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTER- extrcting flavor and other BT: PRESERVED BY HEAT ISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] components from food TREATMENT [J0120] sources by percolation and/or UF: canned (sterilized and STEAMED WITH PRESSURE immersion in water, usually at hermetically packed) FTC: G0022 near-boiling temperature. UF: preserved by canning BT: COOKED IN STEAM [G0021] SN: Used when the product is UF: pressure-cooked STEINPILZ rendered commercially sterile SN: Cooked in a pressure cooker. FTC: B2033 by holding at high tempera- BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] ture before or after it is STEAMED WITHOUT PRESSURE UF: boletus edulis packed in a hermetically FTC: G0023 UF: yellow boletus sealed container. BT: COOKED IN STEAM [G0021] SN: Cooked suspended above STEM OR SPEAR VEGETABLE STERILIZED BY IRRADIATION boiling water. FTC: B1005 FTC: J0113 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: PRESERVED BY IONIZING STEARYL TARTRATE PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND RADIATION [J0122] FTC: B3289 PARTS USED [B1057] SN: Used for a food product that BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- has been packed in a her- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX STEM OR STALK (WITHOUT metically sealed container ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] LEAVES) and rendered commercially UF: E 483 FTC: C0101 sterile by ionizing radiation UF: INS 483 BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, (e.g. 24-28 kGy). EXCLUDING FRUIT AND STEARYL TARTRATE ADDED SEED [C0144] STERILIZED BY ULTRA HIGH FTC: H0714 UF: stalk (without leaves) PRESSURE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, SN: Flower stem or large, fleshy FTC: J0160 EUROPEAN COMMU- leafstalk (petiole), such as a

222 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: PRESERVED BY HEAT USE: CITRON MELON [B2041] TREATMENT [J0120] stringless bean SN: Sterilized by holding at a high STOMACH USE: GREEN BEAN [B1371] pressure, e.g. greater than FTC: C0211 100 bar. Example: strawber- BT: ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE STRIPED BASS ries. SYSTEM [C0106] FTC: B2181 UF: maw (mammal) BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY STEW OR HASH [B1184] FTC: A0212 STONE AND KING CRAB FAMILY UF: morone saxatilis BT: PREPARED FOOD PROD- FTC: B2209 SN: Source--American Fisheries UCT [A0172] BT: CRAB [B1335] Society UF: hash or stew UF: lithodidae SN: Prepared dish consisting of a STRIPED BONITO mixture of meat, poultry or stone crab FTC: B2189 seafood with one or more USE: FLORIDA STONE CRAB BT: BONITO [B1264] vegetables and possibly other [B1944] UF: sarda orientalis ingredients. In contrast to UF: sarda velox soups, which are liquid or stone fruit semiliquid, stews are thick- USE: PIT FRUIT [B1539] STRIPED MULLET ened or have a larger propor- FTC: B1783 tion of solid ingredients. STOPPER BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] FTC: M0427 UF: mugil cephalus stewed BT: SEALING/CLOSING ELE- UF: mullet, striped USE: SIMMERED, POACHED OR MENT [M0220] STEWED [G0020] UF: plug STRIPED PARGO FTC: B2565 stewing chicken STRAW MUSHROOM BT: SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] USE: HEN [B1713] FTC: B1637 UF: hoplopagrus guentheri BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] UF: pargo raisero stick, formed UF: paddy straw mushroom UF: pargo, striped USE: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED UF: volvariella volvacea BY FORMING [E0147] STRIPED SNAKEHEAD STRAWBERRY FTC: B2307 STICKLEBACK FAMILY FTC: B1393 BT: SNAKEHEAD FAMILY FTC: B2483 BT: BERRY [B1231] [B2309] BT: FISH, GASTEROSTEIFORM UF: fragaria spp. UF: channa [B2478] UF: ophicephalus striatus UF: gasterosteidae STRAWBERRY GUAVA FTC: B1649 STRIPED WEAKFISH STIGMA BT: GUAVA [B1333] FTC: B2380 FTC: C0277 UF: guava, strawberry BT: WEAKFISH [B1526] BT: FLORET OR FLOWER UF: psidium cattleianum UF: cynoscion striatus [C0237] strawberry peach STRIPETAIL ROCKFISH STIR-FRIED USE: KIWIFRUIT [B1664] FTC: B2668 FTC: G0028 BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BT: COOKED IN SMALL STRAWBERRY TREE [B1084] AMOUNT OF FAT OR OIL FTC: B2761 UF: sebastes saxicola [G0026] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SN: Cooked by frying foods CAL FRUIT [B1024] stromateidae quickly over high heat, stirring UF: arbutus USE: BUTTERFISH FAMILY constantly. Only enough UF: arbutus unedo [B1827] cooking oil is used to coat the UF: cane apple bottom of the pan. stromateus cinereus STREET VENDOR PREPARED USE: WHITE POMFRET [B1927] stizostedion AND/OR SOLD USE: PIKE PERCH [B1399] FTC: Z0120 strombus spp. BT: PREPARATION ESTAB- USE: CONCH [B1259] stizostedion canadense LISHMENT [Z0108] USE: SAUGER [B1670] SN: Foods prepared at on- or off- strongylocentrotus spp. site locations, commissaries USE: SEA URCHIN [B2107] stizostedion vitreum (e.g., wrapped fresh sand- USE: WALLEYE PIKE [B1398] wiches) or food industry es- strongylura exilis tablishments (e.g., bagged USE: CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH stizostedion vitreum glaucum potato chips), but which are [B1417] USE: BLUE PIKE [B1424] sold from vending establish- ments. Examples include hot struthio camelus stizostedion vitreum vitreum dog stands, trucksandwich USE: OSTRICH [B2118] USE: WALLEYE PIKE [B1398] vendors, etc. STRYCHNOS stock STRIATED FUSILIER FTC: B2930 USE: BROTH OR STOCK [C0170] FTC: B2606 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: FUSILIER [B2603] CAL FRUIT [B1024] stock fish UF: fusilier, striated UF: strychnos spp. USE: CAPE HAKE [B2141] string bean strychnos laxa stock melon USE: GREEN BEAN [B1371] USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 223

BT: SUCKER FAMILY [B1892] SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY strychnos spinosa ACIDS ADDED USE: NATAL ORANGE [B2787] SUCKER FAMILY FTC: H0718 FTC: B1892 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, strychnos spp. BT: FISH, CYPRINIFORM EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: STRYCHNOS [B2930] [B1594] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: catostomidae TARIUS [H0399] stuffed UF: E 473 added USE: FILLED OR STUFFED SUCROGLYCERIDES UF: INS 473 added [H0207] FTC: B3291 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SUDAN STURGEON PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: SD FTC: B1465 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] BT: STURGEON FAMILY UF: E 474 [B1897] UF: INS 474 SUEZ FUSILIER UF: acipenser spp. FTC: B2605 UF: scaphirhynchus spp. SUCROGLYCERIDES ADDED BT: FUSILIER [B2603] FTC: H0716 UF: fusilier, suez STURGEON FAMILY BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1897 EUROPEAN COMMU- SUGAR BT: FISH, ACIPENSERIFORM NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: C0108 [B1020] TARIUS [H0399] BT: CARBOHYDRATE [C0152] UF: acipenseridae UF: E 474 added SN: A broad term that includes the UF: INS 474 added nutritive sweeteners dextrose, styrofoam fructose, galactose, lactose, USE: POLYSTYRENE [N0022] SUCROSE maltose and sucrose, which FTC: C0210 are simple carbohydrates with SUBARCTIC CLIMATIC ZONE BT: SUGAR [C0108] molecules composed of one FTC: CLZ14 SN: Used when sucrose (e.g., or two saccharide units. Note BT: CONTINENTAL CLIMATIC cane sugar or beet sugar) is that on a product label or in a ZONE [CLZ11] the major ingredient. Note: on recipe, 'sugar' means a product label or in a recipe, *SUCROSE* and should be SUBTROPICAL REEF 'sugar' means sucrose. so indexed. Use the broad FTC: SUB2 term *SUGAR* only if the BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBU- specific sugar used is not TYRATE known or not listed in the vo- SUBTROPICAL WATERS FTC: B3292 cabulary. FTC: SUB1 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX sugar added ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP SUCCINIC ACID UF: E 444 ADDED [H0136] FTC: B3290 UF: INS 444 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- SUGAR ALCOHOL ADDED PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBU- FTC: H0302 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TYRATE ADDED BT: CARBOHYDRATE OR RE- UF: E 363 FTC: H0717 LATED COMPOUND ADDED UF: INS 363 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [H0301] EUROPEAN COMMU- SN: Used when a sugar alcohol is SUCCINIC ACID ADDED NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- added at any level. FTC: H0715 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: E 444 added SUGAR AND HONEY EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: INS 444 added FTC: A0462 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- AI: CIAA ADD/385/90E Rev 5 TARIUS [H0399] SUCROSE ADDED UF: E 363 added FTC: H0158 sugar apple UF: INS 363 added BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP USE: SWEETSOP [B1477] ADDED [H0136] SUCCOTASH SN: Used when sucrose, specifi- SUGAR BEET FTC: B1361 cally cane sugar or beet FTC: B1370 BT: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] sugar, is the second or third BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING UF: corn and lima beans ingredient in order of pre- PLANT [B1012] UF: lima bean and corn dominance or if the sucrose UF: beta vulgaris var. crassa UF: lima bean and sweet corn content is known to be 5% or UF: lima beans and corn more. Note that on a product SUGAR CANE UF: vegetable corn and lima bean label or in a recipe, 'sugar' FTC: B1378 means *SUCROSE*. BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING SUCCOTASH PLANT [B1012] FTC: B1361 SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY UF: saccharum officinarum BT: LIMA BEAN [B1397] ACIDS UF: corn and lima beans FTC: B3293 SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN UF: lima bean and corn BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B1680 UF: lima bean and sweet corn PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: SUGAR CANE [B1378] UF: lima beans and corn ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: field corn and sugar cane UF: vegetable corn and lima bean UF: E 473 UF: INS 473 SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN SUCKER FTC: B1680 FTC: B1319 BT: FIELD CORN [B1379]

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UF: field corn and sugar cane UF: disaccharide added solids is the major ingredient. UF: monosaccharide added Sugar syrup is a liquid or se- SUGAR COATED OR COVERED UF: sugar added miliquid high in sugar content FTC: H0354 SN: Added sugar or sugar syrup is derived from a plant source BT: COATED OR COVERED indexed if it is the second or through extraction possibly [H0353] third ingredient in order of followed by conversion and/or UF: coated or covered with sugar predominance or if it amounts concentration. A sugar syrup to 5% or more. When per- usually contains several sug- SUGAR CONTENT (EUROPE) centage figures are known, ars in varying proportions. FTC: Z0161 total the sugar contribution Sugar syrup solids are de- BT: FOOD CONTENT RANGE from all added ingredients rived by removing water from (EUROPE) [Z0176] (e.g., from added milk choco- sugar syrup. late). Use the most specific SUGAR CONTENT < 30% term(s) applicable. Use the sugar syrup solids added FTC: Z0164 broad term *SUGAR OR USE: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR BT: SUGAR CONTENT SUGAR SYRUP ADDED* SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED (EUROPE) [Z0161] only if (1) the specific sugar is [H0280] not in the vocabulary, (2) the SUGAR CONTENT > 50% specific sugar is not known, sugarplum FTC: Z0162 or (3) no individual sugar is USE: JUNEBERRY [B1435] BT: SUGAR CONTENT indexable butseveral added (EUROPE) [Z0161] sugars together amount to SUGAR-PRODUCING PLANT 5% or more. Special notes: FTC: B1012 SUGAR CONTENT 30-50% (1) lactose is indexed at any BT: CARBOHYDRATE- FTC: Z0163 level. (2) on a product label or PRODUCING PLANT BT: SUGAR CONTENT recipe 'sugar' means [B1048] (EUROPE) [Z0161] *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. SUGARS FREE FOOD sugar corn FTC: P0056 USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] SUGAR PALM BT: NO SUGARS ADDED CLAIM FTC: B1485 OR USE [P0091] sugar free food BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING UF: sugar free food USE: SUGARS FREE FOOD PLANT [B1012] SN: Food having less than 0.5 [P0056] grams sugars per amount SUGAR PEA, EDIBLE POD customarily consumed (or for SUGAR MAPLE FTC: B2467 meals and main dishes, less FTC: B1167 BT: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- than 0.5 grams sugars per la- BT: SUGAR-PRODUCING VARS [B1031] beled serving). Such foods PLANT [B1012] UF: sugar snap pea nust contain no ingredient that is a sugar or generally SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ADDED sugar pea, grown for seed understood to contain sugars FTC: H0136 USE: SWEET PEA [B1487] except where the ingredient BT: NUTRITIVE SWEETENER listed is footnoted '*adds a ADDED [H0105] sugar pod garden pea trivial amount of sugars'. UF: disaccharide added USE: PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTI- UF: monosaccharide added VARS [B1031] SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE UF: sugar added FTC: P0061 SN: Added sugar or sugar syrup is sugar snap pea BT: NUTRITION-RELATED indexed if it is the second or USE: SUGAR PEA, EDIBLE POD CLAIM OR USE [P0065] third ingredient in order of [B2467] SN: All narrower term definitions predominance or if it amounts extracted from 58 Federal to 5% or more. When per- sugar syrup added Register 2302, January 6, centage figures are known, USE: SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR 1993, part 101.60(c). total the sugar contribution SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED from all added ingredients [H0280] SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE (e.g., from added milk choco- FTC: P0061 late). Use the most specific SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR SYRUP BT: SWEETENER-RELATED term(s) applicable. Use the SOLIDS ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0103] broad term *SUGAR OR FTC: H0280 SN: All narrower term definitions SUGAR SYRUP ADDED* BT: SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP extracted from 58 Federal only if (1) the specific sugar is ADDED [H0136] Register 2302, January 6, not in the vocabulary, (2) the UF: sugar syrup added 1993, part 101.60(c). specific sugar is not known, UF: sugar syrup solids added or (3) no individual sugar is SN: For the definition of sugar suillus luteus indexable butseveral added syrup, see *SUGAR SYRUP USE: SLIPPERY JACK MUSH- sugars together amount to OR SYRUP SOLIDS*. Sugar ROOM [B2260] 5% or more. Special notes: syrups, especially corn syrup, (1) lactose is indexed at any usually contain several sug- SULAWESI level. (2) on a product label or ars in varying proportions; the FTC: ID21 recipe 'sugar' means specific sugars are not in- BT: INDONESIA [ID] *SUCROSE* and should be dexed individually. so indexed. SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL SUGAR SYRUP OR SYRUP SOLIDS FTC: B3294 SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ADDED FTC: C0271 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: H0136 BT: SUGAR [C0108] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: CARBOHYDRATE ADDED SN: Food vocabulary--Used when ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [H0209] a sugar syrup or sugar syrup UF: E 150d LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 225

UF: INS 150d FTC: B1190 SURFACE PASTEURIZED OR DIS- BT: SQUASH [B1208] INFECTED BY ULTRAVIO- SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL UF: cucurbita pepo LET ADDED UF: yellow crookneck squash FTC: J0115 FTC: H0719 UF: yellow squash BT: PRESERVED BY IRRADIA- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TION [J0138] EUROPEAN COMMU- SUN DRIED SN: Used when sufficient ultravio- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: J0170 let radiation is applied to de- TARIUS [H0399] BT: NATURALLY DRIED [J0141] stroy most pathogenic and UF: E 150d added SN: Dried by exposure to the sun. spoilage organisms present UF: INS 150d added Example: cereals, spices, on the surface or to inhibit vegetables. sprouting of stored agricul- SULPHUR DIOXIDE tural produce and destroy FTC: B3295 sundried storage pests. When followed BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: NATURALLY DRIED [J0141] by refrigeration, also index PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX *PRESERVED BY STOR- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SUNFISH AGE IN REFRIGERATION*. UF: E 220 FTC: B1419 UF: INS 220 BT: SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] SURGEONFISH FAMILY UF: lepomis spp. FTC: B2303 SULPHUR DIOXIDE ADDED BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: H0720 SUNFISH FAMILY UF: acanthuridae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1818 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] SURINAM CHERRY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: centrarchidae FTC: B1657 TARIUS [H0399] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: E 220 added SUNFLOWER CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: INS 220 added FTC: B1547 UF: brazil cherry BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: cayenne cherry SULPHURIC ACID [B1017] UF: eugenia michelii FTC: B3296 UF: giant greystripe UF: eugenia uniflora BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: helianthus annuus UF: pitanga PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SUNFLOWER SURINAME UF: E 513 FTC: B1547 FTC: SR UF: INS 513 BT: EDIBLE SEED [B1174] BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] UF: giant greystripe SULPHURIC ACID ADDED UF: helianthus annuus sus scrofa FTC: H0721 USE: SWINE [B1136] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, sunflower oil added EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: SAFFLOWER OR SUN- susina NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FLOWER OIL ADDED USE: JAPANESE PLUM [B2736] TARIUS [H0399] [H0347] UF: E 513 added SUSPENDING AGENT UF: INS 513 added SUNSET YELLOW FCF, ORANGE FTC: A0444 YELLOW S BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, sultana FTC: B3297 CODEX ALIMENTARIUS USE: GRAPE, SULTANA [B1072] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [A0351] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- SUMAC ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome FTC: B2161 UF: E 110 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT UF: INS 110 [B1140] SUSSEX COUNTY UF: rhus spp. SUNSET YELLOW FCF, ORANGE FTC: US10A YELLOW S ADDED SUMATRA FTC: H0722 SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN IS- FTC: ID24 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, LANDS BT: INDONESIA [ID] EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: SJ NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS SUMMER FLOUNDER TARIUS [H0399] [QO] FTC: B1883 UF: E 110 added UF: jan mayen island BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- UF: INS 110 added ILY [B1879] swamp blueberry UF: flounder, summer SUPPLEMENTAL FORMULATION USE: HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY UF: paralichthys dentatus FTC: A0308 [B2026] BT: DIETARY OR THERAPEU- SUMMER ORANGE TIC FORMULATION [A0309] SWAMP CABBAGE FTC: B2315 FTC: B1733 BT: SOUR ORANGE [B1193] SURFACE BACTERIA CURED BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] UF: citrus aurantium subsp. nas- FTC: H0327 UF: skunk cabbage tridaidai BT: BACTERIA CURED [H0326] UF: symplocarpus foetidus UF: golden oriental grapefruit SURFACE MOLD CURED swamp ebony summer savory FTC: H0330 USE: AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] USE: SAVORY, SUMMER [B1123] BT: MOLD CURED [H0329] SWARTZIA SUMMER SQUASH FTC: B2931

226 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B1487 CAL FRUIT [B1024] BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- sweetener, nutritive UF: swartzia fistuloides VARS [B1001] USE: NUTRITIVE SWEETENER UF: lathyrus odoratus [A0118] swartzia fistuloides UF: pea, sweet USE: SWARTZIA [B2931] UF: pea, wrinkled cultivars SWEETENER-RELATED CLAIM OR UF: sugar pea, grown for seed USE SWAZILAND FTC: P0103 FTC: SZ sweet pepper BT: FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIE- BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN USE: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET TARY USE [P0023] [QM04] PEPPER [B2628] SWEETENERS swede SWEET POTATO FTC: A0636 USE: RUTABAGA [B1413] FTC: B1106 AI: CL 1996/14-FAC, May 1996 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING SWEDEN PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR SWEETENING AGENT FTC: SE BULB USED [B1018] FTC: A0445 BT: SCANDINAVIA [QR05] UF: ipomoea batatas BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS swedish turnip SWEET ROLL OR SWEET BUN [A0351] USE: RUTABAGA [B1413] FTC: A0151 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- BT: BAKERY PRODUCT, per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome sweet basil SWEETENED [A0135] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 USE: BASIL, SWEET [B1158] UF: roll, sweet UF: sweet bun SWEETSOP sweet bun SN: Single-portion yeast-leavened FTC: B1477 USE: SWEET ROLL OR SWEET sweetened bakery product. BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BUN [A0151] CAL FRUIT [B1024] SWEET SAUCE OR TOPPING UF: annona squamosa SWEET CHERRY FTC: A0287 UF: sugar apple FTC: B1091 BT: CONFECTIONERY [A0188] BT: CHERRY [B1306] SN: Sweetened and flavored swim bladder UF: prunus avium product that is used as an ac- USE: AIR BLADDER [C0284] companiment to desserts. SWEET CLOVER SWIMMING CRAB FTC: B2332 sweetbreads FTC: B2106 BT: CLOVER [B1254] USE: THYMUS OR PANCREAS BT: SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY UF: melilot [C0109] [B2212] UF: melilotus UF: portunus sweetened bakery product sweet corn USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] SWEETENED [A0135] FTC: B2212 BT: CRAB [B1335] sweet corn, white SWEETENER UF: portunidae USE: VEGETABLE CORN, WHITE FTC: A0237 [B1597] BT: FLAVORING OR SEASON- SWINE ING [A0133] FTC: B1136 sweet corn, yellow SN: A product added to a food BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) USE: VEGETABLE CORN, YEL- item to achieve some degree [B1134] LOW [B1595] of sweet taste; it may be nutri- UF: ham tive or nonnutritive. UF: pig sweet cream UF: pork USE: CREAM [C0195] SWEETENER UF: sus scrofa FTC: A0349 SWEET DATTOCK BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- SWINE AND CALF FTC: B2771 CATION, EUROPEAN FTC: B2242 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- COMMUNITY [A0324] BT: SWINE [B1136] CAL FRUIT [B1024] AI: Substance that is used to UF: calf and swine UF: detarium microcarpum impart a sweet taste to food- stuffs or as tabletop sweet- SWINE AND CALF SWEET GARCINIA ener. European Council Di- FTC: B2242 FTC: B2780 rective 94/35/EC. BT: CALF [B1349] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: calf and swine CAL FRUIT [B1024] SWEETENER ADDED FTC: H0202 swine and cattle SWEET MARJORAM BT: FLAVORING OR TASTE USE: CATTLE AND SWINE FTC: B1609 INGREDIENT ADDED [B1105] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- [H0117] PRODUCING PLANT SN: Includes *NONNUTRITIVE swine and cattle and calf [B1179] SWEETENER ADDED*, and USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND UF: marjoram, sweet *NUTRITIVE SWEETENER CALF [B1000] UF: origanum majorana ADDED*; see scope notes for these terms. swine and cattle and sheep sweet orange USE: CATTLE AND SWINE AND USE: ORANGE [B1339] sweetener, nonnutritive SHEEP [B2243] USE: NONNUTRITIVE SWEET- SWEET PEA ENER [A0142] swine feed LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 227

USE: PIG FEED [P0027] USE: WATER ROSEAPPLE FTC: Z0155 [B2777] BT: QUARTIER ARRIERE SWISS CHARD [Z0135] FTC: B1175 syzygium aromaticum BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: CLOVE [B1255] tairaka UF: beta vulgaris var. cicla USE: TUA TUA [B2261] UF: leaf beet syzygium cumini UF: silver beet USE: JAMBOLAN [B1651] taiwan UF: spinach beet USE: CHINA, REPUBLIC OF [TW] syzygium guineense SWITZERLAND USE: WATER BERRY [B2830] TALC FTC: CH FTC: B3298 BT: EUROPE, WESTERN syzygium malaccense BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [QR04] USE: MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] SWOLLENHEAD CONGER EEL TABASCO PEPPER UF: E 553b FTC: B2918 FTC: B2636 UF: INS 553b BT: CONGER EEL FAMILY BT: PUNGENT PEPPER VARI- [B2300] ETY [B2633] TALC ADDED UF: pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps UF: capsicum frutescens FTC: H0723 SN: Source--Eschmeyer, Catalog BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, of the Genera of recent table cream EUROPEAN COMMU- Fishes, California Academy of USE: LIGHT CREAM [C0160] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- Sciences, 1990, p.441. Scien- TARIUS [H0399] tific name verifiable, common table wine (U.S.) UF: E 553b added name unverified. USE: LIGHT WINE, 7-14% ALCO- UF: INS 553b added HOL [A0299] SWORDFISH tall fescue FTC: B1427 tablet, food USE: REED FESCUE [B2338] BT: SWORDFISH FAMILY USE: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED [B1383] BY FORMING, THICKNESS TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) UF: xiphias gladius 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0140] FTC: B2772 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- SWORDFISH FAMILY TABLETING AID CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B1383 FTC: A0446 UF: dattock tree BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: deta UF: xiphiidae CODEX ALIMENTARIUS UF: detar [A0351] UF: detarium senegalense SYCAMORE FIG AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: senegal dattock FTC: B2779 per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: FICUS SPP. [B2922] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 tamarillo UF: egyptian sycamore USE: TREE TOMATO [B2016] UF: ficus gnaphalocarpa tachysurus caelatus UF: ficus sycomorus USE: SEA CATFISH [B2374] TAMARIND UF: ficus trachophylla FTC: B1695 UF: mulberry fig taco, prepared BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- UF: sycomorus ghaphalocarpa USE: PREPARED FOOD PROD- CAL FRUIT [B1024] UCT WITH BAKERY BASE UF: tamarindus indica sycomorus ghaphalocarpa OR ENCLOSURE, UN- USE: SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] SWEETENED [A0102] tamarindus indica USE: TAMARIND [B1695] sylvilagus spp. TADJIKISTAN USE: RABBIT [B1323] FTC: TJ tamban BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] USE: OIL SARDINE [B1966] symplocarpus foetidus UF: tadzhikistan USE: SWAMP CABBAGE [B1733] tanga kwang TADPOLE FISH USE: ILLIPE [B2110] syngnathidae FTC: B2707 USE: PIPEFISH FAMILY [B2573] BT: HAKE [B1291] TANGELO UF: forkbeard FTC: B1473 synodontidae UF: raniceps raninus BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] USE: LIZARDFISH FAMILY UF: citrus tangelo [B2498] tadzhikistan USE: TADJIKISTAN [TJ] tangerine SYRIA USE: MANDARIN ORANGE FTC: SY tagetes erecta [B1429] BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] USE: AZTEC MARIGOLD [B2339] UF: syrian arab republic tanier TAHITI USE: MALANGA [B1499] syrian arab republic FTC: PF01 USE: SYRIA [SY] BT: FRENCH POLYNESIA [PF] tannia USE: MALANGA [B1499] syrian plum TAIL USE: MIRABELLE PLUM [B2733] FTC: Z0155 tanyah BT: CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] USE: MALANGA [B1499] syzgium aqueum TAIL TANZANIA

228 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: TZ BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: GREASY ROCKCOD BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1759] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TAP WATER/TABLE WATER TARIUS [H0399] TAYBERRY FTC: B3323 UF: E 334 added FTC: B2520 BT: WATER [B1217] UF: INS 334 added BT: BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] SN: A cross between red rasp- tapes japonica TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF berry and other bramble berry USE: JAPANESE LITTLENECK MONO- AND DIGLYC- species (The Plant Book, CLAM [B2354] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Cambridge University Press FTC: B3301 1990, page 571) tapes philippinarum BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: JAPANESE LITTLENECK PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TEA CLAM [B2354] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1623 UF: E 472d BT: COFFEE OR TEA [B2126] TARA GUM UF: INS 472d UF: camellia sinensis FTC: B3299 UF: camellia thea BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF UF: thea sinensis PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX MONO- AND DIGLYC- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS tea or coffee UF: E 417 ADDED USE: COFFEE OR TEA [B2126] UF: INS 417 FTC: H0726 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, tear-off lid TARA GUM ADDED EUROPEAN COMMU- USE: PEEL-OFF LID [M0426] FTC: H0724 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TARIUS [H0399] tear-open lid EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: E 472d added USE: PEEL-OFF LID [M0426] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: INS 472d added TARIUS [H0399] TEFF UF: E 417 added TARTRAZINE FTC: B2475 UF: INS 417 added FTC: B3302 BT: GRAIN [B1324] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: eragrostis tef TARAKIHI PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B1910 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TEFLON BT: MORWONG FAMILY [B2546] UF: E 102 FTC: N0055 UF: jackass morwong UF: INS 102 BT: PLASTIC [N0036] UF: morwong, jackass SN: Trade name for a polymer TARTRAZINE ADDED used to provide better protec- taraxacum FTC: H0727 tion and longer life to porous USE: DANDELION [B1428] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, metals (nickel alloys) in coex- EUROPEAN COMMU- truded sheets and films. tare NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- USE: VETCH [B2070] TARIUS [H0399] TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY UF: E 102 added FTC: B1184 TARO UF: INS 102 added BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: B1636 UF: percichthyidae BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING taste enhancer PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR USE: FLAVOR ENHANCER TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT BULB USED [B1018] [A0301] FTC: B1062 UF: colocasia esculenta BT: NUT [B1213] UF: dasheen taste- or flavor-related claim or use UF: eddo USE: FLAVOR- OR TASTE- TEMPLE ORANGE UF: old cocoyam RELATED CLAIM OR USE FTC: B2469 [P0099] BT: ORANGE [B1339] TARRAGON UF: citrus nobilis cv. temple FTC: B1469 TASTE REMOVING AGENT BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: A0447 TEMPLE ORANGE PRODUCING PLANT BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: B2469 [B1179] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: MANDARIN ORANGE [A0351] [B1429] tart AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- UF: citrus nobilis cv. temple USE: PIE, SWEETENED [A0253] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 TENCH tart cherry FTC: B1906 USE: SOUR CHERRY [B1052] tau kok BT: CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY USE: YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] [B1921] TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) UF: tinca tinca FTC: B3300 TAUTOG BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- FTC: B2276 TENNESSEE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: WRASSE FAMILY [B2277] FTC: US47 ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: tautoga onitis BT: SOUTHEASTERN STATES UF: E 334 [US63] UF: INS 334 tautoga onitis USE: TAUTOG [B2276] terrapin TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) ADDED USE: TURTLE [B1242] FTC: H0725 tauvina grouper TESTIS, MILT OR SOFT ROE LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 229

FTC: C0234 BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE UF: INS 957 added BT: ORGAN MEAT, UROGENI- FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- TAL SYSTEM [C0145] TERIAL [N0051] the' de gambie UF: milt, soft roe UF: cloth USE: YELLOW SAGE [B2783] UF: soft roe UF: fabric SN: The male reproductive organs thea sinensis and secretions of animals. TEXTILE OR FABRIC BAG USE: TEA [B1623] FTC: M0158 tetra BT: TEXTILE OR FABRIC CON- theobroma cacao USE: GROUSE [B1251] TAINER [M0157] USE: CACAO [B1318] UF: burlap bag tetracerus spp. UF: cloth bag theragra chalcogramma USE: ANTELOPE [B1481] USE: WALLEYE POLLOCK TEXTILE OR FABRIC CONTAINER [B1843] tetragonia expansa FTC: M0157 USE: NEW ZEALAND SPINACH BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- therapeutic formulation [B1732] PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] USE: DIETARY OR THERAPEU- TIC FORMULATION [A0309] tetraodontidae TEXTILE OR FABRIC STOCKING USE: PUFFERFISH FAMILY OR CASING THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA [B1990] FTC: M0113 BEAN OIL INTERACTED BT: TEXTILE OR FABRIC CON- WITH MONO- AND DI- TETRAPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE TAINER [M0157] GLYCERIDES OF FATTY FTC: B3303 ACIDS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TEXTURED FTC: B3306 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: H0192 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 450 MODIFIED [H0130] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 450 SN: Modified through physical UF: E 479b and/or chemical treatment to UF: INS 479b TETRAPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE promote or affect the tactile ADDED quality and appearance of a THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA FTC: H0728 food product. BEAN OIL INTERACTED BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, WITH MONO- AND DI- EUROPEAN COMMU- TEXTURIZER GLYCERIDES OF FATTY NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: A0448 ACIDS ADDED TARIUS [H0399] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, FTC: H0731 UF: E 450 added CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 450 added [A0351] EUROPEAN COMMU- AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- tetrapturus spp. per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome TARIUS [H0399] USE: MARLIN [B1243] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: E 479b added UF: INS 479b added TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE thai ginger FTC: B3304 USE: GREATER GALANGAL THERMOPLASTIC ADHESIVE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- [B2601] FTC: M0229 PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX BT: ADHESIVE [M0221] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] THAI PEPPER UF: E 450 FTC: B2564 THERMOPLASTIC SHEET OR UF: INS 450 BT: HOT PEPPER [B1643] CONTAINER UF: pepper, thai FTC: M0358 TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, AC- ADDED thaididae CORDING TO TYPE OF FTC: H0729 USE: ROCK SHELL SNAIL [B2322] PLASTIC [M0357] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMU- THAILAND THERMOSETTING POLYMER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: TH CONTAINER TARIUS [H0399] BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] FTC: M0382 UF: E 450 added BT: PLASTIC CONTAINER, AC- UF: INS 450 added thailand snapper CORDING TO TYPE OF USE: JOHN'S SNAPPER [B2313] PLASTIC [M0357] TETRODOTOXIC POISONING FTC: TDFP THAUMATIN THIABENDAZOLE BT: HACCP GUIDE [HA00] FTC: B3305 FTC: B3307 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- teuthoidea PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: SQUID [B1205] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: E 957 UF: E 233 TEXAS UF: INS 957 UF: INS 233 FTC: US48 BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES THAUMATIN ADDED THIABENDAZOLE ADDED [US64] FTC: H0730 FTC: H0732 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TEXTILE OR FABRIC EUROPEAN COMMU- EUROPEAN COMMU- FTC: N0045 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TARIUS [H0399] TARIUS [H0399] UF: E 957 added UF: E 233 added

230 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

UF: INS 233 added threadfin, indian UF: sweetbreads USE: INDIAN THREADFIN [B2188] THIAMINE ADDED thymus serpyllum FTC: H0309 threadfish USE: THYME, WILD [B1173] BT: VITAMIN B ADDED [H0216] USE: AFRICAN POMPANO UF: vitamin B1 added [B2147] thymus vulgaris SN: Used when thiamine is added USE: THYME [B1199] at any level. Always use this THREE-PART CAN term for enriched flour or rice, FTC: M0217 thynnus pelamis enriched bakery products, BT: CAN [M0204] USE: SKIPJACK TUNA [B1376] and enriched macaroni or noodle products. (21 CFR thunnus thyrsites atun 137. 610(a), 21 CFR USE: TUNA [B1269] USE: SNAKE MACKEREL [B2185] 136.115(a)(1), and others). thunnus alalunga thysandoessa inermis THICKBACK SOLE USE: ALBACORE [B1506] USE: KRILL [B2844] FTC: B2709 BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] thunnus albacares tiger nut UF: microchirus variegatus USE: YELLOWFIN TUNA [B1074] USE: CHUFA [B2159] thickener thunnus atlanticus tight-skinned orange USE: STABILIZER, THICKENER USE: BLACKFIN TUNA [B1070] USE: ORANGE [B1339] OR GELLING AGENT [A0319] thunnus germo TILAPIA USE: ALBACORE [B1506] FTC: B2434 THICKENER BT: CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] FTC: A0350 thunnus maccoyii UF: tilapia spp. BT: FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFI- USE: SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA CATION, EUROPEAN [B1003] tilapia aurea COMMUNITY [A0324] USE: BLUE TILAPIA [B1832] AI: Substance that increases the thunnus obesus viscosity of a foodstuff. Euro- USE: BIGEYE TUNA [B1069] tilapia mossambica pean Council Directive USE: MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA 95/2/EC. thunnus thynnus [B1833] USE: BLUEFIN TUNA [B1120] THICKENING AGENT tilapia nilotica FTC: A0449 thunnus tonggol USE: NILE TILAPIA [B1834] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, USE: LONGTAIL TUNA [B1004] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS tilapia spp. [A0351] thymallus arcticus USE: TILAPIA [B2434] AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- USE: ARCTIC GRAYLING [B2860] per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome tilapia, blue 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 thymallus thymallus USE: BLUE TILAPIA [B1832] USE: GRAYLING [B2711] thicklip bream tilapia, mozambique USE: PAINTED SWEETLIPS THYME USE: MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA [B2566] FTC: B1199 [B1833] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- THIGH (POULTRY MEAT CUT) PRODUCING PLANT tilapia, nile FTC: Z0160 [B1179] USE: NILE TILAPIA [B1834] BT: CUT OF POULTRY MEAT UF: thyme, common [Z0156] UF: thyme, white TILEFISH UF: thymus vulgaris FTC: B1520 thigh meat, poultry BT: TILEFISH FAMILY [B1923] USE: DARK MEAT [Z0002] thyme, common UF: caulolatilus spp. USE: THYME [B1199] thixotropic (state) TILEFISH FAMILY USE: SEMISOLID [E0144] thyme, spanish FTC: B1923 USE: SPANISH THYME [B2134] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] thompson seedless grape UF: branchiostegidae USE: GRAPE, THOMPSON thyme, white UF: malacanthidae SEEDLESS [B1045] USE: THYME [B1199] tilia spp. THREAD HERRING THYME, WILD USE: LINDEN [B2051] FTC: B1239 FTC: B1173 BT: HERRING FAMILY [B1124] BT: THYME [B1199] TIMOTHY UF: opisthonema spp. UF: thymus serpyllum FTC: B2331 BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD thread herring, atlantic THYMUS SOURCE [B1347] USE: ATLANTIC THREAD HER- FTC: C0273 UF: phelum pratense RING [B1851] BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER SYSTEMS [C0255] TIN THREADFIN FAMILY FTC: N0043 FTC: B2253 THYMUS OR PANCREAS BT: METAL [N0041] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: C0109 UF: polynemidae BT: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] tin can UF: pancreas or thymus LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 231

USE: STEEL PLATE CONTAINER FTC: B3309 FTC: B1039 [M0189] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX PRODUCING PLANT TIN PLATE CONTAINER ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [B1179] FTC: M0176 UF: E 306 BT: STEEL PLATE CONTAINER UF: INS 306 toor [M0189] USE: YELLOW PEA [B2414] TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT TIN SOLDER ADDED TOOTH DECAY-RELATED CLAIM FTC: M0263 FTC: H0734 OR USE BT: SEAL/GASKET [M0257] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: P0125 EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: HEALTH-RELATED CLAIM tinca tinca NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- OR USE [P0124] USE: TENCH [B1906] TARIUS [H0399] UF: does not promote tooth decay UF: E 306 added claim or use TINLESS STEEL PLATE CON- UF: INS 306 added TAINER TOOTH-BRUSH TREE FTC: M0149 toddler food FTC: B2814 BT: STEEL PLATE CONTAINER USE: INFANT OR TODDLER BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [M0189] FOOD [P0020] CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: pachylobus balsamiflora tiostrea lutaria tofu dessert, frozen UF: pachylobus trimera USE: NEW ZEALAND DREDGE USE: FROZEN TOFU DESSERT UF: santiria OYSTER [B2690] [A0307] UF: santiria trimera tip tofu frozen dessert TOP SHELL USE: SPEAR OR SHOOT [C0186] USE: FROZEN TOFU DESSERT FTC: B2321 [A0307] BT: ARCHAEOGASTROPOD TISSUE PAPER CONTAINER [B1002] FTC: M0339 TOGO UF: nonodonta turbinata BT: PAPER CONTAINER, UN- FTC: TG UF: cornutus TREATED [M0334] BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] SN: Porous, wet-strength paper, TOPE SHARK e.g. tea bag.' TOKELAU FTC: B2525 FTC: TK BT: REQUIEM SHARK FAMILY TITANIUM DIOXIDE BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS [B1916] FTC: B3308 [QU] UF: galeorhinus galeus BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: grey shark PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX tomatillo UF: greyboy ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: MEXICAN HUSK TOMATO UF: E 171 [B2015] torchwood UF: INS 171 USE: DESERT DATE [B2837] TOMATO TITANIUM DIOXIDE ADDED FTC: B1276 tossa jute FTC: H0733 BT: FRUIT USED AS VEGETA- USE: NALTA JUTE [B1731] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BLE [B1006] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: gold apple total edible meat part NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: love apple USE: SKELETAL MEAT PART, TARIUS [H0399] UF: lycopersicon esculentum WITHOUT BONE AND SKIN, UF: E 171 added UF: lycopersicon lycopersicum WITH SEPARABLE FAT UF: INS 171 added UF: solanum lycopersicum [C0269]

TOADFISH TOMATO ADDED towel gourd FTC: B2187 FTC: H0350 USE: DISHCLOTH GOURD BT: TOADFISH FAMILY [B2264] BT: VEGETABLE ADDED [B1721] UF: opsanus [H0212] SN: Used for special studies only. trachichthodes affinis TOADFISH FAMILY USE: ALFONSINO [B2883] FTC: B2264 tomato, corn and lima beans BT: FISH, BATRACHOIDIFORM USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH trachichthyidae [B2200] [B1606] USE: SLIMEHEAD FAMILY UF: batrachoididae [B1942] tomato, sweet corn and lima beans TOASTED USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH trachinidae FTC: G0010 [B1606] USE: WEEVERFISH FAMILY BT: COOKED BY DRY HEAT [B2291] [G0004] TONGA SN: Cooked with direct heat until FTC: TO trachinotus carolinus the surface of the food is BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: FLORIDA POMPANO browned, usually associated [QU] [B1780] with bread or sandwiches. TONGUE trachinotus glaucus tobago FTC: C0189 USE: PALOMETA [B2490] USE: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BT: ORGAN MEAT, OTHER [TT] SYSTEMS [C0255] trachinotus spp. USE: POMPANO [B1475] TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT TONKA

232 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus trachurus declivis listed here have been applied BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: JACK MACKEREL [B1090] to a food product. If it is EUROPEAN COMMU- known that no treatment was NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- trachurus murphyi applied, use *NO TREAT- TARIUS [H0399] USE: INCA SCAD [B2901] MENT APPLIED*. UF: E 341 added UF: INS 341 added trachurus novaezelandiae TREE FERN USE: JACK MACKEREL [B1090] FTC: B1750 trichilia emetica BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING USE: MAFURRA [B2329] trachurus symmetricus PLANT, MOST PARTS USE: JACK MACKEREL [B1090] USED [B1058] trichilia spp. USE: BITTERWOOD [B2793] trachurus trachurus tree sorrel USE: ATLANTIC HORSE MACK- USE: BILIMBI [B2513] trichiurus lepturus EREL [B1166] USE: ATLANTIC CUTLASSFISH TREE TOMATO [B2861] trachyrhynchus longirostris FTC: B2016 USE: UNICORN RATTAIL [B2913] BT: TOMATO [B1276] trichiurus spp. UF: cyphomandra betacea USE: CUTLASSFISH [B1154] trachyspermum copticum UF: tamarillo USE: AJOWAN [B2515] trichodon spp. TREVALLY USE: SANDFISH [B2568] TRAGACANTH FTC: B2651 FTC: B3310 BT: JACK FAMILY [B1755] trichodontidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: ulua USE: SANDFISH FAMILY [B2569] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE trichopsis UF: E 413 FTC: B3311 USE: GOURAMI [B2423] UF: INS 413 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TRICHOSCYPHA TRAGACANTH ADDED ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B2820 FTC: H0735 UF: E 380 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: INS 380 CAL FRUIT [B1024] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: trichoscypha spp. NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE ADDED TARIUS [H0399] FTC: H0736 trichoscypha spp. UF: E 413 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: TRICHOSCYPHA [B2820] UF: INS 413 added EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TRIETHYL CITRATE TRAGACANTH GUM ADDED TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B3314 FTC: H0382 UF: E 380 added BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: PLANT EXUDATE GUM UF: INS 380 added PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ADDED [H0379] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: gum tragacanth added TRIANGLE TANNER CRAB UF: E 1505 SN: Used when tragacanth gum is FTC: B2224 UF: INS 1505 added at any level. BT: SPIDER CRAB FAMILY [B2222] TRIETHYL CITRATE ADDED tragopogon porrifolius UF: chionoecetes angulatus FTC: H0739 USE: SALSIFY [B1551] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, TRICALCIUM CITRATE EUROPEAN COMMU- TRANCHE (MEAT CUT) FTC: B3312 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: Z0139 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- TARIUS [H0399] BT: CUISSE [Z0136] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX UF: E 1505 added SN: Includes tende de ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] UF: INS 1505 added tranche/milieu de gite, ronde UF: E 333 de tranche, poire, merlan, UF: INS 333 trifolium pratense araignee, etc. USE: RED CLOVER [B2333] TRICALCIUM CITRATE ADDED TRANCHE GRASSE FTC: H0737 trifolium spp. FTC: Z0140 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USE: CLOVER [B1254] BT: CUISSE [Z0136] EUROPEAN COMMU- NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- TRIGGERFISH travelle TARIUS [H0399] FTC: B2131 USE: BLUE WAREHOU [B2304] UF: E 333 added BT: LEATHERJACKET FAMILY UF: INS 333 added [B2138] TRAY UF: balistides FTC: M0219 TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- FTC: B3313 trigla gurnardus PING BY FORM [M0195] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: GREY GURNARD [B2703] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TREATMENT APPLIED NOT ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] triglidae KNOWN UF: E 341 USE: SEAROBIN FAMILY [B2235] FTC: H0001 UF: INS 341 BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED trigonella foenum-graecum [H0111] TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED USE: FENUGREEK [B1696] SN: Used when it is not known FTC: H0738 whether any of the treatments trinectes inscriptus LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 233

USE: SCRAWLED SOLE [B2287] FTC: B3316 USE: SPELT [B2917] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- trinectes maculatus PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX triticum turgidum var. durum USE: HOGCHOKER [B2289] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] USE: DURUM WHEAT [B1079] UF: E 340 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO UF: INS 340 TROPICAL CLIMATIC ZONE FTC: TT FTC: CLZ01 BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE BT: CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] [QO01] ADDED UF: tobago FTC: H0741 TROPICAL DRY CLIMATIC ZONE BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: CLZ03 TRIPE EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: TROPICAL CLIMATIC ZONE FTC: C0192 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- [CLZ01] BT: RUMINANT STOMACH TARIUS [H0399] [C0224] UF: E 340 added TROPICAL OR SUBTROPICAL SN: The stomach of a beef cow. UF: INS 340 added FRUIT FTC: B1024 TRIPLE SUCCOTASH TRISODIUM CITRATE BT: FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B1606 FTC: B3317 [B1140] BT: TOMATO [B1276] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: corn, lima beans and toma- PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TROPICAL OR SUBTROPICAL NUT toes ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1022 UF: lima bean, corn and tomatoes UF: E 331 BT: NUT [B1213] UF: lima bean, sweet corn and UF: INS 331 tomatoes TROPICAL REEF UF: tomato, corn and lima beans TRISODIUM CITRATE ADDED FTC: TRO2 UF: tomato, sweet corn and lima FTC: H0742 BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] beans BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, UF: vegetable corn, lima bean EUROPEAN COMMU- TROPICAL WATERS and tomato NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: TRO1 TARIUS [H0399] BT: FISHING AREAS [AA] TRIPLE SUCCOTASH UF: E 331 added FTC: B1606 UF: INS 331 added TROPICAL WET CLIMATIC ZONE BT: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] FTC: CLZ02 UF: corn, lima beans and toma- TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE BT: TROPICAL CLIMATIC ZONE toes FTC: B3318 [CLZ01] UF: lima bean, corn and tomatoes BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- UF: lima bean, sweet corn and PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX TROUT tomatoes ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] FTC: B1258 UF: tomato, corn and lima beans UF: E 450 BT: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] UF: tomato, sweet corn and lima UF: INS 450 UF: salmo except salmo salar beans UF: vegetable corn, lima bean TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED TROUT FAMILY and tomato FTC: H0743 FTC: B1129 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FISH, SALMONIFORM TRIPLE SUCCOTASH EUROPEAN COMMU- [B1592] FTC: B1606 NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: famille du saumon BT: LIMA BEAN [B1397] TARIUS [H0399] UF: salmonidae UF: corn, lima beans and toma- UF: E 450 added toes UF: INS 450 added trout, brown UF: lima bean, corn and tomatoes USE: BROWN TROUT [B1479] UF: lima bean, sweet corn and TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE tomatoes FTC: B3319 trout, rainbow UF: tomato, corn and lima beans BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- USE: RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] UF: tomato, sweet corn and lima PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX beans ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] TRUFFLE UF: vegetable corn, lima bean UF: E 339 FTC: B1387 and tomato UF: INS 339 BT: ASCOMYCETE [B2034]

TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED TRUMPETER FAMILY FTC: B3315 FTC: H0744 FTC: B1988 BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: latrididae ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: E 332 TARIUS [H0399] TUA TUA UF: INS 332 UF: E 339 added FTC: B2261 UF: INS 339 added BT: CLAM [B1331] TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE ADDED UF: amphidesma subtriangulatum FTC: H0740 TRITICALE UF: amphidesmatidae BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, FTC: B1358 UF: tairaka EUROPEAN COMMU- BT: GRAIN [B1324] NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: rye-wheat hybrid TUBE TARIUS [H0399] FTC: M0200 UF: E 332 added triticum aestivum, spelta group BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- UF: INS 332 added USE: SPELT [B2917] PING BY FORM [M0195] UF: collapsible tube TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE triticum spelta

234 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

TUBER USE: DRAWN CAN [M0216] FTC: C0308 TURKEY BT: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB FTC: TR TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST [C0238] BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] FTC: Z0071 AI: A short, thick- BT: PRESENCE OF CASING OR ened, fleshy part of an under- TURKEY (POULTRY) RIND [Z0102] ground stem, as a potato: FTC: B1236 new plants develop from the BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD TYPE OF SAUSAGE CASING buds, or eyes, that grow in the [B1563] FTC: Z0092 axils of the minute scale BT: PRESENCE OF CASING OR leaves of a tuber (Source: turkeyfish RIND [Z0102] Webster's) USE: PLUMED SCORPIONFISH [B2608] U.S. PROTECTORATES tuber, bulb or root FTC: US65 USE: ROOT, TUBER OR BULB TURKMENISTAN BT: UNITED STATES [US] [C0238] FTC: TM BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] u.s. virgin islands tullibee USE: VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) [VI] USE: LAKE HERRING [B1118] TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS FTC: TC uabano TUMBLE MUSTARD BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS USE: GUARANA [B2063] FTC: B1737 [QO01] BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE UF: caicos islands UAPACA [B1156] FTC: B2821 UF: sisymbrium altissimum TURMERIC BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- FTC: B1425 CAL FRUIT [B1024] tumeric BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- UF: uapaca paludosa USE: TURMERIC [B1425] PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] uapaca paludosa TUNA UF: curcuma domestica USE: UAPACA [B2821] FTC: B1269 UF: curcuma longa BT: MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] UF: tumeric UCUHUBA UF: euthynnus FTC: B1699 UF: germo TURNIP BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT UF: neothunnus FTC: B1238 [B1017] UF: parathunnus BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING UF: barak UF: thunnus PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: virola sebifera BULB USED [B1018] SN: Source--A Checklist of tuna (opuntia) UF: brassica rapa var. rapifera Names for 3,000 Vascular USE: PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] Plants of Economic Impor- TURNIP-ROOTED PARSLEY tance, 1986, p.148 (for scien- tuna, frigate FTC: B2734 tific name). USE: FRIGATE TUNA [B1787] BT: PARSLEY [B1550] UF: petroselinum crispum var. UGANDA tuna, yellowfin tuberosum FTC: UG USE: YELLOWFIN TUNA [B1074] BT: AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] turnover, sweetened TUNDRA CLIMATIC ZONE USE: PIE, SWEETENED [A0253] UGLI FRUIT FTC: CLZ16 FTC: B1502 BT: POLAR CLIMATIC ZONE turnover, unsweetened BT: CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] [CLZ15] USE: PASTRY, UNSWEETENED, FILLED [A0103] uht sterilized TUNISIA USE: STERILIZED AT ULTRA FTC: TN TURTLE HIGH TEMPERATURE BT: AFRICA, NORTHERN FTC: B1242 (UHT) [J0147] [QM03] BT: REPTILE [B1625] UF: chelonia UKRAINE tunka UF: malaclemys FTC: UA USE: CHINESE PRESERVING UF: terrapin BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] MELON [B1616] tusk ULTRAPASTEURIZED BY HEAT turbo cornutus USE: CUSK [B2143] FTC: J0148 USE: TOP SHELL [B2321] BT: PRESERVED BY HEAT tussilago farfara TREATMENT [J0120] TURBOT USE: COLTSFOOT [B1647] SN: When used to describe a FTC: B1240 dairy product, means that BT: LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAM- TUVALU such product shall have been ILY [B1879] FTC: TV thermally processed at or UF: scophthalmus maximus BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS above 138 degrees C. (280 [QU] degrees F.) for at least 2 sec- turbot, greenland UF: ellice islands onds, either before or after USE: GREENLAND TURBOT packaging so as to produce a [B1589] tv dinner product that has extended USE: MULTICOMPONENT MEAL shelf life under refrigerated TURKEY [A0139] conditions (21 CFR 131.3 FTC: TR (c)). Used to describe liquid BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] two-part can egg products that also have LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 235

been thermally processed, UNITED STATES but at a different temperature FTC: US uranosupidae than for milk products. The BT: NORTH AMERICA [QT] USE: STARGAZER FAMILY egg product will have an ex- [B2275] tended shelf life under refrig- UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLY- erated conditions. ING ISLANDS urd FTC: UM USE: BLACK GRAM BEAN ulua BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS [B1588] USE: TREVALLY [B2651] [QU] urdbean ulva spp. UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL USE: BLACK GRAM BEAN USE: SEA LETTUCE [B2476] CHLORIDE CONTAINER [B1588] FTC: M0379 UNBLEACHED CLAIM OR USE BT: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE urophycis chuss FTC: P0123 CONTAINER [M0378] USE: RED HAKE [B1442] BT: PROCESSING-RELATED UF: crystalline pvc container CLAIM OR USE [P0119] urophycis spp. UNPURIFIED OR UNREFINED USE: HAKE [B1291] uncooked or raw CLAIM OR USE USE: NOT HEAT-TREATED FTC: P0122 urophycis tenuis [F0003] BT: PROCESSING-RELATED USE: WHITE HAKE [B1840] CLAIM OR USE [P0119] UNCURED CHEESE UF: unrefined or unpurified claim ursa spp. FTC: A0185 or use USE: BEAR [B2406] BT: NATURAL CHEESE [A0187] UF: soft cheese unrefined or unpurified claim or use urtica spp. SN: Natural cheese that is not USE: UNPURIFIED OR UNRE- USE: NETTLE [B1674] cured or is cured for less than FINED CLAIM OR USE 7 days. It may undergo some [P0122] URUGUAY further processing, such as FTC: UY creaming. It is consumed UNRIPE OR IMMATURE BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] fresh and has a mild acid fla- FTC: Z0051 vor. Moisture max. 80%. In- BT: DEGREE OF PLANT MA- UTAH cludes such products as cot- TURITY [Z0050] FTC: US49 tage cheese, cream cheese SN: That stage of plant develop- BT: SOUTHWESTERN STATES and mozzarella cheese. ment at which a plant or plant [US64] part has not achieved full ma- undaria pinnatifida turity. This condition does not UTILITY GRADE USE: WAKAME [B1747] necessarily preclude utiliza- FTC: Z0014 tion, for example, green toma- BT: GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. UNDER GLASS/PROTECTED toes are consumed despite [Z0007] FTC: Z0211 their relative unripeness to BT: GROWING CONDITIONS red tomatoes. Use only if UZBEKISTAN [Z0207] ripeness is stated in in the FTC: UZ food name or label. BT: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] UNENRICHED CLAIM OR USE FTC: P0172 unsalted claim or use vaccinium corymbosum BT: VITAMIN- OR MINERAL- USE: NO SALT ADDED CLAIM OR USE: HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY RELATED CLAIM OR USE USE [P0078] [B2026] [P0095] unspecified material wrapping vaccinium macrocarpon unfilled crepe USE: WRAPPER, MATERIAL UN- USE: CRANBERRY [B1508] USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- SPECIFIED [M0211] SWEETENED [A0107] vaccinium myrtillus unsweetened bakery product USE: BILBERRY [B2013] UNICORN FILEFISH USE: BAKERY PRODUCT, UN- FTC: B2186 SWEETENED [A0107] vaccinium reticulatum BT: LEATHERJACKET FAMILY USE: OHELOBERRY [B1688] [B2138] UNSWEETENED CLAIM OR USE UF: aluterus monoceros FTC: P0105 vaccinium spp. UF: andora BT: SWEETENER-RELATED USE: BLUEBERRY [B1491] CLAIM OR USE [P0103] UNICORN RATTAIL vaccinium vitis-idaea var. minus FTC: B2913 UPLANDS CLIMATIC ZONE USE: LINGONBERRY (COW- BT: PIPEFISH FAMILY [B2573] FTC: CLZ20 BERRY) [B1019] UF: trachyrhynchus longirostris BT: HIGH ELEVATIONS CLI- MATIC ZONE [CLZ18] VACUUM-PACKED UNITED ARAB EMIRATES FTC: K0027 FTC: AE upper volta BT: K. PACKING MEDIUM BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] USE: BURKINA FASO [BF] [K0020] SN: Packed in a container under UNITED KINGDOM upside-down tree high vacuum (26-29 in.). FTC: GB USE: BAOBAB [B2759] BT: EUROPE, WESTERN valamugil engeli [QR04] urad USE: KANDA [B2305] UF: great britain USE: BLACK GRAM BEAN [B1588] valerianella olitoria

236 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

USE: LAMB'S LETTUCE [B1754] UF: golden corn vegetable parchment UF: sugar corn USE: GREASE PROOF PAPER VANGUERIOPSIS UF: sweet corn CONTAINER [M0337] FTC: B2932 UF: zea mays var. rugosa BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- VEGETABLE PICKLE CAL FRUIT [B1024] vegetable corn and lima bean FTC: A0271 UF: vangueriopsis lanciflora USE: SUCCOTASH [B1361] BT: VEGETABLE OR VEGETA- BLE PRODUCT [A0152] vangueriopsis lanciflora vegetable corn, lima bean and tomato UF: pickle, vegetable USE: VANGUERIOPSIS [B2932] USE: TRIPLE SUCCOTASH SN: Vegetable product prepared [B1606] by immersing vegetable in a VANILLA brine or an acid solution. Of- FTC: B1355 VEGETABLE CORN, WHITE ten this treatment induces BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- FTC: B1597 fermentation and/or other PRODUCING PLANT BT: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] changes in the product. [B1179] UF: sweet corn, white UF: french vanilla vegetable sponge UF: vanilla fragrans VEGETABLE CORN, YELLOW USE: DISHCLOTH GOURD FTC: B1595 [B1721] vanilla fragrans BT: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] USE: VANILLA [B1355] UF: sweet corn, yellow VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT FTC: B1579 VANUATU VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL ADDED BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD FTC: VU FTC: H0263 SOURCE [B1347] BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS BT: FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] [QU] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, UF: new hebrides VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL COATED ABOVE-GROUND PARTS FTC: H0334 USED variegated crayfish BT: FAT OR OIL COATED FTC: B1057 USE: PRONGHORN SPINY LOB- [H0233] BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING STER [B2202] PLANT [B1579] vegetable ivory palm variety meat USE: DOUM PALM [B2782] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, USE: ORGAN MEAT [C0218] MOST PARTS USED VEGETABLE JUICE FTC: B1058 VARNISHED TIN-PLATE CON- FTC: A0264 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING TAINER BT: VEGETABLE OR VEGETA- PLANT [B1579] FTC: M0310 BLE PRODUCT [A0152] BT: TIN PLATE CONTAINER UF: juice, vegetable VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, [M0176] SN: The liquid extracted or ex- ROOT, TUBER OR BULB pressed from mature vegeta- USED VATICAN CITY bles with or without optional FTC: B1018 FTC: VA ingredients such as season- BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING BT: EUROPE, SOUTHERN ing or salt. Products pre- PLANT [B1579] [QR03] pared from vegetable juice by UF: holy see thickening with gelatin or pec- velvet berry tin are indexed under the USE: VELVET TAMARIND [B2773] veal broader term *VEGETABLE USE: CALF [B1349] OR VEGETABLE PROD- velvet crab UCT*. For part or portion, in- USE: HAIRY CRAB [B2227] VEGETABLE ADDED dex the part or the plant from FTC: H0212 which the juice was extracted, VELVET TAMARIND BT: FOOD ADDED [H0180] rather than *PLANT EX- FTC: B2773 TRACT, CONCENTRATE, BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- VEGETABLE CARBON OR ISOLATE*. CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B3320 UF: dialium guineense BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- VEGETABLE MARROW UF: sierra leone tree PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FTC: B2031 UF: velvet berry ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] BT: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] UF: E 153 UF: marrow, vegetable VENDACE UF: INS 153 FTC: B2369 VEGETABLE OR VEGETABLE BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO VEGETABLE CARBON ADDED PRODUCT [B1565] FTC: H0745 FTC: A0152 UF: coregonus albula BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: FRUIT OR VEGETABLE EUROPEAN COMMU- PRODUCT [A0257] venerupis philippinarum NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- SN: Food vocabulary--Vegetables USE: JAPANESE LITTLENECK TARIUS [H0399] in all forms except where a CLAM [B2354] UF: E 153 added use-related product type de- UF: INS 153 added scriptior (such as VENEZUELA *PREPARED FOOD PROD- FTC: VE VEGETABLE CORN UCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) BT: SOUTH AMERICA [QV] FTC: B1380 takes precedence. BT: CORN [B1232] VENUS CLAM BT: CORN [B1232] vegetable orange FTC: B2890 UF: corn, sweet USE: MANGO MELON [B2042] BT: CLAM [B1331] UF: corn, vegetable UF: callista chione LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 237

UF: cythera chione BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- FTC: B2949 PING BY FORM [M0195] BT: STRAWBERRY [B1393] venus mercenaria USE: NORTHERN QUAHOG vicia virola sebifera [B1068] USE: VETCH [B2070] USE: UCUHUBA [B1699] venus mortoni vicia faba viscum album USE: HARD CLAM [B2193] USE: BROAD BEAN [B1367] USE: MISTLETOE [B2052]

VERMILION ROCKFISH VIET NAM VITAMIN A ADDED FTC: B1766 FTC: VN FTC: H0316 BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BT: ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] BT: VITAMIN A OR CARO- [B1084] TENES ADDED [H0213] UF: rockfish, vermilion vigna cylindrica UF: sebastes miniatus USE: CATJANG BEAN [B1919] VITAMIN A OR CAROTENES ADDED VERMONT vigna sesquipedalis FTC: H0213 FTC: US50 USE: YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] BT: VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] BT: NORTHEASTERN STATES [US62] vigna sinensis VITAMIN ADDED USE: COWPEA [B1200] FTC: H0163 verpa bohemica BT: NUTRIENT OR DIETARY USE: EARLY MOREL [B2024] vigna unguiculata SUBSTANCE ADDED USE: COWPEA [B1200] [H0194] VERY LOW SALT FOOD SN: Used when a vitamin is added FTC: P0085 vigna unguiculata for nutrient supplementation BT: VERY LOW SALT OR SO- USE: CATJANG BEAN [B1919] at any level. DIUM FOOD [P0036] SN: Food having less than 35 vigna unguiculata unguiculata VITAMIN B ADDED milligrams of salt per serving USE: BLACKEYED PEA [B1100] FTC: H0216 and per 100 grams of food. BT: VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] (U.S. proposed) vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis USE: YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] vitamin B1 added VERY LOW SALT OR SODIUM USE: THIAMINE ADDED [H0309] FOOD vine peach FTC: P0036 USE: MANGO MELON [B2042] vitamin b2 added BT: NO OR REDUCED SALT OR USE: RIBOFLAVIN ADDED SODIUM CLAIM OR USE vine spinach [H0310] [P0077] USE: MALABAR NIGHTSHADE UF: very low sodium or salt food [B1150] VITAMIN C ADDED SN: Food having 35 milligrams or FTC: H0215 less salt or sodium per VINEGAR BT: VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] amount customarily con- FTC: A0302 sumed (and per 50 grams if BT: CONDIMENT SAUCE VITAMIN D ADDED the amount customarily con- [A0263] FTC: H0214 sumed is small). Meals and SN: An acetic acid-containing BT: VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] main dishes contain 35 milli- liquid. Used as condiment or grams or less salt or sodium preservative in cooking, pick- VITAMIN E ADDED per 100 grams of food. ling and salad dressing prepa- FTC: H0217 ration; may be flavored with BT: VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] VERY LOW SODIUM FOOD herbs, vegetables or fruits. FTC: P0153 Natural vinegar is made by VITAMIN- OR MINERAL-RELATED BT: VERY LOW SALT OR SO- fermenting cider, wine, etc. CLAIM OR USE DIUM FOOD [P0036] FTC: P0095 SN: Food having 35 milligrams or VINYLIDENE BT: NUTRITION-RELATED less sodium per amount cus- FTC: N0029 CLAIM OR USE [P0065] tomarily consumed (and per BT: PLASTIC [N0036] UF: mineral- or vitamin-related 50 grams of food if the SN: Pvdc claim or use amount customarily con- sumed is small). Meals and VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH) VITEX main dishes contain 35 milli- FTC: VG FTC: B2933 grams or less sodium per 100 BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- grams food. [QO01] CAL FRUIT [B1024] UF: british virgin islands UF: vitex spp. very low sodium or salt food USE: VERY LOW SALT OR SO- VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) vitex doniana DIUM FOOD [P0036] FTC: VI USE: BLACK PLUM [B2920] BT: CARIBBEAN ISLANDS VETCH [QO01] vitex spp. FTC: B2070 UF: u.s. virgin islands USE: VITEX [B2933] BT: POD OR SEED VEGETABLE [B1156] VIRGINIA vitis UF: tare FTC: US51 USE: GRAPE [B1329] UF: vicia BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES [US60] vitis aestivalis VIAL USE: GRAPE, ONDERDONK FTC: M0201 VIRGINIA STRAWBERRY [B2124]

238 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: MARINE MAMMAL [B1122] vitis labrusca UF: odobenus rosmarus water buffalo, asian USE: GRAPE, FOX [B2001] USE: ASIAN WATER BUFFALO warehou family [B2095] vitis labrusca var. concord USE: RUFF FAMILY [B2679] USE: GRAPE, CONCORD [B2122] WATER CHESTNUT WARM SUMMER CLIMATIC ZONE FTC: B1026 vitis labruscana FTC: CLZ12 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING USE: GRAPE, FOX [B2001] BT: CONTINENTAL CLIMATIC PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR ZONE [CLZ11] BULB USED [B1018] vitis rotundifolia UF: chinese water chestnut USE: GRAPE, MUSCADINE WASABI UF: eleocharis dulcis [B2123] FTC: B2236 UF: ma-tai water chestnut BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- vitis vinifera PRODUCING PLANT water extract of plant or animal USE: GRAPE, EUROPEAN [B1179] USE: BROTH OR STOCK [C0170] [B2121] UF: eutrema wasabi UF: japanese horseradish WATER ICE volvariella volvacea UF: wasabia japonica FTC: A0230 USE: STRAW MUSHROOM BT: FROZEN NONDAIRY DES- [B1637] wasabia japonica SERT [A0206] USE: WASABI [B2236] SN: Frozen non-dairy dessert waffle or pancake prepared by freezing, while USE: PANCAKE OR WAFFLE washed or brushed cheese rind stirring, a mixture of water, [A0194] USE: CHEESE RIND, WASHED nutritive sweeteners and fla- OR BRUSHED [Z0072] vorings; the mix may or may WAHOO not be pasteurized. Must not FTC: B1630 WASHINGTON contain milk or milk-derived BT: MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] FTC: US53 ingredients, egg yolk or food UF: acanthocybium solandri BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] fats. The optional flavor in- gredients are specified in 21 WAKAME washington, d.c. CFR 135.140(d) and (e). FTC: B1747 USE: DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BT: KELP [B1744] [US11] WATER MIMOSA UF: undaria pinnatifida FTC: B2445 WATER BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING FTC: B1217 PLANT [B1579] FTC: GB03 BT: LIQUID AS FOOD SOURCE BT: UNITED KINGDOM [GB] [B2974] water oats SN: Potable water. water is in- USE: WILD RICE [B1375] WALLEYE PIKE dexed as a food source if it is FTC: B1398 the only ingredient or if the WATER REMOVED BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] product is a soft drink. FTC: H0138 UF: stizostedion vitreum BT: WATER ADDED OR RE- UF: stizostedion vitreum vitreum WATER ADDED MOVED [H0254] UF: yellow pike FTC: H0148 SN: Used for a liquid or solid BT: WATER ADDED OR RE- product from which a signifi- WALLEYE POLLOCK MOVED [H0254] cant amount of water (25% or FTC: B1843 UF: diluted more of the original weight of BT: POLLOCK [B1440] SN: Used for a liquid or solid the water) has been removed. UF: alaska pollock product to which water was If dehydration is the primary UF: pollock, walleye added beyond its natural wa- preservation method, also in- UF: theragra chalcogramma ter level. If a single-strength dex *DEHYDRATED OR standard for the product ex- DRIED*. For soups that re- WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS ists, use the appropriate nar- quire the addition of water, FTC: WF rower term under *WATER use the appropriate narrower BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS ADDED*. term regardless of whether [QU] water was removed or not. Do UF: futuna islands WATER ADDED OR REMOVED not use for products that have FTC: H0254 been rehydrated. WALNUT BT: H. TREATMENT APPLIED FTC: B1290 [H0111] WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTI- BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT SN: Used when water is added or TUTION RATIO 1 PLUS 1 [B1017] removed in order to change FTC: H0114 UF: juglans spp. the total solids-to-liquids ratio BT: WATER REMOVED [H0138] of a food product. UF: condensed WALNUT FTC: B1290 water apple WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTI- BT: TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT USE: WATER ROSEAPPLE TUTION RATIO 2 PLUS 1 [B1062] [B2777] FTC: H0113 UF: juglans spp. BT: WATER REMOVED [H0138] WATER BERRY UF: concentrated, 20-40 degrees walnut, chinese FTC: B2830 brix USE: CHINESE WALNUT [B2616] BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- CAL FRUIT [B1024] WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTI- WALRUS UF: eugenia guineensis TUTION RATIO 3 PLUS 1 FTC: B2090 UF: syzygium guineense OR HIGHER LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 239

FTC: H0112 USE: DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS BT: WATER REMOVED [H0138] OR WEDGES [E0107] WHEAT ADDED UF: concentrated, 40 degrees brix FTC: H0319 or higher WEEVERFISH FAMILY BT: GRAIN ADDED [H0152] FTC: B2291 water rose BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] WHEAT GERM ADDED USE: WATER ROSEAPPLE UF: trachinidae FTC: H0222 [B2777] BT: WHEAT ADDED [H0319] WELSH ONION WATER ROSEAPPLE FTC: B2418 WHEATGRASS FTC: B2777 BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING FTC: B2362 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- PLANT, MOST PARTS BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD CAL FRUIT [B1024] USED [B1058] SOURCE [B1347] UF: eugenia aqua UF: allium fistulosum UF: agropyron spicatum UF: jambu fruit UF: japanese bunching onion UF: syzgium aqueum UF: spanish onion WHELK UF: water apple FTC: B1633 UF: water rose west africa BT: NEOGASTROPOD [B1010] USE: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] UF: buccinum spp. WATERCRESS UF: busycon spp. FTC: B1492 west african sweet orange UF: neptunea spp. BT: LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] USE: ORANGE [B1339] UF: nasturtium officinale WHEY west indian cherry FTC: C0244 WATERMELON USE: ACEROLA [B1360] BT: MILK OR MILK COMPO- FTC: B1391 NENT [C0113] BT: MELON [B1283] west indian lemongrass SN: The serum or watery part of UF: citrullus lanatus USE: LEMON GRASS [B2273] milk that is separated from UF: citrullus vulgaris the thicker or more coagu- UF: colocynthis citrullus WEST VIRGINIA lable part or curd, espcially in UF: cucurbita citrullus FTC: US54 the process of making UF: datiro BT: MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES cheese; it contains lactose, UF: edible seed melon [US60] minerals and lactalbumin. UF: equisi UF: kaffir melon western asia WHEY ADDED UF: momordica lanata USE: ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] FTC: H0260 BT: MILK OR MILK PRODUCT WAX WESTERN AUSTRALIAN GIZZARD ADDED [H0297] FTC: N0015 SHAD BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FTC: B2324 whipped FROM HUMAN-MADE MA- BT: SHAD [B1348] USE: AERATED BY WHIPPING TERIAL [N0051] UF: fluvialosa vlaminghi [H0358] SN: Wax may be applied directly UF: nematalosa vlaminghi as a coating to the food prod- WHIPPED EGG WHITE ADDED uct or may be used as a con- western oyster FTC: H0365 tainer material. Examples in- USE: OLYMPIA OYSTER [B1958] BT: EGG WHITE ADDED clude wax-coated cheese, [H0205] wax-coated cucumber, waxed WESTERN SAHARA fiberboard container, etc. FTC: EH whipped topping BT: AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] USE: CREAM PRODUCT ANA- WAX BEAN LOG [A0123] FTC: B1351 WESTERN SAMOA BT: PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, FTC: WS whipping cream EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR BT: PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS USE: LIGHT WHIPPING CREAM [B1060] [QU] [C0154] UF: samoa, western WAX CONTAINER white apple FTC: M0209 WESTERN STATES USE: WHITE STAR APPLE BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- FTC: US66 [B2764] PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] BT: UNITED STATES [US] WHITE ASPARAGUS wax gourd WETTING AGENT FTC: B1603 USE: CHINESE PRESERVING FTC: A0450 BT: ASPARAGUS [B1415] MELON [B1616] BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS white ball rubber WAXED PAPER CONTAINER [A0351] USE: WHITE RUBBER VINE FTC: M0333 AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- [B2809] BT: PAPER CONTAINER, per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome TREATED [M0330] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 WHITE BASS FTC: B1764 WEAKFISH WHALE BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY FTC: B1526 FTC: B1343 [B1184] BT: DRUM FAMILY [B2005] BT: MARINE MAMMAL [B1122] UF: bass, white UF: cynoscion regalis UF: morone chrysops UF: seatrout (weakfish) WHEAT FTC: B1312 WHITE CATFISH wedge-shaped BT: GRAIN [B1324] FTC: B2183

240 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: CATFISH [B2620] whitefish, lake UF: ictalurus catus WHITE RUBBER VINE USE: LAKE WHITEFISH [B1907] FTC: B2809 WHITE CROAKER BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- WHITELEG SHRIMP FTC: B2281 CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: B2234 BT: CROAKER [B1794] UF: landolphia owariensis BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY UF: croaker, white UF: white ball rubber [B1081] UF: genyonemus lineatus SN: Common name verified A UF: pacific white shrimp Checklist of Names for 3000 UF: penaeus vannamei WHITE CURRANT Vascular Plants of Economic FTC: B2752 Importance, p.84. WHITE-TAILED DEER BT: CURRANT [B1528] FTC: B1537 UF: ribes rubrum cv. WHITE SEABASS BT: DEER [B1583] UF: ribes sativum cv. FTC: B1187 UF: odocoileus virginianus BT: SEATROUT [B2657] WHITE FISH FLESH UF: cynoscion nobilis WHITING FTC: Z0056 FTC: B1640 BT: COLOR OF FISH FLESH white seatrout BT: COD FAMILY [B1835] [Z0055] USE: SAND SEATROUT [B1104] UF: frostfish SN: This designation is limited to UF: marling the species thunnus germo WHITE SHRIMP UF: merluccius spp. (albacore); the flesh is not FTC: B1149 darker than munsell value 6.3 BT: PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY whiting, southern blue (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4)(i)). [B1081] USE: SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING UF: northern white shrimp [B1836] white goosefoot UF: penaeus setiferus USE: LAMB'S QUARTER [B1681] UF: white shrimp WHOLE FTC: E0131 white gourd white shrimp BT: SOLID [E0151] USE: CHINESE PRESERVING USE: WHITE SHRIMP [B1149] SN: Refers to natural or formed MELON [B1616] shape as appropriate, regard- WHITE STAR APPLE less of size, which may vary WHITE HAKE FTC: B2764 from very large (e.g., beef FTC: B1840 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- carcass) to very small (e.g., BT: HAKE [B1291] CAL FRUIT [B1024] poppy seed, yeast cell). UF: hake, white UF: chrysophyllum albidum UF: urophycis tenuis UF: white apple WHOLE AND PIECES FTC: E0104 WHITE LEPIOTA WHITE STURGEON BT: SOLID [E0151] FTC: B2117 FTC: B1973 BT: MUSHROOM [B1467] BT: STURGEON FAMILY WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST PARTS UF: lepiota naucina [B1897] USED UF: leucoagricus naucina UF: acipenser transmontanus FTC: C0173 UF: smooth lepiota BT: ANIMAL BODY OR BODY WHITE SUCKER PART [C0127] WHITE MULBERRY FTC: B2402 SN: Used when the entire animal FTC: B2954 BT: SUCKER FAMILY [B1892] body is the food source. Head BT: MULBERRY [B1501] UF: buffalo fish (catostomus) or tail may have been re- UF: catostomus commersoni moved. Use the appropriate WHITE MULLET narrower term depending on FTC: B1786 WHITE SUGAR the presence or absence of BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] FTC: C0157 skin, feathers, scales, fins UF: blueback mullet BT: SUCROSE [C0210] and/or entrails. The body may UF: mugil curema SN: Highly refined crystalline have been cut into pieces or UF: mullet, white sugar that appears white in disintegrated. color. white pepper WHOLE ANIMAL, SKINNED, DE- USE: PEPPER, WHITE [B1141] WHITE TREVALLY FEATHERED OR SCALED, FTC: B2238 EVISCERATED WHITE PERCH BT: TREVALLY [B2651] FTC: C0120 FTC: B1152 BT: WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY WHITE WAREHOU PARTS USED [C0173] [B1184] FTC: B2894 UF: morone americana BT: RUFF FAMILY [B2679] WHOLE ANIMAL, SKINNED, DE- UF: seriolella caerulee FEATHERED OR SCALED, WHITE POMFRET NOT EVISCERATED FTC: B1927 WHITEFISH FTC: C0147 BT: BUTTERFISH FAMILY FTC: B2687 BT: WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST [B1827] BT: WHITEFISH OR CISCO PARTS USED [C0173] UF: stromateus cinereus [B1565] UF: coregonus spp. WHOLE ANIMAL, WITH SKIN, white potato FEATHERS OR SCALES, USE: POTATO [B1218] WHITEFISH OR CISCO EVISCERATED FTC: B1565 FTC: C0105 white pumpkin BT: TROUT FAMILY [B1129] BT: WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST USE: CHINESE PRESERVING UF: cisco or whitefish PARTS USED [C0173] MELON [B1616] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 241

SN: Animal body with skin, feath- (20 degrees C.). Examples of BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ers or scales from which the whole formed products are: CAL FRUIT [B1024] internal organs have been whole cheese, apple pie, loaf UF: annona chrysophylla removed and the internal cav- of unsliced bread, noodle, UF: annona porpetac ity cleaned. Some or all of the yeast tablet and cornflake. UF: annona senegalensis organs are sold with the car- UF: annona senegalensis var. cass. WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY latifolia FORMING, THICKNESS <0.3 UF: annona senegalensis var. WHOLE ANIMAL, WITH SKIN, CM. porpetac FEATHERS OR SCALES, FTC: E0153 UF: wild bullock's heart NOT EVISCERATED BT: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED UF: wild soursop FTC: C0275 BY FORMING [E0147] BT: WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST WILD GRAPE PARTS USED [C0173] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FTC: B2825 FORMING, THICKNESS >7 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- WHOLE EGG CM. CAL FRUIT [B1024] FTC: C0274 FTC: E0146 UF: broom druif BT: EGG [C0194] BT: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED UF: grape, wild BY FORMING [E0147] UF: lannea edulis WHOLE EGG IN SHELL UF: lannea velutuna FTC: C0128 WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY UF: odina edulis BT: WHOLE EGG [C0274] FORMING, THICKNESS 0.3- SN: The egg shell functions as a 1.5 CM. wild marjoram container. Therefore, the FTC: E0140 USE: OREGANO [B1542] physical state of a raw egg in BT: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED the shell is *LIQUID, HIGH BY FORMING [E0147] wild mushroom VISCOSITY, WITH NO VISI- UF: crumbs achieved by forming USE: MUSHROOM [B1467] BLE PARTICLES*. UF: granule, food UF: pellet, food WILD OR GATHERED WHOLE EGG WITHOUT SHELL UF: tablet, food FTC: Z0153 FTC: C0225 BT: AGRICULTURAL PRODUC- BT: WHOLE EGG [C0274] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY TION ENVIRONMENT FORMING, THICKNESS 1.5- [Z0152] whole grain 7 CM. UF: gathered or wild USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN FTC: E0105 SN: Used for food such as gath- PRESENT, GERM PRE- BT: WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED ered tropical fruit, wild blue- SENT [C0133] BY FORMING [E0147] berries, wild game, etc. whole kernel whortleberry (vaccinium corybosum) WILD PLUM USE: SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN USE: HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY FTC: B2670 PRESENT, GERM PRE- [B2026] BT: PLUM [B1206] SENT [C0133] UF: american plum wi tree UF: august plum WHOLE PLANT OR MOST PARTS USE: AMBARELLA [B1284] UF: goose plum USED UF: hog plum (prunus) FTC: C0150 wide-necked bottle UF: prunus americana BT: PART OF PLANT [C0174] USE: JAR [M0215] UF: yellow plum

WHOLE, NATURAL SHAPE wide-necked jar wild plum (carissa edulis) FTC: E0150 USE: JAR [M0215] USE: ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] BT: WHOLE [E0131] SN: Whole refers not only to a WIDOW ROCKFISH WILD RICE whole plant or animal but also FTC: B1776 FTC: B1375 to a whole part as indexed in BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY BT: GRAIN [B1324] C. PART OF PLANT OR [B1084] UF: rice, wild ANIMAL; examples of whole UF: rockfish, widow UF: water oats natural products are: an ap- UF: sebastes entomelas UF: zizania spp. ple, rice in grain form, an as- paragus spear, a spinach WILD APRICOT wild soursop leaf, a beef carcass, a FTC: B2791 USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE dressed chicken, a chicken BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [B2762] drumstick, a calf liver. Prod- CAL FRUIT [B1024] ucts may have been slightly WINE OR WINE-LIKE PRODUCT, .5- modified during processing wild black cherry 24% ALCOHOL and preservation (e.g., raisins USE: BLACK CHERRY [B2479] FTC: A0297 or a pear that has been BT: ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE peeled and cored). wild bullock's heart [A0278] USE: WILD CUSTARD APPLE SN: Alcoholic beverage produced WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY [B2762] by the normal fermentation of FORMING the juice of grapes or other FTC: E0147 WILD CAIA fruits or of the fermentable BT: WHOLE [E0131] FTC: B2272 parts of plants or plant-related UF: stick, formed BT: OIL-PRODUCING PLANT products; may contain certain SN: Used only for solid food prod- [B1017] optional ingredients. Contains ucts, i.e. hard or soft products between .5-24% alcohol. capable of retaining a definite WILD CUSTARD APPLE shape at room temperature FTC: B2762 WINE, 7-24% ALCOHOL

242 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FTC: A0205 BT: PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, WRASSE FAMILY BT: WINE OR WINE-LIKE EXCLUDING FRUIT AND FTC: B2277 PRODUCT, .5-24% ALCO- SEED [C0144] BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] HOL [A0297] AI: The hard, fibrous UF: labridae SN: Alcoholic beverage produced substance beneath the bark by the normal fermentation of in the stems and branches of wreath chili pepper the juice of grapes or other trees and shrubs; xylem USE: NEW MEXICO RED PEP- fruits or of the fermentable (Source: Webster's) PER [B2558] parts of plants or plant-related products; may contain certain WOOD APPLE WRECKFISH optional ingredients. Contains FTC: B2845 FTC: B1432 between 7-24% alcohol by BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- BT: TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY volume (27 CFR 4.10). CAL FRUIT [B1024] [B1184] UF: elephant apple UF: polyprion americanus WING (POULTRY MEAT CUT) UF: feronia limonia FTC: Z0157 UF: indian wood apple WYOMING BT: CUT OF POULTRY MEAT FTC: US56 [Z0156] WOOD BARREL, CASK OR WHEEL BT: WESTERN STATES [US66] FTC: M0179 wing meat, poultry BT: WOOD CONTAINER XANTHAN GUM USE: LIGHT MEAT [Z0004] [M0174] FTC: B3321 UF: barrel BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- winged bean UF: wood cask PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX USE: GOA BEAN [B1726] ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] WOOD BLEWIT UF: E 415 winter savory FTC: B2522 UF: INS 415 USE: SAVORY, WINTER [B1114] BT: BLEWIT [B2521] UF: lepista nudum XANTHAN GUM ADDED WINTER SQUASH FTC: H0388 FTC: B1189 WOOD BOX BT: MICROBIAL GUM ADDED BT: SQUASH [B1208] FTC: M0177 [H0387] UF: cucurbita maxima BT: WOOD CONTAINER SN: Used when xanthan gum is [M0174] added to a food at any level. WINTERGREEN FTC: B1386 wood cask XANTHAN GUM ADDED BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- USE: WOOD BARREL, CASK OR FTC: H0746 PRODUCING PLANT WHEEL [M0179] BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, [B1179] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: gaultheria procumbens WOOD CONTAINER NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- UF: wintergreen spice FTC: M0174 TARIUS [H0399] BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- UF: E 415 added wintergreen spice PING BY MATERIAL [M0202] UF: INS 415 added USE: WINTERGREEN [B1386] WOOD DRUM xanthidae WISCONSIN FTC: M0178 USE: MUD CRAB FAMILY [B2215] FTC: US55 BT: WOOD CONTAINER BT: MIDWESTERN STATES [M0174] xanthosoma [US61] USE: MALANGA [B1499] WOODCHUCK witch flounder FTC: B1576 xenodermichthys spp. USE: GRAY SOLE [B1867] BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) USE: BLACK SLICKHEAD [B2914] [B1134] witloof chicory UF: groundhog ximenia aegyptiaca USE: CHICORY [B1552] UF: marmota monax USE: DESERT DATE [B2837]

WOLFFISH WOODCOCK ximenia caffra FTC: B1519 FTC: B2119 USE: SOURPLUM [B2832] BT: WOLFFISH FAMILY [B1816] BT: POULTRY OR GAME BIRD UF: anarhichas spp. [B1563] xiphias gladius UF: philohela minor USE: SWORDFISH [B1427] WOLFFISH FAMILY FTC: B1816 WOODEN CORK xiphiidae BT: FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] FTC: M0256 USE: SWORDFISH FAMILY UF: anarhichadidae BT: STOPPER [M0427] [B1383] wolffish, atlantic WRAPPER, MATERIAL UNSPECI- xiphopenaeus kroyeri USE: ATLANTIC WOLFFISH FIED USE: SEABOB [B2320] [B1817] FTC: M0211 BT: CONTAINER OR WRAP- XYLITOL WOOD PING BY FORM [M0195] FTC: B3322 FTC: N0035 UF: unspecified material wrapping BT: FOOD ADDITIVE, EURO- BT: FOOD CONTACT SURFACE PEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX FROM NATURAL MATERIAL WRASSE ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] [N0050] FTC: B2389 UF: E 967 BT: WRASSE FAMILY [B2277] UF: INS 967 WOOD UF: labrus viridis FTC: C0309 XYLITOL ADDED LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 243

FTC: H0305 yellow crookneck squash UF: sole, yellowfin BT: SUGAR ALCOHOL ADDED USE: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] [H0302] YELLOWFIN TUNA SN: Used when xylitol is added at yellow guava FTC: B1074 any level. USE: GUAVA [B1333] BT: TUNA [B1269] UF: neothunnus macropterus XYLITOL ADDED YELLOW JACK UF: thunnus albacares FTC: H0747 FTC: B2384 UF: tuna, yellowfin BT: FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, BT: JACK [B1044] EUROPEAN COMMU- UF: caranx bartholomaei YELLOWTAIL NITY/CODEX ALIMEN- FTC: B1534 TARIUS [H0399] yellow mombin BT: AMBERJACK [B2642] UF: E 967 added USE: HOG PLUM [B1307] UF: seriola lalandei UF: INS 967 added YELLOW PEA YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER YAM, TROPICAL FTC: B2414 FTC: B1872 FTC: B1181 BT: PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTI- BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER BT: VEGETABLE-PRODUCING VARS [B1001] FAMILY [B1856] PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR UF: toor UF: flounder, yellowtail BULB USED [B1018] UF: limanda ferruginea YELLOW PERCH YARDLONG BEAN FTC: B1177 YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH FTC: B1724 BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] FTC: B1777 BT: COWPEA [B1200] UF: perca flavescens BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: asparagus bean [B1084] UF: dolichos sesquipedalis yellow pike UF: rockfish, yellowtail UF: tau kok USE: WALLEYE PIKE [B1398] UF: sebastes flavidus UF: vigna sesquipedalis UF: vigna unguiculata var. ses- yellow plum yellowtail, california quipedalis USE: WILD PLUM [B2670] USE: CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL [B1779] YEAST YELLOW SAGE FTC: B1345 FTC: B2783 yemen BT: FUNGUS [B1261] BT: PLANT USED AS FOOD USE: YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC SOURCE [B1347] [YE] YEAST FOOD UF: lantana FTC: A0451 UF: lantana camara YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC BT: FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, UF: the' de gambie FTC: YE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS BT: MIDDLE EAST [QN06] [A0351] YELLOW SOLE UF: sanaa AI: FAO Food and Nutrition Pa- FTC: B2489 UF: yemen per 30/Rev. 1. FAO, Rome BT: SOLE FAMILY [B1025] 1985. ISBN 92-5-102292-5 UF: buglossidium luteum yerba mate USE: MATE [B2059] yeast leavened yellow squash USE: CARBOHYDRATE FER- USE: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] yogurt, frozen MENTED [H0256] USE: FROZEN YOGURT [A0211] YELLOWBELLY FLOUNDER yellow bean FTC: B2675 YOUNGBERRY USE: COMMON BEAN [B1999] BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FTC: B1388 FAMILY [B1856] BT: BLACKBERRY [B1407] YELLOW BELL PEPPER UF: rhombosolea leporina UF: rubus ursinus cv. young FTC: B2631 BT: BELL PEPPER OR SWEET yellowberry yuca PEPPER [B2628] USE: CLOUDBERRY [B2029] USE: CASSAVA [B1352] SN: Ripe fruit of yellow bell pepper varieties. YELLOWEYE MULLET YUGOSLAVIA FTC: B2896 FTC: YU yellow boletus BT: MULLET FAMILY [B1782] BT: EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] USE: STEINPILZ [B2033] UF: aldrichetta forsteri YUKON TERRITORY YELLOW BULLHEAD YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH FTC: CA12 FTC: B2607 FTC: B1773 BT: CANADA [CA] BT: CATFISH [B2620] BT: SCORPIONFISH FAMILY UF: catfish, yellow bullhead [B1084] Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTERISTICS UF: ictalurus natalis UF: rockfish, yelloweye OF FOOD UF: yellow catfish UF: sebastes ruberrimus FTC: Z0005 SN: Additional groups of factor yellow catfish YELLOWFIN GROUPER terms of a miscellaneous na- USE: YELLOW BULLHEAD FTC: B2390 ture. [B2607] BT: GROUPER [B1496] UF: mycteroperca venenosa ZAIRE YELLOW CROAKER FTC: ZR FTC: B2487 YELLOWFIN SOLE BT: AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] BT: CROAKER [B1794] FTC: B2581 UF: pseudosciaena manchurica BT: RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER ZAMBIA FAMILY [B1856] FTC: ZM

244 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN [QM04] zizania spp. USE: WILD RICE [B1375] ZANDER FTC: B2387 ziziphus abyssinicus BT: PERCH FAMILY [B2004] USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] UF: lucioperca sandra ziziphus africana ZANHA AFRICANA USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] FTC: B2816 BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- ziziphus amphibia CAL FRUIT [B1024] USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795]

ZANHA GOULOUNGENSIS ziziphus jujuba FTC: B2817 USE: CHINESE RED DATE BT: TROPICAL OR SUBTROPI- [B2008] CAL FRUIT [B1024] ziziphus lotus zanthoxylum USE: CHINESE RED DATE USE: PRICKLY ASH [B2295] [B2008] zanthoxylum piperitum ziziphus mauritiana USE: JAPAN PEPPER [B2306] USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] zea mays ziziphus orthacantha USE: CORN [B1232] USE: INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] zea mays var. indentata ziziphus sphaerocarpa USE: FIELD CORN [B1379] USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] zea mays var. praecox ziziphus spina-christi USE: POPCORN [B1454] USE: CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] zea mays var. rugosa ziziphus spp. USE: VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] USE: JUJUBE [B1311]

ZEBRA ziziphus vulgaris FTC: B2097 USE: CHINESE RED DATE BT: MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) [B2008] [B1134] UF: equus zebra ziziphus ziziphus USE: CHINESE RED DATE zeidae [B2008] USE: DORY FAMILY [B1891] zizyphus sativa ZEODARY USE: CHINESE RED DATE FTC: B2947 [B2008] BT: SPICE OR FLAVOR- PRODUCING PLANT zoarces viviparus [B1179] USE: EELPOUT [B2292] zeus capensis zoarcidae USE: JOHN DORY [B2184] USE: EELPOUT FAMILY [B1846] zeus faber ZUCCHINI USE: EUROPEAN JOHN DORY FTC: B1462 [B2278] BT: SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] UF: cucurbita pepo var. melopepo zeus japonicus cv. zucchini USE: JOHN DORY [B2184] zulu nut ZIMBABWE USE: CHUFA [B2159] FTC: ZW BT: AFRICA, SOUTHERN [QM04] UF: rhodesia

ZINC ADDED FTC: H0273 BT: MINERAL ADDED [H0159] zingiber officinale USE: GINGER [B1265] zit kwa USE: CHINESE PRESERVING MELON [B1616] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 245

246 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4 LANGUAL THESAURUS – SYSTEMATIC DISPLAY

4.1 A. PRODUCT TYPE

LANGUAL THESAURUS ROOT [00000] A. PRODUCT TYPE [A0361] FOOD ADDITIVE CLASSIFICATION, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY [A0324] ACID [A0325] ACIDITY REGULATOR [A0326] ANTICAKING AGENT [A0327] ANTIFOAMING AGENT [A0328] ANTIOXIDANT [A0329] BULKING AGENT [A0330] CARRIER, INCLUDING CARRIER SOLVENT [A0331] COLOUR [A0332] EMULSIFIER [A0333] EMULSIFYING SALT [A0334] FIRMING AGENT [A0335] FLAVOUR ENHANCER [A0336] FLOUR TREATMENT AGENT [A0337] FOAMING AGENT [A0338] GELLING AGENT [A0339] GLAZING AGENT (INCLUDING LUBRICANTS) [A0340] HUMECTANT [A0341] MODIFIED STARCH [A0342] PACKAGING GAS [A0343] PRESERVATIVE [A0344] PROPELLANT [A0345] RAISING AGENT [A0346] SEQUESTRANT [A0347] STABILIZER [A0348] SWEETENER [A0349] THICKENER [A0350] FOOD ADDITIVES [A0323] FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [A0351] ACID [A0362] ACIDIFIER [A0363] ALKALI [A0364] ANTIBLEACHING AGENT [A0365] ANTIBROWNING AGENT [A0366] ANTICAKING AGENT [A0367] ANTIFOAMING AGENT [A0368] ANTIMICROBIAL PRESERVATIVE [A0369] ANTIMOULD AND ANTITROPE AGENT [A0370] ANTIOXIDANT [A0371] ANTIOXIDANT SYNERGIST [A0372] ANTIOXIDANTS SOLUBILIZER [A0373] ANTISPATTERING AGENT [A0375] ANTITROPE AGENT [A0374] BINDER [A0376] BLEACHING AGENT [A0377] BODYING AGENT [A0378] BROWN SALT: NUTRIENT, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT [A0379] BUFFERING AGENT [A0380] BULKING AGENT [A0381] CARBONATING AGENT [A0382] CARRIER [A0383] CARRIER SOLVENT [A0384] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 247

CHEWING GUM BASE [A0385] CLARIFYING AGENT [A0386] CLOUD PRODUCING AGENT [A0387] CLOUD PRODUCING AGENT IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES [A0388] COLLOIDAL STABILIZERS [A0389] COLOUR ADJUNCT [A0390] COLOUR FIXATIVE [A0391] COLOUR RETENTION AGENT (CODEX) [A0392] COLOUR STABILIZER [A0393] CONTAMINANT [A0394] DECOLOURIZING AGENT [A0395] DEFOAMING AGENT [A0396] DENSITY ADJUSTING AGENT [A0397] DIETARY SUPPLEMENT [A0398] DILUENT OF COLOUR AND OTHER FOOD ADDITIVES [A0399] DISPERSING AGENT [A0400] DOUGH CONDITIONER [A0401] DRYING AGENT [A0402] DUSTING POWDER [A0403] EMULSIFIER [A0404] EMULSION STABILIZER [A0405] ENZYME PREPARATION [A0406] EXTRACTION SOLVENT [A0407] FILLER [A0408] FILTERING AID [A0409] FIRMING AGENT [A0410] FLAVOUR ADJUNCT [A0411] FLAVOUR ENHANCER [A0412] FLAVOURING AGENT [A0413] FLAVOURS SOLUBILIZER [A0414] FLOUR TREATMENT AGENT (CODEX) [A0415] FOAMING AGENT [A0416] FOOD COLOUR [A0417] FOOD PRESERVATIVE [A0418] FORMULATION AGENT [A0419] FORMULATION AID [A0420] FREEZANT [A0421] FUMIGANT [A0422] FUNGICIDAL PRESERVATIVE [A0423] FUNGISTATIC AGENT [A0424] GELLING AGENT [A0426] GREEN: NUTRIENT, DIET SUPPLEMENT, ANTI-CAKING AGENT [A0427] HUMECTANT [A0425] LEAVENING AGENT [A0428] LIQUID FREEZANT [A0429] MOISTURE RETAINING AGENT [A0430] NEUTRALIZING AGENT [A0431] NUTRIENT [A0432] ODOUR REMOVING AGENT [A0433] OXIDIZING AGENT [A0434] PACKING GAS [A0435] PROPELLANT [A0436] RELEASE AGENT [A0437] RESIDUE [A0438] SALT SUBSTITUTE [A0439] SEALING AGENT [A0440] SEASONING AGENT [A0441] SEQUESTRANT [A0442] STABILIZER [A0443] SUSPENDING AGENT [A0444] SWEETENING AGENT [A0445] TABLETING AID [A0446] TASTE REMOVING AGENT [A0447] TEXTURIZER [A0448] THICKENING AGENT [A0449] WETTING AGENT [A0450] YEAST FOOD [A0451] PRODUCT TYPE, USA [A0289] BEVERAGE [A0229] ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE [A0278]

248 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0277] DISTINCTIVE DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0200] LIQUEUR [A0240] NEUTRAL DISTILLED SPIRITS [A0120] MALT BEVERAGE [A0195] WINE OR WINE-LIKE PRODUCT, .5-24% ALCOHOL [A0297] LOW-ALCOHOL WINE, .5-7% ALCOHOL [A0298] WINE, 7-24% ALCOHOL [A0205] HEAVY WINE, 14-24% ALCOHOL [A0224] LIGHT WINE, 7-14% ALCOHOL [A0299] NONALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE [A0112] ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ANALOG [A0295] SOFT DRINK [A0241] STEEPED BEVERAGE [A0268] CACAO OR CHOCOLATE PRODUCT [A0272] CACAO OR CHOCOLATE PRODUCT ANALOG [A0158] CHEWING GUM [A0176] CONFECTIONERY [A0188] CANDY [A0204] FRUIT OR NUT CANDY [A0161] HARD CANDY [A0216] BRITTLE [A0226] SOFT CANDY [A0293] AERATED CONFECTIONERY [A0141] CARAMEL CANDY [A0173] CHOCOLATE CANDY [A0288] FONDANT [A0244] FUDGE [A0213] JELLY CANDY [A0162] JAP OR AGAR JELLY CANDY [A0146] PECTIN JELLY CANDY [A0255] STARCH JELLY CANDY [A0256] DECORATION [A0246] ICING OR FROSTING [A0269] SWEET SAUCE OR TOPPING [A0287] DAIRY PRODUCT [A0164] CHEESE OR CHEESE PRODUCT [A0115] CHEESE PRODUCT ANALOG [A0128] NATURAL CHEESE [A0187] CURED CHEESE [A0168] CHEESE HARDNESS CLASS (CODEX) [A0315] EXTRA HARD CHEESE (CODEX) [A0310] HARD CHEESE (CODEX) [A0311] SEMIHARD CHEESE (CODEX) [A0312] SEMISOFT CHEESE (CODEX) [A0313] SOFT CHEESE (CODEX) [A0314] CHEESE HARDNESS CLASS (U.S.) [A0316] HARD CHEESE (U.S.) [A0186] HARD GRATING CHEESE (U.S.) [A0290] SEMISOFT CHEESE (U.S.) [A0281] SOFT CHEESE (U.S.) [A0138] UNCURED CHEESE [A0185] PROCESSED CHEESE PRODUCT [A0282] COLD-PACK CHEESE PRODUCT [A0116] COLD-PACK CHEESE [A0280] COLD-PACK CHEESE FOOD [A0126] GRATED CHEESE FOOD [A0291] PASTEURIZED CHEESE PRODUCT [A0117] PASTEURIZED BLENDED CHEESE [A0145] PASTEURIZED CHEESE SPREAD [A0266] PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE [A0110] PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE FOOD [A0111] PASTEURIZED PROCESS CHEESE SPREAD [A0109] FROZEN DAIRY DESSERT [A0114] FROZEN YOGURT [A0211] ICE CREAM OR FROZEN CUSTARD [A0137] FROZEN CUSTARD [A0165] ICE CREAM [A0227] ICE CREAM PRODUCT ANALOG [A0159] MELLORINE [A0232] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 249

ICE MILK [A0233] SHERBET [A0245] MILK OR MILK PRODUCT [A0148] CULTURED MILK PRODUCT [A0101] MILK OR MILK PRODUCT ANALOG [A0147] BUTTER PRODUCT ANALOG [A0294] MARGARINE [A0231] CREAM PRODUCT ANALOG [A0123] MILK ANALOG [A0182] DRESSING, CONDIMENT, GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0105] CONDIMENT OR RELISH [A0179] CONDIMENT SAUCE [A0263] VINEGAR [A0302] RELISH [A0225] DRESSING FOR FOOD [A0276] NONSTANDARDIZED DRESSING [A0136] STANDARDIZED DRESSING [A0292] GRAVY OR SAUCE [A0286] EGG OR EGG PRODUCT [A0261] EGG PRODUCT ANALOG [A0254] FLAVORING OR SEASONING [A0133] FLAVORING OR FLAVOR ENHANCER [A0300] FLAVOR ENHANCER [A0301] FLAVORING [A0215] SALT OR SALT SUBSTITUTE [A0134] SPICE OR HERB [A0113] SWEETENER [A0237] NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER [A0142] NUTRITIVE SWEETENER [A0118] FOOD ADDITIVE [A0181] ACIDIFIER [A0322] ANTIOXIDANT [A0318] COLOR ADDITIVE [A0166] PRESERVATIVE [A0317] STABILIZER, THICKENER OR GELLING AGENT [A0319] STABILIZER [A0321] FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT [A0257] FRUIT OR FRUIT PRODUCT [A0143] FRUIT BUTTER, JELLY, PRESERVE OR RELATED PRODUCT [A0155] FRUIT BUTTER [A0184] FRUIT JELLY [A0209] FRUIT PRESERVE OR JAM [A0251] FRUIT SPREAD OR SAUCE [A0197] FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED PRODUCT [A0104] FRUIT JUICE [A0127] FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED [A0130] FRUIT NECTAR [A0196] VEGETABLE OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT [A0152] VEGETABLE JUICE [A0264] VEGETABLE PICKLE [A0271] GLAZE [A0214] GRAIN OR STARCH PRODUCT [A0125] MILLED GRAIN OR STARCH PRODUCT [A0149] PREPARED GRAIN OR STARCH PRODUCT [A0106] BAKERY PRODUCT [A0191] BAKERY PRODUCT, SWEETENED [A0135] CAKE [A0210] COOKIE [A0203] DOUGHNUT [A0248] PANCAKE OR WAFFLE [A0194] PASTRY, SWEETENED [A0202] PIE CRUST, SWEETENED [A0140] PIE, SWEETENED [A0253] QUICK BREAD, SWEETENED [A0183] SWEET ROLL OR SWEET BUN [A0151] BAKERY PRODUCT, UNSWEETENED [A0107] BREAD [A0178] PIZZA CRUST [A0167] CRACKER [A0242] PASTRY SHELL, UNSWEETENED [A0108]

250 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

PIE CRUST, UNSWEETENED [A0160] QUICK BREAD, UNSWEETENED [A0283] BREAKFAST CEREAL [A0258] MACARONI OR NOODLE PRODUCT [A0275] MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD OR RELATED PRODUCT [A0217] MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT (FROM MAMMAL) [A0150] CURED MEAT [A0279] MEAT PRODUCT ANALOG [A0132] SAUSAGE OR LUNCHEON MEAT [A0221] POULTRY OR POULTRY PRODUCT [A0273] POULTRY PRODUCT ANALOG [A0157] POULTRY-BASED SAUSAGE OR LUNCHEON MEAT [A0131] REPTILE, AMPHIBIAN, INSECT, ETC. MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCT [A0303] SEAFOOD OR SEAFOOD PRODUCT [A0267] SEAFOOD PRODUCT ANALOG [A0156] SEAFOOD-BASED SAUSAGE OR LUNCHEON MEAT [A0296] NUT OR SEED PRODUCT [A0306] NUT OR NUT PRODUCT [A0260] SEED OR SEED PRODUCT [A0305] PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT [A0172] DESSERT [A0222] CUSTARD OR PUDDING [A0285] CUSTARD, COOKED [A0219] PUDDING, STARCH [A0192] FROZEN NONDAIRY DESSERT [A0206] FROZEN TOFU DESSERT [A0307] WATER ICE [A0230] GELATIN DESSERT [A0169] DIETARY OR THERAPEUTIC FORMULATION [A0309] MEAL REPLACEMENT [A0274] SUPPLEMENTAL FORMULATION [A0308] MULTICOMPONENT MEAL [A0139] PASTA DISH [A0220] PREPARED EGG DISH [A0284] PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT WITH BAKERY BASE OR ENCLOSURE, UNSWEETENED [A0102] PASTRY, UNSWEETENED, FILLED [A0103] PIE, UNSWEETENED, OR PIZZA [A0100] SANDWICH [A0218] SALAD [A0208] SOUP [A0198] SOUP, THICK [A0180] SOUP, THIN [A0243] STEW OR HASH [A0212] PRODUCT TYPE NOT KNOWN [A0001] PRODUCT TYPE, OTHER [A0004] REFINED OR PARTIALLY-REFINED FOOD PRODUCT [A0129] SNACK FOOD [A0228] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 251

4.2 B. FOOD SOURCE

B. FOOD SOURCE [B1564] ALGAE, BACTERIA OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B1215] ALGAE [B1301] ALGAE, BLUE-GREEN [B1746] SPIRULINA [B2039] ALGAE, GREEN [B2502] ENTEROMORPHA [B2639] AONORI [B2640] SEA LETTUCE [B2476] ALGAE, RED [B1743] CHONDRUS [B2500] IRISH MOSS [B1742] LAVER [B1745] RHODYMENIA [B2410] DULSE [B2411] SEAWEED [B2266] ALGAE, BROWN [B2395] KELP [B1744] HIJIKI [B2641] KONBU [B2638] WAKAME [B1747] BACTERIA [B2846] ACTINOMYCETALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2849] BEGGIATOALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2850] CARYOPHANALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2927] CHLAMYDOBACTERIALES AS FOOD SOURCE [B2855] CYTOPHAGALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2851] EUBACTERIALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2848] HYPHOMICROBIALES AS FOOD SOURCE [B2856] MYCOPLASMATALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2853] PSEUDOMONADALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2847] RICKETTSIALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2854] SPIROCHAETALES USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B2852] FUNGUS [B1261] ASCOMYCETE [B2034] MOREL [B2032] BEEFSTEAK MOREL [B2446] BLACK MOREL [B2021] EARLY MOREL [B2024] SNOW MUSHROOM [B2025] TRUFFLE [B1387] BASIDIOMYCETE [B2035] BLACK FUNGUS [B1741] BRACELET MUSHROOM [B2758] HONEY MUSHROOM [B2735] MUSHROOM [B1467] ABALONE MUSHROOM [B1645] BLEWIT [B2521] WOOD BLEWIT [B2522] BLUSHER MUSHROOM [B2073] CHANTERELLE [B1569] CULTIVATED MUSHROOM [B2937] ENOKI MUSHROOM [B2507] INKY CAP MUSHROOM [B2022] MEADOW MUSHROOM [B2023] MILK MUSHROOM [B2074] LACTARIUS AQUIFLUUS [B2075] LACTARIUS DELICIOSUS [B2740] OYSTER MUSHROOM [B1632] PSILOCYBE SEMILANCEATA [B2076] RED BOLETUS [B2737]

252 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

REISHI MUSHROOM [B2361] ROUGH STEMMED BOLETUS [B2738] SHIITAKE MUSHROOM [B1635] SLIPPERY JACK MUSHROOM [B2260] STEINPILZ [B2033] STRAW MUSHROOM [B1637] WHITE LEPIOTA [B2117] YEAST [B1345] ICELAND MOSS [B2346] LICHEN [B2345] ANIMAL USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B1297] AMPHIBIAN [B1624] FROG [B1252] FISH OR LOWER WATER ANIMAL [B1021] AQUATIC ANIMAL [B1142] COELENTERATE [B2409] JELLYFISH [B2408] ECHINODERM [B2115] SEA CUCUMBER [B2433] SEA URCHIN [B2107] STARFISH [B2108] FISH [B1222] FISH, BONY [B1365] AFRICAN MIDFISH [B2317] FISH, ACIPENSERIFORM [B1020] PADDLEFISH FAMILY [B1896] PADDLEFISH [B1412] STURGEON FAMILY [B1897] BELUGA [B2528] GREEN STURGEON [B1972] STURGEON [B1465] WHITE STURGEON [B1973] FISH, ALBULIFORM [B2544] SPINY EEL FAMILY [B2526] SPINY EEL [B2527] FISH, AMIIFORM [B2425] BOWFIN FAMILY [B2435] BOWFIN [B2436] FISH, ANGUILLIFORM [B1574] EEL [B1278] CONGER EEL FAMILY [B2300] CONGER EEL [B2299] SWOLLENHEAD CONGER EEL [B2918] DUCKBILL EEL FAMILY [B2533] BLACKTAIL PIKE-CONGER [B2535] FRECKLED PIKE-CONGER [B2536] PIKE-CONGER [B2534] SPOTTED PIKE-CONGER [B2537] FRESHWATER EEL FAMILY [B2545] AMERICAN EEL [B2177] EEL, FRESHWATER [B2700] EUROPEAN EEL [B2706] LONG-FINNED EEL [B2672] SHORT-FINNED EEL [B2673] FISH, ATHERINIFORM [B1573] FLYINGFISH FAMILY [B1886] FLYINGFISH [B1144] HALFBEAK FAMILY [B2912] NEW ZEALAND GARFISH [B2911] KILLIFISH FAMILY [B2618] KILLIFISH [B2599] NEEDLEFISH FAMILY [B1887] CALIFORNIA NEEDLEFISH [B1417] NEEDLEFISH [B1411] RICEFISH FAMILY [B2372] SAURY FAMILY [B1888] ATLANTIC SAURY [B1889] PACIFIC SAURY [B1890] SAURY [B2484] SILVERSIDE FAMILY [B1884] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 253

SOUTH AMERICAN SILVERSIDE [B1885] FISH, AULOPIFORM [B2497] LIZARDFISH FAMILY [B2498] BOMBAY DUCK [B2499] FISH, BATRACHOIDIFORM [B2200] TOADFISH FAMILY [B2264] TOADFISH [B2187] FISH, BERYCIFORM [B1983] ALFONSINO FAMILY [B2884] ALFONSINO [B2883] SLIMEHEAD FAMILY [B1942] ORANGE ROUGHY [B2328] ROUGHY [B2327] SQUIRRELFISH FAMILY [B2655] SQUIRRELFISH [B2656] FISH, CLUPEIFORM [B1601] ANCHOVY FAMILY [B1854] ANCHOVY [B1554] NORTHERN ANCHOVY [B1855] HERRING FAMILY [B1124] HERRING [B1414] ATLANTIC HERRING [B1586] BLUEBACK HERRING [B1852] FLATIRON HERRING [B2152] PACIFIC HERRING [B1575] ROUND HERRING [B1850] MENHADEN [B1396] ATLANTIC MENHADEN [B1849] GULF MENHADEN [B1848] PERUVIAN MENHADEN [B2176] SARDINE [B1558] CALIFORNIA PILCHARD [B2294] CHILEAN PILCHARD [B2192] EUROPEAN PILCHARD [B1853] FRINGESCALE SARDINELLA [B2648] JAPANESE PILCHARD [B1974] OIL SARDINE [B1966] PACIFIC SARDINE [B1847] SARDINELLA [B1392] SCALED SARDINE [B2173] SOUTH AFRICAN PILCHARD [B1984] SPANISH SARDINE [B2003] SHAD [B1348] ALEWIFE [B1402] AMERICAN SHAD [B1147] GIZZARD SHAD [B2370] WESTERN AUSTRALIAN GIZZARD SHAD [B2324] SPRAT [B1235] THREAD HERRING [B1239] ATLANTIC THREAD HERRING [B1851] DEEPBODY THREAD HERRING [B1980] FISH, CYPRINIFORM [B1594] CARP OR MINNOW FAMILY [B1921] BARBEL [B2712] CARP [B2617] COMMON CARP [B1228] CREEK CHUB [B2191] DACE [B2078] GRASS CARP [B2867] GUDGEON [B2705] IDE [B2713] MINNOW [B1922] ROACH (FISH) [B1925] SHINER [B1908] SILVER CARP [B2254] TENCH [B1906] SUCKER FAMILY [B1892] BUFFALOFISH [B1085] SUCKER [B1319] WHITE SUCKER [B2402]

254 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FISH, GADIFORM [B1157] COD FAMILY [B1835] BURBOT [B1627] COD [B1423] ATLANTIC COD [B1842] GREENLAND COD [B2865] PACIFIC COD [B1841] CUSK [B2143] HADDOCK [B1441] HAKE [B1291] RED HAKE [B1442] TADPOLE FISH [B2707] WHITE HAKE [B1840] LING [B2144] BLUE LING [B2864] POLLOCK [B1440] WALLEYE POLLOCK [B1843] WHITING [B1640] ARGENTINE HAKE [B2142] BLUE WHITING [B1837] CAPE HAKE [B2141] CHILEAN HAKE [B2643] EUROPEAN HAKE [B2365] EUROPEAN WHITING [B2644] HOKI [B1838] PACIFIC WHITING [B1137] SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING [B1836] CUSK-EEL FAMILY [B1844] BLACK KINGKLIP [B1857] CARMINE CUSK-EEL [B2379] GOLDEN KINGKLIP [B1858] KINGKLIP [B2485] RED KINGKLIP [B1859] EELPOUT FAMILY [B1846] EELPOUT [B2292] OCEAN POUT [B1845] GRENADIER FAMILY [B2899] DEEPSEA WHIPTAIL [B2898] GRENADIER [B2897] KAIYOMARU RATTAIL [B2905] SMOOTH RATTAIL [B2906] MORID COD FAMILY [B2170] MORID COD [B2892] RED COD [B2179] ROCK COD [B2145] FISH, GASTEROSTEIFORM [B2478] PIPEFISH FAMILY [B2573] SEAHORSE [B2572] UNICORN RATTAIL [B2913] STICKLEBACK FAMILY [B2483] FISH, GONORYNCHIFORM [B2543] MILKFISH FAMILY [B2548] MILKFISH [B1909] FISH, LEPIDOSIRENIFORM [B1994] AFRICAN LUNGFISH FAMILY [B1993] FISH, LEPISOSTEIFORM [B1894] GAR FAMILY [B1893] FISH, LOPHIIFORM [B2404] GOOSEFISH FAMILY [B2405] MONKFISH [B2401] FISH, PERCIFORM [B1581] ANGELFISH FAMILY [B2652] ANGELFISH [B2653] AUSTRALIAN SALMON FAMILY [B1940] AUSTRALIAN RUFF [B1941] KAHAWAI [B2237] BARRACUDA FAMILY [B1829] BARRACUDA [B1540] GIANT SEA PIKE [B2392] BILLFISH FAMILY [B1518] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 255

BLUE MARLIN [B2325] MARLIN [B1243] SAILFISH [B1521] BLUEFISH FAMILY [B1810] BLUEFISH [B1512] BUTTERFISH FAMILY [B1827] ANTARCTIC CUTLERFISH [B2671] BLACK RUFF [B2895] BUTTERFISH [B1410] HARVESTFISH [B2286] WHITE POMFRET [B1927] CARDINALFISH FAMILY [B2886] BIGEYE CARDINALFISH [B2885] CARDINALFISH [B2936] CICHLID FAMILY [B1831] BLUE TILAPIA [B1832] MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA [B1833] NILE TILAPIA [B1834] TILAPIA [B2434] DOLPHIN FAMILY [B1918] DOLPHIN [B1917] DRUM FAMILY [B2005] CORVINA [B2664] CALIFORNIA CORBINA [B1933] CHILEAN CROAKER [B1814] SHORTFIN CORVINA [B2153] CROAKER [B1794] ATLANTIC CROAKER [B1795] PERUVIAN CROAKER [B1797] WHITE CROAKER [B2281] YELLOW CROAKER [B2487] DRUM [B1204] FRESHWATER DRUM [B1796] MEAGRE [B2863] QUEENFISH [B2280] RED DRUM [B2460] KINGFISH [B2198] SEATROUT [B2657] SAND SEATROUT [B1104] SPOTTED SEATROUT [B1615] WHITE SEABASS [B1187] SPOT [B1256] WEAKFISH [B1526] GRAY SEATROUT [B2375] SILVER HAKE [B2645] STRIPED WEAKFISH [B2380] EMPEROR FAMILY [B2866] EMPEROR [B2859] FLATHEAD FAMILY [B1809] BRAZILIAN DUCKBILL [B1928] DUCKBILL FLATHEAD [B2531] FLATHEAD [B2530] GOBY FLATHEAD [B2532] PALE TOADFISH [B2915] FUSILIER FAMILY [B2602] FUSILIER [B2603] LUNAR FUSILIER [B2604] STRIATED FUSILIER [B2606] SUEZ FUSILIER [B2605] GOATFISH FAMILY [B2658] GOATFISH [B2650] RED MULLET [B2567] GOBY FAMILY [B2542] GOBY [B2541] GOURAMI FAMILY [B2422] CLIMBING PERCH [B2529] GOURAMI [B2423] GRUNT FAMILY [B1812] GRUNT [B1813] PAINTED SWEETLIPS [B2566]

256 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

HAWKFISH FAMILY [B1934] JACK FAMILY [B1755] AMBERJACK [B2642] GREATER AMBERJACK [B2391] YELLOWTAIL [B1534] CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL [B1779] ARGENTINE QUEENFISH [B1939] JACK [B1044] BAR JACK [B2335] BLUE RUNNER [B1778] GREEN JACK [B2251] HORSE-EYE JACK [B2178] LEATHERJACKET [B2146] RAINBOW RUNNER [B2382] YELLOW JACK [B2384] JACK MACKEREL [B1090] INCA SCAD [B2901] POMPANO [B1475] AFRICAN POMPANO [B2147] BLACK POMFRET [B2377] FLORIDA POMPANO [B1780] PALOMETA [B2490] SCAD [B2424] ATLANTIC HORSE MACKEREL [B1166] BIGEYE SCAD [B2660] ROUND SCAD [B2481] TREVALLY [B2651] WHITE TREVALLY [B2238] MACKEREL FAMILY [B1426] BONITO [B1264] ATLANTIC BONITO [B1792] PACIFIC BONITO [B1791] STRIPED BONITO [B2189] MACKEREL [B1043] ATLANTIC MACKEREL [B1790] BUTTERFLY MACKEREL [B2314] CHUB MACKEREL [B1570] INDIAN MACKEREL [B2934] KING MACKEREL [B1516] NARROW-BARRED MACKEREL [B2935] PACIFIC SIERRA [B1793] SPANISH MACKEREL [B1571] SPOTTED CHUB MACKEREL [B1926] TUNA [B1269] ALBACORE [B1506] BIGEYE TUNA [B1069] BLACK SKIPJACK [B1112] BLACKFIN TUNA [B1070] BLUEFIN TUNA [B1120] BULLET TUNA [B1930] FRIGATE TUNA [B1787] KAWAKAWA [B1546] LONGTAIL TUNA [B1004] SKIPJACK TUNA [B1376] SLENDER TUNA [B2891] SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA [B1003] SPOTTED TUNNY [B1111] YELLOWFIN TUNA [B1074] WAHOO [B1630] MOONFISH FAMILY [B1996] SILVER MOONFISH [B1995] MORWONG FAMILY [B2546] MORWONG [B2366] TARAKIHI [B1910] MULLET FAMILY [B1782] FANTAIL MULLET [B1784] KANDA [B2305] LIZA [B2359] MULLET [B1287] REDEYE MULLET [B1785] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 257

STRIPED MULLET [B1783] WHITE MULLET [B1786] YELLOWEYE MULLET [B2896] PERCH FAMILY [B2004] BLUE PIKE [B1424] EURASIAN PERCH [B2336] FRESHWATER PERCH [B1557] PIKE PERCH [B1399] SAUGER [B1670] WALLEYE PIKE [B1398] YELLOW PERCH [B1177] ZANDER [B2387] POMFRET FAMILY [B1938] ATLANTIC POMFRET [B1929] POMFRET [B2571] PORGY FAMILY [B1808] DENTEX [B2857] GILT HEADED BREAM [B2858] PANDORA [B2871] PORGY [B1234] RED HAWAIIAN PORGY [B1815] RED PORGY [B2283] SCUP [B2399] SEA BREAM [B2388] SHEEPSHEAD [B1422] RUFF FAMILY [B2679] BLUE WAREHOU [B2304] SILVER WAREHOU [B2678] WHITE WAREHOU [B2894] SABLEFISH FAMILY [B2006] SABLEFISH [B1437] SKILFISH [B1807] SAND LANCE FAMILY [B1830] AMERICAN SAND LANCE [B2383] SAND LANCE [B1354] SANDFISH FAMILY [B2569] SANDFISH [B2568] SANDPERCH FAMILY [B2368] BLUE COD [B2290] SANDPERCH [B2367] SCULPIN FAMILY [B1789] CABEZON [B1788] SEA BASS FAMILY [B1524] GROUPER [B1496] BROWNSPOTTED ROCKCOD [B2694] CONEY [B2588] GREASY ROCKCOD [B1759] GULF CONEY [B2589] JEWFISH [B1756] PERSIAN GROUPER [B1758] RED GROUPER [B1757] SAND PERCH [B2301] YELLOWFIN GROUPER [B2390] SCAMP [B2887] SEA BASS [B2180] ARGENTINE SEA BASS [B1762] BLACK SEA BASS [B1438] PERUVIAN SEA BASS [B1761] SNAILFISH FAMILY [B1822] LUMPFISH [B1823] SNAKE MACKEREL FAMILY [B1820] ATLANTIC CUTLASSFISH [B2861] CUTLASSFISH [B1154] ESCOLAR [B1821] SILVER GEMFISH [B2676] SILVER SCABBARDFISH [B2902] SNAKE MACKEREL [B2185] SNAKEHEAD FAMILY [B2309] SNAKEHEAD [B2308] STRIPED SNAKEHEAD [B2307]

258 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SNAPPER FAMILY [B1798] AMARILLO SNAPPER [B1801] BLACK SNAPPER [B1099] BLACKFIN SNAPPER [B1799] BLOOD SNAPPER [B2256] CARIBBEAN RED SNAPPER [B2150] COLORADO SNAPPER [B1804] EMPEROR SNAPPER [B1931] FIVE-LINED SNAPPER [B1981] GOLDEN SNAPPER [B2148] GOLD-STRIPED SNAPPER [B1982] GRAY SNAPPER [B1168] HUMPBACK SNAPPER [B1806] JOHN'S SNAPPER [B2313] LUTJANUS SILLA [B2381] MALABAR SNAPPER [B1805] MUTTON SNAPPER [B1802] PACIFIC SNAPPER [B2149] QUEEN SNAPPER [B2151] RED SNAPPER [B1089] SILK SNAPPER [B1800] SNAPPER [B1510] SPOTTED ROSE SNAPPER [B1803] STRIPED PARGO [B2565] SNOOK FAMILY [B1824] BARRAMUNDI PERCH [B2872] COMMON SNOOK [B1825] LAKE VICTORIA PERCH [B1935] STARGAZER FAMILY [B2275] GIANT STARGAZER [B2877] SPOTTED STARGAZER [B2274] SUNFISH FAMILY [B1818] BASS [B2665] LARGEMOUTH BASS [B2182] ROCK BASS [B1362] SMALLMOUTH BASS [B2427] BLUEGILL [B2079] BREAM [B1763] CRAPPIE [B1409] BLACK CRAPPIE [B1819] FRESHWATER BASS [B2426] SUNFISH [B1419] PUMPKINSEED [B2403] SURGEONFISH FAMILY [B2303] SWORDFISH FAMILY [B1383] SWORDFISH [B1427] TEMPERATE BASS FAMILY [B1184] GIANT SEA BASS [B1765] GROPER [B1989] JAPAN SEA BASS [B1760] SALT-BRACKISH WATER BASS [B2428] STRIPED BASS [B2181] WHITE BASS [B1764] WHITE PERCH [B1152] WRECKFISH [B1432] THREADFIN FAMILY [B2253] INDIAN THREADFIN [B2188] TILEFISH FAMILY [B1923] TILEFISH [B1520] TRUMPETER FAMILY [B1988] BASTARD TRUMPETER [B1936] WEEVERFISH FAMILY [B2291] WOLFFISH FAMILY [B1816] ATLANTIC WOLFFISH [B1817] WOLFFISH [B1519] WRASSE FAMILY [B2277] HOGFISH [B2482] TAUTOG [B2276] WRASSE [B2389] FISH, PLEURONECTIFORM [B1023] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 259

LEFTEYE FLOUNDER FAMILY [B1879] BRILL [B2708] CALIFORNIA HALIBUT [B1882] FANTAIL SOLE [B1880] MEGRIM [B2710] MEXICAN FLOUNDER [B2285] SANDDAB [B2649] SMALLEYE FLOUNDER [B2393] SOUTHERN FLOUNDER [B1881] SUMMER FLOUNDER [B1883] TURBOT [B1240] PSETTODID FAMILY [B2666] INDIAN OCEAN FLOUNDER [B1873] RIGHTEYE FLOUNDER FAMILY [B1856] AMERICAN PLAICE [B1862] ARROWTOOTH FLOUNDER [B1866] ATLANTIC HALIBUT [B1877] BLACKBACK FLOUNDER [B1971] BUTTER SOLE [B1869] DOVER SOLE [B1511] ENGLISH SOLE [B1131] EUROPEAN PLAICE [B1861] FLATHEAD SOLE [B1871] GRAY SOLE [B1867] GREENLAND TURBOT [B1589] HALIBUT [B1532] KAMCHATKA FLOUNDER [B1875] LEMON SOLE [B2647] LONGHEAD DAB [B1860] NEW ZEALAND SOLE [B2680] PACIFIC HALIBUT [B1876] PETRALE SOLE [B1863] PLAICE [B2570] REX SOLE [B1864] ROCK SOLE [B1868] ROUGHSCALE FLOUNDER [B2000] SAND FLOUNDER [B2674] SAND SOLE [B1870] SLENDER SOLE [B1865] SLIME FLOUNDER [B1975] SPECKLED FLOUNDER [B2385] STARRY FLOUNDER [B1874] YELLOWBELLY FLOUNDER [B2675] YELLOWFIN SOLE [B2581] YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER [B1872] SOLE FAMILY [B1025] EUROPEAN DOVER SOLE [B1878] HOGCHOKER [B2289] NAKED SOLE [B2288] SCRAWLED SOLE [B2287] THICKBACK SOLE [B2709] YELLOW SOLE [B2489] SOLE, SPECIES NOT KNOWN [B1032] FISH, SALMONIFORM [B1592] ARGENTINE FAMILY [B1924] ARGENTINE [B1430] PIKE FAMILY [B1826] CHAIN PICKEREL [B2334] MUSKELLUNGE [B1165] NORTHERN PIKE [B1143] PIKE [B1293] SLICKHEAD FAMILY [B2909] BLACK SLICKHEAD [B2914] LARGE SCALED BROWN SLICKHEAD [B2907] SMALL SCALED BROWN SLICKHEAD [B2908] SMELT FAMILY [B1904] AYU [B2516] CAPELIN [B1903] EULACHON [B2654] POND SMELT [B2870]

260 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

RAINBOW SMELT [B1905] SMELT [B1310] TROUT FAMILY [B1129] GRAYLING [B2711] ARCTIC GRAYLING [B2860] SALMON [B2250] ATLANTIC SALMON [B1587] CHERRY SALMON [B1108] CHINOOK SALMON [B1132] CHUM SALMON [B1115] COHO SALMON [B1117] DANUBE SALMON [B1612] PACIFIC SALMON [B1126] PINK SALMON [B1116] SOCKEYE SALMON [B1128] TROUT [B1258] ARCTIC CHAR [B1332] BROOK TROUT [B1077] BROWN TROUT [B1479] CUTTHROAT TROUT [B2869] DOLLY VARDEN [B1683] INCONNU [B2302] LAKE TROUT [B1503] RAINBOW TROUT [B1109] WHITEFISH OR CISCO [B1565] HUMPBACK WHITEFISH [B2284] LAKE HERRING [B1118] LAKE WHITEFISH [B1907] SHORTNOSE CISCO [B2693] VENDACE [B2369] WHITEFISH [B2687] FISH, SCORPAENIFORM [B2265] FATHEAD FAMILY [B2916] GREENLING FAMILY [B1811] GREENLING [B1431] LINGCOD [B1384] SCORPIONFISH FAMILY [B1084] BANK ROCKFISH [B1772] BLACK ROCKFISH [B1770] BLUE ROCKFISH [B2667] BOCACCIO [B1682] BUTTERFLY COD [B2868] CANARY ROCKFISH [B1774] CHILIPEPPER (FISH) [B1769] COWCOD [B1767] LABRADOR REDFISH [B1768] OLIVE ROCKFISH [B1771] PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH [B1034] PLUMED SCORPIONFISH [B2608] RED ROCKFISH [B2900] REDFISH OR OCEAN PERCH [B1153] ROCKFISH [B2893] SPECKLED ROCKFISH [B1775] SPLITNOSE ROCKFISH [B2669] STRIPETAIL ROCKFISH [B2668] VERMILION ROCKFISH [B1766] WIDOW ROCKFISH [B1776] YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH [B1773] YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH [B1777] SEAROBIN FAMILY [B2235] BLUEFIN SEAROBIN [B2249] GREY GURNARD [B2703] SEAROBIN [B2195] FISH, SILURIFORM [B1598] BULLHEAD CATFISH FAMILY [B1040] CATFISH [B2620] BLUE CATFISH [B1900] BULLHEAD CATFISH [B2007] CHANNEL CATFISH [B1899] FLATHEAD CATFISH [B2582] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 261

WHITE CATFISH [B2183] YELLOW BULLHEAD [B2607] LABYRINTH CATFISH FAMILY [B1901] LONG WHISKERED CATFISH FAMILY [B1969] BRAZILIAN CATFISH [B2155] SOUTH AMERICAN CATFISH [B2154] SEA CATFISH FAMILY [B1155] GAFFTOPSAIL CATFISH [B2174] SEA CATFISH [B2374] SHEATFISH FAMILY [B2547] SHEATFISH [B2431] SILVER CATFISH [B2316] FISH, TETRAODONTIFORM [B1977] LEATHERJACKET FAMILY [B2138] FILEFISH [B2132] TRIGGERFISH [B2131] UNICORN FILEFISH [B2186] MOLA FAMILY [B2586] SHARPTAIL MOLA [B2584] PUFFERFISH FAMILY [B1990] BANDTAIL PUFFER [B2271] NORTHERN PUFFER [B2239] PUFFER [B2394] FUGU [B2175] PORCUPINE FISH [B2714] FISH, ZEIFORM [B1895] DORY FAMILY [B1891] EUROPEAN JOHN DORY [B2278] JOHN DORY [B2184] LOOKDOWN DORY [B2903] SILVER DORY [B2862] OREO FAMILY [B2576] BLACK OREO DORY [B2578] OREO DORY [B2577] SMOOTH OREO DORY [B2579] NEAT (FISH) [B2318] SILVERFISH [B2488] FISH, CARTILAGINOUS [B1007] FISH, CHIMAERIFORM [B2267] PLOWNOSE CHIMERA FAMILY [B2268] ELEPHANT FISH [B2269] SHORTNOSE CHIMAERA FAMILY [B2882] RATFISH [B2878] FISH, LAMNIFORM [B2553] HAMMERHEAD SHARK FAMILY [B2591] BONNETHEAD [B2594] GREAT HAMMERHEAD [B2593] HAMMERHEAD SHARK [B2598] SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD [B2592] SMALLEYE HAMMERHEAD [B2596] SMOOTH HAMMERHEAD [B2595] MACKEREL SHARK FAMILY [B1915] LONGFIN MAKO SHARK [B2472] MAKO SHARK [B2470] PORBEAGLE [B1978] SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK [B2471] REQUIEM SHARK FAMILY [B1916] SCHOOL SHARK [B2282] TOPE SHARK [B2525] SAND TIGER FAMILY [B2754] SAND TIGER [B2718] FISH, RAJIFORM [B1968] MANTA FAMILY [B2298] DEVIL RAY [B2296] DEVILFISH [B2297] SKATE FAMILY [B1976] SKATE [B1340] FISH, SQUALIFORM [B1911] ANGEL SHARK FAMILY [B1914] ANGEL SHARK [B1138]

262 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

DOGFISH SHARK FAMILY [B1912] BAXTERS DOGFISH [B2910] DOGFISH SHARK [B1195] DOGFISH SHARK, CARNIVOROUS [B2136] DOGFISH SHARK, HERBIVOROUS [B2137] SMOOTH DOGFISH [B2312] SPINY DOGFISH [B1913] SHARK [B1342] FISH, JAWLESS [B1164] LAMPREY [B2753] SEA LAMPREY [B2704] SHELLFISH OR CRUSTACEAN [B1059] CRUSTACEAN [B1374] CIRRIPED [B2128] BARNACLE [B2127] DECAPOD [B1998] CRAB [B1335] COCONUT CRAB FAMILY [B2218] COCONUT CRAB [B2219] DEEP SEA CRAB FAMILY [B2228] PACIFIC DEEP SEA CRAB [B2229] RED DEEPSEA CRAB [B1943] HORSE CRAB FAMILY [B2230] KEGANI CRAB [B1961] LAND CRAB FAMILY [B2342] MUD CRAB FAMILY [B2215] ERIPHIA LAEVIMONA [B2217] ERIPHIA SCABRICULA [B2216] FLORIDA STONE CRAB [B1944] ROCK CRAB FAMILY [B2351] ATLANTIC ROCK CRAB [B2350] DUNGENESS CRAB [B1180] EDIBLE ROCK CRAB [B1960] SHORE, MARSH AND TALON CRAB FAMILY [B2220] LINED SHORE CRAB [B2221] SPIDER CRAB FAMILY [B2222] GROOVED TANNER CRAB [B2223] JAPANESE SPIDER CRAB [B2225] NEW ZEALAND SPIDER CRAB [B2105] SNOW CRAB [B1497] SOUTHERN TANNER CRAB [B1182] TRIANGLE TANNER CRAB [B2224] SPONGE CRAB FAMILY [B2226] HAIRY CRAB [B2227] STONE AND KING CRAB FAMILY [B2209] BLUE KING CRAB [B2210] GOLDEN CRAB [B2343] HANASAKI CRAB [B1093] KING CRAB [B1498] RED KING CRAB [B2211] SWIMMING CRAB FAMILY [B2212] BLUE CRAB [B1648] BLUE SWIMMING CRAB [B2213] ORIENTAL BLUE CRAB [B2214] SWIMMING CRAB [B2106] CRAWFISH OR CRAYFISH [B2686] RED SWAMP CRAYFISH [B2231] KRILL [B2844] ANTARCTIC KRILL [B1954] LOBSTER [B1505] CLAWED LOBSTER FAMILY [B1986] AMERICAN LOBSTER [B1949] DEEP SEA LOBSTER [B2232] EUROPEAN LOBSTER [B1950] NORWAY LOBSTER [B1956] SLIPPER LOBSTER FAMILY [B1997] PINKISH FAN LOBSTER [B2207] SLIPPER LOBSTER [B2491] SPINY LOBSTER FAMILY [B2163] CAPE SPINY LOBSTER [B2166] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 263

CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER [B2164] COMMON SPINY LOBSTER [B2203] GILCHRIST SPINY LOBSTER [B2167] JAPANESE SPINY LOBSTER [B2168] ORNATE SPINY LOBSTER [B2165] PAINTED SPINY LOBSTER [B1948] PANULIRUS RISSORE [B2201] PRONGHORN SPINY LOBSTER [B2202] ROYAL SPINY LOBSTER [B2208] SCALLOPED SPINY LOBSTER [B2204] SPINY LOBSTER [B1075] LONGLEGGED SPINY LOBSTER [B2169] SQUAT LOBSTER FAMILY [B2162] LANGOSTINO [B2486] COLORADO LANGOSTINO [B2205] LANGOSTINO AMARILLO [B2206] SHRIMP [B1237] ANOSTRACA SHRIMP FAMILY [B2465] BRINE SHRIMP [B2464] CRANGONID SHRIMP FAMILY [B2574] BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] SAND SHRIMP [B2575] PALAEMONID SHRIMP FAMILY [B1163] COMMON PRAWN [B2880] GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN [B1263] PANDALID SHRIMP FAMILY [B1119] NORTHERN SHRIMP [B1970] SIDESTRIPED SHRIMP [B2888] PENAEID SHRIMP FAMILY [B1081] BLUE SHRIMP [B2233] BROWN ROCK SHRIMP [B1098] BROWN SHRIMP [B2874] GIANT TIGER PRAWN [B2612] GRASS SHRIMP [B2480] PINK SHRIMP [B2580] PINKSPOTTED SHRIMP [B1957] RED SHRIMP [B2614] REDTAIL PRAWN [B2613] SEABOB [B2320] WHITE SHRIMP [B1149] WHITELEG SHRIMP [B2234] SICYONID SHRIMP FAMILY [B1086] SHELLFISH [B1433] MOLLUSK [B2112] BIVALVE [B2113] ARKSHELL [B2432] CLAM [B1331] AMERICAN RAZOR CLAM [B2326] ASIAN CLAM [B2646] ATLANTIC SURFCLAM [B1959] BUTTER CLAM [B1065] CALICO CLAM [B2319] HARD CLAM [B2193] HEN CLAM [B2590] JAPANESE HARD CLAM [B2386] JAPANESE LITTLENECK CLAM [B2354] MARGIN JACKKNIFE [B2716] NEW ZEALAND SURF CLAM [B2684] NORTHERN QUAHOG [B1068] OCEAN QUAHOG [B1953] PACIFIC GEODUCK [B2538] PACIFIC LITTLENECK CLAM [B1035] PIPI CLAM [B2682] PURPLE CLAM [B1030] QUAHOG [B2501] RAZOR SHELL CLAM [B2879] SOFTSHELL CLAM [B2356] TUA TUA [B2261] VENUS CLAM [B2890] COCKLE [B1317]

264 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SPINY COCKLE [B1964] MUSSEL [B1223] BLUE MUSSEL [B2875] CALIFORNIA MUSSEL [B1046] NEW ZEALAND GREEN MUSSEL [B1963] NORTHERN HORSE MUSSEL [B1037] OYSTER [B1224] EASTERN OYSTER [B1951] JAPANESE OYSTER [B2876] NEW ZEALAND DREDGE OYSTER [B2690] NEW ZEALAND ROCK OYSTER [B1952] OLYMPIA OYSTER [B1958] PACIFIC OYSTER [B1979] PEN SHELL [B2881] SCALLOP [B1489] BAY SCALLOP [B2459] CALICO SCALLOP [B1945] ICELAND SCALLOP [B1947] JAPANESE SCALLOP [B2353] NEW ZEALAND COMMERCIAL SCALLOP [B1946] QUEEN SCALLOP [B2715] SEA SCALLOP [B1050] CEPHALOPOD [B2116] CUTTLEFISH [B1644] OCTOPUS [B1514] SPOTTED OCTOPUS [B1054] SQUID [B1205] ARROW SQUID [B2683] GASTROPOD [B2111] ARCHAEOGASTROPOD [B1002] ABALONE [B1408] BLACKFOOT ABALONE [B2681] LIMPET [B2279] KEYHOLE LIMPET [B2358] OWL LIMPET [B2357] TOP SHELL [B2321] MESOGASTROPOD [B1008] COMMON PERIWINKLE [B2717] CONCH [B1259] PERIWINKLE FAMILY [B2925] NEOGASTROPOD [B1010] SNAIL [B2114] ROCK SHELL SNAIL [B2322] SNAIL, LAND [B1455] SNAIL, WATER [B1135] WHELK [B1633] INSECT [B1220] ANT (INSECT) [B2495] GRASSHOPPER [B2496] MEAT ANIMAL (MAMMAL) [B1134] ANTELOPE [B1481] CHAMOIS [B2698] ARMADILLO [B1626] BEAR [B2406] BEAVER [B1325] BISON [B2098] BUFFALO [B1476] ASIAN WATER BUFFALO [B2095] BEEFALO [B2407] CAMEL [B2103] CATTLE [B1161] BEEFALO [B2407] CALF [B1349] CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF [B1000] SWINE AND CALF [B2242] CATTLE AND GOAT [B2245] CATTLE AND LAMB [B2396] CATTLE AND SHEEP [B2244] CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT [B2247] CATTLE AND SWINE [B1105] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 265

CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF [B1000] CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP [B2243] COW [B1201] DEER FAMILY [B1500] CARIBOU [B1509] DEER [B1583] MULE DEER [B1622] MUSK DEER [B1620] REINDEER [B1619] SIKA DEER [B1621] WHITE-TAILED DEER [B1537] ELK [B1292] MOOSE [B1257] DONKEY [B2096] MULE [B2093] ELEPHANT [B2129] GOAT [B1328] CATTLE AND GOAT [B2245] CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT [B2247] DOE (GOAT) [B2611] KID [B2702] SHEEP AND GOAT [B2101] HARE [B2695] HIPPOPOTAMUS [B2130] HORSE [B1229] MULE [B2093] KANGAROO [B2092] LLAMA [B2741] MARINE MAMMAL [B1122] SEAL [B1341] WALRUS [B2090] WHALE [B1343] MONKEY [B2439] MUSKRAT [B1527] NUTRIA [B2094] OPOSSUM [B1450] RABBIT [B1323] RACCOON [B1461] SHEEP [B1183] CATTLE AND SHEEP [B2244] CATTLE AND SHEEP AND GOAT [B2247] CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP [B2243] EWE [B2610] LAMB [B1669] CATTLE AND LAMB [B2396] SHEEP AND GOAT [B2101] SQUIRREL [B1389] SWINE [B1136] BARROW [B1280] BOAR [B2248] CATTLE AND SWINE [B1105] CATTLE AND SWINE AND CALF [B1000] CATTLE AND SWINE AND SHEEP [B2243] SWINE AND CALF [B2242] WOODCHUCK [B1576] ZEBRA [B2097] POULTRY OR GAME BIRD [B1563] CHICKEN [B1457] BROILER OR FRYER CHICKEN [B1198] CAPON [B1711] HEN [B1713] ROASTER CHICKEN [B1710] ROOSTER [B1714] STAG CHICKEN [B1712] DOVE [B1203] DUCK [B1316] EMU [B2719] GOOSE [B1253] GROUSE [B1251] GUINEA FOWL [B1125]

266 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

OSTRICH [B2118] PARTRIDGE [B1382] PHEASANT [B1460] PIGEON [B1304] PTARMIGAN [B2697] QUAIL [B1346] ROCK CORNISH FOWL [B1591] SNIPE [B2696] TURKEY (POULTRY) [B1236] WOODCOCK [B2119] REPTILE [B1625] ALLIGATOR [B2440] CROCODILE [B2441] LIZARD [B2293] GECKO [B2615] IGUANA [B2701] SNAKE [B1295] RATTLESNAKE [B2438] TURTLE [B1242] DIAMONDBACK TERRAPIN [B2413] GREEN TURTLE [B2412] CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE [B1041] FOOD ADDITIVE, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [B2972] ACACIA GUM (GUM ARABIC) [B2975] ACESULFAME K [B2976] ACETIC ACID [B2977] ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B2978] ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE [B2979] ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE [B2980] ACETYLATED STARCH [B2981] ADIPIC ACID [B2982] AGAR [B2983] ALGINIC ACID [B2984] ALLURA RED AC [B2985] ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL [B2986] ALUMINIUM [B2987] ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SULPHATE [B2988] ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SULPHATE [B2989] ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) [B2990] ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE [B2991] ALUMINIUM SULPHATE [B2992] AMARANTH [B2993] AMIDATED PECTIN [B2994] AMMONIA CARAMEL [B2995] AMMONIUM ALGINATE [B2996] AMMONIUM CARBONATE [B2997] AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE [B2998] AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE [B2999] AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES [B3000] AMMONIUM SULPHATE [B3001] ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN [B3002] ANTHOCYANINS [B3003] ARGON [B3004] ASCORBIC ACID [B3005] ASCORBYL PALMITATE [B3006] ASCORBYL STEARATE [B3007] ASPARTAME [B3008] AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE [B3009] BEESWAX, WHITE AND YELLOW [B3010] BEETROOT RED, BETANIN [B3011] BENTONITE [B3012] BENZOIC ACID [B3013] BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL (C 30) [B3014] BETA-CAROTENE [B3015] BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL [B3016] BORIC ACID [B3017] BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN [B3018] BRILLIANT BLUE FCF [B3019] BROWN FK [B3020] BROWN HT [B3021] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 267

BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) [B3022] BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT) [B3023] CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE [B3024] CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES [B3025] CALCIUM ACETATE [B3026] CALCIUM ALGINATE [B3027] CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE [B3028] CALCIUM ASCORBATE [B3029] CALCIUM BENZOATE [B3030] CALCIUM CARBONATE [B3031] CALCIUM CHLORIDE [B3032] CALCIUM CYCLAMATE [B3033] CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE [B3034] CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOSPHATE [B3035] CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE (CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA) [B3036] CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE [B3037] CALCIUM GLUCONATE [B3038] CALCIUM GUANYLATE [B3039] CALCIUM HYDROGEN MALATE [B3040] CALCIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE [B3041] CALCIUM HYDROXIDE [B3042] CALCIUM INOSINATE [B3043] CALCIUM LACTATE [B3044] CALCIUM MALATE [B3045] CALCIUM OXIDE [B3046] CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATES [B3047] CALCIUM PROPIONATE [B3048] CALCIUM SACCHARIN [B3049] CALCIUM SILICATE [B3050] CALCIUM SORBATE [B3051] CALCIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE [B3052] CALCIUM SULPHATE [B3053] CALCIUM SULPHITE [B3054] CALCIUM TARTRATE [B3055] CANDELILLA WAX [B3056] CANTHAXANTHIN [B3057] CARBAMIDE [B3058] CARBON DIOXIDE [B3059] CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE [B3060] CARNAUBA WAX [B3061] CARRAGEENAN [B3062] CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL [B3063] CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3064] CHLOROPHYLLS [B3065] CITRIC ACID [B3066] CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3067] COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, CARMINES [B3068] COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS [B3069] COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS [B3070] CURCUMIN [B3071] CYCLAMIC ACID [B3072] DELTA-TOCOPHEROL [B3073] DICALCIUM CITRATE [B3074] DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3075] DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE [B3076] DIMETHYL DICARBONATE [B3077] DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE [B3078] DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3079] DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE [B3080] DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE [B3081] DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE [B3082] DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE [B3083] DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES [B3084] DISODIUM CITRATE [B3085] DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3086] DISODIUM GUANYLATE [B3087] DISODIUM INOSINATE [B3088] DISODIUM PHOSPHATE [B3089] DISODIUM TARTRATE [B3090] DISTARCH PHOSPHATE [B3091]

268 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

DODECYL GALLATE [B3092] ERYTHORBIC ACID [B3093] ERYTHROSINE [B3094] ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID (C 30) [B3095] ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE [B3096] ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3097] FATTY ACIDS [B3098] FERROUS GLUCONATE [B3099] FERROUS LACTATE [B3100] FUMARIC ACID [B3101] GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL [B3102] GELLAN GUM [B3103] GLUCONIC ACID [B3104] GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE [B3105] GLUTAMIC ACID [B3106] GLYCEROL [B3107] GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSINS [B3108] GLYCERYL TRIACETATE [B3109] GLYCINE [B3110] GOLD [B3111] GREENS S [B3112] GUANYLIC ACID [B3113] GUAR GUM [B3114] HELIUM [B3115] HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE [B3116] HYDROCHLORIC ACID [B3117] HYDROXY PROPYL DISTARCH PHOSPHATE [B3118] HYDROXY PROPYL STARCH [B3119] HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE [B3120] HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE [B3121] INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE [B3122] INOSINIC ACID [B3123] IRON OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES [B3124] ISOMALT [B3125] KARAYA GUM [B3126] LACTIC ACID [B3127] LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3128] LACTITOL [B3129] LECITHINS [B3130] LITHOLRUBINE BK [B3131] LOCUST BEAN GUM [B3132] LUTEIN [B3133] LYCOPENE [B3134] LYSOZYME [B3135] MAGNESIUM CARBONATE [B3136] MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE [B3137] MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE [B3138] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE [B3139] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CARBONATE [B3140] MAGNESIUM OXIDE [B3141] MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3142] MAGNESIUM SILICATE [B3143] MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE [B3144] MALIC ACID [B3145] MALTITOL [B3146] MALTITOL SYRUP [B3147] MANNITOL [B3148] METATARTARIC ACID [B3149] METHYL CELLULOSE [B3150] METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3151] MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE [B3152] MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3153] MIXED CAROTENES [B3154] MONO- AND DIACETYL TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3155] MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3156] MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE [B3157] MONOCALCIUM CITRATE [B3158] MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE [B3159] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 269

MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE [B3160] MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE [B3161] MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE [B3162] MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE [B3163] MONOSODIUM CITRATE [B3164] MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE [B3165] MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE [B3166] MONOSODIUM TARTRATE [B3167] MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE [B3168] MONTAN ACID ESTERS [B3169] NATAMYCIN [B3170] NEOHESPERIDINE D C [B3171] NISIN [B3172] NITROGEN [B3173] NITROUS OXIDE [B3174] OCTYL GALLATE [B3175] ORTOPHENYL PHENOL [B3176] OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE WAX [B3177] OXIDIZED STARCH [B3178] OXYGEN [B3179] PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN [B3180] PATENT BLUE V [B3181] PECTIN [B3182] PENTAPOTASSIUM TRIPHOSPHATE [B3183] PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE [B3184] PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE [B3185] PHOSPHORIC ACID [B3186] PLAIN CARAMEL [B3187] POLYDEXTROSE [B3188] POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3189] POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE [B3190] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 20) [B3191] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) [B3192] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE (POLYSORBATE 40) [B3193] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 60) [B3194] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 65) [B3195] POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE [B3196] POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE [B3197] POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE [B3198] PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A [B3199] POTASSIUM ACETATE [B3200] POTASSIUM ADIPATE [B3201] POTASSIUM ALGINATE [B3202] POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE [B3203] POTASSIUM BENZOATE [B3204] POTASSIUM CARBONATE [B3205] POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [B3206] POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE [B3207] POTASSIUM GLUCONATE [B3208] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE [B3209] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE [B3210] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE [B3211] POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [B3212] POTASSIUM LACTATE [B3213] POTASSIUM MALATE [B3214] POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE [B3215] POTASSIUM NITRATE [B3216] POTASSIUM NITRITE [B3217] POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE [B3218] POTASSIUM PROPIONATE [B3219] POTASSIUM SACCHARIN [B3220] POTASSIUM SORBATE [B3221] POTASSIUM SULPHATE [B3222] POWDERED CELLULOSE [B3223] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PROPYLENE GLYCOL) [B3224] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE [B3225] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3226] PROPIONIC ACID [B3227] PROPYL GALLATE [B3228] PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3229]

270 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

QUILLAIA EXTRACT [B3230] QUINOLINE YELLOW [B3231] RED 2G [B3232] RIBOFLAVIN [B3233] RIBOFLAVIN-5'-PHOSPHATE [B3234] SACCHARIN [B3235] SHELLAC [B3236] SILICIUM DIOXIDE [B3237] SILVER [B3238] SODIUM ACETATE [B3239] SODIUM ADIPATE [B3240] SODIUM ALGINATE [B3241] SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC [B3242] SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE [B3243] SODIUM ASCORBATE [B3244] SODIUM BENZOATE [B3245] SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE [B3246] SODIUM CARBONATE [B3247] SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE [B3248] SODIUM CYCLAMATE [B3249] SODIUM ERYTHORBATE [B3250] SODIUM ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3251] SODIUM FERROCYANIDE [B3252] SODIUM GLUCONATE [B3253] SODIUM GLYCINATE [B3254] SODIUM HYDROGEN ACETATE (SODIUM DIACETATE) [B3255] SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE [B3256] SODIUM HYDROGEN MALATE [B3257] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE [B3258] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE [B3259] SODIUM HYDROXIDE [B3260] SODIUM LACTATE [B3261] SODIUM MALATE [B3262] SODIUM METABISULPHITE [B3263] SODIUM METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3264] SODIUM NITRATE [B3265] SODIUM NITRITE [B3266] SODIUM ORTOPHENYL PHENOL [B3267] SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE [B3268] SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE [B3269] SODIUM PROPIONATE [B3270] SODIUM PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE [B3271] SODIUM SACCHARIN [B3272] SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE [B3273] SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE [B3274] SODIUM SULPHATE [B3275] SODIUM SULPHITE [B3276] SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) [B3277] SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3278] SORBIC ACID [B3279] SORBITAN MONOLAURATE [B3280] SORBITAN MONOOLEATE [B3281] SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE [B3282] SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE [B3283] SORBITAN TRISTEARATE [B3284] SORBITOL [B3285] SORBITOL SYRUP [B3286] STANNOUS CHLORIDE [B3287] STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE [B3288] STEARYL TARTRATE [B3289] SUCCINIC ACID [B3290] SUCROGLYCERIDES [B3291] SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE [B3292] SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS [B3293] SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL [B3294] SULPHUR DIOXIDE [B3295] SULPHURIC ACID [B3296] SUNSET YELLOW FCF, ORANGE YELLOW S [B3297] TALC [B3298] TARA GUM [B3299] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 271

TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) [B3300] TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3301] TARTRAZINE [B3302] TETRAPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3303] TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3304] THAUMATIN [B3305] THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL INTERACTED WITH MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS [B3306] THIABENDAZOLE [B3307] TITANIUM DIOXIDE [B3308] TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT [B3309] TRAGACANTH [B3310] TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE [B3311] TRICALCIUM CITRATE [B3312] TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE [B3313] TRIETHYL CITRATE [B3314] TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE [B3315] TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE [B3316] TRISODIUM CITRATE [B3317] TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE [B3318] TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE [B3319] VEGETABLE CARBON [B3320] XANTHAN GUM [B3321] XYLITOL [B3322] OTHER CHEMICAL FOOD SOURCE [B2973] CITRIC ACID [B1650] MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE [B1652] POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [B1653] SODIUM BICARBONATE [B1654] SODIUM CHLORIDE [B1655] SODIUM CHLORIDE MIXT. WITH POTASSIUM CHLORIDE [B1656] FOOD SOURCE NOT KNOWN [B0001] LIQUID AS FOOD SOURCE [B2974] ALCOHOL [B3324] HUMAN AS MILK SOURCE [B1087] WATER [B1217] MINERAL WATER [B1288] TAP WATER/TABLE WATER [B3323] PLANT USED AS FOOD SOURCE [B1347] AZTEC MARIGOLD [B2339] BETEL [B2310] BETEL NUT PALM [B2311] FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANT [B1140] BERRY [B1231] BARBERRY [B2492] BERRY, BRAMBLE [B1121] BLACKBERRY [B1407] BOYSENBERRY [B1063] DEWBERRY [B1490] LOGANBERRY [B1401] OLALLIEBERRY [B2609] YOUNGBERRY [B1388] CLOUDBERRY [B2029] RASPBERRY [B1494] BLACK RASPBERRY [B1618] RED RASPBERRY [B1096] TAYBERRY [B2520] BERRY, RIBES [B1159] CURRANT [B1528] BLACK CURRANT [B1192] RED CURRANT [B1055] WHITE CURRANT [B2752] GOOSEBERRY [B1394] BERRY, VACCINIUM [B1614] BILBERRY [B2013] BLUEBERRY [B1491] HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY [B2026] BOG BILBERRY [B2970] CRANBERRY [B1508] SMALL CRANBERRY [B2969]

272 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

HUCKLEBERRY [B1064] LINGONBERRY (COWBERRY) [B1019] ELDERBERRY [B1403] GRAPE [B1329] GRAPE, EUROPEAN [B2121] GRAPE, CORINTH [B2038] GRAPE, MUSCAT [B1178] GRAPE, SULTANA [B1072] GRAPE, THOMPSON SEEDLESS [B1045] GRAPE, FOX [B2001] GRAPE, CONCORD [B2122] GRAPE, MUSCADINE [B2123] GRAPE, ONDERDONK [B2124] HOLLY [B1697] MULBERRY [B1501] BLACK MULBERRY [B2776] WHITE MULBERRY [B2954] STRAWBERRY [B1393] EUROPEAN STRAWBERRY [B2948] VIRGINIA STRAWBERRY [B2949] CACTUS [B2241] PITAYA [B2781] CASCARA SAGRADA [B2340] CITRUS FRUIT [B1139] CALAMONDIN [B2625] CITRON [B1211] CLEMENTINE [B1751] GRAPEFRUIT [B1507] GRAPEFRUIT AND ORANGE [B1028] PINEAPPLE AND GRAPEFRUIT [B1246] KUMQUAT [B1530] OVAL KUMQUAT [B2774] ROUND KUMQUAT [B2775] LEMON [B1275] LIME (CITRUS) [B1067] MANDARIN ORANGE [B1429] KING ORANGE [B2468] SATSUMA ORANGE [B2722] TEMPLE ORANGE [B2469] ORANGE [B1339] CALIFORNIA VALENCIA ORANGE [B1056] GRAPEFRUIT AND ORANGE [B1028] ORANGE AND APRICOT [B1709] PINEAPPLE AND ORANGE [B1631] SOUR ORANGE [B1193] BERGAMOT ORANGE [B1898] SUMMER ORANGE [B2315] TEMPLE ORANGE [B2469] PRICKLY ASH [B2295] PUMMELO [B2018] TANGELO [B1473] UGLI FRUIT [B1502] CORE OR POME FRUIT [B1599] APPLE [B1245] CRABAPPLE [B1488] FIRE THORN [B2349] HAW [B1708] JUNEBERRY [B1435] MEDLAR [B2014] PEAR [B1344] ANJOU PEAR [B2081] BOSC PEAR [B2080] SAND PEAR [B1523] QUINCE [B1298] SERVICE TREE [B2963] MELON [B1283] CANTALOUPE [B1471] CASABA MELON [B1102] CRENSHAW MELON [B1661] HONEYDEW MELON [B1582] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 273

MANGO MELON [B2042] MUSKMELON [B2067] OGEN MELON [B2120] PERSIAN MELON [B1133] SANTA CLAUS MELON [B1578] WATERMELON [B1391] CITRON MELON [B2041] PERSIMMON [B1447] KAKI [B2766] PIT FRUIT [B1539] APRICOT [B1529] ORANGE AND APRICOT [B1709] AVOCADO [B1470] CHERRY [B1306] BLACK CHERRY [B2479] SOUR CHERRY [B1052] MORELLO CHERRY [B2506] SWEET CHERRY [B1091] CHOKECHERRY [B2044] CORNELIAN CHERRY [B2946] DATE [B1209] HARD-FLESHED CHERRY [B2957] LOQUAT [B1244] NECTARINE [B1436] PAWPAW [B1202] PEACH [B1350] PEACH, CLINGSTONE [B1593] PEACH, FREESTONE [B1585] PLUM [B1206] CHERRY PLUM [B1676] CHICKASAW PLUM [B2743] DAMSON PLUM [B1662] GREENGAGE PLUM [B1675] MIRABELLE PLUM [B2733] GOVERNOR'S PLUM [B2789] ITALIAN PRUNE PLUM [B2125] JAPANESE PLUM [B2736] PRUNE [B1207] WILD PLUM [B2670] SEA BUCKTHORN [B2748] POMEGRANATE [B1162] PRICKLY PEAR [B1672] INDIAN FIG [B2019] RHUBARB [B1364] SUMAC [B2161] TROPICAL OR SUBTROPICAL FRUIT [B1024] ACEROLA [B1360] AFRICAN EBONY [B2818] AFRICAN FAN PALM [B2799] AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN [B2926] AFRICAN MANGO [B2806] AFRICAN PEACH [B2784] AKEE [B1690] AMBARELLA [B1284] ANONIDIUM [B2833] ANTIDESMA [B2834] ANTROCARYON [B2835] ARABIAN MUMMUM [B2796] AVOCADO [B1470] BABACO [B2797] BANANA [B1266] APPLE BANANA [B1568] DWARF BANANA [B1559] RED BANANA [B1561] BANANA PASSIONFRUIT [B2028] BAOBAB [B2759] BELWISIA [B2826] BILIMBI [B2513] BITTERWOOD [B2793] BOSCIA [B2838]

274 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BRASILIAN GUAVA [B2958] BREADFRUIT [B1504] BRIDELIA [B2839] BUSH MANGO [B2841] CANTHIUM [B2798] CARAMBOLA [B1686] CHERIMOYA [B1687] CHRIST'S THORN [B2795] CHRYSOPHYLLUM [B2843] CIRUELA [B2398] COCO PLUM [B2763] CUSTARD APPLE [B1689] DACRYODES [B2769] DATE [B1209] DESERT DATE [B2837] DETARIUM [B2770] DIALIUM [B2928] DOUM PALM [B2782] DURIAN [B2448] EBEN TREE [B2768] EUGENIA SPP. [B2921] EUGENIA CAPENSIS [B2778] FADOGIA [B2800] FADOGIELLA [B2801] FERETIA [B2802] FICUS SPP. [B2922] CLOWN FIG [B2539] FICUS ITEOPHYLLA [B2824] FICUS PLATYPHYLLA [B2823] FIG [B1302] SYCAMORE FIG [B2779] GAMBEYA [B2790] GARCINIA [B2803] GIANT GRANADILLA [B2785] GINGERBREAD PLUM [B2829] GRAY PLUM [B2828] GREWIA [B2804] GUAREA [B2805] GUAVA [B1333] STRAWBERRY GUAVA [B1649] GUMVINE [B2792] HAIRY LANDOLPHIA [B2808] HOG PLUM [B1307] INCENSE TREE [B2840] JACKFRUIT [B1545] JAMBOLAN [B1651] JUJUBE [B1311] CHINESE RED DATE [B2008] INDIAN JUJUBE [B2794] KIWIFRUIT [B1664] LANDOLPHIA [B2807] LITCHI [B1212] LONGAN [B1628] LOQUAT [B1244] MAMMEA [B2810] MAMMY APPLE [B1685] MANGO [B1270] MANGOSTEEN [B2037] MARMALADE BOX [B2662] MIMUSOPS [B2811] MIRACLE FRUIT [B2030] MOBOLA PLUM [B2827] MOUNTAIN APPLE [B2831] NARANJILLA [B2062] NATAL ORANGE [B2787] NATAL PLUM [B1482] OHELOBERRY [B1688] OLAX [B2812] OTAHEITE GOOSEBERRY [B2360] PAPAYA [B1249] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 275

PASSION FRUIT [B1634] PAULINIA [B2813] PEPINO [B2493] PINEAPPLE [B1484] PINEAPPLE AND GRAPEFRUIT [B1246] PINEAPPLE AND ORANGE [B1631] PINEAPPLE GUAVA [B2767] PLANTAIN (MUSA) [B1439] POND APPLE [B2939] PSEUDOSPONDIAS [B2923] RAMBUTAN [B1629] ROSEAPPLE [B2020] RUBUS [B2819] SALACIA [B2929] SANTOL [B2449] SAPODILLA [B1693] SAPOTE [B1694] SCLEROCARYA [B2822] SENEGAL DATE PALM [B2786] SOAPBERRY [B2836] SORINDEIA [B2815] SOURPLUM [B2832] SOURSOP [B1480] SPANISH LIME [B1468] SPANISH PLUM [B2964] STAR APPLE [B2036] STRAWBERRY TREE [B2761] STRYCHNOS [B2930] SURINAM CHERRY [B1657] SWARTZIA [B2931] SWEET DATTOCK [B2771] SWEET GARCINIA [B2780] SWEETSOP [B1477] TALLOW TREE (DETARIUM) [B2772] TAMARIND [B1695] TOOTH-BRUSH TREE [B2814] TRICHOSCYPHA [B2820] UAPACA [B2821] VANGUERIOPSIS [B2932] VELVET TAMARIND [B2773] VITEX [B2933] BLACK PLUM [B2920] WATER BERRY [B2830] WATER ROSEAPPLE [B2777] WHITE RUBBER VINE [B2809] WHITE STAR APPLE [B2764] WILD APRICOT [B2791] WILD CUSTARD APPLE [B2762] WILD GRAPE [B2825] WOOD APPLE [B2845] ZANHA AFRICANA [B2816] ZANHA GOULOUNGENSIS [B2817] GRAIN OR SEED-PRODUCING PLANT [B1047] CHIA [B1723] FLEAWORT [B2659] GRAIN [B1324] AMARANTH (GRAIN) [B1717] BARLEY [B1230] BUCKWHEAT [B1405] CORN [B1232] FIELD CORN [B1379] FIELD CORN, WHITE [B1577] FIELD CORN, YELLOW [B1580] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] POPCORN [B1454] POPCORN, WHITE [B1151] POPCORN, YELLOW [B1617] VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] SUCCOTASH [B1361] TRIPLE SUCCOTASH [B1606]

276 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

VEGETABLE CORN, WHITE [B1597] VEGETABLE CORN, YELLOW [B1595] MILLET [B2505] HUNGRY RICE [B2043] KODO MILLET [B2504] MILLET, COMMON [B1285] PEARL MILLET [B2140] NUTSEDGE [B2503] OAT [B1219] QUINOA [B2027] RICE [B1322] RED RICE [B2512] RYE [B1313] COMMON RYE [B2352] SORGHUM [B1448] DURRA, BROWN [B2622] TEFF [B2475] TRITICALE [B1358] WHEAT [B1312] DURUM WHEAT [B1079] HARD WHEAT [B1418] SOFT WHEAT [B1421] SPELT [B2917] WILD RICE [B1375] GUARANA [B2063] JOB'S TEARS [B2341] NUT OR EDIBLE SEED [B1607] EDIBLE SEED [B1174] COTTON [B1210] EURYALE [B2524] JOJOBA [B1704] LOTUS [B1216] PUMPKIN [B1456] SAFFLOWER [B1548] SESAME [B1226] SOYBEAN [B1452] SUNFLOWER [B1547] NUT [B1213] PEANUT [B1337] PEANUT WITH OTHER NUT OR SEED [B1525] TEMPERATE-ZONE NUT [B1062] ACORN [B1715] ALMOND [B1272] ALMOND, BITTER [B2721] ALMOND, SWEET [B2720] BEECHNUT [B1543] BREADNUT [B1722] CHESTNUT [B1544] CHINESE CHESTNUT [B2416] EUROPEAN CHESTNUT [B1584] JAPANESE CHESTNUT [B2417] EUROPEAN FILBERT [B1533] GINKGO [B1260] HICKORY [B1553] PECAN [B1320] PINE NUT [B1596] WALNUT [B1290] BLACK WALNUT [B1071] BUTTERNUT [B1453] CHINESE WALNUT [B2616] ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130] TROPICAL OR SUBTROPICAL NUT [B1022] BRAZILNUT [B1463] CASHEW [B1221] ORIENTAL CASHEW [B2517] COCONUT [B1536] MACADAMIA [B1451] PILI TREE [B1289] PISTACHIO [B1416] LEUCAENA [B2443] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 277

LILY [B2451] ORCHARDGRASS [B2337] PLANT USED FOR PRODUCING EXTRACT OR CONCENTRATE [B1013] CARBOHYDRATE-PRODUCING PLANT [B1048] AGAVE [B1535] CENTURY PLANT [B2002] KAVA [B2060] PALM [B1286] BABASSU PALM [B1707] SAGO PALM [B2139] POLYSACCHARIDE-PRODUCING PLANT [B1009] CELLULOSE-PRODUCING PLANT [B1015] PINUS GENUS [B1083] HEMICELLULOSE-PRODUCING PLANT [B1014] ACACIA (GENUS) [B1327] AGAR [B1033] CAROB BEAN [B1366] GUAR [B1334] PECTIN-PRODUCING PLANT [B1011] STARCH-PRODUCING PLANT [B1016] ARROWROOT [B2400] CASSAVA [B1352] DEVILS TONGUE [B2344] KONJAC [B2637] FIELD CORN [B1379] FIELD CORN, WHITE [B1577] FIELD CORN, YELLOW [B1580] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] SUGAR-PRODUCING PLANT [B1012] ALOE [B2348] CLOVER [B1254] RED CLOVER [B2333] SWEET CLOVER [B2332] FIELD CORN [B1379] FIELD CORN, WHITE [B1577] FIELD CORN, YELLOW [B1580] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] SORGHUM [B1448] DURRA, BROWN [B2622] SUGAR BEET [B1370] SUGAR CANE [B1378] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] SUGAR MAPLE [B1167] SUGAR PALM [B1485] COCA [B2053] OIL-PRODUCING PLANT [B1017] CACAO [B1318] CASTOR BEAN [B1703] COCONUT [B1536] COMELLO [B1474] COTTON [B1210] CRAMBE [B1336] EVENING PRIMROSE [B2109] FIELD CORN [B1379] FIELD CORN, WHITE [B1577] FIELD CORN, YELLOW [B1580] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] FLAX [B1700] HORSERADISH TREE [B1748] ILLIPE [B2110] JOJOBA [B1704] LUPINE BEAN [B1701] MAFURRA [B2329] MARIHUANA PLANT [B2323] NIGER (PLANT) [B2066] OLIVE [B1299] BLACK OLIVE [B1170] GREEN OLIVE [B1169] PALM [B1286] BABASSU PALM [B1707]

278 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

SAGO PALM [B2139] PEANUT [B1337] PEANUT WITH OTHER NUT OR SEED [B1525] PERILLA [B2919] PRICKLY POPPY [B2156] RAPE [B1248] SAFFLOWER [B1548] SAL TREE [B2363] SESAME [B1226] SHEANUT [B1667] SOYBEAN [B1452] SUNFLOWER [B1547] UCUHUBA [B1699] WALNUT [B1290] BLACK WALNUT [B1071] BUTTERNUT [B1453] CHINESE WALNUT [B2616] ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130] WILD CAIA [B2272] PROTEIN-PRODUCING PLANT [B1049] ALFALFA [B1359] SOYBEAN [B1452] REED FESCUE [B2338] SPICE OR FLAVOR-PRODUCING PLANT [B1179] AFRAMOMUM [B2760] AJOWAN [B2515] ALLSPICE [B1356] ANGELICA [B1377] ANGOSTURA (TREE) [B1188] ANISE [B1296] ASAFETIDA [B2171] BALM, LEMON [B2621] BASIL, BUSH [B1145] BASIL, SWEET [B1158] BAY [B1197] BEEFSTEAK PLANT [B2135] BITTERSWEET, EUROPEAN [B1076] BRAZILIAN PEPPER TREE [B2347] CACAO [B1318] CAPER [B1247] CARAWAY [B1549] CARDAMOM [B1665] CAROB BEAN [B1366] CASSIA, BATAVIA [B1556] CATNIP [B2046] CELERY [B1282] CHAMOMILE [B2045] CHAPARRAL [B2047] CHERVIL [B1444] CHINESE KALE [B2421] CHIVE [B1294] CHINESE CHIVE [B2419] CINNAMON [B1472] CINNAMON, CHINESE [B1572] CINNAMON, SAIGON [B1590] PADANG CASSIA [B2944] CLOVE [B1255] COCA [B2053] COCKLEBUR [B2055] COFFEE OR TEA [B2126] COFFEE [B1305] TEA [B1623] COLA [B1279] COLTSFOOT [B1647] CORIANDER [B1381] CUMIN [B1274] CUMIN, BLACK [B1176] DEVIL'S CLAW [B2050] DILL [B1277] EUCALYPTUS [B2661] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 279

FENNEL [B1262] FENUGREEK [B1696] FEVERFEW [B2054] GALANGAL [B2971] GREATER GALANGAL [B2601] LESSER GALANGAL [B2938] GARLIC [B1233] GINGER [B1265] GINSENG [B1673] GRAINS OF PARADISE [B2061] HOPS [B1517] HORSERADISH [B1146] HYSSOP [B2950] INDIAN LONG PEPPER [B2956] JAPAN PEPPER [B2306] JUNIPER [B2040] LEMON GRASS [B2273] LEMON VERBENA [B2953] LICORICE [B2048] LINDEN [B2051] BIGLEAF LINDEN [B2967] LITTLELEAF LINDEN [B2966] LOVAGE [B2952] MACE [B1321] MARJORAM, POT [B1097] MATE [B2059] MEXICAN TEA [B2058] MINT [B1267] PEPPERMINT [B1449] SPEARMINT [B1434] MISTLETOE [B2052] MUSTARD [B2069] BLACK MUSTARD [B1127] BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] MUSTARD, WHITE [B1148] NEVADA JOINTFIR [B2049] NUTMEG [B1214] OREGANO [B1542] OREGANO, MEXICAN [B2262] PARSLEY [B1550] TURNIP-ROOTED PARSLEY [B2734] PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE [B2255] PEPPER, BLACK [B1191] PEPPER, WHITE [B1141] PEPPER, GREEN OR RED [B1250] BELL PEPPER OR SWEET PEPPER [B2628] GREEN BELL PEPPER [B2629] RED BELL PEPPER [B2630] PIMIENTO PEPPER [B1531] YELLOW BELL PEPPER [B2631] CONE PEPPER [B2632] PAPRIKA [B1353] PUNGENT PEPPER VARIETY [B2633] CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] CLUSTER PEPPER [B2635] HOT PEPPER [B1643] ANAHEIM PEPPER [B2549] ANCHO PEPPER [B2550] ARBOL PEPPER [B2551] CASCABEL PEPPER [B2552] CUBANELLE PEPPER [B2583] GUAJILLO PEPPER [B2554] HABANERO PEPPER [B2555] JALAPENO PEPPER [B1666] MULATO PEPPER [B2557] NEW MEXICO RED PEPPER [B2558] PASILLA PEPPER [B2560] PEQUIN PEPPER [B2561] POBLANO PEPPER [B2559]

280 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

ROCOTILLO PEPPER [B2562] SERRANO PEPPER [B2563] THAI PEPPER [B2564] TABASCO PEPPER [B2636] POPPY [B1515] ROOIBOS [B2057] ROSE [B1225] DOG ROSE [B2961] ROSEMARY [B1495] SAFFRON [B1459] SAGE [B1303] SARSAPARILLA [B2065] SASSAFRAS [B1493] SAVORY, SUMMER [B1123] SAVORY, WINTER [B1114] SENNA [B2056] SPANISH THYME [B2134] STAR ANISE [B1464] SWEET MARJORAM [B1609] TARRAGON [B1469] THYME [B1199] THYME, WILD [B1173] TONKA [B1039] TURMERIC [B1425] VANILLA [B1355] WASABI [B2236] WINTERGREEN [B1386] ZEODARY [B2947] TIMOTHY [B2331] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT [B1579] CHINABERRY [B2157] CHUFA [B2159] FEATHER COCKSCOMB [B2158] GROUNDSEL [B2160] KRADON [B2461] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, ABOVE-GROUND PARTS USED [B1057] FERN [B2453] BRACKEN FERN [B2450] CINNAMON FERN [B2017] FLORET USED AS VEGETABLE [B1036] ARTICHOKE [B1466] CAULIFLOWER [B1094] BROCCOFLOWER [B2600] FRUIT USED AS VEGETABLE [B1006] AFRICAN HORNED CUCUMBER [B2842] AVOCADO [B1470] CAPE GOOSEBERRY [B1684] CHAYOTE [B1730] CHINESE LANTERN [B2955] CUCUMBER [B1404] EGGPLANT [B1458] GROUND CHERRY [B2519] MEXICAN HUSK TOMATO [B2015] HORSERADISH TREE [B1748] JAPAN PEPPER [B2306] OKRA [B1241] OLIVE [B1299] BLACK OLIVE [B1170] GREEN OLIVE [B1169] PEPPER, BLACK OR WHITE [B2255] PEPPER, BLACK [B1191] PEPPER, WHITE [B1141] PEPPER, GREEN OR RED [B1250] BELL PEPPER OR SWEET PEPPER [B2628] GREEN BELL PEPPER [B2629] RED BELL PEPPER [B2630] PIMIENTO PEPPER [B1531] YELLOW BELL PEPPER [B2631] CONE PEPPER [B2632] PAPRIKA [B1353] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 281

PUNGENT PEPPER VARIETY [B2633] CHERRY PEPPER [B2556] CLUSTER PEPPER [B2635] HOT PEPPER [B1643] ANAHEIM PEPPER [B2549] ANCHO PEPPER [B2550] ARBOL PEPPER [B2551] CASCABEL PEPPER [B2552] CUBANELLE PEPPER [B2583] GUAJILLO PEPPER [B2554] HABANERO PEPPER [B2555] JALAPENO PEPPER [B1666] MULATO PEPPER [B2557] NEW MEXICO RED PEPPER [B2558] PASILLA PEPPER [B2560] PEQUIN PEPPER [B2561] POBLANO PEPPER [B2559] ROCOTILLO PEPPER [B2562] SERRANO PEPPER [B2563] THAI PEPPER [B2564] TABASCO PEPPER [B2636] SQUASH, GOURD OR PUMPKIN [B2091] BALSAM APPLE [B2172] BITTER MELON [B1101] CHINESE PRESERVING MELON [B1616] FUZZY MELON [B2518] GOURD [B1719] CALABASH GOURD [B1720] DISHCLOTH GOURD [B1721] IVY GOURD [B2420] SQUASH [B1208] SUMMER SQUASH [B1190] SPAGHETTI SQUASH [B2508] VEGETABLE MARROW [B2031] ZUCCHINI [B1462] WINTER SQUASH [B1189] ACORN SQUASH [B2064] BANANA SQUASH [B2510] BUTTERNUT SQUASH [B2509] HUBBARD SQUASH [B2511] JAPANESE SQUASH [B2523] PUMPKIN [B1456] TOMATO [B1276] GLOBE TOMATO [B1078] MINIATURE TOMATO [B1608] PEAR TOMATO [B1107] TREE TOMATO [B2016] TRIPLE SUCCOTASH [B1606] HEAD VEGETABLE [B1194] BOK CHOY [B2077] BRUSSELS SPROUT [B1611] CABBAGE [B1406] GREEN CABBAGE [B2071] PAK KARD [B2456] RED CABBAGE [B2072] SAVOY CABBAGE [B2415] CHINESE OR CELERY CABBAGE [B1051] LETTUCE [B1390] BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE [B2084] BIBB LETTUCE [B2085] BOSTON LETTUCE [B2086] CELTUCE [B1728] ICEBERG LETTUCE [B2083] LOOSE LEAF LETTUCE [B2087] RED LEAF LETTUCE [B2088] ROMAINE [B2089] MUSTARD CABBAGE [B2397] RADICCHIO [B2452] HIBISCUS [B2082] ROSELLE [B1691]

282 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

LEAFY VEGETABLE [B1566] ASIATIC PENNYWORT [B2442] BORAGE [B1735] CHA OM [B2455] CHICORY [B1552] COFFEE CHICORY [B2943] CHINESE SWAMP CABBAGE [B2462] CHAA PHLUU [B2457] COLLARD [B1385] DANDELION [B1428] ENDIVE [B1314] BROADLEAVED ENDIVE [B2942] CURLED ENDIVE [B2941] ESCAROLE [B1446] FIELD CRESS [B1082] GARDEN CRESS [B2270] GARDEN ORACH [B2751] GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM [B1740] INDIAN CRESS [B2968] KALE [B1281] HANOVER GREENS [B1171] LAMB'S LETTUCE [B1754] LAMB'S QUARTER [B1681] LAND CRESS [B2873] MALABAR NIGHTSHADE [B1150] MUSTARD [B2069] BLACK MUSTARD [B1127] BROWN MUSTARD [B1092] FIELD MUSTARD [B2068] MUSTARD, WHITE [B1148] NALTA JUTE [B1731] NETTLE [B1674] NEW ZEALAND SPINACH [B1732] POKEWEED [B1400] PRICKLY LETTUCE [B2951] RAMIE [B2447] ROCKET [B2474] SCURVY-GRASS [B2945] SORREL [B1641] SPINACH [B1420] SWAMP CABBAGE [B1733] SWISS CHARD [B1175] WATERCRESS [B1492] NEEM [B2444] POD OR SEED VEGETABLE [B1156] BEAN (VEGETABLE) [B1567] ADZUKI BEAN [B1110] BLACK GRAM BEAN [B1588] DOLICHOS [B2330] HORSE GRAM BEAN [B2463] HYACINTH BEAN [B1725] FIELD BEAN [B1663] GARBANZO BEAN [B1172] GOA BEAN [B1726] LIMA BEAN [B1397] BABY LIMA BEAN [B1185] FORDHOOK LIMA BEAN [B1562] SUCCOTASH [B1361] TRIPLE SUCCOTASH [B1606] LUPINE BEAN [B1701] MORETON BAY CHESTNUT [B2133] MOTH BEAN [B1920] MUNG BEAN [B1395] PHASEOLUS VULGARIS [B1555] PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EDIBLE POD CULTIVAR [B1060] GREEN BEAN [B1371] GREEN BEAN AND PINTO BEAN [B1753] WAX BEAN [B1351] PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, EDIBLE SEED CULTIVAR [B1061] COMMON BEAN [B1999] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 283

CRANBERRY BEAN [B1186] GREAT NORTHERN BEAN [B1027] KIDNEY BEAN [B1113] GREEN KIDNEY BEAN [B1658] RED KIDNEY BEAN [B1659] NAVY OR PEA BEAN [B1560] PINTO BEAN [B1368] GREEN BEAN AND PINTO BEAN [B1753] RED BEAN [B1702] SCARLET RUNNER BEAN [B2009] SIEVA BEAN [B1372] SOYBEAN [B1452] CORN [B1232] FIELD CORN [B1379] FIELD CORN, WHITE [B1577] FIELD CORN, YELLOW [B1580] SUGAR CANE AND FIELD CORN [B1680] POPCORN [B1454] POPCORN, WHITE [B1151] POPCORN, YELLOW [B1617] VEGETABLE CORN [B1380] SUCCOTASH [B1361] TRIPLE SUCCOTASH [B1606] VEGETABLE CORN, WHITE [B1597] VEGETABLE CORN, YELLOW [B1595] COWPEA [B1200] BLACKEYED PEA [B1100] CATJANG BEAN [B1919] CROWDER PEA [B1196] YARDLONG BEAN [B1724] LENTIL [B1268] PEA [B1338] PEA AND CARROT [B1613] PEA AND ONION [B1605] PEA, EDIBLE POD CULTIVARS [B1031] SNOW PEA [B2466] SUGAR PEA, EDIBLE POD [B2467] PEA, EDIBLE SEED CULTIVARS [B1001] ALASKA PEA [B1326] FIELD PEA [B1486] MATRIE [B2473] PEA, SMOOTH WRINKLED CROSSES [B1042] PIGEON PEA [B2010] SWEET PEA [B1487] YELLOW PEA [B2414] SATAW [B2458] TUMBLE MUSTARD [B1737] VETCH [B2070] BROAD BEAN [B1367] SESBANIA [B1736] STEM OR SPEAR VEGETABLE [B1005] ASPARAGUS [B1415] GREEN ASPARAGUS [B1604] WHITE ASPARAGUS [B1603] BAMBOO [B1271] BROCCOLI [B1443] BROCCOFLOWER [B2600] BUTTER BUR [B1739] CELERY [B1282] KOHLRABI [B1369] SEA KALE [B2011] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, MOST PARTS USED [B1058] CARDOON [B1727] LEEK [B1308] PURSLANE [B1642] SCALLION [B1478] SHALLOT [B1538] TREE FERN [B1750] WELSH ONION [B2418] VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PLANT, ROOT, TUBER OR BULB USED [B1018]

284 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

ARROWHEAD [B1716] BEET [B1309] RED BEET [B2940] BURDOCK, GOBO [B2889] CARROT [B1227] BELGIAN CARROT [B1095] PEA AND CARROT [B1613] CASSAVA [B1352] CELERIAC [B1729] CHINESE ARTICHOKE [B2965] CIPOLLINI [B2355] EPPAW [B1752] JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE [B1038] JICAMA [B1738] LAPPA [B1646] MALANGA [B1499] ONION [B1300] PEA AND ONION [B1605] PARSNIP [B1483] POTATO [B1218] RADISH [B1315] BLACK RADISH [B2959] CHINESE RADISH [B1513] LITTLE RADISH [B2960] RUTABAGA [B1413] SALSIFY [B1551] BLACK SALSIFY [B2962] SWEET POTATO [B1106] TARO [B1636] TURNIP [B1238] WATER CHESTNUT [B1026] YAM, TROPICAL [B1181] WATER MIMOSA [B2445] WHEATGRASS [B2362] YELLOW SAGE [B2783] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 285

4.3 C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL

C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL [C0116] EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE OF PLANT OR ANIMAL [C0228] CARBOHYDRATE OR RELATED COMPOUND [C0280] CARBOHYDRATE [C0152] MALTODEXTRIN [C0282] OLIGOSACCHARIDE [C0226] POLYSACCHARIDE [C0153] CELLULOSE [C0220] PECTIN [C0198] STARCH [C0203] SUGAR [C0108] DEXTROSE [C0222] SORBITOL [C0281] FRUCTOSE [C0223] GALACTOSE [C0254] INVERT SUGAR [C0171] LACTOSE [C0209] MALTOSE [C0206] SUCROSE [C0210] BROWN SUGAR [C0156] WHITE SUGAR [C0157] SUGAR SYRUP OR SYRUP SOLIDS [C0271] HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP [C0272] HONEY [C0188] MOLASSES [C0207] ESSENTIAL OIL, OLEORESIN OR OTHER FLAVORING SUBSTANCE [C0260] FAT OR OIL [C0190] BUTTER [C0179] GERM OIL [C0297] LIVER OIL [C0301] PEEL OIL [C0302] SEED OIL [C0307] MULTICOMPONENT EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE [C0159] BROTH OR STOCK [C0170] GUM [C0298] JUICE [C0300] PROTEIN EXTRACT, CONCENTRATE OR ISOLATE [C0236] CASEIN [C0180] GELATIN [C0219] GLUTEN [C0177] PART OF ALGAE OR FUNGUS [C0247] FRUITING BODY [C0296] PART OF ANIMAL [C0164] ANIMAL BODY OR BODY PART [C0127] FIN [C0283] MEAT PART [C0103] ORGAN MEAT [C0218] ORGAN MEAT, CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM [C0129] BLOOD [C0185] BONE MARROW [C0149] HEART (ANIMAL) [C0201] SPLEEN [C0191] ORGAN MEAT, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM [C0106] INK, AQUATIC ANIMAL [C0246] INTESTINE [C0212] LIVER [C0176] PANCREAS [C0204] STOMACH [C0211] GIZZARD [C0124] RUMINANT STOMACH [C0224] TRIPE [C0192]

286 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

ORGAN MEAT, OTHER SYSTEMS [C0255] AIR BLADDER [C0284] BRAIN [C0199] EYE [C0256] LUNG [C0187] THYMUS [C0273] TONGUE [C0189] ORGAN MEAT, UROGENITAL SYSTEM [C0145] KIDNEY [C0196] OVARY, ROE [C0202] TESTIS, MILT OR SOFT ROE [C0234] THYMUS OR PANCREAS [C0109] SKELETAL MEAT PART [C0175] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BONE OR SHELL [C0243] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BONE, WITH SKIN [C0265] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BONE, WITHOUT SKIN [C0266] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BONE, WITHOUT SKIN, WITH SEPARABLE FAT [C0285] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITH BONE, WITHOUT SKIN, WITHOUT SEPERABLE FAT [C0286] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT BONE OR SHELL [C0125] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT BONE, WITH SKIN [C0267] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT BONE, WITHOUT SKIN [C0268] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT BONE AND SKIN, WITH SEPARABLE FAT [C0269] SKELETAL MEAT PART, WITHOUT BONE AND SKIN, WITHOUT SEPARABLE FAT [C0270] NONMEAT PART OF ANIMAL [C0122] BONE OR SHELL [C0168] FAT, TRIM [C0253] SKIN, ANIMAL [C0193] FEATHER [C0221] WHOLE ANIMAL OR MOST PARTS USED [C0173] WHOLE ANIMAL, SKINNED, DEFEATHERED OR SCALED, EVISCERATED [C0120] WHOLE ANIMAL, SKINNED, DEFEATHERED OR SCALED, NOT EVISCERATED [C0147] WHOLE ANIMAL, WITH SKIN, FEATHERS OR SCALES, EVISCERATED [C0105] WHOLE ANIMAL, WITH SKIN, FEATHERS OR SCALES, NOT EVISCERATED [C0275] EGG [C0194] EGG SHELL [C0278] EGG WHITE, ALBUMEN [C0241] EGG YOLK [C0215] WHOLE EGG [C0274] WHOLE EGG IN SHELL [C0128] WHOLE EGG WITHOUT SHELL [C0225] MILK OR MILK COMPONENT [C0113] CREAM OR CREAM COMPONENT [C0123] BUTTER [C0179] BUTTERMILK [C0216] CREAM [C0195] HEAVY CREAM [C0161] LIGHT CREAM [C0160] LIGHT WHIPPING CREAM [C0154] CURD [C0245] MILK [C0235] WHEY [C0244] PART OF PLANT [C0174] FRUIT OR SEED [C0165] FRUIT OR BERRY [C0167] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT [C0137] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT [C0140] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED [C0139] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED [C0138] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT [C0230] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED [C0229] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDETERMINED, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT [C0163] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDETERMINED, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED [C0213] PEEL, CORE OR SEED [C0110] FRUIT OR BERRY, CORE ONLY [C0293] FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL ONLY [C0294] FRUIT OR BERRY, SEED ONLY [C0295] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 287

POD OR SEED [C0158] POD AND FULL-SIZE SEED, MIXTURE [C0117] POD CONTAINING FULL-SIZE SEEDS [C0262] POD CONTAINING SMALL, IMMATURE SEED [C0169] POD WITH SEEDS REMOVED [C0112] SEED IN SHELL OR HULL [C0227] SEED OR KERNEL [C0155] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT [C0135] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT, GERM PRESENT [C0133] GERMINATED OR SPROUTED SEED [C0102] SEED ON COB, WITH OR WITHOUT HUSK [C0242] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT, GERM REMOVED [C0119] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED [C0134] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED, GERM PRESENT [C0132] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED, GERM REMOVED (ENDOSPERM) [C0208] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDETERMINED, GERM PRESENT [C0136] SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDETERMINED, GERM REMOVED [C0114] SEED PART, OTHER [C0178] ARIL [C0287] GERM [C0182] GERM AND BRAN [C0142] NUT MILK [C0214] SKIN OR BRAN (PERICARP) [C0111] BRAN [C0288] SHELL (SEED) [C0249] ROOT, STEM, LEAF OR FLOWER [C0148] BARK [C0264] COTYLEDON [C0292] HYPOCOTYL [C0299] PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, EXCLUDING FRUIT AND SEED [C0144] BUD [C0289] CAP, BUTTON [C0258] FLORET OR FLOWER [C0237] CALYX [C0276] PETAL [C0303] STIGMA [C0277] POLLEN [C0279] HEAD (PLANT) [C0151] HEART (PLANT) [C0162] HUSK [C0181] LEAF [C0200] PETIOLE [C0304] SPEAR OR SHOOT [C0186] SPROUT [C0183] STEM OR STALK (WITHOUT LEAVES) [C0101] WOOD [C0309] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB [C0238] BULB [C0290] CORM [C0291] RHIZOME [C0305] ROOT [C0306] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, PEEL ONLY [C0261] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITH PEEL [C0239] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITHOUT PEEL [C0240] TUBER [C0308] ROOT, TUBER OR BULB, WITH PART OF TOP [C0100] WHOLE PLANT OR MOST PARTS USED [C0150] PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL NOT APPLICABLE [C0005] PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL NOT KNOWN [C0001]

288 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4.4 E. PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR FORM

E. PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR FORM [E0113] LIQUID [E0130] LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY [E0102] LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH NO VISIBLE PARTICLES [E0139] LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH SMALL PARTICLES [E0121] LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH SOLID PIECES [E0138] LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY [E0109] LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH NO VISIBLE PARTICLES [E0123] LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH SMALL PARTICLES [E0114] LIQUID, LOW VISCOSITY, WITH SOLID PIECES [E0149] PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR FORM NOT KNOWN [E0001] PHYSICAL STATE, SHAPE OR FORM, MULTIPLE [E0108] SEMILIQUID [E0103] SEMILIQUID WITH SMOOTH CONSISTENCY [E0135] SEMILIQUID WITH SOLID PIECES [E0110] SEMISOLID [E0144] SEMISOLID WITH SMOOTH CONSISTENCY [E0119] SEMISOLID WITH SOLID PIECES [E0134] SOLID [E0151] CRYSTAL [E0143] DIVIDED OR DISINTEGRATED [E0122] DISINTEGRATED OR GROUND [E0136] FINELY GROUND [E0106] MEDIUM GROUND [E0117] MEDIUM GROUND AND SIFTED (BOLTED) [E0101] DIVIDED INTO HALVES, QUARTERS OR SEGMENTS [E0133] DIVIDED INTO HALVES [E0116] DIVIDED INTO QUARTERS [E0148] DIVIDED INTO SEGMENTS OR WEDGES [E0107] DIVIDED INTO PIECES [E0152] DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICKNESS <0.3 CM. [E0100] DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICKNESS >1.5 CM. [E0125] DIVIDED INTO PIECES, THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0115] CUT INTO LONG PIECES [E0141] CUT INTO SHORT PIECES [E0111] SLICED [E0137] SLICED, THICK, BETWEEN 0.5 AND 1.5 CM. [E0124] SLICED, THIN, BELOW 0.5 CM. [E0145] WHOLE [E0131] WHOLE, NATURAL SHAPE [E0150] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FORMING [E0147] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FORMING, THICKNESS <0.3 CM. [E0153] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FORMING, THICKNESS >7 CM. [E0146] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FORMING, THICKNESS 0.3-1.5 CM. [E0140] WHOLE, SHAPE ACHIEVED BY FORMING, THICKNESS 1.5-7 CM. [E0105] WHOLE AND PIECES [E0104] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 289

4.5 F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT

F. EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT [F0011] EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT NOT KNOWN [F0001] HEAT-TREATED [F0022] FULLY HEAT-TREATED [F0014] PARTIALLY HEAT-TREATED [F0018] HEAT-TREATED, MULTIPLE COMPONENTS, DIFFERENT DEGREES OF TREATMENT [F0023] NOT HEAT-TREATED [F0003]

4.6 G. COOKING METHOD

G. COOKING METHOD [G0002] COOKED BY DRY HEAT [G0004] BAKED OR ROASTED [G0005] BROILED OR GRILLED [G0006] CHARCOAL BROILED [G0007] GRIDDLED [G0008] POPPED [G0009] TOASTED [G0010] COOKED BY MICROWAVE [G0011] COOKED BY MOIST HEAT [G0012] COOKED IN STEAM [G0021] STEAMED WITH PRESSURE [G0022] STEAMED WITHOUT PRESSURE [G0023] COOKED IN WATER OR WATER-BASED LIQUID [G0013] BOILED [G0014] BOILED AND DRAINED [G0015] BOILED IN LARGE AMOUNT OF LIQUID [G0016] BOILED IN SMALL AMOUNT OF LIQUID [G0017] BOILED AND UNDRAINED [G0018] BRAISED [G0019] SIMMERED, POACHED OR STEWED [G0020] STEEPED [G0036] COOKED WITH FAT OR OIL [G0024] COOKED WITH ADDED FAT OR OIL [G0025] COOKED IN SMALL AMOUNT OF FAT OR OIL [G0026] SAUTEED [G0027] STIR-FRIED [G0028] DEEP-FRIED [G0029] SHALLOW FRIED [G0035] COOKED WITH INHERENT FAT OR OIL [G0030] COOKING METHOD NOT APPLICABLE [G0003] COOKING METHOD NOT KNOWN [G0001] METHOD OF HEATING CONTAINER [G0032] COOKED IN CONTAINER IMMERSED IN WATER OR STEAM [G0031] COOKED IN DOUBLE BOILER [G0033] COOKED IN WATER BATH [G0034] REHEATED [G0037] REHEATED BY BOIL-IN-BAG [G0040] REHEATED BY DRY HEAT [G0039] REHEATED BY MICROWAVE [G0038] REHEATED IN PAN OR COOKING UTENSIL [G0041] SCALDED OR BLANCHED [G0042]

290 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4.7 H. TREATMENT APPLIED

H. TREATMENT APPLIED [H0111] COMPONENT REMOVED [H0238] ACID REDUCED [H0393] ALCOHOL REMOVED [H0285] ALCOHOL FULLY REMOVED [H0286] ALCOHOL PARTIALLY REMOVED [H0287] ALKALOID OR PURINE REMOVED [H0135] DECAFFEINATED [H0140] CARBOHYDRATE REMOVED [H0266] LACTOSE REMOVED [H0295] DEBITTERED [H0198] DEMINERALIZED [H0137] SODIUM REMOVED [H0236] FAT REMOVED [H0161] FAT FULLY REMOVED [H0248] FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED [H0247] FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED, 50% OR MORE REMAINING [H0324] FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED, LESS THAN 50% REMAINING [H0325] PROTEIN REMOVED [H0134] RIND REMOVED [H0398] COMPONENT SUBSTITUTED [H0103] FAT SUBSTITUTED [H0208] PROTEIN SUBSTITUTED [H0250] FOOD MODIFIED [H0141] INSTANTIZED [H0169] MICROBIALLY/ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED [H0119] ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED [H0252] CLOTTING ENZYME ADDED [H0298] LACTOSE CONVERTED [H0203] FERMENTED/MODIFIED, MULTIPLE COMPONENT [H0128] CURED OR AGED [H0253] CURED OR AGED 1 TO 2 MONTHS [H0290] CURED OR AGED 12 MONTHS OR OVER [H0294] CURED OR AGED 2 TO 4 MONTHS [H0291] CURED OR AGED 4 TO 6 MONTHS [H0292] CURED OR AGED 6 TO 12 MONTHS [H0293] CURED OR AGED LESS THAN 2 WEEKS [H0288] CURED OR AGED TWO WEEKS TO 1 MONTH [H0289] LACTIC ACID-OTHER AGENT FERMENTED [H0107] BACTERIA CURED [H0326] INTERIOR BACTERIA CURED [H0328] SURFACE BACTERIA CURED [H0327] MOLD CURED [H0329] INTERIOR MOLD CURED [H0331] SURFACE MOLD CURED [H0330] FERMENTED/MODIFIED, SINGLE COMPONENT [H0230] CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTED [H0256] ACETIC ACID FERMENTED [H0300] ALCOHOL FERMENTED [H0232] ALCOHOL-ACETIC ACID FERMENTED [H0123] MARINADED [H0396] LACTIC ACID FERMENTED [H0101] LIPOLYTIC FERMENTED [H0127] PROTEOLYTIC FERMENTED [H0102] PICKLED [H0190] PHYSICALLY/CHEMICALLY MODIFIED [H0130] AERATED [H0178] AERATED BY CREAMING [H0359] AERATED BY WHIPPING [H0358] ALKALIZED [H0206] BLEACHED [H0197] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 291

BROMATED [H0276] CANDIED [H0182] DISTILLED [H0270] EXTRUDED [H0352] FLAKED [H0274] FLATTENED [H0366] HOMOGENIZED OR EMULSIFIED [H0306] HYDROGENATED [H0174] HYDROLYZED [H0277] IRRADIATED [H0121] IRRADIATED BY IONIZING IRRADIATION [H0179] IRRADIATED BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION [H0261] LIQUID INJECTED [H0275] PARBOILED (GRAIN) [H0220] PHOSPHATED [H0278] PREVIOUSLY FROZEN [H0241] PUFFED [H0268] ROASTED (PROCESSING METHOD) [H0391] ROLLED [H0239] TEXTURED [H0192] INGREDIENT ADDED [H0225] CARBOHYDRATE OR RELATED COMPOUND ADDED [H0301] ALCOHOL ADDED [H0332] ALCOHOLATED [H0160] CARBOHYDRATE ADDED [H0209] MALTODEXTRIN ADDED [H0315] OLIGOSACCHARIDE ADDED [H0240] POLYDEXTROSE ADDED [H0314] POLYSACCHARIDE ADDED [H0120] CELLULOSE ADDED [H0218] HEMICELLULOSE ADDED [H0125] PECTIN ADDED [H0145] STARCH ADDED [H0146] DEXTRIN ADDED [H0390] MODIFIED STARCH ADDED [H0279] SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ADDED [H0136] CARAMELIZED SUGAR ADDED [H0360] DEXTROSE ADDED [H0154] FRUCTOSE ADDED [H0168] GALACTOSE ADDED [H0265] INVERT SUGAR ADDED [H0211] LACTOSE ADDED [H0157] MALTOSE ADDED [H0155] SUCROSE ADDED [H0158] BROWN SUGAR ADDED [H0361] SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED [H0280] CANE SYRUP ADDED [H0283] CORN SYRUP ADDED [H0224] HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP ADDED [H0281] HONEY ADDED [H0149] MAPLE SYRUP ADDED [H0282] MOLASSES ADDED [H0156] SORGHUM SYRUP ADDED [H0284] SUGAR ALCOHOL ADDED [H0302] MANNITOL ADDED [H0304] SORBITOL ADDED [H0303] XYLITOL ADDED [H0305] CHEMICAL LEAVENING AGENT ADDED [H0351] COATED OR COVERED [H0353] CAROB COATED OR COVERED [H0357] CHOCOLATE COATED OR COVERED [H0355] OTHER SUBSTANCE COATED OR COVERED [H0356] SUGAR COATED OR COVERED [H0354] COLOR ADDED [H0150] CAROTENES ADDED [H0317] CERTIFIED COLOR ADDED [H0133] NONCERTIFIED COLOR ADDED [H0106] FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0221] ANIMAL FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0262] BUTTER ADDED [H0271]

292 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FAT OR OIL COATED [H0233] ANIMAL FAT OR OIL COATED [H0335] VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL COATED [H0334] MARGARINE ADDED [H0272] VEGETABLE FAT OR OIL ADDED [H0263] CORN OIL ADDED [H0343] COTTONSEED OIL ADDED [H0346] OLIVE OIL ADDED [H0341] PALM, PALM KERNEL OR COCONUT OIL ADDED [H0345] PEANUT OIL ADDED [H0344] SAFFLOWER OR SUNFLOWER OIL ADDED [H0347] SOYBEAN OIL ADDED [H0342] FILLED OR STUFFED [H0207] FLAVORING OR TASTE INGREDIENT ADDED [H0117] ACIDIFIED [H0200] MARINADED [H0396] ALCOHOLATED [H0160] CARBONATED [H0175] ARTIFICIALLY CARBONATED [H0109] CARBONATED BY FERMENTATION [H0246] FLAVORING, SPICE OR HERB ADDED [H0227] FLAVORING ADDED, ARTIFICIAL [H0228] ARTIFICIAL CHOCOLATE FLAVORING ADDED [H0394] ARTIFICIAL FRUIT FLAVORING ADDED [H0395] FLAVORING, SPICE OR HERB ADDED, NATURAL [H0229] CAROB ADDED [H0267] CHOCOLATE OR COCOA ADDED [H0231] FLAVORING OR SPICE EXTRACT OR CONCENTRATE ADDED [H0100] SPICE OR HERB ADDED [H0151] MARINADED [H0396] SALT ADDED [H0367] SALTED [H0173] SMOKED OR SMOKE-FLAVORED [H0172] SMOKED BY ADDING SMOKE CONCENTRATE [H0110] SMOKED BY SMOKE INFILTRATION [H0118] SWEETENER ADDED [H0202] NONNUTRITIVE SWEETENER ADDED [H0108] NUTRITIVE SWEETENER ADDED [H0105] SUGAR OR SUGAR SYRUP ADDED [H0136] CARAMELIZED SUGAR ADDED [H0360] DEXTROSE ADDED [H0154] FRUCTOSE ADDED [H0168] GALACTOSE ADDED [H0265] INVERT SUGAR ADDED [H0211] LACTOSE ADDED [H0157] MALTOSE ADDED [H0155] SUCROSE ADDED [H0158] BROWN SUGAR ADDED [H0361] SUGAR SYRUP OR SUGAR SYRUP SOLIDS ADDED [H0280] CANE SYRUP ADDED [H0283] CORN SYRUP ADDED [H0224] HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP ADDED [H0281] HONEY ADDED [H0149] MAPLE SYRUP ADDED [H0282] MOLASSES ADDED [H0156] SORGHUM SYRUP ADDED [H0284] FOOD ADDED [H0180] CHOCOLATE OR COCOA ADDED [H0231] DAIRY PRODUCT ADDED [H0242] CHEESE ADDED [H0143] MILK OR MILK PRODUCT ADDED [H0297] CREAM ADDED [H0296] MILK ADDED [H0184] PUDDING OR CUSTARD ADDED [H0132] WHEY ADDED [H0260] EGG ADDED [H0186] EGG WHITE ADDED [H0205] WHIPPED EGG WHITE ADDED [H0365] EGG YOLK ADDED [H0185] FRUIT ADDED [H0147] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 293

DRIED OR CANDIED FRUIT ADDED [H0364] FRUIT JUICE ADDED [H0362] FRUIT PEEL ADDED [H0363] JELLY, JAM OR PRESERVE ADDED [H0122] ARTIFICIALLY SWEETENED FRUIT JELLY ADDED [H0131] GRAIN ADDED [H0152] BARLEY ADDED [H0323] BRAN ADDED [H0318] BREADED OR BATTER-COATED [H0188] BUCKWHEAT ADDED [H0336] CORN ADDED [H0320] OAT ADDED [H0322] RICE ADDED [H0321] RYE ADDED [H0337] SOY ADDED [H0338] WHEAT ADDED [H0319] WHEAT GERM ADDED [H0222] MEAT ADDED [H0191] ORGAN MEAT ADDED [H0307] BLOOD ADDED [H0339] PLASMA ADDED [H0397] NUT OR SEED ADDED [H0177] COCONUT ADDED [H0340] PEANUT OR PEANUT BUTTER ADDED [H0124] SEED ADDED [H0333] POULTRY ADDED [H0171] POULTRY ORGAN MEAT ADDED [H0308] SEAFOOD ADDED [H0153] VEGETABLE ADDED [H0212] MUSHROOM ADDED [H0166] ONION ADDED [H0349] PARSLEY ADDED [H0348] TOMATO ADDED [H0350] FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, EUROPEAN COMMUNITY/CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [H0399] ACACIA GUM (GUM ARABIC) ADDED [H0400] ACESULFAME K ADDED [H0401] ACETIC ACID ADDED [H0402] ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0403] ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE ADDED [H0404] ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0405] ACETYLATED STARCH ADDED [H0406] ADIPIC ACID ADDED [H0407] AGAR ADDED [H0408] ALGINIC ACID ADDED [H0409] ALLURA RED AC ADDED [H0410] ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED [H0411] ALUMINIUM ADDED [H0412] ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0413] ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0414] ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) ADDED [H0415] ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0416] ALUMINIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0417] AMARANTH ADDED [H0418] AMIDATED PECTIN ADDED [H0419] AMMONIA CARAMEL ADDED [H0420] AMMONIUM ALGINATE ADDED [H0421] AMMONIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0422] AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE ADDED [H0423] AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0424] AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES ADDED [H0425] AMMONIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0426] ANNATTO, BIXIN, NORBIXIN ADDED [H0427] ANTHOCYANINS ADDED [H0428] ARGON ADDED [H0429] ASCORBIC ACID ADDED [H0430] ASCORBYL PALMITATE ADDED [H0431] ASCORBYL STEARATE ADDED [H0432] ASPARTAME ADDED [H0433] AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE ADDED [H0434] BEESWAX, WHITE AND YELLOW ADDED [H0435]

294 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

BEETROOT RED, BETANIN ADDED [H0436] BENTONITE ADDED [H0437] BENZOIC ACID ADDED [H0438] BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL (C 30) ADDED [H0439] BETA-CAROTENE ADDED [H0440] BIPHENYL, DIPHENYL ADDED [H0441] BORIC ACID ADDED [H0442] BRILLIANT BLACK BN, BLACK PN ADDED [H0443] BRILLIANT BLUE FCF ADDED [H0444] BROWN FK ADDED [H0445] BROWN HT ADDED [H0446] BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) ADDED [H0447] BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT) ADDED [H0448] CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE ADDED [H0449] CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES ADDED [H0450] CALCIUM ACETATE ADDED [H0451] CALCIUM ALGINATE ADDED [H0452] CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0453] CALCIUM ASCORBATE ADDED [H0454] CALCIUM BENZOATE ADDED [H0455] CALCIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0456] CALCIUM CHLORIDE ADDED [H0457] CALCIUM CYCLAMATE ADDED [H0458] CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE ADDED [H0459] CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0460] CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE (CALCIUM DISODIUM EDTA) ADDED [H0461] CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE ADDED [H0462] CALCIUM GLUCONATE ADDED [H0463] CALCIUM GUANYLATE ADDED [H0464] CALCIUM HYDROGEN MALATE ADDED [H0465] CALCIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE ADDED [H0466] CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0467] CALCIUM INOSINATE ADDED [H0468] CALCIUM LACTATE ADDED [H0469] CALCIUM MALATE ADDED [H0470] CALCIUM OXIDE ADDED [H0471] CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATES ADDED [H0472] CALCIUM PROPIONATE ADDED [H0473] CALCIUM SACCHARIN ADDED [H0474] CALCIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0475] CALCIUM SORBATE ADDED [H0476] CALCIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE ADDED [H0477] CALCIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0478] CALCIUM SULPHITE ADDED [H0479] CALCIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0480] CANDELILLA WAX ADDED [H0481] CANTHAXANTHIN ADDED [H0482] CARBAMIDE ADDED [H0483] CARBON DIOXIDE ADDED [H0484] CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0485] CARNAUBA WAX ADDED [H0486] CARRAGEENAN ADDED [H0487] CAUSTIC SULPHITE CARAMEL ADDED [H0488] CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED [H0489] CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED [H0490] CITRIC ACID ADDED [H0491] CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0492] COCHINEAL, CARMINIC ACID, CARMINES ADDED [H0493] COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS ADDED [H0494] COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS ADDED [H0495] CURCUMIN ADDED [H0496] CYCLAMIC ACID ADDED [H0497] DELTA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED [H0498] DICALCIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0499] DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0500] DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0501] DIMETHYL DICARBONATE ADDED [H0502] DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE ADDED [H0503] DIPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0504] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 295

DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE ADDED [H0505] DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE ADDED [H0506] DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0507] DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0508] DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDES ADDED [H0509] DISODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0510] DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0511] DISODIUM GUANYLATE ADDED [H0512] DISODIUM INOSINATE ADDED [H0513] DISODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0514] DISODIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0515] DISTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0516] DODECYL GALLATE ADDED [H0517] ERYTHORBIC ACID ADDED [H0518] ERYTHROSINE ADDED [H0519] ETHYL ESTER OF BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENIC ACID (C 30) ADDED [H0520] ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0521] ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0522] FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0523] FERROUS GLUCONATE ADDED [H0524] FERROUS LACTATE ADDED [H0525] FUMARIC ACID ADDED [H0526] GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL ADDED [H0527] GELLAN GUM ADDED [H0528] GLUCONIC ACID ADDED [H0529] GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE ADDED [H0530] GLUTAMIC ACID ADDED [H0531] GLYCEROL ADDED [H0532] GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSINS ADDED [H0533] GLYCERYL TRIACETATE ADDED [H0534] GLYCINE ADDED [H0535] GOLD ADDED [H0536] GREENS S ADDED [H0537] GUANYLIC ACID ADDED [H0538] GUAR GUM ADDED [H0539] HELIUM ADDED [H0540] HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE ADDED [H0541] HYDROCHLORIC ACID ADDED [H0542] HYDROXY PROPYL DISTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0543] HYDROXY PROPYL STARCH ADDED [H0544] HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0545] HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0546] INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE ADDED [H0547] INOSINIC ACID ADDED [H0548] IRON OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES ADDED [H0549] ISOMALT ADDED [H0550] KARAYA GUM ADDED [H0551] LACTIC ACID ADDED [H0552] LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0553] LACTITOL ADDED [H0554] LECITHINS ADDED [H0555] LITHOLRUBINE BK ADDED [H0556] LOCUST BEAN GUM ADDED [H0557] LUTEIN ADDED [H0558] LYCOPENE ADDED [H0559] LYSOZYME ADDED [H0560] MAGNESIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0561] MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ADDED [H0562] MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE ADDED [H0563] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0564] MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CARBONATE ADDED [H0565] MAGNESIUM OXIDE ADDED [H0566] MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0567] MAGNESIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0568] MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE ADDED [H0569] MALIC ACID ADDED [H0570] MALTITOL ADDED [H0571] MALTITOL SYRUP ADDED [H0572] MANNITOL ADDED [H0573] METATARTARIC ACID ADDED [H0574]

296 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0575] METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0576] MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ADDED [H0577] MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0578] MIXED CAROTENES ADDED [H0579] MONO- AND DIACETYL TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0580] MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0581] MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE ADDED [H0582] MONOCALCIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0583] MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0584] MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0585] MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE ADDED [H0586] MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0587] MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0588] MONOSODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0589] MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ADDED [H0590] MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0591] MONOSODIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0592] MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0593] MONTAN ACID ESTERS ADDED [H0594] NATAMYCIN ADDED [H0595] NEOHESPERIDINE D C ADDED [H0596] NISIN ADDED [H0597] NITROGEN ADDED [H0598] NITROUS OXIDE ADDED [H0599] OCTYL GALLATE ADDED [H0600] ORTOPHENYL PHENOL ADDED [H0601] OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE WAX ADDED [H0602] OXIDIZED STARCH ADDED [H0603] OXYGEN ADDED [H0604] PAPRIKA EXTRACT, CAPSANTHIN, CAPSORUBIN ADDED [H0605] PATENT BLUE V ADDED [H0606] PECTIN ADDED [H0607] PENTAPOTASSIUM TRIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0608] PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0609] PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0610] PHOSPHORIC ACID ADDED [H0611] PLAIN CARAMEL ADDED [H0612] POLYDEXTROSE ADDED [H0613] POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0614] POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE ADDED [H0615] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 20) ADDED [H0616] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) ADDED [H0617] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE (POLYSORBATE 40) ADDED [H0618] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 60) ADDED [H0619] POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 65) ADDED [H0620] POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE ADDED [H0621] POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE ADDED [H0622] POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE ADDED [H0623] PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A ADDED [H0624] POTASSIUM ACETATE ADDED [H0625] POTASSIUM ADIPATE ADDED [H0626] POTASSIUM ALGINATE ADDED [H0627] POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0628] POTASSIUM BENZOATE ADDED [H0629] POTASSIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0630] POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ADDED [H0631] POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE ADDED [H0632] POTASSIUM GLUCONATE ADDED [H0633] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE ADDED [H0634] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE ADDED [H0635] POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE ADDED [H0636] POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0637] POTASSIUM LACTATE ADDED [H0638] POTASSIUM MALATE ADDED [H0639] POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE ADDED [H0640] POTASSIUM NITRATE ADDED [H0641] POTASSIUM NITRITE ADDED [H0642] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 297

POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0643] POTASSIUM PROPIONATE ADDED [H0644] POTASSIUM SACCHARIN ADDED [H0645] POTASSIUM SORBATE ADDED [H0646] POTASSIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0647] POWDERED CELLULOSE ADDED [H0648] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL (PROPYLENE GLYCOL) ADDED [H0649] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE ADDED [H0650] PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0651] PROPIONIC ACID ADDED [H0652] PROPYL GALLATE ADDED [H0653] PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0654] QUILLAIA EXTRACT ADDED [H0655] QUINOLINE YELLOW ADDED [H0656] RED 2G ADDED [H0657] RIBOFLAVIN ADDED [H0658] RIBOFLAVIN-5'-PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0659] SACCHARIN ADDED [H0660] SHELLAC ADDED [H0661] SILICIUM DIOXIDE ADDED [H0662] SILVER ADDED [H0663] SODIUM ACETATE ADDED [H0664] SODIUM ADIPATE ADDED [H0665] SODIUM ALGINATE ADDED [H0666] SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC ADDED [H0667] SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE ADDED [H0668] SODIUM ASCORBATE ADDED [H0669] SODIUM BENZOATE ADDED [H0670] SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0671] SODIUM CARBONATE ADDED [H0672] SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0673] SODIUM CYCLAMATE ADDED [H0674] SODIUM ERYTHORBATE ADDED [H0675] SODIUM ETHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0676] SODIUM FERROCYANIDE ADDED [H0677] SODIUM GLUCONATE ADDED [H0678] SODIUM GLYCINATE ADDED [H0679] SODIUM HYDROGEN ACETATE (SODIUM DIACETATE) ADDED [H0680] SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE ADDED [H0681] SODIUM HYDROGEN MALATE ADDED [H0682] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE ADDED [H0683] SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHITE ADDED [H0684] SODIUM HYDROXIDE ADDED [H0685] SODIUM LACTATE ADDED [H0686] SODIUM MALATE ADDED [H0687] SODIUM METABISULPHITE ADDED [H0688] SODIUM METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0689] SODIUM NITRATE ADDED [H0690] SODIUM NITRITE ADDED [H0691] SODIUM ORTOPHENYL PHENOL ADDED [H0692] SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0693] SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE ADDED [H0694] SODIUM PROPIONATE ADDED [H0695] SODIUM PROPYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE ADDED [H0696] SODIUM SACCHARIN ADDED [H0697] SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE ADDED [H0698] SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE ADDED [H0699] SODIUM SULPHATE ADDED [H0700] SODIUM SULPHITE ADDED [H0701] SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) ADDED [H0702] SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0703] SORBIC ACID ADDED [H0704] SORBITAN MONOLAURATE ADDED [H0705] SORBITAN MONOOLEATE ADDED [H0706] SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE ADDED [H0707] SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE ADDED [H0708] SORBITAN TRISTEARATE ADDED [H0709] SORBITOL ADDED [H0710] SORBITOL SYRUP ADDED [H0711] STANNOUS CHLORIDE ADDED [H0712]

298 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE ADDED [H0713] STEARYL TARTRATE ADDED [H0714] SUCCINIC ACID ADDED [H0715] SUCROGLYCERIDES ADDED [H0716] SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE ADDED [H0717] SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0718] SULPHITE AMMONIA CARAMEL ADDED [H0719] SULPHUR DIOXIDE ADDED [H0720] SULPHURIC ACID ADDED [H0721] SUNSET YELLOW FCF, ORANGE YELLOW S ADDED [H0722] TALC ADDED [H0723] TARA GUM ADDED [H0724] TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-) ADDED [H0725] TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0726] TARTRAZINE ADDED [H0727] TETRAPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0728] TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0729] THAUMATIN ADDED [H0730] THERMALLY OXIDIZED SOYA BEAN OIL INTERACTED WITH MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS ADDED [H0731] THIABENDAZOLE ADDED [H0732] TITANIUM DIOXIDE ADDED [H0733] TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT ADDED [H0734] TRAGACANTH ADDED [H0735] TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0736] TRICALCIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0737] TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0738] TRIETHYL CITRATE ADDED [H0739] TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0740] TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0741] TRISODIUM CITRATE ADDED [H0742] TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE ADDED [H0743] TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0744] VEGETABLE CARBON ADDED [H0745] XANTHAN GUM ADDED [H0746] XYLITOL ADDED [H0747] FOOD ADDITIVE ADDED, USA [H0371] MSG ADDED [H0369] STABILIZER ADDED [H0368] CELLULOSE DERIVATIVE ADDED [H0372] CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ADDED [H0374] MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ADDED [H0373] GELATIN ADDED [H0165] GUM ADDED [H0375] MICROBIAL GUM ADDED [H0387] DEXTRAN ADDED [H0389] XANTHAN GUM ADDED [H0388] PLANT EXUDATE GUM ADDED [H0379] GUM ARABIC ADDED [H0380] KARAYA GUM ADDED [H0381] TRAGACANTH GUM ADDED [H0382] SEED GUM ADDED [H0376] CAROB BEAN GUM ADDED [H0377] GUAR GUM ADDED [H0378] PECTIN ADDED [H0145] SEAWEED EXTRACT ADDED [H0383] AGAR ADDED [H0384] ALGINATE ADDED [H0385] CARRAGEENAN ADDED [H0386] STARCH ADDED [H0146] DEXTRIN ADDED [H0390] MODIFIED STARCH ADDED [H0279] NUTRIENT OR DIETARY SUBSTANCE ADDED [H0194] AMINO ACID ADDED [H0210] MINERAL ADDED [H0159] CALCIUM ADDED [H0162] CHLORIDE ADDED [H0196] IODIZED [H0189] IRON ADDED [H0181] PHOSPHORUS ADDED [H0223] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 299

POTASSIUM ADDED [H0195] SODIUM ADDED [H0144] ZINC ADDED [H0273] VITAMIN ADDED [H0163] VITAMIN A OR CAROTENES ADDED [H0213] CAROTENES ADDED [H0317] VITAMIN A ADDED [H0316] VITAMIN B ADDED [H0216] NIACIN ADDED [H0311] RIBOFLAVIN ADDED [H0310] THIAMINE ADDED [H0309] VITAMIN C ADDED [H0215] VITAMIN D ADDED [H0214] VITAMIN E ADDED [H0217] PHOSPHATE ADDED [H0370] PROTEIN ADDED [H0164] GELATIN ADDED [H0165] SOY PROTEIN ADDED [H0257] NO TREATMENT APPLIED [H0003] TREATMENT APPLIED NOT KNOWN [H0001] WATER ADDED OR REMOVED [H0254] REHYDRATED [H0259] WATER ADDED [H0148] DILUTED TO 15-49% OF SINGLE STRENGTH [H0234] DILUTED TO 50-99% OF SINGLE STRENGTH [H0237] WATER REMOVED [H0138] WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTITUTION RATIO 1 PLUS 1 [H0114] WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTITUTION RATIO 2 PLUS 1 [H0113] WATER REMOVED TO RECONSTITUTION RATIO 3 PLUS 1 OR HIGHER [H0112]

300 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4.8 J. PRESERVATION METHOD

J. PRESERVATION METHOD [J0107] NO PRESERVATION METHOD USED [J0003] PRESERVATION METHOD NOT KNOWN [J0001] PRESERVED BY ADDING SPICES OR EXTRACTS [J0153] PRESERVED BY CHEMICALS [J0109] PRESERVED BY ADDING CHEMICALS [J0100] PRESERVED BY ADDING ACID [J0149] PRESERVED BY ADDING INORGANIC ACIDS OR SALTS [J0154] PRESERVED BY SALTING [J0103] PRESERVED BY BRINING [J0137] PRESERVED BY DRY SALTING [J0139] PRESERVED BY ADDING ORGANIC ACIDS OR SALTS [J0155] PRESERVED BY ADDING ANTIBIOTICS [J0156] PRESERVED BY TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS [J0108] PRESERVED BY FERMENTATION [J0104] PRESERVED BY FILTRATION [J0121] PRESERVED BY ULTRA-FILTRATION [J0157] PRESERVED BY HEAT TREATMENT [J0120] INGREDIENT PRESERVED BY HEAT TREATMENT [J0151] PASTEURIZED BY HEAT [J0135] PASTEURIZED BY HEAT AFTER FILLING [J0158] PASTEURIZED BY HEAT BEFORE FILLING [J0159] STERILIZED BY HEAT [J0123] STERILIZED AFTER FILLING [J0110] STERILIZED BEFORE FILLING [J0102] ASEPTIC FILLED AND SEALED [J0126] STERILIZED AT ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE (UHT) [J0147] HOT FILLED AND COOLED [J0114] HOT FILLED, HELD HOT AND COOLED [J0129] STERILIZED BY ULTRA HIGH PRESSURE [J0160] ULTRAPASTEURIZED BY HEAT [J0148] PRESERVED BY IRRADIATION [J0138] INGREDIENT PRESERVED BY IRRADIATION [J0152] PRESERVED BY ELECTRON ACCELERATOR RADIATION [J0161] PRESERVED BY IONIZING RADIATION [J0122] DISINFECTED BY IRRADIATION [J0162] PASTEURIZED BY IRRADIATION [J0119] STERILIZED BY IRRADIATION [J0113] SURFACE PASTEURIZED OR DISINFECTED BY ULTRAVIOLET [J0115] PRESERVED BY OTHER METHOD [J0004] PRESERVED BY REDUCING WATER ACTIVITY [J0145] DEHYDRATED OR DRIED [J0116] DRIED BY RADIATION [J0163] DRIED BY MICROWAVE RADIATION [J0165] HEAT DRIED [J0117] ARTIFICIALLY HEAT DRIED [J0144] DRIED UNDER NORMAL PRESSURE [J0143] DRIED BY IR HEAT RADIATION [J0166] DRUM-DRIED [J0140] SHELF-DRIED UNDER NORMAL PRESSURE [J0134] DRIED UNDER OVER PRESSURE [J0168] DRIED UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE [J0112] CONCENTRATED BY REVERSE OSMOSIS [J0169] FREEZE-DRIED [J0130] SPRAY-DRIED [J0133] NATURALLY DRIED [J0141] SUN DRIED [J0170] OSMOTICALLY DRIED [J0124] PRESERVED BY ADDING SUGAR [J0146] PRESERVED BY SALTING [J0103] PRESERVED BY BRINING [J0137] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 301

PRESERVED BY DRY SALTING [J0139] PRESERVED BY SMOKING [J0106] PRESERVED BY REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING [J0142] PRESERVED BY FREEZING [J0136] QUICK FROZEN [J0132] FROZEN BY REFRIGERATING AGENT [J0171] SLOW FROZEN [J0128] PRESERVED BY SOUS VIDE [J0150] PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN REFRIGERATION [J0131] PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN REFRIGERATING AGENT [J0172] PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE [J0111] PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN INERT ATMOSPHERE [J0173] PRESERVED BY STORAGE IN VACUUM [J0174]

302 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4.9 K. PACKING MEDIUM

K. PACKING MEDIUM [K0020] NO PACKING MEDIUM USED [K0003] PACKED IN EDIBLE MEDIUM [K0011] PACKED IN BROTH [K0042] PACKED IN CREAM OR MILK [K0043] PACKED IN FAT OR OIL [K0026] PACKED IN ANIMAL FAT OR OIL [K0046] PACKED IN VEGETABLE OIL [K0021] PACKED IN OLIVE OIL [K0038] PACKED IN VINEGAR AND OIL [K0040] PACKED IN FRUIT JUICE [K0039] PACKED IN GELATIN [K0035] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE [K0034] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, DAIRY OR EGG COMPONENT [K0033] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, FRUIT [K0045] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, MEAT [K0036] PACKED IN GRAVY OR SAUCE, VEGETABLE [K0037] PACKED IN INK [K0044] PACKED IN SALT BRINE [K0018] PACKED IN ACIDIFIED SALT BRINE [K0022] PACKED IN SWEETENED BRINE [K0019] PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID [K0023] PACKED IN EXTRA HEAVILY SWEETENED LIQUID [K0024] PACKED IN HEAVILY SWEETENED LIQUID [K0012] PACKED IN LIGHTLY SWEETENED WATER OR JUICE [K0013] PACKED IN SLIGHTLY SWEETENED WATER OR JUICE [K0030] PACKED IN VEGETABLE JUICE [K0016] PACKED IN VINEGAR [K0029] PACKED IN VINEGAR AND OIL [K0040] PACKED IN VINEGAR WITH SUGAR [K0010] PACKED IN WATER [K0017] PACKED IN GAS OTHER THAN AIR [K0014] PACKED IN CARBON DIOXIDE [K0028] PACKED IN GAS MIXTURE [K0032] PACKED IN NITROGEN [K0031] PACKED WITH AEROSOL PROPELLANT [K0015] PACKING MEDIUM NOT KNOWN [K0001] PACKING MEDIUM, OTHER [K0004] VACUUM-PACKED [K0027] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 303

4.10 M. CONTAINER OR WRAPPING

M. CONTAINER OR WRAPPING [M0100] CONTAINER OR WRAPPING BY FORM [M0195] AMPUL [M0196] BAG, SACK OR POUCH [M0197] BOIL-IN BAG [M0419] INNER BAG [M0420] BOX [M0213] CAN, BOTTLE OR JAR [M0194] BOTTLE OR JAR [M0203] BOTTLE [M0214] JAR [M0215] JUG OR DEMIJOHN [M0218] CAN [M0204] DRAWN CAN [M0216] THREE-PART CAN [M0217] CAPSULE [M0207] DRUM (CONTAINER) [M0198] ENVELOPE [M0199] MULTICONTAINER PACKAGE [M0208] PAIL [M0219] TRAY [M0219] TUBE [M0200] VIAL [M0201] WRAPPER, MATERIAL UNSPECIFIED [M0211] CONTAINER OR WRAPPING BY MATERIAL [M0202] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE CONTAINER [M0116] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE BOTTLE [M0114] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE BOTTLE, COLOURED [M0264] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE BOTTLE, UNCOLOURED [M0265] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE CROCK OR JAR [M0115] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE JAR, COLOURED [M0266] CERAMIC OR EARTHENWARE JAR, UNCOLOURED [M0267] EDIBLE CONTAINER [M0212] GLASS CONTAINER [M0130] GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED [M0278] GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, COVERED/PROTECTED [M0282] GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, LIGHT WEIGHT [M0279] GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, NORMAL WEIGHT [M0280] GLASS CONTAINER, COLOURED, STRENGTHENED [M0281] GLASS CONTAINER, CORK STOPPER [M0121] GLASS CONTAINER, METAL LID [M0210] GLASS CONTAINER, ALUMINUM LID [M0132] GLASS CONTAINER, ALUMINUM LID, PLASTIC LINING [M0135] GLASS CONTAINER, TINLESS STEEL LID [M0106] GLASS CONTAINER, TIN-PLATED STEEL LID [M0143] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID OR STOPPER [M0134] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, ALUMINUM FOIL LINING [M0140] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, LAMINATE LINING [M0133] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, PAPER LINING [M0108] GLASS CONTAINER, PLASTIC LID, PLASTIC LINING [M0136] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOLOURED [M0273] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOLOURED, COVERED/PROTECTED [M0277] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOLOURED, LIGHT WEIGHT [M0274] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOLOURED, NORMAL WEIGHT [M0275] GLASS CONTAINER, UNCOLOURED, STRENGTHENED [M0276] LAMINATE CONTAINER [M0181] LAMINATE BAG OR POUCH [M0144] LAMINATE TUBE [M0167] LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED WITH CORK [M0111] LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED WITH FOIL [M0110] LAMINATE TUBE, ENDS LINED WITH LAMINATE [M0109]

304 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

LAMINATE TUBE, UNLINED ALUMINUM ENDS [M0127] LAMINATE TUBE, UNLINED PLASTIC ENDS [M0138] METAL CONTAINER [M0151] ALUMINUM CONTAINER [M0182] ALUMINUM BOX [M0287] ALUMINIUM BOX, PLASTIC-COATED [M0288] ALUMINIUM BOX, VARNISHED [M0289] ALUMINUM CAN, DRUM OR BARREL [M0175] ALUMINIUM CAN, DRUM OR BARREL, PLASTIC COATED [M0291] ALUMINIUM CAN, DRUM OR BARREL, VARNISHED [M0292] ALUMINUM FOIL WRAPPER [M0190] ALUMINIUM FOIL WRAPPER, COATED FOR HEAT SEALING [M0295] ALUMINIUM FOIL-PAPER WRAPPER [M0296] ALUMINUM COEXTRUDED WITH PAPER [M0297] ALUMINUM COMBINED WITH PAPER AND PLASTIC [M0298] ALUMINUM COMBINED WITH REGENERATED CELLULOSE [M0299] LAMINATED ALUMINUM COMBINATION WITH PAPER [M0300] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN [M0165] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, ALUMINUM FOIL COVER OR WRAPPING [M0163] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, CARDBOARD COVER [M0161] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, LAMINATE COVER OR WRAPPING [M0162] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, PAPER WRAPPING [M0164] ALUMINUM TRAY OR PAN, PLASTIC COVER OR WRAPPING [M0160] ALUMINUM TUBE [M0168] ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED WITH CORK [M0171] ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED WITH FOIL [M0170] ALUMINUM TUBE, TOP LINED WITH LAMINATE [M0169] ALUMINUM TUBE, UNLINED PLASTIC TOP [M0139] BIMETAL CONTAINER [M0107] STEEL PLATE CONTAINER [M0189] STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINER [M0301] TIN PLATE CONTAINER [M0176] STEEL PLATE CONTAINER TINNED BOTH SIDES [M0309] STEEL PLATE CONTAINER TINNED ONE SIDE [M0308] VARNISHED TIN-PLATE CONTAINER [M0310] TINLESS STEEL PLATE CONTAINER [M0149] NATURAL POLYMER CONTAINER [M0320] CASEIN RESIN [M0321] CELLULOSE FILM [M0322] ACETATE CELLULOSE FILM [M0323] BUTYRATE CELLULOSE FILM [M0324] PROPYONATE CELLULOSE FILM [M0325] REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM [M0326] REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM, COATED [M0327] REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILM, COLOURED [M0328] RUBBER CONTAINER [M0329] PAPERBOARD OR PAPER CONTAINER [M0159] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH [M0120] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, FOIL LINER [M0118] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, LAMINATE LINER [M0119] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, PAPER LINER [M0141] PAPER BAG, SACK OR POUCH, PLASTIC LINER [M0117] PAPER CONTAINER, TREATED [M0330] LACQUERED PAPER CONTAINER [M0331] SATURATED (IMMERSED) PAPER CONTAINER [M0332] WAXED PAPER CONTAINER [M0333] PAPER CONTAINER, UNTREATED [M0334] BLEACHED PAPER CONTAINER [M0335] GREASE PROOF PAPER CONTAINER [M0337] IMITATION GREASE PROOF PAPER CONTAINER [M0338] KRAFT OR BROWN PAPER CONTAINER [M0336] TISSUE PAPER CONTAINER [M0339] PAPER WRAPPER [M0173] IMPREGNATED/MICRO WAXED PAPER [M0346] METALIZED PAPER WRAPPER [M0347] METALIZED PAPER COEXTRUDED WITH PLASTIC [M0348] METALIZED PAPER LAMINATED WITH PLASTIC [M0349] METALIZED PAPER LAMINATED WITH TREATED PAPER [M0350] PAPER COMBINED MATERIAL [M0345] PAPER-ALUMINIUM FOIL-PLASTIC WRAPPER [M0351] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 305

COEXTRUDED PAPER-ALUMINIUM-PLASTIC WRAPPER [M0352] LAMINATED PAPER-ALUMINIUM-PLASTIC WRAPPER [M0353] PAPER-PAPER COMBINATION [M0354] PAPER-PLASTIC COMBINATION [M0355] LAMINATE PAPER COEXTRUDED WITH PLASTIC [M0356] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER [M0156] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH FOIL OR LINER OVERWRAP [M0192] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH LINER [M0155] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH ALUMINUM FOIL LINER [M0147] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH LAMINATE LINER [M0142] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH PAPER LINER [M0148] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH PLASTIC LINER [M0146] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER WITH WINDOW [M0154] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SURFACE TREATED [M0341] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, PLASTIC COATED [M0153] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SURFACE TREATED BOTH SIDES [M0342] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SURFACE TREATED INSIDE [M0343] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, SURFACE TREATED OUTSIDE [M0344] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, UNTREATED [M0340] RECYCLED PAPERBOARD CONTAINER [M0429] PAPERBOARD CONTAINER, WAXED [M0152] PAPERBOARD TUBE WITH LID OR ENDS [M0112] PAPERBOARD MOLDED PACK [M0150] PAPERBOARD TRAY WITH WRAPPER [M0129] PLASTIC CONTAINER [M0172] PLASTIC CONTAINER, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF PLASTIC [M0357] PLASTIC CONTAINER, COMBINED MATERIAL [M0391] METALLIZED POLYMER CONTAINER [M0392] METALLIZED POLYAMIDE CONTAINER [M0393] METALLIZED POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0394] POLYETHYLENE - REGENERATED CELLULOSE CONTAINER [M0405] POLYETHYLENE - VINYL COPOLYMER CONTAINER [M0406] POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - POLYAMIDE CONTAINER [M0395] POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - NYLON 11 CONTAINER [M0396] POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0397] POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) - POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER [M0398] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYAMIDE CONTAINER [M0399] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - NYLON 11 CONTAINER [M0400] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0401] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYETHYLENE (HIGH DENSITY) CONTAINER [M0402] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) CONTAINER [M0403] POLYETHYLENE (LOW DENSITY) - POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER [M0404] POLYVINYL CHLORIDE - POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE CONTAINER [M0407] THERMOPLASTIC SHEET OR CONTAINER [M0358] POLYAMIDE CONTAINER [M0359] ACRYL-NITRILE CONTAINER [M0360] NYLON 11 CONTAINER [M0361] NYLON 6,6 CONTAINER [M0362] POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0364] LINEAR POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0366] POLYCARBONATE CONTAINER [M0363] POLYESTER CONTAINER, GLASS FIBRE STRENGTHENED [M0365] POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) CONTAINER [M0430] POLYOLEFIN CONTAINER [M0431] POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER [M0367] HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER [M0368] LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER [M0370] LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER [M0371] LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE CONTAINER, TREATED [M0372] POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE CONTAINER [M0373] POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER [M0374] BIAXIAL ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER [M0375] ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINER [M0376] POLYSTYRENE CONTAINER [M0377] POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINER [M0378] PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINER [M0380] UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINER [M0379] POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE CONTAINER [M0381] THERMOSETTING POLYMER CONTAINER [M0382] ALKYD RESIN CONTAINER [M0383]

306 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

AMIN RESIN CONTAINER [M0384] ANILINE-FORMALDEHYDE CONTAINER [M0385] CARBAMIDE-FORMALDEHYDE CONTAINER [M0386] DICIANDIAMIDE-FORMALDEHYDE CONTAINER [M0387] EPOXY RESIN CONTAINER [M0388] PHENONILE RESIN CONTAINER [M0389] POLYESTER RESIN CONTAINER [M0390] PLASTIC CONTAINER, FLEXIBLE OR FILM [M0186] PLASTIC BAG OR POUCH [M0166] PLASTIC BOIL-IN-BAG [M0145] PLASTIC SHRINK-PACK [M0137] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR TUBE [M0102] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR TUBE, TOP LINED WITH CORK [M0105] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR TUBE, TOP LINED WITH FOIL [M0101] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR TUBE, TOP LINED WITH LAMINATE [M0103] PLASTIC SQUEEZE BOTTLE OR TUBE, UNLINED TOP [M0104] PLASTIC WRAPPER [M0128] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SEMIRIGID [M0184] PLASTIC CONTAINER, MOLDED OR BUBBLE PACK [M0180] PLASTIC CONTAINER, BLOW-MOLDED [M0193] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SEMIRIGID, ALUMINUM LID [M0188] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SEMIRIGID, PLASTIC LID [M0187] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SEMIRIGID, TINLESS STEEL LID [M0185] PLASTIC CONTAINER, RIGID OR SEMIRIGID, TIN-PLATED STEEL LID [M0183] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN [M0126] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, ALUMINUM FOIL COVER OR WRAPPING [M0123] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, CARDBOARD COVER [M0131] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, LAMINATE COVER OR WRAPPING [M0122] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, PAPER WRAPPING [M0125] PLASTIC TRAY OR PAN, PLASTIC COVER OR WRAPPING [M0124] TEXTILE OR FABRIC CONTAINER [M0157] NATURAL TEXTILE CONTAINER [M0409] ANIMAL HAIR CONTAINER [M0410] ASBESTOS CONTAINER [M0412] BASS FIBRE CONTAINER [M0411] COTTON CONTAINER [M0413] LEAF FIBRE CONTAINER [M0414] POLYMER BASE TEXTILE CONTAINER [M0415] POLYAMIDE CONTAINER [M0416] POLYESTER CONTAINER [M0417] POLYOLEFINE CONTAINER [M0418] TEXTILE OR FABRIC BAG [M0158] TEXTILE OR FABRIC STOCKING OR CASING [M0113] WAX CONTAINER [M0209] WOOD CONTAINER [M0174] WOOD BARREL, CASK OR WHEEL [M0179] WOOD BOX [M0177] WOOD DRUM [M0178] CONTAINER OR WRAPPING NOT KNOWN [M0001] CONTAINER OR WRAPPING, OTHER [M0004] HUSK WRAPPER [M0206] LEAF WRAPPER [M0205] NO CONTAINER OR WRAPPING USED [M0003] SEALING/CLOSING ELEMENT [M0220] ADHESIVE [M0221] MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE [M0222] MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, NO SOLVENT [M0223] MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, ORGANIC SOLVENT [M0224] MULTICOMPONENT ADHESIVE, WATER SOLUBLE [M0225] ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE [M0226] ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE, ORGANIC SOLVENT [M0227] ONE COMPONENT ADHESIVE, WATER SOLUBLE [M0228] THERMOPLASTIC ADHESIVE [M0229] CLOSING CAP OR LID [M0423] CLOSING CAPSULE [M0424] PEEL-OFF LID [M0426] SCREW CAP OR LID [M0425] METAL SCREW CAP OR LID [M0245] METAL SCREW CAP/PILFER PROOF [M0246] PLASTIC SCREW CAP OR LID [M0237] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 307

PLASTIC SCREW CAP/PILFER PROOF [M0239] SEAL/GASKET [M0257] CORK WOOD GASKET [M0258] METAL GASKET [M0259] PLASTIC GASKET [M0260] RUBBER GASKET [M0261] STEEL SOLDER [M0262] TIN SOLDER [M0263] STOPPER [M0427] GLASS STOPPER [M0231] PLASTIC STOPPER [M0233] POLYETHYLENE PLUG [M0234] POLYPROPYLENE PLUG [M0235] POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLUG [M0236] WOODEN CORK [M0256]

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4.11 N. FOOD CONTACT SURFACE

N. FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [N0010] FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FROM HUMAN-MADE MATERIAL [N0051] CERAMIC [N0038] COATING ENAMEL [N0024] BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL [N0011] BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, BEER [N0014] BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, CARBONATED SOFT DRINK [N0013] BEVERAGE CAN ENAMEL, NONCARBONATED BEVERAGE [N0012] CITRUS ENAMEL [N0018] CORN ENAMEL (C-ENAMEL) [N0030] FRUIT ENAMEL (F-ENAMEL) [N0016] MEAT ENAMEL [N0020] MILK ENAMEL [N0019] SEAFOOD ENAMEL [N0023] GLASS [N0040] METAL [N0041] ALUMINUM [N0042] STEEL [N0044] TIN [N0043] PAPER OR PAPERBOARD [N0039] PLASTIC [N0036] CELLULOSE ACETATE [N0034] NYLON [N0027] PLIOFILM [N0032] POLYESTER [N0033] MYLAR [N0026] POLYETHYLENE [N0017] POLYPROPYLENE [N0021] POLYSTYRENE [N0022] POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [N0037] TEFLON [N0055] VINYLIDENE [N0029] CRYOVAC [N0028] LATEX [N0054] CELLOPHANE [N0031] SARAN [N0025] TEXTILE OR FABRIC [N0045] WAX [N0015] FOOD CONTACT SURFACE FROM NATURAL MATERIAL [N0050] ASH [N0047] CORK [N0046] EDIBLE CASING [N0056] EGG SHELL, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [N0052] HUSK, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [N0049] LEAF, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [N0048] MOLLUSK SHELL, FOOD CONTACT SURFACE [N0053] NATURAL-BASED POLYMERS [N0057] WOOD [N0035] FOOD CONTACT SURFACE NOT KNOWN [N0001] FOOD CONTACT SURFACE, OTHER [N0004] NO FOOD CONTACT SURFACE PRESENT [N0003] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 309

4.12 P. CONSUMER GROUP/DIETARY USE/LABEL CLAIM

P. CONSUMER GROUP/DIETARY USE/LABEL CLAIM [P0032] CONSUMER GROUP [P0136] ANIMAL FOOD [P0021] CATTLE FEED [P0019] FEED FOR FOOD ANIMALS [P0015] FISH FEED (FOOD FISH) [P0011] FOOD FOR LABORATORY ANIMALS [P0010] FOOD FOR NON-FOOD ANIMALS [P0013] PET FOOD [P0029] BIRD FOOD [P0030] CAT FOOD [P0028] DOG FOOD [P0031] PET FISH FOOD [P0012] GAME FEED [P0157] HORSE FEED [P0025] PIG FEED [P0027] POULTRY FEED [P0018] RABBIT FEED [P0158] SHEEP AND GOAT FEED [P0014] HUMAN FOOD [P0026] HUMAN FOOD, NO AGE SPECIFICATION [P0024] INFANT OR TODDLER FOOD [P0020] CONSUMER GROUP NOT APPLICABLE [P0003] CONSUMER GROUP NOT KNOWN [P0001] FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIETARY USE [P0023] ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENT-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0106] NO ARTIFICIAL ADDITIVES CLAIM OR USE [P0108] NO ARTIFICIAL COLORS CLAIM OR USE [P0097] NO ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS CLAIM OR USE [P0100] NO ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENTS CLAIM OR USE [P0107] NO ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES CLAIM OR USE [P0113] NO ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS CLAIM OR USE [P0104] NO NITRITE/NITRATE ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0111] NO SULFITE ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0112] COLOR-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0096] NO ARTIFICIAL COLORS CLAIM OR USE [P0097] NO COLOR ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0098] FLAVOR- OR TASTE-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0099] NO ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS CLAIM OR USE [P0100] NO FLAVOR ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0102] NONCARBONATED CLAIM OR USE [P0169] HEALTH-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0124] TOOTH DECAY-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0125] NUTRITION-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0065] CALORIE SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0045] HIGH CALORIE FOOD [P0060] NO OR REDUCED CALORIES CLAIM OR USE [P0066] CALORIE FREE FOOD [P0055] LOW CALORIE FOOD [P0033] REDUCED CALORIE FOOD [P0034] CHOLESTEROL SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0041] NO OR REDUCED CHOLESTEROL CLAIM OR USE [P0149] CHOLESTEROL FREE FOOD [P0042] LOW IN CHOLESTEROL FOOD [P0043] REDUCED CHOLESTEROL FOOD [P0044] FAT SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0017] NO OR REDUCED FAT CLAIM OR USE [P0069] FAT FREE FOOD [P0054] LOW FAT FOOD [P0039] (PERCENT) FAT FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0150] NO FAT ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0070]

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REDUCED FAT FOOD [P0040] SATURATED FAT-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0071] LOW IN SATURATED FAT FOOD [P0057] NO ANIMAL FAT ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0072] NO PALM OIL ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0074] NO TROPICAL OILS ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0073] REDUCED SATURATED FAT FOOD [P0180] SATURATED FAT FREE FOOD [P0179] FIBER SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0049] HIGH FIBER FOOD [P0048] LOW FIBER FOOD [P0063] RICH IN FIBER CLAIM OR USE [P0075] NATURALLY RICH IN FIBER CLAIM OR USE [P0076] SALT OR SODIUM SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0047] NO OR REDUCED SALT OR SODIUM CLAIM OR USE [P0077] LOW SALT OR SODIUM FOOD [P0038] LOW SALT FOOD [P0083] LOW SODIUM FOOD [P0156] NO SALT ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0078] REDUCED SALT OR SODIUM FOOD [P0037] REDUCED SALT FOOD [P0087] REDUCED SODIUM FOOD [P0154] SALT OR SODIUM FREE FOOD [P0035] SALT FREE FOOD [P0080] SODIUM FREE FOOD [P0152] NATURALLY SODIUM-FREE FOOD [P0088] VERY LOW SALT OR SODIUM FOOD [P0036] VERY LOW SALT FOOD [P0085] VERY LOW SODIUM FOOD [P0153] STARCH-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0092] NO MODIFIED FOOD STARCH ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0093] NO STARCH ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0094] SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0061] NO OR REDUCED SUGAR CLAIM OR USE [P0090] LACTOSE REDUCED FOOD [P0170] LACTOSE FREE FOOD [P0171] LOW SUGARS FOOD [P0062] NO SUGARS ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0091] SUGARS FREE FOOD [P0056] REDUCED SUGARS FOOD [P0181] VITAMIN- OR MINERAL-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0095] NO VITAMIN OR MINERAL ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0173] UNENRICHED CLAIM OR USE [P0172] ORGANIC FOOD CLAIM OR USE [P0128] OTHER INGREDIENT- OR CONSTITUENT-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0115] ALCOHOL FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0176] CAFFEINE FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0117] NATURALLY CAFFEINE FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0118] EGG FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0175] GLUTEN FREE CLAIM OR USE [P0174] NO MSG ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0116] OTHER SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0159] ALIMENT DE DISETTE [P0182] PRESERVATIVE-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0110] NO NITRITE/NITRATE ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0111] NO PRESERVATIVES CLAIM OR USE [P0114] NO ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES CLAIM OR USE [P0113] NO SULFITE ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0112] PROCESSING-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0119] NO WATER ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0167] NOT PASTEURIZED CLAIM OR USE [P0121] UNBLEACHED CLAIM OR USE [P0123] UNPURIFIED OR UNREFINED CLAIM OR USE [P0122] RELIGION- OR CUSTOMS-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0126] KOSHER CLAIM OR USE [P0127] KOSHER FOR PASSOVER CLAIM OR USE [P0135] KOSHER MILCHLIG CLAIM OR USE [P0177] PAREVE CLAIM OR USE [P0168] SWEETENER-RELATED CLAIM OR USE [P0103] NO ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS CLAIM OR USE [P0104] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 311

SUGARS SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE [P0061] NO OR REDUCED SUGAR CLAIM OR USE [P0090] LACTOSE REDUCED FOOD [P0170] LACTOSE FREE FOOD [P0171] LOW SUGARS FOOD [P0062] NO SUGARS ADDED CLAIM OR USE [P0091] SUGARS FREE FOOD [P0056] REDUCED SUGARS FOOD [P0181] UNSWEETENED CLAIM OR USE [P0105] LABEL OR LABELING CLAIM [P0160] LABEL CLAIM [P0059] FREE LABEL CLAIM [P0129] FRESH FROZEN LABEL CLAIM [P0178] FRESH LABEL CLAIM [P0120] HIGH LABEL CLAIM [P0130] LESS LABEL CLAIM [P0131] LIGHT LABEL CLAIM [P0132] MORE LABEL CLAIM [P0133] SOURCE OF LABEL CLAIM [P0134] LABEL CLAIM IN FOOD NAME [P0161] LABEL CLAIM SEPARATE FROM FOOD NAME [P0162] LABELING CLAIM [P0163]

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4.13 R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES AND REGIONS

R. GEOGRAPHIC PLACES AND REGIONS [QX] AFRICA [QM] AFRICA, CENTRAL [QM01] CAMEROON [CM] CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC [CF] CHAD [TD] CONGO [CG] EQUATORIAL GUINEA [GQ] GABON [GA] SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE [ST] ZAIRE [ZR] AFRICA, EASTERN [QM02] BURUNDI [BI] COMOROS ISLANDS [KM] DJIBOUTI [DJ] ETHIOPIA [ET] KENYA [KE] RWANDA [RW] SOMALIA [SO] SUDAN [SD] TANZANIA [TZ] UGANDA [UG] AFRICA, NORTHERN [QM03] ALGERIA [DZ] EGYPT [EG] LIBYA [LY] MOROCCO [MA] TUNISIA [TN] AFRICA, SOUTHERN [QM04] ANGOLA [AO] BOTSWANA [BW] LESOTHO [LS] MADAGASCAR [MG] MALAWI [MW] MOZAMBIQUE [MZ] NAMIBIA [NA] SOUTH AFRICA [ZA] SWAZILAND [SZ] ZAMBIA [ZM] ZIMBABWE [ZW] AFRICA, WESTERN [QM05] BENIN [BJ] BURKINA FASO [BF] COTE D'IVOIRE [CI] GAMBIA [GM] GHANA [GH] GUINEA [GN] GUINEA-BISSAU [GW] LIBERIA [LR] MALI [ML] MAURITANIA [MR] NIGER [NE] NIGERIA [NG] SENEGAL [SN] SIERRA LEONE [SL] TOGO [TG] WESTERN SAHARA [EH] ANTARCTICA [AQ] ASIA [QN] ASIA, CENTRAL [QN01] BHUTAN [BT] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 313

MONGOLIA [MN] NEPAL [NP] ASIA, NORTHEAST [QN02] CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF [CN] CHINA, REPUBLIC OF [TW] HONG KONG [HK] JAPAN [JP] KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF [KP] KOREA, REPUBLIC OF [KR] MACAU [MO] ASIA, SOUTHEAST [QN03] BRUNEI DARUSSALAM [BN] EAST TIMOR [TP] INDONESIA [ID] BALI [ID02] BORNEO [ID13] IRIAN JAYA [ID09] JAVA [ID07] SULAWESI [ID21] SUMATRA [ID24] KAMPUCHEA [KH] LAOS [LA] MALAYSIA [MY] MYANMAR [MM] SINGAPORE [SG] THAILAND [TH] VIET NAM [VN] ASIA, SOUTHERN [QN04] BANGLADESH [BD] INDIA [IN] SRI LANKA [LK] ASIA, WESTERN [QN05] AFGHANISTAN [AF] ARMENIA [AM] AZERBAIJAN [AZ] GEORGIA (COUNTRY) [GG] KAZAKHSTAN [KZ] KYRGYZSTAN [KG] PAKISTAN [PK] TADJIKISTAN [TJ] TURKMENISTAN [TM] UZBEKISTAN [UZ] MIDDLE EAST [QN06] BAHRAIN [BH] GAZA STRIP [GZ] IRAN [IR] IRAQ [IQ] ISRAEL [IL] JORDAN [JO] KUWAIT [KW] LEBANON [LB] NEUTRAL ZONE [NT] OMAN [OM] QATAR [QA] SAUDI ARABIA [SA] SYRIA [SY] TURKEY [TR] UNITED ARAB EMIRATES [AE] YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC [YE] RUSSIA [RU] ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS [QO] BAHAMAS [BS] BERMUDA [BM] BOUVET ISLAND [BV] CAPE VERDE [CV] CARIBBEAN ISLANDS [QO01] ANGUILLA [AI] ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA [AG] ARUBA [AW] BARBADOS [BB]

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CAYMAN ISLANDS [KY] CUBA [CU] DOMINICA [DM] DOMINICAN REPUBLIC [DO] GRENADA [GD] GUADELOUPE [GP] HAITI [HT] JAMAICA [JM] MARTINIQUE [MQ] MONTSERRAT [MS] NETHERLANDS ANTILLES [AN] PUERTO RICO [PR] SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS [KN] SAINT LUCIA [LC] SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES [VC] TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO [TT] TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS [TC] VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH) [VG] VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) [VI] FALKLAND ISLANDS [FK] FAROE ISLANDS [FO] GREENLAND [GL] ICELAND [IS] ST. HELENA [SH] ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON [PM] SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN ISLANDS [SJ] AUSTRALIA [AU] CHRISTMAS ISLAND [CX] CENTRAL AMERICA [QP] BELIZE [BZ] COSTA RICA [CR] EL SALVADOR [SV] GUATEMALA [GT] HONDURAS [HN] NICARAGUA [NI] PANAMA [PA] CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ] CONTINENTAL CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ11] COOL SUMMER CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ13] SUBARCTIC CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ14] WARM SUMMER CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ12] DRY CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ04] ARID CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ06] SEMIARID CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ05] HIGH ELEVATIONS CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ18] HIGHLANDS CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ19] UPLANDS CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ20] MILD CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ07] HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ10] MARINA WEST COAST CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ08] MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ09] POLAR CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ15] ICE CAP CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ17] TUNDRA CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ16] TROPICAL CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ01] TROPICAL DRY CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ03] TROPICAL WET CLIMATIC ZONE [CLZ02] EUROPE [QR] EUROPE, CENTRAL [QR01] AUSTRIA [AT] GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC [DE] EUROPE, EASTERN [QR02] ALBANIA [AL] BELARUS [BY] BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA [BA] BULGARIA [BG] CROATIA [HR] CZECHOSLOVAKIA [CS] ESTONIA [EE] HUNGARY [HU] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 315

LATVIA [LV] LITHUANIA [LT] MOLDOVA [MD] POLAND [PL] ROMANIA [RO] RUSSIA [RU] SLOVENIA [SI] TURKEY [TR] UKRAINE [UA] YUGOSLAVIA [YU] EUROPE, SOUTHERN [QR03] CYPRUS [CY] GIBRALTAR [GI] GREECE [GR] ITALY [IT] MALTA [MT] MONACO [MC] PORTUGAL [PT] SAN MARINO [SM] SPAIN [ES] VATICAN CITY [VA] EUROPE, WESTERN [QR04] ANDORRA [AD] BELGIUM [BE] FRANCE [FR] IRELAND [IE] LIECHTENSTEIN [LI] LUXEMBOURG [LU] NETHERLANDS [NL] SWITZERLAND [CH] UNITED KINGDOM [GB] ENGLAND [GB01] SCOTLAND [GB02] WALES [GB03] SCANDINAVIA [QR05] DENMARK [DK] FAROE ISLANDS [FO] FINLAND [FI] ICELAND [IS] NORWAY [NO] SWEDEN [SE] FISHING AREAS [AA] AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA01] ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA08] AQUACULTURE [AQU1] ARCTIC FISHING AREA [AA18] ASIAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA04] ASIAN NORTHWEST FISHING AREA [AA07] ATLANTIC OCEAN [ATOC] ATLANTIC OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA [AA34] ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHEAST FISHING AREA [AA27] ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHWEST FISHING AREA [AA21] ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA [AA48] ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST FISHING AREA [AA47] ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST FISHING AREA [AA41] ATLANTIC OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA [AA31] AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA06] EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA05] FRESHWATER [FRWA] INDIAN OCEAN [INOC] INDIAN OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA [AA57] INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA [AA58] INDIAN OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA [AA51] MEDITERRANEAN FISHING AREA [AA37] NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA02] PACIFIC OCEAN [PAOC] PACIFIC OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA [AA77] PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHEAST FISHING AREA [AA67] PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHWEST FISHING AREA [AA61] PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA [AA88]

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PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST FISHING AREA [AA87] PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST FISHING AREA [AA81] PACIFIC OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA [AA71] SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA [AA03] SUBTROPICAL REEF [SUB2] SUBTROPICAL WATERS [SUB1] TROPICAL REEF [TRO2] TROPICAL WATERS [TRO1] GEOPOLITICAL DESIGNATION [QZ] CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION COUNTRIES [QZ02] EUROPEAN UNION [QZ01] INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS [QS] BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY [IO] COCOS ISLANDS [CC] HEARD AND MCDONALD ISLANDS [HM] MALDIVES [MV] MAURITIUS [MU] REUNION ISLAND [RE] SEYCHELLES [SC] NORTH AMERICA [QT] CANADA [CA] ALBERTA [CA01] BRITISH COLUMBIA [CA02] MANITOBA [CA03] NEW BRUNSWICK [CA04] NEWFOUNDLAND [CA05] NORTHWEST TERRITORIES [CA06] NOVA SCOTIA [CA07] ONTARIO [CA08] PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND [CA09] QUEBEC [CA10] SASKATCHEWAN [CA11] YUKON TERRITORY [CA12] MEXICO [MX] UNITED STATES [US] MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES [US60] DELAWARE [US10] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA [US11] KENTUCKY [US21] MARYLAND [US24] NEW JERSEY [US34] OHIO [US39] PENNSYLVANIA [US42] VIRGINIA [US51] WEST VIRGINIA [US54] MIDWESTERN STATES [US61] ARKANSAS [US05] ILLINOIS [US17] INDIANA [US18] IOWA [US19] KANSAS [US20] MICHIGAN [US26] MINNESOTA [US27] MISSOURI [US29] NEBRASKA [US31] NORTH DAKOTA [US38] SOUTH DAKOTA [US46] WISCONSIN [US55] NORTHEASTERN STATES [US62] CONNECTICUT [US09] MAINE [US23] MASSACHUSETTS [US25] NEW HAMPSHIRE [US33] NEW YORK [US36] RHODE ISLAND [US44] VERMONT [US50] SOUTHEASTERN STATES [US63] ALABAMA [US01] FLORIDA [US12] GEORGIA [US13] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 317

LOUISIANA [US22] MISSISSIPPI [US28] NORTH CAROLINA [US37] SOUTH CAROLINA [US45] TENNESSEE [US47] SOUTHWESTERN STATES [US64] ARIZONA [US04] COLORADO [US08] NEW MEXICO [US35] OKLAHOMA [US40] TEXAS [US48] UTAH [US49] U.S. PROTECTORATES [US65] WESTERN STATES [US66] ALASKA [US02] CALIFORNIA [US06] HAWAII [US15] IDAHO [US16] MONTANA [US30] NEVADA [US32] OREGON [US41] WASHINGTON [US53] WYOMING [US56] PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS [QU] AMERICAN SAMOA [AS] COOK ISLANDS [CK] FIJI [FJ] FRENCH POLYNESIA [PF] TAHITI [PF01] FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES [TF] GUAM [GU] KIRIBATI [KI] MARSHALL ISLANDS [MH] MICRONESIA [FM] NAURU [NR] NEW CALEDONIA [NC] NEW ZEALAND [NZ] NIUE [NU] NORFOLK ISLAND [NF] NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS [MP] PALAU [PW] PAPUA NEW GUINEA [PG] PHILIPPINES [PH] PITCAIRN ISLAND [PN] SOLOMON ISLANDS [SB] TOKELAU [TK] TONGA [TO] TUVALU [TV] UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS [UM] VANUATU [VU] WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS [WF] WESTERN SAMOA [WS] SOUTH AMERICA [QV] ARGENTINA [AR] BOLIVIA [BO] BRAZIL [BR] CHILE [CL] COLOMBIA [CO] ECUADOR [EC] FRENCH GUIANA [GF] GUYANA [GY] PARAGUAY [PY] PERU [PE] SURINAME [SR] URUGUAY [UY] VENEZUELA [VE]

318 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

4.14 Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD

Z. ADJUNCT CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD [Z0005] ADJUNCT CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT, POULTRY OR FISH [Z0049] COLOR OF FISH FLESH [Z0055] COLOR OF FISH FLESH NOT KNOWN [Z0061] COLOR OF FISH FLESH, MIXTURE [Z0062] DARK FISH FLESH [Z0058] LIGHT FISH FLESH [Z0057] PINK FISH FLESH [Z0060] RED FISH FLESH [Z0059] WHITE FISH FLESH [Z0056] COLOR OF POULTRY MEAT [Z0006] DARK MEAT [Z0002] LIGHT MEAT [Z0004] MEAT COLOR, MIXTURE [Z0054] MEAT COLOR, UNDESIGNATED OR UNKNOWN [Z0003] CUT OF MEAT [Z0146] CUT OF MEAT, FRENCH [Z0121] CUT OF MEAT, COMPOSITE [Z0047] QUARTIER ARRIERE [Z0135] ALOYAU [Z0141] ENTRE-COTE [Z0142] FAUX-FILET [Z0143] FILET [Z0144] RUMSTECK [Z0145] CUISSE [Z0136] GITE ARRIERE [Z0137] SEMELLE [Z0138] TRANCHE (MEAT CUT) [Z0139] TRANCHE GRASSE [Z0140] TAIL [Z0155] QUARTIER AVANT [Z0122] BASSES-COTES [Z0130] CAPARACON [Z0123] BAVETTE [Z0124] FLANCHET [Z0125] HAMPE [Z0126] PLAT-DE-COTE [Z0127] POITRINE [Z0128] COLLIER [Z0129] RAQUETTE [Z0131] GITE AVANT [Z0132] JUMEAU [Z0133] MARCREUSE [Z0134] CUT OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0008] BELLY MEAT [Z0063] BREAST (MEAT CUT) [Z0045] BRISKET [Z0020] CHUCK [Z0021] CUT OF MEAT NOT KNOWN [Z0018] CUT OF MEAT, COMPOSITE [Z0047] CUT OF MEAT, OTHER [Z0048] FLANK [Z0022] FOOT (MEAT CUT) [Z0041] FORE SHANK [Z0025] JOWL, TRIMMED [Z0040] LOIN [Z0031] RIB (MEAT CUT) [Z0023] ROUND OR LEG (MEAT CUT) [Z0024] SHORT LOIN [Z0026] SHORT PLATE [Z0028] SHOULDER (MEAT CUT) [Z0043] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 319

FAT BACK [Z0037] SIDE (MEAT CUT) [Z0046] SIRLOIN [Z0027] TAIL [Z0155] CUT OF POULTRY MEAT [Z0156] BREAST (POULTRY MEAT CUT) [Z0158] LEG (POULTRY MEAT CUT) [Z0159] THIGH (POULTRY MEAT CUT) [Z0160] WING (POULTRY MEAT CUT) [Z0157] EXTENT OF FAT TRIM [Z0107] EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 0 INCH [Z0106] EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 1/2 INCH [Z0104] EXTERNAL FAT TRIMMED TO 1/4 INCH [Z0105] GRADE OF MEAT [Z0064] GRADE OF MEAT NOT KNOWN [Z0019] GRADE OF MEAT, EUROPE [Z0065] GRADE A, EUROPE [Z0150] GRADE E, EUROPE [Z0066] GRADE O, EUROPE [Z0069] GRADE OF MEAT, MIXTURE [Z0053] GRADE P, EUROPE [Z0070] GRADE R, EUROPE [Z0068] GRADE U, EUROPE [Z0067] GRADE OF MEAT, U.S. [Z0007] CANNER GRADE [Z0016] CHOICE GRADE [Z0010] COMMERCIAL GRADE [Z0013] CULL GRADE [Z0017] CUTTER GRADE [Z0015] GRADE OF MEAT, MIXTURE [Z0053] PRIME GRADE [Z0009] SELECT GRADE [Z0011] STANDARD GRADE [Z0012] UTILITY GRADE [Z0014] PARTICLE SIZE IN SOLID FORMED PRODUCTS [Z0097] SOLID CONTAINING MEDIUM OR LARGE CHUNKS (8 MM.) [Z0100] SOLID CONTAINING MEDIUM OR SMALL PARTICLES (8-4 MM.) [Z0103] SOLID CONTAINING SMALL PARTICLES (4-1 MM.) [Z0099] SOLID CONTAINING VERY SMALL PARTICLES (>1 MM.) [Z0098] BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY DERIVED FOOD [Z0151] DEGREE OF PLANT MATURITY [Z0050] MATURITY OR RIPENESS UNKNOWN [Z0205] RIPE OR MATURE [Z0052] UNRIPE OR IMMATURE [Z0051] FOOD CONTENT RANGE (EUROPE) [Z0176] ALCOHOL CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0165] ALCOHOL CONTENT < 1% [Z0169] ALCOHOL CONTENT < 9% [Z0171] ALCOHOL CONTENT > 5% [Z0166] ALCOHOL CONTENT > 9% [Z0170] ALCOHOL CONTENT 1-3% [Z0168] ALCOHOL CONTENT 3.1-5% [Z0167] FAT CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0177] FAT CONTENT < 1% [Z0181] FAT CONTENT < 15% [Z0186] FAT CONTENT < 3.5% [Z0190] FAT CONTENT < 30% [Z0193] FAT CONTENT < 5% [Z0183] FAT CONTENT < 50%, < 35% PUFA [Z0203] FAT CONTENT < 50%, > 35% PUFA [Z0202] FAT CONTENT > 3% [Z0187] FAT CONTENT > 30% [Z0184] FAT CONTENT > 4% [Z0178] FAT CONTENT > 5% [Z0182] FAT CONTENT > 50% [Z0191] FAT CONTENT > 60% [Z0194] FAT CONTENT > 80%, < 25% PUFA [Z0199] FAT CONTENT > 80%, > 25% PUFA [Z0198] FAT CONTENT >= 3.5% [Z0189] FAT CONTENT 1-2.9% [Z0180]

320 LanguaL 2000 - Thesaurus

FAT CONTENT 1-3% [Z0188] FAT CONTENT 15-30% [Z0185] FAT CONTENT 30-45% [Z0196] FAT CONTENT 30-50% [Z0192] FAT CONTENT 31-45% [Z0197] FAT CONTENT 3-4% [Z0179] FAT CONTENT 46-60% [Z0195] FAT CONTENT 50-80%, < 25% PUFA [Z0200] FAT CONTENT 50-80%, > 25% PUFA [Z0201] OIL CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0172] OIL CONTENT < 25% [Z0175] OIL CONTENT > 50% [Z0173] OIL CONTENT 25-50% [Z0174] SUGAR CONTENT (EUROPE) [Z0161] SUGAR CONTENT < 30% [Z0164] SUGAR CONTENT > 50% [Z0162] SUGAR CONTENT 30-50% [Z0163] FORMULATED MIX [Z0074] BEVERAGE BASE [Z0088] BEVERAGE BASE, DRY [Z0089] BEVERAGE BASE, LIQUID [Z0091] DRY MIX [Z0090] HACCP GUIDE [HA00] AMNESIC SHELLFISH POISONING [ASFP] ANISAKIS INFESTATION [ANIN] CHIMAEROID POISONING [CHFP] CHLORINATED BIPHENYL [PCBP] CIGUATOXIC [CGTX] CLUPEOTOXIC POISONING [CPFP] DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH POISONING [DSFP] DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM INFESTATION [DBIN] HAZARD 1 [HA01] HAZARD 10 [HA10] HAZARD 2 [HA02] HAZARD 3 [HA03] HAZARD 4 [HA04] HAZARD 5 [HA05] HAZARD 6 [HA06] HAZARD 7 [HA07] HAZARD 8 [HA08] HAZARD 9 [HA09] ICHTHYOALLYEINOTOXIC POISONING [IAFP] ICHTHYOCRINOTOXIC POISONING [ICFP] ICHTHYOHEPATOTOXIC POISONING [IHFP] ICHTHYOOTOXIC POISONING [IOFP] LEAD POISONING [LEPO] NEMATODE INFESTATION [NMIN] NEUROTOXIC SHELLFISH POISONING [NSFP] PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING [PSFP] SCOMBROTOXIC [SCOM] SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE [NATP] TETRODOTOXIC POISONING [TDFP] MATERIAL OF CONTACT PRIOR TO PACKAGING [Z0077] PROCESSED IN GLASS CONTAINER [Z0082] PROCESSED IN METAL CONTAINER [Z0078] PROCESSED IN COPPER CONTAINER [Z0079] PROCESSED IN IRON CONTAINER [Z0080] PROCESSED IN STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINER [Z0081] PROCESSED IN PLASTIC CONTAINER [Z0083] PROCESSED IN STONE CONTAINER [Z0084] PROCESSED IN TEFLON-COATED CONTAINER [Z0101] PROCESSED IN WOOD CONTAINER [Z0085] PRESENCE OF CASING OR RIND [Z0102] TYPE OF RIND OR CRUST [Z0071] CHEESE RIND, ARTIFICIAL [Z0148] CHEESE RIND, MOLDY [Z0073] CHEESE RIND, NATURAL [Z0147] CHEESE RIND, WASHED OR BRUSHED [Z0072] TYPE OF SAUSAGE CASING [Z0092] EDIBLE SAUSAGE CASING [Z0094] LanguaL 2000 Thesaurus 321

INEDIBLE SAUSAGE CASING [Z0093] NO SAUSAGE CASING [Z0096] SAUSAGE CASING NOT KNOWN [Z0095] PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT [Z0206] AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT [Z0152] DOMESTIC OR CULTIVATED [Z0154] SEMIDOMESTIC OR SEMIWILD [Z0204] WILD OR GATHERED [Z0153] GROWING CONDITIONS [Z0207] OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR [Z0208] CONVENTIONAL OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR PRODUCTION [Z0209] ORGANIC OUTDOOR/OPEN-AIR PRODUCTION [Z0210] UNDER GLASS/PROTECTED [Z0211] CONVENTIONAL UNDER GLASS/PROTECTED PRODUCTION [Z0212] HYDROPONICS [Z0214] ORGANIC UNDER GLASS/PROTECTED PRODUCTION [Z0213] PREPARATION ESTABLISHMENT [Z0108] COMMISSARY PREPARED [Z0113] FOOD INDUSTRY PREPARED [Z0112] HOME PREPARED [Z0109] RESTAURANT OR FAST FOOD PREPARED [Z0119] FAST FOOD RESTAURANT PREPARED [Z0111] RESTAURANT PREPARED [Z0110] STREET VENDOR PREPARED AND/OR SOLD [Z0120] PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT NOT KNOWN [Z0215] PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT OTHER [Z0216] STATUS OF FOOD NAME [Z0087] APPELLATION CONTROLEE [Z0086]

European Commission

EUR 19540 - COST Action 99 – LanguaL 2000 – The LanguaL thesaurus

Edited by Anders Møller and Jayne Ireland

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 2000 - 332 pp. - 21 x 29.7 cm ISBN 92-828-9758-3 Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 48