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NATIONAL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOCIATION

Program and Abstracts of the 112th Annual Meeting

March 29 – April 2, 2020

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25$/35(6(17$7,216 Michael P. Acquafredda, Ximing Guo, and Daphne Munroe PHENOTYPIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSE OF FARMED ATLANTIC SURFCLAMS (SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA) TO REPEATED HEAT STRESS AND THE FEASIBILITY OF SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR GREATER HEAT TOLERANCE ...... 39 Michael P. Acquafredda, Nicole Deck, Michael Whiteside, Daphne Munroe, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, David Bushek, Michael De Luca, and Ximing Guo DIVERSIFICATION OF BIVALVE AQUACULTURE IN THE NORTHEAST: TESTING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF BAY SCALLOPS (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS) IN NEW JERSEY ...... 39 M. Victoria Agnew, Colleen A. Burge, Morgan E. Eisenlord, and Carolyn S. Friedman CAN PACIFIC OYSTERS BE USED TO MITIGATE EELGRASS WASTING DISEASE? ...... 40 Ali A. Albadran and Masami Fujiwara DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES OF THE WHITE SHRIMP, LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF PHENYLPYRAZOLE FIPRONIL ...... 40 Ali A. Albadran and Masami Fujiwara EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES, FIPRONIL, AND IMIDACLOPRID ON THE GROWTH, SURVIVAL, AND BEHAVIOR OF BROWN SHRIMP, FARFANTEPENAEUS AZTECUS ...... 40 Pedro Alcivar-Marcillo, Miriam Alcivar-Arteaga, Gober Asunción, Mayra Galindo, Christian Saltos, Sofía Figueroa, Diana Villota, Diana Calvache, Benjamin Hall, Brenna Kelley, Joe Singh, Shana Singh, Cristian Argandona, Liliana Zuniga, Daniela Espinoza, Arturo Ruiz Luna, Cesar Alejandro Berlanga-Robles, Jorge Echevarria, Chika F. Ikeogu, and Acacia Alcivar-Warren THE MANGROVE GENOME AND EPIGENOME (MANGROVEENCODE) PROJECT: EFFORTS TO CONSERVE HEALTHY MANGROVES AND WETLANDS ECOSYSTEMS ...... 41 Acacia Alcivar-Warren ONE HEALTH EPIGENOMICS AND MICROBIOMES: FROM SOIL TO PEOPLE WORKSHOP: RECOGNITION TO WINNERS OF STUDENT TRAVEL AWARDS AND OUTSTANDING RESEARCHERS IN AQUACULTURE – ONE HEALTH PIONEERS ADDRESSING ECOSYSTEM, ANIMAL, AND PUBLIC HEALTH ...... 41 Acacia Alcivar-Warren THE SHRIMP GENOME AND EPIGENOME: A REVIEW OF GENOME SIZES, TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS, SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS, INTEGRATED VIRUSES AND EPIGENETIC COMPONENTS OF PENAEIDS ...... 42 Ricky J. Alexander, Liese Siemann, and Ronald Smolowitz UTILIZING TIME-LAPSE IMAGERY TO QUANTIFY POST-TRANSPLANT SCALLOP BEHAVIOR ...... 42 Stephanie T. Alexander, Jeffrey Alexander, Robert Carey, Alex Golding, Alicia Klages, Julie Trommatter, Steven Weschler, and Stacey Willey HATCHERY OPERATIONS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY: BENDING WITH THE TIDE AT HORN POINT OYSTER HATCHERY, MARYLAND, USA ...... 42 Standish K. Allen, Jr. HATCHERY OPERATIONS FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SHELLFISH ...... 43 Chinnaiah Amutha and Dharshana Dinesh ASSESSMENT OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND BIO-TRANSFORMATION ENZYMATIC EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE ON THE PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP, PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI ...... 43 Roberto Arredondo-Espinoza, Cristina Escobedo-Fregoso, Maria Teresa Sicard-Gonzales, A lberto Peña-Rodríguez, Steven Roberts, and Ana María Ibarra HEAT SHOCK STRESS RESPONSE GENES REGULATED BY METHYLATION IN THE PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS ...... 44 Samantha E. Askin, Robert A. Fisher, and Jan R. McDowell CHANNELED WHELK, BUSYCOTYPUS CANALICULATUS, POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION ...... 44 Gober Asuncion, Kathy F.J. Tang, and Acacia Alcivar-Warren THE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE (RT) OF RTE-3_LVA NON-LTR RETROTRANSPOSON FROM SPF PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI IS SIMILAR TO RT FROM P. MONODON ENDOGENOUS VIRUSDO IHHNV - INSIGHTS INTO HORIZONTALNOT GENE TRANSFER OF A DNACITE PARVOVIRUS ...... 45 14 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

T. Bachvaroff, L. Plough, and J. Sook Chung CRACKING THE GENOME OF THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ...... 45 Weidong Bao, Kathy Tang, and Acacia Alcivar-Warren THE COMPLETE GENOME OF AN ENDOGENOUS NIMAVIRUS (NIMAV-1_LVA) FROM THE PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP, PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI ...... 45 Bruce J. Barber GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF NORTHERN (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA) AND SOUTHERN (M. CAMPECHIENSIS) QUAHOGS IN FLORIDA: HATCHERY AND NURSERY PHASES ...... 46 Michelle Barbosa, Caroline Schwaner, Sarah Farhat, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, and Bassem Allam EXAMINING THE POTENTIAL FOR ACCLIMATION OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA LARVAE TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ...... 46 João Barbossa, Guilherme Jeremias, Joana L. Pereira, and Jana Asselman THE INCORPORATION OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT: APPROACHES FOR NON-MODEL SPECIES ...... 47 Brian F. Beal and Kyle Pepperman SOFTSHELL CLAM AND ARCTIC SURFCLAM HATCHERY DEVELOPMENT IN MAINE ...... 47 %ULDQ)%HDO&KDG5&RI¿QDQG6DUD)5DQGDOO EFFECTS OF GREEN CRAB, CARCINUS MAENAS, PREDATION ON SOFTSHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA, POPULATIONS IN MAINE DURING A WARMING OCEAN ENVIRONMENT ...... 47 Brian F. Beal, Kyle Pepperman, and Bennett Ellis ARCTIC SURFCLAM, MACTROMERIS POLYNYMA, FIELD GROWOUT TRIALS IN EASTERN MAINE, USA, USING CULTURED JUVENILES...... 48 Christopher D. Bentley, Richard Snyder, Reza Ovissipour, Michael Schwarz, Setareh Shiroodi, Steve Urick, and Jonathan van Senten HETEROTROPHICALLY CONDITIONED RECIRCULATION SYSTEM FOR BIVALVE LARVAL CULTURE ...... 48 Marcia R. Berman, Roger Mann, James Wesson, Melissa Southworth, and Tamia Rudnicky A GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY TO DESIGNATE ALTERNATIVE USES OF PUBLIC BAYLOR GROUNDS IN SUPPORT OF AQUACULTURE EXPANSION IN VIRGINIA, USA ...... 49 N. David Bethoney and Kevin D. E. Stokesbury THE DISAPPEARANCE OF NEARLY 2 BILLION SCALLOPS ...... 49 Subha Bhassu and Tze Chiew Christie Soo DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTOMICS APPROACH ON AHPND-CHALLENGED DISEASE TOLERANT MADAGASAR-MALAYSIA PENEAUS MONODON REVEALS SIGNATURE EXPRESSION IN CONSERVED DOMAINS OF FUNCTIONAL GENES ...... 49 Lydia M. Bienlien and Ryan B. Carnegie ENVIRONMENTAL ABUNDANCE OF PERKINSUS MARINUS IN THE YORK RIVER, VIRGINIA, USA ...... 50 Kelsey A. Bisker, F. Scott Rikard, Glen Chaplin, and William C. Walton EFFECTS OF DIFFERENCES IN DURATION OF LARVAL PERIOD UPON THE FIELD PERFORMANCE OF CULTURED EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA): 2019 RESULTS .... 50 Phil Bloch, Marlene Meaders, Kelly Muething, and Chris Cziesla COMPARATIVE HABITAT USE OF ESTUARINE HABITATS WITH AND WITHOUT OYSTER AQUACULTURE ...... 51 S. Borsetti, E.A. Bochenek, D.B. Rudders, C. Dobson, Jui-Han Chang, and D. Munroe EVALUATION OF LIFE HISTORY AND REPRODUCTIVE TIMING OF WAVED WHELK (BUCCINUM UNDATUM) ON THE U.S. MID-ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF ...... 51 Sarah. A. Bouboulis, Joshua A. Moody, Irina Beal, Matthew J. Gentry, and Danielle A. Kreeger MAXIMIZING SHELLFISH RECRUITMENT IN LIVING SHORELINES FOR RESTORATION AND HABITAT CONSERVATION EFFORTS ...... 52 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 15

Isabelle Boutet, François Lallier, Jean-Yves Toullec, Ann Andersen, Eric Bonnivard, Benoit Salaun, Ricardo Gonzales-Araya, Corentin Chevalier, Sarah Farhat, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Bassem Allam, Ximing Guo, Takeshi Takeuchi, Romain Koszul, Martial Marbouty, Lyam Baudry, and Arnaud Tanguy DEVELOPMENT OF GENOMIC TOOLS TO STUDY THE RESISTANCE OF OSTREA EDULIS TO ITS PARASITES IN THE CONTEXT OF GENETIC SELECTION AND OYSTER RESTORATION ...... 52 Carolina M. Bourque and Patrick Banks CURRENT STATUS OF THE PUBLIC OYSTERS AREAS IN LOUISIANA...... 53 Daniel J. Bowling and David B. Eggleston HURRICANE IMPACTS ON THE NATURAL OYSTER REEFS OF NORTH CAROLINA: IS THIS THE NEW PARADIGM? ...... 53 Tenise Bowman, Rosanne Wallach, Margaret A. Carroll, and Edward J. Catapane CARNOSINE REDUCES THE TOXIC EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL ...... 53 Jacob Boyd and Michael Graven THE NORTH CAROLINA SHELLFISH LEASE PROGRAM ...... 54 Gabriela Bradt and Dr. Marissa McMahan DEVELOPING FISHERIES AND MARKETS FOR THE INVASIVE EUROPEAN GREEN CRAB ...... 54 Christopher Brianik, Sabrina Geraci-Yee, and Bassem Allam COMPLETING THE LIFE CYCLE OF QPX: EVIDENCE OF ZOOSPORES AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW REPLICATION PATHWAY ...... 54 Joy Brown, Melissa Strickland, and Nicole Pehl SITING A LARGE-SCALE LIVING SHORELINE OYSTER REEF PROJECT IN SOUTH CAROLINA, USA ...... 55 David G. Bruce, John V. Lazar, Andrew McGowan, and Stephanie R. Westby SPATIAL DATA AND METHODS USED IN PLANNING LARGE-SCALE OYSTER RESTORATION IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA ...... 55 Jeff F. Brunson, Graham A. Wagner, Elizabeth L. Gooding, Michael R. Kendrick, and Peter R. Kingsley-Smith REFINING REPRODUCTIVE ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS TO BETTER INFORM MANAGEMENT OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA WHITE SHRIMP (PENAEUS SETIFERUS) FISHERY ...... 56 Colleen A. Burge, M. Victoria Agnew, Sukanya M. Dayal, M. Kachmar, Carolyn S. Friedman, Arun K. Dhar, /LRQHO'pJUHPRQW%HQMDPLQ0RUJD3HWHU.LUNODQG&KULV/DQJGRQ%ODLQH6FKRRO¿HOG.RQVWDQWLQ'LYLORY and Brett Dumbauld HOW DO OSHV-1 MICROVARIANTS MEASURE UP? A LAB-BASED COMPARISON AMONG MICROVARIANTS AND COMMON USA OYSTER SPECIES ...... 56 Lisa Calvo, Karen Hudson, David Bushek, Ryan Carnegie, Lori Gustafson, Robert Rheault, and Lucas Marxen A HATCHERY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR THE INTERSTATE TRANSFER OF SHELLFISH SEED ...... 57 Joseph Caracappa, Daphne Munroe, Robert Chant, and Heidi Fuchs MATERNAL AND BEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES ON LARVAL TRANSPORT IN BLUE CRABS ...... 57 Ryan B. Carnegie FINDING A FOCUS ON SUMMER MORTALITY IN OYSTERS ...... 57 Kyle Cassidy, Alexander Zygmunt, and Kevin Stokesbury ASSESSING LARVAL LOBSTER DENSITY IN BOTH INSHORE AND OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENTS .. 58 Dinorah H. Chacin, Susan S. Bell, and Christopher D. Stallings RED MANGROVES (RHIZOPHORA MANGLE) POSITIVELY INFLUENCE THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) ALONG AN INTERTIDAL GRADIENT ...... 58 Michael D. Chambers, M. Robertson Swift, Pete Flanigan, Vinnie Prien, and Chris Duffy ADVANCING SUBMERGED MUSSEL FARMING TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLEVIATE EIDER DUCK PREDATION ...... 59 Kurt M. Cheng, Danielle A. Kreeger, Angela T. Padeletti, and Matt J. Gentry MUSSELS FOR CLEAN WATER INITIATIVE: EXPANDING WATER FILTRATION SCIENCE BEYOND SALTWATERDO AND INTO FRESHWATER NOT ECOSYSTEMS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC CITE ...... 59 16 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Diana W. Chin, Jimmy de Fouw, Tjisse van der Heide, Brianna V. Cahill, Kevin Katcher, Valerie J. Paul, Justin E. Campbell, and Bradley J. Peterson OBLIGATE AND FACULTATIVE FACILITATION OF SEAGRASSES BY CHEMOSYMBIOTIC BIVALVES ...... 60 Mohammed Shah Nawaz Chowdhury, Brenda Walles, S.M. Sharifuzzaman, M. Shahadat Hossain, Tom Ysebaert, and Aad C. Smaal OYSTER BREAKWATER REEFS PROMOTE ADJACENT MUDFLAT STABILITY AND SALTMARSH GROWTH IN A MONSOON DOMINATED SUBTROPICAL COAST ...... 60 Kaitlyn R. Clark, Sally Roman, Roger Mann, Theresa Redmond, and David B. Rudders THE EFFECT OF DENSITY ON THE GROWTH, YIELD, AND REPRODUCTION OF THE SEA SCALLOP, PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS ...... 60 Christina L. Collins, Nicholas P. Burnett, Matthew J. Ramsey, Kaitlyn Wagner, and Mackenzie L. Zippay HABITAT TYPE INFLUENCES PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF AN INVASIVE MUSSEL, MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS ...... 61 +DQQDK,&ROOLQV%ULGJHW$+RORKDQ7\OHU:*ULI¿QDQG-(YDQ:DUG EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON THE GUT MICROBIOME OF THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS ...... 61 (PLO\0&RRNVH\$PLW\=LPPHU)DXVW5DFKHO'LQHU-RVK6WHHO-RKQ*ULI¿WKDQG0DUF9HUKRXJKVWUDHWH PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENIC VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS AND VIBRIO VULNIFICUS IN OYSTERS HARVESTED IN NEWPORT BAY, CALIFORNIA, USA ...... 62 Jeffrey C. Cornwell, Michael S. Owens, M. Lisa Kellogg, and Julie Reichert-Nguyen OYSTER DENITRIFICATION AS A BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ...... 62 Charlotte Corporeau, Fabrice Pernet, Bruno Petton, Claudie Quéré, Valérian Le Roy, Christine Dubreuil, Romain Vilaça, Fanny Langlois, Sébastien Artigaud, Vianney Pichereau, and Sandra Laca-Gervais THE BATHYMETRIC LEVEL INDUCES A METABOLIC RESPONSE IN CRASSOSTREA GIGAS THAT PROTECTS FROM DEATH INDUCED BY THE MARINE VIRUS OSHV-1 ...... 63 M. Cowan, T. Green, P. de la Bastide, T. Finston, G. Meyer, B. McAmmond, J. Van Hamme, E. Bottos, W. Hintz, R. Marshall, and C.M. Pearce EMERGING PACIFIC OYSTER SUMMER MORTALITY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, IS ASSOCIATED WITH VIBRIO SPP., TEMPERATURE, AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT ...... 63 Grace Crandall, Pam Jensen, Sam White, and Steven Roberts EFFECTS OF BITTER CRAB DISEASE ON THE GENE EXPRESSION OF ALASKA TANNER CRABS .... 64 Angela Cruz, Julie Barber, Neil Harrington, Elizabeth Tobin, and Katelyn Bosley PACIFIC NORTHWEST CRAB RESEARCH GROUP: CLOSING CRITICAL DUNGENESS CRAB DATA GAPS IN WASHINGTON WATERS ...... 64 Charlie M. Culpepper III OVERVIEW OF THE FLORIDA AQUAUCULTURE LEASING PROGRAM ...... 64 Timothy P. Curtin, Nils Volkenborn, Ian Dwyer, and Christopher J. Gobler EFFECTS OF BUFFERING MUDS WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF THE NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM) (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA)...... 65 Anthony F. D’Andrea EVALUATING THE USE OF MULTIVARIATE APPROACHES TO PREDICT HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF SHELLFISH COMMUNITIES IN OREGON ESTUARIES ...... 65 M. Zachary Darnell and Adam A. Kemberling LARGE-SCALE MOVEMENTS OF SPAWNING FEMALE BLUE CRABS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO: A GULF-WIDE MARK-RECAPTURE STUDY ...... 65 Stephen Ross Davies USING DREDGE MOUNTED CAMERAS TO MAP BOTTOM HABITAT IN ACTIVE SURFCLAM FISHING GROUNDS ...... 66 Anna Manyak Davis, Kennedy T. Paynter, and Louis Plough EXAMINING INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN OYSTER TOLERANCE TO REDUCED OXYGEN .... 66 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 17

Joth Davis DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT CRITERIA OF HATCHERIES SPECIALIZED FOR SHELLFISH BREEDING ...... 67 Darren K. de Silva and Christopher J. Gobler EFFECTS OF THE HARMFUL ALGA, COCHLODINUM (MARGALEFIDINIUM) POLYKRIKOIDES, ON CLEARANCE RATE OF THE JUVENILE NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM), MERCENARIA MERCENARIA ...... 67 Julie Decker ALASKA MARICULTURE INITIATIVE – PHASE 2: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 20-YEAR COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AND BUILDING INDUSTRY MOMENTUM ...... 67 Kristin DeRosia-Banick, Steve Jones, Chris Schillaci, Chris Nash, Tom Howell, Lori Howell, Randi Foxall, Meghan Hartwick, and Cheryl Whistler REDUCING VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OYSTER AQUACULTURE PRACTICES IN CONNECTICUT, USA ...... 68 William F. Dewey A SHELLFISH INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE ON SHELLFISH-EELGRASS INTERACTIONS—A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS AND VIDEO IS WORTH A MILLION ...... 68 Konstantin Divilov THE PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS OF RECOMBINATION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GENETIC RISK ASSESSMENTS ...... 68 Michael H. Doall, Dylan Cottrell, Bradley J. Peterson, and Christopher J. Gobler INCREASES IN POPULATIONS OF THE NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM), MERCENARIA MERCENARIA, FOLLOWING THE CREATION OF SPAWNER SANCTUARIES IN SHINNECOCK BAY, NEW YORK: CAUSATION OR CORRELATION? ...... 69 Sarah C. Donelan, Matt B. Ogburn, and Denise Breitburg CARRYOVER EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA AND WARMING ON EASTERN OYSTER PERFORMANCE ..... 69 Brett R. Dumbauld, Jennifer L. Ruesink, Alan J. Trimble, Zachary Forster, Natsuki Hasegawa, Anna Bolm, and Brooke McIntyre CLIMATE AND ESTUARINE GRADIENT INFLUENCE PACIFIC OYSTER CONDITION AND SPAWNING IN WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON, USA ...... 70 David B. Eggleston THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY ...... 70 Eggleston, Caretti, Bohnenstiehl USING PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ACOUSTICS TO ASSESS OYSTER RESTORATION SUCCESS ...... 70 Krystle Ernest, Kameca Baxter, Tia Foster, Edward J. Catapane, and Margaret A. Carroll EFFECTS OF MANGANESE ON THE CILIO-INHIBITORY ACTIONS OF DOPAMINE D2 AGONISTS ON GILL LATERAL CELLS OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 71 Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Simon Allam, and Bassem Allam BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS REGULATING MUCOSAL LECTINS IN THE OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA...... 71 Sarah Farhat, Arnaud Tanguy, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Ximing Guo, Isabelle Boutet, Roxanna Smolowitz, Diane Murphy, Gregg J. Rivara, and Bassem Allam USING RADSEQ FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM) RESISTANCE TO QPX DISEASE ...... 72 Anna Feerick, Ethan Hain, Ke He, Anne Timm, Mitchell Tarnowski, and Lee Blaney CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN IN CHESAPEAKE BAY OYSTER REEFS ...... 72 Joao G. Ferreira THE COMING OF AGE OF PRECISION AQUACULTURE – HOW MODELS ARE CHANGING THE WAY WE GROW SHELLFISH ...... 73 William S. Fisher A POTENTIALDO ROLE FOR AMEBOCYTES NOT IN OYSTER SHELL DEPOSITION CITE ...... 73 18 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

William S. Fisher REVISITING THE ROLE OF COPPER AND ZINC IN ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSES OF EASTERN OYSTERS ...... 73 William S. Fisher THE UNCONVENTIONAL FINDINGS OF HERBERT PRYTHERCH ON OYSTER SETTING AND METAMORPHOSIS ...... 74 Woodson F. Francis, Jr. BALTIMORE DISTRICT CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMITTING OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES IN MARYLAND...... 74 Brendan F. Fries, Ben J. K. Davis, Erika Atherly, Gina Olson, John C. Bowers, Angelo De Paola, and Frank C. Curriero A HIERARCHICAL, TIME-SERIES MODEL OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS GENETIC MARKERS IN WASHINGTON STATE PACIFIC OYSTERS FROM 2005-2019 ...... 75 Songzhe Fu, Jingwei Hao, Qian Yang, Ruijun Li, and Ying Liu LONG-DISTANCE TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENIC VIBRIO SPECIES BY MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS: A POTENTIAL THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH ...... 75 Songzhe Fu, Dawei Wei, Guosi Xie, Bo Pang, Jie Huang, Mingming Dong, and Ying Liu GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS REVEALS THE TRANSMISSION PATTERNS OF SHRIMP ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE (AHPND) AND THE ORIGINS OF AHPND-ASSOCIATED PLASMID ...... 76 Jorge C. Galarza, Maria G. Castillo, Efren R. Delgado, and Wiebke J. Boeing DIFFERENCE IN GUT MICROBIOTA OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI BETWEEN A PLANT- AND ANIMAL-BASED DIET ...... 76 Pavel E. Galindo-Torres, Claudia Ventura-López, Ana M. Ibarra, and Acacia Alcivar-Warren THE FEM-1 HOMOLOG C-LIKE PROTEIN (LOC113816458) IN THE GENOME SEQUENCE ASSEMBLY (ASM378908V1) OF PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI FARMED IN CHINA IS HOMOLOGOUS TO THE FEM-1 PROTEIN INVOLVED IN MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION AND GAMETE GENERATION CHARACTERIZED IN GONAD OF CULTURED P. VANNAMEI FROM MEXICO ...... 77 Pavel E. Galindo-Torres, Claudia Ventura-López, Raúl A. Llera-Herrera, and Ana M. Ibarra THE FEM-1 GENE AND ITS ANTISENSE TRANSCRIPT MAY HAVE A FUNCTION IN SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP, PENAEUS VANNAMEI ...... 77 Matthew J. Gentry, Danielle A. Kreeger, Kurt M. Cheng, and Matthew W. Gray NITROGEN BIOEXTRACTION BY JUVENILE ALEWIFE FLOATERS, UTTERBACKIANA IMPLICATA, DURING POND REARING IN THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN ...... 78 Sabrina Geraci-Yee, Jackie Collier, and Bassem Allam TAKING THE “X” OUT OF QPX (QUAHOG PARASITE UNKNOWN), A PARASITE OF THE NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM), MERCENARIA MERCENARIA ...... 78 Camino Gestal, Santiago Pascual, Angel Guerra, Graziano Fiorito, and Juan M. Vieites HANDBOOK OF PATHOGENS AND DISEASES IN CEPHALOPODS ...... 78 Camino Gestal, María Prado-Álvarez, Amalia Morales, Gabriel Cardenete, Pablo García-Fernández, Sonia Dios, and Inmaculada Varó OCTOPUS AQUACULTURE: SEARCHING FOR A SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTION DRIVEN BY NUTRIGENOMIC AND EPIGENETIC INTERACTION STUDIES ...... 79 Farhana Mohd Ghani and Subha Bhassu BULK SEGREGATION METHOD WITH TRANSCRIPTOMICS IS AN INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING TRUE SNP AND FUNCTIONAL GENES IN SPR WSSV-RESISTANT MADAGASCAR- .. MALAYSIA PENAEUS MONODON BREEDING LINE...... 79 9LFWRULD.*LEEV/DXUD(+HÀLQ-&KULVWRSKHU7D\ORU$GGLVRQ//DZUHQFHDQG6WHSKHQ$:DWWV EFFECTS OF FEED RATION ON GROWTH AND GONAD PRODUCTION IN SMALL SEA URCHINS, LYTECHINUSDO VARIEGATUS ...... NOT CITE 80 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 19

Jennifer Gius, Jason Morson, Daphne Munroe, and John Kraeuter SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROWTH RATES OF WILD EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTRERA VIRGINICA) FROM DELAWARE BAY, NEW JERSEY, USA ...... 80 Christopher J. Gobler, Michael H. Doall, Bradley J. Peterson, Darren DeSilva, and Christopher Wozny USING BIVALVES TO ENHANCE BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION, PROMOTE NITROGEN REMOVAL, AND IMPROVE WATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW NEW YORK ESTUARIES ...... 80 Alex Golding, Jeffry Alexander, Stephanie Alexander, Bob Carey, Shannon Hood, Alicia Klages, Julie Trommatter, Steven Weschler, and Stacey Willey ASSESSING SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA LARVAL SETTLEMENT WITHIN LARGE-SCALE SETTING TANKS ...... 81 Skyler S. Golt, Annaleise J. Conway, Carys L. Mitchelmore, and Thomas J. Miller INVESTIGATION OF OYSTER STRAIN EFFECT IN AQUACULTURE AT COMMERICAL SCALES ...... 81 Marta Gomez-Chiarri EASTERN OYSTER GENOME CONSORTIUM WORKSHOP ...... 82 Jeffrey Good, Michael Kendrick, and Peter Kingsley-Smith STATOLITH-BASED AGE ASSESSMENTS OF THE ATLANTIC BRIEF SQUID, LOLLIGUNCULA BREVIS, FROM THE CHARLESTON HARBOR ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA, USA ...... 82 J. Stephen Gosnell, Julie M. Rose, Suzanne Bricker, Mark Brush, Allison Colden, Lora Harris, Eric Karplus, Alix Laferriere, Nathaniel H. Merrill, Tammy Murphy, Joshua Reitsma, Johnny Shockley, Kurt Stephenson, Seth Theuerkauf, Dan Ward, and Robinson W. Fulweiler ADDING OYSTER-MEDIATED DENITRIFICATION ENHANCEMENT TO THE SUITE OF TOOLS USED TO ADDRESS EUTROPHICATION ...... 83 Allex Gourlay, Abigail K Scro, Whitney Jaillet Neil, Kathryn Markey Lundgren, and Roxanna Smolowitz THE DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA: THE USE OF A NOVEL TESTING METHOD FOR DETERMINING CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA DISEASE PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY ...... 83 Jennifer Granneman, Cameron Baxley, Michael Bollinger, Austin Heil, Matthew LaGanke, Erica Levine, Wayman Pearson, Elizabeth Pudlak, and Kelly Williams EVALUATION OF THE RECREATIONAL HARVEST OF BAY SCALLOPS (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS) IN STEINHATCHEE, FLORIDA, USA ...... 84 Jon Grant, Ramon Filgueira, Joao Ferreira, and Hart Koepke LARGE-SCALE PLANNING OF FISH AND SHELLFISH FARMING IN NOVA SCOTIA ...... 84 Jason Grear, Adam Pimenta, Harriet Booth, Dodi Borsay Horowitz, Wilson Mendoza, Matt Liebman, Janet Nye, Cecilia O’Leary, Steve Tettelbach, and Chris Gobler EFFECTS OF BRIEF COASTAL ACIDIFICATION EXPOSURE ON WILD AND TRANSLOCATED BIVALVE POPULATIONS ...... 85 Jacob M. Green and Jonathan B. Puritz UNLOCKING THE EXOME: EXPLORING DE NOVO ASSEMBLY OPTIONS FOR CAPTURE SEQUENCING ...... 85 7\OHU:*ULI¿Q%ULGJHW$+RORKDQ/LVD1LJURDQG-(YDQ:DUG A METHOD TO EXPERIMENTALLY PERTURB THE GUT MICROBIOME OF THE BLUE MUSSEL (MYTILUS EDULIS) WITH ANTIBIOTICS ...... 85 $QGUHZ:*ULI¿WK7&)UDQFLV3DQ-DVRQ:DQJ0HOLVVD'HODWRUUH1LQJ/LDQG'RQDO70DQDKDQ RESILIENCE TO FOOD DEPRIVATION: A CASE STUDY OF SEA URCHIN LARVAE ...... 86 Ximing Guo GENETICS AND BREEDING FOR SCALLOP AQUACULTURE ...... 86 Ximing Guo, Standish Allen, Jr., Dina Proestou, Bassem Allam, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, Matthew Hare, Ming Liu, Katie Lotterhos, Peter Kube, Louis Plough, Jonathan Puritz, Paul Rawson, Jessica Small, Robin Varney, Klara Verbyla, Gary Wikfors, and Ami Wilbur FROM SEQUENCE TO CONSEQUENCE: GENOMIC SELECTION TO EXPAND AND IMPROVE SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR THE EASTERN OYSTER ...... 87 DO NOT CITE 20 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Samuel J. Gurr, Shelly Trigg, Brent Vadopalas, Steven B. Roberts, and Hollie M. Putnam THRESHOLDS OF INTRAGNERATIONAL PCO2 CONDITIONING ON METABOLISM AND OXIDATIVE STATUS OF JUVENILE PACIFIC GEODUCK, PANOPEA GENEROSA ...... 87 Matthew P. Hare and Yuka Kutsumi A PRELIMINARY WHOLE-GENOME TEST FOR ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIATION IN AN ISOLATED LOW-SALINITY EASTERN OYSTER POPULATION ...... 88 Keegan Hart, Rebecca Stevick, Erin Roberts, Bahaa Noori, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri EFFECTS OF PHAEOBACTER INHIBENS S4 PROBIOTIC ON LARVAL OYSTER BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES ...... 88 Meghan Hartwick, Audrey Berenson, Cheryl A. Whistler, Elena N. Naumova, and Stephen H. Jones THE SEASONAL ECOLOGY OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN A NEW ENGLAND ESTUARY .... 89 Natsuki Hasegawa, Tomonori Azumaya, Tatsuya Unuma, Satoshi Watanabe, Toshie Matsumoto, Atsushi Ito, Hideki Yamazaki, and Yuki Hirano-Maeda VARIATION IN ENERGY ALLOCATION TO REPRODUCTION OF PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA *,*$6 INFERRED FROM CULTURE EXPERIMENTS AND DYNAMIC ENERGY BUDGET MODELS ...... 89 Vena Haynes, Kévin Tallec, Ika Paul-Pont, Philippe Soudant, and J. Evan Ward THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND LIGHT ON FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOGENSIS OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER(CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) ...... 90 Ziwen He, Shaohua Xu, Xiao Feng, Zixiao Guo, and Suhua Shi CONVERGENT ADAPTATION OF THE GENOMES OF WOODY PLANTS AT THE LAND- SEA INTERFACE ...... 90 Dennis Hedgecock and T.C. Francis Pan CHANGE IN THE GENETICS OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER POPULATION OF WILLAPA BAY, WASHINGTON, USA ...... 90 Kathleen M. Hemeon, Eric N. Powell, Roger L. Mann, Theresa Redmond, Sara Pace, and Chase Long OCEAN QUAHOGS: A GLIMPSE INTO THE POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE LONGEST-LIVED, NON-COLONIAL ANIMAL ON EARTH USING ONE OF THE LARGEST AGE DATASETS IN THE WORLD ...... 91 Sarah Hensey, Russell Grice, Matthew Parker, Julian Stewart and William C. Walton IMPROVING THE (OFF) BOTTOM LINE: ASSESSING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT CULTURE METHODS ON AN ALABAMA COMMERCIAL OYSTER FARM ...... 91 Ashley Henson GROWING OYSTER AQUACULTURE IN GEORGIA: REGULATORY AND POLICY UPDATE ...... 92 Jeff Hetrick CLAM GARDENING IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA, USA ...... 92 Gabrielle V. Hillyer, Bridie McGreavy, and Andrea Perry MAINE SHELLFISH LEARNING NETWORK ...... 92 Eileen E. Hofmann, Carolyn S. Friedman, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Melissa Neuman, James Moore, Ian Taniguchi, David Kushner, C. Melissa Miner, Kathleen Hemeon, Leanne Poussard, and Laura Solinger ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON WITHERING SYNDROME IN ABALONE: A MODELING STUDY ...... 93 Christopher M. Hollenbeck PROSPECTS FOR GENOMIC SELECTION IN BIVALVE AQUACULTURE ...... 93 Shannon M. Hood and Matthew Parker ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DESICCATION IN CONTROLLING BIOFOULING IN WATER COLUMN CULTURED OYSTERS, &5$662675($9,5*,1,&$ IN THREE CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCATIONS ...... 93 Masakazu Hori, Masami Hamaguchi, Marion Richard, Valerie Derolez, and Franck Lagarde POSITIVE EFFECTS OF SEAGRASS VEGETATION ON OYSTER GROWTH AND SURVIVAL THROUGH MITIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ...... 94 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 21

Katherine M. Hornick and Louis V. Plough USING AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL TO FORECAST THE GENETIC IMPACT OF HATCHERY- BASED OYSTER RESTORATION ...... 94 Bobbi Hudson, Ralph Elston, Joth Davis, Natalie Sahli, Katie Houle, and Andrew Suhrbier PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) LOSSES AND SEED LIMITATIONS ON THE U.S. WEST COAST ...... 94 John Icely, Sonia Cristina, Bruno Fragoso, Priscila Goela, Joao Gomes-Ferreira, Robert Gormally, Andre Lopes, Gerald Moore, and Fearghal O’Donncha INTEGRATION OF DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES FOR MANAGEMENT OF OFFSHORE BIVALVE AQUACULTURE AT SAGRES, PORTUGAL ...... 95 Robert E. Isdell, Donna M. Bilkovic, and Carlton Hershner LARGE PROJECTED POPULATION LOSS OF A SALT MARSH BIVALVE (GEUKENSIA DEMISSA) FROM SEA LEVEL RISE ...... 95 Paul R. Jivoff, Samuel B. Cosby, Naomi A. Jainarine, Casey C. Kaufmann, and Margaret E. Tomayko IMPACT OF HEATED EFFLUENT FROM THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION ON ADULT BLUE CRABS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, USA ...... 96 Alexcia Johnson, Shatema Small, Mohamed Eid, Edward J. Catapane, and Margaret A. Carroll G PROTEIN-COUPLED INWARDLY-RECTIFYING POTASSIUM CHANNEL (GIRK) AND CONTROL OF GILL LATERAL CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND CILIA RESPONSE OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA...... 96 Andy Kane, Melvin Myers, Robert Durborow, Kim Dunleavy, Rebecca Rash, and Ross Brooks THE TOUGH PEOPLE BEHIND THE TENDER CLAMS: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SUPPORT FOR CLAM MARICULTURISTS IN CEDAR KEY, FLORIDA, USA ...... 96 Richard C. Karney HATCHERIES DON’T HAVE TO BE COMPLICATED: KEEPING IT SIMPLE ...... 97 Richard C. Karney STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE BAY SCALLOP POPULATIONS ON MARTHA’S VINEYARD ...... 97 M. Lisa Kellogg, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, and Michael S. Owens MEASUREMENT OF BIOGEOCHEMCIAL FLUXES IN OYSTER REEF ENVIRONMENTS ...... 97 Michael R. Kendrick, Jeff F. Brunson, Amy Dukes, and Peter R. Kingsley-Smith SHIFTING PHENOLOGY OF COMMERCIAL WHITE SHRIMP LANDINGS IN SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A.: THE ROLES OF SHRIMP MIGRATION AND CLIMATE ...... 98 Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Gary W. Sundin, Graham A. Wagner, and Ronald B. Dyar USING STATEWIDE DEMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENTS OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, TO INFORM RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT EFFORTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA, USA ...... 98 Steve Kirk, Melissa Sanderson, Scott Soares, Chris Schillaci, Sean McNally, and Chris Sherman THE MASSACHUSETTS SHELLFISH INITIATIVE: THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC STATE-WIDE SHELLFISH MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 99 C. John Klein III and Dorothy Lenard REPURPOSING OF BRIDGE MATERIALS FOR OYSTER REEF CREATION ...... 99 Christine Knauss and Katie McFarland PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTIC INGESTION BY OYSTER LARVAE (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) ...... 99 Rona Kobell, Tim Wheeler, and Louise Schiavone AQUACULTURE AND THE PRESS: A NEW WAY FORWARD ...... 100 John N. Kraeuter NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM) HATCHERY DEVELOPMENT: IN THE BEGINNING ...... 100 Danielle A. Kreeger, Kurt M. Cheng, Joshua A. Moody, and Matthew J. Gentry NITROGEN FILTRATION BY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER BIVALVES: IMPORTANCE OF SESTON COMPOSITION ...... 101 DO NOT CITE 22 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Jerome La Peyre, Sandra Casas, William Walton, Danielle Aguilar, Scott Rikard, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Terry Palmer, Natasha Breaux, Megan La Peyre, and Morgan Kelly SALINITY TOLERANCE OF EASTERN OYSTERS FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO ...... 101 Micheline S. Labrie, David R. Schlezinger, Miles A. Sundermeyer, and Brian L. Howes EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR OYSTER MEDIATED NITROGEN REDUCTION IN A COASTAL SALT POND: YEAR THREE FINDINGS ...... 102 Robert M. Lane, David C. Love, Lillian Kuehl, Kate Clancy, Benjamin J.K. Davis, Jillian P. Fry, Jamie Harding, and Bobbi Hudson PERFORMANCE OF SUPPLY CHAINS FOR UNITED STATES FARMED OYSTERS ...... 102 Romain Lavaud, Jean-Bruno Nadalini, Ramón Filgueira, Jose Babarro, Luc Comeau, and Réjean Tremblay MODELLING HARMFULL ALGAE BLOOM IMPACTS ON BIVALVE BIOENERGETICS AND PRODUCTIVITY ...... 103 Jay Lazar, Ron Vogel, David G. Bruce, and Andrew McGowan EXAMINING MODIS TSM TO EVALUATE CHANGES IN CHESAPEAKE BAY WATER CLARITY ...... 103 Ma. Junemie Hazel L. Lebata-Ramos, Cleresa S. Dionela, Schedar Rose M. Novilla, Rema C. Sibonga, Ellen Flor D. Solis, and Jonas P. Mediavilla WILD VS. HATCHERY-REARED SPATS OF OYSTER CRASSOSTREA IREDALEI: A COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND SURVIVAL IN GROW-OUT CULTURE ...... 104 Elena Legrand, Tsvetan Bachvaroff, Tracey B. Schock, and J. Sook Chung TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE GENES INVOLVED IN ECDYSTEROIDOGENESIS AND CHOLESTEROL UPTAKE IN THE Y-ORGAN OF THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ...... 104 Dong Liang, Thomas J. Miller, Geneviève M. Nesslage, and Michael J. Wilberg RANKING ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS ON CHESAPEAKE BAY BLUE CRABS (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) USING EMPIRICAL GAUSSIAN GRAPHICAL MODELS ...... 105 Romuald N. Lipcius CAUSE OF COLLAPSE AND PROGNOSIS FOR AN ICONIC OYSTER FISHERY IN APALACHICOLA BAY, FLORIDA ...... 105 Romuald N. Lipcius RECOVERY OF THE BLUE CRAB POPULATION AND FISHERY IN CHESAPEAKE BAY: MANAGEMENT SUCCESS, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, OR DERELICT TRAP REMOVAL? ...... 105 Romuald N. Lipcius, Russell P. Burke, John M. Hoenig, and David M. Schulte PRINCIPLES FOR RESTORATION REEF MONITORING: ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF HABITA T- SPECIFIC ABUNDANCE AND DENSITY...... 106 Ming Liu, Ximing Guo, Huiping Yang, Ami Wilbur, Robbin Varney, Sandra Casas-Liste, and Jerome La Peyre WHOLE-GENOME RESEQUENCING REVEALS GENETIC VARIATIONS AND SELECTION SIGNATURES IN EASTERN OYSTER POPULATIONS FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST AND GULF OF MEXICO ...... 106 Jessie Todd Long, Jeffrey Cornwell, Kennedy Paynter, and Donald Webster EVALUATING SUBSTRATE REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES FOR BOTTOM CULTURE OF THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA ...... 107 Katherine S. Longmire, Rochelle D. Seitz, and Michael S. Seebo INTERACTING ACIDIFICATION AND SALINITY EFFECTS ON JUVENILE CRAB ARMOR AND CLAW STRENGTH ...... 107 Katie E. Lotterhos, Alan Downey-Wall, Louise P. Cameron, Brett Ford, Elise Begin, Yaamini R. Venkataraman, Steven B. Roberts, and Justin Ries OCEAN ACIDIFICATION INDUCES SUBTLE SHIFTS IN GENE EXPRESSION AND DNA METHYLATION IN THE TISSUE OF CALCIFICATION...... 107 Cameron A. Luck, Jordan S. Byrum, and Jason W. Peters SHELLFISH REHABILITATION EFFORTS IN NORTH CAROLINA: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE ... 108 Roger Mann MANAGING FISHERIES IN THE MID-ATLANTIC IN THE COMING DECADES – REFLECTIONS ON A DOPERIOD AS A FISHERIES MANAGEMENTNOT COUNCIL MEMBER ...... CITE 108 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 23

Roger Mann, Melissa Southworth, and Rowan Lockwood OYSTER REEF ACCRETION RATES ESTIMATED FROM FOSSIL SHELL COLLECTIONS ...... 108 Althea N. Marks and Danielle Zacherl IN SITU FILTRATION RATES OF OLYMPIA OYSTER, 2675($/85,'$ HABITAT AND JAPANESE OYSTER, &5$662675($*,*$6 AQUACULTURE ...... 108 Alexandria R. Marquardt, Sara K. Park, Noel M. Clark, and Benjamin I. Ruttenberg PISMO CLAMS IN CALIFORNIA: GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF AN ICONIC SPECIES ...... 109 Alicia Marston INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING (EXPORT) OF LIVE MOLLUSCS AND CRUSTACEANS...... 109 Lucas Marxen, Peter Rowe, David Bushek, Ryan Carnegie, William C. Walton, Lisa Calvo, Karen Hudson, Bob Rheault, Jerome La Peyre, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Leslie Sturmer, and Lori Gustafson ATLANTIC AND GULF SHELLFISH SEED BIOSECURITY COLLABORATIVE: SHELLFISH DISEASE HEALTH DATABASE ...... 110 Joseph L. Matt, Jessica Moss Small, Peter D. Kube, and Standish K. Allen, Jr. EVALUATING THE GENETIC BASIS OF “TRIPLOID MORTALITY” IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY BY TESTING FAMILIES OF TRIPLOID CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 110 Gretchen J. McCarthy, Nicholas E. Ray, and Robinson W. Fulweiler OYSTERS, NUTRIENT REGENERATION, AND ALTERNATIVE PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STATES ...... 110 Alexandra J. McCarty, Standish K. Allen, and Louis Plough ACUTE LOW SALINITY TOLERANCE IN THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA): PHYSIOLOGY, HERITABILITY, AND UNDERLYING GENOMIC REGIONS ...... 111 Ryan C. McDonald, Ben Decree, T.R. Bachvaroff, and J. Sook Chung THE BLUE CRAB GENOME WEBSITE ...... 111 Emily McGurk, David Bushek, Daphne Munroe, Eleanor Bochenek, Sarah Borsetti, David B. Rudders, and Sally Roman SEA SCALLOP NEMATODE TRANSMISSION, TEMPORAL VARIATION, AND THERMAL TOLERANCE ...... 112 0&RQRU0F0DQXV'DOH)/HDYLWW0DWW*ULI¿Q'HQQLV(UNDQ$QQD-0DOHN0HUFHUDQG7KRPDV+HLPDQQ ESTIMATING CATCH EFFICIENCIES FOR THE NORTHERN QUAHOG (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA) POPULATION OF NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE ISLAND, USA ...... 112 Donald W. Meritt EVOLUTION OF OYSTER HATCHERIES FOR LARGE-SCALE RESTORATION AND COMMERCIAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA ...... 113 Adriane K. Michaelis, William C. Walton, Donald W. Webster, and L. Jen Shaffer SHELLFISH FARMING AND CULTURAL SERVICES: THE OTHER ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ...... 113 Jacqueline Mitchell, Devon Nunez, and Andrew Rhyne OPTIMIZING NITROGEN IN MICROALGAE MEDIA FOR USE AS LIVE FEEDS ...... 113 Kayla M. Mladinich, Bridget A. Holohan, Sandra E. Shumway, and J. Evan Ward SELECTIVE INGESTION AND EGESTION OF MICROFIBERS IN THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS, AND EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 114 Nicolas Moity, Byron Delgado, and Pelayo Salinas-de-Leon DISTRIBUTION AND TEN-YEAR TEMPORAL CHANGE OF MANGROVES IN THE GALAPAGOS ..... 114 Joshua A. Moody, Danielle A. Kreeger, Irina Beal, and Sarah. A. Bouboulis A SCIENCE-BASED MODEL TO ESTIMATE WATER QUALITY BENEFITS OF SHELLFISH BEDS TO INFORM RESTORATION PRIORITIZATION AND PROJECT DESIGN ...... 114 Megan Moran and Daniel Rittschof EXAMINING THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF GENETICS ON MIGRATION AND HABITAT PREFERENCE IN CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ...... 115 Dana L. Morse, Damian C. Brady, Struan Coleman, and Hugh S. Cowperthwaite OPTIMIZING PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTS FOR SCALLOP AQUACULTURE ...... 115 DO NOT CITE 24 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Jason Morson, Eleanor Bochenek, Douglas Zemeckis, Jennifer Gius, Teresa Lin, Joseph O’Brien, and Jeffrey Silady CAN CUTTING BAR MODIFICATIONS REDUCE BYCATCH AND INCREASE CATCH EFFICIENCY IN THE ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP DREDGE FISHERY? ...... 116 Steve L. Morton, Jennifer Maucher-Fuquay, and Antonio Bravo USE OF CITIZEN SCIENTISTS TO MONITOR HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS, CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, AND ITS UTILZATION IN AQUACULTURE ...... 116 Daphne M. Munroe, Deborah R. Hart, Dale Haidvogel, Joseph Caracappa, John M. Klink, Eileen Hofmann, Burton V. Shank, and Eric N. Powell LARVAL SPILLOVER OF SEA SCALLOPS (PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS) FROM A ROTATIONAL CLOSED AREA IN THE MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT ...... 117 Rachel T. Noble, A. Denene Blackwood, Thomas A. Clerkin, and Brett A. Froelich IMPROVING QUANTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC FORMS OF VIBRIO SP. THROUGH MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS ...... 117 Spencer V. Nyholm THE HAWAIIAN BOBTAIL SQUID, EUPRYMNA SCOLOPES, AS A MODEL HOST FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF BENEFICIAL BACTERIA IN EGG DEFENSE AND DEVELOPMENT IN CEPHALOPODS ...... 118 Nuala A. O’Leary, Francoise Thibaud-Nissen, Terence D. Murphy, the Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Group, and Valerie Schneider THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION (NCBI) GENOME ANNOTATION RESOURCES FOR SHELLFISH SPECIES ...... 118 Matthew B. Ogburn, Rob Aguilar, Cynthia C. Gilmour, and Anson H. Hines CARAPACE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY REVEALS BLUE CRAB MIGRATIONS FROM NURSERY TO SPAWNING HABITATS...... 118 Sophie Omont, Nathalie Cottin, Carole Charbuillet, Daniel Froelich, and Emmanuel Naffrechoux RISK MANAGEMENT OF ADDITIVES TRANSFERRED FROM PLASTIC EQUIPMENT INTO FARMED OYSTERS ...... 119 Stephanie Otts and Zachary Klein NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITY OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE LEASING AND PERMITTING: UNDERSTANDING HOW THE PIECES FIT TOGETHER ...... 119 Sara M. Pace, Leanne M. Poussard, Eric N. Powell, Kathryn A. Ashton-Alcox, Kelsey M. Kuykendall, Laura K. Solinger, Kathleen M. Hemeon, and Thomas M. Soniat FIRST NATURAL FIELD STUDY OF OYSTER SHELL LOSS, A CASE STUDY FROM THE MISSISSIPPI SOUND ...... 119 Dianna K. Padilla, Flor Villanueva, Leonardo Campos, Lisa Milke, Shannon Meseck, Dylan Redman, Mark Dixon, and David Veilleux IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON BLUE MUSSEL GROWTH AND SHELLS ...... 120 T.C. Francis Pan and Dennis Hedgecock GENOTYPE-DEPENDENT MORTALITY AND GROWTH IN LARVAE OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER ...... 120 Matt Parker EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FINANCING SCENARIOS ON MARYLAND OYSTER FARM PROFITABILITY AND SUCCESS ...... 120 Matt Parker and Suzanne Bricker SUSTAINABLE OYSTER AQUACULTURE, WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT, AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUE POTENTIAL IN MARYLAND, CHESAPEAKE BAY ...... 121 Salina Parveen, John Jacobs, Gulnihal Ozbay, Lathadevi Chintapenta, Esam Almuhaideb, Joan Mereditth, Sylvia Ossai, Arquette Grant, Amanda Abbott, Paulinus Chigbu, Kathy Brohawn, and Gary Richards APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE METHODS FOR THE DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF PATHOGENIC VIBRIO SPP. IN MID-ATLANTIC SEAWATER AND OYSTERS ...... 121 Christopher M. Pearce SEA URCHIN HATCHERY TECHNOLOGY ...... 122 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 25

Christopher M. Pearce and Emily M. Warren EFFECT OF TRANSPORT METHOD ON SUBSEQUENT SURVIVORSHIP AND GONAD YIELD AND QUALITY IN THE RED SEA URCHIN (MESOCENTROTUS FRANCISCANUS) ...... 122 Carolina Peñaloza, Alejandro Gutierrez, Lel Eory, Alan Archibald, Tim Bean, and Ross Houston A CHROMOSOME-LEVEL REFERENCE GENOME ASSEMBLY FOR THE PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) ...... 122 M. Luz Pérez-Parallé `OMIC´ TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO AQUACULTURE ...... 123 Bradley J. Peterson, Alyson V. Lowell, Ryan B. Wallace, and Christopher J. Gobler SEAGRASS OASIS: OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND LOW PH SUBSIDIES ...... 123 Louis V. Plough, Ben Lee, Eric Schott, Andy Kough, Don C. Behringer, Jamie Bojko, Tsvetan Bachvaroff, and J. Sook Chung RANGE-WIDE POPULATION GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS .... 123 Elka T. Porter, Sara Blickenstaff, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, and Melanie Jackson EFFECT OF TIDAL RESUSPENSION WITH OYSTER BIODEPOSITS ON THE NUTRIENT AND OXYGEN DYNAMICS ...... 124 Leanne M. Poussard, Eric N. Powell, and Daniel R. Hennen ANALYSIS OF DREDGE EFFICIENCY FOR OCEAN QUAHOG AND SURFCLAM COMMERCIAL DREDGES...... 124 Emilien Pousse, Dylan H. Redman, George Sennefelder, Melissa Krisak, Yaqin Li, Mark S. Dixon, Matt Poach, David Veilleux, Lisa Milke, Gary H. Wikfors, Eileen Hofmann, John Klinck, Daphne Munroe, and Shannon Meseck COASTAL ACIDIFICATION EFFECT ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING SURVEY ...... 124 Emilien Pousse, Matthew E. Poach, Dylan H. Redman, George Sennefelder, David Veilleux, Melissa Krisak, Mark S. Dixon, Judy Y. Li, Daphne Munroe, Deborah Hart, Daniel Hennen, Gary H. Wikfors, and Shannon L. Meseck STUDYING COASTAL ACIDIFICATION EFFECT ON THE ATLANTIC SURFCLAM, SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA, THROUGH AN EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING SURVEY ...... 125 Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, and Leanne M. Poussard THE ‘MIRACLE’ OF DEPLETION: WHY THE OYSTER FISHERY IS NOT SELF-REGULATING ...... 125 Sarah L. Poynton ICHTHYOBODO SPP.: HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS AND PATHOGENESIS IN CEPHALOPODS AND TELEOSTS ...... 126 Maria Prado-Alvarez, Jeanette E.L. Carlsson, Asunción Cao, Sarah C. Culloty, Camino Gestal, Antonio Villalba, and Jens Carlsson IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS ASSOCIATED TO OSHV-1 RESISTANCE IN CRASSOSTREA GIGAS ...... 126 Maria Prado-Alvarez, Pablo García-Fernández, Ricardo Tur, Pedro Domingues, Sonia Dios, Inmaculada Varó, and Camino Gestal EFFECT OF AN ENRICHED DIET IN GLOBAL PERFORMANCE AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSE IN OCTOPUS VULGARIS ...... 127 Jonathan B. Puritz, Johanna A. Harvey, and Kathleen E. Lotterhos ASSESSING THE EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE OF EASTERN OYSTER LARVAE TO EXPOSURE TO COASTAL ACIDIFICATION AND SEWAGE EFFLUENT: A CASE STUDY ...... 127 Christopher Ramirez, Janette Quintuna, Edna Georges, Margaret A. Carroll, and Edward J. Catapane CARNOSINE REDUCES NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF MANGANESE ON AN OYSTER GILL CILIO- INHIBITORY DOPAMINE SYSTEM...... 128 Paul D. Rawson and Nishad Jayasundara INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN TOLERANCE TO ACUTE TEMPERATURE STRESS IN THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS: A TEACHING MODEL ...... 128 DO NOT CITE 26 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Nicholas E. Ray and Robinson W. Fulweiler SEDIMENT DENITRIFICATION IN OYSTER HABITATS AND THE FUTURE OF COASTAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL SUSTAINABILITY ...... 128 Kimberly S. Reece, Colleen A. Burge, Bryanda Wippel, Lionel Dégremont, Arun K. Dhar, Peter Kirkland, Alanna MacIntyre, Benjamin Morga, Victoria Agnew, Clara Robison, and Carolyn S. Friedman DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF VARIOUS STOCKS OF THREE OYSTER SPECIES TO EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGES BY FRENCH AND AUSTRALIAN OSTREID HERPESVIRUS 1 VARIANTS ...... 129 Mark Rice, Steve Pattison, Robert Summers, Rebekah Borgert, Kevin Kiefer, Chuck Engstrom, Rick Sheckells, and Matt Fleisher AUTOMATING OYSTER AQUACULTURE WITH THE SUN ...... 129 Gary P. Richards and Michael A. Watson BACTERIOPHAGE AND PREDATORY BACTERIA AS POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS AGAINST VIBRIO IN SHELLFISH ...... 130 Anthony E. Ricigliano, James C. Kuldell, and Maureen K. Krause CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IMMUNE-REGULATORY FUNCTION OF CSDE-1 IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA HEMOCYTES ...... 130 Kenneth L. Riley, Lisa C. Wickliffe, Jonathan Jossart, Rodney Guajardo, and James A. Morris, Jr. THE RISE OF SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PIONEERING AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT ...... 130 Gregg Rivara A NEW SHELLFISH HATCHERY TO INCREASE PRODUCTION FOR THE LONG ISLAND SHELLFISH RESTORATION PROJECT (LISRP) IN NEW YORK STATE ...... 131 Erin M. Roberts, Gary H. Wikfors, Dina A. Proestou, Kathryn Markey-Lundgren, Mary Sullivan, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri MECHANISMS OF EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, HEMOCYTE APOPTOSIS IN RESPONSE TO INFECTION WITH PERKINSUS MARINUS ...... 131 Fernando Rodriguez, Irina A. Yushenova, and Irina R. Arkhipova NON-CANONICAL EPIGENETIC SYSTEM OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN IN AQUATIC MICRO-INVERTEBRATES ...... 132 Sally A. Roman and David B. Rudders SELECTIVITY OF TWO COMMERCIAL DREDGES FISHED IN THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP FISHERY ...... 132 Ann J. Ropp, Jan McDowell, Kimberly Reece, and Richard Snyder CLAM CONNECTIVITY: USING MOLECULAR MARKERS TO ADDRESS WILD NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM), MERCENARIA MERCENARIA, POPULATION STRUCTURE ...... 132 Allison Rugila, Chris Gobler, Alyson Lowell, Bradley Peterson, and Robert Thacker LINKING LARVAL AND JUVENILE PERFORMANCE IN THE BIVALVE MERCENARIA MERCENARIA: WHEN DOES THE JUVENILE ENVIRONMENT MATTER? ...... 133 Vanvimon Saksmerprome, Sarocha Jitrakorn, Narong Arunrut, Wansika Kiatpathomchai, and Timothy W. Flegel SHRIMP ENDOGENOUS VIRAL ELEMENTS (EVE) OF INFECTIOUS HYPODERMAL AND HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS (IHHNV) AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SHRIMP DIAGNOSIS ...... 133 John Scarpa PUBLIC PRESENTATIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON AQUACULTURE OPINIONS ...... 133 John Scarpa and Joe Fox TEXAS OYSTER MARICULTURE MOVING FORWARD ...... 134 John Scarpa and Leslie Sturmer HATCHERIES DON’T HAVE TO BE COMPLICATED: DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW SPECIES ...... 134 5RFKHOOH6HLW]0HOLVVD.DUS0DU\)DEUL]LRDQG%UXFH3¿UUPDQQ ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF RESTORED OYSTER REEFS: ENHANCED MACROFAUNA DENSITIES AND FISH FORAGING ...... 134 Rochelle Seitz, Rom Lipcius, Gabrielle Saluta, Matt Kornis, Denise Breitburg, Tom Jordan, and Don Weller THRESHOLD EFFECTS OF SHORELINE ALTERATIONS FOR BLUE CRABS AND FORAGE FISH IN CHESAPEAKEDO BAY, USA ...... NOT CITE 135 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 27

Erin Shields, Lisa Kellogg, and Jennifer Dreyer EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF COMMERCIAL-SCALE FLOATING OYSTER AQUACULTURE ON A ZOSTERA MARINA (EELGRASS) BED IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA, USA ...... 135 Jenny P. Shinn and Daphne M. Munroe A FISH’S-EYE-VIEW: SHELLFISH FARMS AS MARINE HABITAT IN NEW JERSEY ...... 136 Amanda P. Small and Eric G. Johnson ASSESSING THE ROLE OF BLUE CRAB PREDATION IN DRIVING TOP-DOWN REGULATION OF A SALT MARSH TROPHIC CASCADE ...... 136 Jessica Moss Small, Peter Kube, and Standish K. Allen, Jr. APPLYING GENETIC GROUPS TO THE ANALYSIS OF TRAITS IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA IMPROVES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF INHERITANCE ...... 136 Juliette L. Smith, Ryan B. Carnegie, Kimberly S. Reece, Karen Hudson, Marta P. Sanderson, and Michelle Onofrio BREAKTHROUGH OF ALGAL TOXINS INTO SHELLFISH HATCHERIES - NEW LINES OF RESEARCH ARE NEEDED TO SUPPORT PRODUCTION ...... 137 R. Smolowitz, A. Gourlay, J. Reitsma, and D. Murphy AN UPDATE CONCERNING THE ONGOING RESEARCH AND OCCURRENCE OF NEOPLASIA AND QPX IN NORTHERN QUAHOGS (= HARD CLAMS) OF MASSACHUSETTS IN 2019 ...... 137 Laura Solinger, Eric Powell, Kathy Alcox, Tom Soniat, Kathleen Hemeon, Leanne Poussard, and Sara Pace USING SHELL SURFACE AREA TO INFORM SUSTAINABLE FISHING PRACTICES OF THE EASTERN OYSTER IN THE PRESENCE OF DISEASE ...... 137 Thomas M. Soniat, Eric N. Powell, Nathan Cooper, and Rishav Rajerdra APPLYING SHELL-BUDGET MODELING TO DECLINING OYSTER POPULATIONS OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO ...... 138 Tze Chiew Christie Soo and Subha Bhassu IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION INTO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE GUT METAGENOME AND HOST RESPONSE TO VPAHPND IN MADAGASCAR–MALAYSIA CROSSBRED BLACK TIGER SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON, COHORT STOCKS ...... 138 Melissa Southworth, James Wesson, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, and Roger Mann ON THE CO-EXISTENCE OF SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION AND CAGE-BASED OYSTER AQUACULTURE IN VIRGINIA ...... 139 Laura H. Spencer, Katherine Silliman, and Steven B. Roberts INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE ON DNA METHYLATION AMONG OLYMPIA OYSTER POPULATIONS .. 139 Jason E. Spires, Stephanie R. Westby, Cecily N. Steppe, James Dumhart, and Sierra Hildebrandt HOW DOES YOUR OYSTER GLOW? DEVELOPING A NOVEL OYSTER MARKING TOOL AND RESULTS FROM A RELATED DIRECT SETTING EXPERIMENT ...... 140 Laura Steeves, Tore Strohmeier, Ramón Filgueira, and Øivind Stand INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIABILTY OF FEEDING RATES AND FEEDING-DIGESTIVE FEEDBACKS IN MYTILUS EDULIS ...... 140 Rebecca J. Stevick, Ashley P. Hamilton, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Anton F. Post, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY AND OYSTER-ASSOCIATED MICROBIAL DENITRIFICATION IN NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE ISLAND, USA ...... 141 Kevin D.E. Stokesbury and N. David Bethoney THE SCALLOP FISHERY AND THE DEVELOPING WINDFARM INDUSTRY ON THE NORTH EAST CONTINENTAL SHELF OF NORTH AMERICA ...... 141 Leslie N. Sturmer HATCHERIES DON’T HAVE TO BE COMPLICATED: THE CEDAR KEY SEED MODEL ...... 141 Leslie N. Sturmer, William Pine, and Peter Frederick RECOVERY AND RESILIENCE OF OYSTER REEFS IN THE BIG BEND REGION OF FLORIDA, USA ...... 142 Coleen C. Suckling THE IMPACTS OF MICROPLASTICS ON A LARGELY OVERLOOKED MARINE INVERTEBRATE— THE SEA URCHIN ...... 142 Coleen C. Suckling, Melody S. Clark, Lloyd S. Peck, and Andrew J. Davies A SLOWDO GROWING PERSPECTIVE ONNOT MULTI-GENERATIONAL RESPONSES CITE TO FUTURE CHANGE ... 142 28 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Coleen C. Suckling, Molly V. Czachur, Joel E. Ellis, and Andrew J. Davies SEA URCHIN SOMATIC AND GONADAL RESPONSES TO DIFFERING STOCKING DENSITIES AND SEAWATER FLOW RATES: A CASE STUDY FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...... 143 Kevin Sullivan, David Bushek, Lisa M. Calvo, Eleanor Bochenek, Brain Harman, and Barney Hollinger ECONOMICS OF SUBTIDAL OYSTER CULTURE IN DELAWARE BAY, USA ...... 143 Gary W. Sundin, Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, and Evan D. Cook UNOCCUPIED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV): A NEW TOOL TO IMPROVE RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT OF INTERTIDAL OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN SOUTH CAROLINA, USA .. 144 John Supan and Stephen Truesdale OBSERVATIONS ON THE USE OF A MCDONALD FISH HATCHING JAR FOR OYSTER SEED CULTURE AND IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE SILO DESIGN ...... 144 Jianwu Tang and Faming Wang GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND BLUE CARBON STOCKS IN COASTAL SALT MARSHES IN MASSACHUSETTS ...... 144 Kathy F.J. Tang, Melba G. Bondad-Reanaso, and J. Richard Arthur DEVELOPMENT OF A CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR SHRIMP ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE (AHPND) ...... 145 Mitchell Tarnowski and Robert Bussell RESPONSE OF NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM) (MERCENARIA MERCENARIA) POPULATIONS TO THE BANNING OF MECHANICAL HARVESTING IN THE MARYLAND COASTAL BAYS ...... 145 Stephen T. Tettelbach, Scott W.T. Hughes, Bradley J. Peterson, and Christopher F. Smith BAY SCALLOP RESTORATION IN NEW YORK: THE LOOMING SPECTER OF CLIMATE CHANGE ... 146 Seth J. Theuerkauf, David B. Eggleston, and Brandon J. Puckett OYSTER METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS ...... 146 Seth J. Theuerkauf, James A. Morris Jr., Tiffany J. Waters, Lisa C. Wickliffe, Heidi K. Alleway, and Robert C. Jones A GLOBAL SPATIAL ANALYSIS REVEALS WHERE MARINE AQUACULTURE CAN BENEFIT NATURE AND PEOPLE ...... 146 Seth J. Theuerkauf, Steven Victor, Tiffany Waters, Michael Aulerio, Javier Cuetos-Bueno, and Robert C. Jones PALAUAN AQUACULTURE: SPATIAL ANALYSIS INFORMS SITING, DEVELOPMENT, AND MANAGEMENT IN A SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATE ...... 147 Christine M. Thompson and Dale Parsons OPTIMIZING REMOTE SETTING ON DIFFERENT CULTCH TYPES FOR SMALL-SCALE OYSTER RESTORATION IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY...... 147 Kimberly Thompson COLLABORATIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF US MARINE AQUACULTURE...... 147 T. Thuraisamy and M.G. Castillo SEQUENCE CHARACTERIZATION AND TISSUE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THIOESTER- CONTAINING PROTEINS (TEP) AND COMPLEMENT MOLECULES IN THE SQUID, EUPRYMNA SCOLOPES: A MOLLUSCAN MODEL ...... 148 Catherine Tobin and Juanita Urban Rich PRESENCE OF MICROFIBERS IN ADULT OYSTERS AND WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED IN BOSTON HARBOR AND COASTAL MASSACHUSETTS ...... 148 Michelle C. Tomlinson, Jennifer L. Wolny, Richard P. Stumpf, Kimberly S. Reece, Todd A. Egerton, and Andrew Meredith TOWARDS THE SURVEILLANCE OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING, ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND CITIZEN MONITORING EFFORTS ...... 149 Allison M. Tracy, Keira Heggie, and Matthew Ogburn OYSTER HABITAT ON DIFFERENT REEF TYPES IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARYLAND, USA .... 149 Caroline Troy, Victoria Agboola, Thomas Ihde, Richard Lacouture, and Amber DeMarr SETTINGDO OYSTER LARVAE ON EXISTINGNOT RIPRAP IN ST. LEONARD CREEK,CITE MARYLAND ...... 150 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 29

Troy D. Tuckey, Jillian Swinford, Mary C. Fabrizio, Hamish J. Small, and Jeffrey D. Shields PENAIED SHRIMP IN CHESAPEAKE BAY: POPULATION GROWTH AND BLACK GILL DISEASE SYNDROME ...... 150 Rebecca Turner-Smith, Darian Kelley, Caroline Turner, Dylan Orlando, Edward Smith, and Richard Snyder BAY SCALLOP, ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS, CULTURE IN WACHAPREAGUE, VIRGINIA, USA ...... 150 Annalee Tweitmann, Peter Frederick, and William E. Pine III MECHANISMS GOVERNING INTERTIDAL AND SUBTIDAL OYSTER REEF FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE IN THE BIG BEND REGION OF FLORIDA, USA: INTERACTIONS OF SALINITY, IMMERSION TIME, AND PREDATION ...... 151 Stephanie Schollaert Uz, John McKay, Shannon McDonnell, and Neil Blough USING SATELLITES TO AID CHESAPEAKE BAY RESOURCE MANAGERS IN THE DETECTION OF POOR WATER QUALITY ...... 151 Jonathan van Senten and Carole R. Engle THE EFFECTS OF PERMITTING DELAYS ON RETURN ON INVESTMENT FOR PACIFIC COAST SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE ...... 151 Jonathan van Senten, Carole R. Engle, Matthew Parker, and Donald Webster THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE IN MARYLAND, USA ...... 152 Robin L. Varney and Ami E. Wilbur PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF THREE OYSTER PARASITES (PERKINSUS MARINUS, HAPLOSPORIDIUM NELSONI AND BONAMIA SP.) IN WILD AND CULTURED OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) ON AN OYSTER FARM IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA, USA ... 152 Adrián E. Velázquez-Lizárraga, José Luis Juárez-Morales, Ilie S. Racotta, Humberto Villarreal-Colmenares, Oswaldo Valdes-Lopez, Antonio Luna-González, Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo, Norma Estrada, and Felipe Ascencio TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP RESPONSE TO ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE CAUSED BY VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ...... 152 Claudia Ventura-López, Gracia Gómez-Anduro, Fabiola G. Arcos, Raúl Llera-Herrera, Ilie S. Racotta, and Ana M. Ibarra CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION PATTERNS OF A NEW CHH GENE FROM THE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI ...... 153 Marcelo Victorio-De Los Santos, Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera, Avelar Ma de Jesús Durán, José Luis Sanchez-Salgado, Pereyra Ali, Edgar Zenteno, Norberto Vibanco-Pérez, and Sonia Soto-Rodriguez IDENTIFICATION OF RECEPTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR BINDING OF THE AMINO-SUGARS SPECIFIC LECTIN DOMAIN OF PIRABVP TOXIN OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS TO THE EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE OF THE SHRIMP HEPATOPANCREAS ...... 153 Nils Volkenborn, Ian P. Dwyer, Nathaniel Chester, Sam J. Gurr, Stephen J. Tomasetti, Stephen T. Tettelbach, and Christopher J. Gobler NON-INVASIVE HIGH-FREQUENCY SENSORS TO STUDY SHELLFISH ECOPHYSIOLOGY IN DYNAMIC COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS ...... 154 William C. Walton, Caitlin Robitaille, Sarah Spellman, Glen Chaplin, and Scott Rikard IT’S IN THE BAG: TESTS OF EFFECTS OF BAG TYPE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AQUACULTURED EASTERN OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 154 J. Evan Ward LOOKING DOWN THE BARREL OF AN ENDOSCOPE: INSIGHTS FROM THIRTY YEARS OF IN VIVO INVESTIGATIONS ON SUSPENSION-FEEDING MOLLUSCS ...... 154 -(YDQ:DUG9HQD+D\QHV.D\OD0ODGLQLFK7\OHU*ULI¿QDQG%ULGJHW$+RORKDQ INGESTION, BIOACCUMULATION, AND DEPURATION OF MICRO- AND NANOPLASTICS BY OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AND MUSSELS (MYTILUS EDULIS) ...... 155 Kelsey M. Ward, Christine Thompson, Elizabeth Pollock, and Sarah Gray IMPACTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION IN NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK ESTUARIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 155 DO NOT CITE 30 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Emily M. Warren, Mark Flaherty, Stephen F. Cross, and Christopher M. Pearce EFFECT OF DIET AND TEMPERATURE ON GONAD ENHANCEMENT AND WASTE DEPOSITION FOR THE RED SEA URCHIN (MESOCENTROTUS FRANCISCANUS) ...... 155 Donald W. Webster RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE, POLICY, AND POLITICS IN THE EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE ...... 156 Stephanie R. Westby LARGE-SCALE OYSTER RESTORATION IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA...... 156 Stephanie Westby, James Fitzsimons, Simon Branigan Robert D. Brumbaugh, Tein McDonald, Philine S.E. zu Ermgassen, Bryan M. DeAngelis, Laura Geselbracht, Chris L. Gillies, Boze Hancock, Andrew Jeffs, Ian McLeod, Bernadette Pogoda, Seth Theuerkauf, Marine Thomas NEW GLOBAL GUIDELINES FOR SHELLFISH REEF RESTORATION ...... 156 Cheryl A. Whistler, Jillian Means, Randi Foxall, Meghan Hartwick, and Stephen Jones PHAGE-HOST INTERACTIONS SHAPED THE NATIVE ST36 POPULATION SUCCESSION IN THE PACIFIC AND MULTIPLE INVASIONS INTO THE NORTH ATLANTIC ...... 157 Michael Whiteside, Sam Ratcliff, Patricia Woodruff, Nicole Deck, Zhenwei Wang, Dan Zeng, Daphne Munroe, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, David Bushek, Michael De Luca, and Ximing Guo DEVELOPING SUPERIOR OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) FOR HIGH SALINITY ENVIRONMENTS IN COASTAL BAYS OF NEW JERSEY ...... 157 Brittany M. Wolfe and Ami E. Wilbur EVALUATION OF TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF CHROMOSOMAL LOSS IN FAMILIES OF TETRAPLOID OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 158 Jianhai Xiang CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRUSTACEAN HYPERGLYCEMIC HORMONE (CHH) GENES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS IN THE PROCESSES OF MOLTING AND MALE SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION IN LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI...... 158 Qinggang Xue TWO HOST DEFENSE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN FAMILIES REFLECTING CHALLENGES TO FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS RESEARCH IN MOLLUSCS ...... 158 Irina Yushenova, Samuel Maffa, Fernando Rodriguez, Bria Metzger, and Irina Arkhipova REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE RELATED GENES AND TRANSITION METAL STRESS RESPONSE ...... 159 Chester Zarnoch, Kate Mulvaney, Suzanne Ayvazian, Monica Palta, Sean McNally, Julie Reichert-Nguyen, Arron Jones, Margaret Pilaro, Gretchen McCarthy, Chip Terry, and Robinson W. Fulweiler BEYOND BIOEXTRACTION: THE ROLE OF OYSTER-MEDIATED DENITRIFICATION IN NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ...... 159 Max D. Zavell and Coleen Suckling THE EFFECT OF DIFFERING FOOD TREATMENTS ON THE ENERGY BUDGET OF THE SEA URCHIN, ARBACIA PUNCTULATA ...... 160 Mingli Zhao, Donald Behringer, Jamie Bojko, Andrew S. Kough, Louis Plough, and Eric J. Schott PREVALENCE OF THE PATHOGENIC VIRUS CALLINECTES SAPIDUS REOVIRUS 1 (CSRV1) ACROSS THE TRANS-HEMISPHERIC HOST DISTRIBUTION ...... 160 Aleksey V. Zimin GENOME SEQUENCING AND ASSEMBLY STRATEGIES FOR NON-MODEL MARINE ORGANISMS ... 160 Sarah R. Zuidema, Michael R. Kendrick, Isaure de Buron, Robert D. Podolsky, and Peter R. Kingsley-Smith A MULTI-PARASITE APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING BLACK GILL IN WHITE SHRIMP (PENAEUS SETIFERUS) ...... 161 Alexander Zygmunt, Kyle Cassidy, and Kevin Stokesbury AMERICAN LOBSTER (HOMARUS AMERICANUS) AND JONAH CRAB (CANCER BOREALIS) RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND SIZE STRUCTURE IN THE VINEYARD WIND LEASE AREA ...... 161 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 31

POSTER PRESENTATIONS Ali A. Albadran and Masami Fujiwara DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES OF THE WHITE SHRIMP, LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF PHENYLPYRAZOLE FIPRONIL ...... 161 Ali A. Albadran and Masami Fujiwara EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES, FIPRONIL, AND IMIDACLOPRID ON THE GROWTH, SURVIVAL, AND BEHAVIOR OF BROWN SHRIMP, FARFANTEPENAEUS AZTECUS ...... 162 Bassem Allam, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Sarah Farhat, Arnaud Tanguy, Kimberly Reece, Huiping Yang, Gregg Rivara, Joshua Reitsma Antoinette Clemetson, and Ximing Guo EAST COAST NORTHERN QUAHOG (= HARD CLAM) SELECTIVE BREEDING COLLABORATIVE .... 162 Steven Allen THE BOWDOIN COLLEGE SCHILLER COASTAL STUDIES CENTER...... 163 Angélica Alvarez-Lee, Sergio F. Martínez-Díaz, Jesus Neftalí Gutiérrez-Rivera, and Humberto Lanz-Mendoza INDUCTION OF INNATE IMMUNE MEMORY IN WHITELEG SHRIMP, PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI, EMBRYOS ...... 163 Chinnaiah Amutha and Dharshana Dinesh ASSESSMENT OF THE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND BIO-TRANSFORMATION ENZYMATIC EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE ON THE PACIFIC WHITELEG SHRIMP, PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI ...... 163 Bjørn Aspøy, David de Leeuw, Vorian J. Maryssael, and Alise Aspøy AQUACULTURE FOR A SUSTAINABLE FISHERY OF MUSSELS ...... 164 -XOLD*%DHU7\OHU:*ULI¿QDQG-(YDQ:DUG A COMPARISON OF THE FECAL AND GUT MICROBIOMES OF THE BLUE MUSSEL (MYTILUS EDULIS) ...... 164 Patrick Baker and Colin Frank SCAPHOPOD COMMUNITIES OF CAPE CANAVERAL, FLORIDA, USA ...... 164 Weidong Bao and Acacia Alcivar-Warren REVISITING THE REPETITIVE SEQUENCE COMPOSITION IN TWO ASSEMBLIES OF PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS ...... 165 João Barbossa, Guilherme Jeremias, Joana L. Pereira, and Jana Asselman THE INCORPORATION OF EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT: APPROACHES FOR NON-MODEL SPECIES ...... 165 Kameca Baxter, Tia Foster, Krystle Ernest, Edward J. Catapane, and Margaret A. Carroll EFFECTS OF MANGANESE ON CILIO-INHIBITORY ACTIONS OF DOPAMINE D2 AGONISTS ON GILL LATERAL CELLS OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 165 Brian F. Beal, Dianne Tilton, Jeff Robinson, Kyle Peppermen, Robert J. Holmberg, and Sara Randall THE EASTERNMOST MARINE SCIENCE FIELD STATION IN THE U.S.: A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE AT MACHIAS AND THE DOWNEAST INSTITUTE ...... 166 Irina Beal, Joshua Moody, Danielle Kreeger, and Sarah Bouboulis WATER QUALITY BENEFITS OF A SHELLFISH-BASED LIVING SHORELINE ALONG THE MISPILLION RIVER, DELAWARE ...... 166 Thomas H. Bliss, John Pelli, Robert Hein, and Justin P. Manley GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HATCHERY PRODUCED EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) TRIPLOID AND DIPLOID SPAT IN FLOATING CAGES IN COATAL GEORGIA ...... 167 Abigail B. Bockus, Stephanie K. Archer, and Craig R. McClain LOUISIANA UNIVERSITIES MARINE CONSORTIUM: THE HEART OF LOUISIANA MARINE SCIENCE ...... 167 S. Borsetti, P. Hollyman, and D. Munroe AGE AND GROWTH ESTIMATION OF WAVED WHELK, BUCCINUM UNDATUM, IN THE U.S. MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT ...... 167 DO NOT CITE 32 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Tenise Bowman, Rosanne Wallach, Margaret A. Carroll, and Edward J. Catapane CARNOSINE REDUCES THE TOXIC EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL ...... 168 Christopher Brianik, Justin Bopp, Camilla Piechocki, Robert Cerrato, and Bassem Allam INSUFFERABLE BOOKWORMS AND THEIR CRABBY VICTIMS: QUANTIFYING THE RESPIRATION INHIBTIION BY FLATWORMS ON HORSESHOE CRAB GILLS ...... 168 Lilibeth A. Bucol, Edwin F. Romano, Sherlyn M. Cabcaban, Lyca Mae D. Siplon, Gianni Coleen Madrid, Abner A. Bucol, and Beth Polidoro MICROPLASTICS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS AND BIODIVERSITY FROM SELECTED COASTAL AREAS OF NEGROS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES, AS INDICATORS OF COASTAL POLLUTION ...... 169 David Burdick, Stephen Jones, Diane Foster, David Shay, Tom Gregory, Raymond Grizzle, Art Mathieson, Gregg Moore, Fred Short, Dante Torio, Larry Ward, and Winsor Watson JACKSON ESTUARINE LABORATORY: 50 YEARS OF DISCOVERY, EDUCATION, AND OUTREACH ...... 169 David Bushek, Sam Ratcliff, Michael DeLuca, and Eleanor Bochenek RUTGERS UNIVERSITY HASKIN SHELLFISH RESEARCH LABORATORIES ...... 169 Brendan P. Campbell, Shannon Hood, and Matthew W. Gray ROBUST AND INEXPENSIVE TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR MONITORING FLOW REGIME WITHIN SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE GEAR...... 170 David Cessna and Niels Lindquist NEW MATERIALS AND STRATEGIES FOR EFFICIENT LARGE-SCALE FREE-ON-BOTTOM OYSTER CULTURING ...... 170 Struan R. Coleman, Caitlin Cleaver, and Damian C. Brady EFFECTS OF STOCKING DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE ON SEA SCALLOP, PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS, GROWTH IN SUSPENDED CULTURE ...... 170 Jessica Coppersmith, Jacqueline Camm, Chris Schuttert, David Nelson, David Rowley, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION OF THE PROBIONT, 3+$(2%$&7(5,1+,%(16 AND THE BIVALVE PATHOGEN, 9,%5,2&25$//,,/<7,&86 DURING COMPETITION ...... 171 Nicholas Coxe, Sandra Casas, Kevin Johnson, William Walton, Danielle Aguilar, Scott Rikard, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Megan La Peyre, Morgan Kelly, and Jerome La Peyre HYPOXIA TOLERANCE OF EASTERN OYSTERS FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO, USA ...... 171 Lauren M. Czarnecki, John Heidelberg, and Jessica Dutton RESEARCH AND EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WRIGLEY MARINE SCIENCE CENTER ...... 172 Michael P. De Luca, Lisa Auermuller, and Thomas Grothues THE JACQUES COUSTEAU NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE: AN EXEMPLAR IN SCIENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT ...... 172 Lewis E. Deaton VENTILATION RATES IN FULGAR WHELKS ...... 172 Megan Dethier, Bernadette Holthuis, Colleen Burge, Carolyn Friedman, and Dianna Padilla FRIDAY HARBOR LABORATORIES: JEWEL OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ...... 173 Mauricio González Díaz, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck, Daphne Munroe, Eric Powell, and Andrew Scheld SURFCLAM GROWTH AND BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION: A MODELING STUDY...... 173 Sonia Dios, Elsa Silva, Maria Prado-Alvarez, Camino Gestal, and Jose M.F. Babarro IS THE “KEYSTONEIN” MOLECULE AFFECTED BY COASTAL ACIDIFICATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN MUSSEL? ...... 173 Matt Draluck and Mackenzie L. Zippay EFFECT OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE STRESSORS ON BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF THE BLUE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS ...... 174 Jennifer Dreyer, Lisa Kellogg, and Erin C. Shields THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL-SCALE FLOATING OYSTER AQUACULTURE ON BENTHIC MACROFAUNA COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AT A ZOSTERA MARINA (EELGRASS) BED IN CHESAPEAKEDO BAY, VIRGINIA, USANOT ...... CITE 174 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 33

Meggan Dwyer AQUACULTURE FACILITIES AND FIELD STATIONS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MAINE SYSTEM ...... 175 Mary Collier Eastburn, William C. Walton, and Jerome LaPeyre DECREASING MORTALITIES OF TRIPLOID EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN THE ESTUARIES OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO: FIELD EVALUATION IN COASTAL ALABAMA, USA ...... 175 Ava Ellett, John Jacobs, and Salina Parveen GROWTH RATES OF SEQUENCE TYPE (ST) 36 VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS STRAINS AT LOWER TEMPERATURES ...... 175 Roberto Arredondo Espinoza, Cristina Escobedo-Fregoso, Maria Teresa Sicard-Gonzales, Alberto Peña-Rodríguez, Steven Roberts, and Ana María Ibarra HEAT SHOCK STRESS RESPONSE GENES REGULATED BY METHYLATION IN THE PACIFIC OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS ...... 176 Samantha Estrada, Daphne M. Munroe, and Joseph Caracappa EFFECTS OF OYSTER AQUACULTURE AND TIDAL CONDITIONS ON THE MOVEMENT OF HORSESHOE CRABS, LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS ...... 176 Steve Evert and Christine Thompson STOCKTON UNIVERSITY MARINE FIELD STATION ...... 177 Songzhe Fu, Dawei Wei, Qian Yang, Guosi Xie, Jie Huang, Jie Feng, and Ying Liu HORIZONTAL PLASMID TRANSFER BETWEEN VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS PROVIDES A NOVEL MECHANISM FOR GENETIC EXCHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION MEDIATED BY THE INSERTION SEQUENCE ISVAL1 ...... 177 Hannah G. Hartung and Matthew P. Hare SURF CLAM HARVEST MANAGEMENT: HOW MANY SPECIES? HOW MANY MANAGEMENT UNITS? ...... 178 Ziwen He, Shaohua Xu, Xiao Feng, Zixiao Guo, and Suhua Shi CONVERGENT ADAPTATION OF THE GENOMES OF WOODY PLANTS AT THE LAND- SEA INTERFACE ...... 178 -5HDG+HQGRQ5-RH*ULI¿WWDQG/HLOD-+DPGDQ THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY: THE MISSISSIPPI MARINE LABORATORY ...... 178 Alexis Hollander and Roger Mann TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL GROWTH IN THE SURFCLAM, SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA...... 179 Thomas Ihde, Rebekah J. Borgert, and Richard Lacouture POTENTIAL VALUE ADDED FEEDBACK IN OYSTER CULTURE ...... 179 Phoebe E. Jekielek, Bo Hoppinn, and Silas Rogers MODELING AND MONITORING A SUSTAINABLE ISLAND STATION: INTEGRATING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH ...... 179 Phoebe E. Jekielek, Jessica Batchelder, Madison Maier, and Hallie Arno A PILOT STUDY EVALUATING GONAD RIPENING AND SPAWNING CYCLES IN FARMED SEA SCALLOPS (PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS): POTENTIAL GEAR EFFECTS AND COMPARISONS TO WILD POPULATIONS ...... 180 Alexcia Johnson, Shatema Small, Mohamed Eid, Edward J. Catapane, and Margaret A. Carroll G PROTEIN-COUPLED INWARDLY-RECTIFYING POTASSIUM CHANNEL (GIRK) AND CONTROL OF GILL LATERAL CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AND CILIA RESPONSE OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA...... 180 Michael R. Kendrick, Jeff F. Brunson, Kristin L. Hamilton, and Peter R. Kingsley-Smith SPAWNING HABITAT OF THE AMERICAN HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS) IN SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A...... 180 Thomas Kiffney, Damian Brady, Robert Cuddy, Chris Davis, and Anthony Hawkins SEA SCALLOP FEEDING RESPONSES TO CHLOROPHYLL AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATEDO MATTER ...... NOT CITE 181 34 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Scott Knoche, Ming Liu, Thomas Ihde, Chunlei Fan, and Amanda Knobloch THE PATUXENT ENVIRONMENTAL AND AQUATIC RESEARCH LABORATORY ...... 181 Zoe L. Koestel, Robert C. Backus, Kaoru Tsuruta, William G. Spollen, Sarah A. Johnson, Angela B. Javurek, Mark R. Ellersieck, Charles E. Wiedmeyer, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Jingchuan Xue, Nathan J. Bivens, Scott A. Givan, and Cheryl S. Rosenfeld BISPHENOL-A (BPA) IN THE SERUM OF PET DOGS FOLLOWING SHORT-TERM CONSUMPTION OF CANNED DOG FOOD – POTENTIAL ONE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO BPA ...... 182 Jeffrey R. Kraemer, Stephen J. Tomasetti, and Christopher J. Gobler DIEL FLUCTUATIONS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND PH DO NOT PROVIDE REFUGE FROM HYPOXIA AND ACIDIFICATION TO LARVAL BLUE CRABS, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS ...... 182 James C. Kuldell, Anthony E. Ricigliano, and Maureen K. Krause HEMOCYTE DEFENSIN RNA IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA BOUND BY TRANSLATIONAL REGULATOR CSDE-1 ...... 183 Emily Kunselman CHARACTERIZATION AND VARIATION OF THE OLYMPIA OYSTER (OSTREA LURIDA) GUT MICROBIOME ...... 183 Anton Kvit, Benjamin Davis, John Jacobs, John Bowers, and Frank C. Curriero EVALUATION OF IN-SITU PREDICTION MODELS OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA ...... 183 Tate Lasher and Katie Gibbs THE EFFECTS OF L-GLUTAMINE AND L-GLUTAMATE ON THE LATE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA URCHIN, LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS ...... 184 'DOH)/HDYLWW0DWWKHZ*ULI¿Q5REELH+XGVRQ-DFTXHOLQH0LWFKHOO5R[DQQD6PRORZLW]$OOH[*RXUOD\ Andrew Rhyne, Bradford Bourque, Joseph Szczebak, DaNelle Ellington, Koty Sharp, Alicia Schickle, and Timothy M. Scott ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY (RWU) CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 184 Heather M. Leslie DARLING MARINE CENTER: CONNECTING PEOPLE TO THE OCEAN THROUGH RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC SERVICE ...... 185 John Lewis, William C. Walton, Stephen A. Watts, and Jackie Wilson PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SEA URCHIN CULTURE AS A SECOND CROP FOR OYSTER FARMERS IN FLORIDA PANHANDLE ...... 185 Jessica Lindsay, Shannon Meseck, and Emilien Pousse THE EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON THE FEEDING PHYSIOLOGY OF SURFCLAMS, SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA ...... 185 Kathryn Longwill, Roger L. Thomas, Lance Butler, Danielle Kreeger, Kurt Cheng, and Angela Padeletti USING RESERVOIRS AS GROW OUT LOCATIONS FOR JUVENILE FRESHWATER MUSSELS ...... 186 Victoria Love, Allex Gourlay, Roxanna Smolowitz, Liese Siemann, and Louisa Garcia DEVELOPING A QPCR AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MEROCYSTIS KATHAE IN THE ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP, PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS ...... 186 Paul McDonald, Ximing Guo, and Samuel Ratcliff RELATIVE FITNESS OF WILD AND SELECTED EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS ...... 186 Margaret McGinty, James Uphoff, and Mitchell Tarnowski FOUL PLAY: LONG-TERM DATA TRENDS OF THE EPIBENTHIC COMMUNITY OF OYSTER BARS IN MARYLAND ...... 187 Madison McGough, Victoria L. Pruente, William C. Walton, and Jessica L. Jones EVALUATION OF RE-SUBMERSION TIME FOR VIBRIO SPP. TO RETURN TO AMBIENT LEVELS AFTER ROUTINE DESICCATION AT FOUR OYSTER FARMS IN ALABAMA AND FLORIDA, USA ..... 187 DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 35

Karl L. Menard, Kristin M. Aquilino, Joseph A. Newman, Samuel S. Briggs, and Albert Carranza AQUACULTURE FACILITIES AT THE UC DAVIS COASTAL AND MARINE SCIENCES INSTITUTE BODEGA MARINE LABORATORY ...... 187 Thomas J. Miller CHESAPEAKE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY: A HERITAGE OF SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION AT THE OLDEST STATE-SUPPORTED MARINE LABORATORY ON THE EAST COAST ...... 188 Brooke K. Morrell, Michael H. Doall, and Christopher J. Gobler ASSESSING OYSTER RESTORATION AS A REMEDIATION STRATEGY IN GEORGICA POND, SOUTHAMPTON, NEW YORK, USA ...... 188 Daphne M. Munroe, Eric N. Powell, Eileen Hofmann, John Klinck, and Andrew Scheld UNDERSTANDING ECONOMIC IMPACTS TO THE COMMERCIAL SURFCLAM FISHING INDUSTRY FROM OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ...... 188 Bahaa Noori, Erin Roberts, Dina Proestou, Kathryn Markey-Lundgren, Mary Sullivan, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri MEASURING THE APOPTOTIC RESPONSE TO PERKINSUS MARINUS IN THE EASTERN OYSTER USING FLOW CYTOMETRY AND TUNEL ASSAY ...... 189 Devon Nunez, Benjamin Pickard, Jacqueline Mitchell, and Andrew Rhyne REDUCING THE SCALE UP TIME FOR MICROALGAL STARTER CULTURES: A SMALL SCALE PHOTOBIOREACTOR STUDY ...... 189 Angela T. Padeletti, Danielle A. Kreeger, Kurt M. Cheng, Karen Young, Ellen Schultz, and Lance Butler INTRODUCING THE PUBLIC TO FRESHWATER MUSSELS THROUGH MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS ...... 190 Maria Prado-Alvarez, Sonia Dios, and Camino Gestal OSHV-1 SURVEY IN SEA WATER AND CRASSOSTREA GIGAS TISSUES IN TWO AREAS USING DIFFERENT CULTURING SYSTEMS ...... 190 Maria Prado-Alvarez, Pablo García-Fernández, Ricardo Tur, Pedro Domingues, and Camino Gestal EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PATHOGENS ON THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSE OF OCTOPUS VULGARIS ...... 190 Dina A. Proestou and Mary E. Sullivan INTERPRETING RESISTANCE PHENOTYPES USING GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS IN THE EASTERN OYSTER OVER THE TIME COURSE OF DERMO INFECTION ...... 191 Victoria L. Pruente, William C. Walton, and Jessica L. Jones RECOVERY OF ELEVATED VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AND VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS LEVELS IN FARMED OYSTERS FROM ALABAMA AND NORTH CAROLINA FOLLOWING ROUTINE HANDLING .. 191 Maya Purnell, Kojo Yeboah, Pakeeza Butt, and Ming Liu TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSES TO LOW SALINITY IN EASTERN OYSTER ADULTS AND LARVAE ..... 191 Brandon Quintana, Erin Winslow, Nathaniel Burola, and Hunter Lenihan EXPLORING THE MECHANISMS BEHIND DECLINING OSTREA LURIDA POPULATIONS AFTER THE THOMAS FIRE DEBRIS FLOW ...... 192 Christopher Ramirez, Janette Quintuna, Edna Georges, Margaret A. Carroll, and Edward J. Catapane CARNOSINE REDUCES NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF MANGANESE ON AN OYSTER GILL CILIO- INHIBITORY DOPAMINE SYSTEM...... 192 Theresa Redmond, Jessica Bergeron, Sally Roman, David Rudders, and Roger Mann MORPHOMETRIC CHANGE WITH GROWTH IN THE SEA SCALLOP, PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS ...... 193 Clara L. Robison, Juliette L. Smith, William M. Jones, Gail P. Scott, and Kimberly S. Reece BIOACCUMULATION AND DEPURATION OF THE HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM TOXIN GONIODOMIN A IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 193 Maria Rosa, J. Evan Ward, and Sandra E. Shumway EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF MICROALGAL METABOLITES ON PARTICLE TRANSPORT BY THE GILL OF SUSPENSION-FEEDING BIVALVE MOLLUSCS ...... 193 Beverly S. Rubin, Cheryl M. Schaeberle, and Ana M. Soto THE DOCASE FOR BISPHENOL (BPA) NOTAS AN OBESOGEN: CONTRIBUTORS TOCITE THE CONTROVERSY ... 194 36 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Vanvimon Saksmerprome, Sarocha Jitrakorn, Narong Arunrut, Wansika Kiatpathomchai, and Timothy W. Flegel SHRIMP ENDOGENOUS VIRAL ELEMENTS (EVE) OF INFECTIOUS HYPODERMAL AND HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS VIRUS (IHHNV) AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SHRIMP DIAGNOSIS .. 194 Margaret E. Schedl, Kathleen E. Lotterhos, Johanna A. Harvey, and Jonathan B. Puritz CASE-ING OUT THE TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF MULTILE COASTAL ANTHROPOGENIC STRESSORS ON EASTERN OYSTER LARVAE ...... 194 Forest R. Schenck, Kathryn Ford, Mark Rousseau, and Randall Hughes DEVELOPING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR THE COEXISTENCE OF OYSTER AQUACULTURE AND EELGRASS IN MASSACHUSETTS, USA ...... 195 Tom Schultz DUKE UNIVERSITY MARINE LAB ...... 195 Caroline Schwaner, Arnaud Tanguy, Isabelle Boutet, Sarah Farhat, Michelle Barbosa, Christopher Gobler, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, and Bassem Allam IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESILIENCE TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION IN THE EASTERN OYSTER ...... 195 Gail P. Scott, Clara Robison, William J. Reay, Mark J. Brush, and Kimberly S. Reece CORRELATIONS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND LATE SUMMER HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN THE LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY, USA ...... 196 Taylor M. Scutari, Chloe R. Hovhannissian, and Maureen K. Krause ROLE OF COLD SHOCK DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN E1 (CSDE-1) IN NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ...... 196 /DXULQGD/6HUD¿Q-RGL'HZ%D[WHU:DUG6ODFXP'DQLHOOH=DYHWD6DUD&ROHPDQDQG6WHSKDQLH:HVWE\ BENTHIC HABITAT ASSESSMENT FOR DETERMINING SUITABLILITY FOR OYSTER RESTORATION ...... 197 Suzanne Skelley and Shawn McLaughlin COOPERATIVE OXFORD LABORATORY—A BIRD’S EYE VIEW ...... 197 Natalie Simon, Savanna Barry, and Leslie Sturmer FOLLOWING THE BIG BEND SHELLFISH TRAIL IN FLORIDA, USA ...... 197 Laura Solinger, Carolyn Friedman, Eileen Hofmann, Eric Powell, John Klinck, Leanne Poussard, and Kathleen Hemeon DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERALIZED TRANSMISSION AND PROLIFERATION MODEL FOR WITHERING SYNDROME FOR SPECIES OF FARMED AND WILD ABALONE ...... 198 Tze Chiew Christie Soo and Subha Bhassu IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION INTO PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE GUT METAGENOME AND HOST RESPONSE TO VPAHPND IN MADAGASCAR–MALAYSIA CROSSBRED BLACK TIGER SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON, COHORT STOCKS ...... 198 Allison Surian, Allex Gourlay, and Roxanna Smolowitz INVESTIGATION OF THE OCCURRENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF BONAMIA EXITIOSA IN OSTREA EDULIS AND CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA POPULATIONS IN MASSACHUSSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND, USA ...... 199 Evelyn Takyi, Erin Roberts, Lauren Gregg, Amanda Chesler, Tom Hashman, Cem Giray, David Rowley, David Nelson, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri PROBIOTICS FOR EASTERN OYSTER HATCHERIES: COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS AND EFFECT ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ...... 199 Kathy Tang, Xuan Dong, Jipeng Song, Jiayuan Chen, Dexi Bi, Hailiang Wang, Wenchao Wang, Yanbei Ren, Chengcheng Guo, Xuepeng Wang, and Jie Huang CONJUGATIVE TRANSFER OF THE PVA1 PLASMID RESULTED IN THE FORMATION OF AHPND- CAUSING VIBRIO BACTERIA ...... 199 Michael K. Tanner, Nicolas Moity, Matthew T. Costa, Jose R. Marin Jarrin, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, and Pelayo Salinas-de-León ECOSYSTEMDO SERVICES OF THE MANGROVESNOT OF THE GALAPAGOS ...... CITE 200 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 37

Melati E. Tarrant, Amy Zyck, Maggie Schedl, and Jonathan Puritz UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE STRESSORS ON EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) LARVAE ...... 200 Charles Tilburg and Adeline Waters THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND SCHOOL OF MARINE PROGRAMS ARTHUR P. GIRARD MARINE SCIENCE CENTER ...... 200 Stephen J. Tomasetti, Stephen T. Tettelbach, Nils Volkenborn, and Christopher J. Gobler DETECTING CARDIAC ACTIVITY: INFRARED SENSORS AS SHELLFISH FITBITS ...... 201 Adrián E. Velázquez-Lizárraga, José Luis Juárez-Morales, Ilie S. Racotta, Humberto Villarreal-Colmenares, Oswaldo Valdes-Lopez, Antonio Luna-González, Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo, Norma Estrada, and Felipe Ascencio TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP RESPONSE TO ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC NECROSIS DISEASE CAUSED BY VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ...... 201 Claudia Ventura-López, Gracia Gómez-Anduro, Fabiola G. Arcos, Raúl Llera-Herrera, Ilie S. Racotta, and Ana M. Ibarra MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL CHH TYPE I GENE FROM THE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, /,723(1$(869$11$0(, WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION BETWEEN TISSUES AND THROUGHOUT THE MOULT CYCLE ...... 202 Marcelo Victorio-De Los Santos, Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera, Avelar Ma de Jesús Durán, José Luis Sanchez-Salgado, Pereyra Ali, Edgar Zenteno, Norberto Vibanco-Pérez, and Sonia Soto-Rodriguez IDENTIFICATION OF RECEPTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR BINDING OF THE AMINO-SUGARS SPECIFIC LECTIN DOMAIN OF PIRABVP TOXIN OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS TO THE EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE OF THE SHRIMP HEPATOPANCREAS ...... 202 Nils Volkenborn, Dianna Padilla, Stephen Abrams, Bassem Allam, Emmanuelle Pales-Espinosa, Robert M. Cerrato, Anne E. McElroy, Thomas Wilson, Matt Sclafani, R. Lawrence Swanson, and Janet Nye THE FLAX POND MARINE LABORATORY: RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND OUTREACH IN AN URBAN(IZING) SETTING ...... 203 Alex Walsh, Sandra Shumway, and Stephan Bullard NON-TOXIC PHOTOACTIVE RELEASE COATINGS FOR BIOFOULING CONTROL ...... 203 Rebecca Werner, Ai-Ning Loh, Melissa Lenentine, Ami Wilbur, Martin Posey, Darren Rumbold, Patricia Gorman, Barbara Welch, and Aswani K. Volety ASSESSMENT OF SURVIVAL AND CONDITION INDEX OF THE EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, AFTER EXPOSURE TO LOW SALINITIES ...... 204 James Westphalen, Allex Gourlay, Hum N. Bhandari, and Roxanna Smolowitz ANALYSIS OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS, VIBRIO VULNIFICUS, AND VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS COMMUMITIES IN DIFFERING METHODS OF OYSTER AQUACULTURE...... 204 Nia Whiteley, Coleen Suckling, Ben Ciotti, Luis Gimenez, Ian McCarthy, and Chris Hauton COMPENSATORY RESPONSES OF CRABS TO MULTIPLE-STRESSORS ...... 205 Michael Whiteside, George McGhee, and Ximing Guo THEORETICAL MORPHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE ‘CURL-BACK’ HINGE SHELL ABNORMALITY IN THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) ...... 205 Elizabeth K. Wright-Fairbanks, Grace K. Saba, Baoshan Chen, Wei-Jun Cai, and Travis N. Miles GLIDER-BASED OBSERVATIONS REVEAL SEASONAL PH AND ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE VARIABILITY IN COASTAL U.S. MID-ATLANTIC SHELLFISHERY MANAGEMENT ZONES ...... 205 Lan Xu, Kuan-Chieh Peng, Yonathan Zohar, and Ten-Tsao Wong DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES TO INDUCE REPRODUCTIVE STERILITY IN EASTERN OYSTERS WITHOUT CHROMOSOME SET MANIPULATION ...... 206 Heidi Yeh and David Bushek DISEASE IMPACT ON DENITRIFICATION POTENTIAL OF THE OYSTER MICROBIOME ...... 206 Jianbo Yuan, Xiaojun Zhang, Yi Gao, Chengzhang Liu, Fuhua Li, and Jianhai Xiang COMPARATIVE GENOMICS IN DECAPOD SHRIMPS: REPETITIVE ELEMENTS EXPANSION AND GENOMEDO EVOLUTION ...... NOT CITE 206 38 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Irina Yushenova, Samuel Maffa, Fernando Rodriguez, Bria Metzger, and Irina Arkhipova A NOVEL INTRIGUING MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF RESPONSE TO TRANSITION METALS IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS ...... 207 Dan Zeng and Ximing Guo TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF GROWTH REGULATION IN THE EASTERN OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) ...... 207 Brianna Zuber and Steve Cardimona MENDOCINO COLLEGE COASTAL FIELD STATION ...... 208 Amy Zyck, Allison Gallagher, Nina Padro, Rebecca Stevick, and Jonathan Puritz, INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF COASTAL STRESSORS ON THE CONNECTIVITY OF OYSTER POPULATIONS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY, USA ...... 208

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3+(127<3,& $1' 75$16&5,3720,& 5(63216( 2) ',9(56,),&$7,21 2) %,9$/9( $48$&8/785( ,1 )$50('$7/$17,&685)&/$06 SPISULA SOLIDISSI- 7+(1257+($677(67,1*6859,9$/$1'*52:7+ MA 725(3($7('+($7675(66$1'7+()($6,%,/ 2)%$<6&$//236 ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS ,11(: ,7< 2) 6(/(&7,9( %5((',1* )25 *5($7(5 +($7 -(56(< 72/(5$1&( 0LFKDHO3$FTXDIUHGGD11LFROH'HFN1 0LFKDHO:KLWHVLGH1 0LFKDHO3$FTXDIUHGGD ;LPLQJ*XRDQG'DSKQH0XQURH 'DSKQH0XQURH1/LVD05DJRQH&DOYR1'DYLG%XVKHN10L 5XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\'H- FKDHO'H/XFD2DQG;LPLQJ*XR1 partment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, 6959 Miller Avenue, 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ Port Norris NJ 08349 Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Miller Avenue, Port [email protected] Norris, NJ 08349 Bivalve aquaculture is an important and rapidly expanding sec- 2Rutgers University, New Jersey Aquaculture Innovation Cen- tor in global food production, yet climate change presents numer- ter, 3920 Bayshore Road, North Cape May, NJ 08204 ous challenges to its continued expansion. The Atlantic surfclam [email protected] (6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPD) is emerging as an attractive alternate species Bivalve aquaculture along the US Atlantic coast is dominated grown by aquaculturists across the northeastern USA. This species by eastern oysters (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) and northern quahogs (= is native, grows rapidly, and complements the region’s established hard clams) (0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD), with respective production farming framework; however, the surfclam is vulnerable to high values of 94 and 46 million dollars in 2015 (FAO, 2017). Sustain- temperature conditions, an issue that will be exacerbated by rising able development of aquaculture is threatened by diseases, weather ocean temperatures and one that will be problematic on shallow ÀXFWXDWLRQV XQSUHGLFWDEOH PRUWDOLW\ DQG OLPLWHG FURS GLYHUVLW\ coastal farms. This study evaluated the phenotypic and transcrip- The bay scallop ($UJRSHFWHQLUUDGLDQV) is a promising aquaculture tomic response of farmed surfclams to heat stress, and the ability for species for the high salinity (25-32) coastal waters of the Northeast. the heat-tolerant phenotype to be passed to subsequent generations. This native species exhibits fast growth, but experiences heavy Initial results showed that when juvenile surfclams were exposed to overwinter mortality. In 2019, we initiated a breeding program to prolonged lethal temperatures, the adult survivors withstood subse- produce faster growing scallops. The goal was to grow scallops to TXHQWKHDWVWUHVVIRUVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORQJHUWKDQQRQVHOHFWHG FRQWURO market size more quickly by genetic improvement in growth and individuals. Transcriptomic response of heat-selected and control early production. Selected F1 scallops were produced by spawning VXUIFODPVWRDKHDWVKRFN Û&IRUVL[KRXUV ZDVDOVRHYDOXDWHG the largest 20% of individuals collected from a wild Long Island The control or naïve surfclams had a more intense response to the Sound population. The growth and survival of these selected proge- heat shock, differentially expressing about 3x more genes, than the ny were compared to controls produced from randomly selected in- heat-selected clams that had survived a previous heat exposure. Ad- dividuals from the same population. Spawning occurred in March, GLWLRQDOO\HQKDQFHGKHDWWROHUDQFHZDVHYLGHQWLQ¿UVWJHQHUDWLRQ DQGMXYHQLOHVFDOORSVZHUHUHDUHGLQÀRZWKURXJKQXUVHU\FRQGL- progeny after selection. Notably, the growth of heat-selected proge- tions until July. Seed were deployed at three farms in Barnegat Bay, Q\ZDVQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWWKDQWKDWRIFRQWUROSURJHQ\7KLV New Jersey, USA using gear typical of local farms. In September, work suggests that genetic variation exists in heat tolerance, and sampling at the farms indicated that the selected progeny had high- selective breeding may be a viable strategy for enhancing summer er survival but slower growth than the control group. The slower survival of farmed surfclams. growth of the selected group resulted from its higher survival and consequently elevated stocking density. Scallops reached a harvestable size (45-54 mm) by early December. Selection will continue to determine if fast growth can be genetically improved to enable within-year harvest.

DO NOT CITE 40 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

&$1 3$&,),& 2<67(56 %( 86(' 72 0,7,*$7( ((/ viously observed in the environment, on white shrimp /LWRSHQDHXV *5$66:$67,1*',6($6(" VHWLIHUXV (initially averaging 0.80 ± 0.08 g/shrimp). Compared with 09LFWRULD$JQHZ 1&ROOHHQ$%XUJH10RUJDQ((LVHQORUG2 WKHFRQWUROVXUYLYRUVKLSRIVKULPSRYHUGD\VGHFOLQHGVLJQL¿- DQG&DURO\Q6)ULHGPDQ cantly at the higher concentration treatments. Growth was affected 1University of Maryland Baltimore County, Institute of Marine DWDOOFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDQGWKHSHUFHQWZHLJKWJDLQGHFUHDVHGVLJQL¿- and Environmental Technology, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD cantly. Inter-molt intervals were longer in all treatments. Changes 21202 in swimming and feeding behavior of shrimp were observed under 2Cornell University, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Bi- all treatments, and change in body color was observed at higher ology, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 concentration treatments. Lipid content in shrimp decreased sig- 3University of Washington, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sci- QL¿FDQWO\ZKLOHDVKFRQWHQWLQFUHDVHGZLWK¿SURQLOFRQFHQWUDWLRQ ences, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98105 Fipronil adversely affected white shrimp under the concentrations [email protected] REVHUYHGLQWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGPRQLWRULQJRI¿SURQLOXVHLVQHHG- 3DFL¿FR\VWHUV&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV, are an important economic ed in coastal areas. VSHFLHVLQWKH3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW2\VWHUIDUPVRIWHQFRRFFXUZLWK native eelgrass, =RVWHUDPDULQD, and due to concerns for eelgrass health are forced to relocate. Eelgrass have historically been dev- astated by /DE\ULQWKXOD]RVWHUDH(/]), a protist that causes eelgrass wasting disease (EWD) and is hypothesized to contribute to the ())(&76 2) ,16(&7,&,'(6 ),3521,/ $1' ,0,'$ FXUUHQWJOREDOGHFOLQHRIHHOJUDVVEHGV$V¿OWHUIHHGHUVR\VWHUV &/235,' 217+( *52:7+ 6859,9$/$1' %(+$9 are known to remove pathogens from the water and may be bene- ,252)%52:16+5,03FARFANTEPENAEUS AZTECUS ¿FLDOLQGHFUHDVLQJ(:'/DERUDWRU\DQG¿HOGH[SHULPHQWVZHUH $OL$$OEDGUDQ DQG0DVDPL)XMLZDUD conducted in the San Juan Islands, WA to determine if oysters can Texas A&M University, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries VXFFHVVIXOO\¿OWHU/] from the water to mitigate EWD, or if they Sciences, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843- act as vectors of this pathogen. Oysters and eelgrass were co-cul- 2258 tured in tanks and exposed to an infectious isolate of /] for seven [email protected] days. A total of seven treatments were run in triplicate at 11°C and Increased use of pesticide is causing detrimental effects on 18°C to determine if oysters act as sinks or vectors of this pathogen, non-target species worldwide. In this study, lethal and sub-lethal and how temperature affects this relationship. To investigate this in HIIHFWV RI ¿SURQLO DQG LPLGDFORSULG ZHUH H[DPLQHG RQ MXYHQLOH WKH¿HOGHLJKWFDJHVFRQWDLQLQJQDwYHHHOJUDVVSODQWVVXUURXQGHG brown shrimp ()DUIDQWHSHQDHXVD]WHFXV). The effects of six con- by bags of oysters or empty bags were deployed for four weeks FHQWUDWLRQVRI¿SURQLO DQGȝJ/ DQG around natural eelgrass beds with high EWD prevalence. ImageJ six concentrations of imidacloprid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 15.0, 34.5, 320.0 and qPCR analysis were used for both experiments to determine ȝJ/ ZHUHWHVWHGLQDODERUDWRU\)LYHGLIIHUHQWHQGSRLQWVJURZWK the prevalence and severity of EWD in the presence and absence moulting interval, survivorship, behavioral change, and body color of oysters. Results from these experiments will provide important FKDQJHZHUHHYDOXDWHG*URZWKRIVKULPSZDVUHGXFHGVLJQL¿FDQW- insight on the potential for synergism between oysters and eelgrass. O\XQGHUKLJKHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRIERWKLQVHFWLFLGHV8QGHU¿SURQLO exposure, shrimp in control showed the shortest inter-moult interval (7.57 ± 2.17 day) compared with other treatments; similarly, in the imidacloprid experiment, moulting increased from 8.43 ± 2.52 GD\LQFRQWUROWRGD\LQȝJ/WUHDWPHQW+LJKHUFRQ- '(9(/230(17$/ $1' %(+$9,25$/ &+$1*(6 2) FHQWUDWLRQVRI¿SURQLO DQGȝJ/ VKRZHGDVXUYLYDO 7+( :+,7( 6+5,03 LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, UN UDWHFRPSDUHGZLWKVXUYLYDOLQWKHFRQWURODQGȝJ/ '(57+((;32685(2)3+(1

7+( 0$1*529( *(120( $1' (3,*(120( 0$1 21( +($/7+ (3,*(120,&6 $1' 0,&52%,20(6 *529((1&2'( 352-(&7 ())2576 72 &216(59( )520 62,/ 72 3(23/( :25.6+23 5(&2*1,7,21 +($/7+< 0$1*529(6 $1' :(7/$1'6 (&26<6 72:,11(562)678'(1775$9(/$:$5'6$1'287 TEMS 67$1',1* 5(6($5&+(56 ,1 $48$&8/785( ± 21( 3HGUR $OFLYDU0DUFLOOR 0LULDP $OFLYDU$UWHDJD1 *REHU +($/7+ 3,21((56 $''5(66,1* (&26<67(0 $1, $VXQFLyQ10D\UD*DOLQGR1&KULVWLDQ6DOWRV16RItD)LJXHURD1 0$/$1'38%/,&+($/7+ 'LDQD9LOORWD1'LDQD&DOYDFKH1%HQMDPLQ+DOO1%UHQQD.HO $FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ OH\1 -RH 6LQJK1 6KDQD 6LQJK1 &ULVWLDQ$UJDQGRQD1 /LOLDQD 1ONE HEALTH Epigenomics Educational Initiative, Environ- =XQLJD1'DQLHOD(VSLQR]D1$UWXUR5XL]/XQD&HVDU$OHMDQ mental Genomics Inc., P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772 GUR %HUODQJD5REOHV -RUJH (FKHYDUULD4 &KLND ) ,NHRJX5 2Foundation for Conservation of Biodiversity (FUCOBI), Qui- DQG$FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ to, Ecuador 1Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Acuática [email protected] y Terrestre de Ecuador (FUCOBI), Quito, Ecuador The ‘ONE HEALTH Epigenomics & Microbiomes: From Soil 2ONE HEALTH Epigenomics Educational Initiative, Environ- to People’ workshop focus on application of the holistic concept mental Genomics Inc. (EGI), P.O. Box 196, Southborough MA of ONE HEALTH to conserve healthy ecosystems (wetlands, salt 01772 marshes, estuarine mangroves, soil/sediment), to maintain healthy 3Centro de Alimentacion y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Unidad DQLPDOV VKULPSVKHOO¿VK ¿VK WR SURWHFW KXPDQ KHDOWK HPHUJ- Mazatlan en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, AP.711, Mazatlan, ing zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, obesity, diabetes, congenital Sinaloa, 82000 Mexico malformations like microcephaly), long-term. Speakers will ad- 4Universidad de Tumbes, Av. Arica Nº 361, Tumbes, Peru dress topics related to the 20-year project of the FUCOBI Founda- 5Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Dept. of Fisheries & Aquaculture, WLRQWKDWZDVODXQFKHGDWWKH¿UVWµ21(+($/7+(SLJHQRPLFVDQG Awka, Nigeria Microbiomes: From Soil to People’ symposium held in Framing- [email protected] ham, MA, March 16-18, 2017. We will address the promises and The long-term goal of MangroveENCODE is conservation of challenges of toxico-epigenomics, environmental chemicals and healthy mangroves forests in tropical countries through education, WKHLU LPSDFWV RQ WKH HSLJHQRPH RI PDQJURYHV VKHOO¿VK¿VK DQG by (1) promoting replanting of new trees to address both communi- people, the incorporation of epigenetic effects in environmental, ty needs and the underlying ecological causes of mangrove degra- human and non-model species health risk assessment. The technol- dation; and research by (2) understanding their resilience to climate ogies needed to test our hypothesis of transgenerational epigenetic change by studying their genomes and epigenomes. Mangroves inheritance in nature will be discussed at the end of the workshop. store more CO2 than any other terrestrial ecosystem. The objective Twenty-seven students and postdocs/research associates repre- LV WR VWXG\ WKH LQWHUDFWLRQV RI JUHHQKRXVH JDV ÀX[HV FDUERQ VH- senting eight countries (Belgium 1, China 3, Ecuador 9, India 1, questration, microbial communities, and contaminants of concern Iraq 1, Malaysia 2, Mexico 7, Thailand 1; USA 2) will be recog- (COC) in mangrove sediment, considering climate change and en- nized as winners of the ‘2020 Johnnie Castro Montealegre Student vironmental degradation-related health issues. Baseline informa- Travel Awards’ by the Foundation for Conservation of Biodiversity tion will be obtained for future studies to test mechanism-driven (FUCOBI), Quito, Ecuador. hypotheses to examine the transgenerational epigenetic mech- Four scientists will be recognized as OUTSTANDING RE- anisms involved in the interactions of CO2 with COC (hormone SEARCHERS: Sandra Shumway, Suhua Shi, Irina Arkhipova and disruptors and antimicrobials like glyphosate, metals, bisphenols, Kathy Tang. Our special appreciation to Dr. Sandra Shumway for others), microbial transgene %DFLOOXVWKXULQJLHQVLV, and the micro- welcoming the shrimp group to the NSA and supporting our in- biome of mangrove sediments and agricultural soil, using ecologi- ternational ‘One Health’ educational effort, a holistic concept now cal computational tools. supported by the U.S. Senate to promote collaboration between At the 2020 NSA meeting in Baltimore, the protocol to collect public, animal and environmental health scientists. 1-meter sediment cores (provided by Dr. Jim Tang from the Eco- systems Center, Woods Hole, MA) will be discussed, in order to SUHSDUHWKHRI¿FLDOSHUPLWUHTXHVWVIRUWKHQH[WVFLHQWL¿FH[SHGL- tion in late 2020. The administrative responsibilities for shipment of samples to testing laboratories in the USA will be reviewed. A literature review of the mangrove genome sizes, genetic variation, and the role of interactions of transposable elements (Gypsy LTR retrotransposon) and epigenetic components (methylation) involved in salt and temperature stress adaptation of mangroves to global change DOwill be presented. NOT CITE 42 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

7+( 6+5,03 *(120( $1' (3,*(120( $ 5(9,(: 87,/,=,1* 7,0(/$36( ,0$*(5< 72 48$17,)< 2)*(120(6,=(675$16326$%/((/(0(1766,0 326775$163/$176&$//23%(+$9,25 3/(6(48(1&(5(3($76,17(*5$7('9,586(6$1' 5LFN\-$OH[DQGHU /LHVH6LHPDQQDQG5RQDOG6PRORZLW] (3,*(1(7,&&20321(1762)3(1$(,'6 Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 277 Hatchville Rd, East Fal- $FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ mouth, MA 02536 ONE HEALTH Epigenomics Educational Initiative, Environ- [email protected] mental Genomics Inc. (EGI), P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA :KLOHWKH86VHDVFDOORS¿VKHU\KDVHQMR\HG¿QDQFLDOVXFFHVV 01772 in recent years, the stock, and the industry that targets it, is vul- [email protected] QHUDEOHWRÀXFWXDWLQJUHFUXLWPHQWHYHQWV6HYHUDOFRXQWULHVRXWVLGH The goal of The Shrimp Genome and Epigenome (ShrimpEN- the U.S. stabilize scallop stocks through enhancement programs CODE) Project is to understand the epigenetic mechanisms asso- that supplement natural recruitment and promote natural growth. FLDWHGZLWKVXVFHSWLELOLW\DQGWROHUDQFHRI3DFL¿FZKLWHOHJVKULPS Rather than growing seed scallops in a hatchery setting, with high 3HQDHXV(/LWRSHQDHXV)YDQQDPHL, to bacterial [acute hepatopancre- overhead costs, and spurred by an unusually slow-growing set of atic necrosis disease (AHPND)] and viral [white spot syndrome scallops in the Nantucket Lightship Access Area, the Coonames- virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis sett Farm Foundation (CFF) has begun the research to determine virus (IHHNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV)] diseases. It was pro- the feasibility of a transplant-based enhancement program, where posed that transposition of mobile genetic elements [transposable slow-growing or densely settled scallop sets are re-distributed to elements (TEs)], among AHPND-causing 9LEULRV spp. occurs via PRUHDSSURSULDWHGHQVLWLHVDORQJWKHVHDÀRRU7KH¿UVWVWHSLQWKLV horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmid transposons, and trans- process was demonstraing the ability to collect large numbers of generational epigenetic inheritance. To test this hypothesis, a con- scallops, transport them to a secondary location, and release them tiguous, fully-assembled reference genome sequence is needed. To WRWKHVHDÀRRU1H[W&))GHYHORSHGPHWKRGVIRUWUDFNLQJWKHVFDO- date, two whole genome sequence (WGS) assemblies are available lops’ movement and/or mortality in the short-term using a time- for 3YDQQDPHL [Breed: Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1) and Breed: lapse camera array focused on the 12-48 hours following seeding. F1 (ASM373033v1]. ASM378908v1 represents 1.6 Gb of the Images annotated using the R software package were used to track expected genome size of 2.45-2.87 Gb. Same 1.4-1.6 Gb size for scallop movement behavior for 12-48 hours post-release. Scallop 3MDSRQLFXVand3PRQRGRQ. Genome annotation revealed: large PRYHPHQWZDVQRWGLUHFWLRQDODQGGLGQRWGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\EH- number (23.93%) of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 3YDQQD- tween deployments. Scallops generally did not react to the presence PHL genome, 25,572 protein-coding genes, and various noncoding of predators unless physical contact was made. Transplanted scal- RNA: 1,458 tRNA, 464 rRNA, 296 (snRNA), 255 small nucleolar lop piles attracted a wide diversity of marine life. Future work will RNA (snoRNA), 90 ribozymes, 59 cis-regulatory elements, and focus on longer-term monitoring of transplanted scallops through 214 microRNAs (miRNAs). Repetitive sequences (SSR, TE) are acoustic telemetry and dredge/optical surveys. QRW ZHOOFKDUDFWHUL]HG LQ ¿YH SHQDHLG :6* GDWDEDVHV DW 1&%, Three hundred eighteen repetitive sequences are presented from a pilot WGS assembly (9.6 Mb) using hemolymph from broodstock RI WKH RULJLQDO VSHFL¿F SDWKRJHQIUHH 63) 3 YDQQDPHL (Kona Line) developed by the U.S. Marine Shrimp Farming Program +$7&+(5< 23(5$7,216 ,1 7+( &+(6$3($.( %$< 8606)3 VHTXHQFHGRQ3DFL¿F%LRVFLHQFH56,,SODWIRUPZLWK %(1',1* :,7+ 7+( 7,'( $7 +251 32,17 2<67(5 P5 chemistry, and published in Repbase Reports 2015, Vol 15(4), +$7&+(5<0$5

FKDOOHQJHVDQG¿QGLQJUHDOWLPHVROXWLRQVDUHFULWLFDOFRPSRQHQWV Finally, because of the maxim that requires separation of breed- to production success. ing from routine commercial activity, the ideal is to have a dedi- The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sci- cated set-aside in the hatchery for R&D work. While this set-aside ence Horn Point Laboratory Oyster Hatchery (HPLOH), located in FDQHDVLO\VKDUHFRPPRQIHDWXUHVVXFKDVZDWHU¿OWUDWLRQDQGDO- Cambridge, Maryland, is one of the largest oyster hatcheries on the gae feed, the 2D space, plastic ware, screen sets and other toys of east coast. HPLOH produces eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQL- R&D, and especially the gametes and larvae should be inviolately FD) larvae, spat on shell, and oyster seed for restoration and com- separate. mercial aquaculture production, as well as engaging in research, education and outreach programs. Production at the HPLOH has increased from a relatively modest 17 million in 1997 to a peak of over 1.7 billion oysters produced in 2016 and 2017. Within this WLPHIUDPHDQRPDOLHVLQQDWXUDOFRQGLWLRQVKDYHUHVXOWHGLQÀXF- $66(660(17 2) 7+( 2;,'$7,9( 675(66 $1' tuations in production of varying scale. Some disruptions, such %,275$16)250$7,21 (1=<0$7,& ())(&76 2) as harmful algal blooms, are spatially isolated while others, such */<3+26$7((;32685(217+(3$&,),&:+,7(/(* as high regional rainfall and resulting low salinity, have affected 6+5,03PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI hatcheries throughout the mid-Atlantic region. Impacts from these &KLQQDLDK$PXWKD DQG'KDUVKDQD'LQHVK episodes have lasted from a few days to over half of a production Madurai Kamaraj University, Department of Animal Behaviour season. Some incidents are predictable and can be successfully and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai-625021, PDQDJHGZKLOHRWKHUVKDYHUHPDLQHGLQGH¿QDEOHDQGKDYHIRUFHG Tamilnadu, India the hatchery to temporarily cease production altogether. Historic [email protected] SURGXFWLRQDORQJZLWKWKHFKDOOHQJHVIDFHGDQGDWWHPSWVDW¿QGLQJ Aquatic organisms have self-defense mechanisms that natu- solutions will be presented. rally protect them from the actions of chemicals such as the her- bicide and antimicrobial Glyphosate. The changes in expression levels of different types of enzymes could be used as biomarkers of exposure such as hepatopancreatic cytochrome P450-associated enzyme activity. It is also possible that the rate of release of +$7&+(5< 23(5$7,216 )25 *(1(7,& ,03529( reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased during exposure and 0(172)6+(//),6+ the defense mechanisms occurred in the cell because of rapid ox- 6WDQGLVK.$OOHQ-U idation, reduction, hydroxylation and dealkylation reactions. The William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 effect of Glyphosate exposure was examined to assess the oxida- Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 tive stress and biotransformationon 3YDQQDPHL post-larval stage [email protected] collected from commercial farms. After measuring body length Research hatcheries, of which a breeding program would avail, (1.760 ±0.197cm) and weight (0.629±0.081g) they were divided have several key elements that distinguish them from commercial into groups (n=25/tank): control, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm 40 ppm space. The principal needs for research or breeding are tank rep- and 50 ppm glyphosate concentrations for 24 hours. Water quality lication, “table” space, and plastic ware, including microscope(s) was maintained at pH 7.8, salinity of 32, and a temperature of 27- and (especially) labelling tape. All other supporting functions of 28ºC throughout the study. Tissue samples were collected every 6 a hatchery are more or less equivalent to a commercial operation. hr, hepatopancreas removed for enzymatic reactions. The levels of Research (breeding) hatcheries are characterized by many small antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glu- tanks rather than smaller numbers of very large ones. This derives tathione reductase (GR)] and biotransformation enzymes (CYP450 from the need for replication to accommodate experimental design isoform-EROD, MROD, BROD and GST) increased at 6hr and in the case of research hatcheries or multiple crosses for progeny 12hr in the 10-30ppm groups, their activity decreased afterwards. tests in the case of breeding. In the example of the VIMS breeding In the 40-50ppm groups, the antioxidant and biotransformation en- program, 200-300 crosses might be executed per year, often with zymes increased up to 24 hr. Results suggested that (a) antioxidant >70 running simultaneously. That number of crosses, also spawned enzymes were elevated at early stages of exposure in 10-30 ppm at the same time, militates the separation of gametes to effect pre- groups, (b) GSH, SOD and CAT play a role against ROS and neu- cise pedigrees. Therefore, whether gametes are strip spawned or tralized it, (c) enzymatic biotransformation is essential to eliminate naturally spawned, they need to be contained until use, necessi- glyphosate, and (d) the cellular enzyme defense mechanism protect tating lots of plastic ware for eggs and sperm and the 2D space to shrimp at certain levels of exposure. place them. DO NOT CITE 44 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

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DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 45

7+( 5(9(56( 75$16&5,37$6( 57 2) RTE-3_LVA &5$&.,1*7+(*(120(2)7+(%/8(&5$%CALL- 121/75 5(75275$1632621 )520 63) PENAEUS INECTES SAPIDUS (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI ,6 6,0,/$5 72 57 )520 7%DFKYDURII1 /3ORXJK2DQG-6RRN&KXQJ1 P. MONODON(1'2*(12869,586,++19,16,*+76 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, ,172 +25,=217$/ *(1(75$16)(5 2)$ '1$ 3$5 Institute for Marine and Environmental Science, 701 E Pratt St, 929,586 Baltimore, MD, 21202 *REHU$VXQFLRQ1 .DWK\)-7DQJ2DQG$FDFLD$OFLYDU:DU 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, UHQ 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD, 21613 1Fundación para la Conservation de la Biodiversidad Acuática y [email protected] Terrestre (FUCOBI), Quito, Ecuador The blue crab, &DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV has major cultural and eco- 2Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of nomic importance to the Chesapeake Bay region. The genome Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shangdong, P.R. China sequence was determined using multiple different approaches in- 3Environmental Genomics Inc., ONE HEALTH Epigenomics cluding short and long read sequencing as well as scaffolding using Educational Initiative, P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772 HiC. After assembly with MASurCA software the genome length [email protected] was ~1.1 billion bases with two peaks of coverage at 100 and 200 Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus fold, suggesting high levels of heterozygosity. roughly 160 million (IHHNV) is one of the major viral pathogens of penaeid shrimps, bases were associated with different types of repeats, with ~100 its infection has resulted in severe mortalities of up to 90 % in million found in simple repeats. Approximately 29,000 protein populations of 3HQDHXV (/LWRSHQDHXV) VW\OLURVWULV. The virus is coding genes were determined from ~800 million RNAseq reads less virulent in 3YDQQDPHL and P. PRQRGRQ and does not typi- using STRINGTIE and the MAKER pipeline. In addition, the ge- cally cause mortality; but it can result in runt deformity syndrome. nome resource can be used to map expression across large scaffolds Twenty-nine complete genomes are deposited in Genbank, sizes and should provide resource for gene discovery, population level ranging from 3,530 bp to 3,914 bp. An endogenous IHHN virus analysis, and further study of the biology of this resilient species. element of 4,655 bp (DQ228358) from 3 PRQRGRQ from Africa and Australia contains a partial sequence of retrotransposon reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. DQ228358 contains the 3’end of IHHNV (actual virus) sequence. The shrimp containing this endogenous IHHN viral element does not cause infection in laboratory infection 7+(&203/(7(*(120(2)$1(1'2*(12861,0$ studies. Blastx searches revealed that nucleotides 3280-4653 of 9,586 NIMAV-1_LVA )5207+(3$&,),&:+,7(/(* DQ228358 is 83% identical to nucleotides 186-643 of RNA-direct- 6+5,03PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI ed DNA polymerase of .OHEVLHOOD SQHXPRQLDH (WP_107339062 :HLGRQJ%DR1 .DWK\7DQJ2DQG$FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ 883aa). Nucleotides 3511-4653 are 100% identical to 1-381aa from 1Genetic Information Research Institute, 20380 Town Center RT of 3 PRQRGRQ (AAM94166 382aa). Nucleotides 1-1202 are Lane, Suite 240, Cupertino, CA 95014 integrated in the genome of 3YDQQDPHL farmed in China (breed 2Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Acuática Kehai No. 1, assembly ASM378908v1). Nucleotides 3255-4655 y Terrestre (FUCOBI), Quito, Ecuador of DQ228358 are similar to nucleotides 1524-2924 of the RT of 3Environmental Genomics Inc., ONE HEALTH Epigenomics RTE-3_LVa non-LTR retrotransposon of 3,654 bp [Bao 2015. Rep- Educational Initiative, P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772 base Reports 15(4):1592], obtained from a pilot genome sequence [email protected] of SPF 3YDQQDPHL domesticated by USMSFP breeding program in White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the lone virus of the genus Hawaii. Portions of RTE-3_LVa are identical to microsatellites and Whispovirus under the family Nimaviridae, is one of the most dev- ESTs from SPF 3YDQQDPHL, wild and farmed P. PRQRGRQ and P astating viruses affecting the shrimp farming industry. Knowledge VW\OLURVWULV. It is hypothesized that a horizontal transfer mechanism about this virus, in particular its evolution history, has been limited, is involved in host transposon-IHHNV virus interactions. partly due to its large genome and the lack of other closely related free-living viruses for comparative studies. In this study, we recon- structed a full-length endogenous nimavirus consensus genome, 1LPDYB/9D (279,905 bp), in the genome sequence of 3HQDHXV YDQQDPHL breed Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1), in which ~12 cop- ies of 1LPDYB/9D exist. Although in less amount, 1LPDYB/9D sequences are also present in the genomes of 3HQDHXVPRQRGRQ and 3HQDHXV (0DUVXSHQDHXV) MDSRQLFXV. This endogenous virus seems to insert exclusively into the telomeric pentanucleotide mi- DO NOT CITE 46 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

crosatellite (TAACC/GGTTA)n. It encodes 117 putative genes, (;$0,1,1*7+( 327(17,$/ )25$&&/,0$7,212) with some containing introns, such as g012 (IAP), g046 (CHH), CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA/$59$(722&($1$&,',), g155 (innexin), g158 (BI-1-like). More than a dozen 1LPDYB/9D &$7,21 genes are involved in the pathogen-host interactions. We hypothe- 0LFKHOOH %DUERVD &DUROLQH 6FKZDQHU 6DUDK )DUKDW (P size that g046, g155, g158 and g227 (semaphorin 1A like) are re- PDQXHOOH3DOHV(VSLQRVDDQG%DVVHP$OODP cruited host genes for their roles in immune regulation. Our data Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric indicates that a total of 43 WSSV genes are core/ancestor nima- Sciences, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794 virus genes, including four genes reported in this study: wsv112 [email protected] (dUTPase), wsv206, wsv226 and wsv308 (nucleocapsid protein). There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the roles of Availability of 1LPDYB/9D sequence will help understand the ge- DFFOLPDWLRQYHUVXVDGDSWDWLRQIRUUHVLOLHQFHWRRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ netic diversity, epidemiology, evolution and virulence of WSSV. (OA) in bivalves. This study combines physiological assays with next generation sequencing to assess the potential for acclimation of the eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) to OA and to evaluate the underlying molecular features for resilience. Adult oysters were spawned and larvae were cultured under ambient (700ppm) or *52:7+$1'6859,9$/2)1257+(51 MERCENAR- elevated (1400ppm) pCO2 conditions. After one week, larvae were IA MERCENARIA $1' 6287+(51 M. CAMPECHIEN- reciprocally transplanted to the alternative pCO2 condition. Lar- SIS 48$+2*6 ,1 )/25,'$ +$7&+(5< $1' 1856 vae that remained in elevated pCO2H[KLELWHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU (5<3+$6(6 mortality one week after transplantation than those remaining in %UXFH-%DUEHU ambient pCO2. Larvae transplanted from elevated to ambient pCO2 *XOI6KHOO¿VK,QVWLWXWH,QWHUPRGDO&LUFOH6XLWH3DO- KDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHUPRUWDOLW\FRPSDUHGWRWKRVHUHPDLQLQJLQ metto, FL 34221 elevated conditions and near equal mortality compared to animals EEDUEHU#JXOIVKHOO¿VKLQVWLWXWHRUJ remaining in the ambient condition. Larvae transplanted from am- Culture of the northern quahog, 0PHUFHQDULD, represents 98% bient to elevated pCO2H[KLELWHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUPRUWDOLW\WKDQ RIDOOIDUPHGVKHOO¿VKLQ)ORULGD,QLWVJURVVUHYHQXHLPSDFW those remaining in ambient conditions and near equal mortality was estimated to be $38.7 million. 0PHUFHQDULD, however, is not compared to those that remained under elevated pCO2. RNA from native to the west coast of Florida, and growers and hatcheries are survivors was sequenced and RNAseq results demonstrated genes experiencing increasing summer mortality events. 0FDPSHFKLHQ- were differentially regulated under OA stress compared to ambi- VLV, on the other hand, is endemic to southwest Florida and once ent conditions. Furthermore, larvae that remained in the elevated VXSSRUWHGDODUJHKDUYHVW¿VKHU\VXJJHVWLQJLWPD\EHEHWWHUDGDSW- condition and larvae transplanted into elevated pCO2 demonstrated ed to local environmental conditions and more resilient to climate shared patterns of gene expression. The results of RNAseq demon- change. The objective of this study is to compare growth and sur- strate larvae acclimate to environmental stress by means of regulat- vival of these sibling species on the west coast of Florida during ing gene expression. This work demonstrates, in part, the basis for larval, post set, nursery and growout phases. Increased production resilience to OA in the eastern oyster and begins to identify genes of southern quahogs will diversify the industry and expand mar- involved in the resiliency of aquaculture stocks. kets. *HQHWLFDOO\FRQ¿UPHGEURRGVWRFNRIHDFKVSHFLHVZHUHVSDZQHG a week apart at a commercial hatchery in August 2019; offspring were reared using standard techniques. Measurements of shell lengths (n=25) were obtained during larval, post-set (downwellers) and nursery (upwellers) phases. Estimates of percent survival were obtained from counts of fertilized eggs, larvae and post-set clams. Water temperature and salinity were also recorded. Mean shell lengths were 8.2 mm (72 days after spawning) and 7.5 mm (71 days after spawning) for 0PHUFHQDULD and M. FDPSHFKLHQVLV, respectively. Survival of 0 PHUFHQDULD was 9% (17 days after spawning) and survival of 0FDPSHFKLHQVLV was 8% (21 days after spawning). There were no differences in growth or survival between the two species during larval, post-set and nursery phases of development. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 47

7+( ,1&25325$7,21 2) (3,*(1(7,& ())(&76 21 wharf overlooking Moosabec Reach, the body of water separat- (19,5210(17$/$1'+80$1+($/7+5,6.$66(66 ing the island community of Beals from the mainland community 0(17$3352$&+(6)2512102'(/63(&,(6 RI-RQHVSRUWLQHDVWHUQ0DLQH%,56+ZDVWKH¿UVWHYHUVKHOO¿VK -RmR %DUERVVD *XLOKHUPH -HUHPLDV -RDQD / 3HUHLUD hatchery dedicated to the production of cultured soft-shell clam, DQG-DQD$VVHOPDQ2 0\DDUHQDULD, juveniles (< 12 mm SL) that were distributed to local 1Ghent University, Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology VKHOO¿VKPDQDJHPHQWFRPPLWWHHVIRUVWRFNHQKDQFHPHQWSXUSRVHV and Aquatic Ecology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653 Building Today, DEI continues to be the only producer of cultured softshell F - 2nd Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium clams in Maine, and continues working with clammers and coastal 2Ghent University, Blue Growth Research Lab, Bluebridge, communities to enhance wild stocks. Soft-shell clam broodstock Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium are conditioned using traditional techniques that involve regulating 3University of Aveiro, Department of Biology, 3810-193 Aveiro, seawater temperature from 1-15oC and microalgae over a 2-month Portugal interval. Thermal shock (to 24oC) is used to stimulate spawning. 4University of Aveiro, Centre for Environmental and Marine Larvae are reared at 20oC in 400-l conical tanks for 18-22 days, and Studies (CESAM), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal settle at sizes of 200-225 microns. Arctic surfclams, 0DFWURPHULV [email protected] SRO\Q\PD, are deep-water, shallow-burrowers that are harvested Epigenetic mechanisms have gained relevance in human health commercially only in Maritime Canada, but populations exist in the and environmental studies, due to their pivotal role in disease, Gulf of Maine south to offshore Rhode Island. Surfclam broodstock gene × environment interactions, and adaptation to environmental are spawned by conditioning using techniques similar to those used change and/or contamination. Epigenetic mechanisms are highly for soft-shell clams, but over temperatures that range from 1-10oC. responsive to external stimuli and a wide range of chemicals have Spawning and larval rearing occurs at 12oC. EHHQ VKRZQ WR GHWHUPLQH VSHFL¿F HSLJHQHWLF SDWWHUQV LQ VHYHUDO organisms. Furthermore, the mitotic/meiotic inheritance of such epigenetic marks as well as the resulting changes in gene expression and cell/organismal phenotypes has now been demonstrated. Therefore, epigenetic signatures are interesting candidates for link- ())(&76 2) *5((1 &5$% CARCINUS MAENAS 35( ing environmental exposures to disease as well as informing on '$7,21 21 62)76+(// &/$0 MYA ARENARIA 323 past exposures to stressors. Currently, methodologies that study the 8/$7,216,10$,1('85,1*$:$50,1*2&($1(1 entire epigenome, which refers to all chemical modifcations added 9,5210(17 to the DNA code, are routinely used to investigate potential epi- %ULDQ)%HDO1 &KDG5&RI¿Q2DQG6DUD)5DQGDOO genetic effects. While these technologies are increasingly applied 1University of Maine at Machias, 116 O’Brien Avenue, Machi- in studies with model species, they remain challenging to apply to as, ME 04654 non model species. Here, the potential of these technologies in non 20DLQH &ODPPHUV$VVRFLDWLRQ /LWFK¿HOG 5RDG )UHHSRUW model species will be discussed. ME 04032 3'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH:LOGÀRZHU/DQH32%R[%HDOV ME 04611 [email protected] Green crabs purportedly invaded the shores of North Ameri- 62)76+(// &/$0$1'$5&7,& 685)&/$0 +$7&+ FDVRPHZKHUHQHDU/RQJ,VODQG1[email protected] tions due, apparently, to winter temperatures. Cold winters coin- 7KH'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH '(, LVD F QRQSUR¿WFRUSR- cided with population declines, while the opposite was true when ration located on Great Wass Island in the town of Beals, Maine seawater temperatures were mild. An especially noticeable increase that operates a 10,000 ft2VKHOO¿VKSURGXFWLRQUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHO- LQVHDZDWHUWHPSHUDWXUHRFFXUUHGGXULQJWKH¿YH\HDUSHULRGIURP opment center. Historically, DEI evolved from its predecessor the 1945-1949 when winter (Jan-Mar) seasurface temperatures at %HDOV,VODQG5HJLRQDO6KHOO¿VK+DWFKHU\ %,56+ WKDWZDVFUHDWHG Boothbay Harbor, ME averaged 1.9 ± 0.12oC vs. 1950-1954 when in 1987 byDO renovating a clam shucking shack locatedNOT on a 100-ft temperatures averaged 4.81CITE ± 0.1.1oC. The approximate 150% in- 48 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

crease in temperatures coincided with a population explosion of +(7(527523+,&$//< &21',7,21(' 5(&,5&8/$ green crabs along the Maine coast, and, at that time, with the largest 7,216<67(0)25%,9$/9(/$59$/&8/785( decline in soft-shell clam populations that averaged 40.3 million &KULVWRSKHU'%HQWOH\1 5LFKDUG6Q\GHU15H]D2YLVVLSRXU2 SRXQGV YV PLOOLRQ WKH ¿YH\HDU 0LFKDHO6FKZDU]26HWDUHK6KLURRGL26WHYH8ULFN2DQG-RQD period after the warming period. Today, seasurface temperatures than van Senten2 in the Gulf of Maine are warming faster than most other areas of 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory, the global oceans, green crab populations are, once again, explod- P.O. Box 350, 40 Atlantic Ave., Wachapreague, VA 23480 ing, and, once again, soft-shell clam populations are at/near all- 2Virginia Tech, Virginia Seafood AREC, 102 South King St., WLPHORZVPHDVXUHGE\ERWK¿VKHULHVGHSHQGHQWDQGLQGHSHQGHQW Hampton, VA 23669 sources. Clam losses due to green crab attack are disproportionate- [email protected] ly associated with 0-year class individuals where post-settlement Standard bivalve hatchery practices rely on ambient water quali- mortality has been estimated to be > 99%. ty for production, however ambient water quality can cause impaired hatchery performance. The development a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) would allow bivalve hatcheries to reuse production ZDWHUDQGPLQLPL]HLPSDFWIURPÀXFWXDWLQJDPELHQWZDWHUTXDOLW\ Two pilot scale systems were developed for testing. The system $5&7,& 685)&/$0 MACTROMERIS POLYNYMA design consisted of a 600 L traditional moving bed bioreactor with ),(/' *52:287 75,$/6 ,1 ($67(51 0$,1( 86$ K1 Kaldnes carrier elements (AnoxKaldnes, Lund, Sweden) for am- 86,1*&8/785('-89(1,/(6 monia reduction and enriched heterotrophic microbial community %ULDQ)%HDO1 .\OH3HSSHUPDQ2DQG%HQQHWW(OOLV2 to reduce organic waste and remove bacteria from larval production 1University of Maine at Machias, 116 O’Brien Avenue, Machi- waters. A conventional foam fractionator was also used to assist as, ME 04654 with removal of dissolved organics. Initial efforts have developed 2'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH:LOGÀRZHU/DQH32%R[%HDOV and standardized a heterotrophic conditioning protocol. ME 04611 7ULDOVZHUHFRQGXFWHGLQ/ELRUHDFWRUVWRWHVWELR¿OPGHYHO- [email protected] opment procedure and survival of bivalve larvae in system water. Arctic surfclams are shallow-burrowing, deep-water bivalves Standard bacteriological media as an organic source was dosed at (Family Mactridae) with a circumboreal distribution. In the north- a level expected as worst-case scenario for larval culture failure. west Atlantic, this species is harvested commercially in Atlantic Organics were absorbed and treated by the system with very little Canada and Quebec (10-15 cm SL) for its naturally-occurring pur- perturbation of the biomass in the reactor. Cultured 9LEULR spp. ple foot that turns bright red upon cooking, and is served as hokki- were loaded to the system and eliminated from the planktonic gai, a sushi and sashimi delicacy. In 2017, Canadian surfclam sales phase. Both bay scallops and eastern oyster larvae were used to test topped $100 million. 0DFWURPHULV ranges into the Gulf of Maine reactor water quality following organic doses. Initial assessment of and south to offshore Rhode Island; however, no extensive beds larval survival and growth was promising, and the system is being have been located in U.S. waters. An attempt to create a new cul- UH¿QHG)XWXUHGLUHFWLRQVDOVRLQFOXGHVFDOHXSDVVLPLODWLRQFD- ture candidate and live product (4-5 cm SL) for domestic markets pacity analysis, and potential economic gains with implementation began in 2009 at the Downeast Institute to learn about the hatchery, of the system. QXUVHU\DQGJURZRXWSKDVHVRIWKLVVSHFLHV6LQFH¿HOGWULDOV using cultured juveniles (4-15 mm SL) have been conducted in the soft-bottom lower intertidal in eastern Maine where large tides ex- SRVHGKXQGUHGVRIDFUHVRIPXGÀDWVWKDWDUHUHODWLYHO\GHSDXSHUDWH in the native soft-shell clam, 0\DDUHQDULD. Small-scale trials over ¿YH\HDUVLQ0DLQH¶VWZRHDVWHUQPRVWFRXQWLHVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDW traditional techniques to deter predators with plastic mesh netting DSSOLHGGLUHFWO\WRÀDWV VLPLODUWRWKRVHXVHGWRSURWHFW0\D) re- peatedly resulted in short-term (6 mo.) survival rates < 5%. Netting did not deter predators, mostly green crabs, &DUFLQXVPDHQDV, that ripped, cut, and/or burrowed beneath the edges of the netting to consume the surfclam seed. A new growout method was recently discovered that resulted in survival rates > 90% over 166-days (April to October)DO with growth rates of 175%. NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 49

$ *(263$7,$/ $66(660(17 2) 352'8&7,9,7< 72 7+( ',6$33($5$1&( 2) 1($5/< %,//,21 6&$/ '(6,*1$7($/7(51$7,9(86(6 2) 38%/,& %$

is spaced by non-coding and coding regions which gives rise to dif- level of 3PDULQXV in the benthos and water column were investi- ferent shift in resistance for different pathogens. Host genome had gated. Sediment and water samples were collected at three nearby undergone different adaptations and had been selected for survival sites on the lower York River, Virginia, over a three-day tidal cycle based on its history of pathogen exposure. The role of important and also monthly, starting in August 2019 when infection levels in immune functional genes in the initiation of signaling cascades in oysters were nearing their seasonal peak. DNA was extracted and response to different pathogens at different time periods and lev- qPCR was applied to quantify 3PDULQXV in the water column and els can be captured real time via transcriptomics approach. The sediment. Initial results revealed detectable 3PDULQXV across the RNA-Seq analysis of AHPND-challenged disease tolerant 3HQDXHV tidal cycle, with levels generally highest at low tide highlighting P. PRQRGRQ control and treatment (3, 6, and 24 hours post-infection) PDULQXV environmental variability even on short time scales. hepatopancreas samples have successfully revealed the pathogen-induced transcriptome changes. Software including Trinity, Tgicl, Bowtie2, and RSEM were applied for the transcriptome GH QRYR assembly, transcript annotation, and expression determination. Differentially expressed immune functional genes were iden- ())(&762)',))(5(1&(6,1'85$7,212)/$59$/ WL¿HG DQG WKHLU XQLTXH H[SUHVVLRQ SDWWHUQV DW GLIIHUHQW SRVW$+- 3(5,2' 8321 7+( ),(/' 3(5)250$1&( 2) &8/ PND infection time points were further uncovered. This led to the 785(' ($67(51 2<67(56 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINI- deduction of initial recognition between Pathogen-Associated Mo- CA 5(68/76 lecular Patterns (PAMP) and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR), .HOVH\$%LVNHU )6FRWW5LNDUG*OHQ&KDSOLQDQG:LOOLDP subsequent immune cascade activation, release of Damage-Associ- &:DOWRQ ated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) in later infection time points for $XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK/DERUDWRU\$JDVVL]6W'DX- immune response enhancement, and transcriptional activation of phin Island, AL 36528 important antibacterial immune functional genes. The differential [email protected] transcriptional changes could arise from epigenetic changes, SNP To test the relationship between larval period duration and sub- mutations and structural variations in non-coding and coding re- sequent performance, three different groups of oyster larvae were gions of the shrimp genome. SURGXFHGIURPDVLQJOHVSDZQDWWKH$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK Laboratory (Dauphin Island, AL); based on the number of days required by larvae (n > 900,000) to become pediveligers, the three groups were ‘Early’ (11 days post-fertilization), ‘Peak’ (13 days post-fertilization) and ‘Late’ (18 days post-fertilization). The per- (19,5210(17$/$%81'$1&(2)PERKINSUS MARI- formance of these three groups were monitored at 1) metamorpho- NUS,17+(<25.5,9(59,5*,1,$86$ VLV VHWWLQJ LQODQGEDVHGHDUO\QXUVHU\FXOWXUHDQG LQ¿HOG /\GLD0%LHQOLHQ DQG5\DQ%&DUQHJLH grow-out at three different sites in Alabama. Once oysters retained Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box on a 12 mm mesh, replicate (n = 6) groups were deployed to three 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA GLIIHUHQW¿HOGJURZRXWVLWHV *UDQG%D\2\VWHU3DUN%D\RX6XO- [email protected] livan Oyster Park, and Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory dock) in The oyster pathogen, 3HUNLQVXVPDULQXV is dominant alomg the 2FWREHUWRREVHUYH¿HOGSHUIRUPDQFH JURZWKUDWHVXUYLY- $WODQWLFDQG*XOI&RDVWVZKHUHLWDQQXDOO\FDXVHVVLJQL¿FDQWR\V- al, shell shape, condition index, etc.) at 4, 7 and 10 months after ter mortalities. While there have been numerous investigations of deployment. Preliminary results show that at the end of the land- this protozoan parasite within the context of its oyster host, much based nursery culture, the Peak group had a growth rate that was remains unknown in terms of its environmental ecology. The ap- 0.14mm/day (±0.093; 95% CI) faster than the Early group, indicat- pearance of 3PDULQXVLVVHDVRQDOZLWKGLVHDVHLQWHQVL¿FDWLRQFR- LQJDVLJQL¿FDQWJURZWKDGYDQWDJH S KRZHYHUWKHUHZDVQR inciding with warming water temperatures, usually in late summer. VLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ(DUO\DQG/DWHDYHUDJHJURZWKUDWHV The disease overwinters at low infection intensity before reemerg- (p>0.05). Results of additional analyses from the grow-out of each ing with warming temperatures in spring. While transmission may group will be discussed. This evaluation will help hatcheries and be primarily through release from dead and decaying tissues of in- farmers understand how performance of the oysters is related to fected oysters into the water column, transmission can occur year- larval period duration. round even through periods of low oyster mortality. This under- scores a potential role in transmission of parasite sloughing with feces, but even this may not explain the entirety of the transmission that is observed. To better understand the environmental ecology of 3PDULQXV, the relationshipDO between tidal cycle and season, NOTand the detection CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 51

&203$5$7,9( +$%,7$7 86( 2) (678$5,1( +$%, (9$/8$7,212)/,)(+,6725<$1'5(352'8&7,9( 7$76:,7+$1':,7+2872<67(5$48$&8/785( 7,0,1*2):$9(':+(/. BUCCINUM UNDATUM 21 3KLO %ORFK 0DUOHQH 0HDGHUV .HOO\ 0XHWKLQJ DQG &KULV 7+(860,'$7/$17,&&217,1(17$/6+(/) &]LHVOD 6%RUVHWWL1 ($%RFKHQHN1'%5XGGHUV2&'REVRQ-XL &RQÀXHQFH(QYLURQPHQWDO&RPSDQ\1&DQDO6WUHHW6XLWH +DQ&KDQJ4DQG'0XQURH1 111, Seattle, WA 98104 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ [email protected] 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ Numerous studies on the U.S. West Coast have documented 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and differences in species diversity and abundance associated with Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Rt. 1208 Greate Rd., Gloucester Point, VA estuarine habitat types with and without oyster culture; however, 3Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., due to the relatively recent transition to off-bottom culture within Woods Hole, MA West Coast estuaries, few studies have addressed how and wheth- 4Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 166 Water St., er off-bottom oyster culture affects species use and abundance, or Woods Hole, MA whether these differences affect the overall food web ecology of [email protected] the system. Development of the unmanaged waved whelk (%XFFLQXPXQ- The goal of the project was to determine whether oyster culture GDWXP ¿VKHU\ZLWKLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV0LG$WODQWLFFRQWLQHQWDO DOWHUVLQYHUWHEUDWHDQG¿VKDVVHPEODJHVRUSURGXFWLYLW\RIKDELWDWV VKHOIUHJLRQKDVLQLWLDWHGLQYHVWLJDWLRQLQWR¿VKHULHVUHODWHGELRORJ- where oysters are grown commercially in Humboldt Bay, Califor- ical and population attributes of the species in this region. Limited nia. The project builds upon previous work performed in Humboldt adult dispersal and lack of a planktonic larval stage has the poten- Bay, studies conducted in other West Coast estuaries, and current tial to create spatially distinct populations. Additionally, maturation HIIRUWVWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHLQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUH and reproduction timing vary by location for this species and are and estuarine habitats. likely linked to bottom water temperature. During the summer of Field studies associated with the project indicated that there 2015, a comprehensive survey was undertaken to evaluate popu- LVDSRWHQWLDOEHQH¿WIURPWKHSUHVHQFHRIDTXDFXOWXUHJHDUZKHQ lation structure, sex ratio, relative abundance, and size of sexual compared to estuarine habitats without gear present. Differences maturity for whelk in the Mid-Atlantic. Estimates of size of sex- in taxonomic groups present and their abundances occur between ual maturity for %XQGDWXP from other regions of the world were YHJHWDWHGDQGXQYHJHWDWHGVLWHV7KH¿HOGUHVHDUFKDOVRLQGLFDWHG compiled, demonstrating that the size of maturity for this species WKDWLQYHUWHEUDWHDVVHPEODJHVDUHQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\DIIHFWHGE\WKH is highly variable, and current minimum landing size regulations presence of aquaculture gear. Important questions remain regard- tend to fall below the estimated size of sexual maturity, potentially ing the interactions of aquaculture with eelgrass habitat and the LQFUHDVLQJWKHULVNRIUHFUXLWPHQWRYHU¿VKLQJ)LQHVFDOHVDPSOLQJ potential for aquaculture activities to affect other fauna including in the Mid-Atlantic Bight occurred throughout 2017 to examine ODUJHPLJUDWRU\¿VKPDULQHPDPPDOVDQGELUGV)LQDOO\WKHSURM- WLPLQJRIWKHUHSURGXFWLYHF\FOHXVLQJVHDVRQDOÀXFWXDWLRQVLQUHO- ect provided initial efforts into the utility of Ecopath with Ecosim evant body metrics and gonadosomatic index in relation to bottom modeling software to evaluate the effect that oyster culture has on temperature. Unique oceanographic dynamics in the MAB, such WKHIRRGZHEDQGFRPPHUFLDO¿VKHULHV)LQDOUHVXOWVRIWKHVWXG\ DVVWURQJVHDVRQDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQUHVXOWLQODUJHFKDQJHVLQDQQXDO will be presented. bottom temperature which appears to link closely to the reproduc- WLYHF\FOH7RGDWHQRIRUPDO¿VKHU\PDQDJHPHQWSODQH[LVWVIRUB. XQGDWXPLQWKH86KRZHYHUWKHVH¿QGLQJVDUHGLUHFWO\UHOHYDQW for future management of waved whelk along the U.S. Mid-Atlan- tic continental shelf.

DO NOT CITE 52 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

0$;,0,=,1* 6+(//),6+ 5(&58,70(17 ,1 /,9,1* '(9(/230(172)*(120,&722/672678'<7+( 6+25(/,1(6)255(6725$7,21$1'+$%,7$7&21 5(6,67$1&(2)OSTREA EDULIS72,763$5$6,7(6,1 6(59$7,21())2576 7+(&217(;72)*(1(7,&6(/(&7,21$1'2<67(5 6DUDK$%RXERXOLV -RVKXD$0RRG\,ULQD%HDO0DWWKHZ- 5(6725$7,21 *HQWU\DQG'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU ,VDEHOOH %RXWHW1 )UDQoRLV /DOOLHU1 -HDQ

&855(1767$7862)7+(38%/,&2<67(56$5($6,1 QDWXUDOR\VWHUUHHIVLQDWWHPSWVWRGHYHORSD¿VKHU\LQGHSHQGHQW /28,6,$1$86$ sampling methodology, several concerning observations were not- &DUROLQD0%RXUTXH DQG3DWULFN%DQNV ed including the impact of hurricanes on oyster abundance and hab- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, 2000 Quail itat quality. Sampling events have uncovered cases of widespread Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 sedimentation, anoxic conditions, low salinity environments, [email protected] VWURQJZDWHUFROXPQVWUDWL¿FDWLRQDQGWXUEXOHQWGLVSODFHPHQWDOO The vast coastal wetlands of Louisiana provide ample habitat correlated with increased oyster mortality. Natural oyster reefs of where eastern oysters (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) thrive under a variety 1RUWK &DUROLQD VXSSRUW D PXOWLPLOOLRQ GROODU FRPPHUFLDO ¿VKHU\ of environmental conditions. Louisiana has one of the largest oys- DQGWKH\SURYLGHLQYDOXDEOHHFRORJLFDOVHUYLFHVVXFKDVZDWHU¿O- ter resources in the nation, supporting one of the state’s largest and tration, bottom and shoreline stabilization, and vital nursery habi- PRVWYDOXDEOH¿VKHULHVDQGSURYLGLQJLPSRUWDQWHFRORJLFDOVHUYLFHV WDWV7KHVH¿QGLQJVKLJKOLJKWSRWHQWLDOPDQDJHPHQWLPSOLFDWLRQV to the state. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for North Carolina and other coastal oyster growing states that face (LDWF) is charged with managing the state’s oyster resources by increased threat from frequent hurricanes. Additional evaluation closely monitoring the size and health of oyster populations on of oyster habitat, and careful resource management consideration nearly 1.7 million acres of public oyster areas as well as setting RIHOHYDWHGSUR¿OHVDQGODUJHIRRWSULQWUHHIVLPSURYHGVLWLQJPHWK- oyster seasons, monitoring harvest, and enhancing habitat. His- ods, and a rotational harvest system may provide practical solu- WRULFDOO\WKH/RXLVLDQDSXEOLFR\VWHUDUHDVZHUHDVLJQL¿FDQWFRQ- tions to help combat and mitigate mortality in the face of increasing tributor to overall Louisiana oyster landings each year, while also storm frequency. supplying seed oysters transplanted to private leases for grow-out purposes; however, public area harvest has been decreasing since 2009, and only 2% of all oysters landed in Louisiana came from public areas in 2018. Recent oyster stock assessment indicate public oyster areas are experiencing the lowest stock size ever record- &$5126,1( 5('8&(6 72;,& ())(&76 2) 0$1*$ ed. This observed decline is not a result of any single event, but re- 1(6(210,72&+21'5,$/0(0%5$1(327(17,$/ ÀHFWVWKHHIIHFWVRIDP\ULDGRISRSXODWLRQVWUHVVRUVLQFOXGLQJEXW 7HQLVH %RZPDQ1 5RVDQQH :DOODFK2 0DUJDUHW $ &DUUROO1 not limited to, changes in hydrology, extreme weather events, the DQG(GZDUG-&DWDSDQH1 Deepwater Horizon oil spill/response activities, harvest pressure, 1Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford DQGWKH0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHUÀRRGLQJHYHQW5HKDELOLWDWLRQRI Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 this valuable economic and ecological resource is needed. LDWF 2Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, is providing a path for recovery and maintenance of Louisiana’s 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 oyster resources, as well as assistance with industry adaptation. [email protected] Manganese causes manganism, a Parkinson’s-like disease. The mechanism of action is not fully understood and there is no effective treatment. Proposed mechanisms include manganese causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction damaging dopaminergic +855,&$1( ,03$&76 21 7+( 1$785$/ 2<67(5 neurotransmission. Manganese disrupts mitochondrial membrane 5(()62)1257+&$52/,1$,67+,67+(1(:3$5 potential of &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFDgill lateral cells (GLC). To test $',*0" if PAS or carnosine, an antioxidant with possible neuroprotective 'DQLHO-%RZOLQJ1 DQG'DYLG%(JJOHVWRQ2 properties protect against manganese on mitochondria membrane 1North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, potential in &YLUJLQLFD*/&WKHÀXRUHVFHQWSUREH7050 WH- and Atmospheric Sciences, 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, North tramethylrhodamine-methyl-ester perchlorate) was used. Gill sec- Carolina 27695 WLRQVZHUHSODFHGLQP/RIDUWL¿FLDOVHDZDWHUFRQWDLQLQJ0 2North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth 7050RQPLFURVFRSHVOLGHVDQGH[SRVHGWRPDQJDQHVH 0 and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Tech- DORQHFDUQRVLQHRU3$6 0 PDQJDQHVHZLWKFDUQRVLQH nology, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC, 28557 0 HDFK RU PDQJDQHVH ZLWK 3$6DQG YLHZHG RQ D /HLFD HSL- [email protected] lume microscope with a 50 watt HBO mercury excitation lamp North Carolina is second only to the state of Florida in the Unit- DQG7H[DV5HG¿OWHUV ([QP(PQP 3KRWRPLFURJUDSKV ed States impacted by hurricane tracks since 1850. These storms were taken with a Leica DFC400 camera at 0, 10 and 20 min. All KDYHWKHDELOLW\WREULQJZLGHVSUHDGÀRRGLQJFRDVWDOVWRUPVXUJH sections were photographed with the same microscope and camera DQGGHYDVWDWLQJZLQGVEXWUHFHQW¿HOGREVHUYDWLRQVVXJJHVWWKDW VHWWLQJV*/&PLWRFKRQGULDOÀXRUHVFHQFHLQWHQVLW\ ), ZDVTXDQ- their impact may reach further. While studying North Carolina WL¿HGXVLQJ1,+,PDJH-&RQWUROJLOOVFDUQRVLQHDQG3$6WUHDWHG DO NOT CITE 54 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

JLOOV ÀXRUHVFHG EULJKWO\ LQGLFDWLQJ VWURQJ PLWRFKRQGULDO PHP- '(9(/23,1*),6+(5,(6$1'0$5.(76)257+(,1 brane potentials. Manganese treatment reduced FI by 40%. Gills 9$6,9((8523($1*5((1&5$% co-treated with manganese and PAS showed no reduction. Gills *DEULHOD%UDGW 1DQG0DULVVD0F0DKDQ2 co-treated with manganese and carnosine had a 15% reduction. 1New Hampshire Sea Grant, 8 College Rd., Durham, NH This study shows PAS and carnosine protect against manganese 03824 RQ PLWRFKRQGULDO PHPEUDQH SRWHQWLDO 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV VKRXOG EH 2Manomet, 14 Maine Street, Brunswick, ME 04011 of interest to those exploring possible therapeutic treatments for [email protected] manganism. Supported by grant NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- The European green crab (&DUFLQXVPDHQDV) is a harmful inva- K12GM093854-07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. sive species that has been linked to the decline of the softshell clam industry in New England, as well as the degradation and loss of critical eelgrass and salt marsh habitat. Compounding these issues is the link between increasing green crab abundance and increasing ocean temperature. Recent green crab mitigation efforts have 7+(1257+&$52/,1$6+(//),6+/($6(352*5$0 IRFXVHGRQGHYHORSLQJ¿VKHULHVPDUNHWVDQGYDOXHDGGHGSURG- -DFRE%R\G DQG0LFKDHO*UDYHQ ucts for this invasive pest. Research on the viability of a soft-shell North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division JUHHQFUDE¿VKHU\LQ0DLQHDQG1HZ+DPSVKLUHEHJDQLQ of Marine Fisheries, 3441 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC DQGZDVXQGHUWDNHQLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWKORFDO¿VKHUPHQ)LVKHU\ 28557 WHFKQLTXHVZHUHDGDSWHGIURPWKH9HQHWLDQVRIWVKHOOFUDE¿VKHU\ [email protected] which targets a closely related species, the native Mediterranean The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) is green crab (&DUFLQXVDHVWXDULL 7KLV¿VKHU\KLQJHVRQWKHDELOLW\ responsible for the stewardship and sustainability of the state’s ma- to recognize pre-molt crabs. Using external molt indicators, pre- ULQHDQGHVWXDULQHUHVRXUFHV7KH1&'0)DGPLQLVWHUVWKH6KHOO¿VK PROW JUHHQ FUDEV ZHUH VXFFHVVIXOO\ LGHQWL¿HG DW PXOWLSOH VWXG\ Lease Program through the Habitat and Enhancement Section for sites. Observations of caged pre-molt crabs resulted in an 82% WKHSXUSRVHVRIFRPPHUFLDOVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHZLWKLQWKH6WDWH molt success rate (i.e., crabs became soft-shell product). Long-term of North Carolina. monitoring sites were also established to study green crab popula- In North Carolina, the leasing of public trust bottom for the use tion dynamics, including observing spatial and temporal molt pat- RIVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHKDVEHHQDURXQGIRURYHU\HDUV7UD- WHUQVWKDWZHUHVXEVHTXHQWO\XVHGWRLQIRUP¿VKHU\GHYHORSPHQW ditionally, bottom leases were utilized to grow oysters on cultch, 7KH ¿VKHUPHQ ZRUNLQJ RQ WKLV SURMHFW EHJDQ VHOOLQJ VRIWVKHOO RUEHGFODPV7KHDELOLW\WROHDVHWKHZDWHUFROXPQIRUVKHOO¿VK green crabs to local restaurants for roughly $25USD/lb in 2018. aquaculture was enacted in 1989. However, it has been only recent- Ongoing research aims to increase production as well as determine O\WKDWWKLVW\SHRIOHDVLQJKDVH[SDQGHG7KHVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUH WKHHFRQRPLFYLDELOLW\RIWKLV¿VKHU\ industry has expanded tremendously over the last seven years in North Carolina. 6WDQGDUGVDQGUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUVKHOO¿VKOHDVHVLQ1RUWK&DUR- lina are mandated through general statutes and the North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission (NCMFC) has authority to devel- &203/(7,1* 7+( /,)( &<&/( 2) 43; (9,'(1&( RS UXOHV IRU VKHOO¿VK DTXDFXOWXUH )HGHUDO SHUPLWWLQJ IRU VKHOO- 2)=226325(6$1''(6&5,37,212)$1(:5(3/, ¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHLVUHTXLUHGE\WKH86$UP\&RUSVRI(QJLQHHUV &$7,213$7+:$< through the Nationwide Permit #48. &KULVWRSKHU%ULDQLN 6DEULQD*HUDFL

chytrids, however, lack of repeatability has left these observations 63$7,$/ '$7$ $1' 0(7+2'6 86(' ,1 3/$11,1* inconclusive and thought to be the result of contamination. By /$5*(6&$/(2<67(55(6725$7,21,17+(&+(6 modulating culture conditions, QPX zoospores have been success- $3($.(%$<86$ fully and reliably produced from both lines maintained in culture 'DYLG * %UXFH1 -RKQ 9 /D]DU2 $QGUHZ 0F*RZDQ2 DQG for extended periods, as well as newly isolated lines. In addition to 6WHSKDQLH5:HVWE\ WKHFRQ¿UPDWLRQRI]RRVSRUHVQHZVWDJHVLQ43;UHSOLFDWLRQZHUH 112$$&KHVDSHDNH%D\2I¿FH&RRSHUDWLYH2[IRUG/DERUDWR- DOVRREVHUYHG7KHIDFWRUVWKDWSULPDULO\LQÀXHQFH]RRVSRUXODWLRQ ry, 904 South Morris St., Oxford, MD 21654 in QPX include the removal of mucus from cultured cells, culture 212$$&KHVDSHDNH%D\2I¿FH'LQJHU5RDG$QQDSROLV age, and temperature. Preliminary infection trials using bath expo- MD 21402 sure demonstrated no direct infectivity of zoospores, implying that 3NOAA Restoration Center, 200 Harry S. Truman Parkway, An- additional stressors are required to produce successful infections, napolis, MD 21401 KRZHYHU WKLV UHTXLUHV IXUWKHU WHVWLQJ WR YDOLGDWH7KHVH ¿QGLQJV [email protected] provide valuable information on the basic biology of the parasite, In the Chesapeake Bay, Federal, State, and non-governmental enabling a better understanding of mechanisms controlling QPX organizations are planning and implementing ten large-scale oys- dynamics in the environment and in clams. ter restoration projects. There are two restoration methods: 1) construction of substrate reefs on non-shell seabed that are either seed- ed with hatchery oysters or depend on wild oyster settlement, or 2) augmentation of natural shell bottom with hatchery oysters alone. Planning sustainable, cost effective, and socially acceptable resto- 6,7,1*$/$5*(6&$/(/,9,1*6+25(/,1(2<67(5 ration requires spatial information that addresses physical, biolog- 5(()352-(&7,16287+&$52/,1$86$ ical, regulatory, and cultural constraints. Among these criteria are -R\%URZQ 0HOLVVD6WULFNODQGDQG1LFROH3HKO VHDEHGW\SHGHSWKR\VWHUDEXQGDQFHZDWHUTXDOLW\¿VKHU\PDQ- The Nature Conservancy, South Carolina Chapter, 1417 Stuart DJHPHQWQDYLJDWLRQKD]DUGVVKHOO¿VKVDQLWDWLRQSULYDWHSURSHUW\ Engals Blvd, Mt. Pleasant, SC 29464 FRQÀLFWVDQGSUHVHQFHRIDUFKDHRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHV,QVRPHFDVHV [email protected] these data are not current or do not exist for targeted tributaries, and Oyster reef based living shoreline (LS) projects have been in- must be acquired through surveys. Spatial data are used to create a stalled along the shores of many of the coastal states. In some cas- draft polygon-themed blueprint that designates location, area, and es, the projects have been on a large-scale with projects sized in restoration method for each site. Restoration planners and consult- acres verses feet. In South Carolina (SC), oyster reef restoration has ing scientists review the blueprint, and project maps are presented occurred since the late 1990s and have remained small with proj- at scoping meetings for public comment. When the review process ects ranging from approximately 50 – 250 feet for a single instal- LVFRPSOHWHYHUWH[FRRUGLQDWHVIURPWKH¿QDOEOXHSULQWDUHXVHGE\ lation. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is leading a siting effort to contractors to ensure that reef material and live oysters are placed identify a location for a large-scale LS project along the SC coast. in the correct location. Given the scale and complexity of these The intent is to identify a site between ½ - 1 acre in size with the projects, GIS has proven to be an indispensable tool for integrating priorities of reducing coastal impacts for socially and ecologically survey and restrictive datasets, creating restoration site boundaries, vulnerable areas. and supporting on-ground activities. Additionally, the geodatabase Living shoreline applications, using oyster reefs, are an evolv- environment has been valuable in documenting project progress ing and expanding option for managing estuarine shoreline erosion and monitoring results, and for sharing aggregated spatial data and associated loss of property and habitat. With historical trends in among restoration partners, researchers, and resource managers. population growth and urban expansion close to our state’s coastal environments, there is a likelihood of building engineered “gray LQIUDVWUXFWXUH´LQUHVSRQVHWRSUHVVXUHVRIVHDOHYHOULVHÀRRGLQJ aging infrastructure and proliferating development in sensitive or vulnerable areas. There is a growing interest in oyster reef-based LS projects to mimic natural features and functions that are constructed instead or in combination with gray infrastructure for managing shorelines. There is a knowledge gap in SC about the use of ODUJHVFDOH/671&LVLQLWLDWLQJWKH¿UVWSKDVHRIWKLVUHVHDUFKE\ siting such a project with the intended installation and monitoring WRRFFXUZLWKLQWKHQH[W¿YH\HDUV DO NOT CITE 56 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

5(),1,1*5(352'8&7,9($66(660(1735272&2/6 +2: '2 26+9 0,&529$5,$176 0($685( 83" $ 72 %(77(5 ,1)250 0$1$*(0(17 2) 7+( 6287+ /$%%$6(' &203$5,621 $021* 0,&529$5,$176 &$52/,1$ :+,7( 6+5,03 PENAEUS SETIFERUS $1'&2002186$2<67(563(&,(6 ),6+(5< &ROOHHQ$%XUJH1 09LFWRULD$JQHZ16XNDQ\D0'D\DO1 -HII)%UXQVRQ *UDKDP$:DJQHU(OL]DEHWK/*RRGLQJ 0 .DFKPDU1 &DURO\Q 6 )ULHGPDQ2 $UXQ . 'KDU /LR 0LFKDHO5.HQGULFNDQG3HWHU5.LQJVOH\6PLWK QHO 'pJUHPRQW4 %HQMDPLQ 0RUJD4 3HWHU .LUNODQG5 &KULV Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Depart- /DQJGRQ6%ODLQH6FKRRO¿HOG6.RQVWDQWLQ'LYLORY6DQG%UHWW ment of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, 'XPEDXOG7 Charleston, SC 29412 1University of Maryland Baltimore County, Institute of Marine [email protected] and Environmental Technology, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD The Atlantic white shrimp, 3HQDHXVVHWLIHUXV(Linnaeus, 1767), 21202 VXSSRUWV WKH KLJKHVW YDOXHG FRPPHUFLDO ¿VKHU\ LQ 6RXWK &DUROL- 2University of Washington, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sci- na with recent landings worth 5-8 million dollars. While annual ences, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98105 landings, particularly in the historically important fall season, have 3The University of Arizona, Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, trended downward in recent years, there has been a corresponding School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 1117 E increase in the harvest of larger, high-value shrimp in the spring Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85721 and early summer, when white shrimp spawning activity is at its 4Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Station La Tremblade, 17390 La peak. The SCDNR has the statutory authority to determine the Tremblade, France timing of commercial shrimp season openings and closures. The 5Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department season opening date in the spring is generally based on multiple of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia factors including winter water temperatures, the relative abun- 62UHJRQ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\+DW¿HOG0DULQH6FLHQFH&HQWHU dance of overwintering white shrimp documented from statewide SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365 ¿VKHULHVLQGHSHQGHQW PRQLWRULQJ DQG DGXOW IHPDOH UHSURGXFWLYH 786'$$56+DW¿HOG0DULQH6FLHQFH&HQWHU6(0DULQH status. Assessments of reproductive status using macroscopic Science Dr., Newport, OR, 97365 FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQVRIRYDULDQGHYHORSPHQWLQWKH¿HOGDUHEDVHGRQ [email protected] long-standing and commonly accepted descriptions. Since female $ WKUHDW WR JOREDO VKHOO¿VK DTXDFXOWXUH LQGXVWULHV LV 3DFL¿F white shrimp are iteroparous, spawning multiple times within a Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) caused by microvariants of season, macroscopic techniques should have the ability to discrim- the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1). POMS can kill all life stages LQDWH¿UVWWLPHVSDZQLQJIHPDOHVIURPWKRVHWKDWKDYHSUHYLRXVO\ RIWKH3DFL¿FR\VWHU&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV, and perhaps other bivalve VSDZQHG,QRUGHUWRLQFUHDVHFRQ¿GHQFHLQWKLVGLVWLQFWLRQPDF- species. Catastrophic impacts are associated with the global emer- roscopic determinations of shrimp reproductive status were com- gence and spread of POMS since 2008. Young spat of six oyster pared with histological assessments of spawning activity in white species grown in the United States (&JLJDV&VLNDPHD&YLU- shrimp ovarian tissues sampled in April and May 2019. Evidence JLQLFD&DULDNHQVLV, 2VWUHDHGXOLV, and 2OXULGD) were exposed of repeated spawning by individual females was documented. This in experimental challenges using OsHV-1 isolates from France, presentation will compare histological and macroscopic metrics of Australia, and San Diego, California or a control. &JLJDVand C. shrimp reproductive status and provide potential recommendations VLNDPHD families included both high and low performing lines and WR LQFUHDVH WKH FRQ¿GHQFH LQ SURWRFROV XVHG IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH important industry stocks from the Molluscan Broodstock Pro- opening of the commercial spring shrimp season in South Carolina. gram; single stocks each of &YLUJLQLFD, 2HGXOLV, and &DULDN- HQVLV were included. Low mortalities were observed in control oysters. Mortalities were observed in all oyster species exposed to the three viral variants; importantly some lines of &JLJDVand C. VLNDPHDKDGORZOHYHOVRIPRUWDOLW\WRDOOYLUXVHV2V+9VSHFL¿F quantitative PCR is being used to determine the viral loads in both living and dead oysters of all species. To summarize, experimental challenges of &UDVVRVWUHD spp. and 2VWUHD spp. using three different OsHV-1 isolates clearly shows a threat that POMS poses to oyster industries globally. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 57

$+$7&+(5<&(57,),&$7,21352*5$0)257+(,1 0$7(51$/$1'%(+$9,25$/,1)/8(1&(621/$5 7(567$7(75$16)(52)6+(//),6+6((' 9$/75$163257,1%/8(&5$%6 /LVD&DOYR1 .DUHQ+XGVRQ2'DYLG%XVKHN15\DQ&DUQH -RVHSK &DUDFDSSD 1 'DSKQH 0XQURH 5REHUW &KDQW DQG JLH2/RUL*XVWDIVRQ5REHUW5KHDXOW2DQG/XFDV0DU[HQ1 +HLGL)XFKV 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 1NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 Woods Hole, MA 02543 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, Glouces- 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ ter Point, VA 23062 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 3Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA APHIS 3Rutgers University, Department of Marine and Coastal Scienc- Veterinary Services, 2150 Centre Ave, Building B, Mail Stop es, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 2E6, Fort Collins, CO, 80526 [email protected] 4(DVW &RDVW 6KHOO¿VK *URZHUV$VVRFLDWLRQ :KLWHVYLOOH Blue crabs (&DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV VXSSRUWYDOXDEOH¿VKHULHVLQ Rd., Toms River, NJ 08755 the US mid-Atlantic, and their unpredictable and variable recruit- [email protected] ment suggests that a better understanding of larval development Interstate transfer of hatchery-raised seed has increased with and dispersal is still needed. Blue crab larval dispersal involves WKHH[SDQVLRQRIVKHOO¿VKIDUPLQJDORQJWKHHDVWFRDVWRIWKH86 export to the continental shelf followed by a re-entry of estuar- 6KHOO¿VKVHHGLPSRUWDWLRQSROLFLHVYDU\E\VWDWHEXWDOOUHTXLUHDQ ies. In the mid-AtlanticBight, transport is facilitated by wind and importation permit that involves a health examination of the stock buoyancy-driven surface currents, and zoeae generally maintain prior to transfer. Such examinations are costly and take special a near-surface distribution throughout their development. Though expertise and time. Furthermore, regulatory review adds additional several studies have investigated &VDSLGXV larval dispersal, none time delaying commerce and incurring additional costs to indus- have evaluated the effects of individual behavior. This study try. Because not all transfers pose health risks, a better protocol used observed brood-dependent larval behavior and an idealized is desirable. wind-driven estuarine plume to simulate larval transport and better 2YHU WKH FRXUVH RI VHYHUDO \HDUV VKHOO¿VK SDWKRORJLVWV VWDWH understand the biophysical interactions involved during &VDSLGXV UHJXODWRUV DQG VKHOO¿VK DTXDFXOWXULVWV KDYH FROODERUDWHG WR GH- dispersal. Model results showed that larval transport was predom- velop a program for certifying hatcheries as a means to improve LQDQWO\LQÀXHQFHGE\ZLQGVSHHGEXWEHKDYLRUDODQGEURRGOHYHO WKHSHUPLWWLQJSURFHVVIRULQWHUVWDWHWUDQVIHURIVKHOO¿VKVHHG7KH LQÀXHQFHVDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\DOWHUHGWUDMHFWRULHV)DVWHUVZLPPLQJ +DWFKHU\ &HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP UHOLHV RQ WKH \RXQJ DJH RI VHHG larvae were more able to maintain a near-surface position in the WKHKLJKOHYHORIZDWHU¿OWUDWLRQDQGDKLVWRU\RIFOHDQSDWKRORJ\ presence of turbulence, and in all model scenarios, larvae travelled WHVWVWRHQVXUHWKDWVHHGIURPFHUWL¿HGKDWFKHULHVDUHQRWFDUU\LQJ farther and had different vertical distributions than passive parti- pathogens of concern. The Program is voluntary for States and cles. Model results also showed that larval transport varied by a hatcheries and has three key requirements: 1) the hatchery must factor of 1.7 among broods and by a factor of 4.9 overall. These follow a set of Best Management Practices and submit to an annual results indicate that blue crab larval swimming behavior and vari- inspection of facilities and records, 2) the hatchery must have a ability in behavioral traits may be an important factor in larval history of three years of acceptable pathology reports, and 3) the dispersal. The inclusion of variable behavior should be carefully TXDOLI\LQJVHHGPXVWKDYHQHYHUEHHQH[SRVHGWRUDZXQ¿OWHUHG considered when developing future models. seawater. States and hatcheries that choose not to participate will continue to follow existing importation rules. The Program, which is targeted to be piloted in 2020, will support enhanced biosecurity while facilitating commerce. ),1',1*$)2&86216800(50257$/,7<,12<6 7(56 5\DQ%&DUQHJLH Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 [email protected] Parasitic diseases such as MSX and dermo are receding in sig- QL¿FDQFH ZLWK GLVHDVH UHVLVWDQFH DQG WROHUDQFH EHFRPLQJ PRUH widely established in wild and cultured eastern oyster (&UDVVRVW- UHDYLUJLQLFD) populations. Yet aquaculturists on the East and Gulf coasts of the US still are frequently challenged by high levels of DO NOT CITE 58 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

mortality in oysters approaching marketable size. Initially char- 5('0$1*529(6 RHIZOPHORA MANGLE 326,7,9( acterized as “triploid mortality” in oysters from the lower Chesa- /<,1)/8(1&(7+(($67(512<67(5 CRASSOSTREA peake Bay of Virginia, with late spring to early summer mortality VIRGINICA $/21*$1,17(57,'$/*5$',(17 typically reaching 30% but exceeding 85% in extreme cases, this 'LQRUDK+&KDFLQ 6XVDQ6%HOODQG&KULVWRSKHU'6WDOO mortality has remained enigmatic despite several studies beginning LQJV1 WRH[SORUHLWVQDWXUHDQGFDXVHV,WKDVGH¿HGFDVHGH¿QLWLRQZLWK 1University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 regard to associated pathology, geographic distribution, timing, and 7th Ave South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 even the ploidy and provenance (domesticated or wild) of oysters 2*XOI6KHOO¿VK,QVWLWXWH,QWHUPRGDO&LUFOH6XLWH3DO- affected. This presentation will review the perspective concerning metto, FL 34221 this summer mortality that can be gleaned from focused experimen- 3University of South Florida, Department of Integrative Biolo- tation in addition to dozens of commercial pathology submissions gy, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 and disease surveillance conducted each year. It will argue that both GFKDFLQ#JXOIVKHOO¿VKLQVWLWXWHRUJ more robust experimentation in areas including oyster physiology Desiccation stress tends to be higher in upper intertidal zones and nutrition and a broader epidemiological focus on potential fac- compared to lower ones; however, adjacent macrophytes may pro- tors underlying the mortality are necessary to better understand this YLGHVKDGHDPHOLRUDWLQJVWUHVVIXOFRQGLWLRQVWKXVSRVLWLYHO\LQÀX- phenomenon and identify possible solutions. encing associated organisms. The eastern oyster can form reefs and clusters on red mangrove prop roots and although oyster demographic rates across intertidal zones have been examined in reefs at higher latitudes, far less is known about them at subtropical locations where desiccation stress is expected to be greater due to $66(66,1* /$59$/ /2%67(5 '(16,7< ,1 %27+ ,1 higher temperatures. Furthermore, little is known about whether 6+25($1'2))6+25((19,5210(176 shade from mangrove canopies can reduce desiccation stress on .\OH&DVVLG\ $OH[DQGHU=\JPXQWDQG.HYLQ6WRNHVEXU\ oysters. This study addressed (a) how the density and survival of University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, School for Marine Sci- oysters varied along intertidal zones (bottom, middle, and top) on ence and Technology, 836 S. Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, prop roots and reefs and (b) whether the association of oysters with MA 02744 mangroves positively affected oysters at higher intertidal zones. [email protected] Experimental and observational approaches were used in Tampa The American lobster life cycle undergoes a planktonic phase Bay, Florida and water loss (a proxy for desiccation stress) was and develop through 4 stages before settling out in appropriate measured on both habitats. Compared to reefs, oysters on prop habitat. The southern New England lobster stocks abundance has URRWVZHUHDWVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUGHQVLWLHVKDGKLJKHUVXUYLYDODQG declined drastically. To assess the reproductive success of the were exposed to fewer predator species. In addition, water loss was population, larval studies have been used to estimate the density VLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHURQWKHSURSURRWVFRPSDUHGWRUHHIV7KHUHVXOWV DQGQXPEHURIQHZODUYDOWKDWFRXOGSRWHQWLDOO\HQWHUWKH¿VKHU\ RIWKLVVWXG\VXJJHVWWKDWR\VWHUVPD\EHQH¿WIURPLWVDVVRFLDWLRQ Historically inshore areas have served as habitat for larval lobster, to red mangroves via decreased exposure to predators and reduced studies conducted from 1976 to 1982 by the MADMF and NMFS desiccation stress. As temperature increases due to climate change, provided baseline data for larval density within Buzzards Bay, MA, mangroves may provide a desiccation refuge for associated oys- USA. These studies were repeated with similar methods in 2006- ters, thus red mangroves should be considered in oyster restoration 2007, and 2017-2018. At each subsequent survey time period re- efforts. sults indicated a decline in most larval stages. These results are supported by the decreased number of egg bearing females captured in inshore ventless trap surveys conducted from 2005 to 2008 and from 2013 to 2014. The lobster stock has re-distribution to offshore grounds. Now these grounds could potentially be impacted by the proposed development of offshore wind. As part of an environmental impact assessment neuston net larval sampling has been conducted in these offshore areas. Results indicate lower larval lobster density than found inshore. This may represent changes in the stock or could be an artifact of more expansive habitat, but WKLVUHVHDUFKSURYLGHVWKH¿UVWGDWDIRUDEDVHOLQHLQWKHVHDUHDV DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 59

$'9$1&,1* 68%0(5*(' 0866(/ )$50,1* 7(&+ 0866(/6 )25 &/($1 :$7(5 ,1,7,$7,9( (;3$1' 12/2*,(672$//(9,$7((,'(5'8&.35('$7,21 ,1*:$7(5),/75$7,216&,(1&(%(<21'6$/7:$ 0LFKDHO'&KDPEHUV1 05REHUWVRQ6ZLIW23HWH)ODQLJDQ 7(5 $1' ,172 )5(6+:$7(5 (&26<67(06 2) 7+( 9LQQLH3ULHQDQG&KULV'XII\4 0,'$7/$17,& 1University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, 164 Morse .XUW0&KHQJ 'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU$QJHOD73DGHOHWWLDQG Hall, Durham, NH 03824 0DWW-*HQWU\ 2University of New Hampshire, Kingsbury Hall Rm W115, Partnership for the Delaware Estuary 110 South Poplar Street, Durham, NH 03824 Suite 202, Wilmington, DE 19801 3Isle of Shoal Mariculture, 6 Stonewall Lane, Rye, NH 03870 [email protected] 4Regional Economic Development Corporation, 74 High Street, 6FLHQWLVWV DWWULEXWH ¿OWHUIHHGLQJ ELYDOYHV VXFK DV WKH HDVWHUQ Stratham, NH 03885 oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) and the blue mussel (0\WLOXVHGXOLV), [email protected] with providing valuable ecosystem services where abundant. One Demand for blue mussels (0\WLOXVHGXOLV) continues to increase highly valued ecosystem service that they furnish is their ability HDFK\HDUGXHWRWKHLUXQLTXHÀDYRU2PHJDIDWW\DFLGSUR¿OHDQG WR¿OWHURXWSDUWLFXODWHPDWWHULQFOXGLQJQXWULHQWODGHQSROOXWDQWV KHDOWKEHQH¿WV0RUHWKDQRIPXVVHOVFRQVXPHGLQWKH86DUH Most efforts to restore and enhance bivalve populations for eco- imported from New Zealand and Canada. The majority are pro- system services focus on saltwater species, especially those that duced in Prince Edward Island, Canada totaling more than 20,000 are commercially valuable and well studied. In contrast, freshwa- tons/year. So why not grow more mussels in the US? One reason is ter mussels have limited commercial value and are relatively un- that permitting in state and federal waters is complicated. In areas der-studied and unknown to the public. Most interest in freshwater where permitting challenges have been overcome, a second barrier mussels has been to conserve their biodiversity because >70% of to production is predation by Eider ducks (6RPDWHULDPROOLVVLPD). the 300 North American species are considered imperiled. Thank- $VPDOOÀRFNFDQGHFLPDWHDIDUPLQDVKRUWSHULRGRIWLPH$O- IXOO\WKLVLQWHUHVWKDVVSXUUHGVFLHQWL¿FDGYDQFHVLQWKHKDWFKHU\ though sea ducks generally prefer to dive in shallow water (<10 propagation and restoration of freshwater mussels. Recent research m deep), some species routinely dive to >30 m. Duck predation KDVDOVRFRQ¿UPHGWKDWIUHVKZDWHUPXVVHOVSURYLGHVLPLODUHFRORJ- has become a major constraint to mussel farmers along the eastern LFDOEHQH¿WVWRVDOWZDWHUVSHFLHVFRPPHQVXUDWHZLWKWKHLUSRSXOD- seaboard from Rhode Island to Canada. tion abundance. Consequently, there is emerging interest in restor- To overcome this impediment, funding was secured from NOAA ing and enhancing populations of native mussel species to promote Saltonstall-Kennedy to investigate predator proof net materials on water quality and other ecosystem services in freshwater areas of submerged mussel lines. New Hampshire Sea Grant and Isle of WKHPLG$WODQWLFUHJLRQRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV6SHFL¿FDOO\DVSDUWRI Shoals Mariculture (ISM) have explored six different net materials the new Mussels for Clean Water Initiative (MuCWI), a freshwater to protect mussels. Since 2012, ISM has maintained 6-8 mussel mussel hatchery and associated pond-rearing facilities are being lines 5 km offshore of Rye, New Hamphire. Submerged technology constructed to focus on propagating common species of freshwa- was chosen to escape wave energy (> 10 m) from northeast storms. ter mussels of the Delaware and Susquehanna River Basins, and Every winter the mussels would go missing presumably due to win- vicinity. The top goal of MuCWI will be to aid in the recovery of ter weather events shaking the mussels from the line. Upon further functional dominant mussel species that furnish the greatest bene- inspection, the cause was found to be the Eider ducks that migrate ¿WVWRZDWHUTXDOLW\ through the area in December. Protective nets were placed around the mussel droppers in October for the last two years. This summer ,60ZDVDEOHWREULQJWKHLUPXVVHOVWRPDUNHWIRUWKH¿UVW time. Different net materials, costs, and handling of the materials will be shared.

DO NOT CITE 60 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

2%/,*$7($1')$&8/7$7,9()$&,/,7$7,212)6($ 2<67(5 %5($.:$7(5 5(()6 352027($'-$&(17 *5$66(6%<&+(026<0%,27,&%,9$/9(6 08')/$767$%,/,7<$1'6$/70$56+*52:7+,1$ 'LDQD:&KLQ -LPP\GH)RXZ7MLVVHYDQGHU+HLGH 0216221'20,1$7('68%7523,&$/&2$67 %ULDQQD9&DKLOO.HYLQ.DWFKHU79DOHULH-3DXO2-XVWLQ( 0RKDPPHG 6KDK 1DZD] &KRZGKXU\ %UHQGD :DOOHV1 &DPSEHOODQG%UDGOH\-3HWHUVRQ1 606KDULIX]]DPDQ06KDKDGDW+RVVDLQ7RP

DIIRUGHGSURMHFWLRQIURP¿VKLQJSUHVVXUH+RZHYHULWLVXQFOHDU water by assessing cardiac activity, aerobic and anaerobic capacity how well the analytical models that underpin this strategy hold un- (citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, re- der conditions that deviate from long-term averages, such as the spectively) at the subcellular level. Subtidal mussels were affected high-density recruitment events observed in 2012 in the Nantucket by warming when submerged in water (decreased heart rate) but Lightship and 2013 in the Elephant Trunk. The scallops at these showed no effect in air. In contrast, intertidal mussels were affected sites have persisted at high densities and appear to be exhibiting by exposure to air (increased anaerobic capacity) but not by warm- varying degrees of impacted performance, resulting in organisms ing. Overall, physiological responses of mussels to thermal stress that are smaller than expected for their age. The effect of scal- were dependent on their tidal habitat. These results highlight the lop density on growth, yield, and reproduction was investigated importance of considering the natural habitat of mussels when as- through eight trips to each area with sampling at 21 sites divided sessing their responses to environmental challenges. among high, medium, and low-density scallop beds. In addition to total catch and length data, 30 scallops were retained at each site to determine meat, viscera, and gonad weights along with sex, reproductive stage, and meat quality. The relationship between shell height and meat weight, a measure of yield, was estimated via gen- ())(&762)0,&523/$67,&6217+(*870,&52%, HUDOL]HGOLQHDUPL[HGPRGHOV5HSURGXFWLYHHIIRUWZDVTXDQWL¿HGDV 20(2)7+(%/8(0866(/MYTILUS EDULIS the ratio of gamete production estimated as gonad weight to total +DQQDK,&ROOLQV %ULGJHW$+RORKDQ7\OHU:*ULI¿QDQG production including meat weight and viscera weight to determine -(YDQ:DUG how reproductive effort changes with population density. For both University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, metrics, scallops at high densities had lower performance than 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 those at medium or low densities, which is consistent with a density [email protected] dependent effect as resources become limiting. Microplastics are a ubiquitous emerging contaminant in the marine environment. As a result of their small size and global distribution, microplastics represent a potential threat to many marine species, including suspension-feeding bivalves. Microplastics may act as a vector for foreign or pathogenic microbial species, nega- +$%,7$7 7<3( ,1)/8(1&(6 3+<6,2/2*,&$/ 5( WLYHO\LQÀXHQFLQJWKHELYDOYHKRVWDVVRFLDWHGJXWPLFURELRPH7KLV 63216( 2) $1 ,19$6,9( 0866(/ MYTILUS GALLO- microbial community has been shown to aid in digestion, mediate PROVINCIALIS abiotic stressors, and affect host immunity in many species, and &KULVWLQD/&ROOLQV11LFKRODV3%XUQHWW20DWWKHZ-5DP may perform similar functions in the blue mussel, 0\WLOXVHGXOLV. VH\1.DLWO\Q:DJQHU1DQG0DFNHQ]LH/=LSSD\1 Thus, changes in the gut microbiome may have far reaching effects 1Sonoma State University, Department of Biology, 1801 E. Co- on organismal health. To test the question of whether or not mi- tati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 croplastic exposure effects the gut microbiome of the blue mussel, 2University of California, Davis, Department of Neurobiology, DQLPDOVZHUHH[SRVHGWRDJHGQ\ORQPLFUR¿EHUV OHQJWK ȝP Physiology, and Behavior, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 GLDPHWHU ȝP RUDJHGJURXQG6SDUWLQDDOWHUQLÀRUDSDUWLFOHV [email protected] for 21 days. 6SDUWLQD particles were of comparable size to the ny- Many marine species can survive in both subtidal habitats, ORQ¿EHUVDQGZHUHXVHGWRFRQWUROIRUWKHSUHVHQFHRILQGLJHVWLEOH where they experience constant submersion, and in intertidal habi- particles. Genomic DNA was extracted from gut tissue samples tats, where they experience regular periods of aerial exposure. Dif- and sequenced using 16S high throughput techniques to determine ferent tidal locations can contribute to shifts in an organism’s phys- community taxonomic composition. Gut microbial communities of LRORJLFDOSHUIRUPDQFHDQGLQÀXHQFHWKHVXUYLYDODQGXOWLPDWHO\ PXVVHOVH[SRVHGWRPLFURSODVWLFVGLGQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUIURP geographic distribution of an organism. Therefore, understanding FRQWURO DQG ¿HOGFROOHFWHG PXVVHOV +RZHYHU WKH JXW PLFUREL- how marine invertebrates, such as mussels, respond to thermal al communities of mussels exposed to 6SDUWLQD particles differed stress by altering their physiology at the organismal and subcellular IURPDOORWKHUWUHDWPHQWJURXSV7KHUHIRUHQ\ORQPLFUR¿EHUV level can inform us about how thermal stress affects important eco- ȝPLQOHQJWKPD\QRWDGYHUVHO\FKDQJHWKHJXWPLFURELRPHRIWKH system engineer species like 0\WLOXVJDOORSURYLQFLDOLV. This mussel blue mussel. has invaded many shorelines around the world and its propensity to invade new locations has made it a model organism for studying how organisms can respond and adapt to environmental challenges, like thermal stress. The objective was to understand how tidal habitat affects mussel physiology by measuring within-population responses to DOthermal stress when exposed to air andNOT submerged in CITE 62 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

35(9$/(1&( 2) 3$7+2*(1,& VIBRIO PARAHAEMO- 2<67(5'(1,75,),&$7,21$6$%(670$1$*(0(17 LYTICUS$1' VIBRIO VULNIFICUS ,1 2<67(56 +$5 35$&7,&( 9(67(',11(:3257%$<&$/,)251,$86$ -HIIUH\ & &RUQZHOO1 0LFKDHO 6 2ZHQV1 0 /LVD .HOORJJ2 (PLO\ 0 &RRNVH\1 $PLW\ =LPPHU)DXVW2 5DFKHO 'LQHU2 DQG-XOLH5HLFKHUW1JX\HQ -RVK6WHHO2-RKQ*ULI¿WK2DQG0DUF9HUKRXJKVWUDHWH1 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 1Univeristy of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zukerman College of Pub- Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horn Pt. Road, Cambridge, MD lic Health, 2195 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724 21613 2Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Har- 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 Greate Road, bor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 Gloucester Point, VA, 23062 [email protected] 312$$&KHVDSHDNH%D\2I¿FH+DUU\67UXPDQ3DUNZD\ Infections from 9LEULRSDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV and 9YXOQL¿FXV are Room 460, Annapolis, MD 21401 the leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States, [email protected] and have been increasing over the past decade. As 9LEULR is natu- While nitrogen in oyster biomass has been approved by the rally occurring in brackish water, it is imperative to understand the Chesapeake Bay Program as a Best Management Practice (BMP) prevalence of 9LEULR to better quantify human health risk associ- to meet nitrogen reduction targets, the establishment of “enhanced” ated with the consumption of oysters. Given a majority of 9LEULR PLFURELDO GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ DV D %03 LV VRPHZKDW PRUH FRPSOH[ research is conducted on the East and Gulf Coast of the United Studies in New England and in the mid-Atlantic region have es- States, this study provides a unique insight into 9LEULR populations tablished that oyster reefs greatly increase benthic respiration and in Southern California. In this study, the prevalence of 9SDUDKDH- GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ'HYHORSLQJD%03IRUR\VWHUHQKDQFHGGHQLWUL¿FD- PRO\WLFXVand 9YXOQL¿FXV and associated toxin genes was quanti- tion is limited by relatively few data, variable technical approach- ¿HGLQZDWHUDQGGHSOR\HGR\VWHUV &UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV) in Newport es, and variability between different reef environments. This pre- Bay, CA. VHQWDWLRQZLOOGLVFXVVWKDWVWDWHRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ Oysters (n = 720) were depurated, deployed, and collected enhancement in reef and engineered structures and identify how from 12 sites within Newport Bay over a six-week period between GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQPLJKWEHWUDQVODWHGIURPDVFLHQWL¿FDQGPHDVXUH- August 2019 and September 2019. Water samples (n = 72) were ment framework to one in which the defensible quantitation of de- collected concurrently. Oyster and water samples were evaluated QLWUL¿FDWLRQFDQEHXVHGDVD%03&RQVLGHUDWLRQVLQFOXGHGDWD for pathogenic 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV(tdh and trh) and9YXOQL¿FXV DYDLODELOLW\ YDOLGLW\ RI GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ PHDVXUHPHQW DSSURDFKHV (vcgC and vcgE) genes utilizing culture-based and qPCR methods. LQÀXHQFHRIR\VWHUUHHIELRPDVVRQGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQUDWHVDQGKRZ Potentially pathogenic 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV and 9YXOQL¿FXV have GDWDFDQEHXVHGWRGHYHORSVLWHVSHFL¿FGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQUDWHVWREH EHHQLGHQWL¿HGLQR\VWHUDQGZDWHUVDPSOHV3RWHQWLDOO\SDWKRJHQ- incorporated into watershed implementation plans. ic 9YXOQL¿FXV has been detected at a greater frequency in water VDPSOHV6SHDUPDQUDQNFRUUHODWLRQVFRHI¿FLHQWVZLOOEHXVHGWR assess the correlation between 9LEULR population and environmen- WDOSDUDPHWHUV7KLVVWXG\LVRQHRIWKH¿UVWWRHYDOXDWHOHYHOVRIV. SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV and 9YXOQL¿FXV in oysters harvested in Southern California.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 63

7+( %$7+<0(75,& /(9(/ ,1'8&(6 $ 0(7$%2/,& (0(5*,1*3$&,),&2<67(56800(50257$/,7<,1 5(63216( ,1 CRASSOSTREA GIGAS 7+$7 3527(&76 %5,7,6+ &2/80%,$ &$1$'$ ,6$662&,$7(':,7+ )520'($7+,1'8&('%<7+(0$5,1(9,58626+9 VIBRIO 6337(03(5$785($1'5(352'8&7,9('( &KDUORWWH &RUSRUHDX1 )DEULFH 3HUQHW1 %UXQR 3HWWRQ1 9(/230(17 &ODXGLH 4XpUp1 9DOpULDQ /H 5R\1 &KULVWLQH 'XEUHXLO1 5R 0&RZDQ7*UHHQ3GHOD%DVWLGH17)LQVWRQ1*0H\ PDLQ 9LODoD1 )DQQ\ /DQJORLV1 6pEDVWLHQ$UWLJDXG2 9LDQQH\ HU2%0F$PPRQG4 3LFKHUHDX2DQG6DQGUD/DFD*HUYDLV -9DQ+DPPH4(%RWWRV4:+LQW]150DUVKDOO5DQG&0 1Équipe soutenue par la fondation ARC, Ifremer, UMR 3HDUFH2 LEMAR 6539 CNRS-UBO-IRD-Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences 1University of Victoria, Department of Biology & Centre for de l’environnement marin, 29280 Plouzané, France Forest Biology, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Can- 2UBO, UMR LEMAR 6539 CNRS-UBO-IRD-Ifremer, Labo- ada ratoire des sciences de l’environnement marin, 29280 Plouzané, 2)LVKHULHVDQG2FHDQV&DQDGD3DFL¿F%LRORJLFDO6WDWLRQ France Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada 3UFR Sciences-Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée 39DQFRXYHU,VODQG8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUHIRU6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK (CCMA), Membre de la plateforme IBISA MICA-BIO, Université Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 900 Fifth Street, Nanai- GH1LFH6R¿D$QWLSROLV)UDQFH mo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada [email protected] 4Thompson Rivers University, Department of Biological Sci- OsHV-1 is responsible for up to 80% of mortality of juvenile ences, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada oyster, &UDVVRWUHD JLJDV in cultured conditions. There are numer- 5SFCC Compliance Canada LTD., 2930 York Crescent, Nanai- ous studies on this virus and its interaction with oysters, but some mo, BC, V9T 4N6, Canada gaps still remain. An interesting mechanism was discovered by our [email protected] team in 2014, namely that the virus OsHV-1 induced a metabolic &XOWXUHG3DFL¿FR\VWHUV &UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV) in Baynes Sound, reprogramming in & JLJDV that mimics certain particularities of British Columbia, Canada have experienced summer mass mortal- cancerous cells metabolism. & JLJDV lives in the intertidal zone ity events in recent years with cumulative mortalities exceeding is widely distributed and face a great number of different condi- 90% at some sites in 2015 and 2016. In 2017, 9LEULRspp. were iso- tions during its lifetime. In the tidal area, its environment changes ODWHGIURPR\VWHUVDQGSXWDWLYHO\LGHQWL¿HGSRWHQWLDOO\SDWKRJHQLF drastically from marine to aerial, with large variations in terms of species, based on UHF$ gene sequencing; among the 163 isolates, V. temperature, pH, oxygen and nutrients availability. Oyster is thus DHVWXDULDQXV and 9KDUYH\Lwere well-represented. The objective a good model species to study how the environmental factors can RIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\ZDVWRLGHQWLI\IDFWRUVLQÀXHQFLQJWKHRQVHW impact the metabolism and how it can modify the interaction with RIDPRUWDOLW\HYHQWLQMXYHQLOH3DFL¿FR\VWHUVGXULQJWKHVXPPHU 2V+9,QWKLVVWXG\MXYHQLOHR\VWHUVZHUHGHSOR\HGLQWKH¿HOGDW of 2018. Mortality, growth, gonad development, temperature, tur- three bathymetric levels in the Bay of Brest, a location with a large bidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, plankton assemblages, and prevalence of OsHV-1. The environmental factors in the local envi- bacterial community composition were recorded. The study site ronment of oysters were followed using instrumental sensors. The contained four replicate trays of four stocking densities: 150, 300, physiological performances of oysters were analysed, revealing an DQGR\VWHUVWUD\0RUWDOLW\ZDV¿UVWREVHUYHGRQ-XO\ extended survival rate at the upper level, despite a similar virus which coincided with a marine heatwave. It was observed that 9LE- load. The metabolic reprogramming induced in oysters in function ULRDHVWXDULDQXV and the proportion of 9LEULRVSSTXDQWL¿HGXVLQJ of the bathymetric level was analyzed at the cellular and biochem- qPCR and community 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively, ical level. Results highlighted the absence of apoptosis in oysters increased with mortality rate. Mortality rates were at their highest at the upper level despite their infection by OsHV-1. These results on August 12 and systemic mixed microbial infections in histolog- will be discussed, in relation with the particular metabolism repro- ical cross sections of oysters that otherwise appeared healthy were graming in oyster and the possible outcome for cancer research. REVHUYHG7KH¿QDOFXPXODWLYHPRUWDOLWLHVUDQJHGIURPWR ZLWKWKHKLJKHVWGHQVLW\WUD\VKDYLQJVLJQL¿FDQWO\ORZHUPRUWDOLW\ WKDQWKHORZHVWGHQVLW\WUD\V6LJQL¿FDQWGHQVLW\GHSHQGHQWHIIHFWV were also observed for oyster size and gonad development. The long-term persistent ocean warming and increased frequency of marine heatwaves associated with climate change are likely contributing to the emergence of summer mortality and pathogenic 9LEULRspp. in Baynes Sound. DO NOT CITE 64 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

())(&762)%,77(5&5$%',6($6(217+(*(1((; KROGVHFRQRPLFUHFUHDWLRQDODQGFXOWXUDOVLJQL¿FDQFHLQWKHUHJLRQ 35(66,212)$/$6.$7$11(5&5$%6 Despite its importance, very little is known about Dungeness crab *UDFH&UDQGDOO1 3DP-HQVHQ26DP:KLWH1DQG6WHYHQ5RE recruitment patterns, population structures, and life history in the HUWV1 waters off Washington state, particularly in the Salish Sea. Current- 1University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sci- O\WKH¿VKHU\LVPDQDJHGEDVHGRQ¿VKHU\GHSHQGHQWGDWDLQZKLFK ences, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 harvest quota in a given year is determined by a running average of 2 National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science KDUYHVWIURP\HDUVSULRU7KHODFNRI¿VKHU\LQGHSHQGHQWLQIRUPD- Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 WLRQOLPLWVWKHDELOLW\RI¿VKHU\PDQDJHUVWRUHDFWWRFKDQJLQJRFHDQ [email protected] conditions and could leave Dungeness crab populations vulnerable. Alaska Tanner crabs (&KLRQRHFHWHVEDLUGL) are a coldwater crab In order to address these data limitations and ultimately improve species found in the Bering Sea, along the Gulf of Alaska, and RXU DELOLW\ WR PDNH VFLHQWL¿FDOO\VRXQG VXVWDLQDEOH PDQDJHPHQW southeastern Alaska. The southern stocks supported a $21 million GHFLVLRQVWKH3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW&UDE5HVHDUFK*URXS 3&5* ZDV ¿VKHU\LQEXWZDUPLQJZDWHUVDQGGLVHDVHKDYHEHHQWKUHDW- formed in December of 2018. The PCRG is a unique cooperative re- HQLQJ WKHLU QXPEHUV DV ZHOO DV WKH LQGXVWU\¶V SUR¿WV %LWWHU FUDE search group comprised of representatives from Washington tribes, GLVHDVHLVFDXVHGE\DSDUDVLWLFGLQRÀDJHOODWHRIWKHJHQXV+HP- VWDWHDQGIHGHUDODJHQFLHVQRQSUR¿WRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGXQLYHUVLWLHV DWRGLQLXP, and is considered to be the “principal threat” to crab This presentation will provide an overview of the PCRG mission, stocks by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Aside from its JRDOVDQGUHVHDUFKSULRULWLHV$GGLWLRQDOO\DQRYHUYLHZRIWKH¿UVW causing the crabs to become lethargic, among other signs, it renders statewide PCRG cooperative study will be described, in which 16 their meat bitter and chalky. Due to this, the crab industry has been PCRG partners deployed 17 light traps throughout Washington wa- suffering from the loss of marketable product. It is not known how ters to monitor Dungeness crab megalopae from April to September the disease is transmitted, or if it is fatal. It would be useful to have 2019. Lastly, the potential for future projects and avenues to get a better grasp of how the parasite affects its host on a molecular lev- involved with the PCRG will be discussed. el, and how temperature may impact that interaction, which is what this study set out to do. Infected and uninfected crabs were held in WDQNVRYHUWKHFRXUVHRIZHHNVDWDPELHQW Û& FROG Û& DQGZDUP Û& WHPSHUDWXUHVDQGWKHLUKHPRO\PSKZDVVDPSOHG at three time points. From these samples, crab genes involved in 29(59,(:2)7+()/25,'$$48$8&8/785(/($6 LPPXQH UHVSRQVH DQG WHPSHUDWXUH UHVSRQVH ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG$G- ,1*352*5$0 GLWLRQDOO\SDUDVLWHJHQHVZHUHLGHQWL¿HG7KHVHGDWDZLOOSURYLGH &KDUOLH0&XOSHSSHU,,, important insight into the linkages between bitter crab disease, cli- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Di- mate change, and pathogenicity. vision of Aquaculture, 600 South Calhoun St., #217, Tallahassee, FL 32399 [email protected] This presentation will provide an overview of the Florida shell- ¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\DQGOHDVLQJDQGSHUPLWWLQJVWUXFWXUHIRU 3$&,),& 1257+:(67 &5$% 5(6($5&+ *5283 VKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHLQVWDWHZDWHUV,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWLQ &/26,1*&5,7,&$/'81*(1(66&5$%'$7$*$36,1 Florida, all aspects of aquaculture leasing in state waters are man- :$6+,1*721:$7(56 aged by a singular regulatory agency, the Florida Department of $QJHOD&UX]1 -XOLH%DUEHU21HLO+DUULQJWRQ(OL]DEHWK7R Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Aquaculture. The ELQDQG.DWHO\Q%RVOH\4 'LYLVLRQRI$TXDFXOWXUHUHJXODWHVVKHOO¿VKKDUYHVWLQJDUHDVVKHOO- 13DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW&UDE5HVHDUFK*URXS+XGVRQ6WUHHW ¿VKSURFHVVLQJIDFLOLWLHVDQGDGPLQLVWUDWHVDOODTXDFXOWXUHOHDVHVLQ Port Townsend, WA 98368 the state and possess a unique programmatic general permit from 2Swinomish Indian Tribal Community Fisheries, 11426 Moor- the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This governmental structure age Way, La Conner, WA 98257 provides a streamlined permitting and regulatory system that pro- 3Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe Natural Resource Department, motes the growth of the industry, while also ensuring public safety 1033 Old Blyn Hwy, Seqium, WA 98382 and environmental sustainability. Following an industry summary, 4Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 375 Hudson details regarding state agency programs, federal permitting, the Street, Port Townsend, WA 98368 submerged land lease application and approval process, lease reg- [email protected] ulations and conditions, and industry development activities will Dungeness crab (0HWDFDUFLQXV PDJLVWHU) is one of the most be covered. highly-valued marine species in Washington state. This decapod FUXVWDFHDQIRUPVWKHIRXQGDWLRQRIORFDO¿VKLQJFRPPXQLWLHVDQGDO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 65

())(&762)%8))(5,1*08'6:,7+&$/&,80&$5 and estuarine habitats in several Oregon estuaries These surveys %21$7(21*52:7+$1'6859,9$/2)7+(1257+ KDYH LGHQWL¿HG WKUHH NH\ LQWHUWLGDO KDELWDW W\SHV ZKLFK GLIIHU LQ (5148$+2* +$5'&/$0 MERCENARIA MERCE- VKHOO¿VK VSHFLHV FRPSRVLWLRQ DEXQGDQFH DQG UHODWLYH ELRPDVV NARIA eelgrass (=RVWHUDPDULQD) beds, unvegetated regions with coarse 7LPRWK\3&XUWLQ 1LOV9RONHQERUQ,DQ'Z\HUDQG&KULVWR sediments (e.g., gravel and cobble), and unvegetated areas with SKHU-*REOHU ¿QHUVHGLPHQWV HJVDQGDQGVLOW 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVVWXG\ZDV Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric WZRIROG WRFRPSDUHWKHVKHOO¿VKFRPPXQLW\FRPSRVLWLRQDQG Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968 distribution among these habitat types in two Oregon estuaries that [email protected] differ in size, geomorphology, and distribution of abiotic and biotic The northern quahog (= hard clam) (0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD) IHDWXUHVDQG HYDOXDWHVKHOO¿VKKDELWDWDVVRFLDWLRQVDQGLGHQWL- KLVWRULFDOO\VXSSRUWHGDODUJHFRPPHUFLDOVKHOO¿VKHU\LQWKHFRDVW- fy potential driving factors of distribution for recreationally and al waters on the south shore of Long Island, New York (NY), but commercially targeted bay clams: cockles (&OLQRFDUGLXPQXWWDOOLL), was heavily depleted due to overharvesting in the 1980s and has gaper clams (7UHVXV FDSD[), butter clams (6D[LGRPXV JLJDQWHD), QHYHUUHFRYHUHG:KLOHVKHOO¿VKUHVWRUDWLRQHIIRUWVKDYHDWWHPSWHG and littleneck clams (/HXNRPDVWDPLQHD). A combination of spatial to restore the population, efforts have faced multiple challenges in- analysis techniques and multivariate approaches were used to eval- FOXGLQJDFLGL¿HGVHGLPHQWVWKDWSURPRWHVKHOOGLVVROXWLRQ0XGG\ uate a suite of habitat and environmental variables (e.g. vegetation, sediments with high organic matter input can have pH values far grain size, substrate composition, temperature, tidal elevation) to lower than the overlying water that can yield negative impacts on identify variables that can be used to predict distribution and pres- the growth and survival of juvenile quahogs. A potential mitigation ence of managed clam species within and among estuaries. Bay strategy for this is the addition of crushed bivalve shell to mud- clams are managed as a unit in Oregon and these results will inform dy sediments to buffer the pH and carbonate chemistry. To eval- management decisions and policy development pertaining to har- XDWHWKHHI¿FDF\RIWKLVDSSURDFKDFRPELQDWLRQRIODEDQG¿HOG vest, critical habitats, and land development. experiments were used to investigate the effects of shell addition to sediments on the growth and survival of juvenile quahogs. Lab experiments involved introducing larval or juvenile stage quahogs to muddy sediments that were either buffered with bivalve shell RUXQDOWHUHG6KHOODPHQGHGWUHDWPHQWV\LHOGHGVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDV- /$5*(6&$/( 029(0(176 2) 63$:1,1* )(0$/( HVLQS+ XQLWV DVZHOODVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUJURZWKDQG %/8(&5$%6,17+(*8/)2)0(;,&2$*8/):,'( survival in the shell buffered mud compared to the unaltered con- 0$5.5(&$3785(678'< trols (p<0.05). Similar ecosystem-based experiments took place in 0=DFKDU\'DUQHOO DQG$GDP$.HPEHUOLQJ Shinnecock Bay, NY, with juvenile quahogs (2-10 mm) planted in The University of Southern Mississippi, Division of Coastal shell-amended sediment or unaltered mud. These experiments also Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, 703 E. Beach VDZVLJQL¿FDQWO\HOHYDWHGS+VXUYLYDODQGJURZWKLQWKHVKHOODO- Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564 tered treatments compared to the control (p<0.05), as well as sig- [email protected] QL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHGVHWWOHPHQWRIVRPHFDOFLI\LQJELYDOYHV p<0.05). %OXHFUDEVVXSSRUWYDOXDEOHFRPPHUFLDO¿VKHULHVLQWKH*XOIRI Mexico, although recent stock assessment and management efforts have been hindered by a lack of understanding of the stock structure and boundaries of this migratory species. Mature female blue crabs undertake a seaward spawning migration that can span hun- (9$/8$7,1*7+(86(2)08/7,9$5,$7($3352$&+ dreds of kilometers. The scale, duration, and extent of this migra- (6 72 35(',&7 +$%,7$7 $662&,$7,216 2) 6+(// tion determines spawning locations and thus connectivity patterns, ),6+&20081,7,(6,125(*21(678$5,(6 as dispersal is largely determined by local wind and current move- $QWKRQ\)'¶$QGUHD ments during the zoeal stages. To better understand the large-scale Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Resources movements of female blue crabs within and among estuaries and Program, 2040 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365 offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico, a Gulf-wide mark-recapture [email protected] study was conducted. Over three years, approximately 20,000 ma- 6KHOO¿VK FRPPXQLWLHV LQ 3DFL¿F 1RUWKZHVW HVWXDULHV XWLOL]H WXUHIHPDOHEOXHFUDEVZHUHWDJJHGDFURVVWKH¿YH*XOIVWDWHVIURP a number of different habitat types. These habitats are heteroge- Lower Laguna Madre, TX to Steinhatchee, FL. This tagging effort neous in Oregon estuaries and vary greatly from bay to bay creating involved collaboration between university researchers, commercial FKDOOHQJHVIRUPDQDJHPHQWRIVKHOO¿VKUHVRXUFHV6LQFHWKH and recreational crabbers, and multiple state management agen- 6KHOO¿VKDQG(VWXDULQH$VVHVVPHQWRI&RDVWDO2UHJRQ 6($&25 cies. Recapture information was provided by commercial and rec- SURMHFW KDV FRQGXFWHGDO H[WHQVLYH VXUYH\V RI VKHOO¿VKNOT SRSXODWLRQV CITE 66 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

UHDWLRQDOFUDEEHUVVKULPSHUV¿VKHUVDQGWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFZLWK (;$0,1,1* ,175$63(&,),& ',))(5(1&(6 ,1 2<6 an overall rate of ~15%. Analyses are focused on temporal (sea- 7(572/(5$1&(725('8&('2;<*(1 sonal and annual) and spatial (local- and regional-scale) variability $QQD 0DQ\DN 'DYLV1 .HQQHG\ 7 3D\QWHU DQG /RXLV in movement rates, distances, and directionality, and will directly 3ORXJK4 inform future larval transport modeling efforts and determination 1University of Maryland College Park, Marine-Estuarine En- of stock boundaries in the Gulf of Mexico. vironmental Science, 1213 HJ Patterson Hall, College Park, MD 20742 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Lab, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, MD 20688 86,1* '5('*(02817(' &$0(5$6 72 0$3 %27 3University of Maryland College Park, Department of Biology, 720 +$%,7$7 ,1 $&7,9( 685)&/$0 ),6+,1* 1204 Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742 *5281'6 4University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 6WHSKHQ5RVV'DYLHV Horn Point Lab, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613 Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 233 Hatchville Road, East Fal- [email protected] mouth, MA 05236 +\SR[LDGH¿QHGDVR[\JHQFRQFHQWUDWLRQVEHORZPJ/-1, is [email protected] an increasing threat to coastal waters worldwide. In the Chesapeake As the Great South Channel Habitat Management Area (GSC Bay, hypoxic conditions are a common yet spatially heterogeneous HMA) borders were being selected during Omnibus Habitat occurrence during the summertime, with deep water areas expe- Amendment 2 (OHA2) development, the Northeast Fisheries Man- riencing a greater incidence of oxygen depletion. This seasonal agement Council (NEFMC) examined a wide range of variables K\SR[LDSRVHVDVLJQL¿FDQWWKUHDWWREHQWKLFVHVVLOHRUJDQLVPVSDU- including dominant currents, bottom type, sediment stability, and ticularly those that inhabit deeper waters. The eastern oyster, &UDV- the presence of clusters of hard bottoms with cobble and boulders. VRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD, is an ecologically and economically important 7KH FODP ¿VKHU\ UHTXHVWHG DQ H[HPSWLRQ WR FRQWLQXH ¿VKLQJ LQ sessile bivalve that resides throughout the Chesapeake Bay, includ- WKHSURSRVHG*6&+0$LILWZDVDSSURYHGDQGWKH¿VKHU\ZDV ing both areas prone to seasonal hypoxia and areas that rarely ex- JLYHQDWHPSRUDU\H[HPSWLRQWR¿VKWKURXJKRXWPRVWRIWKH*6& perience stressful oxygen conditions. While much is known about HMA through April 9, 2019. The Council has since proposed three oyster tolerance to hypoxia generally, little is known about whether amendment areas representing approximately 6-7% of the HMA, R\VWHUVVKRZDQ\GHJUHHRILQWUDVSHFL¿FYDULDWLRQLQWROHUDQFHWR DQGDQDGGLWLRQDOWZRDUHDVVODWHGIRUH[HPSWHG¿VKLQJSHUPLWUH- K\SR[LDUHÀHFWLYHRIR[\JHQFRQGLWLRQVRIWKHLUQDWLYHUHHI7RWHVW search to investigate the viability of harvesting Atlantic surfclams IRUWKLVLQWUDVSHFL¿FYDULDELOLW\UHVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGWRFRPSDUH DQGPXVVHOVZLWKPLQLPDOLPSDFWWRVHQVLWLYH¿VKKDELWDWLQWKHVH the physiological responses to hypoxia of oysters sourced from areas. reefs with differing annual oxygen conditions. Oysters from six dif- The overall goal of this project is to develop an ecological sur- ferent sites – three that experience seasonal hypoxia and three that vey that assesses and maps habitat types in areas prosecuted by generally experience normoxia – throughout the Maryland portion K\GUDXOLFFODPGUHGJHVXVLQJGUHGJHPRXQWHGFDPHUDVGXULQJ¿VK- of the Chesapeake Bay were collected. After a month-long period LQJDFWLYLWLHV7KLVJRDOZLOOEHPHWWKURXJKVSHFL¿FREMHFWLYHV of common garden acclimation, oysters from these six sites were Characterize habitat types in which dredging occurs and 2) Estab- brought into the laboratory and experiments were conducted to test lish areas of high clam CPUE and low habitat complexity. This goal for differences in survivorship and heart rates of oysters upon expo- and concurrent objectives are driven by these research questions: sure to hypoxia. Results from this research will be the shared, along 1) How often do dredges prosecute soft and hard bottom habitats? with future research directions. +RZFDQGUHGJHPRXQWHGFDPHUDVRSWLPL]H¿VKLQJGHFLVLRQVWR reduce habitat impact? Ultimately this project seeks to inform on ¿VKLQJLPSDFWVE\LGHQWLI\LQJWKHKDELWDWW\SHVPRVWRIWHQSURVH- cuted by dredges. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 67

'(6,*1$1'0$1$*(0(17&5,7(5,$2)+$7&+(5 effects of &SRO\NULNRLGHVon clearance rate of juvenile quahogs ,(663(&,$/,=(')256+(//),6+%5((',1* (~10 mm in length) across several algal densities ranging from _ _ -RWK'DYLV 1,100 cells mL ¹ to 250 cells mL ï7KHÀDJHOODWHGDOJD5KRGRPR- 3DFL¿F +\EUHHG ,QF 1( 0DQLWRX 3DUN %OYG %DLQ- QDVVDOLQDwas used as a control offered at a biomass equivalent bridge Island, WA 98110 OHYHOWRFRQ¿UPWKDWHDFKLQGLYLGXDOZDVVXFFHVVIXOO\FOHDULQJDOJDO [email protected] cells before &SRO\NUNRLGHs exposure. Quahogs cleared 5VDOLQD +DWFKHULHVIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIPROOXVFDQVKHOO¿VKVHHGFRPH at a high rate across all biomass levels. In contrast, quahogs did LQDYDULHW\RIÀDYRUV%HFDXVHPLOOLRQVRIRIIVSULQJPD\EHSUR- not feed on &SRO\NULNRLGHV cells when presented at densities of duced from just a few individuals, large production hatcheries do 1,100, 750, and 500 cells mL-1 and only began feeding at densities _ not generally require separation between larval and seed cohorts. of 250 cells mL ï7KHVH¿QGLQJVLQGLFDWHFOHDUDQFHLQKLELWLRQRI Such facilities often have fewer and larger capacity larger tanks, juvenile quahogs in addition to deleterious effects of exposure to and may be partially automated for feeding, grading and other rou- &SRO\NULNRLGHV cells, beyond direct toxicity. Experiments quanti- tine husbandry to maximize the production of seed cohorts with fying clearance rates of quahogs fed mixed diets of 5VDOLQDand C. less concern over mixing of groups. SRO\NULNRLGHV will also be presented. Conversely, hatchery facilities designed for the production and PDLQWHQDQFHRIJHQHWLFOLQHVIRUVKHOO¿VKEUHHGLQJ IRUODWHUXVHLQ producing production cohorts), by necessity depend on large numbers of smaller, discrete culture systems for biosecure containment. Systems for holding and conditioning discrete broodstocks lines $/$6.$ 0$5,&8/785( ,1,7,$7,9( ± 3+$6( ,0 depend upon specialized handling protocols, labeling and electron- 3/(0(17$7,21 2) 7+( <($5 &2035(+(16,9( ic record keeping. Broodstocks may not necessarily be treated sim- 3/$1$1'%8,/',1*,1'8675<020(1780 ilarly as different temperature or other holding requirements may -XOLH'HFNHU have a genetic basis and therefore require different handling proto- Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation, P.O. Box 2223, cols to ensure synchrony in the development of gametes. The same Wrangell, AK 99929 may be said for larval growth and nutrition and how these factors [email protected] PD\LQÀXHQFHODUYDOUHDULQJSURWRFROVIRUGLIIHUHQWJHQHWLFOLQHV The development of mariculture will provide economic, envi- Culture units for growing larvae and seed need to be small, and URQPHQWDODQGFXOWXUDOEHQH¿WVWR$ODVNDQV,QUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKLV replicable for research applications. Most importantly, larvae and Alaska Fisheries Development Foundation (AFDF) began spear- seed handling protocols for multiple, genetically distinct lines often heading the Alaska Mariculture Initiative (Initiative). As a result consist of a relatively few, but very valuable, individuals. Discus- of these efforts, the Alaska Mariculture Task Force (Task Force) sion will focus on the design and implementation of new breeding was formed in 2016 and completed the Alaska Mariculture Devel- IDFLOLWLHVIRU3DFL¿FR\VWHUVRQWKH3DFL¿FFRDVWDQG+DZDLL opment Plan in 2018 with the goal to grow a $100 million industry in 20 years. The Task Force was extended through June, 2021, by Administrative Order #297 in order to support implementation of the Plan. The new Administration is working closely with the Task Force to facilitate their work. This presentation will cover the ())(&76 2) 7+( +$50)8/ $/*$ COCHLODINUM highlights of the long-term comprehensive Plan, the Five-Year Ac- (MARGALEFIDINIUM POLYKRIKOIDES, 21 &/($5 tion Plan, and the building momentum towards the goal to grow a $1&( 5$7(2)7+( -89(1,/( 1257+(51 48$+2* $100 million industry in 20 years, including additional investment +$5'&/$0 MERCENARIA MERCENARIA by NOAA to continue work on Phase 2 of the Initiative and new 'DUUHQ.GH6LOYD DQG&KULVWRSKHU-*REOHU interest and investment by industry. Stony Brook University Southampton, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 [email protected] The northern quahog (= hard clam), 0HUFHQDULD PHUFHQDULD, LVDFRPPHUFLDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWVKDOORZZDWHUVKHOO¿VKHU\DORQJWKH HDVWHUQFRDVWRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV%ORRPVRIWKHKDUPIXOGLQRÀD- gellate, &RFKORGLQLXPSRO\NULNRLGHV have led to negative effects on PDULQHOLIHDFURVVWKHJOREHLQFOXGLQJ¿OWHUIHHGLQJELYDOYHVZLWKLQ shallow water bodiesDO of the US east coast. This studyNOT addressed the CITE 68 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

5('8&,1*VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS5,6.6$662 $ 6+(//),6+ ,1'8675< 3(563(&7,9( 21 6+(// &,$7(':,7+2<67(5$48$&8/785(35$&7,&(6,1 ),6+((/*5$66 ,17(5$&7,216²$ 3,&785( ,6 &211(&7,&8786$ :257+$7+286$1':25'6$1'9,'(2,6:257+ .ULVWLQ'H5RVLD%DQLFN1 6WHYH-RQHV2&KULV6FKLOODFL&KULV $0,//,21 1DVK4 7RP +RZHOO5 /RUL +RZHOO5 5DQGL )R[DOO2 0HJKDQ :LOOLDP)'HZH\ +DUWZLFN2DQG&KHU\O:KLVWOHU2 7D\ORU6KHOO¿VK)DUPV6(/\QFK5G6KHOWRQ:DVKLQJ- 1Connecticut Department of Agriculture Bureau of Aquaculture, ton, 98584 PO Box 97 Milford, CT 06460 ELOOG#WD\ORUVKHOO¿VKFRP 2University of New Hampshire, Department of Natural Re- Eelgrass is recognized and protected as a critical marine habitat sources and the Environment, 105 Main St., Durham, NH 03824 by many federal, state and local resource management agencies. To 3NOAA Fisheries Service Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries, WKHIUXVWUDWLRQRIPDQ\VKHOO¿VKJURZHUVUHVRXUFHPDQDJHUVRIWHQ 2I¿FH*UHDW5HSXEOLF'ULYH Gloucester, MA, 01930 IDLOWRUHFRJQL]HWKDWVKHOO¿VKFURSVDQGJHDUDOVRSURYLGHHFRV\V- 4New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services tem services of comparable value to eelgrass and that the two can 1+'(6 6KHOO¿VK3URJUDP,QWHUQDWLRQDO'ULYH6XLWH and do often co-exist synergistically. In many regions’ regulations Pease Tradeport, Portsmouth, NH 03801 SURKLELWVKHOO¿VKFXOWXUHLQRUDURXQGHHOJUDVVKRZHYHUWKHUHDUH 56SLQQH\&UHHN6KHOO¿VK+RZHOO'U(OLRW0( FRXQWOHVVH[DPSOHVRIVKHOO¿VKJURZHUVREVHUYLQJHHOJUDVVEHFRP- [email protected] LQJHVWDEOLVKHGDQGWKULYLQJLQWKHLUVKHOO¿VKIDUPVOLNHO\GXHWRWKH 2\VWHU KDUYHVW SUDFWLFHV LQYROYH KDQGOLQJ VKHOO¿VK RXW RI WKH synergistic effect (improved water clarity, nutrient coupling etc.) water for varying time periods. During warm months, these prac- Moreover, beyond fostering conditions for eelgrass to thrive, tices can increase levels of pathogenic 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV VKHOO¿VKFURSVDQGJHDUSURYLGHKDELWDWUHIXJHDQGIRUDJLQJRS- populations in oysters and potentially increase the risk of illness portunities for a variety of marine organisms. While not identical for consumers. Field-testing of 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV control to eelgrass it is evident to growers witnessing it every day on their measures for post-harvest practices was conducted during the sum- IDUPVWKDWWKHVHDUHPRVWGH¿QLWHO\IXQFWLRQLQJKHDOWK\HFRV\VWHPV mer of 2019 in Connecticut with funding provided by the Interstate Recently with the advent of GoPro cameras growers have tak- 6KHOO¿VK6DQLWDWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH ,66& DVSDUWRIDODUJHUUHJLRQDO HQWRFDSWXULQJYLGHRIRRWDJHRIHHOJUDVVVKHOO¿VKPRVDLFVDQGWKH study. Newly developed detection methods for regionally signif- ÀRUDDQGIDXQDXVLQJWKHLUFURSVDQGJHDU7KHVHYLGHRVKDYHLQ- icant pathogenic 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV strains, i.e., ST36 and spired scientists, ENGO, and resource managers to do the same, ST631, were used for evaluating the potential risk. Background partnering with growers to access their farms and using the videos environmental levels of 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV in oysters har- to attempt to quantify the comparative value of these ecosystems. vested from major commercial production areas were assessed to The videos and research are improving our understanding of the determine baseline conditions, and oysters subjected to a range of HFRORJLFDOYDOXHRIKDELWDWVFUHDWHGE\HHOJUDVVVKHOO¿VKFURSVDQG post-harvest time to temperature regimes including immediate rap- gear and informing policy and regulatory decisions around them. id cooling and 1, 3, 5, and 12 hours of exposure to ambient air temperature. These investigations indicate the occasional presence of elevated concentrations of total and pathogenic indicators across a variety of treatments. Exposure to elevated ambient air temperatures had 7+( 3+<6,&$/ &21675$,176 2) 5(&20%,1$7,21 inconsistent effects on the detection of pathogenic strains, however $1' 7+(,5 ,1)/8(1&( 21 *(1(7,& 5,6. $66(66 levels of total 9LEULRSDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV trended higher as the length MENTS RIWLPHWRWHPSHUDWXUHFRQWUROLQFUHDVHG7KHVH¿QGLQJVFRPELQHG .RQVWDQWLQ'LYLORY with the low rate of 9LEULRSDUDKHPRO\WLFXV illness associated with Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Connecticut oysters suggests that the control measures implement- +DW¿HOG0DULQH6FLHQFH&HQWHU6(0DULQH6FLHQFH'U1HZ- ed in Connecticut as part of the State 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV port, OR 97365 Control Plan have been successful in reducing illnesses despite the [email protected] continued presence of pathogenic strains in the environment. &XOWLYDWLQJJHQHWLFDOO\LPSURYHGVKHOO¿VKRIDVSHFLHVLQDQDUHD with wild members of that species has the potential to decrease the biodiversity of the wild population through intergroup mating and selection. The decrease in biodiversity is not only ecologically detrimental but also economically detrimental to the cultivators in the long term. The reason for this is that when a new disease appears that causes widespread mortality in bred members of a species, the DO NOT¿UVWSODFHEUHHGHUVORRNIRUUHVLVWDQFHWRWKHGLVHDVHLVLQWKHZLOG CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 69

SURJHQLWRUVRIWKDWVSHFLHV7KHHFRQRPLFEHQH¿WRISUHVHUYLQJGL- populations are a direct result of the established spawner sanctuar- YHUVHZLOGVKHOO¿VKIRUEUHHGLQJVWHPVIURPWKHLUDYDLODELOLW\IRU ies, including the timing and location of population increases, and use in introgression of disease resistance at a fraction of the cost WKHUHJLRQDOVSHFL¿FLW\RILQFUHDVHVWR6KLQQHFRFN%D\KRZHYHU ZKHQFRPSDUHGWRGHYHORSLQJJHQHWLFDOO\PRGL¿HGVKHOO¿VKDQG additional research is needed to make a direct connection between getting them approved for cultivation. Mating, as the combination restoration efforts and quahog population increases. of gametes from two individuals, results in new individuals with unique genomes. It is by comparing these new individuals and their respective genomes to those of past generations that one can measure changes in genetic diversity. The genome dynamics of multiple generations are then partly a function of the gametes that are &$55<29(5 ())(&76 2) +<32;,$ $1' :$50,1* united in the new individuals as well the basic functional units of 21($67(512<67(53(5)250$1&( phenotypic change, i.e., genes. Gametes are generated upon com- 6DUDK&'RQHODQ 0DWW%2JEXUQDQG'HQLVH%UHLWEXUJ pletion of meiosis, a process that includes the physical process of Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees crossing over. Simulations are used to show how this physical pro- Wharf Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037 cess constrains gene dynamics and the impact of these constrains [email protected] on genetic risks introduced through co-cultivation of wild and im- Climate change is rapidly affecting the behavior and perfor- SURYHGVKHOO¿VK PDQFH RI FRDVWDO RUJDQLVPV LQFOXGLQJ VKHOO¿VK ZLWK GUDPDWLF impacts on species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Ocean deoxygenation is a key climate change stressor that is expected to intensify as water temperatures warm and upland development ac- celerates. Warmer water temperatures decrease dissolved oxygen ,1&5($6(6 ,1 3238/$7,216 2) 7+( 1257+(51 supply while simultaneously increasing oxygen demand for coastal 48$+2* +$5'&/$0 MERCENARIA MERCENARIA, organisms. Exposure to these interacting stressors can limit organ- )2//2:,1* 7+( &5($7,21 2) 63$:1(5 6$1&78 isms’ growth and reproduction and lead to reductions in overall $5,(6,16+,11(&2&.%$<1(:<25.&$86$7,21 ¿WQHVVDQGVXUYLYDO 25&255(/$7,21" The response of organisms to hypoxia and warming tempera- 0LFKDHO + 'RDOO '\ODQ &RWWUHOO %UDGOH\ - 3HWHUVRQ DQG tures, however, may also be shaped by their past experiences with &KULVWRSKHU-*REOHU these stressors via carryover effects. Early life experiences can Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric JUHDWO\LQÀXHQFHWKHVXEVHTXHQWUHVSRQVHRIDQRUJDQLVPWRWKHVH Sciences, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 same stressors and impact their growth and survival, but their ef- [email protected] fects are often ignored in most systems. This impedes our ability to Shinnecock Bay (SB) is a shallow-water, barrier island estu- accurately predict how climate change will affect ecologically and ary on the south shore of Long Island, NY that has experienced HFRQRPLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWVSHFLHV sharp declines in commercially important northern quahogs (= hard How early life experiences with diel-cycling hypoxia and warm clams) (0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD) since the 1970s, and the reoccur- temperature affect the growth and performance of a key ecosystem UHQFHDQGLQWHQVL¿FDWLRQRIKDUPIXODOJDOEORRPV +$% NQRZDV engineer, the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFDwere explored. brown tides since the 1980s that have had devastating ecological It was found that early life exposure to both hypoxia and warming consequences. To help reverse these negative trends the Shinne- synergistically affected oyster response to these stressors later in cock Bay Restoration Program (ShiRP) initiated bay-wide quahog life. Results suggest that past experiences may shape how oysters restoration efforts in 2012 through the establishment of spawner perform in response to future oxygen stress, and should be better VDQFWXDULHVZLWKWKHXOWLPDWHJRDORILQFUHDVLQJWKHWRWDOELRWLF¿O- LQWHJUDWHGLQWRRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIKRZFRDVWDOVKHOO¿VKZLOOUH- tration of the bay to levels that would improve water clarity and spond to anthropogenic change. mitigate HAB. To date, ShiRP has planted over three million adult quahogs into spawner sanctuaries, and has conducted a suite of monitoring efforts to measure short-, medium-, and long-term success. Increases in quahog densities measured by annual benthic surveys, combined with substantial increases in commercial landings over the past four years, indicate that the medium-term goal of increasing hard populations bay-wide is being achieved. Com- mercial landings from SB in 2018 were up over 700% from when restoration began in 2012, and at the highest level in 32 years. Sev- eral lines ofDO evidence suggest that the recent increasesNOT in quahog CITE 70 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

&/,0$7($1'(678$5,1(*5$',(17,1)/8(1&(3$ 7+( 1257+ &$52/,1$ 67$7( 81,9(56,7< &(17(5 &,),&2<67(5&21',7,21$1'63$:1,1*,1:,//$ )250$5,1(6&,(1&(6$1'7(&+12/2*< 3$%$<:$6+,1*72186$ 'DYLG%(JJOHVWRQ %UHWW 5 'XPEDXOG1 -HQQLIHU / 5XHVLQN2 $ODQ - 7ULP North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth EOH2=DFKDU\)RUVWHU1DWVXNL+DVHJDZD4$QQD%ROP5DQG and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Tech- %URRNH0F,QW\UH5 nology, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC, 28557 1Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Hat- The principal mission of the North Carolina State University ¿HOG0DULQH6FLHQFH&HQWHU1HZSRUW25 Center for Marine Sciences and Technology (CMAST), located in 2University of Washington, Department of Biology, Box Morehead City, NC, is to discover innovative solutions to questions 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 and problems in marine systems, and provide effective communi- 3Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, P.O. Box 190, Ocean cation of these discoveries by promoting multidisciplinary studies Park, WA 9864 among research scientists, educators and extension specialists. 4Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fish- CMAST programs also enhance interaction with other educational eries Research and Education Agency (Kushiro Laboratory), Kat- institutions and agencies, and a broad range of stakeholders and the surakoi 116, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802, JAPAN general public. 5Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 7KHFRORFDWLRQRIIDFXOW\VWDIIDQGVWXGHQWVIURP¿YHGLIIHUHQW +DW¿HOG0DULQH6FLHQFH&HQWHU1HZSRUW25 departments and a K-12 STEM Program, promote creative colli- [email protected] sions among disciplines that support solutions to such grand chal- 3DFL¿FR\VWHUV&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV were introduced to and be- lenges as 2FHDQ+HDOWKDQG)RRG6HFXULW\. CMAST faculty and came “naturalized” in several estuaries along the US West Coast staff are researching a wide range of topics that affect the health where conditions allowed for adult oyster conditioning and spawn- and well-being of humans, animals and the environment, ranging ing and subsequent larval survival, retention and settlement. The from monitoring aquatic animal health as an indicator of human oyster industry relied on “natural” set at these locations and/or con- health risks, to seafood safety, to improving water quality of coastal tinued to import seed from Japan until the late 1970s advent of waters that are critical to tourism. Applied Fisheries programs are hatchery production of oyster larvae. Industry operators continued informing sustainable harvest of wild and aquaculture species, as to take advantage of natural sets in Willapa Bay, Washington where well as a range of coastal habitat restoration initiatives. it remains an important feature of management on state established Academic programming is providing leaders for the state, na- oyster reserves until a prolonged set of failures termed the seed tion. and the world through a Summer Fellows and Intern Program, crisis occurred beginning in 2015. Hatchery failures were clear- Graduate & Undergraduate training that emphasizes hands-on re- O\ OLQNHG WR RFHDQ DFLGL¿FDWLRQ ZKHUH DUDJRQLWH VDWXUDWLRQ VWDWH search, as well as K-12 educational outreach. CMAST hosts part- is reduced and larval oysters are unable to deposit shell. While nerships with the North Carolina Aquarium System, North Carolina WKHORQJWHUPIRUHFDVWIRUDFLGL¿FDWLRQLVQRWIDYRUDEOHHYLGHQFH Sea Grant, the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, North for direct effects of carbonate chemistry in Willapa Bay is more Carolina Cooperative Extension, and the local Community College. equivocal due to multiple factors including estuarine gradients in WHPSHUDWXUHDONDOLQLW\VDOLQLW\DQGSK\WRSODQNWRQWKDWDOVRLQÀX- ence gametogenesis and spawning in adult oysters. The summary of the historical record for oyster condition and spawning in this QDWXUDOL]HG3DFL¿FR\VWHUSRSXODWLRQLQGLFDWHWHOHFRQQHFWLRQVWKDW 86,1* 3$66,9($1' $&7,9( $&2867,&6 72 $66(66 LQÀXHQFHWKHQHDUVKRUHFRDVWDORFHDQHQYLURQPHQWDOVRLQÀXHQFH 2<67(55(()5(6725$7,2168&&(66 seasonal timing of spawning. Preliminary results of a study de- 'DYLG % (JJOHVWRQ1 2OLYLD 1 &DUHWWL1 DQG 'HO:D\QH 5 signed to compare this seasonal gametogenic cycle with that in Ja- %RKQHQVWLHKO pan where these oysters were sourced suggest that other variables 1North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth should be measured in order to understand and potentially mitigate and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Tech- for the effects of anthropogenic changes to these estuaries and an nology, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC, 28557 uncertain future climate. 2North Carolina State University, Center for Geospatial Analyt- ics, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695 [email protected] Restored oyster reefs contribute to enhancing ecosystem services in coastal environments. Spatiotemporal changes in habitat FKDUDFWHULVWLFVFDQDIIHFWUHHISHUVLVWHQFHDQGUHVWRUDWLRQEHQH¿WV DO NOTand understanding these changesCITE is crucial for optimizing resto- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 71

ration efforts. A set of six subtidal restored oyster reefs in Pamlico manganese interferes with actions of D2R agonists, however the Sound, North Carolina were studied by repeated mapping of these three agonists were not equally affected. Since cilio-inhibitory ac- areas using high-resolution side-scan sonar, and by collecting a tions of two of the agonists were impaired by manganese suggests two-year time series of oyster recruitment and passive acoustic data manganese is not causing its toxic effect by directly acting on the that monitored changes in the local soundscape. Substantial habitat dopamine molecule, but rather on one or more steps of the D2R loss occurred at all reefs, with high spatial variation in loss likely signal transduction pathway. The three agonist likely have differ- due to local sedimentation dynamics. Declines in habitat availabil- ent D2R binding capacities on GLC, which may account for their ity greatly reduced oyster recruitment, growth, and survival. The varied responses to manganese, especially if manganese is directly KLJKIUHTXHQF\VRXQGVJHQHUDWHGE\LQYHUWHEUDWHDQG¿VKIHHGLQJ interfering with ligand binding activation of D2R. This study helps activities were severely diminished in the soundscape on reefs con- further understanding of the manganese neurotoxic mechanism in structed from marl (limestone gravel) compared to reefs construct- causing manganism and should be of value in testing for therapeu- ed from recycled oyster shell. In addition, these signals were lost tic treatment. Supported by grants NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- from the soundscape on reefs with >60% habitat loss, indicating a K12GM093854-07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. decrease in habitat quality, change in community composition, and overall loss in restored ecosystem function. These results under- score the importance of habitat site selection and design in determining oyster restoration success and provisioning of ecosystem services. The acquisition of both passive and active acoustic data %,27,&$1'$%,27,&)$&72565(*8/$7,1*08&2 illustrates how spatiotemporal changes in structural habitat avail- 6$//(&7,16,17+(2<67(5CRASSOSTREA VIRGINI- ability are coupled with changes in oyster demographics and the CA broader community structure. These approaches can ultimately be (PPDQXHOOH3DOHV(VSLQRVD 6LPRQ$OODPDQG%DVVHP$OODP used to inform oyster restoration design, management, and moni- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric toring initiatives. Sciences, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 [email protected] Lectins are sugar-binding proteins involved in nonself-recognition and cell-to-cell interactions. Suspension-feeding bivalves, including the oyster &UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD are capable of using ())(&762)0$1*$1(6(217+(&,/,2,1+,%,725< these molecules to discriminate and capture food particles via in- $&7,216 2) '23$0,1( '$*21,676 21 *,// /$7 teractions with particle surface carbohydrates. Factors affecting (5$/&(//62)CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA the expression of mucosal lectins remain unclear. The aim of this .U\VWOH(UQHVW .DPHFD%D[WHU7LD)RVWHU(GZDUG-&DWDS study was to assess whether the expression of mucosal lectins in DQHDQG0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO &YLUJLQLFD is linked to environmental parameters and/or internal Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford biological factors. Oysters were placed in cages at a tidal estuary Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 and monitored for changes in lectin gene expression over a 1-year [email protected] period. Throughout the study, oysters were sampled and processed Gill lateral cells (GLC) cilia of &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD are con- for histology to characterize their gonadal development stage. Gills trolled by serotonergic-dopaminergic innervations. Dopamine were also dissected and used to determine the expression of three causes cilio-inhibition. Manganese causes manganism, a Parkin- mucosal lectins. In parallel, environmental parameters prevailing son’s-like disease in people by disrupting dopamine neurotrans- LQWKH¿HOGVLWHSDUWLFXODWHRUJDQLFPDWWHUDQGFKORURSK\OOFRQWHQWV mission. The neurotoxic mechanism of manganese is not fully re- were also monitored. Results showed that when high quality food solved. Lack of effective treatment for manganism is an obstacle is abundant (i.e. spring bloom), lectin expressions are low, and in- in its clinical management. Previous studies showed manganese versely lectin expressions increase with lower food levels. These disrupts cilio-inhibition of dopamine on GLC and the post-synaptic ¿QGLQJVVXJJHVWWKDWR\VWHUVLQFUHDVHOHFWLQH[SUHVVLRQWRHQKDQFH receptors are D2-like (D2R). Three D2R agonists (piribedil, N-pro- the capture and ingestion of scarce food while during spring bloom, pyl-piperidine and ergocryptine) were tested with and without man- enough high quality food is already being ingested and lectins are JDQHVHSUHVHQWWRGHWHUPLQHWKHLUHI¿FDF\RQUHGXFLQJFLOLDEHDWLQJ not needed. Furthermore, results highlighted that as gonad ma- Results were compared to control gills treated with the natural li- ture increasing energy demand, lectin expressions also increase to gand dopamine. Each agonist was cilio-inhibitory with N-pro- enhance selective ingestion of most nutritious food particles. This pyl-piperidine being the most effective. With manganese present study demonstrates the seasonality of lectin gene expression in C. the cilio-inhibitory effectiveness of ergocryptine and piribedil was YLUJLQLFD and suggests that lectin regulation is related to the repro- moderately reduced,DO but not N-propyl piperidine. NOTThe results show duction process and abundance CITE of high quality food. 72 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

86,1*5$'6(4)257+(,'(17,),&$7,212)6,1*/( &217$0,1$1762)(0(5*,1*&21&(51,1&+(6$ 18&/(27,'( 32/<0253+,606 $662&,$7(' :,7+ 3($.(%$<2<67(55(()6 1257+(5148$+2* +$5'&/$0 5(6,67$1&(72 $QQD)HHULFN1 (WKDQ+DLQ2.H+H2$QQH7LPP0LWFKHOO 43;',6($6( 7DUQRZVNL4DQG/HH%ODQH\2 6DUDK)DUKDW1 $UQDXG7DQJX\2(PPDQXHOOH3DOHV(VSLQR 1University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of VD1;LPLQJ*XR,VDEHOOH%RXWHW25R[DQQD6PRORZLW]4'LDQH Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 0XUSK\5*UHJJ-5LYDUD6DQG%DVVHP$OODP1 21250 1Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric 2University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000 Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 2Sorbonne Université, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Ma- Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 rin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 3USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 5523 Re- Roscoff, France search Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21228 35XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 4Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 580 Taylor Ave, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 Annapolis, MD 21401 4Roger Williams University, Department of Biology, Marine [email protected] Biology, and Environmental Science, 1 Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) have been detected 02809 in surface water around the world. Fewer studies have focused on 5Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, Box 367, 3195 Main St, &(&DFFXPXODWLRQLQVKHOO¿VK7KHODUJH¿OWHULQJFDSDFLW\RIWKH Barnstable, MA 02630 eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD) of Chesapeake Bay may 6Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, result in bioaccumulation of CEC from upstream sources. The 3690 Cedar Beach Rd, objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of 43 Southold, NY 11971 DQWLELRWLFVKRUPRQHVDQGXOWUDYLROHW 89 ¿OWHUVLQR\VWHU [email protected] tissue and bulk water samples at 35 collection sites throughout Since the 1990s, several Northeastern states have suffered se- the Chesapeake Bay. CEC were extracted from lyophilized oyster vere losses in aquacultured and wild northern quahog (= hard clam) WLVVXH DQG ZDWHU VDPSOHV XVLQJ D PRGL¿HG 4X(&K(56 SURWRFRO (0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD) stocks due to a fatal disease caused by a and solid-phase extraction, respectively. The extracts were ana- protistan parasite called Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX). Previ- lyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry ous work demonstrated that quahog resistance to QPX is genetical- WRFDOFXODWH&(&FRQFHQWUDWLRQV,QWRWDO89¿OWHUVDQG ly dictated. This study was designed to identify a single nucleotide hormones were detected at least once in oyster tissue compared to polymorphism (SNP) associated with quahog survivorship follow- 89¿OWHUVKRUPRQHVDQGDQWLELRWLFVGHWHFWHGLQ ing QPX epizootics. DNA was extracted from quahogs derived EXONZDWHUVDPSOHV7KHVH¿QGLQJVKLJKOLJKWWKHSUHYDOHQFHDQG from two geographically segregated populations (OYB and ARC) pseudo-persistence of these compounds in the Chesapeake Bay. and deployed in an enzootic site in Massachusetts. The analysis Sucralose, a commonly-used indicator of wastewater and septic contrasted samples collected before (2 x 48 clams) and after (2 x V\VWHPHIÀXHQWZDVPHDVXUHGWRFRQ¿UPWKHVRXUFHRI89¿OWHUV 48) undergoing QPX-related mortalities. The bioinformatics anal- The highest sucralose concentration (885 ng/L) coincided with the ysis relied on a draft clam genome assembly generated previously KLJKHVWWRWDO89¿OWHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQR\VWHUWLVVXH QJJ (2.4 Gb containing 42,214 protein-coding genes among which 91% VXJJHVWLQJWKDW89¿OWHUVOLNHO\VWHPIURPZDVWHZDWHUWUHDWPHQW had functional assignations). A total of 353,766 and 244,005 SNPs plants or septic systems. Given the known effects of estrogenic LQ2<%DQGDQG613VLQ$5&ZHUHLGHQWL¿HG hormones on aquatic organisms, emerging concerns related to the in quahogs collected before and after QPX-related mortalities, re- WR[LFLW\RI89¿OWHUVDQGWKHSRWHQWLDOGHYHORSPHQWRIDQWLELRWLF spectively. Among these, around 200 genes displayed variant en- resistance in oyster reefs, our results indicate the need for com- richment in each sampling point in both populations, including 18 bined monitoring of chemical and toxicological outcomes in Ches- genes shared between both populations. Markers depleted in sur- apeake Bay oysters. vivors from both populations were in genes related to apoptosis mechanisms, suggesting a role for apoptosis regulation in survivorship. Markers enriched in survivors from both populations were found in genes related to protein-protein interaction, receptors and signaling. This research begins to identify genetic markers associated with clam resistance to QPX disease, leading the way for the developmentDO of resistant clam stocks. NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 73

7+(&20,1*2)$*(2)35(&,6,21$48$&8/785( $ 327(17,$/ 52/( )25 $0(%2&<7(6 ,1 2<67(5 ²+2:02'(/6$5(&+$1*,1*7+(:$<:(*52: 6+(//'(326,7,21 6+(//),6+ :LOOLDP6)LVKHU -RmR*)HUUHLUD 86(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\2I¿FHRI5HVHDUFKDQG 1Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Dept. Ciências e Engenharia do Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Model- Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Quinta da Torre, ing, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal ¿VKHUZLOOLDP#HSDJRY 2Longline Environment Ltd., 63 St. Mary Axe, London, EC3A It has been generally accepted that mantle tissue is responsi- 8AA, United Kingdom ble for constructing and repairing oyster shell; however, past and [email protected] recent evidence indicates a role for oyster amebocytes, which are 2YHU WKH ODVW ¿IW\ \HDUV DTXDFXOWXUH KDV JURZQ YHU\ UDSLGO\ locomotory blood cells capable of migrating inside and outside of worldwide in response to (i) the stagnation and decline of capture tissues. It was noted as early as 1901 that ‘migratory cells’ partic- ¿VKHULHV LL LQFUHDVHGFRQVXPHUGHPDQGDQG LLL WKHQDWXUDOHYR- ipated in pearl formation in oysters and by the mid-20th century lution of production systems from hunting and gathering to cultiva- ‘migrating epithelial cells’ were observed to participate in shell tion, mirroring the emergence of agriculture in the Neolithic period, formation of the garden snail, another mollusc. A separate line of four hundred generations ago. evidence for amebocyte participation has emerged from research This led to improvements in husbandry and genetics of aquatic showing that amebocytes are capable of bioaccumulating terrestri- organisms, and to other developments such as tools for production al metals, particularly copper and zinc, into intracellular vesicles. and zoning of aquaculture systems. Because social license and sus- $VSDUWRIWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVHWRDZRXQGWKHVHPHWDOVDUH tainability are major concerns of present-day societies, the growth released from amebocytes into extracellular spaces to precipitate of aquaculture in the West faces regulatory challenges that were hemolymph proteins, thereby forming a protective, antimicrobial never an issue for agriculture, perhaps because it developed over ‘blood clot’. A similar process may be at play in shell deposition. At thousands of years. The human perspective on the marine environ- the very least, amebocytes are hypothesized to release metals into ment as a common wealth introduced further concerns, particularly the conchiolin matrix to precipitate protein and crystallize the shell. in coastal communities. Such a process would explain the high concentration of metals in This review focuses on the ways in which environmental adult shell relative to larval shell which is formed before amebo- sensors, mathematical models, and management platforms have cytes are released into the bloodstream. Adult shell concentrations FKDQJHGRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIVKHOO¿VKIDUPLQJDQGH[SORUHVWKH of many metals are orders of magnitude higher than surrounding ways in which precision aquaculture can contribute to a better seawater, indicating a bioconcentration capacity that is unique to world for both farmers and consumers. amebocytes and lacking for mantle epithelial cells. This physiolog- We are in an age now where it is feasible to model individual ical role for terrestrial metals may also explain the distribution of animals as part of a farmed population and predict a wide range of oysters at locations near freshwater runoff. aspects related to growth, food depletion, environmental effects, and pathogen spread. Tools are becoming available to help industry predict the consequences of climate change for their crops, and Big Data and Deep Learning hold substantial promise in helping in- terpret how environmental changes affect bivalve production, and 5(9,6,7,1*7+(52/(2)&233(5$1'=,1&,1$17, how farmers can leverage this to optimize harvest. 0,&52%,$/'()(16(62)($67(512<67(56 I end this brief journey with some thoughts on what we may an- :LOOLDP6)LVKHU WLFLSDWHLQWKHDUHDRIYLUWXDOWRROVIRUVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHRYHUWKH 86(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\2I¿FHRI5HVHDUFKDQG coming decade, and on strategies to bring together managers, pro- Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Model- ducers, and researchers to embrace the opportunities that lie ahead. ing, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 ¿VKHUZLOOLDP#HSDJRY Eastern oyster amebocytes accumulate both copper and zinc against concentration gradients to extraordinarily high concentrations. The physiological purpose for this bioaccumulation was unexplained for many years. Several authors anticipated a micro- bicidal function for copper because they noted green coloration at the site of wounds, ostensibly transported to the site by amebo- F\WHVGXULQJWKHLQÀDPPDWRU\UHVSRQVH,Q)UHGHULFN%DQJ DO NOTdescribed how bacteria wereCITE immobilized in an extracellular gel 74 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

(clot) that formed around aggregates of responding amebocytes. He would dissipate into the hemolymph to initiate other morphologi- hypothesized that the gel was initiated by material extruded from cal processes. These extraordinary studies, published in 1934, have granular amebocytes (degranulation). These observations were cor- been obscured by their complete absence from a subsequent and roborated in 1971 by Craig Ruddell who not only demonstrated the highly prestigious compendium. high accumulation of copper and zinc in amebocyte granules but also showed that both metals were present extracellularly at the site of wounds. In 1975 Robert Brown completed an unpublished GLVVHUWDWLRQ WKDW H[SHULPHQWDOO\ FRQ¿UPHG R\VWHU DPHERF\WHV DV the source of clot-promoting substances and, moreover, that cop- %$/7,025( ',675,&7 &2536 2) (1*,1((56 3(5 per and zinc were released from amebocyte granules to initiate clot 0,77,1* 29(59,(: 2) &200(5&,$/ 6+(//),6+ formation through precipitation of hemolymph proteins. He pro- $48$&8/785($&7,9,7,(6,10$5

$ +,(5$5&+,&$/7,0(6(5,(6 02'(/ 2)7+( 5( /21*',67$1&( 75$160,66,21 2) 3$7+2*(1,& /$7,216+,3 %(7:((1 (19,5210(17$/ &21', VIBRIO 63(&,(6 %< 0,*5$725< :$7(5%,5'6 $ 7,216 $1' VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS GENETIC 327(17,$/7+5($77238%/,&+($/7+ 0$5.(56,1:$6+,1*72167$7(3$&,),&2<67(56 6RQJ]KH )X -LQJZHL +DR 4LDQ

*(120,& $1$/<6,6 2) VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTI- ',))(5(1&( ,1 *87 0,&52%,27$ 2) LITOPENAEUS CUS 5(9($/6 7+( 75$160,66,21 3$77(516 2) VANNAMEI %(7:((1$ 3/$17$1'$1,0$/%$6(' 6+5,03$&87( +(3$723$1&5($7,& 1(&526,6 ',6 ',(7 ($6( $+31' $1'7+(25,*,162)$+31'$662&, -RUJH&*DODU]D1 0DULD*&DVWLOOR1(IUHQ5'HOJDGR2DQG $7('3/$60,' :LHENH-%RHLQJ 6RQJ]KH)X1'DZHL:HL2*XRVL;LH%R3DQJ4-LH+XDQJ0LQJ 1New Mexico State University, Department of Biology, 1305 PLQJ'RQJ 1DQG

PND-causing 9 SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV (VpAHPND) obtained from dis- meal is the main ingredient of shrimp feed, and the most expensive. eased shrimp and environmental samples between 2010 and 2017 is Glandless cotton seed meal (GCSM) is a waste product with high reported, providing unprecedented insight into the historical spread DPRXQWVRISURWHLQDQGIDWZKLFKKDVUHSODFHGWKH¿VKPHDOIURP of this pathogen and transmission patterns of AHPND. Results current feeds. showed that majority of VpAHPND were genetically diverse, suggest- In this project, the goal is to analyze the biological changes that ing that AHPND outbreaks occurred partly due to the presence of occur in the gut microbiota of the group being fed a plant-based endemic 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV; however, phylogenetic analysis of GLHWDQGFRPSDUHLWZLWKWKHIHHGSURGXFHGPDLQO\ZLWK¿VKPHDO AHPND-associated plasmids revealed that plasmid was potentially ,QYLYR growth will be conducted with shrimp, where the shrimp horizontally transferred among different sequence types (ST), re- will be submitted to 100% plant-based diet, 50/50% plant and an- sulting in the heterogeneity of VpAHPND. Genomic analysis of ST970 imal-based diet, and 100% animal-based diet; differences in gut VWUDLQVFRQ¿UPHGWKHLUWUDQVPLVVLRQDPRQJ9LHWQDP0DOD\VLDDQG microbiota via 16s rRNA gene sequence will be analyzed. Prelimi- Thailand since 2012 which partially promoted the spread of AH- QDU\UHVXOWVVKRZQRVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQYLWURdigestibility and PND-associated plasmid. Temporal and spatial analysis revealed LQYLYRgrowth when plant protein is implemented into the extruded that divergence date of Thailand and Malaysia strains occurred at feed. around January-2012. Sequence analysis of AHPND-associated SODVPLGVFRQ¿UPHGWKDWLWZDVIRUPHGE\IRXUFRPSRQHQWVHDFK of which originated from a distinct bacterial species, respectively.

Additionally, seven VpAHPND strains from Ecuador, Mexico, Chile and Peru were also collected. They were distributed in six branch- es, indicating that most of AHPND outbreaks in America occurred independently in each region without epidemiological link. This study answered the basic question regarding the origins of AH- PND-associated plasmid and transmission history of AHPND in 6RXWKHDVW$VLDSURYLGLQJVLJQL¿FDQWLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUVKULPSGLV- ease management. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 77

7+(FEM-1+202/2*&/,.(3527(,1 /2& 7+( FEM-1 *(1( $1' ,76 $17,6(16( 75$16&5,37 ,17+(*(120(6(48(1&($66(0%/< $609 0$< +$9($ )81&7,21 ,1 6(;8$/ '(9(/230(17 2) PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI )$50(' ,1 2)7+(3$&,),&:+,7(/(*6+5,03PENAEUS VANN- &+,1$,6+202/2*286727+(FEM-13527(,1,1 AMEI 92/9(' ,1 0$/( 6(;8$/ ',))(5(17,$7,21 $1' 3DYHO ( *DOLQGR7RUUHV1 &ODXGLD 9HQWXUD/ySH]1 5D~O $ *$0(7( *(1(5$7,21 &+$5$&7(5,=(' ,1 *21$' /OHUD+HUUHUDDQG$QD0,EDUUD1 2)&8/785('P. VANNAMEI)5200(;,&2 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), 3DYHO(*DOLQGR7RUUHV &ODXGLD9HQWXUD/ySH]1$QD0 Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto ,EDUUD1$FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita CP., 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, México Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto 2Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMyL), Universi- Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita CP. dad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, México Cerro del Vigía, P.O. Box 811, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México 2Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMyL), Univer- [email protected] sidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, 82040, Mazat- The IHP gene in &DHQRUKDEGLWLV HOHJDQV is involved in sex lán, Sinaloa, México GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ DQG LW LV VSHFL¿FDOO\ UHTXLUHG IRU DOO DVSHFWV RI 3Environmental Genomics Inc., P.O. Box 196, Southborough, male sexual development. A IHP transcript (Genbank accession MA 01772 # KF573432, 3778 bp) was found in transcriptomic libraries of [email protected] WKH3DFL¿FZKLWHOHJVKULPS3HQDHXVYDQQDPHL. In this study, the Availability of the genome sequence assembly (reference full-length cDNA of the IHP (3YIHP) gene was isolated from ASM378908v1; 1.6 Gb) from an adult male 3HQDHXV YDQQDPHL 3YDQQDPHL, and the translated protein (AHA90856) shows a sig- breed: Kehai No.1 farmed in China, represents a useful resource QL¿FDQW VWUXFWXUDO VLPLODULW\ ZLWK WKH & HOHJDQV FEM-1 protein. to identify economically important traits such as disease resistance, 3YIHP expression was evaluated by means of quantitative poly- resilience to environmental stress, high growth and reproduction. merase chain reaction (qPCR) and LQVLWX hybridization during em- Various sex determining- and sex-differentiating-like genes have bryogenesis, larval development, multiple tissues of juveniles, sub- been reported. The genome sequence for IHP homolog C-like adults, and adult males and females, and gonads of both genders in protein (also known as LOC113816458, C7M84_013645, FEM- VXEDGXOWDQGDGXOWOLIHVWDJHV:KHQTXDQWL¿HGE\T3&53YIHP 1) and its protein ROT68218 will be discussed. LOC113816458 was found expressed in juveniles, subadults and adults in brain, is homologous to the cDNA of IHP (Pvfem-1) gene isolat- intestine, hepatopancreas, and in the gonads of both genders in ed from transcriptome libraries of cultured 3 YDQQDPHL gonad subadults and adults. ,QVLWX hybridization allowed for an interest- from Mexico (mRNA: KF573432, 3778bp; protein: AHA90856 ing discovery: a natural antisense transcript (NAT) of the 3YIHP DD 6PDOO IUDJPHQWV RI /2& ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG LQ that was found highly expressed in the oocyte nucleus of subadult 28 of 29 transcriptome shotgun assembly sequences of Penae- female shrimp gonads. No NAT was seen within oocytes of adult oidea representing 13 species. LOC113816458 locates on nu- females, although it was detected in follicular cells, suggesting a cleotides 86721-92580 (5860bp) of unplaced genomic scaffold possible post-transcriptional regulation of the sense 3YIHP in fe- LVANscaffold_2707 (QCYY01002705, 193354bp), and contains male gonads. Conversely, in males, no NAT was observed, and the portions of two repetitive sequences. BLASTX homology search- sense 3YIHP was found expressed in spermatogonia of both, sub- HV UHYHDOHG WKH SUHVHQFH RI ¿YH FRQVHUYHG GRPDLQV RI DQN\ULQ adult and adult shrimps, indicating a function of PvFEM-1 protein repeats in both KF573432 and LOC113816458 sequences, but in male sexual differentiation and gamete generation. only KF573432 contains a provisional voltage-dependent potassium channel domain. Two reference mRNA sequence splice YDULDQWV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG IRU /2& 3 YDQQDPHL transcript variant X1 (XM_027368504, 3683bp) and transcript variant X2 (XM_027368505, 3651bp). BLASTP results for proteins AHA90856 and ROT68218 revealed 14 and 15 ankyrin repeat-containing domains, respectively. Two transient-receptor-potential calcium channel protein domains were observed in AHA90856, only one in ROT68218. Research is needed to clarify if both variants X1 and X2 are expressed in same tissues reported for natural antisense transcript NAT, and to assemble more genomes of Penaeoidea in order to identifyDO the master sex-determining gene.NOT CITE 78 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

1,752*(1 %,2(;75$&7,21 %< -89(1,/($/(:,)( studied of these pathogens, little is known about its basic biology )/2$7(56 UTTERBACKIANA IMPLICATA, '85,1* and ecology. 321'5($5,1*,17+('(/$:$5(5,9(5%$6,1 In a laboratory experiment using naturally-infected quahogs 0DWWKHZ-*HQWU\ 1'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU1.XUW0&KHQJ1 housed individually in sterile seawater, QPX was detected using DQG0DWWKHZ:*UD\2 a newly developed nested quantitative PCR assay in the seawater 1Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, 110 South Poplar St., of quahogs exposed to low temperature (13°C) at two through nine Ste. 202, Wilmington, DE 19801 weeks of the experiment. QPX was also detected from shell bio- 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, ¿OPVDWWKHHQGRIWKHZHHNH[SHULPHQWKRZHYHULQUHSOLFDWH Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Rd., Cambridge, MD quahogs kept at 20°C, QPX was never detected in seawater or shell 21613 ELR¿OPV43;ZDVGHWHFWHGDWVLPLODUSUHYDOHQFHDQGDEXQGDQFH [email protected] LQWKHWLVVXHVDQGSDOOLDOÀXLGRITXDKRJVDWERWKWHPSHUDWXUHVSRVW )UHVKZDWHUPXVVHOVDUH¿OWHUIHHGLQJELYDOYHVWKDWRFFXS\GL- experiment. It is unclear if this temperature difference in external verse freshwater environments. Mussel populations continue to 43;UHÀHFWVELRORJ\RIWKHTXDKRJ43;DQLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ decline in range, abundance, and species richness across the nation. them, or some other external factor. Moreover, the fact that QPX Partnership for the Delaware Estuary (PDE) created the Freshwater ZDVGHWHFWHGLQRITXDKRJSDOOLDOÀXLGVDPSOHVDIWHUZHHNV Mussel Recovery Program in 2007 to address these declines in the suggests that QPX is a stable component and perhaps permanent Delaware River Basin. Part of restoration involves reintroduction UHVLGHQWRITXDKRJSDOOLDOÀXLGWKDWGRHVQRWJHWH[SHOOHGE\IHHG- of mussels to their historical range. Reintroduction success (i.e. ing or pumping. survival, persistence) depends not only on habitat suitability, but on To determine if QPX has a unique relationship with the quahog the condition of animals used. Juvenile freshwater mussel survival compared to other labyrinthulomycetes, labyrinthulomycete-spe- in natural systems is thought to be low, but advances in hatchery FL¿F 3&5 DPSOLFRQV ZHUH VHTXHQFHG IURP TXDKRJ SDOOLDO ÀXLG rearing and pond grow-out have increased survival and rivaled or VKHOO ELR¿OPV DQG VHDZDWHU 2YHUDOO WKH ODERUDWRU\ H[SHULPHQW outperformed growth rates when compared to those from natural suggests that QPX is a commensal and common component of the systems. Raising hatchery-spawned mussels to a size appropriate quahog microbiota. for release can be enhanced by a period of pond grow-out, which presents an opportunity to provide transient ecosystem services to eutrophic ponds. For example, more than 50,000 juvenile alewife ÀRDWHUV 8WWHUEDFNLDQD LPSOLFDWD were produced in 2017 and subsequently reared in various eutrophic ponds in Pennsylvania +$1'%22.2)3$7+2*(16$1'',6($6(6,1&(3+ and Delaware. Final nitrogen contents of 8LPSOLFDWD tissues and $/232'6 shells averaged 6.90% w/w and 0.65% w/w of dry biomass, respec- &DPLQR*HVWDO1 6DQWLDJR3DVFXDO2$QJHO*XHUUD2*UD]LDQR tively. Together, these data estimate the total particulate nitrogen )LRULWRDQG-XDQ09LHLWHV4 sequestered into mussel biomass, which is 183mg per 80mm mus- 1Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research sel. When these mussels are relocated for enhancement projects Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain elsewhere, the sequestered nitrogen is permanently bioextracted 2ECOBIOMAR, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish Na- IURP UHDULQJ SRQGV 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV VXJJHVW WKDW WDQJLEOH ZDWHU tional Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, TXDOLW\EHQH¿WVFRXOGEHUHDOL]HGERWKLQUHDULQJSRQGVDQGWKH Spain targeted recipient waters, depending on scale and duration of mus- 3Association of Cephalopod Research (CephRes), Via dei sel deployment. Fiorentini 80133, Napoli, Italy 4ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Ctra. Colexio Universitario, 16, 36310, Vigo, Spain [email protected] Cephalopods are valuable seafood for human consumption, 7$.,1*7+(³;´2872)43; 48$+2*3$5$6,7(81 good candidates for aquaculture and interesting models for re- .12:1 $3$5$6,7(2)7+(1257+(5148$+2* search. The recent inclusion of cephalopods in the Directive 2010/ +$5'&/$0 MERCENARIA MERCENARIA (8UHJXODWHVWKHXVHRIDQLPDOVIRUVFLHQWL¿FSXUSRVHVDQGREOLJHV 6DEULQD*HUDFL

in cephalopods exists. This book has been designed as a short, easy conditions and fed on different diets have been examined. A wide WRIROORZ³KDQGERRN´ZLWKWKHDLPRIIDFLOLWDWHWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQ range of genes and proteins involved in different signaling cascades and description of the different organs as well as pathogens and UHODWHGWRPHWDEROLVPVWUHVVDQGLPPXQHUHVSRQVHZHUHLGHQWL¿HG diseases affecting the most representative species of cephalopods using transcriptomic (RNA-seq), proteomic (SWATH) and epig- focused on 2FWRSXVYXOJDULV, 6HSLDRI¿FLQDOLV and /ROLJRYXOJDU- HQRPLF 55%6 WRROV7KHVHOHFWLRQRIVSHFL¿FJHQHVDQGSURWHLQV LV. The study is based on photographs at macroscopic and histo- together with functional biochemical validation assays will allow logical level in order to illustrate the role of the most important WKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIFDQGLGDWHVIRUELRPDUNHUVWRHYDOXDWHWKHZHO- pathogens and related diseases. The reader is able to familiarize fare and health in early stages of 2YXOJDULV development. This with functional anatomy, necropsy and general histology of adults approach will provide new perspectives and will open new oppor- DQGSDUDODUYDHDVZHOODVZLWKWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWSDWKR- tunities to deepen the requirements and improve the culture of this gens and pathologies. This work is thus a guide for the diagnosis species. of cephalopod diseases. Besides including pathogens for non-Eu- ropean cephalopod species, it also provides a useful contribution encouraging marine pathologists, parasitologists, veterinarians and WKRVHLQYROYHGLQ¿VKHU\VDQLWDU\DVVHVVPHQWVDTXDULXPPDLQWH- nance and aquaculture practices aiming to increase their knowledge %8/. 6(*5(*$7,21 0(7+2' :,7+ 75$16&5,3 about the pathology of cephalopods. 720,&6,6$1,1129$7,9(0(7+2')25,'(17,)< ,1*758( 613$1' )81&7,21$/ *(1(6 ,1 635:6 695(6,67$17 0$'$*$6&$50$/$<6,$ PENAEUS MONODON%5((',1*/,1( )DUKDQD0RKG*KDQLDQG6XEKD%KDVVX 2&72386 $48$&8/785( 6($5&+,1* )25 $ 68& 1University of Malaya, Department of Genetics and Molecu- &(66)8/ 352'8&7,21 '5,9(1 %< 1875,*(120,& lar Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, $1'(3,*(1(7,&,17(5$&7,21678',(6 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia &DPLQR*HVWDO1 0DUtD3UDGRÈOYDUH]1$PDOLD0RUDOHV2*D 2University of Malaya, Centre for Research in Biotechnology EULHO &DUGHQHWH2 3DEOR *DUFtD)HUQiQGH]1 6RQLD 'LRV1 DQG for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation ,QPDFXODGD9DUy Complex, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research [email protected] Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. 36209, Vigo, Spain Industry-driven aquaculture shapes the high productivity for 2University of Granada, Departament of Zoology, Avda. Fuent- economic growth; however, shrimp have a tendency to be sus- enueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain ceptible to pathogen infection, which then shapes the question on 3Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Spanish Na- why and how the population could shape resistance. Therefore, in tional Research Council (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Cas- selection programs focused on the Madagascar-Malaysia 3HQDHXV tellón, Spain PRQRGRQ breeding line, this project investigated if this selected line [email protected] could form resistance to WSSV and what shapes the line to be re- The common octopus (2FWRSXV YXOJDULV) is a highly-valued sistant. When selection was based on this criteria, gene expression species of great commercial interest, and it is an excellent candi- DQGIXQFWLRQDOJHQHSUR¿OLQJRQWKLVOLQHZHUHSHUIRUPHGWRLQYHV- GDWHIRUDTXDFXOWXUHGLYHUVL¿FDWLRQKRZHYHUWKHPDVVLYHPRUWDO- tigate whether the population biomarkers and SNP associated with ities during the early life-cycle stages (paralarvae) have hampered resistance traits. The strategy incorporated bulk segregant analysis its commercial production. In recent years great progress has been PHWKRGZKLFKZDVGHYHORSHGWR¿QG47/EXWWKHWUDQVFULSWRPLFV made by achieving its life cycle under captive conditions, but its approach was used to aid the selection process in innovative way. commercial aquaculture practice is still under experimental phase. 7KHUHIRUH HIIRUWV WR LPSURYH LW DQG VSHFL¿FDOO\ VHDUFK IRU ELR- marker genes to optimize the culture, are currently a priority. 7KH2FWRPLFVSURMHFWDLPVWRGHHSHQWKHVWXG\RIWKH¿UVWGH- velopmental stages of the common octopus through nutrigenomic and epigenetic analyses. The main objective of the project is to gain a greater understanding of what and how biological processes develop in these early stages under different cultivation conditions. Octopus embryonic developmental stages, as well as paralarvae in their earlyDO stages of development, cultivated NOT under different CITE 80 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

())(&762))(('5$7,2121*52:7+$1'*21$' Jersey may be increasing. Growth rates are utilized in managing 352'8&7,21 ,1 60$// 6($ 85&+,16 LYTECHINUS WKH¿VKHU\E\SURYLGLQJDQHVWLPDWHRIKRZPDQ\R\VWHUVDUHOLNHO\ VARIEGATUS to grow to a marketable size in a given season. Growth racks were 9LFWRULD.*LEEV /DXUD(+HÀLQ2-&KULVWRSKHU7D\ORU2 ¿UVWGHSOR\HGRQR\VWHUEHGVLQ'HODZDUH%D\LQDQGWKHQ $GGLVRQ//DZUHQFH2DQG6WHSKHQ$:DWWV2 again in 2018 and 2019. Deployment sites spanned the salinity 1Birmingham-Southern College, Department of Biology, 900 gradient. Oysters were initially collected and measured in April Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL 35254 or May of each year, tethered to a metal frame, and redeployed on 2University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, their bed of origin. Racks were recovered and redeployed monthly 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294 allowing height to be measured on each individual oyster through [email protected] the growing season (to November). Mean total growth was calcu- Proper feed management in the culture of aquatic organisms lated for each of three initial size classes (50-57 mm, 57-63 mm, reduces feed waste and cost, preserves water quality, and supports and 63-70 mm). Preliminary results indicate that growth rates have maximal growth of the species. A cost-effective practice provides increased since 2001 across all sites. In 2018 and 2019, respec- the lowest ration size that still supports adequate growth of the or- tively, oysters from the southernmost site increased in height by ganism. In this study, two daily rations of a nutrient dense, formu- 16-30% and 23-37% over the duration of the experiment, while in lated diet were evaluated for optimal growth and gonad production 2001 oysters increased in height by only 15-24%. Additionally, in small sea urchins of the species /\WHFKLQXVYDULHJDWXV. in all years, growth rates were higher in the lower Delaware Bay, Small sea urchins (ca. 23 mm diameter and 5.6 g wet weight) where salinity is higher. Having up-to-date and accurate growth were maintained in recirculating seawater systems and were fed a rate estimates is important for managing the oyster resource in Del- formulated diet (28.5% protein, 26.8% carbohydrate, 7.7% crude aware Bay and for informing our understanding of how environ- lipid). Individuals were provided a daily ration of either sub-satia- PHQWDOFKDQJHVPD\EHLQÀXHQFLQJWKHG\QDPLFVRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ tion (1.5% body weight day-1 set at Week 0) or DGOLELWXP (~3.8% body weight day-1). Individuals were weighed every two weeks, DQGVHDXUFKLQVZHUHVDFUL¿FHGDWWKHHQGRIZNWRTXDQWLI\JRQDG production. Overall wet weight gain after 8 wk was higher for individuals 86,1*%,9$/9(672(1+$1&(%,2/2*,&$/),/75$ fed DGOLELWXP(338 ± 48% vs. 228 ± 37% for sub-satiation; mean 7,21352027(1,752*(15(029$/$1',03529( 6'S (VWLPDWHGSURGXFWLRQHI¿FLHQF\EDVHGRQIHHG :$7(548$/,7<,16+$//2:1(:<25.(678$5,(6 proffered was higher for individuals fed a sub-satiation ration (68.2 &KULVWRSKHU-*REOHU 0LFKDHO+'RDOO%UDGOH\-3HWHUVRQ ± 5.8% vs. 31.0 ± 5.1% for DGOLELWXP). Gonad index was higher 'DUUHQ'H6LOYDDQG&KULVWRSKHU:R]Q\ for individuals fed DGOLELWXP (14.5 ± 4% vs. 9.26 ± 2% for sub-sa- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric tiation) and was higher for females regardless of ration size (13.9 Sciences, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY 11968 ± 4% female and 9.85 ± 3% male). Overall, the sub-satiation ration [email protected] PLQLPL]HGIHHGZDVWHDQGVXSSRUWHGHI¿FLHQWJURZWKDQGJRQDG The once iconic northern quahog (= hard clam) (0HUFHQDULD production. PHUFHQDULD ¿VKHU\ RI WKH /RQJ ,VODQG VRXWK VKRUH GHFOLQHG E\ 99% during the 1970s-1990s. While over three decades of planting seed clams and spawner sanctuaries have failed to measurably alter clam densities in this region, recent efforts creating quahog spawner sanctuaries in Shinnecock Bay have shown greater promise. The 63$7,$/ $1' 7(0325$/ 9$5,$7,21 ,1 *52:7+ sanctuaries were designed to improve spawning success of qua- 5$7(6 2):,/' ($67(51 2<67(56 CRASSOSTRERA hogs, with the ultimate goal of creating quahog densities capable VIRGINICA )520'(/$:$5(%$<1(:-(56(<86$ RI¿OWUDWLQJDQHVWXDU\LQWKUHHGD\VRUOHVVDUDWHWKDWFDQLQKLELW -HQQLIHU *LXV1 -DVRQ 0RUVRQ1 'DSKQH 0XQURH1 DQG -RKQ the formation of algal blooms and that occurred prior to bivalve .UDHXWHU2 population collapses on Long Island. Since 2012, the planting of 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ three million quahogs in spawner sanctuaries in Shinnecock Bay 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 KDV\LHOGHGVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHVLQWKHGHQVLWLHVDQGODQGLQJVRI 2Marine Science Center, University of New England, 1 Hills quahogs. Concurrently, peak densities of harmful brown tides have Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005 progressively declined by three-orders of magnitude and eelgrass [email protected] beds have expanded by more than 100 acres. While the densities Trends in length frequency from an annual stock assessment of quahogs within spawner sanctuaries have achieved levels ca- VXUYH\DVZHOODVDQHFGRWDOUHSRUWVIURPWKH¿VKHU\VXJJHVWJURZWK SDEOHRI¿OWHULQJODUJHSRUWLRQVRI6KLQQHFRFN%D\LQWKUHHGD\V rates of wild oystersDO (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) in DelawareNOT Bay, New densities outside of the sanctuariesCITE have not, suggesting processes 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 81

EH\RQGTXDKRJ¿OWUDWLRQPD\FRQWULEXWHWRZDUGVLPSURYHGZDWHU ,19(67,*$7,21 2) 2<67(5 675$,1 ())(&7 ,1 TXDOLW\ 2QH VXFK SURFHVV PD\ EH GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ DV WKHVH UDWHV $48$&8/785($7&200(5,&$/6&$/(6 KDYHVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHGZLWKLQVSDZQHUVDQFWXDULHV*LYHQWKH 6N\OHU6*ROW $QQDOHLVH-&RQZD\&DU\V/0LWFKHOPRUH success of bivalve restoration in Shinnecock Bay, NYS instituted DQG7KRPDV-0LOOHU WKH /RQJ ,VODQG 6KHOO¿VK 5HVWRUDWLRQ 3URJUDP LQ WKDW ZLOO University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science plant hundreds of millions of bivalves in sanctuaries across NY Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 146 Williams Street, Solo- over the next three years. Details of this program will be presented. mons, MD 20688 [email protected] Expansion in aquaculture of the eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLU- JLQLFD) in Maryland is partly limited by the amount of seed oyster available for grow-out. Understanding potential strain differences $66(66,1*63$7,$/',675,%87,212)CRASSOSTREA in settlement success, growth and survivability of oysters during VIRGINICA /$59$/ 6(77/(0(17 :,7+,1 /$5*( WKHLU¿UVWPRQWKVRIOLIHZLOOLQIRUPJURZHUVDQGKDWFKHULHVDVWR 6&$/(6(77,1*7$1.6 which strains could offer maximum production without expanding $OH[*ROGLQJ1 -HIIU\$OH[DQGHU16WHSKDQLH$OH[DQGHU1%RE hatchery capacity. Experimentation at the commercial scale is re- &DUH\16KDQQRQ+RRG2$OLFLD.ODJHV1-XOLH7URPPDWWHU16WH quired as previous efforts to compare performance have been con- YHQ:HVFKOHU1DQG6WDFH\:LOOH\1 ducted at the laboratory scale. 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science A commercial scale randomized complete block experiment Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD was conducted to compare the performance of four different oyster 21613 “strains”. Different batches of larvae were set within eight days 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science of each other. Settlement success and larval size were estimated Horn Point Laboratory, Maryland Sea Grant Extension, 2020 at 8 and 13 days, and then size, growth and mortality of batches Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613 ZHUHIROORZHGRYHUWKHQH[WPRQWKV7KHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQW [email protected] strain effect on settlement. Diploid larvae demonstrated a 90% set- The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science tlement success, whereas triploid strains averaged approximately Horn Point Laboratory Oyster Hatchery (HPLOH) is one of the 38%. Triploid oysters grew faster than diploid oysters throughout largest oyster hatcheries on the east coast of the United States. Bil- the study period and all triploid strains grew at similar rates. During lions of juvenile oyster spat have been produced and deployed, or WKHIROORZLQJVSULQJWKHUHZDVVLJQL¿FDQWPRUWDOLW\RIWKHWULSORLG planted, for a variety of purposes, with the priority being resto- strains and minimal mortality of the diploid oysters. These results ration. Methods to quantify juvenile spat-on-shell production in- suggest that growers may wish to maintain a portfolio of different volve collecting a subsample of shells as tanks are being unloaded, strains in production to spread risk and increase the resilience of and counting spat on that subsample of shells. When operating on their operations. VXFKDODUJHVFDOHLWFDQEHGLI¿FXOWWRGHWHUPLQHLIWKLVPHWKRGRI sampling yields accurate data or if uneven spat settlement intro- duces unintentional bias. A setting experiment was conducted to understand any spatial patterns in spat distribution within HPLOH setting tanks. Sample data were then compared to data collected XVLQJVWDQGDUG+3/2+VSDWTXDQWL¿FDWLRQPHWKRGV5HVXOWVLQGL- cate that larvae primarily set on shells towards the bottom of the WDQN7KHUHLVQRVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH WDQNDQGWRSRIWKHWDQNLQUHJDUGVWRYHUWLFDOVHWWOHPHQW1RVLJQL¿- cant difference was observed with respect to horizontal distribution within a tank. Future research goals include designing a consistently accurate method for a random sample to be collected the day EHIRUHSODQWLQJWRDOORZPRUHWLPHDQGÀH[LELOLW\LQSHUIRUPLQJ spat on shell counts with a busy schedule and small crew. DO NOT CITE 82 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

($67(51 2<67(5 *(120( &216257,80 :25. occasion, comprise a considerable portion of the benthic animal 6+23 biomass and feed on managed species. Historical data collect- 0DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL ed by the SCDNR Crustacean Research and Monitoring Section University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal (CRMS) trawl survey indicates that /EUHYLVinhabit different parts and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 of the estuary during their development, presenting the opportu- [email protected] nity to research ontogenetic diet changes. The project presented A recent project by the Eastern Oyster Genome (EOG) led to the here will investigate the life history, trophic ecology, and size-age development of a reference genome and set of transcriptomes crit- relationships of /EUHYLV in the Charleston Harbor estuary. Brief ical to the discovery and analysis of the genetic basis for traits that squid were collected every month in 2019 at four stations along a are important for improving the culture of this species for food and salinity gradient within the Charleston Harbor estuary. Samples of restoration purposes (private and public aquaculture). These traits /EUHYLV were assessed for size, sex, and maturity to determine life include, for example, disease resistance, resistance or tolerance to history parameters across space and time. Buccal tissue samples environmental stress, fast growth, and desired shell characteristics. ZLOOEHDQDO\]HGIRUVWDEOHLVRWRSHUDWLRV į13&DQGį15N) to investi- Development of an extensive, genome-wide catalog of functional gate food source origin and trophic position, and to investigate how elements for the EOG would facilitate further application of ge- these change with ontogeny. Additionally, statoliths will be used nomic resources to basic and applied research in eastern oysters, to determine squid ages, which will, in turn, be used to back-calcu- such as genomically-informed approaches in selective breeding late timing of recruitment and growth rates across seasons. These and consideration of epigenetic priming approaches to improve size-age relationships will be the focus of these presentations. Re- WKHSUHFLVLRQDQGHI¿FDF\RIEUHHGLQJ7KLVIXQFWLRQDODQQRWDWLRQ sults from this project will be used to better understand how the life of the EOG will also facilitate understanding of the mechanisms history and trophic ecology of /EUHYLVLQÀXHQFHWKH&KDUOHVWRQ involved in adaptation to a changing environment in this keystone Harbor estuarine ecosystem, with applications towards the man- species. The proposed EOG annotation efforts will have synergistic agement of commercially- and recreationally-important species SD\RIIVE\SHUIRUPLQJLQIRUPDWLYHFRPSDULVRQVZLWKWKH3DFL¿F that interact with /EUHYLV. oyster genome and the genomes of other commercially important bivalve molluscs, such as mussels and scallops. Direct involvement of the bivalve research community in tool development and implementation is key to the successful application of these resources. The objectives of this workshop are to: 1) provide training on how to use genomics resources already available in NCBI for the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD2) discuss with representatives from NCBI the needs for improved annotation of the EOG; and 3) coordinate community efforts in the functional annotation of the EOG.

67$72/,7+%$6(' $*( $66(660(176 2) 7+( $7 /$17,&%5,()648,'LOLLIGUNCULA BREVIS, )520 7+(&+$5/(6721+$5%25(678$5<6287+&$52 /,1$86$ -HIIUH\*RRG1 0LFKDHO.HQGULFN2DQG3HWHU.LQJVOH\6PLWK2 1College of Charleston, Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Grice Marine Laboratory, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412 2Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Depart- ment of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412 [email protected] The Atlantic brief squid, /ROOLJXQFXODEUHYLV, is a predatory, euryhaline cephalopod inhabiting estuaries from the Chesapeake Bay to Argentina. InDO the Charleston Harbor estuary, /NOTEUHYLVcan, on CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 83

$'',1* 2<67(50(',$7(' '(1,75,),&$7,21 (1 shells. Evidence indicates oysters may actually remove more ni- +$1&(0(17727+(68,7(2)722/686('72$' WURJHQYLDGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQHQKDQFHPHQWWKDQWKURXJKVHTXHVWUDWLRQ '5(66(87523+,&$7,21 alone. However, these impacts need to be properly recognized and -6WHSKHQ*RVQHOO1 -XOLH05RVH26X]DQQH%ULFNHU0DUN valued so they may be integrated into management plans. %UXVK4 $OOLVRQ &ROGHQ5 /RUD +DUULV6 (ULF .DUSOXV7 $OL[ 9DOXLQJR\VWHUPHGLDWHGGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQFRXOGLQFUHDVHWKHWRWDO /DIHUULHUH1DWKDQLHO+0HUULOO7DPP\0XUSK\-RVKXD number of oysters placed in coastal waters through both aquacul- 5HLWVPD11-RKQQ\6KRFNOH\12.XUW6WHSKHQVRQ6HWK7KHXHU WXUHDQGUHVWRUDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV2\VWHUPHGLDWHGGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQDOVR NDXI14'DQ:DUG15DQG5RELQVRQ:)XOZHLOHU16 SURYLGHVEHQH¿WVLQWKDWLWPD\EHVHOISHUSHWXDWLQJKDYHLPPH- 1University of New York, Department of Natural Sciences, Ba- diate impacts on nitrogen levels, and simultaneously provide oth- ruch College, 17 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10010 HUHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV9DOXLQJR\VWHULPSDFWVRQGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ 2NOAA Fisheries, NEFSC Milford Laboratory, 212 Rogers PD\EHGLI¿FXOWGXHWRWKHIDFWUHPRYDOUDWHVPD\EHVLWHDQGVHD- Ave, Milford, CT 06460 VRQVSHFL¿FDQGWKXVGLI¿FXOWWRHVWLPDWH6RPHVLWHVPD\DOVRQRW 3NOAA NCCOS Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris Street, be suitable for this approach due to environmental or cultural is- Oxford, MD 21654 sues. Adaptive management approaches will be needed to address 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 Greate Road, WKHVHLVVXHVDQGSURSHUO\LQWHJUDWHR\VWHUPHGLDWHGGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ Gloucester Point, VA 23062 into the toolbox used to address eutrophication. 5Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 6 Herndon Avenue, Annapolis, MD 21403 6University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams St., Solomons, MD 20688 7Science Wares, Inc., 87 Hamlin Ave, Falmouth, MA 02540 7+(',6($6(',$*1267,&',/(00$7+(86(2)$ 8The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Ar- 129(/7(67,1*0(7+2')25'(7(50,1,1*CRAS- lington, VA 22203 SOSTREA VIRGINICA ',6($6( 35(9$/(1&($1' ,1 9US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Nar- 7(16,7< ragansett, RI 02882 $OOH[*RXUOD\ $ELJDLO.6FUR:KLWQH\-DLOOHW1HLO.DWKU\Q 10NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Wa- 0DUNH\/XQGJUHQDQG5R[DQQD6PRORZLW] ter St., Woods Hole, MA 02543 Roger Williams University, Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 11Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, County of Barnstable, P.O. Old Ferry Rd, Bristol, RI, 02809 Box 367, Barnstable, MA 02630 [email protected] 12Blue Oyster Environmental, LLC, 541 Poplar Street, Cam- Diseases plague every species. Detecting and quantifying the bridge, MD 21613 disease causing pathogens in infected tissues is both important and 13Virginia Tech, Department of Agricultural and Applied Eco- QHFHVVDU\ WR PDLQWDLQ ERWK QDWXUDO VWRFNV DQG D SUR¿WDEOH DTXD- nomics, Blacksburg, VA 24061 culture industry. The eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD is one 14The Nature Conservancy Global Oceans Team, 4245 Fairfax bivalve species that has been infected with many diseases, most no- Drive Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203 tably 3HUNLQVXVPDULQXV (Dermo), +DSORVSRULGLXPQHOVRQL (MSX), 15Ward Aquafarms, 51 N Falmouth Hwy, North Falmouth, MA and +DSORVSRULGLXPFRVWDOH (SSO). In order to determine infection 02556 levels in oysters, the two most common methods are through his- 16Boston University, Department of Biology and Department of tological examination of tissue and through Ray’s Fluid Thiogly- Earth and Environment, 5 Cummington Mall, Room 101, Boston, collate Medium (RFTM) assay. Both of these methods are time MA 02215 consuming, and unfortunately can be interpreted differently based [email protected] on the person reading the results. The lab, working with M. Go- Elevated levels of nutrients such as nitrogen, or eutrophication, mez-Chiarri at URI, has developed and is currently using a technique is a continuing challenge to coastal waterbody health. Management RIH[WUDFWLQJWKH'1$IURPVSHFL¿FWLVVXHZKHUHWKHVHSDWKRJHQV strategies have traditionally focused on reducing nitrogen input to reside, and determining prevalence and intensity using quantita- systems, but recent attention has focused on increasing the assim- tive PCR (qPCR). Plasmid controls of known copy numbers of the ilative capacity of waterbodies to accept nitrogen. Methods may pathogen have been developed, which can be used to equate back remove nitrogen from the water column through sequestration or ac- to the Mackin rating and allow for detection of pathogens down to WXDOO\UHPRYHQLWURJHQIURPWKHZDWHUERG\WKURXJKGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ FRSLHV$OOGLDJQRVWLFPHWKRGVKDYHVRPHÀDZVWKHUHIRUHWKHUH $OWKRXJKWKHDELOLW\RIR\VWHUVDQGRWKHUVKHOO¿VKWRUHGXFHQLWURJHQ are limitations to qPCR just as with other stated methods. However, OHYHOVWKURXJKVHTXHVWUDWLRQKDVEHHQUHFRJQL]HGVKHOO¿VKFDQDOVR the triplex qPCR method can quickly and accurately determine the LQFUHDVHGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQUDWHVE\SURGXFLQJELRGHSRVLWVWKDWSURYLGH abundance of these three diseases, allowing for a greater amount of WKHUHDFWDQWVDQGFRQGLWLRQVQHHGHGWRVXSSRUWGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ6KHOO- monitoring data to be generated for both aquaculturists and regula- ¿VKPD\DOVRKRXVHGHQLWULI\LQJEDFWHULDLQWKHLUWLVVXHRURQWKHLUDO NOTtors, as the environment changesCITE and pathogen ranges grow. 84 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

(9$/8$7,21 2) 7+( 5(&5($7,21$/ +$59(67 2) /$5*(6&$/( 3/$11,1* 2) ),6+ $1' 6+(//),6+ %$< 6&$//236 ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS ,1 67(,1 )$50,1*,1129$6&27,$ +$7&+(()/25,'$86$ -RQ *UDQW 1 5DPRQ )LOJXHLUD2 -RDR )HUUHLUD DQG +DUW -HQQLIHU*UDQQHPDQ1 &DPHURQ%D[OH\10LFKDHO%ROOLQJHU1 .RHSNH1 $XVWLQ +HLO2 0DWWKHZ /D*DQNH1 (ULFD /HYLQH1 :D\PDQ 1Dalhousie University, Dept. of Oceanography, LSC Ocean 3HDUVRQ1(OL]DEHWK3XGODN1DQG.HOO\:LOOLDPV1 Wing, 1355 Oxford St., PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Can- 1Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. ada B3H 4R2 Petersburg, FL 33701 2Dalhousie University, Marine Affairs Program, Life Sciences 2Mathematics & Science Education, University of Georgia, 110 Centre (Room 807), 1459 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Carlton St, Athens, GA 30602 Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2 [email protected] 3Longline Environment, 63 St. Mary Axe, London UK EC3A The bay scallop, $UJRSHFWHQLUUDGLDQV, supports a recreational 8AA ¿VKHU\DORQJWKH*XOIFRDVWRI)ORULGD7KHUHFUHDWLRQDOKDUYHVW [email protected] of bay scallops in Florida has never been evaluated using a com- Large-scale aquaculture planning and siting is not common, but ELQDWLRQ RI ¿VKHU\GHSHQGHQW DQG ¿VKHU\LQGHSHQGHQW PHDVXUHV where conducted has been on the basis of suitability criteria derived 7KHJRDORIWKLVVWXG\ZDVWRHVWLPDWH¿VKLQJDQGQDWXUDOPRUWDOLW\ in GIS; however, a more desirable approach involves carrying ca- rates of bay scallops off the coast of Steinhatchee, Florida in 2018. SDFLW\ && ZKLFKLVHDV\WRGHFODUHEXWPRUHGLI¿FXOWWRH[HFXWH In-person surveys of scallop harvesters were conducted during the The holy grail of a simple index or measure of carrying capacity is GD\VFDOORSLQJVHDVRQIURP-XQHWR6HSWHPEHU$¿VK- unrealistic, because it neglects spatial variation which is at the core ery-independent assessment of scallop abundance was conducted of the assessment. Nova Scotia is seeking to expand aquaculture before and after the scallop season. In addition, aerial surveys were activity in its numerous bays, and a large-scale assessment process used to estimate the number of vessels that appeared to be harvest- is planned between the provincial regulators and Dalhousie Univer- ing scallops during the season. Mortality of bay scallops during the sity. The foundation of all CC research is a numerical circulation VFDOORSVHDVRQZDVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ¿VKHU\LQGHSHQGHQWSUHDQG model. The widely-used open source model FVCOM has already post-season surveys of scallop abundance (A = 0.731). Estimated been deployed in multiple locations in NS. Conceptually, the ba- total harvest of bay scallops was 4.24 ± 0.49 million scallops and VLVRIVKHOO¿VK&& PXVVHODQGR\VWHUFXOWXUH LVVWUDLJKWIRUZDUG was calculated using a combination of aerial surveys to estimate - modelled depletion of phytoplankton by cultured bivalves, and a HIIRUWDQGUHSRUWHGFDWFKE\VFDOORSKDUYHVWHUV6HDVRQDO¿VKLQJ criterion for acceptable reduction in chlorophyll which maintains mortality accounted for approximately 45% of total seasonal mor- VKHOO¿VKJURZWKDQGHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV2XWSXWLVLQWHUPVRIKHFW- tality with the remaining 28% due to natural mortality. Assuming DUHVRIVXVWDLQDEOHFXOWXUHDWDURXWLQHVWRFNLQJGHQVLW\)LQ¿VK&& all scallop harvesters collect the limit of scallops results in a com- LVKDUGHUWRGH¿QHVLQFHWKH¿VKDUHQHYHUIRRGOLPLWHG,QVWHDG plete depletion of the population after 57 days; yet, the resource is FULWHULDEDVHGRQDVVLPLODWLYHFDSDFLW\QXWULHQWH[FUHWLRQDQG¿VK not depleted because most harvesters do not collect their limit. In health risk are employed. This requires models with particle track- comparison, simulations indicated that adjusting season length or LQJGHSRVLWLRQDQGVROXWHGLVSHUVLRQ2QHRIWKHNH\LVVXHVLQ¿VK season start and end dates by ± 2 weeks resulted in relatively small farming is interaction between farms, especially in terms of dis- changes in total seasonal mortality (range: 0.724 – 0.754). ease transmission, so the spatial location of multiple farms in single bays is important in simulations. These models have been rolled out in several locations in Nova Scotia, but use in multiple areas is planned. Moreover, a user-friendly software interface is being developed. The structure of the models, their application over large areas, and plans for boundary conditions and groundtruthing are discussed.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 85

())(&76 2) %5,() &2$67$/$&,',),&$7,21 (;32 81/2&.,1*7+( (;20( (;3/25,1* DE NOVO AS 685(21:,/'$1'75$16/2&$7('%,9$/9(3238 6(0%/<237,216)25&$3785(6(48(1&,1* /$7,216 -DFRE0*UHHQ DQG-RQDWKDQ%3XULW] -DVRQ*UHDU1 $GDP3LPHQWD1+DUULHW%RRWK2'RGL%RUVD\ University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Sciences, +RURZLW]1:LOVRQ0HQGR]D20DWW/LHEPDQ-DQHW1\H4&H 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 FLOLD2¶/HDU\46WHYH7HWWHOEDFK5DQG&KULV*REOHU4 [email protected] 1US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 27 Tarzwell Sequencing the genomes and transcriptomes of non-model Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882 organisms has transformed the way ecologists and evolutionary 2Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Department biologists study the marine environment. A major challenge in of Energy, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 bioinformatic studies is building robust reduced representation as- 386(QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\ 86(3$ 3RVW2I¿FH semblies in the absence of complete, well annotated genomes. High Square, Boston, MA 02109 rates of genetic polymorphism and genomic rearrangements within 4Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric VKHOO¿VKSRSXODWLRQVSRVHGLI¿FXOWFKDOOHQJHVLQVHTXHQFLQJ1HZ Sciences, 100 Nicholls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 sequencing methods, such as Expressed Exome Capture (EecSeq), 5Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd, Brookville, NY present a unique approach to these challenges. EecSeq has the po- 11548 WHQWLDOWREHDSSOLHGWRDQ\RUJDQLVPLIORFLFDQEHHI¿FLHQWO\DV- [email protected] sembled directly from capture reads. This study sought to test a GH Coastal pH and other seawater carbonate characteristics are QRYR assembly and assessment pipeline for EecSeq studies using changing as a result of ocean uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide sample reads from the eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD) to

(CO2) and metabolic production of CO2 from the seasonal decay build an exome assembly. Four transcriptome assembly programs of surplus organic matter, especially in nutrient-enriched estuar- (Oases, rnaSPAdes, Trans-ABySS, and Trinity) and one genome ies. As a result, bivalves often experience short-term exposures to assembly program (SPAdes) were utilized to build oyster exomes. FRDVWDODFLGL¿FDWLRQWKDWPD\EHHVSHFLDOO\GUDPDWLFGXULQJDTXD- To categorize these exome assemblies, the number of transcripts, culture translocation activities. This presentation describes results N50 values, annotation rates, BUSCO, and read mapping were IURPWUDQVORFDWLRQRIMXYHQLOH P 0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD to used. No single assembly outperformed all others across assess-

Narragansett Bay after laboratory pre-exposure to levels of pCO2 ment parameters. The Oases assembly had the highest N50 values

(partial pressure of CO2) already reported for northeastern US es- (2147 bp) but exhibited an elevated annotation (169,198 genes); tuaries (mean pCO2 DQGDWP 5HVXOWVLQGLFDW- while Trans-ABySS annotation (40,964 genes) was closest to the ed a period of lower shell integrity, altered shell mineral structure, predicted number of oyster genes (55,531 genes) and showed the and histopathological changes in pre-exposed clams, followed by most complete BUSCO percentages. All EecSeq de novo assembly partial recovery of these characteristics after several weeks in the UHDGVPDSSHGUHÀHFWHGWKHSURSRUWLRQDODEXQGDQFHRIJHQHVLGHQ- bay. A separate study is also described, wherein population dy- WL¿HGLQWKHHDVWHUQR\VWHUJHQRPH7KLVVWXG\SUHVHQWVFRPSHOOLQJ namics in 0PHUFHQDULDZHUHTXDQWL¿HGIURPD\HDUGDWDVHW evidence that EecSeq can provide a cost and time effective solution from Great South Bay, New York, and then used to assess the effect for building complete de novo assemblies. of plausible CO2 exposures during the larval phase on population SHUVLVWHQFH5LVNZDVGH¿QHGDVWKHSUREDELOLW\RISRSXODWLRQ decline within 5 years, disregarding potential synergisms with other stressors, and was predicted to increase from 25% to 79% when $0(7+2'72(;3(5,0(17$//<3(5785%7+(*87 daytime pCO2ZDVLQFUHDVHGIURPWRDWPGXULQJWKHODU- val phase. While most prior studies relied primarily on inferences 0,&52%,20(2)7+(%/8(0866(/ MYTILUS EDU- IURPODERUDWRU\H[SRVXUHVDORQHWKHVWXGLHVGHVFULEHGKHUHUH¿QH LIS :,7+$17,%,27,&6 WKRVHLQIHUHQFHVDQGLQGLFDWHWKDWZLOGDQGDTXDFXOWXUHGVKHOO¿VK 7\OHU:*ULI¿Q %ULGJHW$+RORKDQ/LVD1LJURDQG-(YDQ SRSXODWLRQVLQQRUWKHDVWHUQ86HVWXDULHVIDFHVLJQL¿FDQWQHDUWHUP :DUG ULVNIURPDFLGL¿FDWLRQ University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 W\OHUJULI¿Q#XFRQQHGX Over the last decade, it has become evident that animal-associ- DWHGPLFURELRPHVRIWHQFRQWULEXWHVLJQL¿FDQWO\WRKRVWSK\VLRORJL- cal processes. The interactions between bivalve molluscs and their gut microbiota are not well-understood. The contribution of gut mi- DO NOTcrobiota to host physiology CITEcan be assessed experimentally using 86 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

model animals with perturbed microbial communities. A method *(1(7,&6$1' %5((',1* )25 6&$//23$48$&8/ for diminishing the gut microbiome of the blue mussel, 0\WLOXV 785( HGXOLV, has been developed and validated. Adult mussels were ex- ;LPLQJ*XR posed to antibiotics while being housed in individual microcosms 5XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\'H- with sterile seawater. After three weeks, the gut microbiomes of an- partment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, 6959 Miller Avenue, tibiotic-exposed mussels were analyzed via community 16S rRNA Port Norris, NJ 08349 DPSOLFRQ VHTXHQFLQJ DQG FRPSDUHG WR FRQWUROV WR FRQ¿UP DOWHU- [email protected] ations to the gut microbiome. After the antibiotic treatment period, Scallop aquaculture is one of the most important mariculture PXVVHOVKDGDVLJQL¿FDQWO\DOWHUHGJXWWD[RQRPLFFRPSRVLWLRQZLWK industries in the world. World aquaculture production of scallops reduced alpha-diversity compared to control groups. Importantly, reached 2.2 million metric tons in 2017, and over 99% of the pro- this protocol for disturbing the gut microbiome will likely work on duction was from six countries, China, Japan, Peru, Russia, Chile other groups of suspension-feeders, and the resulting animals are DQG.RUHDDQG¿YHVSHFLHVED\VFDOORS$UJRSHFWHQLUUDGLDQV, Chi- eligible for use in subsequent experiments. This method for bivalve nese scallop, &KODP\VIDUUHUL, Japanese scallop, 0L]XKRSHFWHQ\HV- microbiome perturbation will serve as a powerful tool in future en- VRHQVLV, noble scallop, 0LPDFKODP\VQRELOLs, and Peruvian scallop, deavors to investigate the symbiosis between bivalves and their gut $UJRSHFWHQSXUSXUDWXV. Several other species are cultured at small microbiome. or experimental scales in many other countries. Aquaculture of most scallop species faces some challenges including slow growth, diseases and unexplained mass mortalities. The Chinese scallop has been seriously affected by disease caused by an ostreid herpes-like virus since 1994. The Japanese scallop cultured in China has been 5(6,/,(1&(72 )22' '(35,9$7,21$ &$6( 678'< experiencing mass unexplained mortalities since 2007, and similar 2)6($85&+,1/$59$( mortalities have also been observed in Canada. The noble scallop $QGUHZ:*ULI¿WK 7&)UDQFLV3DQ-DVRQ:DQJ0HOLVVD and introduced bay scallop in China have also experienced heavy 'HODWRUUH1LQJ/LDQG'RQDO70DQDKDQ mortalities. Genetic improvement of cultured scallops is needed to The University of Southern California, Department of Biologi- support sustainable development of scallop aquaculture. Genetic cal Sciences, 3551 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 research has been conducted to develop genetic markers, genetic [email protected] maps, mapping and understanding of production traits in scallops. Global increases in temperature and temporal changes in food Genomes and transcriptomes of several scallop species have been availability are impacting the timing of larval life-cycles, leading sequenced, and many candidate genes involved in scallop develop- to trophic mismatches. While food-and-feeding mismatches are ment, reproduction, immune and stress responses have been iden- well documented, few studies have addressed the physiological WL¿HG7ULSORLGVFDOORSVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGLQDOOPDMRUVSHFLHV mechanisms of possible resilience to extended periods of star- demonstrating enlarged adductor muscles, although production of vation. Here, we present an analysis of biochemical and physi- tetraploids remains a challenge. Selective breeding has contributed ological responses to varying periods of starvation for larvae of to scallop aquaculture, and genome-based selection is expected to the purple sea urchin (6WURQJ\ORFHQWURWXVSXUSXUDWXV). In addition speed up genetic improvement of cultured scallops. to analyses of survival and metabolic activities (e.g., biochemical composition, respiration, and biosynthesis) of starved larvae, the ability of such larvae to recover once a source of nutrition becomes available is documented. Physiological analyses of resilience to changes in food availability provide new insights into the ability of larval forms to respond to a changing ocean.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 87

)520 6(48(1&( 72 &216(48(1&( *(120,& 6( a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for /(&7,21 72 (;3$1' $1' ,03529( 6(/(&7,9( HI¿FLHQWJHQRW\SLQJ7KH613DUUD\ZLOOEHXVHGWRFKDUDFWHUL]HVH- %5((',1*)257+(($67(512<67(5 lected lines and establish genotype-phenotype association for key ;LPLQJ*XR1 6WDQGLVK$OOHQ-U2'LQD3URHVWRX%DVVHP$O production traits such as resistance/tolerance of diseases, low-sa- ODP40DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL50DWWKHZ+DUH60LQJ/LX7.D OLQLW\WROHUDQFHRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQDQGK\SR[LD7KHDUUD\ZLOOEH WLH/RWWHUKRV3HWHU.XEH/RXLV3ORXJK-RQDWKDQ3XULW]11 used to implement genomic selection at several breeding programs. 3DXO 5DZVRQ12 -HVVLFD 6PDOO2 5RELQ9DUQH\ .ODUD9HUE\ Lines produced by genomic selection and traditional breeding la14*DU\:LNIRUV15DQG$PL:LOEXU will be evaluated in seven states along the Atlantic coast to iden- 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ tify best performing stocks for each region. The development and 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 implementation of these tools are expected to accelerate genetic 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1375 Greate Rd., Glouces- improvement of the eastern oyster, by streamlining the breeding ter Pt., VA 23062 process, increasing selection precision, lowering long-term costs 386'$$561&:0$&6KHOO¿VK*HQHWLFV/DE)ODJJ5G and enabling advanced breeding across the region. The project has Kingston, RI 02881 begun whole-genome resequencing for SNP discovery and array 4Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric design. Latest results will be presented and discussed. Sciences, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 5University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881 6Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, 205 Fer- now Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 7+5(6+2/'62),175$*(1(5$7,21$/P&22&21', 7Morgan State University, Patuxent Environmental and Aquat- 7,21,1* 21 0(7$%2/,60 $1' 2;,'$7,9( 67$786 ic Research Laboratory, 10545 Mackall Road, Saint Leonard, MD 2)-89(1,/(3$&,),&*(2'8&.PANOPEA GENERO- 20685 SA 8Northeastern Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, 6DPXHO-*XUU1 6KHOO\7ULJJ%UHQW9DGRSDODV26WHYHQ% MA 01908 5REHUWVDQG+ROOLH03XWQDP1 9CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas- 1University of Rhode Island, College of the Environment and mania 7001 Life Sciences, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 10University of Maryland, Horn Point Lab, 5745 Lovers Lane, 2University of Washington, Washington Sea Grant, 3716 Brook- Cambridge, MD 21613 lyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 11University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- 3University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sci- es, 120 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 ences, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 12University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, 5751 Murray [email protected] Hall, Orono, ME 04469 Oxidative stress is known to induce positive carry-over effects 138QLYHUVLW\RI1RUWK&DUROLQD:LOPLQJWRQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK and is a hypothesized driver of stress “memory” and enhanced Hatchery, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Ln., Wilmington, NC 28409 lifespan in long-lived bivalves. Stress conditioning may induce ad- 14CSIRO Data61, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601 vantageous phenotypes for sustainable aquaculture; however, the 15 Milford CT Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, 212 Rogers Avenue, importance of the magnitude of pCO2 stress for establishment of Milford, CT 06460 stress “memory” as an acclimatory mechanism to cope with subse-

[email protected] quent exposure remains understudied. To test whether pCO2 stress The eastern oyster supports an important aquaculture industry HOLFLWVEHQH¿FLDOUHVSRQVHVXQGHUVXEVHTXHQWHQFRXQWHUVSRVWODU- along the east coast of the United States. The sustainable devel- YDO aGD\VROG 3DFL¿FJHRGXFNFODPV3DQRSHDJHQHURVDwere opment of eastern oyster farming depends on continued improve- conditioned for 120 days in ambient and elevated pCO2 conditions ment of cultured stocks through advanced breeding technologies. DWP DQG DWP UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0HWDEROLF UDWH VKHOO The Eastern Oyster Breeding Consortium (EOBC) was formed to length, and total antioxidant capacity were measured three times advance genetics and breeding of the eastern oyster for the aqua- in a 7-day period under three pCO2 conditions: ambient (740 ± 40 culture industry. Members of the EOBC have developed oyster DWP PRGHUDWH DWP DQGVHYHUHpCO2 (4876 ± 101 strains with improved disease resistance through selective breeding DWP . Measurements were repeated during a subsequent 7-day and sequenced the eastern oyster genome. In this project funded SHULRG RI DPELHQW UHFRYHU\ DWP EHIRUH UHFLSURFDO by NOAA Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, the con- H[SRVXUH WR DPELHQW DWP DQG PRGHUDWH sortium seeks to accelerate and expand eastern oyster breeding DWP IRUDVHFRQGGD\SHULRG&ODPVUHDUHGLQHOHYDWHGpCO2 for all growing regions on the east coast by developing, testing, had greater metabolic rates and antioxidant capacity in response to and verifying genome-based breeding. The project is developing moderate pCO than clams reared in ambient conditions, suggesting DO NOT2 CITE 88 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

an effect of preconditioning on energy homeostasis and redox ())(&762)PHAEOBACTER INHIBENS6352%,27,& status. Additionally, clams both reared under elevated pCO2 and 21/$59$/2<67(5%$&7(5,$/&20081,7,(6 1 2 4 exposed to severe pCO2 exhibited elevated respiration rates upon .HHJDQ+DUW 5HEHFFD6WHYLFN (ULQ5REHUWV %DKDD1RRUL re-exposure to moderate pCO2 LQGLFDWLQJDQLQÀXHQFHRIVWUHVVGX- DQG0DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL UDWLRQ DQG LQWHQVLW\ RQ PHWDEROLF SHUIRUPDQFH ,QWHQVLW\VSHFL¿F 1The University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Sci- stress conditioning reveals thresholds of exposure that may gener- ences, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 ate advantageous phenotypes for commercial production. 2The University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanog- raphy, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 3The University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, An- imal, and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 4The University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Mo- $ 35(/,0,1$5< :+2/(*(120( 7(67 )25 $'$3 lecular Biology, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 7,9(',))(5(17,$7,21,1$1,62/$7('/2:6$/,1 [email protected] ,7<($67(512<67(53238/$7,21 Larval eastern oysters, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD grown in shell- 0DWWKHZ3+DUH DQGtaxonomy using the QIIME2 program. Probiotic by this population is of interest for two reasons: (1) in all other treatment with 3KDHREDFWHULQKLEHQV S4 altered the larval micro- estuaries, adaptation to low salinity in upper estuary oysters is con- bial community in both trials, but in different ways depending on VWUDLQHGE\PDODGDSWLYHJHQHÀRZIURPORZHULQWKHHVWXDU\VR WKHWULDO,Q7ULDOWKHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWLQFUHDVHLQ9LEULRQDOHV this longstanding (at least 50 generations) HBTZ circumstance may abundance in three of the six S4 treated tanks, likely due to envi- have provided uniquely high adaptive capacity; (2) strong interest ronmental variability and handling. This study demonstrates that in oyster restoration near New York City (lower HRE) generates a S4 alters the microbial communities of larval oysters in hatcheries, need for wild local broodstock to seed restored habitat, but HBTZ and suggests that changes in the environment may lead to variabil- oysters may be unsuitable if they have evolved ‘specialist’ traits LW\LQSURELRWLFHI¿FDF\7KLVVWXG\SURYLGHVK\SRWKHVHVUHJDUGLQJ ZLWK¿WQHVVWUDGHRIIVLQWKHORZHUHVWXDU\,QGHHGUHODWLYHSHUIRU- microbial - microbial interactions that could inform future studies mance of HBTZ oysters in cage experiments was only better than of mechanisms of action in probiotics. other (moderate salinity) strains in the HBTZ region, not in the lower HRE. This presentation will describe results from low-coverage whole genome sequencing of HBTZ versus East River (western Long Island Sound, NY) population samples in order to characterize genomic diversity, estimate the strength of genetic drift, and test for loci experiencing divergent selection. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 89

7+( 6($621$/ (&2/2*< 2) VIBRIO PARAHAEMO- 9$5,$7,21,1(1(5*<$//2&$7,21725(352'8& LYTICUS,1$1(:(1*/$1'(678$5< 7,21 2) 3$&,),& 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA GIGAS, IN 0HJKDQ +DUWZLFN $XGUH\ %HUHQVRQ &KHU\O $ :KLV )(55(')520&8/785((;3(5,0(176$1''<1$0 WOHU(OHQD11DXPRYDDQG6WHSKHQ+-RQHV ,&(1(5*<%8'*(702'(/6 1University of New Hampshire, Northeast Center for 9LEULR 1DWVXNL +DVHJDZD1 7RPRQRUL$]XPD\D1 7DWVX\D 8QXPD1 Disease and Ecology, 46 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 6DWRVKL :DWDQDEH2 7RVKLH 0DWVXPRWR2 $WVXVKL ,WR +LGHNL 2University of New Hampshire, Department of Molecular, Cel-

7+( ,17(5$&7,9( ())(&76 2) 7,7$1,80 ',2;,'( should shed light on molecular convergence, genomic level analy- 1$123$57,&/(6$1'/,*+721)(57,/,=$7,21$1' ses have been unsuccessful, due mainly to the absence of empirical (0%5<2*(16,62)7+(3$&,),&2<67(5 CRASSOST- controls. Woody plant species that colonized the global tropical REA GIGAS coasts, collectively referred to as mangroves, are ideal for conver- 9HQD +D\QHV1 .pYLQ 7DOOHF2 ,ND 3DXO3RQW2 3KLOLSSH 6RX gence studies. Here, the genomes/transcriptomes of 16 species be- GDQW2DQG-(YDQ:DUG1 longing in three major mangrove clades were sequenced. To detect 1University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, convergence in a large phylogeny, a CCS+ model is implemented, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 extending the more limited CCS method (convergence at conser- 2Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire des Sci- vative sites). Using the empirical control for reference, CCS+ re- ences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/ GXFHVWKHQRLVHVGUDVWLFDOO\WKXVSHUPLWWLQJWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI

UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, convergent genes with Ptrue (probability of true convergence) > 0.9. Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280 Plouzané, Products of the convergent genes tend to be on the plasma mem- France brane associated with salinity tolerance. Importantly, convergence [email protected] is more often manifested at a higher level than at amino acid (AA)

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) found in paints, sun- sites. Relative to > 50 plant species, mangroves strongly prefer 4 screens, and skin-care products are highly photoreactive, and gen- DPLQR DFLGV $$ DQG DYRLG ¿YH RWKHUV DFURVV WKH JHQRPH$$ erate reactive oxygen species when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. VXEVWLWXWLRQVEHWZHHQPDQJURYHVSHFLHVVWURQJO\UHÀHFWWKHVHWHQ- Upon entering the marine environment through product usage and dencies. In conclusion, the selection of taxa, the number of species industrial wastewater, n-TiO2 quickly agglomerate and settle to the and, in particular, the empirical controls are all crucial for detecting bottom, exposing benthic organisms. In nearshore waters, particles genome-wide convergence. This large study of mangroves is the are continually re-suspended by tidal cycling and storm events, and ¿UVWVXFFHVVIXODWWHPSWDWGHWHFWLQJJHQRPHZLGHVLWHFRQYHUJHQFH therefore, planktonic organisms are also vulnerable to exposure of irradiated n-TiO27KH3DFL¿FR\VWHU &UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV) is of high economic importance and provides crucial ecosystem services, in- FOXGLQJPDLQWDLQLQJZDWHUTXDOLW\LQWKH%D\RI%UHVWE\¿OWHULQJ ca. 30% of the total volume daily. Previous studies have shown &+$1*(,17+(*(1(7,&62)7+(3$&,),&2<67(5 3238/$7,212):,//$3$%$<:$6+,1*72186$ that irradiated n-TiO2 can arrest development in mussel larvae, and exposure to other emerging contaminants affects the fertilization 'HQQLV+HGJHFRFN DQG7&)UDQFLV3DQ and embryogenesis of &JLJDV. This study assessed the effects of University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371 n-TiO2 and natural levels of light on fertilization yield and larval development in &JLJDV. Adult gonads were stripped and gametes [email protected] were collected for fertilization and embryo-larvae assays carried The Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) has been select- LQJ3DFL¿FR\VWHUV&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV for improved yield for over out in light and dark conditions with exposure to bulk- and n-TiO2. two decades. Rodrigues de Melo et al. (2016), however, reported There was a dose-dependent response of n-TiO2 on the fertilization DUHDOL]HGJDLQLQ\LHOGRI]HURLQWKH¿IWKJHQHUDWLRQZKHUHUHDO- success of oyster oocytes. Additionally, n-TiO2 reduced the number ized gain is percent difference in least-square mean yield between of normal D-larvae compared to bulk TiO2 and control treatments. MBP and pooled control families made from “wild” stock. Among There was no effect of n-TiO2 in the dark exposures. These results the potential explanations for zero gain was that “wild broodstock suggest that n-TiO2 have the potential to limit reproductive success in oysters under natural levels of light. collected from bays with extensive oyster farming (Willapa and Dabob Bays) had received genetic contributions from spawns of MBP-derived commercial stocks.” The authors further suggested, “Genetic analysis of wild populations will be necessary to evaluate this possibility.” &219(5*(17$'$37$7,21$708/7,3/(*(120,& Such genetic analyses have now been made, for both Dabob /(9(/6$021*0$1*529( Bay (Sun and Hedgecock, 2017) and Willapa Bay, as reported here. =LZHQ +H 6KDRKXD ;X ;LDR )HQJ =L[LDR *XR DQG 6XKXD Samples from Willapa Bay (30 founders of the MBP 1996 cohort 2; 6KL 45 adults collected in 2016 for research at USC) were genotyped by Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang W Rd., Binjiang Road, high-resolution melting of 45 SNP-containing PCR amplicons (Sun

Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China et al. 2015). Average temporal variance in allele frequencies, FV =

[email protected] 0.035, yields an estimate of effective population size, Ne, of 795 Sequencing multiple species that share the same ecological (95% CI, 592–1028). As in Dabob Bay, temporal genetic change niche may be a newDO frontier of genomic studies. WhileNOT such studies appears to be driven jointly byCITE random genetic drift, likely owing to 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 91

VZHHSVWDNHVUHSURGXFWLYHSURFHVVHVDQGKLJKJHQHÀRZ$OWKRXJK ,03529,1* 7+( 2)) %27720 /,1( $66(66,1* a direct comparison with MBP stocks is still needed, the evidence 7+( &2676$1' %(1(),76 2) ',))(5(17 &8/785( IRUGULIWLVLQFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHK\SRWKHVLVWKDWJHQHÀRZIURP 0(7+2'6 21 $1 $/$%$0$ &200(5&,$/ 2<67(5 MBP-derived commercial stocks to wild populations is responsible )$50 for a realized gain in yield of zero. 6DUDK+HQVH\1 5XVVHOO*ULFH10DWWKHZ3DUNHU2-XOLDQ6WHZ DUWDQG:LOOLDP&:DOWRQ1 1$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK/DE$JDVVL]6W'DXSKLQ,V- land, AL 36528 2University of Maryland Extension, Prince George’s County 2&($1 48$+2*6 $ */,036( ,172 7+( 3238/$ 2I¿FH*URYHWRQ'ULYH&OLQWRQ0' 7,216758&785(2)7+(/21*(67/,9('121&2 3Alma Bryant High School, 14001 Hurricane Blvd, Irvington, /21,$/$1,0$/21($57+86,1*21(2)7+(/$5* AL 36544 (67$*('$7$6(76,17+(:25/' [email protected] .DWKOHHQ0+HPHRQ 1(ULF13RZHOO15RJHU/0DQQ27KH Off-bottom oyster aquaculture has been expanding in the Gulf UHVD5HGPRQG26DUD3DFH1DQG&KDVH/RQJ2 of Mexico in response to growing demand for premium, half-shell 1University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Labo- oysters. Farmers who enter the industry often adopt strategies to ei- ratory, 300 Laurel Oak Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 ther produce consistently high-quality oysters or to minimize costs. 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & 7RGDWHLWLVQRWFOHDUZKLFKVWUDWHJLHV\LHOGWKHPRVWSUR¿W$WHVW Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 of several decisions typically made by commercial oyster farmers [email protected] in the region was implemented on a model commercial oyster farm The ocean quahog ($UFWLFD LVODQGLFD) is the longest lived, with the goal of helping farmers make more informed business de- non-colonial animal on Earth, with individuals often exceeding cisions as the industry continues to grow. These decisions included 200 years of age along the eastern United States continental shelf. two different oyster ploidies, drying tactics to control biofouling, Ocean quahog landings in the United States represents a $24 mil- tumbling schedules, and brands of gear. Within one acre, 16 ad- lion industry, yet very little is known about the resiliency of the justable longlines were installed and operated according to the as- RFHDQTXDKRJVWRFNWR¿VKLQJDFWLYLW\DQGRFHDQTXDKRJUHFUXLW- signed experimental treatment (ploidy x drying x tumbling x gear ment patterns over time. Results by Pace et al. (2017) indicate that brand). Throughout the study, all input costs to establish, operate age at length data are extremely variable for this species and a ro- and maintain each line were tracked. Biological metrics such as bust age-length key cannot be created from a sparse data set (i.e. growth, survival, and oyster appearance were also tracked. As the ~20 animals per 5-mm size class). Furthermore, the longevity of oysters reached market size, commercial wholesalers and chefs this animal ensures that an individual will encounter centuries of were engaged in a blind study of willingness to pay for each ‘prod- changing bottom water conditions over a single lifespan. Environ- uct line’ to determine a fair market value. Early analysis suggests mental changes are then manifested as growth signatures within that the different treatment combinations have produced observable the shell itself and a clear acceleration of growth rate over time is differences in oyster quality among the lines as rated by quantita- documented. Unfortunately, ageing ocean quahogs is an extremely tive analysis and survey results; however, the willingness respon- time-intensive process which limits the number of ages commonly GHQWVWRSD\GLGQRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUDPRQJPRVWOLQHV2YHUDOO used to generate an age-length key, an essential component to un- SUR¿WIRUHDFKOLQHLV\HWWREHGHWHUPLQHGDVDQDO\VLVLVRQJRLQJ derstanding the population dynamics of a species. A total of 960 animals from Long Island and 650 animals from Georges Bank were DJHGWRSURGXFHWKH¿UVWGDWDULFKVH[VSHFL¿FDJHOHQJWKNH\VDQG age-frequency distributions for the ocean quahog. Early evidence suggests that male and female quahogs exhibit different age and length class dominances at different life stages. Age structures found at both sites suggest regular recruitment to the population despite historic presumptions of prolonged lapses in recruitment. DO NOT CITE 92 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

*52:,1* 2<67(5 $48$&8/785( ,1 *(25*,$ sanctuaries maintained by residents of the native coastal communi- 5(*8/$725<$1'32/,&<83'$7( ties. The adult clams that have been produced by the Alutiiq Pride $VKOH\+HQVRQ 6KHOO¿VK+DWFKHU\DUHODWHUKDUYHVWHGDQGVKDUHGZLWKHOGHUVDQG Georgia Sea Grant Law Fellow, Marine Extension-Georgia Sea others in the communities. Hatchery techniques and enhancement Grant, University of Georgia, strategies continue to be adapted as lessons are learned. 1030 Chicopee Complex, Athens, GA 30602 [email protected] Oyster aquaculture has tremendous potential in Georgia as newly-enacted legislation allows for its development; however, the new law also raises regulatory and policy opportunities and questions – 0$,1(6+(//),6+/($51,1*1(7:25. both at the state and local level. Serious engagement is occurring in *DEULHOOH9+LOO\HU1 %ULGLH0F*UHDY\2DQG$QGUHD3HUU\ Georgia about how the industry should best develop as well as how 1University of Maine, Department of Marine Sciences, 360 Au- this new law should be implemented to best promote and develop bert Hall University of Maine, oyster aquaculture, and avoid threats and obstacles to its expansion. Orono, ME 04469 This presentation will provide an overview of the new law and 2University of Maine, Department of Communication and Jour- rules of Georgia. While Georgia is coming later to oyster aqua- nalism, 5724 Dunn Hall, Room 420, Orono, ME 04469 culture than its neighboring states in the Southeast (Florida, South 3Broad Reach Fund, 245 Main Street, Ellsworth, ME 04605 Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia), it has the opportunity to [email protected] learn from best practices as well as challenges that have arisen 7KH 0DLQH 6KHOO¿VK /HDUQLQJ 1HWZRUN 06/1 LV DQ RUJD- in those states, making the transition to oyster aquaculture more nization centered around building relationships and improving VXFFHVVIXO7KHSUHVHQWDWLRQWKHUHIRUHZLOODOVRGLVFXVV¿QGLQJV communication between many different stakeholders within the from research identifying legal and regulatory issues related to user Maine softshell clamming community. This community faces a FRQÀLFWVWKDWKDYHDULVHQLQWKH6RXWKHDVWSDUWLFXODUO\IRFXVLQJRQ KRVW RI SUHVVLQJ LVVXHV LQFOXGLQJD PDUNHGGHFUHDVHLQ VKHOO¿VK viewshed, recreational boating, and docks. From this overview, landings, increased predation, climate change impacts, water qual- the presentation will conclude with a discussion of best practices ity impacts, and limited civic capacity for managing the resource. LGHQWL¿HGRXWRIWKH6RXWKHDVWHUQDQDO\VLV Currently, towns and community groups across the coast are working to advance solutions to these issues. More than fourteen coastal communities are installing nets to protect juvenile clams from predators, using citizen science and tidal monitoring to understand IDFWRUVLQÀXHQFLQJSROOXWLRQFLUFXODWLRQZRUNLQJWRJURZWKHTXD- &/$0*$5'(1,1*,16287+&(175$/$/$6.$86$ KRJ¿VKHU\FRQGXFWLQJDSSOLHGVFLHQFHWRXQGHUVWDQGFODPUHFUXLW- -HII+HWULFN ment patterns, and more. To help facilitate and support these efforts $OXWLLT3ULGH6KHOO¿VK+DWFKHU\32%R[6HZDUG$ODVND the MSLN has sought to support and strengthen communication by 99664 holding formal and informal scoping sessions to better understand [email protected] public perspectives about challenges in the softshell clamming Hard shell clam populations in south-central Alaska have been LQGXVWU\ QHHGV IRU ORFDOOHYHO VKHOO¿VK SURMHFW LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ on a steady decline for many years. The cause of which may be and to create learning opportunities for cross-scale coordination over harvest, predation, decadal shifts in the marine environment and adaptation. This overall network has created new spaces for DQGFKDQJHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGRFHDQDFLGL¿FD- collaboration, which can have a variety of positive impacts on the tion. It is unlikely that populations will recover without interven- overall sustainability and adaptive capacity of the Maine soft-shell tion. Clams are an important subsistence food source for residents clamming industry. in native communities in coastal Alaska. This presentation will share the processes for developing the The Chugach Regional Resources Commission Alutiiq Pride network, methodologies relating to stakeholder engagement, and 6KHOO¿VK +DWFKHU\ KDV EHHQ GHYHORSLQJ VKHOO¿VK HQKDQFHPHQW issues facing the Maine softshell clamming industry, and provide tools utilizing the sanctuary concept. The purpose is twofold: pro- insights about how collaboration between scientists, communities, vide calm resources for subsistence harvest and attempt to identify managers, and other stakeholders can improve adaptive capacity the bottleneck for population recovery. Adult clams are collected IRUWKLV¿VKHU\DQGEH\RQG and aggregated to understand the Allee effect and monitored for sexual maturation and spawn timing. Juveniles produced at the $OXWLLT3ULGH6KHOO¿VK+DWFKHU\DUHVHHGHGLQWKHVDQFWXDU\DQG monitored forDO growth and survival. The work NOTis conducted and CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 93

(19,5210(17$/ &21752/6 21 :,7+(5,1* 6<1 35263(&76 )25 *(120,& 6(/(&7,21 ,1 %,9$/9( '520(,1$%$/21($02'(/,1*678'< $48$&8/785( (LOHHQ(+RIPDQQ1 &DURO\Q6)ULHGPDQ2(ULF13RZHOO &KULVWRSKHU0+ROOHQEHFN -RKQ0.OLQFN10HOLVVD1HXPDQ4-DPHV0RRUH5,DQ7DQL Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Department of Life JXFKL6'DYLG.XVKQHU7&0HOLVVD0LQHU.DWKOHHQ+HPHRQ Sciences, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412 /HDQQH3RXVVDUGDQG/DXUD6ROLQJHU Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 600 John Kimbrough Boule- 1Old Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Ocean- vard, Suite 512, College Station, TX 77843 ography, Norfolk, 4111 Monarch [email protected] Way, VA 23508 Selective breeding is a well-established strategy for increas- 2University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sci- LQJWKHHI¿FLHQF\RIDTXDFXOWXUHSURGXFWLRQ5HVXOWVIURPVHOHF- ences, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98195 tion experiments and commercial breeding programs have shown 3University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Labo- that molluscs, particularly bivalves, tend to have high response to ratory, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 selection using individual- and family-based selection strategies. 4National Marine Fisheries Service, West Coast Region, 501 Genomic selection, which uses associations between genetic mark- West Ocean Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90802 HUVDQGORFLLQÀXHQFLQJWUDLWVRILQWHUHVWWRPRUHSUHFLVHO\SUHGLFW 5California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Marine the genetic merit of individuals, has the potential to further im- Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, University of California Da- prove genetic gains from selective breeding. Here, the prospects vis-Bodega Bay, CA 94923 for genomic selection in bivalves will be discussed, with particular 6California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 4665 Lampson emphasis on the role that the particular genetic characteristics and Ave., Ste. C, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 JHQRPHDUFKLWHFWXUHRIELYDOYHVPD\SOD\LQWKHHI¿FDF\RIJHQRP- 7Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Drive, Ventura, ic selection. CA 93001 8University of California Santa Cruz, Multi-Agency Rocky In- tertidal Network, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 [email protected] Abalone populations along the California coast have been se- $66(66,1* 7+( ())(&7,9(1(66 2) '(6,&&$7,21 verely impacted by Withering Syndrome, which is caused by a ,1 &21752//,1* %,2)28/,1* ,1 :$7(5 &2/801 rickettsia-like organism (RLO), &DQGLGDWXV;HQRKDOLRWLV FDOLIRUQ- &8/785(' 2<67(56 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, IN LHQVLV. A model that includes abalone growth, host susceptibility 7+5((&+(6$3($.(%$[email protected] showed that after the initial infection, disease progression is deter- Oysters and the equipment associated with water column oyster mined by RLO growth in the host and that continued RLO expo- aquaculture serve as habitat for a host of other organisms. These sure has little effect on the disease intensity. Simulations of RLO marine plants and animals, collectively referred to as biofouling, disease progression for red abalone exposed to warm events of days can detract from the growing conditions available to the oysters. to weeks and events that persisted for months showed that long- (IIHFWV RI WKHVH RUJDQLVPV UDQJH IURP UHGXFLQJ ÀRZ DQG IRRG term sustained warm water temperatures, as occurs during El Niño available to the oysters, to unsightly blemishes on the shell, to oys- conditions, encourage RLO proliferation in the host and enhanced ter mortality in extreme cases. Desiccation, or periodic air drying, disease progression. The model was also parameterized for black of oysters and cages has been used to control colonization by bio- abalone (+DOLRWLV FUDFKHURGLL) that are infected by RLO and by IRXOLQJRUJDQLVPV+RZHYHUWKHVSHFL¿FGXUDWLRQRIGHVLFFDWLRQ RLO with a phage (hyperparasite) that reduces the growth of the time periods has yet to be thoroughly assessed. In this project, we pathogen. These simulations show that the occurrence of the phage research the effectiveness of different temporal desiccation regimes VLJQL¿FDQWO\ UHGXFHV 5/2 ERG\ EXUGHQ DQG LQIHFWLRQ LQWHQVLW\ in controlling biofouling, and examine relevant oyster parameters This abalone model provides a tool to forecast population response associated with desiccation. to environmental variations, to guide plans for conservation and Three sites were selected for inclusion. Sites were selected restoration of wild populations, and to inform best management with differing salinity and exposure conditions. One control and practices for abaloneDO aquaculture. NOTtwo desiccation regimes wereCITE followed at each site; control (no 94 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

desiccation), eight hours of desiccation per week, and 24 hours of 86,1*$1,1',9,'8$/%$6('02'(/72)25(&$67 desiccation per week. Oysters were deployed between July - De- 7+(*(1(7,&,03$&72)+$7&+(5<%$6('2<67(5 cember 2018. 5(6725$7,21 ,Q WZR VLWHV ELRIRXOLQJ ZDV IRXQG WR EH VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU .DWKHULQH0+RUQLFN DQG/RXLV93ORXJK on non-desiccated oysters but minimal differences were observed University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, among oysters desiccated for eight or 24 hours. At one site, percent Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD coverage by a species of macroalgae increased in the desiccated 21613 oysters. Species composition varied with each site. Total percent [email protected] coverage varied both geographically and temporally. The mass-release of hatchery-produced individuals is a common but controversial management practice used to enhance, conserve, or restore populations. Slow recovery of eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) populations in the Chesapeake Bay, USA prompted a large-scale hatchery-based restoration program focused 326,7,9( ())(&76 2) 6($*5$66 9(*(7$7,21 21 in the Choptank River, Maryland. While previous work evaluat- 2<67(5*52:7+$1'6859,9$/7+528*+0,7,*$ ed potential genetic impacts of this program by estimating genet- 7,212)(19,5210(17$/675(66 ic diversity of hatchery-produced cohorts and of restored reefs in 0DVDND]X+RUL 10DVDPL+DPDJXFKL10DULRQ5LFKDUG29DO WKH ¿HOG WKH ORQJWHUP JHQHWLF LPSDFWV RI WKLV SURJUDP UHPDLQ HULH'HUROH]2DQG)UDQFN/DJDUGH2 unknown. Empirical genetic and demographic data was used to 1National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of parameterize an individual-based model (IBM) to understand the Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17- long-term genetic impacts of hatchery-based oyster restoration 5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan and to forecast the genetic impacts of future restoration strategies 2MARBEC Ifremer, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34200 both within and outside the Chesapeake Bay. The forward-time in- Sete, France dividual-based program simuPOP was used to simulate realistic, [email protected] age-structured data for oysters implementing complex life-history Global climate change has recently caused several negative IHDWXUHVVXFKDVUHFUXLWPHQWYDULDELOLW\DJHVSHFL¿FPRUWDOLW\DQG effects on oyster aquaculture such as poor spat collection due to high variance in reproductive success. The IBM will be utilized to ROLJRWURSKLFDWLRQ RFHDQ DFLGL¿FDWLRQ DQG SRRU VSDW JURZWK DQG evaluate the potential impacts of alternative restoration strategies survival due to frequent anoxic events derived from high seawa- and varying hatchery practices, with results useful for planning fu- ter temperature. These effects gradually shifted the oyster farmers’ ture restoration programs. Results will be presented and discussed concern from high production aquaculture to sustainable aquacul- in the context of management implications for hatchery-based-oys- ture. In response to the recent consideration for environmentally ter restoration. friendly aquaculture, collaborative research between France and Japan has started to achieve both sustainable oyster aquaculture and environmental conservation which aims for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Based on returning to aquaculture using the natural ecosystem interactions between oysters and seagrass 3$&,),&2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA GIGAS /266(6$1' beds, our project is now demonstrating whether aquaculture tech- 6(('/,0,7$7,216217+(86:(67&2$67 niques that take into account both mitigation and adaptation to cli- %REEL+XGVRQ1 5DOSK(OVWRQ2-RWK'DYLV1DWDOLH6DKOL1.D mate change are effective for both sustainable use of coastal areas WLH+RXOH1DQG$QGUHZ6XKUELHU1 and coastal environmental conservation. In this presentation, the 13DFL¿F6KHOO¿VK,QVWLWXWH6WDWH$YH1(2O\PSLD results clarifying the effect of eelgrass beds on (1) natural oyster WA 98502 spat collection and (2) growth and survival of oyster spat will be 2AquaTechnics Inc., P.O. Box 687, Carlsborg, WA 98324 UHSRUWHGIURP¿HOGH[SHULPHQWVFRQGXFWHGLQWKH)UHQFK0HGLWHU- 33DFL¿F +\EUHHG ,QF %HDFK 'U ( 3RUW 2UFKDUG:$ ranean Sea. The results of our experiments revealed that spat re- 98366 FUXLWPHQWZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQWKHLQWHUWLGDO]RQHZKHUHWKHUH [email protected] was no eelgrass distribution, while spat growth and survival rate 3DFL¿FFRDVWVKHOO¿VKIDUPHUVFLWHR\VWHUVHHGOLPLWDWLRQDVRQH DIWHUVHWWOHPHQWZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUZLWKLQHHOJUDVVEHGVHYHQ of the most serious constraints to industry growth. Factors impact- when anoxic events occurred. These results were derived from the ing seed production in U.S. west coast hatcheries were examined, effects of mitigating anoxia and sanitary conditions by seagrass remote set facilities and nurseries, and assisted growers with ana- vegetation, suggesting that seagrass meadows would be effective lytical and diagnostic support. The early post settlement phase is on increasingDO the sustainability of oyster aquaculture. NOTD FRPPRQ SRLQW RI 3DFL¿F CITE R\VWHU &UDVVRVWUHD JLJDV) losses, so 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 95

3DFL¿F +\EUHHG DOVR LQLWLDWHG WHVWLQJ RI D FRPELQHG VHWWLQJ DQG pling has also been implemented to calibrate and validate the sen- SULPDU\QXUVHU\V\VWHPIRUSRWHQWLDOXVHE\WKHVKHOO¿VKLQGXVWU\ sor’s data, with the deployment of: a CTD for conductivity and A survey to identify the frequency, severity and source of hatch- WHPSHUDWXUHSUR¿OHVD6HFFKLGLVFIRUZDWHUFODULW\DQGD1LVNLQ HU\UHODWHGPRUWDOLW\HYHQWVZDVLPSOHPHQWHG1XUVHULHVLGHQWL¿HG ÀDVNIRUZDWHUVDPSOHVWRHVWLPDWHFKORURSK\OOWRWDOVXVSHQGHG environmental factors (e.g. water quality and marine pathogens) matter, nutrients, as well as pigment and microscopical analysis as the primary inhibitor to production. Mortalities were ubiquitous to determine the microplankton community. The LQVLWX data will amongst nursery operations, and were most strongly associated with be complemented with satellite data, provided by the Copernicus cold temperatures, smaller seed sizes, poor water quality, and the Marine Service with, for example, chlorophyll. These data can be SUHVHQFH RI SDWKRJHQV $QDO\WLFV DW QXUVHU\ RSHUDWLRQV LGHQWL¿HG integrated to provide appealing products that are easy to use by 9RUWLFHOOD spp. ciliates and 9LEULR spp. proliferation as a source of farmers. For example, the AquaPrime app can estimate condition seed mortality, as well as bacterial contamination of algae mothers. LQGH[LQELYDOYHVZLWKRXWVDFUL¿FLQJWKHDQLPDOVDQGUHODWHWKLVLQ- Diagnostic exams performed by AquaTechnics indicated that seed formation to the environmental data. The progress of these various oysters were underfed, leading to death in nurseries and/or shortly activities will be presented at the meeting. after outplant. Due to the high occurrence of mortality in adult Pacif- ic oysters in Washington during summer 2018 and 2019, assistance was offered for diagnostic testing of adults, in addition to larvae and seed oysters. Causes for adult mortalities were not frequently linked to a single source, but were assumed to be a combination of stressors /$5*( 352-(&7(' 3238/$7,21 /266 2) $ 6$/7 including temperature and pathogen effects. This research was sup- 0$56+ %,9$/9( GEUKENSIA DEMISSA )520 6($ ported by NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant # NA16NMF4270262. /(9(/5,6( 5REHUW(,VGHOO 'RQQD0%LONRYLFDQG&DUOWRQ+HUVKQHU Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Center for Coastal Re- sources Management, William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd., Glouces- ter Pt., VA 23062 ,17(*5$7,21 2) ',))(5(17 '$7$ 6285&(6 )25 [email protected] 0$1$*(0(17 2) 2))6+25( %,9$/9( $48$&8/ Salt marshes provide a wealth of ecosystem services that are 785($76$*5(632578*$/ vital to the health, safety, and economic well-being of their prox- -RKQ,FHO\1 6RQLD&ULVWLQD2%UXQR)UDJRVR13ULVFLOD*RHOD2 imal waters and human communities. Despite their importance, -RDR*RPHV)HUUHLUD5REHUW*RUPDOO\4$QGUH/RSHV*HU salt marshes and their inhabitants are being displaced by climate DOG0RRUH6DQG)HDUJKDO2¶'RQQFKD4 change and human development along the coastline. One such 1Sagremarisco Lda., 8650-999 Vila do Bispo, Portugal inhabitant, the ribbed mussel (*HXNHQVLDGHPLVVD), is an import- 2University of Algarve, Centre for Marine and Environmental DQWELYDOYH¿OWHUIHHGHUWKDWIRUPVDPXWXDOLVWLFUHODWLRQVKLSZLWK Research (CIMA), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal smooth cordgrass (6SRUREROXV DOWHUQLÀRUD) along the US Atlan- 3Longline Environment, 63 St Mary Axe, London, EC3A 8AA tic Coast. In the Chesapeake Bay, where historically high nutri- 4Cognitive IoT, IBM Research – Ireland Damastown Ind. Park ent inputs have resulted in chronic eutrophication and subsequent Mulhuddart, Dublin 15 government-mandated improvement targets, ribbed mussels have 5BioOptika, Crofters, Gunnislake, PL18 9NQ, UK the capacity to mitigate localized eutrophication. To quantify the [email protected] potential for ribbed mussels to improve local water quality, the cur- There is an increasing effort to provide management systems rent and projected future (2050) spatial distributions of ribbed mus- that can integrate large volumes of diverse data sets from heteroge- sels in Chesapeake Bay were compared using the Mussel Distribu- neous sources, including moored sensors, autonomous sensors and tion Model (MDM). Ribbed mussel abundances were reduced by satellite data. These data can be used in models to simulate environ- more than half due to a combination of drowning marshes, coastal mental effects on the growth of cultivated species. At Sagres, SW squeeze, and a shift from higher to lower quality habitat. Mussel Portugal, a solar powered data logger with sensors for sub-surface losses were greatest along the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay, WHPSHUDWXUHVDOLQLW\FKORURSK\OOÀXRUHVFHQFHWXUELGLW\DQGRSWL- with modest gains further up the tributaries. These results highlight cal conditions have been installed on a signal bouy for offshore the importance of soft features in the future tidal extent to promote mussel aquaculture. Data from these sensors are transmitted every marsh transgression and maintenance of quality marsh edges for two hours to a cloud-based platform, or downloaded manually and future mussel populations. The large reductions in mussel abun- subsequently transferred to the platform, together with information dance throughout the study area will have considerable impacts on on mortality and growth of an experimental cohort of mussels that WKHLUHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV !UHGXFWLRQLQ¿OWUDWLRQDQGQLWURJHQ is monitored monthly to simulate the farmer’s current production UHPRYDO PDNLQJLWPRUHGLI¿FXOWWRPHHWZDWHUTXDOLW\VWDQGDUGV protocol forDO the mussel aquaculture. Classical oceanographicNOT sam- as coastal populations are CITErapidly increasing. 96 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

,03$&7 2) +($7(' ())/8(17 )520 7+( 2<67(5 inhibitory and hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane. GLC dopa- &5((. 18&/($5 *(1(5$7,1* 67$7,21 21 $'8/7 mine receptors are D2-like (D2R), which open G protein-coupled %/8( &5$%6 ,1 %$51(*$7 %$< 1(: -(56(< 86$ inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) causing hyperpo- 3$8/5-,92))1 6$08(/%&26%<11$20,$-$,1 larization. It is unknown if GLC have GIRK or if hyperpolarization $5,1(2 &$6(< & .$8)0$111 $1' 0$5*$5(7 ( LV LQYROYHG LQ FLOLRLQKLELWLRQ ,PPXQRKLVWRÀXRUHVFHQFH H[SHU- 720$<.21 iments with GIRK antibodies showed GIRK is present. Physiol- 1Rider University, 2083 Lawrenceville Rd., Lawrenceville, NJ ogy experiments with ML297, a GIRK activator, hyperpolarized

08648 the membrane but did not change cilia beating. BaCl2, a GIRK in- 2Rutgers University Marine Field Station, 132 Great Bay Blvd., hibitor, did not change membrane potential or cilia beating. How-

Tuckerton, NJ 08087 ever, applying dopamine after BaCl2, decreased cilia beating but

[email protected] not membrane hyperpolarization indicating BaCl2 was effectively Studies of the impacts of power plants on estuarine organisms blocking GIRK channels. Gills also were treated with manganese, are rare. The Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS) a neurotoxin causing manganism, a Parkinsons-like syndrome in EHJDQ UHOHDVLQJ KHDWHG HIÀXHQW LQWR %DUQHJDW %D\ LQ \HW humans. Manganese interferes with cilio-inhibition and blocks hy- we know little about its impact on the Bay. In October 2018, the perpolarization of dopamine in GLC of &YLUJLQLFD. Manganese 2&1*6VKXWGRZQKDOWLQJWKHUHOHDVHRIKHDWHGHIÀXHQWLQWRWKH did not affect GIRK activation or inhibition, suggesting the toxic %D\WKHUHE\SURYLGLQJWKHXQLTXHRSSRUWXQLW\WRWHVWWKHLQÀXHQFH effect of manganese on the dopamine system is not involved in of the OCNGS on adult blue crabs by comparing adult population altering GIRK activity, but rather activation of D2R. The study characteristics before and after the shutdown in an area nearest differentiates steps of D2R signaling pathway involved with cilia WKHHIÀXHQWDQGRQHIDUIURPWKHHIÀXHQW:LWKLQHDFKDUHDWUDS beating from those controlling membrane potential. The study also sampling occurred in three estuarine habitats including the mouth shows manganese does not affect GIRK in GLC. This is important of marsh creeks, thus sampling occurred inside and outside the because the neurotoxic mechanism of manganese is not fully re- SOXPHRIWKHFUHHNFRQWDLQLQJKHDWHGHIÀXHQWDQGDQDGMDFHQWFUHHN solved and lack of effective treatment for manganism in humans ZLWKRXWHIÀXHQW%HIRUHWKHVKXWGRZQEOXHFUDEDEXQGDQFHSDU- LVDPDMRUREVWDFOHLQLWVFOLQLFDOPDQDJHPHQW7KH¿QGLQJVIXUWKHU WLFXODUO\ RI DGXOW IHPDOHV ZDV JUHDWHU LQVLGH WKH KHDWHG HIÀXHQW understanding of D2R signaling pathway as well as manganese as compared to outside the plume and the adjacent non-impacted neurotoxicity. Supported by grants 2R25GM06003 of NIGMS, creek mouth. In addition, relatively more females in the heated NIH K12GM093854-07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. HIÀXHQWKHOGHJJVLQPRGHUDWHDQGDGYDQFHGVWDJHVRIGHYHORSPHQW than in the non-impacted creek. These differences were more pro- nounced during cooler ambient temperatures. After the shutdown, these differences were absent suggesting adult female blue crabs DUHGUDZQWRWKHZDUPHIÀXHQW$FFHVVWRWKHKHDWHGHIÀXHQWPD\ 7+( 728*+ 3(23/( %(+,1' 7+( 7(1'(5 &/$06 hasten egg development leading to a longer spawning season, how- 2&&83$7,21$/+($/7+$1'6$)(7<6833257)25 ever if females are indeed spawning at the mouth of Oyster Creek &/$0 0$5,&8/785,676 ,1 &('$5 .(< )/25,'$ WKLVPD\QRWEHEHQH¿FLDOIRUWKHSURSHUGHYHORSPHQWRUVXFFHVVIXO USA recruitment of the resultant larvae. $QG\.DQH 0HOYLQ0\HUV15REHUW'XUERURZ.LP'XQ OHDY\5HEHFFD5DVKDQG5RVV%URRNV 1Southeastern Coastal Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, PO Box 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 2University of Florida, Department of Environmental and Glob- * 3527(,1&283/(' ,1:$5'/<5(&7,)<,1* 32 al Health, PO Box 110885, Gainesville, FL 32611 7$66,80 &+$11(/ *,5. $1' 7+( &21752/ 2) 3Kentucky State University, School of Aquaculture and Aquatic *,// /$7(5$/ &(// 0(0%5$1( 327(17,$/ $1' Sciences, 400 East Main Street, Frankfort, KY 40601 &,/,$5(63216(2)CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA 4University of Florida, Department of Physical Therapy, PO $OH[FLD-RKQVRQ1 6KDWHPD6PDOO20RKDPHG(LG1(GZDUG- Box 100154, Gainesville, FL 32611 &DWDSDQH1DQG0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO1 NDQH#XÀHGX 1Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford )DWDOLW\GDWDIRUFRPPHUFLDO¿VKLQJLQGLFDWHWKDWVHDIRRGKDU- Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 vesting is among the most dangerous occupations nationwide. 2Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, Non-fatal injuries, disorders, and risk factors in the industry lack 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 documentation and are poorly understood. In support of sustainable [email protected] domestic seafood production, and seafood worker well-being, this Gill lateral cells (GLC) of &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD are controlled study discerned the prevalence of occupational health outcomes for by serotoneric-dopaminergicDO innervations. DopamineNOT is cilio- clam farmers in Cedar Key,CITE Florida. 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 97

3DUWLFLSDQWV Q UHSUHVHQWLQJ ¿YH GLIIHUHQW SURGXFWLRQ ID- Starting with a basic technology in use in the 1970s at the East- cilities with varying protocols and equipment, contributed data ern Shore Laboratory of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, through in-person survey interviews. Average participant age was WKHSURGXFWLRQPHWKRGVRIWKH0DUWKD¶V9LQH\DUG6KHOO¿VK*URXS 45yo (range 21-59); 73% were captains or skippers, and remaining hatcheries over the past 40 years have generally been kept simple. participants were deck hands; all were Caucasian, 80% were male, ZHUHPXOWLJHQHUDWLRQDO¿VKHUVDQGLQFRQWUDVWWRRWKHU*XOI ¿VKLQJVHFWRUVPRVW KDGVRPHIRUPRIKHDOWKLQVXUDQFH Occupational health and safety concerns included stingray punctures, heavy lifting, sea conditions, slips, falls, machinery and 675$7(*,(6 72 (1+$1&( %$< 6&$//23 3238/$ diving. Work-related injuries requiring medical attention, time off 7,216210$57+$¶69,1(<$5' WKH ZDWHU DQGRU UHVXOWHG LQ UHGXFHG DELOLW\ WR SHUIRUP VSHFL¿F 5LFKDUG&.DUQH\ work tasks, was reported by 73% of participants. Traumatic sting- 0DUWKD¶V9LQH\DUG6KHOO¿VK*URXS,QF32%R[2DN ray injuries occurred in 40% of the participants; all but one reported Bluffs, MA 02557 between 2-9 puncture injuries. Chronic lower back pain associat- [email protected] ed with heavy lifting and repetitive tasks was reported by 73% of Bay scallop populations are generally in decline throughout participants. Data share-back, prevention, and capacity-building their range due to a number of factors including pollution, loss of to address occupational health and safety is being conducted with habitat and harmful algal blooms. Due in large part to the short life support from the Cedar Key Aquaculture Association. A resultant span of the species, bay scallop populations, even under good con- participatory ergonomics self-management study has shown im- ditions, are notoriously unstable in both time and space. The valu- provements in back pain-related disability. This project is support- DEOH¿VKHU\GHSHQGHQWRQWKHKDUYHVWRIDVLQJOH\HDUFODVVOLNH- ed through the Southeastern Coastal Center for Agricultural Safety ZLVHÀXFWXDWHVDQQXDOO\)DLOXUHRIDVLQJOH\HDUFODVVFDQHOLPLQDWH and Health, and Florida Sea Grant. the broodstock of a local population. In such cases without management interventions, restoration of a local population depends upon chance inputs of larvae from a distant part of the metapopulation. Widespread recruitment failures within the metapopulation can eventually extirpate the species from a region. +$7&+(5,(6 '21¶7 +$9( 72 %( &203/,&$7(' +DWFKHU\DQG¿HOGPHWKRGVWRHQKDQFHDQGVWDELOL]HORFDOED\ .((3,1*,76,03/( scallop populations on Martha’s Vineyard are discussed including 5LFKDUG&.DUQH\ the use of spat bags for both nursery culture of hatchery seed and 0DUWKD¶V 9LQH\DUG 6KHOO¿VK *URXS ,QF 32 %R[ 2DN ZLOGVSDWFROOHFWLRQDQGWKHXVHRIÀRDWLQJ³VSDZQLQJVDQFWXDU\´ Bluffs, MA 02557 cages to increase wild spawning success. [email protected] Although all bivalve hatchery systems need to address common requirements for successful algal, larval and juvenile culture, the methods employed to meet those needs vary. No two hatcheries DUHH[DFWO\DOLNH1RRQHVL]H¿WVDOO7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHYD- 0($685(0(17 2) %,2*(2&+(0&,$/ )/8;(6 ,1 riety of individual technologies in use today can be compared to 2<67(55(()(19,5210(176 an evolutionary process, wherein an initial methodology morphs 0/LVD.HOORJJ1 -HIIUH\&&RUQZHOO2DQG0LFKDHO62ZHQV2 to meet the needs of the operation and the site and, if successful, is 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & SDVVHGRQDQGIXUWKHUUH¿QHG*HQHUDOO\KDWFKHU\WHFKQRORJ\KDV Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062 grown more complex over time. However impressive that technol- 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, ogy has become, more specialization is not necessarily better. Why Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, Maryland, 21613 incorporate all the bells and whistles, when a simpler system gets [email protected] the job done? By their nature, the more complex the systems, the (VWLPDWHV RI WKH HIIHFW RI R\VWHU UHHIV RQ GHQLWUL¿FDWLRQ DQG more things that can go wrong. Success is based on reliable and RWKHUELRJHRFKHPLFDOÀX[HVYDU\E\RUGHUVRIPDJQLWXGHSRWHQ- HI¿FLHQWSURGXFWLRQ'HSHQGLQJRQWKHVLWXDWLRQFRPSOH[LW\FDQ tially due to differences in approaches to assessment. A series of be an obstacle. This is especially true for smaller operations and three experiments were used to explore the effects of assessment those in developing countries where the expense and maintenance DSSURDFKRQÀX[UDWHVDQGWRDVVHVVWKHUHODWLYHPDJQLWXGHRIÀX[HV of sophisticated, specialized hardware are a liability. Hatchery in reef sediments versus those in intact segments of reef material. systems are essentially life support systems that when down re- ,QDVRIWVHGLPHQWKDELWDWVXLWDEOHIRUR\VWHUUHHIUHVWRUDWLRQÀX[HV + TXLUHTXLFN¿[HVZLWKWKHPDWHULDOVDQGSHUVRQQHORQKDQG$VLQ of oxygen (O2), ammonium (NH4 ), combined nitrate and nitrite

QDWXUHÀH[LELOLW\LQKHUHQWLQVLPSOHGHVLJQRIWHQWUXPSVULJLGRYHU (NOx), dinitrogen gas (N2) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) specialization.DO NOTmeasured using sediment coresCITE (0.0038m2) were generally similar 98 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

WRWKRVHPHDVXUHGXVLQJÀX[WUD\V P2 DQGWKHIHZVLJQL¿FDQW ral patterns in landings may be substantial. Increasing importance differences found were of relatively small magnitude. In contrast, of winter landings in SC, for instance, may be due to increasing ÀX[ WUD\V FRQWDLQLQJ LQWDFW VHJPHQWV RI R\VWHU UHHI LH R\VWHUV abundance of shrimp in NC and VA and their southward winter VKHOOVHGLPHQWVDQGDVVRFLDWHGELRWD KDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\JUHDWHUVHG- migrations. This presentation will use state and seasonal trends in iment oxygen demand than those containing either oyster shell and commercial landings to explore a regional framework for the future sediments or sediments alone under both dark and light conditions. RIWKHFRPPHUFLDOZKLWHVKULPS¿VKHU\ Incubation of intact reef segments and sediment cores collected IURPZLWKLQWKHVDPHUHHIGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWELRJHRFKHPLFDOÀX[HV for intact reef segments were generally at least an order of magnitude greater than those for sediments alone, suggesting that the majority of biogeochemical transformations within the reef are associ- 86,1*67$7(:,'('(02*5$3+,&$66(660(1762) ated with the reef material (i.e. oysters, oyster shell and associated 7+(($67(512<67(5CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA72 biota) rather than with the sediments. Experiments demonstrate ,1)2505(6725$7,21$1'0$1$*(0(17())2576 that inclusion of a representative sample of the oyster reef habitat ,16287+&$52/,1$86$ in the incubation chamber is required for accurate biogeochemical 3HWHU5.LQJVOH\6PLWK1 *DU\:6XQGLQ1*UDKDP$:DJ ÀX[PHDVXUHPHQWVLQR\VWHUUHHIHQYLURQPHQWV QHU1DQG5RQDOG%'\DU2 1Marine Resources Research Institute, Marine Resources Divi- sion, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412 22I¿FHRI)LVKHULHV0DQDJHPHQW0DULQH5HVRXUFHV'LYLVLRQ 6+,)7,1* 3+(12/2*< 2) &200(5&,$/ :+,7( South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort John- 6+5,03/$1',1*6,16287+&$52/,1$86$7+( son Road, Charleston, SC 29412 52/(62)6+5,030,*5$7,21$1'&/,0$7( [email protected] 0LFKDHO5.HQGULFN1 -HII)%UXQVRQ1$P\'XNHV 2DQG3H The South Carolina coastal ecosystem includes more than 5,000 WHU5.LQJVOH\6PLWK1 acres of intertidal oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) reef habitat, com- 1Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Depart- prising more than 170,000 individual reefs. This network of reefs ment of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, supports a suite of important ecological services, while facing an- Charleston, SC 29412 thropogenic pressures from recreational and commercial harvest- 22I¿FHRI)LVKHULHV0DQDJHPHQW6RXWK&DUROLQD'HSDUWPHQW ing, stressors from increasing coastal development, and biotic pres- of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charles- sure from predation and disease. Beginning in the fall of 2015, in ton, SC 29412 response to reports of localized oyster “die-off” events among wild [email protected] populations of &YLUJLQLFDUHVHDUFKHUVDWWKH6&'15LGHQWL¿HG White shrimp (3HQDHXV VHWLIHUXV) support a valuable (~$33 the need to gain a better understanding of natural oyster mortality PLOOLRQDQQXDOO\ FRPPHUFLDO¿VKHU\LQWKH86ZHVWHUQ$WODQWLF levels. This need has since been addressed through the comple- region. Furthermore, the range of white shrimp has been expanding tion of annual, fall/winter-time statewide demographic assessments northward into North Carolina (NC) and Virginia (VA), leading to that yield data not only on recent mortality (i.e., “boxes”), but also increased commercial white shrimp landings in these states in re- on size-frequency distributions of live oysters. These assessments cent years. In South Carolina (SC) and Georgia (GA), declines in comprise quadrat-based sampling of wild, intertidal oysters at more white shrimp landings since the mid-1990s have been attributed to than 35 index stations distributed throughout the coastal region of UHGXFWLRQVLQ¿VKLQJHIIRUWHFRQRPLFIDFWRUVGLVHDVHRYHU¿VKLQJ South Carolina. This presentation will focus on the results of this and climate, leading to concerns over the future viability of the multi-year sampling effort, including descriptions of temporal and ¿VKHU\7KHPDMRULW\RIZKLWHVKULPSKDYHKLVWRULFDOO\EHHQODQG- spatial variations in both oyster mortality as well as recruitment. ed during the fall months, but recent increases in the importance Restoration approaches in South Carolina leverage high natural of winter and spring landings suggest that the phenology of the levels of oyster recruitment, focusing on the provision of suitable FRPPHUFLDOZKLWHVKULPS¿VKHU\LQ6&PD\EHFKDQJLQJ:KLWH VHWWOHPHQW VXEVWUDWHV KRZHYHU WKH HI¿FDF\ RI WKHVH UHVWRUDWLRQ shrimp are known to migrate substantial distances during their DSSURDFKHVPD\EHLPSURYHGWKURXJKWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIVSDWLDO 12- to 16-month life cycle, with a southward migration in the fall/ variability in recruitment and growth. Furthermore, these data sets winter occurring as shrimp leave relatively cool waters for warmer have the potential to inform sustainable harvest levels in a state that waters off the coasts of southern GA and Florida. As waters warm currently lacks both commercial harvest limits for oysters as well in the spring, shrimp migrate back northward along the coast. The as accurate data on levels of recreational oyster harvesting. role that shrimpDO migrations play in determining spatialNOT and tempo- CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 99

7+( 0$66$&+86(776 6+(//),6+ ,1,7,$7,9( 7+( 5(385326,1*2)%5,'*(0$7(5,$/6)252<67(5 352&(66 2) '(9(/23,1* $ +2/,67,& 67$7(:,'( 5(()&5($7,21 6+(//),6+0$1$*(0(173/$1 &-RKQ.OHLQ,,,1 DQG'RURWK\/HRQDUG2 6WHYH.LUN1 0HOLVVD6DQGHUVRQ26FRWW6RDUHV&KULV6FKLOOD 1CoastWatch Engineering LLC, 5435 Vantage Point Rd, Colum- FL46HDQ0F1DOO\5DQG&KULV6KHUPDQ6 bia, MD 21044 1The Nature Conservancy, 99 Bedford St, Suite 500 Boston, MA 2Ocean Equites LLC, 11 Mariners Way Unit 1, Stevensville, 02111 MD 21666 2The Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance, [email protected] 1566 Main Street, Chatham, MA 02633 The re-purposing of previously used construction materials is 3Massachusetts Aquaculture Association, PO Box 249, Buz- examined for the purposes of oyster reef creation in selected estu- zards Bay, MA 02532 aries in the Gulf of Mexico. The paper examines the use of mate- 4MA Div. of Marine Fisheries, 706 South Rodney French Bou- rials resulting from the demolition of transportation infrastructure levard New Bedford, MA 02744 such as bridges and tunnels. Materials consist of riprap, gabions, 5University of Massachusetts, 100 William T, Morrissey Blvd, gravel, steel and re-enforced concrete. An overview is presented of Boston, MA 02125 proprietary methods of demolition to size and process the materials 6Island Creek Oysters, 403 Washington St, Duxbury, MA 02332 in order to uniquely adapt them for use as reef substrate. [email protected] Following the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- WLRQ 12$$ 1DWLRQDO 6KHOO¿VK ,QLWLDWLYH DV KDYH VHYHUDO RWKHU states, Massachusetts is in the process of developing a Massachu- VHWWV6KHOO¿VK,QLWLDWLYH 06, 7KH06,OHGE\WKH0DVVDFKXVHWWV 3+<6,2/2*,&$/())(&762)0,&523/$67,&,1*(6 Division of Marine Fisheries, was initially conceived in 2017 by 7,21%<2<67(5/$59$( CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA Cape Cod Commercial Fisherman’s Alliance, Massachusetts Aqua- &KULVWLQH.QDXVV DQG.DWLH0F)DUODQG culture Association, and The Nature Conservancy. The original University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, intent of instituting the MSI was to develop a state-wide holistic Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD VKHOO¿VKVWUDWHJLFSODQGHYHORSHGDQGLQIRUPHGE\VWDNHKROGHUVWR 21613 PD[LPL]HWKHHFRQRPLFHQYLURQPHQWDODQGVRFLDOEHQH¿WVRIWKH [email protected] &RPPRQZHDOWKRI0DVVDFKXVHWWV¶VKHOO¿VKUHVRXUFHV A growing body of evidence shows that microplastic ingestion To date, the MSI Task Force has been established consisting causes harmful effects in many marine organisms including bivalves, of the Commonwealth’s Environmental Secretariat, state agency but little is understood on the effects of early life stage exposure, representatives, elected and appointed municipal representatives, when most vulnerable to environmental stress. The eastern oyster ¿VKHULHVDQGDTXDFXOWXUHWUDGHDVVRFLDWLRQVPHPEHUVRIWKH0DV- (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD) is a valuable ecological and economic re- sachusetts Legislature, and non-governmental organizations. The source along the east coast of the United States, making it important MSI Task Force has formed and charged committees with recom- to understand the dynamics between microplastics and oysters. This PHQGLQJUH¿QHGDQGSULRULWL]HGJRDOVRIWKH06,DQGFDWDORJXLQJ study investigates the physiological response of &YLUJLQLFDlarvae H[LVWLQJUHVRXUFHVDQGSURJUDPVUHVXOWLQJLQWKH¿UVWHYHU³VKHOO- during exposure to microplastics. Three polymers, commonly found ¿VKVLWXDWLRQDODQDO\VLV´$VDQLWHUDWLYHSURFHVVWKHVHFRPPLW- in the coastal environment, were chosen for the microplastic expo- tees, with extensive public and stakeholder input will recommend VXUH VROXWLRQV SRO\HWK\OHQH WHUHSKWKDODWH 3(7 SRO\HVWHU ¿EHUV future action to the Task Force. These recommendations are likely PL[RI[DQG[ȝP Q\ORQ¿EHUV PL[ to include action items for a strategic plan that balances competing [ DQG [ P DQG SRO\VW\UHQH 36 PLFURVSKHUHV GHPDQGVIRUVKHOO¿VKUHVRXUFHVZKLOHHQVXULQJHFRQRPLFRSSRUWX- PL[RIDQGȝPGLDPHWHUVSKHUHV /DUYDHZHUHH[SRVHGWRRQH QLWLHVDQGFRDVWDOHQYLURQPHQWDOLQWHJULW\DFURVVVKHOO¿VKUHVRXUFH W\SHRIPLFURSODVWLFVROXWLRQ ¿EHUVRUVSKHUHV DWRUPLFUR- users and managers, such as the aquaculture industry, wild harvest plastics mL-1 for 6 days. Physiological rates (respiration, algal clear- ¿VKHUPHQKDELWDWUHVWRUDWLRQDGYRFDWHVDQGPXQLFLSDOLWLHV ance, carbon assimilation, and growth) were measured. Preliminary UHVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW 36 PLFURVSKHUH LQJHVWLRQ FDXVHG D VLJQL¿FDQW increase in algal clearance rates and carbon assimilation in a dose-dependent manner. Growth was not affected by PS microspheres or ny- ORQ¿EHUV/DUYDO&YLUJLQLFD respond differently to different particle VL]HVZLWKGHFUHDVHGUDWHVZKHQH[SRVHGWRWKHODUJHU¿EHUV)XUWKHU results of the other parameters measured will be presented and discussed. This work details the ingestion of microplastics during the larval stage and highlights the critical need to investigate impacts of DO NOTmicroplastics at all life stages.CITE 100 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

$48$&8/785( $1' 7+( 35(66 $ 1(: :$< )25 a senior full-time lecturer at the Johns Hopkins University Carey :$5' Business School, focusing on business leadership and human val- 5RQD.REHOO17LP:KHHOHU2DQG/RXLVH6FKLDYRQH ues. She is also a widely published journalist, with recent pieces in 1Maryland SeaGrant, 5825 University Research Court, Suite National Geographic and the Los Angeles Review of Books. She 1350, College Park, MD 20740 has recently completed a short documentary, “Crisis on the Half- 2Chesapeake Bay Journal, 619 Oakwood Drive, Seven Valleys, Shell: The Chesapeake Bay.” PA 17360-9395 3Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, 100 International Drive, Baltimore, MD 21202 [email protected] [email protected] 1257+(5148$+2* +$5'&/$0 +$7&+(5<'( [email protected] 9(/230(17,17+(%(*,11,1* $QRWKHUGD\DQRWKHUUHSRUWRIDVZLPPHUJHWWLQJDÀHVKHDWLQJ -RKQ1.UDHXWHU bacteria wound, and another story telling the public they shouldn’t University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, eat raw oysters - despite the fact that raw oysters had nothing to do ME, 04005 with the wound. Business is down, your relatives are telling you 5XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ they’d never eat a raw oyster, and the reporters won’t stop calling 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 to talk to you about vibrio. This scenario plays out countless times [email protected] each summer. it doesn’t have to. In this session, we’ll help you The biology of the northern quahog (= hard clam) (0HUFHQDU- cultivate relationships with the reporters likely to cover these issues LD PHUFHQDULD Linnaeus) is unique relative to other commonly in your region, teach you how to communicate your message effec- cultured bivalve species because of its low levels of recruitment tively, and stick to some key points about aquaculture that you can WKHUHLVQRSRVVLELOLW\RIHFRQRPLFDOO\FROOHFWLQJVXI¿FLHQWVPDOO return to and won’t get you to inadvertently say something incor- (<10 mm) quahogs to provide for an aquaculture industry. This rect or taken out of context (or quoted as such.) We’ll explain how FKDUDFWHULVWLFUHVWULFWHGHDUOLHVWH[SHULPHQWVRQWKH¿HOGFXOWXUHWR you can move away from the “on the one hand, but on the other” small wild quahogs (buttons) collected while harvesting the larger narrative that reporters often follow, and explain what is a good individuals. Hatchery development was based on some technology story that you can pitch to better get your message out. We’ll talk transfer from academic and government hatcheries, but the private about the issues you’ve encountered or may in the future: opposi- sector made important contributions. It is important to recognize tion to new oyster farms, regulation and legislation that restricts that there was considerable back and forth between individuals aquaculture operations, and myths about the danger of eating oys- wishing to culture this species and the academic and government ters. This is a chance to speak directly with members of the press worlds. and get some feedback, so we’ll have lots of time for questions. This development scenario emphasizes that a lot of thought PANELISTS: Rona Kobell is a science writer and editor for needs to be given to how hatchery production is going to be uti- Maryland Sea Grant, where she is the managing editor for the mag- lized. If the molluscan aquaculture industry is going to rely on azine Chesapeake Quarterly. She was previously a reporter for the genetic improvements for disease resistance, growth enhancement Chesapeake Bay Journal and the Baltimore Sun. She has covered etc., it is imperative that the rules and regulation of interstate or aquaculture since 2006. Rona is also an adjunct professor at the inter-basin transport of seed be given major consideration. It is University of Maryland’s Philip Merrill College of Journalism, expensive to maintain special stocks and small local hatcheries will where she is pursuing a Master’s degree. not be able to sustain this maintenance unless there is a large con- Tim Wheeler spent nearly 32 years at the Baltimore Sun as a centration of growers within a regulatory entity. writer and editor before joining the Chesapeake Bay Journal as an associate editor and senior writer about four years ago. He is a former president of the Society of Environmental Journalists, and spent most of his career covering the environment. He has a B.A. from the University of Virginia and a Master’s in journalism from Columbia University. He has also worked at the Richmond Times-Dispatch and the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot. A West Virginia native, he’s been enjoying proximity to oysters, and enjoys both covering and consuming them. Louise Schiavone is a contributing anchor on National Public Radio, whereDO she can be heard several days a week.NOT She is also CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 101

1,752*(1 ),/75$7,21%< )5(6+:$7(5$1' 6$/7 6$/,1,7<72/(5$1&(2)($67(512<67(56)520 :$7(5%,9$/9(6,03257$1&(2)6(6721&2032 7+(*8/)2)0(;,&2 6,7,21 -HURPH /D 3H\UH1 6DQGUD &DVDV1:LOOLDP:DOWRQ2 'DQLHOOH 'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU .XUW0&KHQJ-RVKXD$0RRG\DQG $JXLODU6FRWW5LNDUG2-HQQLIHU%HVHUHV3ROODFN47HUU\3DOP 0DWWKHZ-*HQWU\ HU41DWDVKD%UHDX[40HJDQ/D3H\UH5DQG0RUJDQ.HOO\6 Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, 110 South Poplar Street, 1School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agri- Suite 202, Wilmington, DE 19801 cultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 [email protected] 2School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Au- Natural and cultured populations of suspension-feeding bi- burn University, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 valves affect water quality in various ways, especially when their 3School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State Uni- population size is robust relative to water residence time and seston versity Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 load. The ecosystem service generating the most attention by water 4Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas quality managers is the removal, transformation and sequestration A&M University-Corpus Christi, TX, 78412 RIVHVWRQDVVRFLDWHGQLWURJHQ%LYDOYHVPXVWFRQVXPHVXI¿FLHQWQL- 5U.S. Geological Survey, Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Coopera- trogen to satisfy their demands for growth (biosynthesis) and repro- tive Research Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Loui- GXFWLRQ JDPHWRJHQHVLV 7KHHYHQWXDOIDWHDQGIRUPRI¿OWHUHGQL- siana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 trogen (remineralization, sequestration) can vary widely depending 6Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, the animal’s nutritional status (e.g., seasonal protein sparing) and Baton Rouge, LA 70803 ecological interactions (e.g., microbial processing of biodeposits), [email protected] and more research is needed to discern these effects LQVLWX. The US Gulf of Mexico (GoM) coastline spans over 2,500 km An additional factor that is often overlooked is seston quanti- and is comprised of more than two dozen large semi-enclosed ty and quality. A re-analysis of 30 years of bivalve clearance rate HVWXDULHV ZKLFK GLIIHU VLJQL¿FDQWO\ LQ HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV studies with diverse freshwater and marine species indicated that GHSHQGLQJRQULYHUÀRZDQGZDWHUTXDOLW\'HWHUPLQLQJLIR\VWHU nitrogen concentrations in natural seston diets used in the exper- SRSXODWLRQV GHPRQVWUDWH VSHFL¿F DGDSWDWLRQV WR ORFDO HQYLURQ- iments varied by two orders of magnitude. In contrast, clearance mental conditions is important for restoration and the expanding rate variation differed by less than one order of magnitude among aquaculture industry. Wild broodstocks inhabiting a natural salin- species, after normalizing for body size and seasonal temperature. ity gradient were collected from four estuaries from northern and 1LWURJHQ¿OWUDWLRQUDWHWKHUHIRUHYDULHGPRUHZLWKVHVWRQQLWURJHQ northwestern GoM, spawned and their progenies were compared in concentration than bivalve species or salinity. ¿HOGDQGODERUDWRU\VWXGLHVXQGHUGLIIHUHQWVDOLQLW\UHJLPHV)LHOG To promote water quality throughout coastal watersheds, a oysters were deployed at a low (<10) and moderate (~15-25) sa- multi-species approach could include oysters, ribbed mussels and linity sites in Alabama. Their growth and mortality were measured several species of freshwater mussels that live in diverse niches monthly and their condition index and dermo infection intensity along the salinity gradient. Greatest nitrogen removal rates would were measured quarterly. Laboratory oysters were exposed to sa- result from restoration and enhancement tactics that promote the linity of 2, 4, 22, 38 and 44 with and without acclimation, at 25oC, greatest uplift in bivalve population biomass and in geospatial and their mortality was recorded daily. Plasma osmolality of accli- niches that have highest seston nitrogen concentrations. mated oysters was measured after a month at target salinities and their condition index was measured at the beginning and end of the 10-week study. Overall the population originating from the highest VDOLQLW\HVWXDU\SHUIRUPHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ZRUVHDWORZVDOLQLW\DQG better at high salinity than the populations from the lower salinity estuaries. Laboratory results of acclimated oysters, under con- WUROOHGFRQGLWLRQVFRUURERUDWHG¿HOGUHVXOWV

DO NOT CITE 102 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

(9$/8$7,21 2) 7+( 327(17,$/ )25 2<67(5 0( 3(5)250$1&( 2) 6833/< &+$,16 )25 81,7(' ',$7(' 1,752*(1 5('8&7,21 ,1$ &2$67$/ 6$/7 67$7(6)$50('2<67(56 321'<($57+5((),1',1*6 5REHUW 0 /DQH1 'DYLG & /RYH /LOOLDQ .XHKO .DWH 2 5 6 2 0LFKHOLQH6/DEULH 'DYLG56FKOH]LQJHU0LOHV$6XQGHU &ODQF\ %HQMDPLQ-.'DYLV -LOOLDQ3)U\ -DPLH+DUGLQJ PH\HUDQG%ULDQ/+RZHV DQG%REEL+XGVRQ7 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, School for Marine Sci- 1Virginia Tech, Virginia Seafood Agriculture Research and Ex- ence and Technology, 706 South Rodney French Boulevard, New tension Center, 102 South King St., Hampton, VA 23669 Bedford, MA 02744 2Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable [email protected] Future, 111 Market Place, Suite 840, Baltimore, MD 21202 The Town of Orleans, MA is developing nitrogen management 3Johns Hopkins University, Department of Environmental plans to restore nitrogen impaired habitats within its estuaries. As Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 part of this process the use of oyster aquaculture is being investi- North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 gated as a cost-effective option for nitrogen mediation. To this end, 4Western Washington University, Department of Biology, 516 D¿HOGH[SHULPHQWZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQZLWK¿UVWDQG High Street, Bellingham, WA, 98225 VHFRQG\HDUR\VWHUVEHLQJGHSOR\HGLQÀRDWLQJDTXDFXOWXUHEDJVLQ 5Johns Hopkins University, Department of Epidemiology, an eutrophic tidal salt pond, Lonnies Pond, a sub-embayment of Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe St, Balti- Pleasant Bay. In 2017 and 2018, the oyster deployment expanded to more, MD 21205 DQG¿UVWDQGVHFRQG\HDUR\VWHUVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 6Towson University, Department of Health Sciences, School of Oyster growth, water quality and nitrogen dynamics were moni- Health Professions, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD, USA 21252 tored relative to the oyster culture area from April to December as 73DFL¿F 6KHOO¿VK ,QVWLWXWH WK $YH 6( 2O\PSLD :$ 3KDVH,,RIDFRQWLQXLQJ6KHOO¿VK'HPRQVWUDWLRQ3URMHFWWRGHWHU- 98501 mine the number and size of oysters needed to lower nitrogen to [email protected] acceptable levels in Lonnies Pond. In this study, water quality and Farmed oysters are one of the most valuable farmed products VHGLPHQWQXWULHQWUHJHQHUDWLRQDQGGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQUDWHVZHUHPHD- in the United States (US), are highly perishable, and increasing- VXUHGRYHUWKHFRXUVHRIWKHR\VWHU¿HOGVHDVRQWRGHWHUPLQHDQG ly shipped live year-round. Temperature controlled supply chains TXDQWLI\ZDWHUTXDOLW\EHQH¿WVRIWKHVXVSHQGHGR\VWHUDTXDFXOWXUH require an unbroken chain of refrigeration to maintain product V\VWHP5HVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHR\VWHUVKDGDODUJHDQGVLJQL¿FDQW quality and safety. This study assessed the performance of supply positive effect on water clarity and lowering phytoplankton lev- chains for farmed oysters by tracking the temperature of boxes and els, with associated enhanced nitrogen removal. Also, it appears bags of oysters shipped from farms in Washington State and the that characteristics of the embayment, such as, its geometry, cur- Chesapeake Bay to 143 unique businesses in 20 U.S. states, Wash- rent velocity, and sediment type contribute to the observed effect ington D.C., and Hong Kong, China. Eighty-one percent of the of oysters on water quality and nitrogen removal. Therefore, site temperature sensors were returned with usable data. The average selection and oyster placement within an embayment must be con- product temperature among all participants was 4.4 ± 2.7°C (40 ± sidered when implementing suspended oyster aquaculture as a ni- 5°F), which is 5.6°C (10°F) cooler than the 10°C (50°F) guidance trogen management method. criterium established by the U.S. government. There were spikes in temperature in some shipments: 18% of shipments (16/91) experienced oyster temperatures above 10°C for one hour or more, and the median time spent out of temperature control was 2.5 h. V. parahaemolyticus abundance was modeled using temperature sensor data and 75% (68/91) of shipments had a net decrease in V. SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV abundance in the cold chain. There are opportunities for improvements in cold chain performance in the shell- ¿VK LQGXVWU\ VSHFL¿FDOO\ IRU R\VWHU SURGXFHUV UHODWHG WR SURGXFW cooling, for businesses such as wholesalers and freight carriers that KDQGOHVKHOO¿VKDQGIRUJRYHUQPHQWDQGLQGXVWU\JURXSVWRGHYHO- op guidance for shipping by air, among other issues. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 103

02'(//,1* +$50)8/$/*$/ %/220 ,03$&7621 (;$0,1,1*02',676072(9$/8$7(&+$1*(6,1 %,9$/9(%,2(1(5*(7,&6$1'352'8&7,9,7< &+(6$3($.(%$<:$7(5&/$5,7< 5RPDLQ/DYDXG -HDQ%UXQR1DGDOLQL25DPyQ)LOJXHLUD1 -D\/D]DU1 5RQ9RJHO'DYLG*%UXFH1DQG$QGUHZ0F -RVH%DEDUUR/XF&RPHDX4DQG5pMHDQ7UHPEOD\2 *RZDQ4 1Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford 112$$ 2+& &KHVDSHDNH %D\ 2I¿FH +DUU\ 6 7UXPDQ Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada Pkwy, Ste 460, Annapolis, MD 21401 2Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ur- 2University of Maryland Earth System Science Interdisciplinary sulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 2Z9, Canada Center, 5825 University Research Ct, Ste4001, College Park, MD 3Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 20740 36208 Vigo, Spain 3NOAA Center for Satellite Applications & Research, 5825 4Gulf Fisheries Center, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 343 Uni- University Research Ct, Ste4001, College Park, MD 20740 versité Avenue, Moncton, NB, E1C 9B6, Canada 4ERT, Inc., 8380 Colesville Rd, #100A, Silver Spring, MD [email protected] 20910 In the context of a warming ocean and coastal eutrophication, [email protected] the development of harmful algal blooms (HAB) constitutes an 2\VWHUVDV¿OWHUIHHGHUVKDYHWKHFDSDFLW\WRUHPRYHSDUWLFOHV increasing threat to aquaculture operations such as mussel farms. from the water, enhancing clarity. In the Chesapeake Bay, resto- Toxins produced during persistent HAB may affect bivalve con- ration of oyster reefs is occurring at a scale of hundreds of acres sumption safety, the physiological rates of cultivated mussels, and within individual tributaries, delivering the potential to improve WKHLUVXUYLYDO1XPHULFDOPRGHOOLQJLVDQDSSURSULDWHDQGHI¿FLHQW water clarity. Using water clarity measurements from satellite at a tool to quantify the physiological impacts of toxins and estimate spatial scale close to that of the oyster restoration effort, the notion their consequences on the energy budget of organisms. Toxin dep- that a large-scale oyster restoration effort could be linked to change uration time can also be computed in order to estimate when toxin in satellite-derived water clarity was explored. A spatio-temporal concentration in the tissues falls below safety levels. trend analysis was conducted to determine how total suspended The goal of this study was to gather experimental data and mod- matter (TSM), a measure of water-leaving radiance of the 645 el the potential impacts of HAB on mussel physiological rates and nm band, using the algorithm described by Ondrusek et al. (2012) bioenergetics through a mechanistic model based on the Dynamic varies in both time and space. Using the 2009-2017 annual TSM Energy Budget (DEB) theory. In a controlled experiment farmed geo-referenced map images, a regression analysis was run for the mussels from Prince Edward Island (Canada) were brought to the study years to determine the rate of change of TSM for Chesapeake lab, exposed to $OH[DQGULXP WDPDUHQVH for one week and then Bay. The regression slope was calculated for each TSM grid cell starved for eight weeks. Two controlled conditions included mus- giving the spatial distribution of the rate of change; and the regres- sels fed a non-harmful diet of microalgae and starved mussels for sion’s slope standard error (SSE) and R-square were calculated for the entire experiment. Filtration, oxygen consumption, growth, and each grid cell to assess the reliability of the slopes. Additionally, byssus production rates as well as toxin concentration in exposed satellite-derived TSM was compared to oyster biomass estimates mussel tissues were monitored throughout the experiment. These and sub-aquatic vegetation (SAV) coverage datasets in locations data were used to calibrate the DEB model and test potential effects of different oyster management strategies to determine whether of toxins on the metabolism of mussels. This presentation will pro- the satellite data are useful in evaluating and identifying associated vide the experimental results and the calibration of the impacts of ecological trends at the spatial scale relevant to large-scale oyster HAB on mussel bioenergetics using the DEB model. restoration.

DO NOT CITE 104 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

:,/' 96 +$7&+(5<5($5(' 63$76 2) 2<67(5 75$16&5,3720,& $1' (;35(66,21 $1$/<6,6 2) CRASSOSTREA IREDALEI$&203$5,6212)*52:7+ 7+( *(1(6 ,192/9(' ,1 (&'<67(52,'2*(1(6,6 $1'6859,9$/,1*52:287&8/785( $1'&+2/(67(52/837$.(,17+(<25*$12)7+( 0D -XQHPLH +D]HO / /HEDWD5DPRV1 &OHUHVD 6 'LRQHOD1 %/8(&5$%CALLINECTES SAPIDUS 6FKHGDU5RVH01RYLOOD25HPD&6LERQJD(OOHQ)ORU'6R (OHQD/HJUDQG17VYHWDQ%DFKYDURII17UDFH\%6FKRFN2DQG OLV1DQG-RQDV30HGLDYLOOD4 -6RRN&KXQJ1 1Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture 1Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University Department (SEAFDEC/AQD), Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021, Philippines of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, 2Department of Social Welfare and Development, Regional Of- Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202 ¿FH,ORLOR&LW\3KLOLSSLQHV 2National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Ma- 3UP Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo, 5023 Philippines rine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 4Priory of Our Lady of the Rosary, Manaoag, Pangasinan 2430, [email protected] Philippines Crustacean molting is controlled by the interplay of hormones [email protected] produced from the eyestalk ganglia and the Y-organs (YO). Oyster farming is an important source of livelihood in many Molt-inhibiting hormone and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone coastal communities throughout Asia. Oysters are a gourmet and that are synthesized and released by the medulla-terminalis of luxury food in developed countries but a cheap food in developing X-organ and sinus gland complex of eyestalk ganglia regulate the countries, such as the Philippines. They are among the most in de- secretion levels of ecdysteroid by the YO, hence determining to mand bivalve species because of their affordability to low-income hemolymph ecdysteroid concentrations during the molt cycle. It is members of the society. Because of this high demand for oysters in still unknown what triggers the YO committing to elevating ecdys- WKHFRXQWU\FDSWXUH¿VKHULHVVWDUWHGWRGHFOLQHVLQFHWKHODWHV oteroid synthesis and release. 7KLVKDVDOVRLQWHQVL¿HGR\VWHUIDUPLQJGHSHQGHQWRQZLOGVRXUFHV The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecdysteroidogene- of spats. Recent work showed dwindling oyster spat settlement in sis pathway with the changes in ecdysteroid levels occurring specif- once rich oyster beds. This study compared the growth and survival ically at early premolt (ePM). To this end, the changes in the levels of wild and hatchery-reared oyster spats in grow-out culture. of the genes potentially involved in ecdysteroidogenesis in the YO Wild spats were collected from Batan Bay, New Washington, of intermolt (IM) ePM stage are determined with transcriptomic Aklan while hatchery-reared spats produced from broodstocks col- and qPCR analyses. Putative cholesterol carriers are also examined lected from Batan Bay were obtained from SEAFDEC/AQD Oyster to understand the uptake of cholesterol as the precursor molecule of Hatchery in Tigbauan, Iloilo. Grow-out culture was done in Batan ecdysteroids, in the context of the increase in the ecdysteroid levels %D\IRUHLJKWPRQWKV%RWKLQWKH¿UVW Q DQGVHFRQGEDWFK at premolt (PM). (n=1,450) of culture, monthly growth rate (length and weight) did As expected, YO transcriptomes reveal the presence of cyto- QRWVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUEHWZHHQKDWFKHU\UHDUHGDQGZLOGR\VWHUV chromes p450 (&\S), 6SRRN, 1HYHUODQG, and &\SDinvolved 7ZRVDPSOHWWHVWS! ,QWKH¿UVWEDWFKRIFXOWXUHVXUYLY- in ecdysteroid synthesis. The increase in 6SRRN and 1HYHUODQG exp DOZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHULQZLOGR\VWHUV WKDQLQ ression in the YO is seen at the induced ePM (iePM) by eyestalk- hatchery-reared ones (90.46±1.70%) (Two-sample t-test, p<0.05) ablation, together with the concomitant increase in ecdysteroid ZKLOH QR VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH ZDV REVHUYHG EHWZHHQ WKH WZR levels. These data obtained from eyestalk-ablation (= iePM) are (Two-sample t-test, p>0.05) in the second batch of culture. The also congruent with those obtained from the ePM stage of intact results of this study showed the potential of hatchery-reared oyster DQLPDOV7KHSUHVHQW¿QGLQJVFRQ¿UPWKHUROHRI+DOORZHHQJHQHV spats as seeds for grow-out culture to address the declining number in the ecdysteroidogenesis in the blue crab, &VDSLGXV of spats settling in natural oyster beds.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 105

5$1.,1* (&26<67(0 ,03$&76 21 &+(6$3($.( FUDEDEXQGDQFHODQGLQJVUHHIUHVKHOOLQJDQG¿VKLQJSUHVVXUHZHUH %$< %/8( &5$% CALLINECTES SAPIDUS 86,1* (0 analyzed to assess each hypothesis. Published information rejected 3,5,&$/*$866,$1*5$3+,&$/02'(/6 hypothesis (i) and disease in hypothesis (ii). Oyster and predator 'RQJ/LDQJ 7KRPDV-0LOOHU*HQHYLqYH01HVVODJHDQG abundance data rejected predation by the rock snail and stone crab 0LFKDHO-:LOEHUJ LQK\SRWKHVLV LL 2\VWHUGHQVLW\RQO\GHFOLQHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\RQWKH University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, PDMRU¿VKLQJUHHIVZKHUHDVR\VWHUGHQVLW\UHPDLQHGKLJKRQUHHIV Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD WKURXJKRXW$%WKDWZHUHQRWH[SRVHGWRH[WUHPH¿VKLQJSUHVVXUH 20688 and reef degradation. The collective information supports only hy- [email protected] SRWKHVLV LLL XQVXVWDLQDEOHKDUYHVWGXHWRRYHU¿VKLQJDQGKDELWDW Gaussian graphic modeling (GGM) is used to understand the destruction after the DH spill, when harvest and exploitation rates LQÀXHQFH RI FOLPDWLF ZDWHU TXDOLW\ DQG ELRWLF YDULDEOHV RQ WKH RIWKHPDMRU¿VKLQJUHHIVLQFUHDVHGWRXQSUHFHGHQWHGOHYHOVZKLOH dynamics of blue crab in Chesapeake Bay. Estimates of blue crab reef re-shelling dropped sharply. Rehabilitation of oyster reefs and recruitment and variability in the Bay for 1990-2017 were devel- UHFRYHU\RIWKH¿VKHU\DUHIHDVLEOHLIVRXUFHDQGRWKHUUHHIVLQWKH oped from the winter dredge survey. Climatic variables considered population are restored, if reef-reshelling is enhanced, and if man- included the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Susquehanna Riv- DJHPHQW LPSOHPHQWV VXVWDLQDEOH OHYHOV RI ¿VKHU\ KDUYHVW ZKLFK er discharge, and wind forcing at Norfolk, VA. Water temperature, may require a short-term moratorium. salinity and the hypoxic volume in the Chesapeake Bay were considered water quality variables. The abundance of striped bass, a potential predator of blue crab was considered as a biotic variable in our GGMs. Both direct and indirect ecosystem effects were sig- QL¿FDQWHOHPHQWVLQWKHPRVWSDUVLPRQLRXVPRGHOVIRUERWKWKHOHY- 5(&29(5< 2) 7+( %/8( &5$% 3238/$7,21 $1' el and variability in blue crab recruitment. The graph for the level ),6+(5< ,1 &+(6$3($.( %$< 0$1$*(0(17 68& of recruitment was less connected than the graph for the variability &(66 (19,5210(17$/ &+$1*( 25 '(5(/,&7 in recruitment. For the level of recruitment, direct effects of age- 75$35(029$/" FUDEVDQGVXPPHUVDOLQLW\ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQW6LJQL¿FDQWLQGLUHFW 5RPXDOG1/LSFLXV effects on the level of recruitment included the phase of the NAO Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 in summer, spring, summer and winter discharge, and the hypoxic Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 YROXPH)RUWKHYDULDQFHLQUHFUXLWPHQWVLJQL¿FDQWGLUHFWHIIHFWV [email protected] of age-1+ crabs, striped bass abundance and wind speed were de- $PDMRUFKDOOHQJHIRU¿VKHU\PDQDJHPHQWLQYROYHVLGHQWLI\LQJ WHFWHG+\SR[LFYROXPHZDVWKHRQO\VLJQL¿FDQWLQGLUHFWHIIHFWRI FDXVHVRISRSXODWLRQDQG¿VKHU\UHFRYHU\DIWHUDVLJQL¿FDQWGHFOLQH ZDWHUTXDOLW\RQWKHYDULDELOLW\LQUHFUXLWPHQW2XU¿QGLQJVRIVLJ- 7KHEOXHFUDESRSXODWLRQDQG¿VKHU\LQ&KHVDSHDNH%D\GHFOLQHG QL¿FDQWHFRV\VWHPHIIHFWVRQUHFUXLWPHQWDOVRVXJJHVWWKDWH[SORUD- VLJQL¿FDQWO\WRDORZSKDVHLQWKHVGXHWRRYHU¿VKLQJDQGHQ- tion of ecosystem-based approaches to understanding and possibly YLURQPHQWDOFKDQJH7KH¿VKHU\ZDVGHFODUHGD¿VKHU\IDLOXUHE\ managing harvests of this species is warranted. the U.S. Department of Commerce, which prompted severe manage- PHQWDFWLRQVLQDLPHGDWUHGXFLQJ¿VKLQJPRUWDOLW\RIIHPDOHV by 34% to stimulate higher recruitment and population abundance due to the stock-recruitment relationship. Concurrently, a derelict trap removal program was undertaken through early 2012 to elim- &$86(2)&2//$36($1'352*126,6)25$1,&21 inate bycatch mortality and enhance catch by reducing competition ,&2<67(5),6+(5<,1$3$/$&+,&2/$%$<)/25,'$ between active and derelict traps. The crab population responded; 5RPXDOG1/LSFLXV abundance of age 1+ crabs increased 54% and catch by 42%. This Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box VWXG\ GHWHUPLQHG WKH LQÀXHQFH RI ¿VKHU\ PDQDJHPHQW )0 GHU- 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 elict trap removal (DTR), and environmental conditions on catch [email protected] and abundance after 2008. Environmental conditions did not change 7KH$SDODFKLFROD%D\ $% R\VWHU¿VKHU\LQ)ORULGDSHUVLVWHG appreciably after 2008. Female exploitation rate declined over 30% for over a century despite catastrophic natural disturbances until its after 2008, whereas that of males was not altered. Female abundance unexpected collapse in 2012, after which it was declared a feder- increased but not that of males. In analyses of the effects of FM and al disaster. Hypotheses for the collapse included (i) contamination DTR on female crab abundance and catch, FM but not DTR was sig- IURP'HHSZDWHU+RUL]RQ '+ RLOVSLOO LL ORZULYHUÀRZFUHDWHG QL¿FDQW,QFRQWUDVWPDOHFDWFKDQGDEXQGDQFHZHUHQRWDVVRFLDWHG by a combination of drought and water use by Georgia, which in- with FM or DTR. These results are consistent with the predictions of creased salinity, predation and disease, and (iii) unsustainable har- )0VSHFL¿FDOO\WKDWIHPDOHFDWFKZRXOGEHUHGXFHGDQGPDOHFDWFK vest after the DH spill. Published information was evaluated and UHPDLQXQDIIHFWHGDIWHU+HQFH¿VKHU\PDQDJHPHQWZDVWKH ¿VKHU\LQGHSHQGHQWDQG¿VKHU\GHSHQGHQWGDWDRQR\VWHUDQGVWRQHDO NOTprimary, overarching cause of theCITE blue crab recovery. 106 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

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(9$/8$7,1* 68%675$7( 5(+$%,/,7$7,21 7(&+ ,17(5$&7,1* $&,',),&$7,21 $1' 6$/,1,7< () 1,48(6 )25 %27720 &8/785( 2) 7+( ($67(51 )(&76 21 -89(1,/( &5$% $5025 $1' &/$: 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ,1 &+(6$3($.( 675(1*7+ %$<86$ .DWKHULQH6/RQJPLUH 5RFKHOOH'6HLW]DQG0LFKDHO66HH -HVVLH7RGG/RQJ1 -HIIUH\&RUQZHOO1.HQQHG\3D\QWHU2DQG ER 'RQDOG:HEVWHU Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Road, Cambridge, MD [email protected] 21613 2FHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ 2$ FRXSOHGZLWKRWKHUVWUHVVRUVVXFKDV 2University of Maryland, Department of Biology, 1210 Biolo- salinity, could be detrimental at the species and ecosystem levels. gy-Psychology Bldg, College Park, MD 20742 Decreased carbonate negatively impacts calcifying species, yet the 3University of Maryland, College of Agriculture and Natural effects of OA and salinity combined are less well known, and many Resources, Wye Research and Education Center, P.O. Box 169, 124 studies disregard interacting stressors. Moreover, multi-species Wye Narrows Drive, Queenstown, MD 21658 studies involving OA and other stressors are crucial to comprehend [email protected] the full threat of OA. The objectives were to assess direct effects Chesapeake Bay bottom conditions and oyster beds have de- of long-term exposure to decreased pH and salinity on a predator, graded over the past century due to overharvesting and sedimenta- juvenile blue crabs, &DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV and their interaction with tion; many areas can no longer support healthy oyster populations. their prey, northern quahogs (= hard clams), 0HUFHQDULD PHUFH- Even in leased aquaculture areas, oysters experience less than op- QDULD. Juvenile blue crabs (n = 40; 45-72 mm CW) were held in timal survival due to lack of suitable bottom characteristics. The mesocosms of crossed pH and salinity treatments for eleven weeks. addition of oyster shell substrate is the historic method for building Water quality and chemistry were monitored regularly and crabs new oyster beds, but is not currently practical due to high cost and ZHUHPHDVXUHGDIWHUHDFKPROW$IWHUWUHDWPHQWH[SRVXUH¿OPHG lack of available shell. In response to the growing oyster aqua- predation trials measured crab search time and predation on qua- culture industry in Maryland, there has been an increased need to hogs. Finally, crab carapace and claw strength were assessed using improve techniques that restore the base layer of oyster grounds, a durometer and pinch-o-meter, respectively. Understanding how but minimal research efforts have been carried out to date. This OA interacts with other stressors to affect species responses is nec- project used a combination of new sediment removal by harrowing essary for future management of exploited species in an altered with traditional shell substrate emplacement to rehabilitate bottom ecosystem. more cost-effectively. Developing a “best practice” for managing the full grow-out process is vital to future aquaculture success. An oyster lease was segmented into three, one acre plots representing different bottom types (i.e. buried shell, mud sand, and mud shell). A combination of harrowing and shell addition treatments 2&($1$&,',),&$7,21 ,1'8&(6 68%7/( 6+,)76 ,1 were applied to each plot to create four different scenarios, includ- *(1( (;35(66,21$1' '1$ 0(7+

ȝDWP pCO2 treatments, and were sampled at 9 and 80 days. DO NOT0DQWOH WLVVXH ZKLFK LV GLUHFWO\CITE LQYROYHG LQ R\VWHU FDOFL¿FDWLRQ 108 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

was collected at each time point and treatment along with sever- WLQHQWDOVKHOILVEHLQJ]RQHGIRUPXOWLSOHXVHDQGZKHUHWKH¿[HG DOFDOFL¿FDWLRQDQGFRQGLWLRQUHODWHGWUDLWVLQFOXGLQJFDOFL¿FDWLRQ boundaries supporting energy development, shipping, national se- UDWHH[WUDSDOOLDOÀXLGS+DQGFRQGLWLRQDOLQGH[$UHVSRQVHZDV curity, sand and gravel mining, communications infrastructure and REVHUYHGLQWKHH[WUDSDOOLDOÀXLGS+DWQLQHGD\VWKDWZDVQRWVXV- PRUHDUHLQLQFUHDVLQJFRQÀLFWZLWKWKHKXQWHUJDWKHUHU¿VKHUPDQ WDLQHGRYHUWLPH'HVSLWHWKLVVLJQL¿FDQWSK\VLRORJLFDOUHVSRQVH whose target resource is migrating with climate change. How did only subtle shifts were found in both gene expression and DNA we get here? This presentation will explore the historical develop- methylation, which suggested that the ability of oysters to regulate ment of Economic Exclusion Zones and what they have to do with these molecular systems in response to OA in the calcifying tissue WKH8.VWDSOHRI³¿VKDQGFKLSV´WKHRQFHDQGIXWXUHUROHRI3XE- was highly constrained. lic Law 94-625 (the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and 0DQDJHPHQW$FW DQG WKH LPPHGLDWH QHHG IRU IRFXVHG ¿VKHULHV science to interface with other footprint users in securing a sustain- DEOHIXWXUHIRUVKHOIEDVHG¿VKHULHVLQWKHPLG$WODQWLF

6+(//),6+ 5(+$%,/,7$7,21 ())2576 ,1 1257+ &$52/,1$3$6735(6(17$1')8785( &DPHURQ$/XFN -RUGDQ6%\UXPDQG-DVRQ:3HWHUV North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, 3441 Morehead 2<67(55(()$&&5(7,215$7(6(67,0$7(')520 City, NC 28557 )266,/6+(//&2//(&7,216 [email protected] 5RJHU0DQQ1 0HOLVVD6RXWKZRUWK1DQG5RZDQ/RFNZRRG2 Coastal ecosystem restoration has become a major strategy for 1Fisheries Department, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, UHFRYHULQJ UHJLRQDOO\ LPSHULOHG VKHOO¿VK SRSXODWLRQV ,Q 1RUWK William and Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 &DUROLQD WKH 'LYLVLRQ RI 0DULQH )LVKHULHV 6KHOO¿VK 5HKDELOLWD- 2Department of Geology, William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, tion Program implements a two-fold restoration approach, involv- Williamsburg, VA 23187 ing 1) no-harvest sanctuaries and 2) open-harvest cultch-planted [email protected] reefs. While these techniques differ tremendously in application, Oysters are unusual amongst the bivalves in that they create both approaches are designed to work in conjunction to increase their own habitat in the form of reefs. Indeed, the creation and larval supply and provide suitable bottom substrate for settlement maintenance of reef structures are essential to the perpetuation of and growth. The successful implementation of both approaches oysters over geological time. Reefs are created by mortality of oys- hinges upon an understanding of the biological/physical processes ters, with shells contributing to accretion. Countering this accretive required for recruitment and growth as well as the logistical/per- process are the combined processes of dissolution, breakage and mitting constraints associated with each project. As a result, these burial. Reefs must accrete at rates commensurate with or in excess DSSURDFKHVKDYHHYROYHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPLQFHSWLRQLQFRUSRUDW- of relative sea level rise. Recent shell budgets have been proffered ing new tools that guide management in both site selection and rec- based on current day recruit, growth and mortality rates in extant ommended construction techniques. populations, but these fail to address survival through periods of higher sea level rise in the Holocene. This project utilizes population data from fossil deposits together with more appropriate age dependent mortality rates to explain reef dynamics during periods of sea level rise far in excess of present day values. 0$1$*,1*),6+(5,(6,17+(0,'$7/$17,&,17+( &20,1*'(&$'(6²5()/(&7,21621$3(5,2'$6$ ),6+(5,(60$1$*(0(17&281&,/0(0%(5 5RJHU0DQQ Fisheries Department, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, IN SITU ),/75$7,21 5$7(6 2) 2/<03,$ 2<67(5 William and Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 OSTREA LURIDA, +$%,7$7 $1' -$3$1(6( 2<67(5 [email protected] CRASSOSTREA GIGAS,$48$&8/785( +DYLQJ UHDG WKLV WLWOH , DP VXUH WKH UHDGHUV ¿UVW UHDFWLRQ LV $OWKHD10DUNV DQG'DQLHOOH=DFKHUO “sounds boring!” Indulge me—it’s not, please read on. Having just University of California Fullerton, Department of Biology P.O. spent three years as a Virginia delegate to the Mid Atlantic Fisheries Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834 Management Council, I now have an enhanced appreciation of the [email protected] view of resource management from the other side of the table, that 7KH¿OWUDWLRQVHUYLFHVRI2O\PSLDR\VWHU 2VWUHDOXULGD) habi- is the side where scientists don’t usually go. Resource management tat and Japanese oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV) aquaculture operations can be both complex and frustrating as managers seek to maintain along the North American west coast have been little explored. In VXVWDLQDEOH¿VKHULHVLQDFRPSOH[VRFLHWDOFKDOOHQJHZKHUHWKHFRQDO NOT- VLWX¿OWUDWLRQVWXGLHVFDQLQFRUSRUDWHYDULDEOHHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQ CITE- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 109

GLWLRQVLPSRUWDQWWR¿OWUDWLRQDVZHOODVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRIRWKHU 3-5 years to reach a legally harvestable size than initial estimates. ¿OWHUIHHGHUVOLYLQJDPRQJR\VWHUV LHPXVVHOVWXQLFDWHVVFDOORSV Collectively, these data are critical to improve stock assessments and sponges). ,QVLWX¿OWUDWLRQUDWHVZHUHPHDVXUHGDWWZRUHVWRUHG and guide management decisions for this once abundant species. 2OXULGD habitats in Newport Bay, CA and San Francisco Bay, CA, and a &JLJDV aquaculture operation in Morro Bay, CA. Questions DUH +RZGR¿OWHUIHHGHUFRPPXQLW\FRPSRVLWLRQDQGGHQVLW\ DIIHFW ¿OWUDWLRQ UDWHV RI R\VWHU KDELWDW" +RZ GR ZDWHU TXDOLW\ SDUDPHWHUVDIIHFWR\VWHUKDELWDW¿OWUDWLRQUDWHV" :KDWDUHWKH¿O- ,17(51$7,21$/ 6+,33,1* (;3257 2) /,9( 02/ tration rates of &JLJDVÀRDWLQJORQJOLQHVRSHUDWHGE\0RUUR%D\ /86&6$1'&5867$&($16 Oyster Company in Morro Bay, CA? Two identical instruments are $OLFLD0DUVWRQ deployed upstream and downstream of the oyster habitat to mea- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal & sure temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll, and water veloci- Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 4700 River Road, Riv- W\¿OWHUIHHGHUGHQVLW\DQGDPELHQWWRWDOSDUWLFXODWHRUJDQLFPDWWHU erdale, MD 20737 are also measured. Sites were measured over two years. Filtration [email protected] rates are expressed in L hr-1g-1 WR FRPSDUH WR SUHYLRXV ¿OWUDWLRQ The international movement of live molluscs and crustaceans studies were biomass data is available and L hr-1m-2 to calculate from the United States to other countries, for non-human consump- KDELWDWOHYHO¿OWUDWLRQ7KLVUHVHDUFKJURXQGWUXWKVSHUYLRXVR\V- tion, is overseen by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), WHUFHQWULF¿OWUDWLRQHVWLPDWHVZLWKDTXDFXOWXUHDQGUHVWRUHGR\VWHU Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary KDELWDWLQWR¿OWUDWLRQVHUYLFHHVWLPDWHV Services (VS). Each destination country may have different import requirements for the same type of animal, so how does one keep HYHU\WKLQJVWUDLJKW"7KLVSUHVHQWDWLRQZLOODGGUHVVZKHUHWR¿QG the information and requirements for export, the process of health FHUWL¿FDWH HQGRUVHPHQW LQFOXGLQJ HOHFWURQLF VXEPLVVLRQ DQG 3,602&/$06,1&$/,)251,$*52:7+$1'5(352 points of contact for assistance. The pre-export requirements for an '8&7,212)$1,&21,&63(&,(6 aquaculture establishment to be inspected and approved by APHIS $OH[DQGULD50DUTXDUGW 6DUD.3DUN1RHO0&ODUNDQG as a Registered Aquaculture Export Facility will also be discussed, %HQMDPLQ,5XWWHQEHUJ in addition to the role of an APHIS Accredited Veterinarian. California Polytechnic State University, Department of Bi- ological Sciences, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 [email protected] Pismo clams (7LYHODVWXOWRUXP) are an iconic species in Califor- nia, which once supported a thriving commercial and recreational ¿VKHU\2YHUKDUYHVWDQGDVKRUWDJHRI¿VKHULHVPDQDJHPHQWGDWD has contributed to Pismo clam population declines statewide. Key information on the population status, reproductive cycles, and growth rates is either unknown or nearly 50 years outdated. To evaluate these populations effectively, managers require updated population and life history data. Therefore, this project aims to: 1) determine annual reproductive cycles and body condition of Pismo clams on Pismo Beach, CA; 2) identify environmental drivers of reproduction and body condition using a mixed model framework; and 3) elucidate length/age relationships between clams across California. Up to 70 clams per month were collected from Pismo Beach, CA; 40 for histological analysis to determine reproductive stage and 30 to perform a body condition index. Additional clams and shells were collected from sites north and south of Point Conception to compare growth curves between two major oceanographic zones. When available, these data were compared to historical records. Data suggest that reproductive timing deviates slightly from historical records, with clams spawning later in the year than they were decadesDO ago. Further, clams appear to takeNOT an additional CITE 110 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

$7/$17,&$1'*8/)6+(//),6+6(('%,26(&85,7< (9$/8$7,1* 7+( *(1(7,& %$6,6 2) ³75,3/2,' &2//$%25$7,9( 6+(//),6+ ',6($6( +($/7+'$ 0257$/,7<´,17+(&+(6$3($.(%$<%<7(67,1* 7$%$6( )$0,/,(62)75,3/2,'CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA /XFDV 0DU[HQ1 3HWHU 5RZH2 'DYLG %XVKHN 5\DQ &DUQH -RVHSK / 0DWW1 -HVVLFD 0RVV 6PDOO1 3HWHU ' .XEH2 DQG JLH4 :LOOLDP & :DOWRQ5 /LVD &DOYR .DUHQ +XGVRQ4 %RE 6WDQGLVK.$OOHQ-U1 5KHDXOW6-HURPH/D3H\UH7-HQQLIHU%HVHUHV3ROODFN/HVOLH 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Aquaculture Genetics and 6WXUPHUDQG/RUL*XVWDIVRQ Breeding Technology Center, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, 15XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\2I¿FHRI5HVHDUFK$QDO\WLFV/LSPDQ VA 23062 Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 2CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, 2New Jersey Sea Grant, 22 Magruder Road, Fort Hancock, NJ TAS, 7000, Australia 07732 [email protected] 35XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK/DE0LOO- Since 2012, unexplained late spring mortality among popula- er Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 tions of near market size triploid &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, or “triploid 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 Greate Rd, Glouces- mortality,” have occurred on some oyster farms in the Chesapeake ter Point, VA, 23062 Bay. Certain farms are more prone to typical (20%) triploid mor- 5$XEXUQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 6KHOO¿VK /DERUDWRU\ $JDVVL] 6WUHHW tality, which can approach much higher levels (50-85%) in some Dauphin Island, AL, 36528 years. So far there is no clear etiology for triploid mortality but 6(DVW &RDVW 6KHOO¿VK *URZHUV$VVRFLDWLRQ :KLWHVYLOOH investigating the genetic basis of susceptibility does not require Rd. Toms River, NJ 08755 this information. To evaluate the genetic basis of triploid mortality, 7Louisiana State University, 39 Forestry Lane, Baton Rouge, 20 paternal half-sib triploid families were created by crossing 20 LA 70803 tetraploid sires separately with eggs pooled from diploid dams. At 8Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, approximately one year of age, triploid families, as well as diploids Corpus Christi, TX 78412 and tetraploids from massspawned lines, were deployed to three 9Florida Sea Grant, PO Box 89, Cedar Key, FL 32625 sites in the Chesapeake Bay: the York River, the Choptank River, 10USDA APHIS, 2150 Centre Ave, Building B, Mail Stop 2E6, and Nandua Creek. From Fall 2018 to Fall 2019, oysters were reg- Fort Collins, CO, 80526 ularly assessed for survival, size, and condition. Only in Nandua [email protected] Creek was there a clear triploid mortality event, where mortality Following a road map laid out at the 2015 NACE conference in triploid families ranged from 0.4% to 40% from May to July. in Portland, Maine, funding was obtained to build the infrastruc- During the same time in Nandua Creek, mortality in diploid and ture necessary to sustain a functional, web-accessible, East Coast tetraploid lines did not exceed 15%. Narrow sense heritability in UHJLRQDOGDWDEDVHRQPROOXVFDQVKHOO¿VKKHDOWKWKDWFDQEHXVHG the triploid families for mortality between May and July in Nandua to provide the best available science to regulators and industry to Creek was high (0.4 ± 0.1). Triploid mortality seems to have a maximize biosecurity while not unnecessarily restricting reason- substantial genetic basis, suggesting increased resistance to triploid DEOH LQWHU DQG LQWUDVWDWH FRPPHUFH LQ VKHOO¿VK VHHG DQG EURRG- mortality may be achieved by selective breeding of parental diploid stock. Additional workshops have been held to evaluate the struc- or tetraploid families. WXUHDQGIXQFWLRQRIDZHEDFFHVVLEOHVKHOO¿VKKHDOWKGDWDEDVHIRU WKH$WODQWLF&RDVWDQGWRGHYHORSKDWFKHU\FHUWL¿FDWLRQSURWRFROV including both hatchery requirements and audit procedures. This year, additional funding was secured from the NOAA Sea Grant Advanced Aquaculture Collaborative Program to extend the data- 2<67(561875,(175(*(1(5$7,21$1'$/7(51$ base into the Gulf Coast through collaboration with stakeholders 7,9(3+<723/$1.721&20081,7<67$7(6 LQWKHUHJLRQDQGWRIXUWKHULPSURYHVKHOO¿VKGLVHDVHVXUYHLOODQFH *UHWFKHQ-0F&DUWK\1 1LFKRODV(5D\2DQG5RELQVRQ: programs that support the database and its use. Additionally, im- )XOZHLOHU provements and updates have been made to the database applica- 1Boston University, Marine Program, 5 Cummington Mall, tion to improve the user experience for the different stakeholders Room 101, Boston, MA 02215 DQGWKHLUQHHGVZLWKUHJDUGVWRVKHOO¿VKKHDOWKGDWDDQGDQDO\VLV 2Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington and to enhance the structure of the application to allow for future Mall, Room 101, Boston, MA 02215 extensibility. This presentation will discuss the status of the data- 3Boston University, Department of Earth and Environment, 675 base application, the decisions made around its development, and Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215 its anticipated use among all stakeholders. In addition to the latest [email protected] funding, database development has received support by the NOAA Oysters play an important role in regulating nutrient availability Saltonstall-Kennedy Program with ongoing support from the East in coastal ecosystems. They excrete nutrients directly and alter sed- &RDVW6KHOO¿VK*URZHUV$VVRFLDWLRQDO NOTiment nutrient regeneration ratesCITE by moving organic material (via 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 111

biodeposits) to the benthos. These activities likely change the ratio Heritability estimates from a series of low salinity exposure ex- of nitrogen (N) to silica (Si), however it remains unclear how oys- periments (< 3) using half-sibling families suggest that low salinity ter-mediated nutrient regeneration alters N:Si availability in coastal tolerance is indeed a heritable trait (h2 = 0.4). A similar low salin- ecosystems. Additionally, it is uncertain whether oyster diet (i.e. di- ity experiment was conducted with four F2 recombinant families DWRPULFKRUGLQRÀDJHOODWHULFK LQÀXHQFHVUDWHVRIQXWULHQWUHJHQ- to determine genomic regions underlying this tolerance. QTL and eration. If oyster nutrient regeneration mirrors bivalve diet, it sets joint-association maps generated from genome-wide SNP data re- up the possibility for alternative states of phytoplankton commu- veal important loci on chromosome 1 related to survival at acute QLW\FRPSRVLWLRQLQV\VWHPVZLWKVLJQL¿FDQWR\VWHUSRSXODWLRQV$ ORZ VDOLQLW\ +HPRO\PSK VDPSOHV FROOHFWHG WKURXJKRXW WKH ¿UVW three-step approach was taken to test this hypothesis: First, nutrient eight days of exposure suggest that oysters are able to conform to incubations and a phytoplankton grow-out experiment were con- the extreme low salinity, but differences in feeding behavior be- ducted using sediments from beneath oysters and bare sediments. tween families with varying levels of survival imply an underlying 7KHQR\VWHUVZHUHIHGHLWKHUDQDOOGLDWRPVRUDOOGLQRÀDJHOODWH physiological stress response. Results from these experiments pro- diet in nutrient incubations. Finally, the seasonal patterns of phy- vide good support for the potential success of a low salinity breed- toplankton community structure at oyster habitats in a temperate ing program. estuary (Narragansett Bay, RI) were examined. Ifound that sediments beneath oysters regenerated N and Si at an N:Si ratio of 1.9, while bare sediments took up both N and Si, with higher rates of Si XSWDNH PROVP-2 hr-1) than N uptake (-8.43 ± 20.11 PROVP-2 hr-1). Preliminary results of the oyster diet incubations 7+(%/8(&5$%*(120(:(%6,7( indicate that oysters fed only diatoms excreted less N than those 5\DQ&0F'RQDOG %HQ'HFUHH75%DFKYDURIIDQG-6RRN IHGRQO\GLQRÀDJHOODWHV5HVXOWVZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRI &KXQJ changing oyster populations and the potential for alternative phyto- Institute for Marine and Environmental Science, University of plankton community states. Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E Pratt St, Balti- more, MD 21202 [email protected] The Atlantic blue crab (&DOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV) is an ecologically and commercially important organism of the mid-Atlantic and Gulf $&87( /2: 6$/,1,7< 72/(5$1&( ,1 7+( ($67 &RDVW DQG KROGV FXOWXUDO VLJQL¿FDQFH WR WKH &KHVDSHDNH %D\ UH- (51 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA 3+<6,2/2 gion. Recent sequencing efforts have generated a draft genome for *<+(5,7$%,/,7<$1' 81'(5/<,1**(120,& 5( this organism using a multifaceted sequencing approach including *,216 short and long read sequencing as well as scaffolding using HiC. $OH[DQGUD-0F&DUW\1 6WDQGLVK.$OOHQ2DQG/RXLV3ORXJK1 This annotated ~1.1 Gb draft genome provides a critical resource 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, for the further characterization of this species, and other related or- Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD ganisms, and can be used for gene discovery and population-level 21613 studies. To aid in these efforts, and as a means of making this data 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Aquaculture Genetics and SXEOLFO\DYDLODEOHDG\QDPLFXVHUFRQ¿JXUDEOHZHEVLWHKDVEHHQ Breeding Technology Center, 1370 Greate Rd, Gloucester Point, developed to explore the blue crab genome. For this site, chro- VA 23062 mosome level assemblies were annotated using the MAKER pipe- [email protected] line which found ~29,000 protein coding genes of which ~9,500 As oyster aquaculture increases and expands globally, there had a uniprot annotation. These results are visualized using the LVDQLQFUHDVLQJQHHGIRUR\VWHUOLQHVEUHGVSHFL¿FDOO\IRUYDULRXV JBrowse genome browser. Users can explore the annotated chro- environmental conditions. In estuarine systems and coastal areas mosome-level assemblies that include RNA sequence read map- ZKHUH ORZ VDOLQLW\ LV FRPPRQ ODUJH IUHVKZDWHU LQÀRZ HYHQWV SLQJ LQFOXGLQJ 613 SUR¿OHV GH QRYR assembled transcripts, as leave oysters exposed to extreme low salinity conditions (< 3) for well as visualize sequence coverage based on input genomic reads, prolonged periods of time, resulting in reduced oyster growth and DQGH[SORUHUHSHDWUHJLRQVFODVVL¿HGE\5HSHDW0DVNHU7KLVZHE- subsequent mortality events. While low salinity hinders oyster site will serve as a resource for the community and serve as a pow- productivity, aquaculture is increasing in these areas because they erful research tool. provide a refuge from common oyster diseases. An oyster line bred VSHFL¿FDOO\IRUWKHVHH[WUHPHORZVDOLQLW\FRQGLWLRQVZRXOGDOORZ aquaculture to expand into these reduced-disease areas without the threat of large mortality events, but the genetic framework underlying this trait DOin currently unknown. NOT CITE 112 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

6($ 6&$//23 1(0$72'( 75$160,66,21 7(032 (67,0$7,1* &$7&+ ()),&,(1&,(6 )25 7+( 5$/9$5,$7,21$1'7+(50$/72/(5$1&( 1257+(51 48$+2* MERCENARIA MERCENAR- (PLO\ 0F*XUN1 'DYLG %XVKHN1 'DSKQH 0XQURH1 (OHDQRU IA 3238/$7,212)1$55$*$16(77%$<5+2'(,6 %RFKHQHN16DUDK%RUVHWWL1'DYLG%5XGGHUV2DQG6DOO\5R /$1'86$ PDQ2 0&RQRU0F0DQXV1 'DOH)/HDYLWW20DWW*ULI¿Q2'HQQLV 15XWJHUV7KH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ-HUVH\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK (UNDQ1$QQD-0DOHN0HUFHUDQG7KRPDV+HLPDQQ4 Research Laboratory, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 1Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Di- 2Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & vision of Marine Fisheries, 3 Ft. Wetherill Road, Jamestown, RI, Mary, 1370 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 02835 [email protected] 2Roger Williams University, 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI, In 2015, unprecedented numbers of parasitic nematodes (6XO- 02809 FDVFDULVVXOFDWD were observed in adductor muscles of sea scal- 3Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narra- lops, 3ODFRSHFWHQ PDJHOODQLFXV, leaving meats unusable for the gansett, RI, 02882 ¿VKHU\GXHWRUHGXFHGPHDWTXDOLW\7KHVHDVFDOORSLVDQLQWHUPH- 4Commercial Fisheries Research Foundation, P.O. Box 278, GLDWHKRVWIRUWKHSDUDVLWHZLWKVHDWXUWOHVEHLQJWKHGH¿QLWLYHKRVW Saunderstown, RI, 02874 Little more is known about 6VXOFDWD basic biology, seasonality, [email protected] nor transmission in the Mid-Atlantic. Scallops were collected bi- &DWFKHI¿FLHQF\RIDK\GUDXOLFGUHGJHXVHGWRVDPSOHWKHQRUWK- monthly from September 2016 to August 2017 to better understand ern quahog (0HUFHQDULD PHUFHQDULD) population of Narragansett (1) potential transmission from discards, (2) seasonality of infec- Bay, Rhode Island, USA was evaluated to understand gear limitation prevalence, (3) the relationship among infection and scallop tions, explore alternative supplementary sampling techniques, and survival, and (4) effects of temperature on nematode survival. 1. correct time series abundance data based on the estimated dredge Co-incubated infected and uninfected scallops did not support di- HI¿FLHQFLHV ,Q DQG K\GUDXOLF GUHGJH WRZV ZHUH rect transmission. Additionally, nematodes were rarely found mov- FRQGXFWHGIROORZLQJDORQJVWDQGLQJ¿VKHULHVLQGHSHQGHQWVXUYH\ ing freely from scallops that had been shucked, mimicking shuck- protocol, with the dredge transects inspected on SCUBA to assess ing and discard practices at sea. 2. Nematode infection prevalence GUHGJHFDWFKHI¿FLHQF\4XDGUDWDQGEXOOUDNHVDPSOLQJZHUHDOVR and intensity in scallops were highly correlated (r2=0.8), increas- conducted alongside the transects to compare sampling methods. ing throughout the sampling period, while the number of adductor $YHUDJHGUHGJHFDWFKHI¿FLHQF\IURPWKHVDPSOHVZDV muscle lesions containing nematodes varied seasonally. 3. Infect- VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ %RWWRP W\SH ZDV WKH PRVW VLJQL¿FDQW GHWHU- ed scallops held in seawater tanks were examined daily and dead PLQDQW RI GUHGJH FDWFK HI¿FLHQF\ ZLWK KLJKHU FDWFK HI¿FLHQF\ scallops were removed, measured, and lesions counted. After 60 RQKDUGERWWRP HI¿FLHQW WKDQVRIWERWWRP HI¿FLHQW GD\VVXUYLYRUVZHUHVDFUL¿FHGDQGH[DPLQHG0RUWDOLW\ZDVKLJK- On average, quadrat and bullrake sampling had higher catch rates est in scallops from heavily infected sites, lowest in scallops from than the dredge, likely highlighting the patchy nature of quahogs, lightly infected sites, and number of lesions correlated positively challenges of sampling with a hydraulic dredge, and the more inte- with mortality regardless of site. 4. Nematodes survived short-term grated spatial sampling of the dredge compared to the other survey freezing and remained alive in seawater for >6 weeks at 4oC. They PHWKRGV %RWWRP W\SH VHGLPHQW FODVVL¿FDWLRQ GHSWK REVHUYHG survived 24 hrs at 18-23 oC, but perished within 6 hours at 37 oC and abundance, and station code were used to predict dredge catch ef- died within seconds at 95oC. ¿FLHQF\DQGVFDOH¿VKHULHVLQGHSHQGHQWWLPHVHULHVGDWDWRPRUH accurate abundance estimates. Applying corrections using a generalized linear mixed model scaled abundances up variably through time, but abundance trends were generally the same between time series with and without the corrections applied. This work provides an example of aiming to address catchability concerns through diverse collaborations and improve the science and management for DFRPPHUFLDOO\DQGUHFUHDWLRQDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWPDULQHUHVRXUFH DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 113

(92/87,21 2) 2<67(5 +$7&+(5,(6 )25 /$5*( Fieldwork in three regions (Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico, 6&$/(5(6725$7,21$1'&200(5&,$/$48$&8/ and New England) involved participant observation, semi-struc- 785('(9(/230(17,17+(&+(6$3($.(%$<86$ tured interviews, and photovoice interviews with over 200 shell- 'RQDOG:0HULWW ¿VKIDUPHUVKDUYHVWHUVDQGRWKHUVZKRZRUNLQUROHVVXSSRUWLYHWR Principal Agent (Ret.), 714 Lomax Street, Easton MD 21601 VKHOO¿VKHULHV'DWDZHUHXVHGWRFUHDWHDOLVWRIWKHFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHV [email protected] SURYLGHGWKURXJKZRUNZLWKVKHOO¿VKZKLFKZDVXVHGLQD4VRUW Oyster hatcheries have evolved in many locations of the world survey administered to a larger sample of participants in January as a means of producing larvae and seed on a regular basis. This 2020. Combined methods of qualitative interviews paired with has been especially important where natural reproduction can no structured online surveys provided rich description of cultural ser- longer be counted upon to make up for natural and harvest mortali- YLFHVDVZHOODVUDQNHGSHUFHLYHGLPSRUWDQFHRIDOOW\SHVRIEHQH¿WV ty. Chesapeake Bay has had a long history of hatchery research and DFTXLUHGWKURXJKZRUNZLWKVKHOO¿VK production. Dramatic changes in the size and output of hatchery Results contribute to a more complete understanding of shell- facilities, technological adaptations to meet production challenges ¿VKUHODWHGHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVDQGKDYHDSSOLHGLPSOLFDWLRQVIRU and evolving purposes for them have occurred. The University of VKHOO¿VKIDUPLQJ'RFXPHQWDWLRQRIWKHVRFLRFXOWXUDOEHQH¿WVSUR- Maryland has played a critical role in the research and development YLGHGE\VKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHFDQEHXVHGWRFUHDWHPRUHFRPSUH- of many of these changes and much has been learned about how KHQVLYHQDUUDWLYHVRIWKHLPSDFWVRIVKHOO¿VKIDUPLQJRQORFDOFRP- to address issues of how best to utilize hatcheries to produce large PXQLWLHV,QWKLVZD\VRFLRFXOWXUDOEHQH¿WVPD\EHPRUHVDOLHQWWR quantities of oysters for aquaculture or restoration. some audiences and enhance industry support. This presentation provides almost a half century of hatchery evolution with both private and public hatcheries in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay. It covers the lineage of early hatchery development through the current large-scale operation of the UMD Horn Point Oyster Hatchery, which has been instrumental in supporting 237,0,=,1*1,752*(1,10,&52$/*$/0(',$)25 massive restoration projects. Included is a discussion of problems 86($6/,9()(('6 that have been encountered and innovations that have been incor- -DFTXHOLQH0LWFKHOO 'HYRQ1XQH]DQG$QGUHZ5K\QH porated to address them. Roger Williams University, Department of Biology and Marine Biology, 1 Old Ferry Road Bristol, RI 02809 [email protected] Microalgae require a suite of nutrients to be grown successfully in a laboratory setting. A myriad of media exists, giving culturists a 6+(//),6+)$50,1*$1'&8/785$/6(59,&(67+( ZLGHUDQJHRIRSWLRQVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHVSHFL¿FQHHGVRIWKHLUWDU- 27+(5(&26<67(06(59,&( get species. Arguably the most important factors in choosing media $GULDQH.0LFKDHOLV1 :LOOLDP&:DOWRQ2'RQDOG::HE for algal growth in a hatchery setting, where mass volumes of algae VWHUDQG/-HQ6KDIIHU4 are required daily, are its ability to provide consistent results as well 1University of Maryland Department of Anthropology, 1111 as being able to work for several different species. Developed in Woods Hall, 4302 Chapel Ln., College Park, MD 20742 the 1960-70s, Guillard’s f/2 media is most commonly used in aqua- 2$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK/DERUDWRU\$JDVVL]6W'DX- FXOWXUHDVLWIXO¿OOVERWKUHTXLUHPHQWV*XLOODUG¶VIKDVEHFRPH phin Island, AL 36528 for all intents and purposes, the industry standard. However, little 3University of Maryland Extension, Wye Research and Educa- thought has been given to whether it truly provides nutrients in the tion Center, 124 Wye Narrows Dr., Queenstown, MD 21658 correct concentration to achieve maximum algal growth and nutri- [email protected] tional value. As nitrogen (N) is typically the limiting macronutrient %LYDOYH VKHOO¿VK IDUPLQJ SURYLGHV D VXLWH RI HFRV\VWHP VHU- in media it stands to reason that increased N concentration can pro- vices, including well-documented provisioning, regulating, and long the growth and life of a culture. In this study, Guillard’s f/2 supporting services. A more limited body of research exists detail- media supplemented with increased N was shown to be effective in LQJFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHVRUWKHQRQPDWHULDOEHQH¿WVREWDLQHGIURPDQ increasing the cell density and longevity of algal cultures. Further, HFRV\VWHP8VLQJDUH¿QHGGH¿QLWLRQRIFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHVDVWKH the fatty acid analysis was conducted to elucidate how changes in N contributions ecosystems make to human well-being in terms of the levels impacted fatty acid production in microalgal feeds. identities they frame, the experiences they enable, and the capabili- WLHVWKH\HTXLS )LVKHWDO WKLVVWXG\LGHQWL¿HVDQGGHVFULEHV WKHFXOWXUDOVHUYLFHVDQGEHQH¿WVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKZRUNLQVKHOO¿VK aquaculture. DO NOT CITE 114 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

6(/(&7,9( ,1*(67,21 $1' (*(67,21 2) 0,&52 WLRQSURJUDPPHVKDYHÀRXULVKHGLQVRPHDUHDVRIWKHWURSLFDOEHOW ),%(56,17+(%/8(0866(/MYTILUS EDULIS$1' There are few examples left of untouched mangroves in which ($67(512<67(5CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA to study their natural dynamics. One such place is the Galapagos .D\OD00ODGLQLFK %ULGJHW$+RORKDQ6DQGUD(6KXP Archipelago. Mangrove forests in the Galapagos consist of three ZD\DQG-(YDQ:DUG species belonging to three families: 5KL]RSKRUDPDQJOH, $YLFHQQLD University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, JHUPLQDQVand /DJXQFXODULDUDFHPRVD. In addition, &RQRFDUSXV 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 HUHFWXVLVFRQVLGHUHGDPDQJURYHDVVRFLDWH0DQJURYHVZHUH¿UVW [email protected] mapped using freely available Google Earth Very High Resolution Microplastics (MP) have been found throughout the marine en- LPDJHV EDVHG RQ RQVFUHHQ FODVVL¿FDWLRQ DQG FRPSDUHG WR WKUHH vironment and are a contaminant of emerging concern. Suspension VHPLDXWRPDWLF FODVVL¿FDWLRQ DOJRULWKPV7KHUH DUH KD RI feeding bivalve molluscs like the blue mussel 0\WLOXVHGXOLV, and fringing mangrove forests covering 35% of the coastline. Eighty eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, interact with MP of different percent of mangrove cover is found in Isabela island, and 90% in shapes and sizes suspended in the water column. Mussels and oys- the western and central south-eastern bioregions. The overall ac- ters are selective suspension feeders and do not consume all of the FXUDF\ RI PDQJURYH FODVVL¿FDWLRQ ZDV ZLWK D .DSSD FR- particles to which they are exposed. Past studies demonstrate that HI¿FLHQW RI ZKHQ YDOLGDWHG ZLWK ¿HOG GDWD 7KH *DODSDJRV particle selection in bivalves depends on the particle shape, size case study is particularly interesting since its mangrove forests are and physiochemical properties. Recent work has provided evidence virtually free of human impacts. Mangrove change for the period that these animals also ingest and egest microspheres (polystyrene) 2004–2014 was also analyzed. In ten years, mangrove coverage DQG PLFUR¿EHUV Q\ORQ GLIIHUHQWO\ EXW ZKHWKHU RU QRW SRO\PHU increased 24% mainly by expansion of existing mangroves patches type acts as a factor for selection has not yet been explored. To as opposed to generation of new patches. The precise localization IXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWHKRZPXVVHOVDQGR\VWHUVKDQGOHPLFUR¿EHUVRI of mangrove cover across the Galapagos islands now enables doc- GLIIHUHQWSRO\PHUW\SHVDQLPDOVZHUHRIIHUHGDJHGQ\ORQ P umenting whether it is changing over time. PHGLDQOHQJWK DQGSRO\HVWHU PPHGLDQOHQJWK ¿EHUVRIDS- proximately the same size during a 2h exposure. Intestinal feces and pseudofeces were collected 3h after the start of the exposure. Depuration feces and any additional pseudofeces were collected HYHU\KRYHUDKGHSXUDWLRQSHULRG7KHSURSRUWLRQRI¿EHUV $ 6&,(1&(%$6(' 02'(/ 72 (67,0$7( :$7(5 rejected in pseudofeces and egested in feces is now being deter- 48$/,7<%(1(),762)6+(//),6+%('672,1)250 mined. Selection processes occur from particle capture on the gill 5(6725$7,21 35,25,7,=$7,21 $1' 352-(&7 '( through digestion, so differential egestion and rejection of particles SIGN prior to ingestion will provide a more complete picture of polymer -RVKXD$0RRG\ 'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU,ULQD%HDODQG6DUDK VHOHFWLRQDPRQJVWPLFUR¿EHUV $%RXERXOLV Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, 110 S. Poplar St. Ste. 202, Wilmington, DE 19801 [email protected] As interest in green infrastructure for coastal protection continues to grow, many projects have the opportunity to create, enhance, ',675,%87,21 $1' 7(1<($5 7(0325$/ &+$1*( RUUHVWRUHVKHOO¿VKKDELWDWLQFOXGLQJVKHOO¿VKEDVHGOLYLQJVKRUH- 2)0$1*529(6,17+(*$/$3$*26 OLQHV$V¿OWHUIHHGHUVELYDOYHVKHOO¿VKFDQHQKDQFHZDWHUTXDOLW\ 1LFRODV0RLW\1 %\URQ'HOJDGR1DQG3HOD\R6DOLQDVGH/HRQ EXWWKHQHWEHQH¿WVYDU\ZLWKSROOXWDQWORDGVHDVRQDOWHPSHUDWXUH 1Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Founda- and physiological status of the animals and are constrained by car- tion, Ave Charles Darwin 854, Puerto Ayora 200350, Ecuador rying capacity (e.g. food/habitat quality/availability). Therefore, 2Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street, NW, WKHH[WHQWRINH\HFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVIXUQLVKHGE\VKHOO¿VKOLNH- Washington, DC 20036 ly vary across space and among conservation and restoration ap- [email protected] SURDFKHV7RLQYHVWZLVHO\LQVKHOO¿VKEDVHGLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLWLV Mangroves are an extremely important ecosystem despite cov- vital that science-based, predictive tools are developed to compare ering a small percentage of the of the globe. They provide many RXWFRPHVWRZDWHUTXDOLW\IURPGLYHUVHVKHOO¿VKHQKDQFHPHQWWDF- HFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVOLNHQXUVHU\JURXQGVIRUFRPPHUFLDO¿VKHULHV tics, species, and locations. coastal protection, carbon sequestration and tourism. Despite their 7KH6KHOO¿VK:DWHU(QKDQFHPHQW0RGHO 6:(0 LVDSK\V- demonstrated importance, mangroves are threatened worldwide iological and population-based model that predicts the seasonal due to human impacts with global rates of deforestation of 1% per removal and biogeochemical transformation of microparticulate year. This problemDO has raised worldwide awareness NOT and reforesta- PDWWHUDQGQLWURJHQE\EHGVRIELYDOYHVKHOO¿VKWKDWDUHSURWHFWHG CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 115

or enhanced, various conservation and restoration measures (e.g. 237,0,=,1* 352'8&7,21 $1' 352'8&76 )25 bottom habitat enhancements, aquaculture, and living shorelines). 6&$//23$48$&8/785( SWEM builds on existing models and allows users to input current 'DQD / 0RUVH 1 'DPLDQ & %UDG\2 6WUXDQ &ROHPDQ2 DQG and projected population and seston parameters to evaluate chang- +XJK6&RZSHUWKZDLWH es in bivalve physiological capacity, and associated ecosystem 1Maine Sea Grant and University of Maine Cooperative Exten- services, along a salinity and eutrophication gradient. SWEM is sion, Darling Marine Center, 193 Clark’s Cove Road, Walpole, ME GHVLJQHGWRHVWLPDWHWKHVHVHUYLFHVIRUDYDULHW\RIVKHOO¿VKVXFKDV 04573 freshwater mussel beds in streams, ribbed mussels in tidal marsh- 2University of Maine, School of Marine Science, Darling Ma- es, and oysters in tidal tributaries. Comparative analysis regarding rine Center, 193 Clark’s Cove Road, Walpole, ME 04573 changes in services as result of various restoration strategies will 3Coastal Enterprises, Inc., 30 Federal Street, Brunswick ME allow users to evaluate the expected return-on-investment from dif- 04011 IHUHQWDSSURDFKHVDWVSHFL¿FORFDWLRQV [email protected] Producers and their collaborators in Maine continue to make progress toward the successful culture of sea scallops (3ODFRSHFWHQ PDJHOODQLFXV). Technology adapted from Japan and elsewhere has shown encouraging results thus far in the areas of spat col- (;$0,1,1*7+(3266,%/(,1)/8(1&(2)*(1(7,&6 lection, nursery culture and growout, a strong market exists for 210,*5$7,21$1'+$%,7$735()(5(1&(,1CALL- dayboat-quality adductor muscles, and a market appears to exist INECTES SAPIDUS also for items such as whole or roe-on scallops. The addition of a 0HJDQ0RUDQ DQG'DQLHO5LWWVFKRI new species for culture would strengthen the economic diversity of Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC Maine’s working waterfronts, and would continue the opportunities 28516 IRUWKHDTXDFXOWXUHDQG¿VKLQJVHFWRUV [email protected] &KDOOHQJHVWRSUR¿WDELOLW\VWLOOH[LVWSDUWLFXODUO\LQWKHUHDORS- The Atlantic blue crab (&DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV) is an ecologically timization of all phases of production, in site selection, and in the and commercially fundamental species. Crab migrations at vari- testing necessary for sales of whole or roe-on product. The current RXVOLIHVWDJHVDUHLQÀXHQFHGE\HQYLURQPHQWDOFXHVVXFKDVHVWX- project addresses such topics as effects of density in nursery cul- DULQHFXHVGHSWKFKDQJHZDWHUÀRZDQGVDOLQLW\3UHYLRXVVWXG- ture and growout over several gear types, comparing ear-hanging ies suggest that COI blue crab haplotype mapping enables insight to lanterns, loop cord and adhered scallops, monitoring fouling by into population origins and interrelatedness. The objective of this depth and time, monitoring biotoxin loads, and gathering environ- study is to determine whether blue crab habitat and migration pat- mental data to characterize growth and begin the development of terns can be represented by genetic differentiation on a population site-selection tools tailored to sea scallops. Growth data will be scale. This will be determined by examining two blue crab pop- matched with economic parameters for elements as labor, capital ulations that grew up in low and high salinity habitats: Beaufort and projected revenue, to continue the development of an economic Inlet, NC (35 PSU) and Lake Mattamuskeet, NC (0 PSU). These model for scallop production in the state. populations will be compared at the mitochondrial level, with CO1 This session will review the status of scallop aquaculture in sequencing, to better determine their relationship with haplotype Maine and some of the history behind the current state of the sector, mapping. If a genetic difference is observed between the two pop- and will cover the principal elements of the project now underway, ulations, then it may help pave the way towards understanding how and its anticipated outputs. JHQHWLFVPD\LQÀXHQFHKDELWDWDQGPLJUDWLRQSDWWHUQV

DO NOT CITE 116 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

&$1 &877,1* %$5 02',),&$7,216 5('8&( %< 86( 2) &,7,=(1 6&,(17,676 72 021,725 +$50 &$7&+ $1' ,1&5($6( &$7&+ ()),&,(1&< ,1 7+( )8/$/*$/%/2206&+$1*(6,1(19,5210(17$/ $7/$17,&6($6&$//23'5('*(),6+(5<" &21',7,216$1',7687,/=$7,21,1$48$&8/785( -DVRQ0RUVRQ1 (OHDQRU%RFKHQHN1'RXJODV=HPHFNLV2-HQ 6WHYH / 0RUWRQ1 -HQQLIHU 0DXFKHU)XTXD\1 DQG $QWRQLR QLIHU*LXV17HUHVD/LQ1-RVHSK2¶%ULHQ1DQG-HIIUH\6LODG\ %UDYR2 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 1NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, HAB Monitoring and Reference 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 Branch, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 2Rutgers University, Department of Agriculture and Natural Re- 2(3$ +HDGTXDUWHUV 2I¿FH RI :HWODQGV 2FHDQV DQG :DWHU- sources, 1623 Whitesville Road, Toms River, NJ 08755 sheds, William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Av- 3Cooperative Extension of Ocean County, 1623 Whitesville enue, N.W., Mail Code: 4501T, Washington, DC 20460 Road, Toms River, NJ 08755 [email protected] [email protected] The negative environmental public health impacts from harm- 7KHFXUUHQWGUHGJHFRQ¿JXUDWLRQXVHGWRKDUYHVW$WODQWLFVHD ful algal blooms (HAB) have been noted recently in association scallops (3ODFRSHFWHQPDJHOODQLFXV) in the northeast United States ZLWKSHWGHDWKV¿VKNLOOVDQGGLVHDVHRXWEUHDNVLQPDULQHELUGV allows some non-target species to escape, but some bycatch is still and mammals. Mounting evidence indicates global climate chang- UHWDLQHG7KHFXWWLQJEDURIWKHFXUUHQWOHJDOGUHGJHLVLQD¿[HG es support increased frequency and geographic extent of HAB. SRVLWLRQDQGIRUPVDÀDW GHJUHH DQJOHZLWKWKHVHDÀRRU2XU The Phytoplankton Monitoring Network (PMN) is a NOAA re- LQGXVWU\ SDUWQHU GHVLJQHG D PRGL¿HG GUHGJH ZLWK DQ DGMXVWDEOH search-based program utilizing volunteers to monitor phytoplank- cutting bar. Angling the cutting bar is hypothesized to increase ton species composition and environmental conditions. Volunteers escapement of unwanted bycatch by altering the hydrodynamics are trained to identify general classes of phytoplantkon, including between the dredge frame and the chain bag. We conducted paired NQRZQWR[LQSURGXFLQJVSHFLHVDQG¿YHQRQWR[LFVSHFLHVLP- WRZV Q ZLWKWKLVPRGL¿HGGUHGJHDQGDVWDQGDUGOHJDOFRP- portant for the aquaculture industry. mercial dredge in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic during the summer and fall Since 2001, the network area includes coastal Atlantic, Gulf RIWRHYDOXDWHKRZWKHEDUPRGL¿FDWLRQLPSDFWVE\FDWFKDQG DQG3DFL¿FZDWHUV,Q12$$DQG(3$FROODERUDWHGWRH[- FDWFKHI¿FLHQF\:HWHVWHGIRXUDQJOHV DQGGHJUHHV pand this citizen science program into freshwater habitats. Volun- RQWKHFXWWLQJEDU3UHOLPLQDU\UHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHPRGL¿HG teers participate in hands-on research by collecting water samples, FXWWLQJEDUVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGE\FDWFKRIVDQGGROODUVVPDOOHU identifying species of interest, and entering data on a weekly or VHD VFDOORSV DQG VRPH ¿Q¿VK 6LGHE\VLGH YLGHR FRPSDULVRQ bi-weekly basis. Volunteers monitoring these sites represent pub- VKRZV KLJKHU WXUEXOHQFH EHKLQG WKH FXWWLQJ EDU RQ WKH PRGL¿HG lic and private schools, colleges and universities, Native American dredge relative to the standard dredge at all tested angles. This WULEHVVWDWHDQGQDWLRQDOSDUNVDTXDULXPVFLYLFJURXSVVKHOO¿VK turbulence appears to be ejecting small sea scallops, sand dollars, growers and other non-governmental organizations. DQGVRPH¿Q¿VKWKURXJKWKHURRIRIWKHWZLQHWRSEHIRUHUHDFKLQJ The PMN was able to grow into a national monitoring program the chain bag. While the results are preliminary, they suggest this by use of various web-based tools such as an interactive web site PRGL¿FDWLRQFRXOGVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHE\FDWFKDQGLQFUHDVHFDWFK and a geographic information system tool for data visualization and HI¿FLHQF\$GGLWLRQDO¿HOGWHVWLQJLQZLOOIXUWKHUHYDOXDWHWKH searchable database. NOAA scientists using internet teleconference SRWHQWLDORIFXWWLQJEDUPRGL¿FDWLRQVIRUUHGXFLQJE\FDWFKLQWKH capabilities and next generation digital microscopes give volunteer FRPPHUFLDOVHDVFDOORS¿VKHU\ training sessions and workshops. This presentation will outline the use of these technologies and highlight the use of volunteer data in aquaculture settings.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 117

/$59$/ 63,//29(5 2) 6($ 6&$//236 3/$&2 ,03529,1* 48$17,),&$7,21 2) 3$7+2*(1,& 3(&7(1 0$*(//$1,&86 )520 $ 527$7,21$/ )25062)VIBRIO637+528*+02/(&8/$5',$* &/26('$5($,17+(0,'$7/$17,&%,*+7 1267,&6 'DSKQH00XQURH 1 'HERUDK5+DUW2'DOH+DLGYRJHO-R 5DFKHO71REOH 1$'HQHQH%ODFNZRRG17KRPDV$&OHUNLQ1 VHSK&DUDFDSSD1-RKQ0.OLQN4(LOHHQ+RIPDQQ4%XUWRQ9 DQG%UHWW$)URHOLFK2 6KDQN2DQG(ULF13RZHOO5 1UNC Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ 08349 2George Mason University, Department of Biological Sciences, 2NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water St., 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030 Woods Hole, MA, 02543 [email protected] 3Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Unlike other microbial contaminants of public health concern 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 IRU VKHOO¿VK WKDW DUH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK IHFDO FRQWDPLQDWLRQ 9LEULR 4Old Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Ocean- bacteria occur naturally in estuarine and marine waters. Currently, ography, 4111 Monarch Way, Norfolk VA 23529 risk reduction to prevent 9LEULRLOOQHVVHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVKHOO¿VK 5University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Labo- consumption, in particular 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXVand 9YXOQL¿FXV, ratory, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564 is regulated in a unique collaboration across the Interstate Shell- [email protected] ¿VK6DQLWDWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH ,66& )RRGDQG'UXJ$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 7KHVHDVFDOORS¿VKHU\LVDPRQJWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHLQWKH86 (FDA), and individual coastal states. For 9LEULRSDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV, Landings from 2000-2016 averaged about twice that from 1980- the recommended approach for states is to reduce the probability 1999; these increases largely occuring in the Mid-Atlantic Bight of illness by assessing periods that have been historically associ- (MAB) which is managed in part by a system of rotational closed ated with illness and to implement a comprehensive program that areas. The northernmost rotational closure, Hudson Canyon South includes time to temperature and resubmergence controls, then (HCS), has had three full closures and reopening cycles since ini- appropriate state agencies designate appropriate regulations to tial closure in 1998. Simulations of larval transport, based on an PLWLJDWHKHDOWKLVVXHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKUDZVKHOO¿VKFRQVXPSWLRQ implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System for the Even with this preventive structure, the variable nature of 9LEULR sp. MAB, suggest that scallop larvae from HCS often disperse to the SDWKRJHQFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDUHGLI¿FXOWWRPDQDJHEHFDXVHGLIIHUHQW two more southern rotational areas, Elephant Trunk (ET) and Del- regions, sites, oyster grow out types, and a host of other factors marva (DMV). Scallop recruitment in ET was over seven times complicate the management of pre- and post-harvest treatments. higher from 1998-2016 than in the preclosure (1977-1997) peri- Research will be presented that is focused on 1) designing and im- od (p < 0.001). Moreover, strong year-classes in ET are correlated plementing improved quantitative, cost effective molecular tools with years with high biomass in HCS, and with good connectivity IRUTXDQWL¿FDWLRQRISDWKRJHQLFIRUPVRI9LEULRsp. 2) comparing between these areas as estimated by the larval transport model. Re- these methods to existing culture-based methods, while understand- cruitment in DMV since 1998 was over twice that in the preclo- LQJWKHFKDQJLQJQHHGVRIWKHVKHOO¿VKLQGXVWU\DQG HQJDJLQJWKH sure period (p < 0.001). The rotational closures in HCS not only VKHOO¿VKLQGXVWU\LQDGYDQFHPHQWVLQPROHFXODUGLDJQRVWLFVVXFK increased spawning biomass there, but may have also considerably as cost-effective monitoring strategies, and paired ecological stud- increased fertilization success in broadcast spawning sea scallops ies of 9LEULR sp. The combined effort will hopefully help the US E\SUHYHQWLQJKLJKGHQVLW\VFDOORSEHGVIURPEHLQJ¿VKHGGRZQ VKHOO¿VKLQGXVWU\JDLQDSURDFWLYHSRVLWLRQRQ9LEULR sp. pathogens These results indicate that the rotational closure of HCS has not in the face of climate change. only increased yield-per-recruit in this area by allowing scallops to grow to a larger size before harvesting, but has likely induced increases in sea scallop recruitment in down-current areas, thereby FRQWULEXWLQJWRWKHLQFUHDVHVLQODQGLQJVIRUWKLVYDOXDEOH¿VKHU\

DO NOT CITE 118 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

7+(+$:$,,$1%2%7$,/648,'EUPRYMNA SCOLOPES resource (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly). To date, this pipeline $6$02'(/+267)2581'(567$1',1*7+(52/( has been used to annotate more than 580 eukaryotic genomes across 2)%(1(),&,$/%$&7(5,$,1(**'()(16($1''( diverse array of taxa that including numerous invertebrate species. 9(/230(17,1&(3+$/232'6 $PRQJ WKHVH DQQRWDWHG JHQRPHV DUH VHYHUDO VSHFLHV RI VKHOO¿VK 6SHQFHU91\KROP including oyster, shrimp and scallop. The annotations provided by University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell this pipeline are available in various NCBI resources, including Biology, 91 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269 Reference Sequence (RefSeq) sequence databases, Gene, BLAST [email protected] databases, FTP and in the NCBI Genome Data Viewer (GDV). The Hawaiian bobtail squid, (XSU\PQD VFRORSHV, serves as a All genome annotations produced by this pipeline are in scope for PRGHOKRVWIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQWHUDFWLRQVZLWKEHQH¿FLDOEDFWHULD manual curation by the RefSeq curation group. This presentation Female squid house a diverse bacterial community in the accessory will describe some of the computational and manual curation pro- nidamental gland (ANG), part of the reproductive system. Bacteria cedures used in the NCBI genome annotation process and provide from the $OSKDSURWHREDFWHULD (5KRGREDFWHUDFHDH), 9HUUXFRPLFUR- guidance on how these resources can be accessed and utilized by ELD*DPPDSURWHREDFWHULDand)ODYREDFWHULLD dominate the ANG WKHVKHOO¿VKUHVHDUFKFRPPXQLW\LQFOXGLQJDQHZVHDUFKIXQFWLRQ- and are deposited into the egg jelly coat (JC) where they are hy- DOLW\WR¿QGKRPRORJRXVJHQHVHWV pothesized to defend eggs from potential pathogens and biofouling during embryogenesis. Eggs treated with antibiotics developed a biomass, primarily composed of the fungus )XVDULXPNHUDWRSODV- WLFXP, which led to the death of the embryos. ANG/JC bacterial strains and extracts inhibited )NHUDWRSODVWLFXP and/or the human &$5$3$&( %,2*(2&+(0,675< 5(9($/6 %/8( pathogen &DQGLGDDOELFDQV. To better understand the development &5$% 0,*5$7,216 )520 1856(5< 72 63$:1,1* of the ANG symbiosis, TEM and confocal microscopy were used +$%,7$76 to show that the developing organ is poised to recruit bacteria from 0DWWKHZ%2JEXUQ 5RE$JXLODU&\QWKLD&*LOPRXUDQG the environment, likely via the colonization of numerous ciliated $QVRQ++LQHV ducts that are open to seawater. Furthermore, squid raised with Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees VWHULOL]HGVXEVWUDWHDQGDUWL¿FLDOVHDZDWHUIDLOHGWRGHYHORSDQ$1* Wharf Rd., Edgewater, MD 21037 or had severely stunted organs (n = 15), while animals raised with [email protected] substrate from the squid’s natural habitat developed normal ANGs The blue crab, &DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXVVXSSRUWVWKHODUJHVW¿VKHU\ (n = 9). Taken together, these data suggest that the ANG symbiosis in the Chesapeake Bay and is a key component of the estuarine is environmentally transmitted, and that bacteria from the host’s food web. Multi-jurisdictional (MD, VA, Potomac River) blue crab environment induce development of the organ while providing for management is focused on protecting female spawning stock, but egg defense from potential pathogens in the mature association. Ef- the relative contribution of different nursery habitats to the spawn- forts are underway to characterize the symbiont diversity from the ing stock is unknown. Biogeochemical (stable isotope and trace ANGs of a number of cephalopod species from around the world. metal) signatures may provide a way to identify a female nursery KDELWDWRIRULJLQ:HFRQGXFWHGDODUJHVFDOH¿HOGH[SHULPHQWWR determine: 1) spatial and temporal variation in nursery habitat biogeochemical signatures, 2) whether signatures remain stable during the spawning migration, and 3) the relative contribution of nursery 7+( 1$7,21$/ &(17(5 )25 %,27(&+12/2*< ,1 habitats to the spawning stock. Spatial and temporal variation were )250$7,21 1&%, *(120($1127$7,215(6285& determined using recently-mated female blue crabs collected from (6)256+(//),6+63(&,(6 21 sites in the Chesapeake Bay during fall 2014 and spring 2015. 1XDOD $ 2¶/HDU\ )UDQFRLVH 7KLEDXG1LVVHQ 7HUHQFH ' A mark-recapture experiment was conducted to obtain migrating 0XUSK\WKH(XNDU\RWLF*HQRPH$QQRWDWLRQ*URXSDQG9DO crabs of known origin to ground-truth methods. The spawning stock HULH6FKQHLGHU was sampled in July 2015 in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Crab cara- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Li- pace material was analyzed for stable isotopes (C, N) and 17 trace brary of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville metals. The resulting biogeochemical composition will be used in Pike, Bethesda MD a discriminant function analysis to assign crabs to the management [email protected] jurisdiction, region and tributary of origin. Preliminary results are The NCBI Eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline incorporates indicative of substantial variation in the contributions of nursery genomic, transcript, and protein sequence records, including RNA- habitats to the spawning stock and suggest that this approach could seq data available in SRA, to provide comprehensive annotations provide new information useful for conservation of both the blue of public genomeDO assemblies submitted to theNOT NCBI Assembly crab spawning stock and essentialCITE nursery habitat. 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 119

5,6. 0$1$*(0(17 2) $'',7,9(6 75$16)(55(' 1$9,*$7,1*7+(&203/(;,7<2)6+(//),6+$48$ )5203/$67,&(48,30(17,172)$50('2<67(56 &8/785(/($6,1*$1'3(50,77,1*81'(567$1' 6RSKLH2PRQW1 1DWKDOLH&RWWLQ2&DUROH&KDUEXLOOHW'DQLHO ,1*+2:7+(3,(&(6),772*(7+(5 )URHOLFK4DQG(PPDQXHO1DIIUHFKRX[2 6WHSKDQLH2WWV DQG=DFKDU\.OHLQ 1AMVALOR, Institut Arts et Métiers de Chambéry, Laboratoire National Sea Grant Law Center, University of Mississippi, P.O. Conception de Produits et Innovation LCPI - Paris, 4 rue du Lac Box 1848, University, MS 38677 Majeur, F-73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex [email protected] 2Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire de Chimie Molécu- Legal and permitting issues are consistently ranked as a criti- laire et Environnement LCME, F-73376 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex FDOLPSHGLPHQWWRGRPHVWLFVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHGHYHORSPHQWDQG 3Arts et Métiers, Institut de Chambéry, Laboratoire I2M - Bor- expansion. The regulatory landscape that faces the aquaculture in- deaux, 4 rue du Lac Majeur, F-73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex dustry can be confusing and complicated. The landscape is also an 4Arts et Métiers, Institut de Chambéry, Laboratoire Concep- evolving one, where new laws, regulations, and court decisions can tion de Produits et Innovation LCPI -Paris, 4 rue du Lac Majeur, result in major changes to the process. F-73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex 7KLVSUHVHQWDWLRQZLOOSURYLGHDQLQWURGXFWLRQWRVWDWHVKHOO¿VK [email protected] leasing and permitting, including the different kinds of mechanisms Most of equipment used in oyster farming, such as oyster spat that can be used to authorize aquaculture activities and the property collectors, ropes, oyster bags, and lanterns are made of plastic ma- rights that each mechanism confers. There will also be a brief dis- WHULDO0RUHRYHUDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVFLHQWL¿FOLWHUDWXUHSODVWLFVLQWKH cussion of the roles of federal, state, and local governments and the sea potentially release chemical substances, micro and nano-plas- various agencies involved. The interplay of federal environmen- tics in their surrounding environment, which may be transferred or tal statutes, such as the Endangered Species Act, will be explored bio-accumulated into marine organisms. Currently, the transfer and as well as state obligations under the Public Trust Doctrine. Ad- the effects of these components across the marine trophic chain are ditionally, the presentation will review the other uses with which a potential source of concern which need to be more studied to be DTXDFXOWXUH FRPSHWHV IRU VSDFH DQG KRZ WKHVH XVH FRQÀLFWV FDQ better understood. complicate the permitting process or result in challenges after ac- In this context any new plastic equipment designed for oyster tivities are authorized. This presentation will conclude by sharing farming, should be eco-designed in order to reduce these risks. WKHUHVXOWVRIUHFHQWO\FRPSOHWHGFROODERUDWLYHSURMHFWDPRQJ¿YH An eco-design methodology has been developed in this purpose. 6HD*UDQWSURJUDPVH[DPLQLQJLPSHGLPHQWVWRVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXO- One part of which concerns the selection of the polymer and its ture across the United States. additives which should both: 1) maintain the polymer integrity and prevent its degradation during its marine use, 2) moderate any potential sanitary hazard for oyster consumers hypothetically due to DGGLWLYHVPLJUDWLRQ$SRO\ROH¿QVWDELOL]HGZLWKWKLVPHWKRGRORJ\ is currently used during a whole oyster farming cycle to assess the ),567 1$785$/ ),(/' 678'< 2) 2<67(5 6+(// potential transfer of additives into the farmed oysters at different /266$&$6(678'<)5207+(0,66,66,33,6281' biological stages. The compliant for food contact phosphite-based 6DUD03DFH1 /HDQQH03RXVVDUG1(ULF13RZHOO1.DWKU\Q antioxidant tris (2,4 di-tert butylphenyl) phosphite, and its degra- $$VKWRQ$OFR[2.HOVH\0.X\NHQGDOO1/DXUD.6ROLQJHU1 dation product tris (2,4 di-tert butylphenyl) phosphate, which have .DWKOHHQ0+HPHRQ1DQG7KRPDV06RQLDW recently been detected in water and sediments in the area around 1University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Lab- Chicago and can migrate into fatty food simulants, have been se- oratory, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 lected for this assessment. The methodology developed and the in 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ VLWX experiment will be presented. 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ 08349 3University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Scienc- es, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148 [email protected] In September 2016, a mass mortality event occurred across oyster reefs in the Mississippi Sound. One of the affected reefs was Pass Christian where recruitment was limited over the subsequent years. This resulted in little shell addition over a 2.67-year period, allowing for the comparison of the shell length to weight relationship from the living oysters present in August 2016 to that of the DO NOTdead shell collected in AprilCITE 2019. The ability to make this compar- 120 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

LVRQSURYLGHGDQRSSRUWXQLW\IRUWKH¿UVWQDWXUDO¿HOGVWXG\RIWKH *(127<3('(3(1'(17 0257$/,7< $1' *52:7+ rate of taphonomic loss of oyster shell. By April 2019, most oyster ,1/$59$(2)7+(3$&,),&2<67(5 valves were riddled with holes. Left valves were preferentially pre- 7&)UDQFLV3DQ DQG'HQQLV+HGJHFRFN served with left valves comprising 67% of the intact valves and University of Southern California, Department of Biological 85% of the minor fragments. Thus, by April 2019, minimally 50% Sciences, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371 of the right valves originally present on the reef had disappeared. [email protected] Based on estimates derived from changes in shell weight at length Growth during larval development in bivalves is highly vari- in addition to the estimates of right valve losses, between 30% and able. High variation in growth is evident even among sibling larvae 51% of the carbonate originally added to the reef following the reared at the same environmental condition. The ability to identify 2016 mortality event was lost, suggesting an oyster shell half-life individuals with high growth potential early in development, how- of between 2.6 and 5.1 years in the Mississippi Sound. Literature ever, remains challenging. In this study, sibling larvae were pro- from a wide latitudinal and temperature range suggests that these GXFHGE\SDLUPDWLQJRIDGXOW3DFL¿FR\VWHUV&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV, rapid oyster shell taphonomic rates are common over much of the and were reared under the same laboratory conditions. Larvae of range of the eastern oyster. the same age were size-fractionated to produce groups of individuals that showed contrasting size-at-age relationships. Forty-seven single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used for genotyping of parental tissues and individual larvae from each of the groups with different growth rates. Segregation distortion from Mendelian ,03$&76 2) 2&($1$&,',),&$7,21 21 %/8( 086 expectation was observed at approximately a third of all markers 6(/*52:7+$1'6+(//6 genotyped, indicating viability selection on linked marker loci. 'LDQQD.3DGLOOD1 )ORU9LOODQXHYD2/HRQDUGR&DPSRV2/LVD With respect to the variation in larval growth, genotype frequen- 0LONH6KDQQRQ0HVHFN'\ODQ5HGPDQ0DUN'L[RQDQG F\DWGLIIHUHQWORFLZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWDPRQJODUYDHIURP 'DYLG9HLOOHX[ different size groups. Overall, these results provide direct evidence 1Stony Brook University, Department of Ecology and Evolu- of genetic differences that may be linked to growth variation. The tion, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794 number of loci associated with viability and growth highlights 2Brentwood High School, 2 6th Ave, Brentwood, NY 11717 complex regulation of basic larval biology that is highly relevant to 3NOAA Fisheries Service, Milford Laboratory, 212 Rogers Ave, DTXDFXOWXUHSURGXFWLRQ7KHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHVHJHQHWLFPDUNHUV Milford, CT 06460 in combination with LQYLYRPHDVXUHPHQWVRIVSHFL¿FELRFKHPLFDO [email protected] and physiological processes provide a promising way forward to Bivalved molluscs are expected to be particularly sensitive to predict growth potential and understand the complex relationship WKHLPSDFWVRIRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ 2$ KRZHYHUZHGRQRWNQRZ between genotype and phenotype. whether there are differences among animals among populations where local environmental conditions vary. Juvenile mussels were reared that were produced from the larvae of parents from four different populations around Long Island Sound that were grown under different OA treatments, pH near 8 (Aragonite saturation > ())(&76 2) ',))(5(17 ),1$1&,1* 6&(1$5,26 21 1) and pH near 7.6 (Aragonite saturation < 1). Expectations based 0$5

GHWHUPLQLVWLFR\VWHUIDUP¿QDQFLDOPRGHOVEDVHGRQ¿UPEXVLQHVV $33/,&$7,212)08/7,3/(0(7+2'6)257+('( plans to evaluate uncertainty in the deterministic estimates of net 7(&7,21 $1' (180(5$7,21 2) 3$7+2*(1,& VIB- SUHVHQWYDOXHRIFDVKÀRZVXVLQJ0RQWH&DUORDQDO\VLV3UREDELOL- RIO633,10,'$7/$17,&6($:$7(5$1'2<67(56 ty distributions were developed by interviewing oyster culture ex- 6DOLQD 3DUYHHQ1 -RKQ -DFREV2 *XOQLKDO 2]ED\ /DWKDGHYL perts on key performance variables for bottom culture and water &KLQWDSHQWD (VDP $OPXKDLGHE1 -RDQ 0HUHGLWWK1 6\OYLD column culture farms of different sizes. Farms with MARBIDCO 2VVDL1$UTXHWWH *UDQW1$PDQGD$EERWW 3DXOLQXV &KLJEX1 IXQGLQJZHUHDOVRFRPSDUHGZLWKIDUPV¿QDQFHGZLWKSULYDWHIXQGV .DWK\%URKDZQ4DQG*DU\5LFKDUGV5 DQGWKRVHREWDLQHGWKURXJKWUDGLWLRQDO¿QDQFLQJ5HVXOWVZLOOEH 1University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agricul- SUHVHQWHG RQ RYHUDOO IDUP SUR¿WDELOLW\ FRPSDULQJ 0$5%,'&2 ture, Food and Resource Sciences, 1868 College Backbone Rd., funding, traditional funding and use of private funds over a 10-year Princess Anne, MD 21853 period. 2National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 904 South Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654 3Delaware State University, Department of Agriculture and Nat- ural Resources, 1200 N DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901 4Maryland Department of the Environment, 1800 Washington 6867$,1$%/(2<67(5$48$&8/785(:$7(548$/ Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21230 ,7<,03529(0(17$1'(&26<67(06(59,&(9$/ 5United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Re- 8(327(17,$/,10$5

6($85&+,1+$7&+(5<7(&+12/2*< research has examined this, with no information being available for &KULVWRSKHU03HDUFH the red sea urchin (0HVRFHQWURWXVIUDQFLVFDQXV), a candidate aqua- )LVKHULHVDQG2FHDQV&DQDGD3DFL¿F%LRORJLFDO6WDWLRQ culture species in north-western North America. The present study Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9T examined survivorship, gonad yield, and gonad quality (lightness, 6N7 redness, yellowness, and degree of colour difference) of red sea [email protected] urchins 2 weeks after exposure to three 2-hour transport methods: Echinoid broodstock are collected from the wild and condi- PLONFUDWHVSODFHGLQWZRSODVWLF¿VKWRWHV /[:[+ tioned on macroalgae or prepared diets. The sexes are separate and [[FP9ROXPH/ZLWKWHQFUDWHVSHU¿VKWRWH JDPHWHVFDQEHFROOHFWHGYLDQDWXUDODUWL¿FLDOVSDZQLQJRUE\VDF- WKDWZHUH¿OOHGZLWKDPELHQWVHDZDWHU ³ZHWFUDWH´ VHDOHG6W\- UL¿FLQJWKHDGXOWV)HPDOHDQGPDOHJDPHWHVDUHPL[HGWRJHWKHU rofoam boxes (L x W x H: 55.2 x 33.6 x 40.3 cm, Volume: 38 L) After 5–10 minutes, the eggs are washed with one or more changes ¿OOHGZLWKDPELHQWVHDZDWHU ³ZHWER[´ DQG VHDOHG6W\URIRDP RI ¿OWHUHG VHDZDWHU )6: WR UHPRYH DQ\ GHEULV DQG WR SUHYHQW boxes without seawater, but with wet burlap placed on top of the polyspermy. Fertilized eggs are held in standing cultures at densi- XUFKLQV ³GU\ ER[´ :KLOH QR JRQDGDO SDUDPHWHUV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ ties of ~1–2 mL of eggs per 100 mL FSW. Resultant larvae can be differed between transportation methods, percent survivorships for UHDUHGLQFRQWDLQHUVRIDQ\VL]HXQGHUHLWKHUVWDWLFRUÀRZWKURXJK the wet boxes and wet crates were both 100% while the dry boxes conditions. If the former is used, there should be some form of was 58.3% after two weeks, indicating that wet transport would be gentle agitation (HJ stir paddles, gentle aeration) and 50–100% preferred over dry transport for 0IUDQFLVFDQXV. of the culture water should be replaced twice a week. Early-stage larval densities should be typically 1,000–1,500 inds L-1, with late- stage densities reduced to 100–800 inds L-1. They can be fed natural or cultured phytoplankton. Competent larvae (ready for settlement/ metamorphosis) are typically placed in large tanks or raceways $ &+5202620(/(9(/ 5()(5(1&( *(120( $6 with vertical transparent polycarbonate plates, covered with micro- 6(0%/< )25 7+( 3$&,),& 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA ELDO¿OPVWRLQGXFHVHWWOHPHQWDQGDVDIRRGVRXUFHIRUWKHUHFHQW- GIGAS ly settled juveniles. At about 50 days old, juveniles can be given &DUROLQD3HxDOR]D $OHMDQGUR*XWLHUUH]/HO(RU\$ODQ$U soft foliose macroalgae or powdered prepared diets. The juveniles FKLEDOG7LP%HDQDQG5RVV+RXVWRQ remain on these plates until they reach a test diameter of at least University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) 5–10 mm. They are then removed from the plates and transferred School of Veterinary Studies, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United King- to land-based or sea-based grow-out systems or the wild (for stock dom enhancement). [email protected] 3DFL¿FR\VWHUV &UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV) are a key aquaculture species globally and have major ecological roles in coastal ecosystems. The availability of a highly contiguous and accurate reference genome is essential for answering fundamental biological questions, and for ())(&7 2) 75$163257 0(7+2' 21 68%6(48(17 the genetic improvement of production traits via genomics-enabled 6859,9256+,3$1' *21$'<,(/'$1' 48$/,7< ,1 EUHHGLQJ3DFL¿FR\VWHUVDQGELYDOYHVLQJHQHUDOH[KLELWKLJKOHY- 7+( 5(' 6($ 85&+,1 MESOCENTROTUS FRANCIS- els of heterozygosity, making GHQRYR assembly challenging. The CANUS current public genome assembly for & JLJDV has been utilised &KULVWRSKHU03HDUFH1 DQG(PLO\0:DUUHQ for a multitude of studies, however, is highly fragmented with 1)LVKHULHVDQG2FHDQV&DQDGD3DFL¿F%LRORJLFDO6WDWLRQ numerous misassembled scaffolds. To effectively support genetics Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7 Can- and genomic research in this species, there is a need for improved ada assemblies. 2University of Victoria, Department of Geography, PO Box The aim of this research was to develop a substantially im- 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada SURYHG3DFL¿FR\VWHUJHQRPHDVVHPEO\E\PDNLQJXVHRIORQJUHDG [email protected] sequencing and scaffolding technologies. A single female was se- Sea urchin gonad enhancement entails collecting low-gonad- TXHQFHGDWKLJKFRYHUDJH a[ XVLQJ3DFL¿F%LRVFLHQFHVWRJHWK- yield sea urchins from the wild, placing them in land-based or er with Illumina’s highly accurate short reads for error correction. sea-based captivity, and feeding them a prepared or natural diet to After comparing different assembly algorithms, the Canu-assembly produce high quality/quantity gonads for marketing. Collection and was selected as the reference genome. The putative highly diver- transportation to the culture facility can be stressful to the urchins gent haplotypes were detected and reassigned using the purge hap- and cause subsequent mortalities and sub-optimal gonad yield/ lotigs pipeline. Following scaffolding using Hi-C sequence reads quality. Minimizing this handling stress is critical to ensuring max- and integration of the scaffolds with a high-density linkage map, imum survivorshipDO and optimal gonad enhancement, NOT yet very little a chromosome-level assembly CITE was created with a scaffold N50 of 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 123

58.4Mb. This new reference genome assembly is likely to be a use- of the chemical composition of the water within seagrass patches is ful framework for the oyster genetics community, and an important XQNQRZQDVLVWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKVHDJUDVVPRGL¿HGZDWHUH[WHQGV future step will be to cross-reference with high-quality genome as- beyond seagrass canopies. semblies from other &JLJDVpopulations to examine the extent of The variability in water chemistry was assessed between salt- LQWUDVSHFL¿FJHQHWLFYDULDWLRQLQWKLVVSHFLHV marshes, macroalgae and two seagrass beds over the course of a growing season. In addition, the variability in water chemistry ZDV TXDQWL¿HG DFURVV D VHDVFDSH YLD FRQWLQXDOO\ SXPSLQJ ZDWHU from 0.1 m above the sediment into an instrument reservoir mea-

suring pTH, DO, temperature and pCO2 as the sampling track was C20,&7(&+12/2*,(6$33/,('72$48$&8/785( recorded in and out of the seagrass canopy using a Trimble DGPS. 0/X]3pUH]3DUDOOp Discrete sampling collected every 10 m along the sampling path Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Acuicultu- provided full carbonate chemistry. Utilizing georeferenced drone ra, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Laboratorio LPDJHU\DQGRYHUOD\LQJTXDQWL¿HGZDWHUFKHPLVWU\ S+pCO2, DO de Biología Molecular y del Desarrollo, Campus Vida, 15782-San- and DIC), the impact of seagrass patches on pCO2 and pTH were tiago de Compostela, Spain determined. [email protected] If coastal ecosystems are to be conserved and managed under Òmic´ technologies refer to a range of modern methods that future conditions, a broader understanding of the dynamic eco- include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. system services provided by seagrasses, including the interactions These techniques generate numerous data that can be integrated between the biogenic habitat services and the multitude of taxa using bioinformatics to provide information on how the organisms that rely on seagrasses, is essential. The central challenge now is function and how organisms respond to various environmental con- WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHOLQNVEHWZHHQRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQDQGHFRV\VWHP ditions. functioning. Òmic´ technology has a broad range of application. In the case of aquaculture its applications include genomic selection for VHOHFWLYH EUHHGLQJ SURJUDPV LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI QRYHO SDWKRJHQV LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIPLFURELRPDVHOHFWLRQRIGLVHDVHUHVLVWDQWYDULHW- LHVDXWKHQWLFDWLRQDQGLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIVSHFLHVLQSURFHVVHGIRRG 5$1*(:,'( 3238/$7,21 *(120,& $1$/<6,6 2) products, molecular vaccine development, characterization of the 7+(%/8(&5$%CALLINECTES SAPIDUS SK\VLRORJLFDO PHFKDQLVPV IRU VWUHVV WROHUDQFH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI /RXLV93ORXJK1 %HQ/HH1(ULF6FKRWW2$QG\.RXJK'RQ JHQHVLQYROYHGLQLPPXQHUHVSRQVHVLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIPROHFXOHV &%HKULQJHU-DPLH%RMNR67VYHWDQ%DFKYDURII2DQG-6RRN associated to defence mechanisms or to cellular networks that reg- &KXQJ2 ulate different biological processes, among which is the elimination 1University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, of biotoxins in molluscs. Horn Pt. Lab, 2020 Horns Pt. Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 Òmics´ based techniques are increasingly being applied into 2University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, In- the study of the biology of many aquaculture species; however, the stitute for Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 East Pratt transfer of these resources to growers and industry, in areas such as St., Baltimore, MD 21202 hatchery production, diet and nutrition, immunology and disease 3Haerther Center for Conservation Research, John G. Shedd and food quality and safety, has not been fully realised. Aquarium, 1200 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago IL 60605 4University of Florida, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,7922 NW 71st St., Gainesville FL 32653 5University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, P.O. Box 100009, 2055 Mowry Rd., Gainesville FL 32611 6($*5$66 2$6,6 2&($1$&,',),&$7,21$1' /2: 6Teesside University, School of Health and Life Sciences, Mid- 3+68%6,',(6 dlesbrough, Tees Valley, 10 Borough St, TS1 3BX, United King- %UDGOH\-3HWHUVRQ $O\VRQ9/RZHOO5\DQ%:DOODFHDQG dom &KULVWRSKHU-*REOHU [email protected] Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing are transform- Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968 ing our understanding of the ecology and evolution of commercial- [email protected] O\DQGHFRORJLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWPDULQHVSHFLHVVXFKDVWKHEOXHFUDE Growing evidence indicates that seagrasses may modify local &DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV. This presentation will describe recent work ZDWHUFKHPLVWU\HQRXJKWRJHQHUDWHUHIXJLDIURPDFLGL¿HGZDWHUV assessing range-wide population structure and genomic signatures KRZHYHUOLWWOHTXDQWLWDWLYH¿HOGLQIRUPDWLRQLVDYDLODEOHWRDVFHU- of local adaptation in 16 populations spanning the Caribbean, Gulf tain the magnitudeDO of this buffering effect. The NOTspatial variability of Mexico, South America, CITE and the east coast of the United States. 124 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

Genome-wide genotyping was performed via ddRAD sequencing, and bottom boundary-layer biogeochemical processes affected the aligning paired-end reads to a 2nd generation version of the blue nutrient and oxygen dynamics. Biodeposit resuspension must be crab genome assembled using Dovetail’s HiRise technology. Ap- considered when evaluating oysters as a BMP for Chesapeake Bay. SUR[LPDWHO\VWULQJHQWO\¿OWHUHG613VZHUHJHQHUDWHGDQG preliminary analyses show that populations clustered genetically by region, with Gulf of Mexico populations grouping together and distinctly from Caribbean populations (e.g. Trinidad and Tobago $1$/<6,62)'5('*(()),&,(1&<)252&($148$ and St. Lucia) and Brazilian populations. Pairwise FST estimates among populations were high for between-region comparisons +2*$1'685)&/$0&200(5&,$/'5('*(6 ! LQGLFDWLQJ UHVWULFWHG JHQH ÀRZ RYHU ODUJH JHRJUDSKLF /HDQQH03RXVVDUG1 (ULF13RZHOO1DQG'DQLHO5+HQQHQ2 scales. Interesting patterns of structure were also observed within 1University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Labo- regions, particularly for the Caribbean populations. Adaptive out- ratory, 703 E Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 lier analysis, genotype-environment associations, and comparisons 2NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water St. of observed spatial structure with predictions based on biophysical Woods Hole, MA 02543 modeling of larval transport and adult crab movement will also be [email protected] GLVFXVVHG7KLVLVWKH¿UVWODUJHVFDOHSRSXODWLRQJHQRPLFDVVHVV- The NMFS Atlantic Surfclam/Ocean Quahog survey uses an ment of the blue crab across its entire range and results should ad- HI¿FLHQW FRPPHUFLDO K\GUDXOLF GUHGJH 2YHU WKH FRXUVH RI VHYHUDO vance understanding of how geography, oceanography, and latitu- decades, a series of depletion experiments were conducted to esti- GLQDOYDULDWLRQLQHQYLURQPHQWVKDSHJHQHÀRZDQGDGDSWDWLRQLQ PDWHWKHFDSWXUHHI¿FLHQF\RIWKHVHK\GUDXOLFGUHGJHV:HDQDO\]H this widely dispersing species. all depletion experiments from 1997 to the most recent, using the Patch Model (Rago et al. 2006) to estimate stock density and dredge HI¿FLHQF\EDVHGXSRQWKHFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQDO\VLVRI+HQQHQHWDO $OWKRXJK WKH FRPPHUFLDO K\GUDXOLF GUHGJH LV DQ HI¿FLHQW JHDU WKH UDQJH LQ HI¿FLHQF\ HVWLPDWHV LV VXEVWDQWLDO 6RXUFHV RI ())(&72)7,'$/5(6863(16,21:,7+2<67(5%,2 variability may include species size distribution, dredge size, and '(326,76217+(1875,(17$1'2;<*(1'<1$0 regional edaphic characteristics. The effect of an uneven distribu- ICS tion of animals across the depletion region may also be important. (OND73RUWHU1 6DUD%OLFNHQVWDII1-HIIUH\&&RUQZHOO2DQG Finally, a comparison is made between surfclam and ocean quahog 0HODQLH-DFNVRQ2 experiments under the assumption that ocean quahogs are not fully 1University of Baltimore, 1420 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD available to the dredge due to greater burrowing depth. Analyses pro- 21201 YLGHWKHEDVLVIRUGHYHORSLQJIXUWKHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIJHDUHI¿FLHQF\ 2Horn Point Laboratory, UMCES, 2020 Horns Point Rd., Cam- and contribute to ongoing efforts to improve the surfclam and ocean bridge, MD 21613 quahog assessments. [email protected] To test the effect of biodeposit resuspension on the nutrient and oxygen dynamics a 4-week experiment was performed in three 1000 L shear turbulence resuspension mesocosm (STURM) tanks (R) and three 1000 L non-resuspension tanks (NR). All tanks contained de- &2$67$/$&,',),&$7,21())(&7217+(3+<6,2/ faunated muddy sediment and brackish estuarine water, received 2*<2)7+(($67(512<67(5CRASSOSTREA VIRG- daily additions of oyster biodeposits, and had similar water col- INICA $1(;3(5,0(17$/$1'02'(/,1*6859(< umn RMS turbulent velocities (~ 1 cm s-1), energy dissipation rates (PLOLHQ 3RXVVH1 '\ODQ + 5HGPDQ1 *HRUJH 6HQQHIHOGHU1 (~0.08 cm2 s-3), and tidal cycles (4h mixing-on and 2h mixing off). 0HOLVVD.ULVDN1

resulting in the ocean becoming less basic. Coastal ecosystems, SSP DQGZHUHHLWKHUIHGRUVWDUYHGLQ¿OWHUHGVHDZDWHU where high nutrient levels and rapid growth of plankton further re- Every other week, growth, as well as physiological rates (feeding, duce pH, are especially vulnerable to pH declines. Facing abnormal respiration, ammonia excretion), were measured. Results revealed

CO2 levels, marine organisms may expend more energy to regulate an appreciable reduction in shell-length and live-mass growth pro- physiological chemistry. The eastern oyster is an economically im- portional to pCO2 concentrations. This decline can be attributed to portant bivalve in the U.S. that responds physiologically to ocean UHGXFHGIHHGLQJUDWHV FOHDUDQFHUDWHDVVLPLODWLRQHI¿FLHQF\ DQG DFLGL¿FDWLRQ 2$ ZLWKORZHUJURZWKDQGHIIHFWVRQPHWDEROLFUDWHV or increased metabolic activity (respiration, ammonia excretion). The effect of OA on oyster bioenergetics was explored through a 10-week laboratory experiment in which 900 oysters were exposed to different pCO2 levels (2100, 1500, 800 ppm), with half unfed and the other half exposed to natural seston supplemented with microalgae. Every two weeks, 180 individuals were sampled for length 7+( µ0,5$&/(¶ 2) '(3/(7,21 :+< 7+( 2<67(5 and weight. On weeks 2, 4, 8 and 10, respiration and feeding rates ),6+(5<,61276(/)5(*8/$7,1* were measured in seven individuals per condition. Results showed (ULF13RZHOO1 -RKQ0.OLQFN2DQG/HDQQH03RXVVDUG1 WKDWDVVLPLODWLRQHI¿FLHQF\DQGFOHDUDQFHUDWHZHUHORZHUHGZLWKD 1University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Lab- decreasing pH; however, cumulative effects over 10 weeks were not oratory,703 East Beach Drive, VXI¿FLHQWWRFDXVHDVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQJURZWK Ocean Springs, MI 39564 From these data, a bioenergetics model based upon the Dynam- 2Old Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Ocean- ic Energy Budget (DEB) theory was calibrated. DEB modeling ography, 411 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23529 has been applied widely to bivalves and has allowed researchers to [email protected] quantify effects of physical conditions upon physiological rates and 7KHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWWKHHFRQRPLFVRIWKHR\VWHU¿VKHU\LPSRVH maintenance costs. A DEB model was applied to different scenarios a self-limitation on overharvesting has been proffered on occasion. 7KHLQHI¿FLHQF\RIKDUYHVWLQJE\WKH¿VKHU\KDVEHHQHYDOXDWHG to predict how oyster population could respond to elevated pCO2 in the environment. (Banta et al. N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 23:732-741). Estimates of the exploitation rate permissible under conditions of maximum sus- WDLQDEOH\LHOGKDYHEHHQREWDLQHG 3RZHOOHWDO-6KHOO¿VK5HV 37:833-849). The question becomes: to what extent does the in- HI¿FLHQF\RIKDUYHVWLQWHUDFWZLWKWKHHFRQRPLFVRIWKH¿VKHU\WR 678'<,1* &2$67$/ $&,',),&$7,21 ())(&7 21 FRPSURPLVH UHDG\ GHWHFWLRQ RI RYHU¿VKLQJ"7KLV VWXG\ H[SORUHV 7+( $7/$17,& 685)&/$0 SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA WKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWWKHFRQVWUDLQWRIHFRQRPLFVRQWKH¿VKHU\RF- 7+528*+$1 (;3(5,0(17$/$1' 02'(/,1* 685 curs at oyster exploitation rates that are inconsistent with maxi- 9(< PXPVXVWDLQDEOH\LHOG DQG WKLV OHDGV LQHOXFWDEO\ WR RYHU¿VKLQJ (PLOLHQ 3RXVVH1 0DWWKHZ ( 3RDFK1 '\ODQ + 5HGPDQ1 LIXQFRQVWUDLQHGDQGWRWKHDSSHDUDQFHRIXQGXO\OLPLWHG¿VKLQJ *HRUJH 6HQQHIHOGHU1 'DYLG9HLOOHX[1 0HOLVVD .ULVDN1 0DUN if properly constrained. A model is developed that simulates the 6'L[RQ1-XG\</L1'DSKQH0XQURH2'HERUDK+DUW'DQLHO activity of oyster harvesting. This model tracks vessel behavior +HQQHQ*DU\+:LNIRUV1DQG6KDQQRQ/0HVHFN1 DQG¿VKHU\SHUIRUPDQFHLQHFRQRPLFWHUPV &38( XQGHUYDU\- 1Milford Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, 212 Rogers LQJVWRFNGHQVLWLHVDQGGUHGJHHI¿FLHQFLHV(YDOXDWLRQRIVLPXOD- Ave., Milford, CT 06460 WLRQVVKRZWKDWRYHU¿VKLQJRFFXUVDWDVWRFNGHQVLW\WKDWSURYLGHV 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ QHDURSWLPDOHFRQRPLFUHWXUQVWKHUHE\FUHDWLQJDSRWHQWLDOFRQÀLFW 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ 08349 between apparent and real sustainability that may explain the in- 3NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA ability of state management to impose limitations consistent with 02543 long-term resource stability. [email protected] 6XUIFODP¿VKHULHVUHO\RQZLOGFDXJKWSRSXODWLRQVWKDWFXUUHQW- ly are managed sustainably and harvested responsibly. This species, however, is sensitive to physicochemical changes in the habitat, including temperature and salinity. Yet very little is known about KRZWKLVVSHFLHVPD\UHVSRQGWRRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQHYHQWKRXJK LWKDVEHHQLGHQWL¿HGDVKLJKO\VXVFHSWLEOHWRRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ$ 3-month laboratory experiment, measuring physiological respons- HVZDVFDUULHGRXWWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWVRIRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ upon juvenile surfclams. Surfclams (n=198 each treatment) were H[SRVHGWRÀRZLQJVHDZDWHUDWRQHRIWKHWKUHHDO pCO2NOT levels (576, CITE 126 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

ICHTHYOBODO 633 +2673$5$6,7( ,17(5$&7,216 ,'(17,),&$7,212)02/(&8/$50$5.(56$662&, $1' 3$7+2*(1(6,6 ,1 &(3+$/232'6 $1' 7(/( $7('7226+95(6,67$1&(,1CRASSOSTREA GIGAS 2676 0DULD 3UDGR$OYDUH] 1 -HDQHWWH (/ &DUOVVRQ2 $VXQFLyQ 6DUDK/3R\QWRQ Cao6DUDK&&XOORW\4&DPLQR*HVWDO1$QWRQLR9LOODOEDDQG Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department -HQV&DUOVVRQ2 of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, 855 Broadway Re- 1Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research search Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. 36209, Vigo, Spain [email protected] 2University College Dublin, School of Biology and Environ- $PRQJ ÀDJHOODWH SDUDVLWHV RI DTXDWLF KRVWV ,FKWK\RERGR is PHQWDO6FLHQFH%HO¿HOG'XEOLQ,UHODQG among the most widespread, and among the most pathogenic, caus- 3Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Conselleria do ing the disease ichthyobodosis. This ectoparasitic genus infects a mar da Xunta de Galicia. Pedras de Corón s/n. 36620, Vilanova de broad spectrum of hosts, from cephalopods to teleosts to amphibi- Arousa, Spain ans, and species of ,FKWK\RERGR are found in a wide range of salin- 4University College Cork, AFDC, School of Biological, Earth ities, from many parts of the world. Among hosts held in captivity and Environmental Sciences, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, (whether for research, public display, or in aquaculture), ,FKWK\R- Ireland ERGRLVDVLJQL¿FDQWSDWKRJHQDQGFDQVSUHDGUDSLGO\WKURXJKWKH [email protected] host population, due in part to its direct life cycle (i.e. only a single 6LJQL¿FDQW PRUWDOLWLHV KDYH EHHQ UHJXODUO\ RFFXUULQJ LQ WKH species of host is required). The parasite has two stages in its life 3DFL¿F R\VWHU &UDVVRVWUHD JLJDV, associated with the incidence cycle, a free-swimming stage, and an attached feeding stage – the of OsHV-1 and impacting the aquaculture production at a global trophozoite. level. Long-term solutions such as the selection of resistant strains 0RVW NQRZOHGJH RI WKH UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ WKH ÀDJHOODWH DQGWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIPROHFXODUPDUNHUVKDYHEHHQSRVWXODWHGDV DQGLWVKRVWFRPHVIURPVWXG\RILQIHFWLRQVLQ¿VKRIFRPPHUFLDO SULRULWL]LQJVWUDWHJLHVE\WKHVFLHQWL¿FFRPPXQLW\,QWKLVFRQWH[W importance, particularly salmonids. In additional to classical ap- the information gathered by novel sequencing methodologies of- proaches such as histopathology and scanning and transmission fers new perspectives for the study of non-model species. HOHFWURQPLFURVFRS\WKHLQIHFWLRQVLQ¿VKKDYHDOVREHHQVWXGLHG RNA-seq data previously carried out for comparison of &JL- by immunohistochemistry, autoradiography, gene expression, and JDV spat with different susceptibility was further analysed for po- SSU rDNA sequencing. tential molecular markers examination. For that, read mappings In comparison, the studies of ,FKWK\RERGR infecting cephalo- corresponding to differently expressed transcripts were manually pods are in their infancy, with most information coming from spe- checked for variant localization. Validation of potential polymor- cies of octopus held on exhibit. Such limited studies show that the phisms was carried out in oyster families produced by single pair SUHYDOHQFH RI LQIHFWLRQ FDQ EH KLJK LQ FDSWLYLW\ ZLWK VLJQL¿FDQW matting of adult animals with different susceptibility to OsHV-1. pathology, particularly moderate to severe bronchitis. Scanning and Families were naturally exposed to OsHV-1 in a culturing raft and WUDQVPLVVLRQHOHFWURQPLFURVFRS\UHYHDOVWKDWWKHSDUDVLWHLQÀLFWV after a mortality outbreak; survivors were collected and compared damage to its cephalopod host both by its attachment and feeding, to initial samples. A total of 461 animals were genotyped by se- and may provide a route of entry for secondary infections. TXHQFLQJ XVLQJ LQGLYLGXDO EDUFRGLQJ LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ IRU PXOWLSOH[ DPSOL¿FDWLRQ Twelve transcripts containing 30 nucleotide variants were analysed. Among them, 18 variants were real single nucleotide poly- PRUSKLVPV 613 7KHDOOHOHIUHTXHQFLHVVLJQL¿FDQWO\YDULHGLQ loci on resistant families and 5 loci on susceptible families. More- RYHUWZROLQNHG613VZHUHDOVRVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWDWWHQGLQJWR the disease susceptibility features of the broodstock. These results VKRZHGWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIWZROLQNHGPROHFXODUPDUNHUVWKDWFDQ be used in selective breeding programmes. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 127

())(&72)$1(15,&+('',(7,1*/2%$/3(5)25 $66(66,1*7+((92/87,21$5<5(63216(2)($67 0$1&($1' 75$16&5,3720,& 5(63216( ,1 OCTO- (51 2<67(5 /$59$( 72 (;32685( 72 &2$67$/ PUS VULGARIS $&,',),&$7,21 $1' 6(:$*( ())/8(17 $ &$6( 0DULD 3UDGR$OYDUH]1 3DEOR *DUFtD)HUQiQGH]1 5LFDUGR 678'< 7XU 23HGUR'RPLQJXHV26RQLD'LRV1,QPDFXODGD9DUyDQG -RQDWKDQ%3XULW] -RKDQQD$+DUYH\DQG.DWKOHHQ( &DPLQR*HVWDO1 /RWWHUKRV2 1Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6. 36208, Vigo, Spain es, 120 Flagg Rd., Kingstown, RI 02882 2,QVWLWXWR (VSDxRO GH 2FHDQRJUDItD &HQWUR 2FHDQRJUi¿FR GH 2Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Department Vigo, Subida Radio Faro, 50. 36390, Vigo, Spain of Marine and Environmental Sciences, 430 Nahant Rd., Nahant, 3Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Spanish Na- MA 01908 tional Research Council (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Cas- 3American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, tellón, Spain New York, NY 10024 [email protected] [email protected] The culture of the common octopus, 2FWRSXVYXOJDULV has been Although coastal organisms experience natural and anthropo- a big challenge for the aquaculture sector over the last decades. genic stressors simultaneously across multiple spatial and tempo- Animal settlement at the benthic phase was the main constraint to ral scales, the synergistic effects of multiple stressors are largely close the life cycle since massive mortalities occurred at the end XQNQRZQ ,Q XUEDQL]HG HVWXDULHV FRDVWDO DFLGL¿FDWLRQ &$ FDQ of the planktonic stage. It is known now, that diet requirements be caused by eutrophication (i.e. nutrient loading). CA is strongly PLJKWLQÀXHQFHWKHVXFFHVVIXORIVHWWOHPHQWPRUHWKDQDQ\RWKHU DVVRFLDWHGZLWKDVHFRQGDQWKURSRJHQLFVWUHVVRUVHZDJHHIÀXHQW culturing parameter. Indeed, a proper diet was the trigger element 6( 6(FDQFDXVHDFLGL¿FDWLRQORFDOO\E\LQFUHDVLQJQLWURJHQ 1 that allowed closing the life cycle on this species. loads and stimulating algal and microbial production of CO2. Even In this study, a transcriptomic comparison on 20 days post-hatch- treated SE can cause CA because excess N is often removed with ing paralarvae was carried out to compare the effect of a mixed PLFURELDOWUHDWPHQWVOHDGLQJWRHIÀXHQWWKDWLVORZLQ1EXWKDV enriched diet and $UWHPLD-based diet. The whole paralarvae was decreased pH and increased concentrations of CO2. The physiolog- used for RNA extraction and subjected to RNA-sequencing using ical effects of CA and SE have been well characterized separately the Illumina platform. but have never been examined together in early life history stages Global performance in terms of weight and survival was sig- when organisms are most sensitive to stressors. Additionally, re- QL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUDIWHUIHHGLQJRQWKHPL[HGHQULFKHGGLHW$KLJK- sults from many studies have not been examined in a mechanistic er number of transcripts related to metabolism, biosynthesis and framework, such as identifying the genes that provide resistance transport were up-regulated in $UWHPLD-based diet. This might indi- to multiple stressors. Here, multiple factorial exposures on eastern cate that the digestion process was still ongoing at the moment of oyster larvae were used to characterize the effects of CA and SE sampling or internal reserves were mobilized for energy obtaining on larval mortality and use expressed exome capture sequencing to GXHWRDQXWULWLRQDOO\GH¿FLHQWGLHW(QHUJ\FRQVXPLQJSURFHVVHV detect which genetic variants lead to resistance and potential adap- seem to be largely prolonged after feeding on $UWHPLD, especially tation. Preliminary results indicate that CA, SE, and CASE induce considering that animals were under starvation for 12 hours before clear changes in the allelic composition of larval pools and that sampling. the CASE treatment did not represent a composite of the CA and The enriched diet, on the other hand, might favor the proper SE treatment. Higher gene ontologies for outlier loci appear to be development of crucial traits such as vision and neuronal develop- related to chemical and stress response, supporting the possibility ment as transcripts related to crystalline formation and motor neu- of adaptive resistance to multiple stressors. ron preservation are higher expressed in these animals.

DO NOT CITE 128 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

&$5126,1( 5('8&(6 1(85272;,& ())(&76 2) and community resilience in the face of climate change. As part of 0$1*$1(6(21$12<67(5*,//&,/,2,1+,%,725< a series of “Integrated Marine Science” courses, students at the Uni- '23$0,1(6<67(0 versity of Maine explore how to measure the physiological toleranc- &KULVWRSKHU 5DPLUH]1 -DQHWWH 4XLQWXQD2 (GQD *HRUJHV2 es of the blue mussel, 0\WLOXVHGXOLV, a foundation species whose 0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO2DQG(GZDUG-&DWDSDQH2 SUHVHQFHRIWHQLQÀXHQFHVWKHGLYHUVLW\DQGSURGXFWLYLW\RIWHPSHUDWH 1Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, zone intertidal communities. In previous research, Braby and Some- 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 ro used a method known as impendance pneumography to measure 2Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford how heart rate changes under acute stress among three species in the Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 genus 0\WLOXV and demonstrated that the patterns of distribution for [email protected] these congeners is correlated with tolerance to temperature and salin- Manganese causes manganism a Parkinson’s-like disease and ity stress. Our students use the same approach to estimate variation disrupts dopamine neurotransmission. The neurotoxic mechanism in physiological tolerance to acute temperature stress among mussels is not fully resolved. Lack of effective treatment is an obstacle in sampled from populations of 0HGXOLV north and south of Cape Cod. its clinical management. Gill lateral cell (GLC) cilia of &UDVVRVWUHD 7KH\VSHFL¿FDOO\IRFXVRQWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHKLJKFULWLFDOWHP- YLUJLQLFD are controlled by serotonergic-dopaminergic innervations. perature (Hcrit) or Arrhenius break temperature, which is the point Dopamine is cilio-inhibitory; serotonin cilio-excitatory. Acute and where heart activity falls sharply with increasing temperature. The short-term manganese treatments block cilio-inhibitory effects of class results suggest that mussels from southern populations show dopamine. This neurotoxicty of manganese is reversed by p-amin- higher tolerance to acute thermal stress when compared to their osalicylic acid and taurine. Reports suggest the dipeptide carnosine QRUWKHUQFRQVSHFL¿FV:HZLOOGLVFXVVVRPHUDPL¿FDWLRQVRIWKHLU (EHWD-alanyl-L-histidine) is worth investigating as a neuroprotective ¿QGLQJVDQGKRZWKHVHUHVHDUFKDFWLYLWLHVHQKDQFHRXUXQGHUJUDGXDWH agent for manganism. Carnosine has anti-oxidative and chelating curriculum in marine science and further students’ understanding of abilities. To test if carnosine reduces neurotoxic actions of manga- how climate change research is conducted. nese on cilio-inhibitory, acute experiments were conducted testing dopamine dose responses on gills treated with manganese in the presence or absence of carnosine. Cilia of control GLC responded normally to dopamine. Manganese disrupted the dopamine induced cilio-inhibition and carnosine reduced this neurotoxic effect. 6(',0(17 '(1,75,),&$7,21 ,1 2<67(5 +$%,7$76 Short-term experiments also were conducted where & YLUJLQLFD $1' 7+( )8785( 2) &2$67$/ %,2*(2&+(0,&$/ were treated for 2, 3 and 5 days with manganese with or without 6867$,1$%,/,7< carnosine. For each treatment period co-treating with carnosine and 1LFKRODV(5D\1 DQG5RELQVRQ:)XOZHLOHU manganese reduced the neurotoxic effect of manganese alone on the 1Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington cilio-inhibition, similar to sham-treated control animals. The study Mall, Boston, MA 02215 showed carnosine is effective in reducing neurotoxic effects of man- 2Boston University, Department of Earth and Environment, 685 ganese on cilio-inhibition of dopamine in &YLUJLQLFD7KH¿QGLQJV Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 are helpful in furthering the understanding of the neurotoxic mech- [email protected] anism of manganese and provides evidence suggesting carnosine Oysters play a crucial role in regulating biogeochemical cy- needs to be further investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for cles in coastal ecosystems. They drive removal of excess nutrients Manganism. Supported by grants NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- WKURXJKVWLPXODWLRQRIGHQLWUL¿FDWLRQDQGSURPRWHHI¿FLHQWUHF\- K12GM093854-07A1 and 62344-00-50 of PSC-CUNY. cling of nutrients, though possibly at the cost of greenhouse gas (GHG) release. As oyster populations have declined and human populations along coastlines have increased, environmental degradation associated with nutrient loading have increased. In response to these challenges, there is widespread effort to increase oyster ,175$63(&,),& 9$5,$7,21 ,1 72/(5$1&( 72 populations through restoration efforts and development of aqua- $&87(7(03(5$785(675(66,17+(%/8(0866(/ culture. Despite these efforts, the biogeochemical impacts of oyster MYTILUS EDULIS$7($&+,1*02'(/ reefs and aquaculture remain unclear. In this study, a meta-analy- 3DXO'5DZVRQ DQG1LVKDG-D\DVXQGDUD sis approach was used to describe how oysters regulate important University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, 5751 Murray processes across system, species, and study type. Results of the Hall, Orono, ME 04469 meta-analysis are presented in the context of biogeochemical sus- [email protected] WDLQDELOLW\$FURVVDOOV\VWHPVR\VWHUVHQKDQFHVHGLPHQWGHQLWUL¿- Physiological adaptations play a key role in biogeographic pat- cation (Hedge’s J = 0.441 ± 0.162 (p < 0.001)) and drive nitrogen + terning. Understanding how variation in physiological tolerances (NH4 J = 0.605 ± 0.127 (p < 0.001)) and phosphorus recycling (g = structures speciesDO distributions is critical to predicting NOT species shifts S ,WLVXQFOHDUKRZR\VWHUVLQÀXHQFHVHG CITE- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 129

iment GHG production or consumption due to the limited number fered ~10% mortality when challenged with the Australian and the RIVWXGLHV'HQLWUL¿FDWLRQDOVRRFFXUVLQR\VWHUVWKHPVHOYHVDQG )UHQFKYDUVEXWQRPRUWDOLW\ZDVREVHUYHGLQFKDOOHQJHVWRWKH oysters play an important role in recycling nutrients to the water other eastern oyster stock. There was lower mortality in &UDVVRVW- FROXPQ2\VWHUVUHOHDVH*+*VDWVLJQL¿FDQWUDWHVWKRXJKLIR\V- UHD VLNDPHD ZKHQ FKDOOHQJHG ZLWK WKH )UHQFK YDU a DQG ters are being produced for food, this GHG cost is much lower than KLJKHUPRUWDOLW\ZLWKWKH$XVWUDOLDQYDU a $OOR\VWHUVWKDW other animal proteins in terms of kg GHG released per kg protein died had high viral loads as measured by quantitative PCR. The produced. Taken together, these results indicate that restoring oys- oysters that died had, on average, about 1000 times higher viral ter populations will lead to a biogeochemically sustainable future loads than those that survived, although some survivors had high for coastal ecosystems. levels of virus.

',))(5(17,$/ 5(63216( 2) 9$5,286 672&.6 2) $8720$7,1* 2<67(5 $48$&8/785( :,7+ 7+( 7+5(( 2<67(5 63(&,(6 72 (;3(5,0(17$/ &+$/ SUN /(1*(6%<)5(1&+$1'$8675$/,$12675(,'+(5 0DUN5LFH16WHYH3DWWLVRQ25REHUW6XPPHUV2 5HEHNDK%RU 3(69,5869$5,$176 JHUW2 .HYLQ .LHIHU1 &KXFN (QJVWURP1 5LFN 6KHFNHOOV2 DQG .LPEHUO\65HHFH1 &ROOHHQ$%XUJH2 %U\DQGD:LSSHO/LR 0DWW)OHLVKHU2 QHO'pJUHPRQW4$UXQ.'KDU53HWHU.LUNODQG6$ODQQD0DF 1Maritime Applied Physics Corporation, 1850 Frankfurst Ave., ,QW\UH2 %HQMDPLQ 0RUJD4 9LFWRULD$JQHZ2 &ODUD 5RELVRQ1 Baltimore, MD 21226 DQG&DURO\Q6)ULHGPDQ 2EcoLogix Group, Inc., 5 Applewood Ct, Parkton, MD 21120 1Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, William & Mary, P.O. [email protected] Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 Oyster aquaculture is very labor intensive, often growing less 2University of Maryland Baltimore County, Institute of Marine than one million oysters per acre depending on gear types and and Environmental Technology, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD site location. Floating and off-bottom gear is typically positioned 21202 in the near-shore environment or in the upper few feet of the wa- 3University of Washington, School of Aquatic & Fishery Sci- WHUFROXPQOLPLWLQJRYHUDOOJURZWKDQGLQFUHDVLQJFRQÀLFWVZLWK ences, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, 98105 land-owners and other stakeholders. 4Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Station La Tremblade, 17390 La The patent-pending Solar Oyster Production System (SOPS) Tremblade, France has been developed to take advantage of offshore space not used 5The University of Arizona, Aquaculture Pathology Laborato- E\RWKHUV\VWHPV7KH6236VXSSRUWVDVHULHVRIFDJHVLQRYHU¿I- ry, Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, 1117 E Lowell teen feet of water and uses solar power to mechanically rotate each Road, Tucson, AZ 85721 cage through the water column and up to the surface, providing 6Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department desiccation/air exposure and mechanized washing, minimizing la- of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia bor inputs. The mooring system allows location of the SOPS in [email protected] higher-energy environments, with integrated anti-poaching tech- The Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and variants, particularly nology allowing units to be placed further off-shore, potentially WKH PLFURYDULDQWV YDUV DUH YLUXOHQW DQG HFRQRPLFDOO\ GHYDV- PLQLPL]LQJVWDNHKROGHUFRQÀLFW,QV\VWHPVZLWKKLJKDOJDOGHQVLW\ WDWLQJYLUXVHVLPSDFWLQJR\VWHUV6LQFH2V+9YDUVKDYH and moderate energy, the system is estimated to accommodate up spread rapidly having particularly damaging effects on aquaculture to 1 million oysters per culture unit, producing 8.7 million oysters industries in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Injection trials per acre. ZLWK )UHQFK DQG $XVWUDOLDQ YDUV ZHUH GRQH FRPSDULQJ HIIHFWV 7KH QXWULHQW UHPRYDO HI¿FLHQF\ RI R\VWHUV LV ZHOO GRFXPHQW- on mortality and viral loads in three different stocks of the Pacif- ed. State and federal regulatory agencies in the Chesapeake Bay ic oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV, two stocks of the eastern oyster, C. watershed have approved procedures for nitrogen and phosphorus YLUJLQLFD, and a stock of the Kumamoto oyster, &VLNDPHD. Each credits for oysters harvested from aquaculture operations that can ‘exposed’ oyster was injected with 106 virus particles and control be traded on the nutrient credit market. Use of the SOPS for 1 acre R\VWHUV ZHUH LQMHFWHG ZLWK DUWL¿FLDO VHDZDWHU 1R PRUWDOLW\ ZDV of high density oyster aquaculture will remove nutrients equivalent REVHUYHG LQ FRQWURO R\VWHUV 7ZR 3DFL¿F R\VWHU VWRFNV VXIIHUHG to treating stormwater runoff from over 100 acres of impervious PRUWDOLW\ZKHQFKDOOHQJHGZLWKWKHYDUVZKLOHRQHC. surface. Prototype testing is currently ongoing at Chesapeake Bay JLJDV line experienced relatively low mortality when challenged Laboratory, Solomons, MD. ZLWKWKH$XVWUDOLDQYDU a DQGKLJKHUPRUWDOLW\ZKHQFKDO- OHQJHGZLWKWKH)UHQFKYDU a 2QHDO& YLUJLQLFDNOT stock suf- CITE 130 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

%$&7(5,23+$*($1'35('$725<%$&7(5,$$632 ODWLRQRIVSHFL¿FP51$VWRDOWHUWKHDYDLODEOHSURWHRPH7KHFR- 7(17,$/,17(59(17,216$*$,167VIBRIO,16+(// ordination of post-transcriptional events in all cells is mediated by ),6+ RNA-binding proteins (RBP), which form protein-RNA complexes *DU\35LFKDUGV1 DQG0LFKDHO$:DWVRQ2 to regulate central cellular processes as diverse as proliferation, se- 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Ser- nescence, apoptosis, immune activation, and stress responses. This vice, James W.W. Baker Center, Delaware State University, 1200 study focused on a single RBP, Cold Shock Domain Containing N. Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 Protein E1 (CSDE-1), as a model to probe the post-transcriptional 2U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Ser- UROHRI5%3LQPROOXVFVVSHFL¿FDOO\&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD. Tissues vice, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., Building 001 SRRC, New Orleans, isolated from adult American oysters ubiquitously express CSDE- LA 70124 1, with notable enrichment in the immunocompetent hemocyte [email protected] cells. The coordinated regulation of the oyster primary immune 9LEULR bacteria are associated with morbidity and mortality in response facilitated by hemocytes suggests a hierarchical control marine life and humans. Some 9LEULR spp., such as 9FRUDOOLLO\WLFXV of multiple forms of gene transcriptional and translational events, and 9WXELDVKLLNLOOODUYDOVKHOO¿VKLQKDWFKHU\DQGQDWXUDOVHWWLQJV some of which are predicted to be locally orchestrated by CSDE-1 while 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV and 9KDUYH\L are problems in shrimp bound transcripts. Neural network-mediated binding analysis of the aquaculture. Additionally, 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV and 9YXOQL¿FXV in &YLUJLQLFDtranscriptome, with respect to RNA secondary struc- oysters and other seafoods infect humans. ture, predicted hundreds of putative target mRNAs of CSDE-1 reg- This presentation describes the use of naturally occurring bac- ulation known to function in the immune response, ranging from teriophages (phages) and predatory bacteria as potential processing antimicrobial defensins to toll receptors. To test these predictions, LQWHUYHQWLRQVDJDLQVWYLEULRVLQVKHOO¿VK9LEULR predatory bacteria, CSDE-1 expression and localization were characterized after 9LE- namely +DOREDFWHULRYRUD[ species and 3VHXGRDOWHURPRQDVSLVFL- ULRspp. lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation of primary hemo- FLGD, were shown to kill vibrios and other pathogens. +DOREDFWH- cyte cultures. Furthermore, immuno-regulatory mRNA transcripts ULRYRUD[ is an intracellular predator which attacks Gram-negative were found to bind CSDE-1 during LQYLWUR binding assays, impli- bacteria by invading and replicating within the bacteria. Many have cating CSDE-1 as a driver of protein expression changes during host preference for 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV. Another predator, 3SLVFL- immune challenge. FLGD, attacks vibrios by two methods. One is by the direct transfer of surface vesicles from the 3VHXGRDOWHURPRQDV to the surface of the host 9LEULR, where digestive enzymes in the vesicles form holes in the 9LEULR’s cell wall. The other method is through the release of enzymes and other compounds which either inhibit the growth of 7+(5,6(2)63$7,$/,17(//,*(1&()253,21((5 or directly kill competing vibrios and other bacteria. In addition to ,1*$48$&8/785('(9(/230(17 natural predatory bacteria modulating vibrios in the marine envi- .HQQHWK/5LOH\ /LVD&:LFNOLIIH-RQDWKDQ-RVVDUW5RG ronment, phages (bacterial viruses) actively invade and kill 9LEULR QH\*XDMDUGRDQG-DPHV$0RUULV-U spp. NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal This presentation addresses phage therapy for use in hatcheries Ocean Science, Coastal Aquaculture Siting & Sustainability, 101 to combat larval oyster mortalities from 9 FRUDOOLLO\WLFXV and V. Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 WXELDVKLL. It also highlights efforts to develop a processing interven- [email protected] tion to reduce human pathogenic 9LEULRLQPDUNHWVKHOO¿VKXVLQJD Digital mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) has cocktail of phages and predatory bacteria. forever transformed cartography and how maps are used to orga- nize, visualize, and communicate large amounts of information. GIS has also transformed how we think about the coastal ocean and plan for growing the blue economy with industries such as energy, VKLSSLQJWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDTXDFXOWXUH¿VKHULHVDQGVHDEHGPLQLQJ &+$5$&7(5,=$7,21 2) 7+( ,0081(5(*8/$72 Aquaculture stands near the forefront of these industries with high 5<)81&7,212)&6'(,1CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA growth potential for both nearshore and offshore environments. To +(02&<7(6 keep pace with the growth of marine aquaculture, GIS technology $QWKRQ\ ( 5LFLJOLDQR -DPHV & .XOGHOO DQG 0DXUHHQ . and spatial intelligence have become essential for coastal planning, .UDXVH VLWHVHOHFWLRQFRQÀLFWUHVROXWLRQDQGPDSSLQJRIWKHSUHFLVHSODFH- Hofstra University, Department of Biology, 114 Hofstra Uni- ment of aquaculture operations. The NOAA Coastal Aquaculture versity, Hempstead, NY 11549-1140 6LWLQJDQG6XVWDLQDELOLW\3URJUDPKDVPDGHVLJQL¿FDQWLQYHVWPHQWV [email protected] in expertise and GIS technology resources to provide high-quali- Oysters, like all organisms, can respond to environmental ty science-based decision support tools to local, state, and federal stressors by DOregulating the location, availability, NOTand rate of trans- coastal managers. This presentationCITE will explore how NOAA is 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 131

developing and using the largest authoritative data sources to aid 0(&+$1,606 2) ($67(51 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA JURZWKRIWKHDTXDFXOWXUHLQGXVWU\ZKLOHHQVXULQJUHJXODWRU\HI¿- VIRGINICA+(02&<7($323726,6,15(63216(72 ciency and environmental sustainability. Further, the presentation ,1)(&7,21:,7+PERKINSUS MARINUS will explore advanced web-based geospatial tools, like OceanRe- (ULQ 0 5REHUWV1 *DU\ + :LNIRUV2 'LQD $ 3URHVWRX ports and National AquaMapper, which are now publically avail- .DWKU\Q0DUNH\/XQGJUHQ0DU\6XOOLYDQDQG0DUWD*R able a explore and identify ocean neighborhoods compatible with PH]&KLDUUL1 aquaculture development. 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg Rd. Kingston, RI 02882 2NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center Milford Laborato- ry, 212 Rogers Ave. Milford, CT 06460 386'$$561($1&:0$&6KHOO¿VK*HQHWLFV3URJUDP $ 1(: 6+(//),6+ +$7&+(5< 72 ,1&5($6( 352 Flagg Rd. Kingston, RI 02882 '8&7,21)257+(/21*,6/$1'6+(//),6+5(672 [email protected] 5$7,21352-(&7 /,653 ,11(:<25.67$7( Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, of hemocytes may be a *UHJJ5LYDUD critical step in oyster immune defense against 3HUNLQVXVPDULQXV Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, 3690 Cedar infection in the eastern oyster. Increased hemocyte apoptosis may Beach Road, Southold, NY 11971 prevent or reduce 3 PDULQXV replication in infected individuals. [email protected] The precise apoptotic pathway and molecules involved in response In 1991, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County to intracellular infection with 3 PDULQXV are poorly understood. (CCE) founded a municipal hatchery on eastern Long Island that To investigate which apoptotic pathways are involved in hemocyte KDVJURZQVKHOO¿VKVHHGIRUDQXPEHURIWRZQVKLSVRQ/RQJ,V- response to 3PDULQXV, eastern oysters bred for high survival in the land, as well as producing seed of various species for applied re- Chesapeake Bay were challenged LQYLYR with 3PDULQXV Hemo- search projects. In 2017, New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo cyte apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activation, and lysosomal permeabiliza- DQQRXQFHGDPLOOLRQHIIRUWWKH/RQJ,VODQG6KHOO¿VK5HV- WLRQZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHGGD\VSRVWLQIHFWLRQXVLQJÀRZF\WRPHWU\ toration Project (LISRP)- to improve Long Island’s water quality *UDQXODUKHPRF\WHDSRSWRVLVVLJQL¿FDQWO\GHFUHDVHGLQFKDOOHQJHG and bolster the economies and resiliency of coastal communities oysters, indicating possible inhibition by the parasite. Caspase 3/7 E\UHVWRULQJQDWLYHVKHOO¿VKSRSXODWLRQVWRFRDVWDOZDWHUV7DVNHG DFWLYDWLRQ DQG O\VRVRPDO SHUPHDELOL]DWLRQ ZHUH QRW VLJQL¿FDQWO\ with growing tens of millions of oysters and northern quahogs (= affected by 3PDULQXV challenge, indicating likely involvement of a hard clams) for this effort over two years CCE built a state-of-the- caspase-independent pathway in hemocyte response. Gene expres- DUW KDWFKHU\ ÀRDWLQJ XSZHOOHU V\VWHPV DQG DQ R\VWHU VHWWLQJ sion analysis also revealed increased expression of mitochondrial system for spat-on-shell production with a budget of $5.25 mil- pathway molecules. To investigate direct functional involvement lion from New York State. In 2018-19 CCE produced a total of of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, oyster hemocytes were 50 million quahogs and spat-on-shell oysters for the LISRP which challenged LQYLWUR with 3PDULQXV at four multiplicities of infec- were planted at four sanctuaries in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. tion (3PDULQXV to hemocyte 1:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 25:1). The levels The presentation will discuss how production was scaled up for of apoptosis and mitochondrial permeabilization, a marker of the this project and what was required in terms of personnel, equip- mitochondrial pathway, were measured one-hour post-challenge ment, phytoplankton, seawater and shell handling as well as plans XVLQJÀRZF\WRPHWU\5HVXOWVZLOOLQIRUPIXWXUHH[SHULPHQWVLQ- for 2020 and beyond. hibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis following Dermo challenge. Understanding apoptotic pathways involved in Dermo disease response may aid in targeting genes for breeding for disease resistance.

DO NOT CITE 132 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

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quality control and subsequently analyzed to delineate population 6+5,03 (1'2*(1286 9,5$/ (/(0(176 (9( 2) structure and quantify levels of genetic divergence among popula- ,1)(&7,286 +<32'(50$/ $1' +(0$7232,(7,& tions. Data provides evidence of several genetically distinct popu- 1(&526,69,586 ,++19 $1'7+(,5,03/,&$7,216 lations with more structure than previously recognized. Data will )256+5,03',$*126,6 be used to identify a subset of SNP markers capable of geographic 9DQYLPRQ 6DNVPHUSURPH 6DURFKD -LWUDNRUQ 1DURQJ discrimination and population assignment, and these will be tested $UXQUXW1:DQVLND.LDWSDWKRPFKDL1DQG7LPRWK\:)OHJHO RQZLOGDQGKDWFKHU\TXDKRJVWRFRQ¿UPWKHLUXWLOLW\7KHYDOLGDWHG 1National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnolo- loci will be available as an assay panel that is tailored to address gy (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development industry needs, such as tracking hatchery lines, monitoring genet- Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., ic variation, and differentiating among wild and hatchery quahogs Klong Neung, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand and among hatchery lines. 2Centex Shrimp Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand [email protected] Integration of non-retroviral fragments into animal genomes has been found for a few decades as a result of infection and com- /,1.,1* /$59$/ $1' -89(1,/( 3(5)250$1&( pletion of their life cycles. To date, “endogenous viral elements” ,1 7+( %,9$/9( MERCENARIA MERCENARIA :+(1 (EVE) of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus '2(67+(-89(1,/((19,5210(170$77(5" (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been found $OOLVRQ5XJLOD1 &KULV*REOHU2$O\VRQ/RZHOO2%UDGOH\3HWHU in penaeid shrimp. For practical diagnostic approach, it necessitat- VRQ2DQG5REHUW7KDFNHU1 ed a change in the routine method to distinguish between infected 1Stony Brook University, Department of Ecology and Evolu- shrimp and EVE-containing samples. In the case of IHHNV, infect- tion, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794 ed shrimp species have been developing resistance to the virus, thus 2Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric it is a challenge to separate shrimp carrying both infectious form of Sciences, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794 virus and EVE from those that are infected only (i.e. the former and [email protected] latter would be recognized by conventional PCR testing). Discard Larval stages of bivalves are particularly vulnerable to mul- of domesticated shrimp breeding stocks based on such false posi- WLSOH VWUHVVRUV ZLWK WKHUPDO GLVVROYHG R[\JHQ DQG DFLGL¿FDWLRQ tive results might have negative consequences, if such inserts are stress reducing larval survival, lipid storage, growth, and size at related to shrimp viral disease tolerance according to “viral accom- settlement. Few studies have assessed cumulative effects of larval modation hypothesis.” It is thus necessary to improve accuracy in exposure to stressors on juvenile performance, or the environmen- diagnosis of IHHNV infection. For example, multiplex PCR anal- WDOFRQWH[WLQZKLFKGH¿FLWVLQMXYHQLOHJURZWKSHUVLVW7KLVVWXG\ ysis is developed to amplify the entire IHHNV genome, ensuring LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHHIIHFWRIODUYDOH[SRVXUHWRWKHUPDO Û&Û& the accurate diagnosis, and the technique must be convenient for and pH (7.4, 8) stress on early juvenile growth and survivorship in practical application. More recently, isothermal nucleic acid ampli- the northern quahog, 0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD. Larvae were reared ¿FDWLRQWHFKQLTXHVVXFKDVORRSPHGLDWHGLVRWKHUPDODPSOL¿FDWLRQ under four (constant pH x temperature) treatments through meta- (LAMP) comprises primers targeting OIE-recommended region morphosis, followed by a two-month common garden at ambient and the 3’end of the viral genome that has been reported to be less ÀRZWKURXJKFRQGLWLRQV-XYHQLOHVIURPHDFKODUYDOWUHDWPHQWZHUH occurrence of EVE in the shrimp genome. VXEVHTXHQWO\RXWSODQWHGLQDFURVVIDFWRULDOGHVLJQDWWZR¿HOGVLWHV and two habitat types, characterized by differences in organic matter and seagrass coverage. Preliminary data suggest that 0PHUFH- QDULDjuveniles exposed to thermal stress as larvae had increased survivorship in a thermally variable common garden, while larval 38%/,&35(6(17$7,216$1'7+(,5,1)/8(1&(21 pH stress and naivety to thermal stress reduced juvenile growth. $48$&8/785(23,1,216 ,QWKH¿HOGMXYHQLOHSHUIRUPDQFHPD\EHLQÀXHQFHGE\ODUYDOH[- -RKQ6FDUSD SRVXUHLQLWLDOMXYHQLOHVL]HDQGKDELWDWVSHFL¿FGLIIHUHQFHV7KLV Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Department of Life study will evaluate if seagrass can serve as a refuge to juvenile M. Sciences, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 PHUFHQDULD, and whether lasting effects from larval exposure can [email protected] be ameliorated at the juvenile stage by occupying these habitats. 2YHU WKH SDVW ¿YH \HDUV WKHUH KDV EHHQ DQ HIIRUW WR HVWDEOLVK oyster mariculture in Texas. Therefore, a project was conducted WRLGHQWLI\SRWHQWLDOXVHUFRQÀLFWVIRURIIERWWRPR\VWHUFXOWXUHLQ 7H[DVDQGSRWHQWLDOVROXWLRQVIRUWKHVHFRQÀLFWVWKURXJKPHHWLQJV DO NOTwith the general public of coastalCITE Texas. Eight public meetings 134 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

ZHUHKHOGLQ¿YHFRDVWDOFRXQWLHV$WHDFKPHHWLQJDZULWWHQVXUYH\ 2020. The goal is to have regulatory policy in place by September was used to collect demographic data and opinions regarding gen- 2020 for initiation of an oyster mariculture industry in Texas. eral aquaculture and bivalve aquaculture. A presentation on bivalve DTXDFXOWXUHZKLFKLQFOXGHGSRWHQWLDOFRQÀLFWVZDVJLYHQWKDWZDV followed by a question period and continuation of the survey. The post-presentation survey was used to determine if opinions regarding general aquaculture and bivalve aquaculture changed. +$7&+(5,(6'21¶7+$9(72%(&203/,&$7(''( Meeting size ranged from 5 to 51 individuals as determined by 9(/230(17)251(:63(&,(6 those that returned surveys; total number of surveys obtained was -RKQ6FDUSD1 DQG/HVOLH6WXUPHU2 0RVW LGHQWL¿HGDV7H[DVUHVLGHQWVEHLQJDKRPHRZQ- 1Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Department of Life er (72.5%), and living within a mile of the coast (58.4%). Before Sciences, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 the presentation a majority (65.1%) had a positive opinion of aqua- 2University of Florida/IFAS, Extension, Senator Kirkpatrick culture in general and a positive opinion of bivalve aquaculture Marine Lab, 11350 SW 153rd Court, Cedar Key, FL 32625 (62.6%) as compared to a negative opinion of aquaculture (3.8%) [email protected] or bivalve aquaculture (2.5%). After the presentation, the propor- The world continues to depend on aquacultured organisms for tion of respondents indicating a positive opinion of aquaculture food, which has led to an increase in the number of different aqua- rose to 89.8% and to 89.3% for bivalve aquaculture. The proportion FXOWXUHGVSHFLHV7KLVQDWXUDOGLYHUVL¿FDWLRQLVHYLGHQWIRUELYDOYH of respondents still indicating a negative opinion to aquaculture de- molluscs as well, which requires a never-ending process for devel- creased slightly to 3.3%, whereas it decreased to 0.9% for bivalve RSPHQWDQGUH¿QHPHQWRISRWHQWLDOO\XQLTXHKDWFKHU\WHFKQLTXHV aquaculture. Public presentations regarding aquaculture and open (i.e., conditioning, spawning, and rearing of the resultant larvae GLVFXVVLRQV LPPHGLDWHO\ IROORZLQJ WKHVH SUHVHQWDWLRQV LQÀXHQFH through settlement and early juvenile stage). Although there are short-term opinions. a number of different marine bivalve species being aquacultured, there are many similarities in their physiology, reproduction, and larval development that allows a hatchery to be produce more than one species without excess specialization for equipment. A major difference noted is usually at settlement, especially if larvae pro- 7(;$62<67(50$5,&8/785(029,1*)25:$5' GXFHDE\VVXVRUQHHGDVSHFL¿FVXEVWUDWH$IHZPDMRUDQGPLQRU -RKQ6FDUSD DQG-RH)R[ species will be discussed in relation to their similarities and differ- Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Department of Life ences for hatchery design and process. Sciences, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 [email protected] Approximately three years ago, discussions with Texas state DJHQF\QRQSUR¿WRUJDQL]DWLRQDQGR\VWHULQGXVWU\SHUVRQQHOQRW- ed that a state regulatory framework for oyster mariculture did not (&26<67(06(59,&(62)5(6725('2<67(55(()6 exist. This past year, the 86th Legislature of Texas passed House (1+$1&('0$&52)$81$'(16,7,(6$1'),6+)25 Bill 1300 (HB1300) and Senate Bill 682 (SB682) that gave Texas AGING Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) and TPW Commission the 5RFKHOOH 6HLW]1 0HOLVVD .DUS2 0DU\ )DEUL]LR1 DQG %UXFH authority and requirement to establish a program governing “cul- 3¿UUPDQQ tivated oyster mariculture” by September 2020. Since passage of 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box the legislation, TPWD established a state task force with members 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 ranging from regulatory to industry-interested to initiate the process 21DWLRQDO2FHDQLFDQG$WPRVSKHULF$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ2I¿FHRI of developing regulations and a process. A local (Coastal Bend) Science and Technology, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, WDVNIRUFHDQGDQLQGXVWU\JURXS 0LG&RDVW6KHOO¿VK*URZHUV$V- MD 20910 sociation) were also formed, which have met with the state task 3University of South Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Laboratory, force for initial reviews and comments of the forming proposal. PO Box 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442 7KHPDMRUSRLQWVQHHGLQJFODUL¿FDWLRQDUHWKHSURFHVVIRUREWDLQLQJ [email protected] OHDVHV ERWWRPDQGZDWHUFROXPQELGGLQJRUÀDWIHH VLWHVHOHF- Understanding the role of restored reefs in marine ecosystems tion (state designated and individual nominated), minimum size for and determining factors that affect how species utilize them are VDOH ´KHLJKWDVIRUZLOG¿VKHU\RUGLIIHUHQW XVHRISRO\SORLGV critical for restoring ecosystem services of oyster reefs. Two stud- DQG VWRFN LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ ED\ VSHFL¿F JHQHWLFV DQG ZLOG RU PDUL- ies were conducted, one to determine use of subtidal reefs by ben- cultured). Public scoping sessions for presenting a proposal and WKLFPDFURIDXQDDQGRQHWRH[DPLQHXVHE\¿VKHV7RGHWHUPLQH receiving public input will be conducted before a formal proposal is use of reefs by macrofauna, benthic settlement trays were embed- VXEPLWWHGWRWKH7:3&RPPLVVLRQIRUDGRSWLRQLQWKH¿UVWKDOIRIDO NOTded into restored reefs of varyingCITE complexity and environmental 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 135

characteristics in different rivers in lower Chesapeake Bay. After ~10% shoreline development. Also, sigmoidal curves for 0HQLGLD seven weeks, trays were retrieved to determine benthic diversity, sp., anchovies, menhaden, and hogchoker versus shoreline devel- GHQVLW\DQGELRPDVV7RGHWHUPLQH¿VKXVHRIUHHIVIRUDJLQJRI opment each had improved R2 values compared to linear a relation- PRELOHHVWXDULQH¿VKHVLQWKH/\QQKDYHQ5LYHU6\VWHP /56 9$ ship. The threshold levels of shoreline development for the latter was determined using gill nets. Abundance, mean length, stomach four species were each different, with a range in the threshold of 10 IXOOQHVV GLHW FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG GDLO\ FRQVXPSWLRQ UDWH RI ¿VKHV to 30%. For new data sets, upland use and shoreline development collected from restored oyster reefs and unstructured bottom were affected juvenile crab abundance. Juvenile crabs showed a gradual FRPSDUHG7KHYROXPHRIOLYHR\VWHUVZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\DQGSRV- decline with increasing shoreline development (i.e., no threshold), itively related to total macrofaunal biomass and density, as well and shallow sites from the blue crab winter dredge survey did not DV¿VKSRO\FKDHWHPXGFUDEDQGPXVVHOGHQVLWLHV)LVKFROOHFWHG show a clear trend with shoreline hardening. Development and up- IURPUHHIVLQWKH/56ZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\ODUJHUWKDQWKRVHFROOHFWHG land-use decisions should consider the negative effects imposed on on unstructured bottom. For silver perch, the consumption rate of forage species. ¿VKIRUDJLQJLQUHHIKDELWDWZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQWKDWRI those foraging in unstructured bottom. Utilization of restored subtidal reefs by macrofauna will be enhanced with increased habitat FRPSOH[LW\DQGUHVWRUHGUHHIVLQÀXHQFHWKHVL]HGLVWULEXWLRQDQG IRUDJLQJSDWWHUQVRIPRELOHHVWXDULQH¿VKHV Reef-associated mac- (9$/8$7,1*7+(,03$&762)&200(5&,$/6&$/( rofaunal prey enhanced by oyster reef restoration may be particu- )/2$7,1* 2<67(5 $48$&8/785( 21 $ ZOSTERA ODUO\EHQH¿FLDOIRU¿VKVSHFLHVDQGVL]HFODVVHVWKDWIRUDJHRQUHHIV MARINA ((/*5$66 %(' ,1 &+(6$3($.( %$<9,5 *,1,$86$ (ULQ6KLHOGV /LVD.HOORJJDQG-HQQLIHU'UH\HU Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 7+5(6+2/'())(&762)6+25(/,1($/7(5$7,216 [email protected] )25%/8(&5$%6$1')25$*(),6+,1&+(6$3($.( Bivalve aquaculture has increased rapidly in recent years in %$<86$ order to keep pace with consumer demand. Most economically 5RFKHOOH 6HLW]1 5RP /LSFLXV1 *DEULHOOH 6DOXWD1 0DWW .RU viable locations for aquaculture operations are in shallow-water QLV2'HQLVH%UHLWEXUJ7RP-RUGDQDQG'RQ:HOOHU estuarine environments, areas that frequently support the growth 1Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, PO Box of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). SAV provide a variety of 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 valuable ecosystem services, so state and federal regulators take 2US Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife a precautionary approach with leases or permits for aquaculture &RQVHUYDWLRQ2I¿FH6FRWW7RZHU'ULYH1HZ)UDQNOLQ:, operations in or over SAV beds. In the Chesapeake Bay, Virgin- 54229 ia, recent expansions in both SAV and oyster aquaculture require 3Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees greater understanding of the impacts, positive and/or negative, of Wharf Road. Edgewater, MD 21037 DTXDFXOWXUH RSHUDWLRQV RQ 6$9 KHDOWK DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ7KH ¿UVW [email protected] year of sampling for a multi-year project evaluating the effects of Anthropogenic stressors can impact economically and ecolog- FRPPHUFLDOVFDOHÀRDWLQJR\VWHUDTXDFXOWXUHRQD=RVWHUDPDULQD ically important species, particularly in nearshore habitats. The (eelgrass) bed was completed in 2019. A “beyond BACI” design consequences of shoreline development on blue crabs and forage was used, sampling before and twice after the establishment of ¿VK WKURXJKRXW &KHVDSHDNH %D\ ZHUH DQDO\]HG 'DWD IURP I\NH the farm, as well as within 3 nearby control sites. Measurements and seine net surveys compiled for a meta-analysis were re-exam- reported here focus on eelgrass health (biomass, density, percent ined and new data on blue crab abundances from shallow-water cover), epifaunal community structure, and sediment characteris- sampling and the baywide winter dredge survey were examined. tics (nutrients and organic content). Preliminary analyses show no $ JUDSKLFDO DSSURDFK XVLQJ YDULRXV QRQOLQHDU FXUYHV ¿W WR WKH effect of the aquaculture farm on any eelgrass metrics throughout data (e.g., sigmoidal, piece-wise regression) was used to exam- the sampling period (June-October), however large-scale declines LQHSDWWHUQVLQIRUDJH¿VKDQGFUDEDEXQGDQFHVLQFRPSDULVRQWR of eelgrass throughout Chesapeake Bay from 2018-2019, including shoreline development. It was determined whether sigmoidal or within the study site, may have masked any potential differences. step-wise curves showed improvement upon linear trends. Piece- Results from this ongoing project will be used to develop approach- wise regression curves for crabs, spot, and croaker versus shoreline es to reduce any observed negative impacts, and will be dissem- development each showed improved R2 values compared to a linear inated to industry, resource managers, and the public to support relationship (with Crab R2 = 0.16, Spot R2 = 0.29, and Croaker R2 environmentally responsible co-use of these critical habitats = 0.29). TheseDO three curves showed a breakpoint (i.e.,NOT threshold) at CITE 136 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

$ ),6+¶6(<(9,(: 6+(//),6+ )$506 $6 0$5,1( ically, snails at the edge of the marsh are more likely to be preyed +$%,7$7,11(:-(56(< upon than snails in the interior, where predation is equally likely. If -HQQ\36KLQQ DQG'DSKQH00XQURH blue crabs have restricted access to the marsh interior, only a subset 5XWJHUV7KH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ-HUVH\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK of the periwinkle population may be available to them. Second, the Research Laboratory, 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 &VDSLGXV diet will be characterized using a combination of tradi- [email protected] tional biomass and novel genetic barcoding techniques. Stomach 6KHOO¿VK JURZHUV URXWLQHO\ REVHUYH ¿VK DQG LQYHUWHEUDWHV LQ- FRQWHQWVZLOOEHLGHQWL¿HGDQGUDQNHGXVLQJDQ,QGH[RI5HODWLYH teracting with their aquaculture gear. To quantitatively assess these Importance (IRI) to determine the prevalence of /LUURUDWD. Thor- observed interactions, point-of-view (GoPro) cameras were used ough investigation of these interspecies interactions is critical to WRGRFXPHQW¿VKDFWLYLW\LQDQGDURXQGR\VWHUFDJHVÀRDWLQJEDJV understanding how the salt marsh functions as an ecosystem. and a natural marsh habitat on an oyster farm in the Little Egg Har- bor region of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey in 2018. At least 21 species from four phyla were observed across all days and sites; phyla included Chordata, Arthropoda (sub: Crustacea), Mollusca, and Ctenophora. Nekton abundance was determined using MaxN, de- $33/<,1* *(1(7,& *52836 72 7+( $1$/<6,6 2) ¿QHGDVPD[LPXPQXPEHURILQGLYLGXDOVRIDJLYHQVSHFLHVSUHVHQW 75$,76 ,1 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ,03529(6 285 within each 1-minute segment of video. Species of both ecological 81'(567$1',1*2),1+(5,7$1&( and economic importance in the local ecosystem utilized the farm -HVVLFD0RVV6PDOO1 3HWHU.XEH2DQG6WDQGLVK.$OOHQ-U1 gear as habitat. MaxN values varied across seasons and habitat 1Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center (ABC), type. Most frequently, juveniles of a given species were observed, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1370 Greate Road, Gloucester suggesting that the oyster farm may support and enhance the natu- Point, VA 23062 ral nursery function of the marshes. This collaborative work is part 2CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas- of an ongoing effort underway in Long Island Sound by the NOAA mania 7001 0LOIRUG/DEDQGLVD¿UVWVWHSWRZDUGVDFRPSUHKHQVLYHUHJLRQDO [email protected] QHWZRUNFKDUDFWHUL]LQJDQGHYDOXDWLQJ¿VKKDELWDWSURYLVLRQLQJRQ The Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology (ABC) at off-bottom oyster farms. the Virginia Institute of Marine Science has been operating a breeding program for the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, since the early 2000s. What started as solely a mass-selection program aiming to create fast growing-disease resistant brood stock for the oyster industry, has in recent years, evolved into a family-based breed- $66(66,1*7+(52/(2)%/8(&5$%35('$7,21,1 ing program with the ability to more precisely breed for traits of '5,9,1*723'2:15(*8/$7,212)$6$/70$56+ interest. Such traits include not only survival and growth, but also 7523+,&&$6&$'( economically-important traits such as meat yield and shell shape. $PDQGD36PDOO DQG(ULF*-RKQVRQ Understanding the way in which the various traits are inherited is University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF vital to maximizing genetic gains. Calculations of heritabilities of Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224 traits have, in the past, been based on the progeny test data that has [email protected] been collected since 2004, and though very robust, did not account A trophic cascade is an interspecies interaction where a change for the genetic differences in the many founder populations that in the abundance or behavior of one trophic level has direct and ZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKH¿UVWIHZ\HDUV$VVXFKHVWLPDWHGEUHHG- indirect impacts on the others. In the salt marsh ecosystem, the blue ing values and subsequently, genetic gains, have been calculated crab (&DOOLQHFWHV VDSLGXV) facilitates smooth cordgrass (6SDUWLQD without truly benchmarking the families against “starting” popu- DOWHUQLÀRUD) growth through its predation on the periwinkle snail lations. In 2017, all founder groups in our family stocks were sur- (/LWWRUDULDLUURUDWD 7KLVSURMHFWDLPVWRFRQ¿UPWKHFDVFDGHXV- veyed and assigned them to genetic groups where appropriate. The ing a set of recently proposed criteria and assess the role of the effect of adding genetic groups, benchmarking our families and the blue crab as a top-down predator. First, the predation pressure of C. effect of this change on calculating EBV will be discussed. An VDSLGXV on /LUURUDWD was tested with tethering. Periwinkle snails update on the heritabilities for &YLUJLQLFD traits and a discussion were attached to tethers and placed at varying distances (0m, 1m, of how ABC is now providing brood stock lines from our family 3m, 5m) from the marsh edge. After 24 hours, the tethers were program to the industry will be provided. checked to determine snail mortality rates and the variety of predation techniques. Preliminary results suggest that the number of present and absent snails changed with elevation (p=0.002). Specif- DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 137

%5($.7+528*+2)$/*$/72;,16,1726+(//),6+ $183'$7(&21&(51,1*7+(21*2,1*5(6($5&+ +$7&+(5,(61(:/,1(62)5(6($5&+$5(1((' $1' 2&&855(1&( 2) 1(23/$6,$ $1' 43; ,1 ('726833257352'8&7,21 1257+(51 48$+2*6 +$5' &/$06 2) 0$66$ -XOLHWWH/6PLWK 5\DQ%&DUQHJLH.LPEHUO\65HHFH.DU &+86(776,1 HQ+XGVRQ0DUWD36DQGHUVRQDQG0LFKHOOH2QRIULR 56PRORZLW] 1$*RXUOD\1-5HLWVPD2DQG'0XUSK\2 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Department of Aquatic 1Roger Williams University, 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI Health Sciences, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester 02809 Point, VA 23602 2Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, 3195 Main St., Barnstable, [email protected] MA 02630 ,QWKHFDUHIXOO\FRQWUROOHGVHWWLQJVRIVKHOO¿VKKDWFKHULHVZD- [email protected] WHULVW\SLFDOO\WUHDWHGE\VRPHFRPELQDWLRQRI¿OWUDWLRQDQGXO- Hematopoietic Neoplasia (HN) has plagued northern quahog (= WUDYLROHWUDGLDWLRQWRUHGXFHLPSDFWVIURPVKHOO¿VKSDWKRJHQV,Q hard clam) (0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD FXOWXULVWVLQ:HOOÀHHW0DVVD- UHFHQW\HDUVKRZHYHUKDWFKHULHVKDYHVWUXJJOHGWRPRYHVKHOO¿VK FKXVHWWV 0$ IRUVHYHUDO\HDUV,WKDVFDXVHGVLJQL¿FDQWPRUWDOLW\ through the hatchery phase, slowing industry growth and cutting appears to be a contagious disease and is very similar to a disease in LQWRSUR¿WV+DUPIXODOJDOEORRPV +$% KDYHUHFHLYHGSURPLQHQW 0\DDUHQDULD. The origin of the tumorous disease in 0PHUFHQDU- attention as a possible cause. New data suggest toxins produced iaDSSHDUVWREHLQ:HOOÀHHW0$EXWLWKDVUHFHQWO\EHHQGHWHFWHG by HAB are more persistent in the environment than originally histologically in quahogs in other locations. Research indicates expected, with dissolved toxins remaining long after blooms have that HN is spread directly between quahogs. Additionally, a second terminated. It is far from clear, however, if these dissolved toxins tumor-like condition of neural tissue was noted in quahog samples or HAB cells breakthrough into hatcheries or if cells proliferate in MA during the 2019 annual quahog survey. QPX, a cause of post-treatment. VLJQL¿FDQWPRUWDOLW\LQWKHSDVWKDVGHFUHDVHGLQSUHYDOHQFHDQG To begin investigations into algal toxins as a possible contrib- severity in the last few years. But, with the resurgence in quahog XWLQJLPSHGLPHQWWRVKHOO¿VKSURGXFWLRQZDWHUIURP¿YHFRPPHU- aquaculture, QPX may increase in prevalence again. Information FLDOKDWFKHULHVZDVVDPSOHGSRVWWUHDWPHQWIRUWR[LQTXDQWL¿FDWLRQ concerning the occurrence of HN, QPX and other diseases and re- by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry sults of recent research concerning HN will be presented. (LC-MS/MS) and HAB cell enumeration. Overall, seven toxins likely produced by six different HAB species were detected within KDWFKHULHVSRVWWUHDWPHQWGHVSLWHDODFNRILGHQWL¿DEOH+$%FHOOV within the facility during that period. This suggests that hatchery production may be continuously challenged with low-level chron- 86,1* 6+(// 685)$&( $5($ 72 ,1)250 6867$,1 ic exposure to multiple dissolved toxins, instead of by the more $%/(),6+,1*35$&7,&(62)7+(($67(512<67(5 typical single-species, episodic bloom events (i.e., high particulate ,17+(35(6(1&(2)',6($6( toxins) experienced by market-size product outside the hatcheries. /DXUD 6ROLQJHU1 (ULF 3RZHOO1 .DWK\ $OFR[2 7RP 6RQLDW To determine if this toxin breakthrough could be contributing to re- .DWKOHHQ+HPHRQ1/HDQQH3RXVVDUG1DQG6DUD3DFH1 duced hatchery production, studies are needed to determine if these 1University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Coastal WR[LQVFRQFHQWUDWLRQVDQGFRH[SRVXUHVDUHUHOHYDQWWRVKHOO¿VK Sciences, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Drive, health, both alone and in the context of other potential stressors Ocean Springs, MS 39564 within hatcheries. 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ 08349 3University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Scienc- es, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148 [email protected] Populations of the eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD) KDYHH[SHULHQFHGGUDPDWLFGHFOLQHVIURPRYHU¿VKLQJDQGGLVHDVH throughout its US range. Part of this is due to a unique charac- teristic of oysters as the contribution of their carbonate shell is necessary to build and sustain the oyster bed for future recruit- PHQW7KHUHIRUH¿VKLQJFDQSRWHQWLDOO\REVWUXFWIXWXUHSRSXODWLRQ growth by removing both individuals from the spawning stock and the associated shell. This is further exacerbated by increases in adult mortality from two widespread diseases, MSX and Dermo. DO NOT CITE 138 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

7KH¿UVWREMHFWLYHRIWKLVZRUNZDVWRDGDSWWKHFODVVLFVWRFNUH- reef interstices, reproduce, grow to a large size and die in place. cruitment model to create a shell area-recruit (SA-R) relationship Harvests on high-quality reefs beyond that which maintains reef where the number of annual recruits is dependent on available shell cultch, and recruitment failure can cause a shift from a positive to surface area rather than spawning biomass. Survey data from four negative feedback loop. Likewise, eliminating harvests and plant- regions of the Delaware Bay oyster population were used to gener- ing cultch on poor-quality reefs, together with successful recruit- ate annual estimates of shell surface area for live oysters, boxes and ment, promotes a shift from a negative to a positive state. cultch between 1953 and 2017. The estimated number of recruits from this data was then used to parameterize a Beverton-Holt-like SA-R relationship. This relationship was then incorporated into WKHVHFRQGREMHFWLYHWRHVWLPDWHWKHRSWLPDO¿VKLQJPRUWDOLW\WKDW would produce sustainable levels of shell area with and without ,1'(37+ ,19(67,*$7,21 ,172 3$7+23+<6,2/2 disease mortality. A population dynamics model incorporating shell *<2)7+(*870(7$*(120($1'+2675(63216( accumulation and dissolution was built and conditioned on two pe- 72 VP$+31' ,1 0$'$*$6&$5±0$/$<6,$ &5266%5(' riods of time in the Delaware Bay that represented years with and %/$&.7,*(56+5,03PENAEUS MONODON&2+257 without disease mortality. These examinations suggested that in the 672&.6 SUHVHQFHRIGLVHDVH¿VKLQJPRUWDOLW\PXVWEH WRVXVWDLQWKH 7]H&KLHZ&KULVWLH6RR1 DQG6XEKD%KDVVX shell necessary for recruitment to the population. 1University of Malaya, Department of Genetics and Molecu- lar Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2University of Malaya, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation $33/<,1*6+(//%8'*(702'(/,1*72'(&/,1,1* Complex, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2<67(53238/$7,2162)7+(1257+(51*8/)2) [email protected] 0(;,&2 A recently emerged lethal shrimp bacterial infection known 7KRPDV 0 6RQLDW (ULF 1 3RZHOO 1DWKDQ &RRSHU2 DQG as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) has led 5LVKDY5DMHUGUD2 to massive farmed shrimp mortalities including the black tiger 1University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Scienc- shrimp, 3HQDHXVPRQRGRQ. This disease is mainly caused by 9LE- es, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148 ULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV AHPND strain (VpAHPND) bacteria. During 2 University of New Orleans, Gulf States Center for Environ- VpAHPND infection, an intriguing matter would be the possibility of mental Informatics, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA synergistic co-infection or secondary infection of other bacterial

70148 species during VpAHPND infection and colonization in the shrimp gut. 3University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Lab- The biochemical changes of shrimp hepatopancreas during differ- oratory, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 ent stages of toxin damage or site colonization by VpAHPND is also [email protected] vital for understanding the host-pathogen interaction. The present Since circa 2000, harvests of oysters on public reefs of U.S. study aims to provide an insight into the alterations of 3PRQRGRQ Gulf States have been in decline. To address the decline, a shell gut metagenome and hepatopancreas biochemical activity when budget model for the estimation of sustainable harvests of oysters, challenged with VpAHPND. 16S metagenomic analysis was conduct- management of cultch and restoration of reefs is being applied ed for both control and infected gut samples. Different bacterial di- across the northern Gulf of Mexico. Oyster density and size, and versity was determined between the control and infected samples. cultch density are provided from surveys by State agencies. The Pathogenic bacterial species potentially involved in co-infection or model simulates oyster growth and mortality, and cultch loss. Reef secondary infection together with VpAHPNDZHUHLGHQWL¿HG)XUWKHU shell mass is increased when oysters die in place and diminished LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIVKULPSJXWEDFWHULDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVDQWLELRWLF ZKHQR\VWHUVDUHUHPRYHGE\¿VKLQJ+DUYHVWLVHVWLPDWHGDVVDFNV resistance assists in understanding host-associated and environ- of live oysters that can be removed without diminishing reef quality PHQWVSHFL¿F PLFURELDO FRPPXQLWLHV LQÀXHQFHG E\ 3 PRQRGRQ (i.e., reef cultch mass), or when a desired cultch mass is achieved. farming. Biochemical tests including Phenoloxidase (PO) Test, Model heuristics focus discovery of negative and positive feed- Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Test, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Test backs. A negative feedback loop is setup on poor-quality reefs. were conducted using challenged shrimp hepatopancreas samples. Lack of cultch and a paucity of live oysters diminish recruitment 6WDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWELRFKHPLFDODFWLYLW\LQFUHPHQWVZHUHRE- and shell replenishment. In the absence of recruitment, natural shell served across different post-AHPND infection time points espe- loss ultimately drives the reef to extinction. A positive feedback cially in the middle time points (12 and 24 hours post-infection). loop is setup on reefs with adequate cultch and an abundance of In conclusion, besides the observation of empty gut, the underlying oysters. ThereDO oysters set, survive critical early stagesNOT in boxes and CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 139

3PRQRGRQ gut metagenome and host biochemical response were ,1)/8(1&( 2) *(127<3( 21 '1$ 0(7+

DO NOT CITE 140 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

+2: '2(6 <285 2<67(5 */2:" '(9(/23,1* $ ,17(5,1',9,'8$/ 9$5,$%,/7< 2) )((',1* 5$7(6 129(/2<67(50$5.,1*722/$1'5(68/76)520 $1' )((',1*',*(67,9( )(('%$&.6 ,1 MYTILUS $5(/$7('',5(&76(77,1*(;3(5,0(17 EDULIS -DVRQ ( 6SLUHV1 6WHSKDQLH 5 :HVWE\2 &HFLO\ 1 6WHSSH /DXUD 6WHHYHV1 7RUH 6WURKPHLHU2 5DPyQ )LOJXHLUD DQG -DPHV'XPKDUW4DQG6LHUUD+LOGHEUDQGW4 LYLQG6WUDQG2 ¹NOAA National Ocean Service, 904 S. Morris St. Oxford, MD, 1Dalhousie University, Department of Biology, 1355 Oxford 21654 Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2 2NOAA Restoration Center, 200 Harry S. Truman Parkway, An- 2Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, P.O Box 1870 Nordnes, napolis, MD 21401 Norway 3United States Naval Academy, Department of Oceanography, 3Dalhousie University, Marine Affairs Program, 1355 Oxford 572 C Holloway Rd, Mail Stop 9D, Annapolis, MD, 21402 Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2 4Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Piney Point Aqua- [email protected] culture Center, 17996 Piney Point Rd, Piney Point, MD, 20674 )HHGLQJUDWHVLQELYDOYHVDUHZLGHO\XQGHUVWRRGWREHLQÀXHQFHG 5Hampton University, 3 Shore Rd, Hampton, VA, 23668 by a suite of environmental conditions such as temperature and [email protected] food availability; however, the level of inter-individual variability 7HFKQLTXHV IRU SRVLWLYH UHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI ¿VK DUH ZHOO GH- for bivalve feeding rates, and the feedbacks between feeding and YHORSHG DQG IDFLOLWDWH QXPHURXV ¿VKHULHV LQYHVWLJDWLRQV DQG DV- digestive processes are not well understood. There is potential that sessments of management objectives. Fluorochrome dyes, like feeding rates are adjusted as a function of digestive processes to non-toxic/non-hazardous calcein, have been successfully used to maintain constant energy uptake in a dynamic environment. PDUNWKHKDUGSDUWVRI¿VKDQGWKHVKHOOVRIVRPHVSHFLHVRIPRO- The purpose of this study was to explore inter-individual vari- lusks. Yet despite the commercial and ecological importance of the ability in feeding rates, and feedbacks between feeding and diges- eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, a systematic evaluation of the tive processes in the blue mussel 0\WLOXVHGXOLV. Over the course HI¿FDF\RIFDOFHLQIRUPDUNLQJWKLVVSHFLHVGRHVQRWH[LVW,QWKLV RI¿YHGD\VSK\VLRORJLFDOUDWHVUHODWHGWRIHHGLQJ SXPSLQJDQG multi-stage study, methods that have been successfully applied to ingestion) and digestive processes (assimilation and gut passage mark freshwater mussels with calcein were tested on multiple age time) were measured using natural seawater every 20 minutes, and classes of. &YLUJLQLFD Techniques used on three-day-old early ve- 12 hours, respectively. Preliminary results suggest high inter-indi- liger larvae were then adapted and used to verify larval origin in vidual variability in feeding rates, with some individuals (50 mm DQDOWHUQDWLYHR\VWHUVHWWLQJGLUHFWVHWWLQJ¿HOGH[SHULPHQW'LUHFW in length) continually pumping at high rates (~5 lh-1) and some at setting involves the deploying of competent oyster larvae onto suit- low (~1 lh-1), despite being exposed to the same conditions. To ex- able settlement material LQVLWX. Results from initial experiments plore feeding-digestive feedbacks, gut retention time, absorption indicated that marked individuals of all age classes were recogniz- HI¿FLHQF\PHWDEROLFUDWHDQGFKDQJHVLQVHVWRQFRPSRVLWLRQDQG able under blue light; multiple distinct marks could be placed on energy content (joules), will be discussed in relation to feeding juvenile oysters, and that these marks could remain visible for over rates. Results of this research are relevant for individual growth 3 years. Growth of juveniles and adults treated with calcein did not models, providing natural range of inter-individual variability, and GLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPFRQWUROV/LNHZLVHVXUYLYRUVKLSGLGQRW potentially contributing to the mechanistic understanding of feed- differ between treated and control individuals for all treatments ex- ing-digestive relationships. cept one. Direct setting results demonstrated that oyster larvae can be set in large quantities LQVLWX and that all spat examined under EOXHOLJKWVKRZHGWKHWHOOWDOHÀXRUHVFLQJFDOFHLQPDUNLQGLFDWLQJ they originated from the hatchery where they were tagged, rather than from natural recruitment. These experiments show promise IRUDSSO\LQJVKHOO¿VKWDJJLQJWHFKQLTXHVWRSRWHQWLDOO\IDFLOLWDWLQJ WKHHQIRUFHPHQWRIQRWDNH¿VKLQJ]RQHVJURZWKDQDO\VLVVWXGLHV product health tracking, and the monitoring of intentionally intro- GXFHG FRQVSHFL¿FV DPRQJ ZLOG SRSXODWLRQV FRPPRQ LQ R\VWHU restoration). DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 141

(19,5210(17$/ 9$5,$%,/,7< $1' 2<67(5$662 7+(6&$//23),6+(5<$1'7+('(9(/23,1*:,1' &,$7(' 0,&52%,$/ '(1,75,),&$7,21 ,1 1$55$ )$50,1'8675<217+(1257+($67&217,1(17$/ *$16(77%$<5+2'(,6/$1'86$ 6+(/)2)1257+$0(5,&$ 5HEHFFD - 6WHYLFN1 $VKOH\ 3 +DPLOWRQ2 6HUHQD 0RVH .HYLQ'(6WRNHVEXU\ DQG1'DYLG%HWKRQH\ PDQ9DOWLHUUD2$QWRQ)3RVWDQG0DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL4 University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Department of Fisher- 1University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanogra- ies Oceanography, School for Marine Science and Technology, 836 phy, 220 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 South Rodney French Boulevard, New Bedford, MA 02744 2University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- [email protected] es, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 The development of the windfarm industry off the United States 3Florida Atlantic University, Division of Research, 5600 US-1, has great potential for the harvest of sustainable energy but will Fort Pierce, FL 34946 take up a large amount of space in an already crowded marine en- 4University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal vironment. One of the highest valued and historically productive and Veterinary Sciences, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 ¿VKHULHVLQWKLVVDPHVSDFHLVIRUWKH$WODQWLFVHDVFDOORS 3ODFRS- [email protected] HWHQPDJHOODQLFXV). Sea scallops are mostly sessile after their larval Oysters are keystone species in coastal ecosystems, playing a SKDVHVRWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHLUEHGVLVUHODWLYHO\¿[HGLQWLPH7KH\ crucial role in nutrient cycling. Commensal bacteria are responsi- are harvested offshore with a New Bedford style dredge towed be- ble for the ability of the oyster to cycle nitrogen. The aim of this hind the vessel with at least a 3 to 1 length-depth ratio. The abil- work was to characterize commensal bacterial communities in LWLHVRIWKH¿VKHU\WRKDUYHVWZLWKLQRUQH[WWRWKHVHZLQGIDUPVLV oysters and their potential role in nitrogen cycling under different under debate. The impacts extend beyond the biological to include environmental conditions. Adult oysters were collected from am- economic, social and institutional. Fortunately, sea scallops have a bient conditions at seven sites along the estuarine gradient of Nar- ODUJHVWURQJVFLHQWL¿FGDWDEDVHDQGPD\EHRQHRIWKHIHZ¿VKHULHV ragansett Bay. At two of the seven sites, an additional set of oys- where the impact of the developing windfarms industry can be as- ters was treated with fertilizer, to simulate nutrient loading. Oyster sessed on a quantitative bases from scales of “individual” (growth, VDPSOHV JXWLQQHUDQGRXWHUVKHOOELR¿OPV ZHUHDQDO\]HGE\6 energetic, physiology, predation, distribution), “population” (abun- rRNA sequencing to characterize bacterial community structures dance, distribution, age structure, recruitment, fertilization success) and shotgun metatranscriptomics to determine microbial function. and “community” (recovery, resilience, recolonization, equilibri- The composition of the most transcriptionally active taxa was sim- um shift, tropic levels, physical/chemical shifts in habitat). Un- ilar at each site, but levels of gene expression in several pathways derstanding the impacts of this new industry and suggesting ways VLJQL¿FDQWO\YDULHGEHWZHHQVLWHVVKRZLQJFRUUHODWLRQVZLWKHQYL- to mitigate negative impacts is key to allowing both industries to ronmental parameters. Oyster samples from the most nutrient-rich prosper and produce a continuing supply of sustainable sea food DQGDQR[LFVLWHVVKRZHGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUOHYHOVRIH[SUHVVLRQ and renewable energy to an increasingly hunger world. of bacterial genes in stress response and phosphorus metabolism pathways than samples from other sites, while samples from sites characterized by higher dissolved oxygen and lower nutrient lev- HOVVKRZHGDVLJQL¿FDQWXSUHJXODWLRQRIJHQHVLQYROYHGLQQLWURJHQ metabolism. The effect of fertilizer enrichment on bacterial com- +$7&+(5,(6'21¶7+$9(72%(&203/,&$7('7+( munity structure and function was more evident in samples col- &('$5.(<6(('02'(/ OHFWHGIURPRXWHUVKHOOELR¿OPVDVFRPSDUHGWRLQQHUVKHOOELR¿OPV /HVOLH16WXUPHU or gut samples. This study improves understanding of metabolic University of Florida/IFAS, Extension, Senator Kirkpatrick function of commensal microbial communities in oysters, and how Marine Lab, 11350 SW 153rd Court, Cedar Key, FL 32625 that function is affected by environmental conditions. /QVW#XÀHGX During the 1990s, federally funded job retraining programs SURYLGHGDQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWRLQWURGXFHVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHDVDQ alternative employment opportunity for rural communities along )ORULGD¶V ZHVW FRDVW 2YHU XQGHUHPSOR\HG ¿VKHUPHQ DQG women in the Cedar Key area received training and aquaculture leases to start their new businesses. Adequate northern quahog (= hard clam), 0HUFHQDULDPHUFHQDULD seed availability was a major concern of this emergent industry as seed plantings increased from 37 million in 1991 to 285 million in 1999. As demand increased so did the development of private-sector hatcheries throughout the DO NOT CITE 142 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

state. However, it was the development of land-based nurseries in 7+( ,03$&76 2) 0,&523/$67,&6 21 $ /$5*(/< Cedar Key, over 70 at one time, that contributed to alleviating seed 29(5/22.(' 0$5,1( ,19(57(%5$7( ± 7+( 6($ problems early on. In this decade, hatcheries experienced unac- 85&+,1 ceptable losses of seed, resulting in an inconsistent and unreliable &ROHHQ&6XFNOLQJ supply. By now, Cedar Key was producing over 90% of the state’s University of Rhode Island, Fisheries, College of Environment cultured clams, about 100 million annually. To obtain adequate and Life Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary seed for their growout operations, several nursery operators incor- Science, 129 Woodward Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 porated a hatchery component. Systems and methods used by these [email protected] small-scale, “pop-up” hatcheries and nurseries will be reviewed. In recent years there has been an increasing effort to assess the In addition, favorable local zoning ordinances, county “greenbelt” impacts of microplastic pollution on marine organisms, yet much property tax exemptions, and state regulations, along with exten- IRFXVKDVEHHQPDGHRQ¿OWHUIHHGLQJVKHOO¿VKDQG¿VKVSHFLHVRI sion efforts to support these facilities, will be presented. commercial relevance. Other ecologically and economically important groups of organisms, such as sea urchins, have still received OLWWOHWRQRLQYHVWLJDWLRQ+HUHWKH¿UVWLQVLJKWVLQWRDVVHVVLQJWKH effects of marine microplastics on numerous species of adult sea urchins ($UEDFLDSXQFWXODWD3DUDFHQWURWXVOLYLGXV3VDPPHFKLQXV 5(&29(5< $1' 5(6,/,(1&( 2) 2<67(5 5(()6 ,1 PLOLDULV DUHSUHVHQWHGWKXVEULQJLQJQHZLQIRUPDWLRQLQWRWKH¿HOG 7+(%,*%(1'5(*,212))/25,'$86$ of microplastic pollution. Sea urchins live on the benthos grazing /HVOLH16WXUPHU1 :LOOLDP3LQH2DQG3HWHU)UHGHULFN2 on food materials meaning that these organisms are at the inter- 1University of Florida/IFAS, Extension, Senator Kirkpatrick face for plastic exposure, through plastic loading and resuspension Marine Lab, 11350 SW 153rd Court, Cedar Key, FL 32625 GXULQJ HYHQWV RI VLJQL¿FDQW ZDWHU PRYHPHQW HJ VWRUPV 7KLV 2University of Florida/IFAS, Department of Wildlife Ecology, VWXG\ DVVHVVHG WKH VKRUW WHUP LQÀXHQFH RI VWRUPOLNH VFHQDULRV P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611 which could induce microplastic resuspension from sediments cou- /QVW#XÀHGX pled with salinity changes associated with high precipitation during Offshore oyster reefs in the Big Bend region of Florida have storm events. Furthermore, it assessed the longer term effects of declined by 88% during the last 30 years, driven by die-offs during ingesting PVC particles using environmentally relevant levels of high salinity, triggered by episodic and increasing periods of re- each parameter. This study shows that numerous species of sea duced freshwater input to estuaries. Repeated events have led to urchins are resilient to microplastic pollution even when coupled nonreversible conversion from shell to sandbar substrate resulting with additional parameters. More importantly this study shows that in the inability of oysters to recruit and rapid loss of elevation (8 the urchins ingest microplastics, a phenomenon not previously doc- centimeters per year). These long coastwise chains of oyster reefs umented for adults. which occur 2-4 kilometers (km) offshore are of particularly high value because they act as barrier islands by reducing wave action, holding fresh water from the mainland near the coast, and maintaining estuarine salinity regimes. A pilot study in which substrate was added in the form of limerock cobbles and recycled clam aqua- $6/2:*52:,1*3(563(&7,9(2108/7,*(1(5$ culture bags demonstrated this one-way process can be reversed; 7,21$/5(63216(672)8785(&+$1*( oyster densities at test sites increased by 9.2 times compared to &ROHHQ&6XFNOLQJ 0HORG\6&ODUN/OR\G63HFNDQG control sites. These results have led to the restoration of an exist- $QGUHZ-'DYLHV4 ing, degraded oyster reef chain consisting of 22 reef elements to its 1University of Rhode Island, Fisheries, College of Environment historical footprint and elevation. With funding from the Deepwa- and Life Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary ter Horizon oil spill settlement, limerock boulders (13,000 cubic Science, 129 Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston. PHWHUV WRSSHGZLWKDOD\HURIR\VWHUVKHOOZHUHGHSOR\HGRYHU¿YH RI 02881 km at a cost of $3.5 million. Monitoring efforts during a six-year 2Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew Street, period will determine if addition of durable substrate will improve Menai Bridge, Isle of Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom salinity regulation in the surrounding coastal zone, reduce recov- 3British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Coun- ery time of oysters following mortality events, and improve oyster cil, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United reef resiliency to longer term effects of sea level rise and climate Kingdom change. 4University of Rhode Island, College of Environment and Life Sciences, Biological Sciences, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881 [email protected] The oceans are changing, lowering in pH as atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) concentrations increase. Predicting how ecologically DO NOT2 CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 143

and economically important organisms will respond to these chang- ability of methodological approaches becomes challenging. Using es has become a major area of research, particularly for those spe- European sea urchin species, 3DUDFHQWURWXV OLYLGXV and 3VDP- cies needing to maintain biomineralizing processes. In recent years PHFKLQXVPLOLDULV as a case study, this work assessed the effects there has been a shift in focus from shorter (hours-weeks) towards RIGLIIHULQJVHDZDWHUÀRZUDWHVDQGVWRFNLQJGHQVLWLHVRQVRPDWLF assessing responses over longer term exposure periods (months- growth and physiology. This presentation will discuss those im- \HDUV DGYDQFLQJRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQWKLV¿HOG*LYHQWKDWSUH- pacts on both species and identify whether responses were species dicted changes span across years and decades, and that organisms VSHFL¿F)XUWKHUPRUHLWZLOOGLVFXVVKRZFRQVLGHUDWLRQIRUJHQHUDO will be producing offspring, a greater consideration of multi-gen- holding conditions and comparison across anthropogenic studies is erational response is needed to better understand how organisms required, especially across different species and will provide a list will respond under future climates. For many species, this is still in of recommendations for reporting these conditions to help improve its infancy with the majority of focus on organisms with rapid life transparency, repeatability and comparability across studies. cycles. In an experimental context this is convenient as numerous generations can be achieved within weeks/months. However, they cannot be a substitute for higher trophic level organisms that have much more complex life cycle processes. High trophic levels typically comprise of slower growing organisms with longer life cycles (&2120,&62)68%7,'$/2<67(5&8/785(,1'(/ and deferred maturity (i.e. years). With these, rearing multiple gen- $:$5(%$<86$ HUDWLRQVEHFRPHVWLPHFRQVXPLQJGLI¿FXOWDQGDOPRVWXQIXQGDEOH .HYLQ6XOOLYDQ1 'DYLG%XVKHN2/LVD0&DOYR2(OHDQRU%R within normal grant time-scales (i.e. 2-3 years). This presentation FKHQHN2%UDLQ+DUPDQDQG%DUQH\+ROOLQJHU will address this knowledge gap by discussing the physiological, 15XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\2I¿FHRI5HVHDUFK$QDO\WLFV/LSPDQ somatic, reproductive and commercially relevant responses of a Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 slow growing benthic invertebrate, the sea urchin, bred across sev- 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 eral generations under IPCC predicted CO2 conditions. Although this work focusses on a European species (3VDPPHFKLQXVPLOLDULV) 3Atlantic Capes Fisheries, Inc., 985 Ocean Drive, Cape May, this information brings important considerations for other commer- NJ 08204 cially relevant organisms. [email protected] For more than 100 years, the oyster aquaculture industry of New Jersey involved transplanting wild submarket oysters on thousands of acres of Delaware Bay planting grounds for subsequent harvest. This type of oyster aquaculture thrived in the mid-Bay 6($ 85&+,1 620$7,& $1' *21$'$/ 5(63216(6 area, reaching peak oyster harvests of nearly two million bushels 72',))(5,1*672&.,1*'(16,7,(6$1'6($:$7(5 per year. However, the practice effectively ended in the late 1950s )/2:5$7(6$&$6(678'<)25(;3(5,0(17$/'( when MSX disease decimated oysters on moderate to high salinity 6,*1&216,'(5$7,216 planting grounds. &ROHHQ&6XFNOLQJ 0ROO\9&]DFKXU-RHO((OOLV2DQG The development of disease resistant oysters rejuvenated the $QGUHZ-'DYLHV industry, generating hundreds of oyster farms along the U.S. East 1University of Rhode Island, Fisheries, College of Environment Coast. Consequently, intertidal oyster farming has succeeded in and Life Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary the lower Delaware Bay for three decades; however, subtidal oys- Science, 129 Woodward Hall, Kingston. RI 02881 ter culture on the traditional planting grounds has yet to recover, 2Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew Street, limited by the challenging physical conditions of the Bay, a lack of Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom capital investment, and the need for demonstrated success. Recent 3Stellenbosch University, Department of Botany and Zoology, industry initiatives are underway to revitalize oyster culture on the Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa planting grounds using subtidal cage production methods. This 4University of Rhode Island, College of Environment and Life study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of two subtidal Sciences, Biological Sciences, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881 cage production methods deployed on the Delaware Bay. [email protected] To this end, the presentation will include 1) the efforts to evalu- Sea urchins are often used as model species in anthropogenic ate the economic feasibility of two types of subtidal cage systems in studies and their aquaculture productions has expanded in recent the harsh Delaware Bay environment, 2) the results of the economic years. Yet, basic rearing techniques, such as stocking density and analysis of the two subtidal cage systems, 3) an economic compar- VHDZDWHUÀRZUDWHVDSSOLHGLQWKHVHVWXGLHVYDU\DUHODUJHO\XQUH- ison of mid-Bay subtidal cage production to lower-Bay intertidal ported and have received little investigation. Without this informa- rack-and-bag production, and 4) future directions and potential for tion, comparabilityDO of results across the literature NOT and the repeat- innovation in subtidal oysterCITE culture on the Delaware Bay. 144 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

812&&83,('$(5,$/9(+,&/(6 8$9 $1(:722/ 2%6(59$7,216 21 7+( 86( 2) $ 0&'21$/' ),6+ 72 ,03529( 5(6725$7,21$1' 0$1$*(0(17 2) +$7&+,1*-$5)252<67(56(('&8/785($1',0 ,17(57,'$/ 2<67(56 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ,1 3529(0(176,1%277/(6,/2'(6,*1 6287+&$52/,1$86$ -RKQ6XSDQ1 DQG6WHSKHQ7UXHVGDOH2 *DU\ : 6XQGLQ1 3HWHU 5 .LQJVOH\6PLWK1 DQG (YDQ ' 1Sea Farms Consulting LLC, 76060 Hidden Oaks Lane, Cov- &RRN2 ington, LA 70435 1Marine Resources Research Institute, Marine Resources Divi- 2Cape Fear Mariculture LLC, 1715 Country Club Rd, Unit B, sion, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR), Jacksonville NC 28546 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412 [email protected] 2GIS Manager, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina De- Bottle nursery systems have become commonplace in oyster partment of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charles- KDWFKHULHVDVDPHDQVWRXVHÀXLGL]DWLRQLQVWHDGRIGRZQZHOOLQJ ton, SC 29412 to nurse post-set and larger seed for reduced labor. The loss of [email protected] commercial supply of bottle silos during 2019 initiated a prelim- Small UAV have recently become available to natural resource LQDU\LQYHVWLJDWLRQRID0F'RQDOG¿VKKDWFKLQJMDUDVDSRVVLEOH professionals as effective tools allowing unprecedented spatial and UHSODFHPHQW0LQLPXPÀRZUDWHVWRDFKLHYHÀXLGL]DWLRQZHUH temporal control of remote sensing data collection. Researchers and 14 seconds per gallon (sec/gal) for 1 liter (L) of < R2 grade from the SCDNR have begun exploring the potential of consum- and R2 grade &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFDoyster seed, respectively. Flow er-grade UAV platforms to inform the restoration and management !VHFJDOUHVXOWHGLQXQDFFHSWDEOHRYHUÀRZGRZQWKHVLGHRIWKH of intertidal oyster (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD) reefs. Such platforms hatching jar due to the shallow top lip and discharge spout. R2 support the accurate mapping of the extent of such reefs and the grade seed, therefore, were deemed as the maximum size for use detection of temporal changes in their extent, elevation, and sur- LQ¿VKKDWFKLQJMDUVDOLPLWLQJIDFWRUIRUWKHLUXVHLQDFRPPHUFLDO face texture under several scenarios of restoration and commercial setting. harvest. This presentation will cover analyses completed for over A new source of commercially-available bottle silos resulted 8$9ÀLJKWVEHJLQQLQJLQ-XQHWKDWPDSSHGDUHDVRINQRZQ from a new collaboration utilizing prosthetic fabrication tech- dense oyster growth, areas subject to intense harvest, and plots re- niques. Bottle silos (4” diameter) were constructed of PETG ceiving restoration plantings of loose oyster shell. Flights were PRGL¿HGDFU\OLFUHVLQZLWKWKHQHDUFODULW\RIDFU\OLFZLWKPRUH completed before and after harvest periods and restoration plant- resiliency. Three designs were bench tested using 1L of micro- ings to document changes resulting from these activities. Photo- cultch, resulting in a seamless clear silo, with threaded seawater JUDPPHWU\VRIWZDUHZDVXVHGWRSURGXFHJHRUHFWL¿HGRUWKRPRVD- connection, increased check ball size and improved performance, ics and digital surface models ranging in resolution from 0.4 to 2.0 DQG KLJKHU ÀRZ UDWH FDSDFLW\ RYHU WUDGLWLRQDO VLOR GHVLJQ 6XFK FPJURXQGVDPSOHGLVWDQFH6XSHUYLVHGFODVVL¿FDWLRQDQGKHDGVXS silos are now commercially distributed as single or multiple units digitizing methods were explored for delineating natural and resto- or complete systems. ration reefs. Multiple methods were explored for creating and evaluating textural surface metrics at the individual reef level. Eleva- tional changes resulting from restoration plantings were calculated. 7KHPHWKRGVDQGZRUNÀRZVGHYHORSHGIURPWKHVHRQJRLQJHIIRUWV show promise for natural resource managers and researchers seek- *5((1+286( *$6 (0,66,216 $1' %/8( &$5%21 LQJUHSHDWDEOHTXDQWL¿DEOHLQGLFHVRIR\VWHUUHHIH[WHQWFKDQJH 672&.6,1&2$67$/6$/70$56+(6,10$66$&+8 and condition. Such indices have the potential to inform restoration SETTS siting choices, improve population estimates, and help evaluate the -LDQZX7DQJ DQG)DPLQJ:DQJ effectiveness of restoration activities. The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 [email protected] Salt marshes play an important role in global and regional carbon cycling. Restoration and conservation of salt marshes have a great potential for carbon sequestration. Greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) were measured biweekly for two growing seasons across a nitrogen-loading gradient of four 6SDUWLQDsalt marshes in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA. GHG emissions were also measured in a tidally-restricted wetland and a restored ZHWODQG7KH*+*ÀX[PHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHPDGHLQVLWX with a DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 145

state-of-the-art mobile gas measurement system using the cavity objectives, options and strategies for eradication and control, edu- ring down technology that consists of a CO2/CH4 analyzer and an cation, funding, and compensation.

N2O/CO analyzer. The long-term carbon storage was measured by deep soil cores. Strong seasonal variations in greenhouse gas emis- †The views expressed in this publication are those of the author/s and do not sions were observed. It was found that the studied salt marsh was a QHFHVVDULO\UHÀHFWWKHYLHZVRIWKH)RRGDQG$JULFXOWXUH2UJDQL]DWLRQRI VLJQL¿FDQWFDUERQVLQNZKHQDOO*+*ÀX[HVZHUHFRPELQHG7KH the United Nations (FAO). Also, the designations employed and the presen- restored coastal wetland decreased CH ÀX[HVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKH tation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of 4 opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal status of any tidally restricted freshwater marsh. It can be concluded that resto- country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thew de- UDWLRQRUFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKHFRDVWDOEOXHFDUERQVLQNKDVDVLJQL¿- limitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Content and errors are exclusively FDQWPRQHWDU\YDOXHDQGVRFLDOEHQH¿WIRUFDUERQFUHGLW the responsibility of the author/s.

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%$< 6&$//23 5(6725$7,21 ,1 1(: <25. 7+( tured, discrete-time matrix model was applied to simulate the /220,1*63(&7(52)&/,0$7(&+$1*( dynamics of an eastern oyster metapopulation in Pamlico Sound, 6WHSKHQ77HWWHOEDFK1 6FRWW:7+XJKHV1%UDGOH\-3HWHU North Carolina, USA. The model integrated empirical measures of VRQ2DQG&KULVWRSKHU)6PLWK1 oyster demographic rates, and represented the entire metapopula- 1Cornell Cooperative Extension, Marine Program, 3690 Cedar tion by integrating all known oyster reefs of different types in the Beach Rd, Southold, NY 11971 system: (1) restored subtidal reefs closed to harvest (i.e., protect- 2Stony Brook-Southampton, School of Marine and Atmospheric ed areas), (2) restored subtidal reefs open to harvest, (3) natural Sciences, 8 Little Neck Rd, Southampton, NY 11968 subtidal reefs open to harvest, (4) natural intertidal reefs open to [email protected] harvest, and (5) oyster ‘reefs’ on manmade, hard structures such as Intensive restoration efforts, conducted in the Peconic bays of VHDZDOOVDQGSLOLQJV.H\¿QGLQJVLQFOXGHG DQRYHUDOOVWDEOH eastern Long Island since 2006, have driven order of magnitude yet slightly declining metapopulation, (2) variable reef type-spe- increases in larval recruitment, benthic population densities and FL¿FSRSXODWLRQWUDMHFWRULHVGHSHQGLQJRQVSDWLRWHPSRUDOYDULDWLRQ FRPPHUFLDO¿VKHU\ODQGLQJVRIED\VFDOORSV$UJRSHFWHQLUUDGLDQV in larval recruitment, (3) spatiotemporal variation in the source- LUUDGLDQV. Harvest levels in 2017 and 2018 were each ~107,000 sink status of reef subpopulations wherein subtidal sanctuaries and pounds of meats: 32 times the average annual harvest during the reefs located in the northeastern portion of the estuary frequently 12 years prior to the start of our restoration efforts. A very large set served as sources, and (4) a greater relative importance of inter-reef of juvenile scallops in summer and fall 2018 led to expectations of larval export on metapopulation dynamics relative to local larval another excellent season. However, a mass die-off of adult scallops retention processes. Resource managers should consider oysters occurred between late June and early October 2019, with mortality as an interconnected metapopulation, with continued protection of levels of 90-100% at most sites; landings in November-December H[LVWLQJR\VWHUVDQFWXDULHVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQRIRWKHULGHQWL¿HGVXE- were much lower in 2019 than in the two previous years. Never- populations that serve as frequent ‘source’ subpopulations, while theless, the set of juvenile scallops in eastern bays was larger than managing harvest from ‘sink’ subpopulations. that seen in several years. Available data suggest that adult mortalities were not the result of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Plausi- ble reasons for high adult scallop mortality include: (1) combined physiological stresses of spawning, in conjunction with high water temperatures and low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and/or (2) pre- $*/2%$/63$7,$/$1$/<6,65(9($/6:+(5(0$ dation by cownose rays, 5KLQRSWHUDERQDVXV, which were reported 5,1($48$&8/785(&$1%(1(),71$785($1'3(2 to have been much more abundant in local waters in 2019, com- 3/( pared to prior years. Both of these scenarios are likely driven by 6HWK-7KHXHUNDXI1 -DPHV$0RUULV-U27LIIDQ\-:DWHUV1 climate change. /LVD&:LFNOLIIH+HLGL.$OOHZD\4DQG5REHUW&-RQHV1 17KH1DWXUH&RQVHUYDQF\:RUOGZLGH2I¿FH1RUWK)DLU- fax Drive #100, Arlington, VA, 22203 2NOAA NOS NCCOS, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC, 28516 2<67(50(7$3238/$7,21'<1$0,&6 3CSS, Inc., NOAA NOS NCCOS, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beau- 6HWK - 7KHXHUNDXI 'DYLG % (JJOHVWRQ2 DQG %UDQGRQ - fort, NC, 28516 3XFNHWW 48QLYHUVLW\RI$GHODLGH2I¿FHRIWKH'HSXW\9LFH&KDQFHOORU 17KH1DWXUH&RQVHUYDQF\71&:RUOGZLGH2I¿FH1RUWK and Vice-President (Research), North Terrace, Mitchell, Floor 1, Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203 Adelaide, 5005 Australia 2North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth [email protected] and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Tech- $TXDFXOWXUHRIELYDOYHVKHOO¿VKDQGVHDZHHGUHSUHVHQWVDJORE- nology, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC, 28557 al opportunity to simultaneously advance coastal ecosystem re- 3North Carolina Coastal Reserve and National Estuarine Re- FRYHU\DQGSURYLGHVXEVWDQWLYHEHQH¿WVWRKXPDQLW\7RLGHQWLI\ search Reserve, 101 Pivers Island Road Beaufort, NC, 28516 marine ecoregions with the greatest potential for development of [email protected] VKHOO¿VKDQGVHDZHHGDTXDFXOWXUHWRPHHWWKLVRSSRUWXQLW\DJOREDO Metapopulation and source-sink dynamics are increasingly spatial analysis was conducted using key environmental (e.g., nu- considered within spatially-explicit management of wildlife pop- trient pollution status), socioeconomic (e.g., governance quality), ulations, yet application of these concepts are generally limited to and human health factors (e.g., wastewater treatment prevalence). comparisons of the performance (e.g., demographic rates) inside Substantial opportunity for strategic sector development was iden- vs. outside protected areas, and at spatial scales that do not encom- WL¿HGZLWKWKHKLJKHVWRSSRUWXQLW\PDULQHHFRUHJLRQVIRUVKHOO¿VK pass the entire metapopulation. In the present study, a size-struc- aquaculture centered on Oceania, North America, and portions of DO NOTAsia, and the highest opportunityCITE for seaweed aquaculture dis- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 147

tributed throughout Europe, Asia, Oceania, and North and South 237,0,=,1* 5(027( 6(77,1* 21 ',))(5(17 $PHULFD 7KLV VWXG\ SURYLGHV LQVLJKWV LQWR VSHFL¿F DUHDV ZKHUH &8/7&+ 7<3(6 )25 60$//6&$/( 2<67(5 5(672 governments, international development organizations, and inves- 5$7,21,1%$51(*$7%$<1(:-(56(< tors should prioritize new efforts to drive changes in public policy, &KULVWLQH07KRPSVRQ1 DQG 'DOH3DUVRQV2 capacity-building, and business planning to realize the ecosystem 1Stockton University, School of Natural Sciences and Mathe- DQGVRFLHWDOEHQH¿WVRIVKHOO¿VKDQGVHDZHHGDTXDFXOWXUH matics, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205 2Parsons Mariculture, 468 South Green Street, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 [email protected] Restoration efforts for the eastern oyster&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, 3$/$8$1 $48$&8/785( 63$7,$/ $1$/<6,6 ,1 are often limited by sources and availability of cultch for remote )2506 6,7,1* '(9(/230(17$1' 0$1$*(0(17 setting. In southern New Jersey, a shell recycling program has been ,1$60$//,6/$1''(9(/23,1*67$7( created to provide shell for restoration purposes, but the types and 6HWK-7KHXHUNDXI1 6WHYHQ9LFWRU27LIIDQ\:DWHUV10LFKDHO availability of shell can vary. Additionally, the growth of oysters $XOHULR2-DYLHU&XHWRV%XHQR2DQG5REHUW&-RQHV1 on these shell types once planted may affect restoration success if 17KH1DWXUH&RQVHUYDQF\:RUOGZLGH2I¿FH1RUWK)DLU- set ratios are too high or low. This study evaluated the average set- fax Drive #100, Arlington, VA 22203 tlement of eyed oyster larvae in tanks with mixtures of three shell 2The Nature Conservancy, Micronesia Program, P.O. Box 1738, types: eastern oyster (&YLUJLQLFD), surfclam (6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPD) Koror, 96940 and knobbed whelk shell (%XV\FRQ FDULFD). Spat settlement was [email protected] assessed 24 days after setting and again after being deployed on the Aquaculture is among the world’s fastest growing forms of food restoration site for four months. Initial settlement numbers (# oys- SURGXFWLRQ²GRQHSRRUO\DTXDFXOWXUHFDQKDYHVLJQL¿FDQWQHJD- ters per shell) were highest for surfclam shell and lowest for whelk tive impacts, done well, aquaculture can be a force for environmen- VKHOOZLWKDOOWKUHHPHDQVEHLQJVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQW S tal and social good. The Nature Conservancy has established an Oysters were assessed during reef surveys in October 2019 to de- ambitious program focused on working with countries to improve termine growth survivorship on all three shell types. This study is governance of the aquaculture sector to reduce impacts and meet important for optimizing aquaculture techniques for small-scale re- food production needs, with a particular focus on capacity-building mote setting that can be restricted by both the availability of shell and transferable tools for regulators. The Republic of Palau con- types and permitting requirements prohibiting certain cultch types VLVWVRIRYHULVODQGVLQWKHZHVWHUQ3DFL¿F2FHDQKRPHWRRYHU in shallow-water bays. 20,000 citizens. With limited arable land, Palau imports ~86% of its food resources and relies heavily on locally-caught wild seafood DVDSULPDU\VRXUFHRISURWHLQ6LJQL¿FDQWLQWHUHVWKDVHPHUJHGLQ development of an aquaculture sector in Palau, including assistance from major international and national organizations; however, most &2//$%25$7,9(&20081,&$7,21675$7(*,(672 aquaculture development efforts to date have focused on building 6833257 *52:7+ $1' '(9(/230(17 2) 86 0$ capacity for aquaculture production (e.g., hatchery and grow-out 5,1($48$&8/785( RI¿QDQGVKHOO¿VK DQGQRWRQEXLOGLQJFDSDFLW\IRUVRXQGJRYHU- .LPEHUO\7KRPSVRQ nance and decision support tools for the sector, particularly around $TXDULXPRIWKH3DFL¿F$TXDULXP:D\/RQJ%HDFK&DO- aquaculture siting and spatial management. To support sustainable ifornia, 90802 development of the Palauan aquaculture sector, this project aims [email protected] to co-develop national-scale aquaculture siting guidelines, conduct There is great potential (ecological and economic) to grow nu- trainings and mentorship to build spatial planning capacity, and tritious protein in U.S. waters to complement land-based agricul- co-develop aquaculture spatial planning products. This presenta- ture and support a more climate resilient food supply. Despite this, WLRQFRYHUVSURJUHVVZLWKLQWKH¿UVW\HDURIWKLVWKUHH\HDUSURMHFW the growth of the sector in U.S. waters is negligible relative to its with a particular emphasis on transferable approaches, tools, and capacity for responsible growth. One of the barriers to growth is methods applicable to guiding aquaculture spatial planning and a lack of “social license” from the public. Negative perceptions management in other geographies. among small, but politically powerful public stakeholder groups can greatly complicate, and even prevent the growth and expansion of marine aquaculture projects. 7KH$TXDULXPRIWKH3DFL¿F6HDIRRGIRUWKH)XWXUHSURJUDP is working with diverse stakeholders from academic, government DO NOTand nongovernment organizations, CITE farming, and investor commu- 148 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

nities on a number of projects to help familiarize the public with 35(6(1&(2)0,&52),%(56,1$'8/72<67(56$1' marine aquaculture in the U.S. and facilitate collaborative action to :$7(5 6$03/(6 &2//(&7(' ,1 %26721 +$5%25 disseminate accurate about marine aquaculture more consistently $1'&2$67$/0$66$&+86(776 across diverse stakeholder groups. The tools developed as a result &DWKHULQH7RELQ DQG-XDQLWD8UEDQ5LFK of these projects can be used to educate the general public, as well University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environ- as engage stakeholders, including policy makers, with accurate ment, 100 William T Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125 information about marine aquaculture in the U.S. The success of [email protected] these projects greatly depends on quality and diversity of participa- 3ODVWLFVDFFRXQWIRURIPDULQHGHEULV0LFUR¿EHUVZLWK tion. We will need all hands on deck! a worldwide production of 66.8 million tons in 2015, are the dominant form of microplastic pollution in the environment. Sources LQFOXGHV\QWKHWLFFORWKLQJ¿VKLQJJHDUURSHDQGFLJDUHWWHV0LFUR- ¿EHUVKDYHEHHQUHSRUWHGHYHU\ZKHUHLQWKHRFHDQ HJGHHSVHDWR EHDFKHV DQGLQVSHFLHV HJVKHOO¿VK ZLWKPLFUR¿EHUVPRVWSUHY- 6(48(1&( &+$5$&7(5,=$7,21 $1' 7,668( (; DOHQWLQKLJKKXPDQSRSXODWLRQGHQVLW\DUHDV0LFUR¿EHUVDUHQRW 35(66,21 $1$/<6,6 2) 7+,2(67(5&217$,1,1* only an ecological issue, but potentially a human health and eco- 3527(,16 7(3 $1' &203/(0(17 02/(&8/(6 ,1 QRPLFFRQFHUQ,QWHUPVRIR\VWHUVPLFUR¿EHUVWKUHDWHQWKHKXPDQ 7+( 648,' EUPRYMNA SCOLOPES $ 02//86&$1 values of oysters socially (oysters for human consumption), eco- 02'(/ nomically (oysters as a source of employment), and environmen- 77KXUDLVDP\ DQG0*&DVWLOOR tally (oysters as an ecosystem service). This research is focused Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cru- RQWKHSUHVHQFHRIPLFUR¿EHUVLQDGXOWR\VWHUVDQGZDWHUVDPSOHV ces, NM collected in Boston Harbor and coastal Massachusetts (Gloucester, [email protected] 'X[EXU\DQG:HOOÀHHW Members of the thioester-containing protein (TEP) superfamily Adult oysters and water samples were collected during the DQGFRPSOHPHQWV\VWHPSURWHLQVKDYHEHHQLGHQWL¿HGLQDOOPDMRU 6XPPHURIDQGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHUDQJHRIPLFUR¿EHUV metazoan groups. Despite their important role in immune defense, ORFDOO\'DWDKDVVKRZQWKDWPLFUR¿EHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVLQR\VWHUV many of these proteins are not well characterized in invertebrates. FROOHFWHG LQ FRDVWDO 0DVVDFKXVHWWV UDQJHG IURP PLFUR¿EHUV Based on sequence homology and protein domain structure, TEP SHUR\VWHU7KHUHZDVQRVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHLQQXPEHURIPL- molecules can be divided into three subfamilies: alpha-2-macro- FUR¿EHUVEHWZHHQWKHVLWHV )2,102 = 1.23; P > 0.05). For oysters col- globulin (A2M)-like, complement component 3 (C3)-like, and the lected in watersheds comprising Boston Harbor, preliminary mi- insect TEP (iTEP). Most TEP contain a highly active thioester mo- FUR¿EHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQVUDQJHGIURPPLFUR¿EHUVSHUR\VWHU tif that mediates covalent interaction of these molecules with other At various locations within the Harbor, water samples contained a proteins, and have been recognized as one of the phylogenetically UDQJHRIPLFUR¿EHUVSHUOLWHU5HVXOWVZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGDQG most ancient innate immune molecules. The present study focuses discussed in terms of the larger context of environmental and social on characterizing the diversity and tissue-level expression of TEP LPSOLFDWLRQVRIPLFUR¿EHUVZLWKLQR\VWHUV and complement molecules in the squid, (XSU\PQD VFRORSHV, a mollusc that has a mutualistic association with the marine bacteria, 9LEULR¿VFKHUL. Publicly available transcriptomes were utilized to identify homologous sequences of TEP and complement molecules using BLAST searches. Preliminary results revealed the presence of several representative proteins from each TEP subfamily, including two A2M-like homologs, two C3-like molecules, and four transcripts closely related to the iTEP. Further analysis allowed the LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ RI FRPSOHPHQW PROHFXOHV ZLWK KRPRORJ\ WR &T &DUHFHSWRUDQGIDFWRU&6HTXHQFHFRQ¿UPDWLRQDQGH[SUHVVLRQ characterization of these molecules in relation to their function in the squid symbiotic association are currently underway using conventional PCR and RT qPCR methods. Findings of this study provide new insights into the evolution of these molecules and their potential function in animal-bacteria symbiotic relationships. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 149

72:$5'67+(6859(,//$1&(2)+$50)8/$/*$/ enhance the satellite data. Through the combination of these tech- %/2206 ,1 7+( &+(6$3($.( %$< 7+528*+ 7+( nologies along with additional citizen scientist programs for bloom $33/,&$7,21 2) 237,&$/ 5(027( 6(16,1* (&2 monitoring, the potential for a real-time monitoring system for /2*,&$/$662&,$7,216$1'&,7,=(1021,725,1* HAB events in Chesapeake Bay is possible. ())2576 0LFKHOOH & 7RPOLQVRQ1 -HQQLIHU / :ROQ\2 5LFKDUG 3 6WXPSI1.LPEHUO\65HHFH7RGG$(JHUWRQ4DQG$QGUHZ 0HUHGLWK5 1NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 2<67(5+$%,7$721',))(5(175(()7<3(6,17+( East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 &+(6$3($.(%$<0$5

6(77,1*2<67(5/$59$(21(;,67,1*5,35$3,167 relative abundance of shrimp to habitat characteristics; and deter- /(21$5'&5((.0$5

0(&+$1,606*29(51,1*,17(57,'$/$1'68%7,' E\ UHPRWH VHQVLQJ FRXOG LPSURYH WKH HI¿FLHQF\ RI VKHOO¿VK EHG $/2<67(55(())250$7,21$1'0$,17(1$1&(,1 closures, ultimately improving health outcomes for humans. An ex- 7+(%,*%(1'5(*,212))/25,'$86$,17(5$& tensive network of routine sampling by Chesapeake Bay Program 7,216 2) 6$/,1,7<,00(56,217,0($1' 35('$ managers makes this is an ideal location to develop and test future 7,21 satellite data products to support management decisions. This a $QQDOHH7ZHLWPDQQ 3HWHU)UHGHULFNDQG:LOOLDP(3LQH,,, FULWLFDOWLPHIRUGH¿QLQJWKHQHHGVRIWKHDTXDFXOWXUHDQGUHVRXUFH University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and management community to save lives, time, and money while Conservation, 110 Newins-Zeigler Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611 NASA is building and planning next generation space-based obser- DQQDOHHWZHLWPDQQ#XÀHGX vations from Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE), It is widely hypothesized that salinity plays a dominant role the Geosynchronous Littoral Imaging Radiometer (GLIMR), and a in determining oyster reef zonal distribution: subtidal oyster reefs Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) platform all improve spectral only persist in areas of low salinity, where predation and parasite resolution with distinct spatial or temporal advantages. At NASA load is low, while intertidal oyster reefs can persist in higher salin- Goddard, we hold monthly discussions with scientists and stake- ity regimes because daily exposure provides refuge from aquatic holders from government agencies, universities, non-governmental predators and parasites. The effects of salinity and tidal immersion organizations, and industry. Workshops are periodically conducted on oyster growth and mortality have largely been treated separately along with training so that non-traditional users can become more in the literature, yet their interactive effects could be powerful in familiar with satellite data as well as uncertainties and limitations. explaining oyster reef type and may be critical in understanding These interactions provide an opportunity to collaborate and build oyster reef sustainability. To further assess this relationship, ap- consensus around addressing challenges. proximately 2000 wild eastern oysters (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) were tagged and deployed at six sites in the Big Bend region of Florida: two low-salinity sites, two mid-salinity sites, and two high-salinity sites. Oysters were deployed in 0.25 m2 trays, which have one side accessible by predators and one side closed to predators. Trays 7+( ())(&76 2) 3(50,77,1* '(/$<6 21 5(7851 were deployed intertidally and subtidally at each site, adjacent to 21 ,19(670(17 )25 3$&,),& &2$67 6+(//),6+ continuous water quality sensors. Mortality was assessed and shell $48$&8/785( heights measured monthly. The interactive effects of salinity and -RQDWKDQYDQ6HQWHQ DQG&DUROH5(QJOH immersion time may have strong implications for our understand- 1Virginia Tech, Virginia Seafood AREC, 102 S. King St., Hamp- ing of the formation and maintenance of reefs, and therefore for ton, VA 23669 their management and restoration. 2Engle-Stone Aquatic$ LLC, 320 Faith Lane, Strasburg, VA 22657 [email protected] $VXUYH\WRDVVHVVWKHRQIDUPHIIHFWVRIUHJXODWLRQVRQVKHOO¿VK IDUPVRQWKH863DFL¿F&RDVW :DVKLQJWRQ2UHJRQDQG&DOLIRU- 86,1* 6$7(//,7(6 72 $,' &+(6$3($.( %$< 5( nia) was completed in 2017. The coverage rate for the responses was 6285&( 0$1$*(56 ,1 7+( '(7(&7,21 2) 3225 RIWKHSURGXFWLRQYDOXHRIWKH3DFL¿FFRDVWVKHOO¿VKLQGXVWU\ :$7(548$/,7< YDQ6HQWHQHWDOLQUHYLHZ 6XUYH\UHVSRQVHVUHYHDOHGVLJQL¿FDQW 6WHSKDQLH 6FKROODHUW 8]1 -RKQ 0F.D\2 6KDQQRQ 0F'RQ challenges and delays in obtaining licenses and permits for shell- nellDQG1HLO%ORXJK ¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHDQGFRVWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKRVHGHOD\V7KHWRWDO 1University NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Green- costs associated with obtaining permits and licenses ($6.8 million) belt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 were greater than the costs of ongoing monitoring and compliance 20DU\ODQG 'HSDUWPHQW RI (QYLURQPHQW 6KHOO¿VK 0RQLWRULQJ RQ3DFL¿FFRDVWVKHOO¿VKIDUPV PLOOLRQ YDQ6HQWHQHWDOLQ Section, 416 Chinquapin Round Rd, Annapolis, MD 21401 review). From previous studies of regulatory costs on U.S. aquacul- 3University of Maryland, Chemistry Department, 8051 Regents ture sectors, it was observed that delays and challenges in permitting Dr, College Park, MD 20742 IRUPDEDUULHUWRHQWU\H[SDQVLRQDQGGLYHUVL¿FDWLRQ (QJOHHWDO [email protected] 2019, van Senten & Engle 2017). Using the data collected from the 5HVRXUFH PDQDJHUV ZKR PRQLWRU VKHOO¿VK EHGV QHHG UHOLDEOH VXUYH\RI3DFL¿FFRDVWVKHOO¿VKSURGXFHUVDQDQDO\VLVRIWKH information on a variety of water quality indicators at higher fre- effects of permitting delays on return on investment was performed. TXHQF\WKDQLVSRVVLEOHWKURXJK¿HOGPRQLWRULQJSURJUDPVDQGDW 6KHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHUHTXLUHVFDSLWDOLQYHVWPHQWIRUHTXLSPHQWDQG a higher level of detail than current satellite products can provide. infrastructure, in addition to operating costs for labor and produc- Three upcoming NASA satellite missions offer novel technology tion activities. Delays in permitting have a demonstrable negative to support the healthDO and safety of aquaculture sites.NOT Early warning HIIHFWRQWKHUHWXUQRQLQYHVWPHQWIRUVKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUH CITE 152 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

7+( (&2120,& ,03$&7 2) 6+(//),6+ $48$&8/ using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Starting in February 2016, sam- 785(,10$5

tissue is the hepatopancreas, causing sloughing of epithelial cells, lated from eyestalk and pericardial tissue of males and females. The QHFURVLVDQGPDVVLYHKHPRF\WHLQ¿OWUDWLRQ7RJHWDEHWWHUXQGHU- differences in transcripts length is a result of two polyadenylation standing of the hepatopancreas response during AHPND, juvenile sites present in the 3’UTR resulting in two transcription termina- shrimp, /LWRSHQDHXVYDQQDPHL were infected by immersion with V. tion signals. Transcript sequences encoded one unique protein that SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV. We performed transcriptomic mRNA sequenc- FDQEHFODVVL¿HGDV&++W\SH,EXWZLWKVRPHSDUWLFXODUFKDUDF- ing of infected shrimp hepatopancreas, at 24 hours post-infection, teristics, as a glycine insertion in the mature peptide at position 32 to identify novel differentially expressed genes. A total of 174,098 and no amidation is present in the C-terminal of the deduced amino transcripts were examined of which 915 transcripts were found acid sequence. The expression patterns show that this gene is ex- differentially expressed after comparative transcriptomic analy- pressed in eyestalk, supraesophageal ganglion (SoG), gill, gut, and sis: 442 up-regulated and 473 down-regulated transcripts. Gene heart, as well as in the terminal ampoule or spermatophore and YDV Ontology term enrichment analysis for up-regulated transcripts GHIHUHQV of males. Additionally, the expression of /YFKKwas also includes metabolic process, regulation of programmed cell death, analyzed throughout the molt cycle and the results indicated that it carbohydrate metabolic process, and biological adhesion, where- increased from early to late pre-molt in all evaluated tissues. as for down-regulated transcripts include, microtubule-based process, and chitin metabolic process. The analysis of protein- protein network between up and down-regulated genes indicates that the ¿UVW JHQH LQWHUDFWLRQV DUH FRQQHFWHG WR R[LGDWLRQSURFHVVHV DQG sarcomere organization. Protein-protein networks analysis identi- ,'(17,),&$7,21 2) 5(&(3725 5(63216,%/( )25 ¿HGWRSKLJKO\FRQQHFWHGKXEQRGHV7HQFDQGLGDWHWUDQVFULSWV %,1',1* 2) 7+( $0,1268*$56 63(&,),& /(&7,1 were selected to measure their mRNA relative expression levels in '20$,1 2) 3IR$%VP 72;,1 2) VIBRIO PARAHAEMO- AHPND infected shrimp hepatopancreas by RT-qPCR. Our results LYTICUS 72 7+( (3,7+(/,$/ 0(0%5$1( 2) 7+( indicate a close connection between the immune and metabolism 6+5,03+(3$723$1&5($6 systems during AHPND infection. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data 0DUFHOR9LFWRULR'H /RV 6DQWRV 5RGROIR /R]DQR2OYHUD1 provide the possible immunological and physiological scenario, as $YHODU0DGH-HV~V'XUiQ2-RVp/XLV6DQFKH]6DOJDGR3H well as, the molecular pathways that take place in the shrimp hepa- UH\UD$OL(GJDU=HQWHQR1RUEHUWR9LEDQFR3pUH]2DQG6R topancreas in response to an infectious disease. QLD6RWR5RGULJXH]1 1Development and Food Research Center, Aquaculture and En- vironmental Management Unit, Av. Sábalo-Cerritos S/N A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82100, México 2Autonomous University of Nayarit, Research Laboratory in &+$5$&7(5,=$7,21$1'(;35(66,213$77(5162) Molecular Biology and Immunology, Cd. de la Cultura, CEMIC 05 $1(:&++*(1()5207+(3$&,),&:+,7(6+5,03 building, Tepic, Nayarit, 63190, México LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI 3National Autonomous University of Mexico, Department of &ODXGLD 9HQWXUD/ySH] *UDFLD *yPH]$QGXUR1 )DELROD Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cd. Universitaria, 2ndÀRRU³'´ *$UFRV15D~O/OHUD+HUUHUD,OLH65DFRWWD1DQG$QD0 building, CDMX, 04510, México ,EDUUD1 [email protected] 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIB- 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV toxin PirABYS is a virulence factor NOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo exotoxin that contributing to sloughing of tubule epithelial cells de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico of shrimp in Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, an emerg- 2&HQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ &LHQWt¿FD \ GH (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU ing shrimp disease with some big losses since 2009. The PirABYS de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada 3918, C.P. subunit of the toxin is a lectin that recognizes amino-sugars that 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico mediates its attachment to cell surfaces, but to date the receptor on 3Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología- UNAM, Unidad WKHKHSDWRSDQFUHDVPHPEUDQHKDVEHHQQRLGHQWL¿HG Mazatlán, Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N Apartado Postal 811 C.P. +HUHSURWHRJO\FDQVZHUHLGHQWL¿HGDVKRVWIDFWRUVFRQWULEXWLQJ 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico to binding and probably to entry of PirABYS into the cells. The toxin [email protected] binds to one protein of approximately 100,000 Da, a proteoglycan The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family is an expressed in the membrane of hepatopancreas of shrimp. The endo- important group of neuropeptides involved in controlling growth, glycosidase treatment prevents the binding of the toxin LQYLWUR and reproduction, and stress response in decapod species. In this study, LQYLYRassays. This indicates that the sugars are very important for a new CHH containing 4 exons-3 introns was isolated from Litope- the binding of this toxin. Binding of the toxin to the hepatopancre- QDHXVYDQQDPHLDOTwo full length transcripts of thisNOT CHH were iso- atic epithelium can be reducedCITE by heparan sulfate analogues when 154 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

performing experiments on membranal proteins of hepatopancre- ,7¶6,17+(%$*7(6762)())(&762)%$*7<3(21 DVDQGVKULPS¿[HGWLVVXHDVZHOODVRQFKDOOHQJHVZLWKVKULPS 7+( 3(5)250$1&( 2) $48$&8/785(' ($67(51 These data demonstrate LQYLWUR, LQYLYRand pathological relevance 2<67(56CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA of PirABYS–proteoglycans interactions, and reveal a potential ther- :LOOLDP&:DOWRQ &DLWOLQ5RELWDLOOH6DUDK6SHOOPDQ*OHQ apeutic approach of protecting hepatopancreatic tissue by blocking &KDSOLQDQG6FRWW5LNDUG these interactions. $XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK/DERUDWRU\$JDVVL]6W'DX- phin Island, AL 36528 [email protected] Oyster farmers are presented with a number of options for types of mesh bags in which to grow oysters. To test the effect of bag type 121,19$6,9(+,*+)5(48(1&<6(1625672678'< upon the performance of eastern oysters, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, oys- 6+(//),6+(&23+<6,2/2*<,1'<1$0,&&2$67$/ ters were deployed in three types of commercially available extruded (19,5210(176 plastic 9.5 mm mesh bags: sealed, boxed and divided boxed. These 1LOV 9RONHQERUQ1 ,DQ 3 'Z\HU1 1DWKDQLHO &KHVWHU1 6DP bags were stocked at two densities (typical and high) with juvenile -*XUU6WHSKHQ-7RPDVHWWL16WHSKHQ77HWWHOEDFKDQG oysters (39.0 + 5.51 mm) and assigned in a randomized block de- &KULVWRSKHU-*REOHU1 VLJQWRUHSOLFDWHÀRDWLQJ2\VWHU*UREUDQGFDJHVDWWKH*UDQG%D\ 1Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Oyster Park (Bayou la Batre, AL, USA) in November 2018. Oysters Sciences, 145 Endeavour Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 were maintained using typical farming methods through May 2019. 2University of Rhode Island, College of the Environment and Bags were sampled in February and May with oysters collected and Life Sciences, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 analyzed (shell metrics, shell shape, weights and condition indices), 3Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, 3690 Cedar with excellent survival throughout the study. By the conclusion of Beach Rd, Southold, NY 11971 the study, bag type and stocking density interactions affected shell [email protected] height and cup, bag type alone affected fouling (measured as the time In coastal environments key abiotic variables such as tempera- WRFOHDQWKHR\VWHUV DQGWKHUHZHUHQRVLJQL¿FDQWHIIHFWVXSRQIDQ ture, dissolved oxygen, pH, and salinity can change dramatically on RUFRQGLWLRQLQGH[6SHFL¿FDOO\R\VWHUVZHUHODUJHVWLQWKHVHDOHG time scales of hours during day-night and tidal cycles. The intensity bags stocked at the typical density, while oysters had the deepest cup of short-term environmental variability and the frequency of ex- ratios in the boxed bags stocked at typical densities. Oysters in the WUHPHHYHQWVDUHH[SHFWHGWRLQFUHDVHLQFRPLQJGHFDGHV6KHOO¿VK GLYLGHGER[HGEDJVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\FOHDQHUWKDQR\VWHUVIURPWKH can cope with some degree of environmental variability, but thresh- other bag types. Based on this work, divided boxed bags (stocked at olds that relate to non-lethal stress and implications of repetitive, the high density) appeared to offer a good compromise of growth, more frequent and/or extended exposure to below-threshold condi- shell shape and reduced fouling. tions are poorly constrained. Non-invasive high-frequency sensors now allow measuring VKHOO¿VKEHKDYLRU HJYDOYHJDSLQJ DQGPHWDEROLFDFWLYLW\ HJ heartbeat rates) at temporal resolutions adequate to identify environmental thresholds and to gain insights into stress response and /22.,1*'2:17+(%$55(/2)$1(1'26&23(,1 UHFRYHU\KDELWXDWLRQHIIHFWVDQGVSHFLHVDQGSRSXODWLRQVSHFL¿F 6,*+76)5207+,57<<($562)IN VIVO INVESTIGA UHVLOLHQFHZKLFKDUHGLI¿FXOWWRGHULYHIURPWUDGLWLRQDOWLPHLQWH- 7,216216863(16,21)((',1*02//86&6 grated performance metrics. -(YDQ:DUG In this presentation LQVLWX and laboratory data of cardiac ac- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, tivity in bay scallops ($UJRSHFWHQLUUDGLDQV) will be used to show 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 the potential of non-invasive high-frequency measurements to 1) [email protected] HVWLPDWHVKHOO¿VKUHVSLUDWLRQUDWHVZLWKRXWWKHQHHGWRLVRODWHDQL- Over the past 30 years, endoscopic examination and vid- mals from their environment, 2) identify environmental thresholds eo-image analysis have provided a more in-depth understanding that induce switching between regulatory to conformer responses, of suspension-feeding processes in bivalve molluscs and other in- 3) evaluate the role of acclimation, and 4) assess the timing of en- vertebrates. Performing direct LQ YLYR observations of whole, in- ergetically demanding activities, such as spawning. Application tact feeding organs of undisturbed specimens has resolved many of non-invasive high-resolution sensors is a promising avenue for controversies, allowed for a more integrative assessment of the IXWXUHUHVHDUFKRQVSHFLHVDQGSRSXODWLRQVSHFL¿FUHVLOLHQFHZKHQ particle feeding process, and uncovered some surprising behaviors. VKHOO¿VKDUHFRQIURQWHGZLWKPXOWLSOHG\QDPLFVWUHVVRUVVLPXOWDQH- A visually appealing overview of this research will be presented ously or sequentially. Such data will be useful to inform restoration focusing on several suspension-feeding processes and their mecha- programs and aquaculture, and to improve current understanding of nisms, including the capture, transport, and ingestion of natural and VKHOO¿VKHFRORJ\LQG\QDPLFFRDVWDOHQYLURQPHQWVDO NOTsynthetic (plastic) particles. CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 155

,1*(67,21 %,2$&&808/$7,21 $1' '(385$7,21 GH[OLSLGSUR¿OHVFDUERK\GUDWHDQDO\VLVPHWDOLRQFRQFHQWUDWLRQV 2)0,&52$1'1$123/$67,&6%<2<67(56 CRAS- and protein assays. Lower lipid and glucose concentrations are ex- SOSTREA VIRGINICA $1'0866(/6 MYTILUS EDULIS pected in oysters at the Soundview site (New York), in addition to -(YDQ:DUG 9HQD+D\QHV.D\OD0ODGLQLFK7\OHU*ULI¿Q higher metal concentrations and lower condition indices, as this site DQG%ULGJHW$+RORKDQ has the greatest density of surrounding human population and thus University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, is assumed to experience the most severe pollution. By contrast, the 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 Mullica River site (New Jersey) is assumed to be the least polluted [email protected] and thus is expected to have higher levels of lipids and glucose along Plastic debris is introduced into the oceans through anthropo- with higher condition indices and lower metal ion concentrations. genic waste. Large plastic material fragments into microplastic Oysters from the Barnegat Bay site (New Jersey) will likely have (MP; < 5mm) and nanoplastic (NP; < 100nm) particles via weath- intermediate concentrations of each parameter. The protein assays ering and UV degradation. Studies have shown that MP and NP DUHQRWH[SHFWHGWR\LHOGVLJQL¿FDQWOHYHOVRIYDULDWLRQDPRQJVLWHV negatively affect marine animals on an organ and cellular level. The results of this study may provide insight on the practicality of Despite the potential for exposure and toxicological effects, the oyster reef restoration as a mechanism for habitat revival. uptake and accumulation of MP and NP by benthic animals, such as suspension-feeding bivalves, is largely unexplored. This study H[DPLQHGWKHXSWDNHDQGGHSXUDWLRQRIÀXRUHVFHQWSRO\VW\UHQH03 and NP by the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, and blue mussel 0\WLOXVHGXOLV. Bivalves were exposed to a 0.1 mg/L/hr con- ())(&72)',(7$1'7(03(5$785(21*21$'(1 centration of either MP or NP for two weeks and then allowed to +$1&(0(17$1':$67('(326,7,21)257+(5(' GHSXUDWHIRURQHZHHNLQ¿OWHUHGVHDZDWHU7KURXJKRXWWKHZHHN 6($85&+,1 MESOCENTROTUS FRANCISCANUS 1 1 experiment, animals were fed a standard microalgal diet. Feces (PLO\0:DUUHQ 0DUN)ODKHUW\ 6WHSKHQ)&URVV DQG were collected daily and replicate oysters and mussels sampled and &KULVWRSKHU03HDUFH frozen at the end of each week for later analysis. Tissue and feces 1University of Victoria, Department of Geography, 3800 Fin- VDPSOHVZHUHDQDO\]HGYLDDVFDQQLQJÀXRUHVFHQFHVSHFWURSKRWRP- nerty Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2 Canada HWHUDQGFRQFHQWUDWLRQRISODVWLFTXDQWL¿HG2YHUDOOELYDOYHVLQ- 23DFL¿F%LRORJLFDO6WDWLRQ)LVKHULHVDQG2FHDQV&DQDGD gested a higher mass of MP than NP, and both plastic particles were Hammond Bay Rd., Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7 Canada rapidly depurated over several days. No bioaccumulation of plastic [email protected] particles was detected after 14 days of exposure. Results from this When sea urchin population growth is uncontrolled, they can study will be used to develop biokinetic models of uptake and elim- over-graze and decimate macroalgal beds, creating areas termed “ur- ination of MP and NP by bivalves, and have important implications chin barrens”. Sea urchin gonad enhancement is a proposed method for assessing internal exposure, toxic effects, and trophic transfer to remove sea urchins from barren grounds, promote the re-growth of macroalgal beds, and produce a highly-valued marketable product. Prepared feeds need to be developed that not only increase gonad \LHOG EXW DOVR LPSDUW DSSURSULDWH PDUNHW FRORXU DQG ÀDYRXU )RU sea-based enhancement, there may be benthic impacts due to organ- ,03$&76 2) $17+5232*(1,& 32//87,21 ,1 1(: ic enrichment from uneaten feed and faeces, but this has not been -(56(<$1' 1(:<25. (678$5,(6 217+( 3+<6, examined before. This project assessed the effects of two prepared 2/2*<2)CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA diets (V10.1.9 and V10.1.10) and a natural feed (bull kelp, 1HUHR- .HOVH\0:DUG &KULVWLQH7KRPSVRQ(OL]DEHWK3ROORFNDQG F\VWLVOXHWNHDQD) and three seawater temperatures (8, 12, and 16oC) 6DUDK*UD\ on gonad yield/quality for the red (0HVRFHQWURWXV IUDQFLVFDQXV) Stockton University, Department of Marine Science, 101 Vera sea urchin held under laboratory conditions for 12 weeks. Red ur- King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205 chins fed V10.1.10 at 12 oC had the highest gonad yields out of all [email protected] the treatments, while the red urchins fed kelp at 8oC had the low- Anthropogenic pollution in coastal ecosystems can alter the est yields. The gonad colour was better overall with the red urchins JURZWKDQGUHSURGXFWLRQRIHVWXDULQHRUJDQLVPVDQG¿OWHUIHHGHUV fed V10.1.10, with the best colour obtained at 16oC. Ingestion rate, such as oysters are especially susceptible to environmental condi- and faecal pellet size and settling velocity were also measured and tions. In this experiment, differences in the physiology of the eastern will subsequently be used in a waste deposition model (along with oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFDwere analyzed at three sites in New various oceanographic variables of a proposed site) to predict the York and New Jersey with varying levels of contamination. The pa- potential environmental impact a commercial-scale sea urchin farm rameters usedDO to assess the health of the oysters were:NOT condition in- could have. CITE 156 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

5(/$7,216+,36 %(7:((1 6&,(1&( 32/,&< $1' sion will include the process for pulling together partners behind 32/,7,&6 ,1 7+( ())(&7,9( '(9(/230(17 2) a single large objective, setting success criteria, tributary-scale 6+(//),6+$48$&8/785( restoration goal setting, and science-driven planning, implementa- 'RQDOG::HEVWHU tion, and monitoring, as well as lessons learned and evaluation of University of Maryland, College of Agriculture & Natural Re- ecosystem services and economic impact for portions of the effort. sources, Wye Research and Education Center, PO Box 169, Queen- stown, MD 21658 [email protected] 6KHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHRIIHUVVLJQL¿FDQWEHQH¿WVIRUHFRQRPLFDQG employment growth, especially in rural waterfront communities, 1(: */2%$/ *8,'(/,1(6 )25 6+(//),6+ 5(() ZKLOHDLGLQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWWKURXJKELR¿OWUDWLRQDQGQXWULHQWF\- 5(6725$7,21 cling. However, because farming activities of bivalves are largely 6WHSKDQLH :HVWE\1 -DPHV )LW]VLPRQV 6LPRQ %UDQLJDQ2 FDUULHGRXWRQSXEOLFO\RZQHGODQGVVLJQL¿FDQWSROLF\DQGSROLWLFDO 5REHUW'%UXPEDXJK47HLQ0F'RQDOG53KLOLQH6(]X(U issues affect decisions concerning where it may be allowed and what PJDVVHQ6%U\DQ0'H$QJHOLV7/DXUD*HVHOEUDFKW&KULV/ production practices must be followed. These may be counter to the *LOOLHV2%R]H+DQFRFN7$QGUHZ-HIIV,DQ0F/HRG%HUQD EHVWSUDFWLFHVUHTXLUHGIRUFUHDWLQJVXFFHVVIXODQGSUR¿WDEOHDTXD- GHWWH3RJRGD116HWK7KHXHUNDXI12DQG0DULQH7KRPDV culture ventures. Protests from commercial and recreational users 1National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 200 Harry of public waters, riparian property owners and other members of the S. Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 public occur frequently, which may delay or negate business creation. 2The Nature Conservancy, Suite 2-01, 60 Leicester Street, Carl- Laws and regulations enacted with minimal input from scientists or ton VIC 3053, Australia growers often results in situations that minimize investment in the 3Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Scienc- LQGXVWU\RUDIIHFWVWKHSUR¿WDELOLW\RIH[LVWLQJIDUPLQJEXVLQHVVHV es, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia The presentation includes information gathered through the 4The Nature Conservancy, 255 Alhambra Circle, Suite 640, author’s experiences in multiple states over several decades of Coral Gables, FL, 33134 analyzing restrictive laws and policies and developing recommen- 5Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia, Australia GDWLRQVWRFUHDWHSUR¿WDEOHEXVLQHVVHVZKLOHUHFRJQL]LQJDOWHUQD- 6 University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Changing tive uses and protecting the environment. It includes a discussion Oceans Group, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh on the interactive relationship between public policy and politics, EH9 3FE, United Kingdom ZKLFKPD\EHDIIHFWHGE\VFLHQWL¿FLQSXW/HYHOVRIUHJXODWLRQWKDW 7The Nature Conservancy, c/o University of Rhode Island Grad- FDQDIIHFWVKHOO¿VKEXVLQHVVHVDUHSURYLGHGZLWKUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV uate School of Oceanography, regarding policies that should be avoided when creating effective 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882 leasing programs. These are presented based on experience gained 8The Nature Conservancy, 2500 Maitland Center Pkwy #311, by creating goals and researching obstacles to be avoided to devel- Maitland, FL 32751 RSSUR¿WDEOHEXVLQHVVHV 9Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 10James Cook University, TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Townsville, Queensland, Australia /$5*(6&$/(2<67(55(6725$7,21,17+(&+(6 11Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Ma- $3($.(%$<86$ rine Research, nAm Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Ger- 6WHSKDQLH5:HVWE\ many National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Restoration 127KH1DWXUH&RQVHUYDQF\:RUOGZLGH2I¿FH1)DLUID[ Center, 200 Harry S. Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21403 Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 [email protected] 13The Nature Conservancy, Unit 2107-08 Prosperity Millennia This presentation will be an overview of the large-scale, collab- Plaza, 663 King’s Road, North Point, Hong Kong orative, Chesapeake Bay oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) restoration [email protected] effort that NOAA, US Army Corps of Engineers, state natural re- When The Nature Conservancy and National Oceans and At- source management agencies in Maryland and Virginia, and sever- PRVSKHULF$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ¿UVWSXEOLVKHGDSUDFWLWLRQHU¶VJXLGHLQ al non-governmental organizations and academic institutions have VKHOO¿VKUHHIUHVWRUDWLRQZDVVWLOOLQLWVLQIDQF\DQGSUDFWLFHG undertaken. Since 2011, the work has resulted in more than 800 largely in the United States. Over the past decade, restoration has acres restored,DO and more than $55 million has beenNOT spent. Discus- expanded and matured with smallCITE and large-scale projects through- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 157

RXW$VLD3DFL¿F(XURSHDQGWKH$PHULFDV:LWKWKLVH[SDQVLRQD each subpopulation. Due to the stability of these populations and host of different environmental and logistical challenges face prac- associating phage, they can facilitate rapid tracing of clinical ST36 titioners, yet expansion also provides new opportunities for innova- isolates and allow a better understanding of the movement of these tive research and shared learning. SDWKRJHQVWKURXJKGLIIHUHQWORFDWLRQV7KHVH¿QGLQJVH[HPSOLI\D Colleagues from around the globe have collaborated to produce SRWHQWLDO UROH IRU ¿ODPHQWRXV SKDJH WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH DGDSWDELOLW\ DQXSGDWHGSXEOLFDWLRQFDOOHG³5HVWRUDWLRQ*XLGHOLQHVIRU6KHOO¿VK and competitiveness of emergent pathogenic lineages. This study Reefs”, drawing on experiences and lessons learned. Key elements also paves the way for functional analyses to better understand RIWKH*XLGHLQFOXGH PDNLQJWKHFDVHIRUVKHOO¿VKUHVWRUDWLRQ the role of Inoviruses in the dynamics of evolution and pandemic and identifying potential funding, 2) planning, feasibility and goal spread of environmentally transmitted pathogens. setting, 3) biosecurity and permitting, 4) restoration in practice, 5) scaling up from pilot to larger-scale restoration, 6) monitoring, 7) UHVWRUDWLRQEH\RQGR\VWHUUHHIV VSHFL¿FDOO\PXVVHOV DQG VXF- FHVVIXOFRPPXQLFDWLRQIRUVKHOO¿VKUHHIUHVWRUDWLRQSURMHFWV The Guide has contributing authors from New Zealand, Austra- '(9(/23,1* 683(5,25 2<67(56 CRASSOSTREA lia, Hong Kong/China, USA and Europe. This presentation aims VIRGINICA )25 +,*+ 6$/,1,7< (19,5210(176 ,1 to introduce restoration practitioners to the revised Guide and its &2$67$/%$<62)1(:-(56(< content. 0LFKDHO:KLWHVLGH1 6DP5DWFOLII13DWULFLD:RRGUXII11LFROH 'HFN1=KHQZHL:DQJ1'DQ=HQJ1'DSKQH0XQURH1/LVD0 5DJRQH&DOYR1'DYLG%XVKHN10LFKDHO'H/XFD2DQG;LPLQJ *XR1 15XWJHUV7KH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ-HUVH\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK 3+$*(+267 ,17(5$&7,216 6+$3(' 7+( 1$7,9( Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, 673238/$7,2168&&(66,21,17+(3$&,),&$1' 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 08/7,3/(,19$6,216,1727+(1257+$7/$17,& 2Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey &KHU\O $ :KLVWOHU -LOOLDQ 0HDQV 5DQGL )R[DOO 0HJKDQ Aquaculture Innovation Center, 3920 Bayshore Road, North Cape +DUWZLFNDQG6WHSKHQ-RQHV May, NJ 08204 University of New Hampshire, Northeast Center for Vibrio Dis- [email protected] ease and Ecology, 46 College Road, Durham NH 03824 Large areas of high-salinity coastal waters of New Jersey and [email protected] the northeast are well suited for the culture of oysters and oth- 7KHLQWURGXFWLRQRID3DFL¿FHQGHPLFOLQHDJHRI9LEULRSDUD- er bivalve species. In New Jersey, oyster breeding has targeted KDHPRO\WLFXV called sequence type (ST) 36 into the North Atlantic, moderate-salinity environments as oyster farming has mostly been by an as yet unknown mechanism, caused a steep rise in illnesses limited to sites in Delaware Bay. In order to support existing and from multiple aquaculture areas along the US Atlantic coast, re- expanded cultivation in coastal bays, a long-term breeding program quiring intensive and proactive management to reduce disease risk. to improve performance of Rutgers disease-resistant stocks in high Thus far, accurate constructions of the dynamic of spread and es- salinity was initiated in 2019. Spawns were conducted in June to tablishment of new populations were hindered by a lack of accurate produce northern, southern, and New Jersey lines and their hybrid information linking infections to geographic locations. Through crosses using high salinity oysters from Maine to South Carolina. the cooperation of multiple agencies in the Northeast US, we have Larvae produced for each line were cultured in parallel in seawa- amassed an extensive collection of ST36 strains bridging critical ter of salinities of 28-30 and 22-25. All groups grew faster and temporal and geographic gaps in coverage of prior studies. Popula- reached metamorphosis sooner at low salinity, but generally sur- WLRQSK\ORJHQRPLFVDQDO\VLVUHYHDOHGDGUDPDWLFVKXIÀLQJLQFRQ- vived better at high salinity. In November, four standard replicate WHQWRI¿ODPHQWRXVSURSKDJHYLUXVHVLQWKHIDPLO\,QRYLULGDH (ino- culture bags from each of seven crosses were stocked with 500 seed viruses) that form persistent non-lethal infections, occurred during each and deployed at three sites in Barnegat Bay to be maintained SRSXODWLRQH[SDQVLRQ6SHFL¿FDOO\HOLPLQDWLRQRIDSURSKDJHWKDW by industry partners for two years. Sampling will occur four times was stably maintained by the endemic ST36 clonal complex for de- per year to evaluate survival, growth, and meat quality, and disease FDGHVOLNHO\SUHHPSWHGOLQHDJHGLYHUVL¿FDWLRQLQWKH3DFL¿F1RUWK- status will be compared among groups in years two and three. It is west. Subsequently, at least seven distinct ST36 progenitors suc- K\SRWKHVL]HGWKDWRQHRUPRUHRIWKHK\EULGVZLOOSHUIRUPVLJQL¿- cessfully translocated into the Atlantic, giving rise to at least four cantly better than the local New Jersey stock due to hybrid vigor clonal, geographically stable, and non-mixing subpopulations. The and a combination of desired traits such as thermal tolerance and successful founders of two Atlantic sub-populations that repeated- disease resistance. ly give rise DOto infections acquired new inoviruses NOT diagnostic for CITE 158 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

(9$/8$7,212)7(0325$/3$77(5162)&+5202 synthesis in the crustacean Y-organ is mainly under the negative 620$//266,1)$0,/,(62)7(75$3/2,'2<67(56 control of the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), one of the type II CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA peptides of the CHH family. Seven tandemly duplicated MIH genes %ULWWDQ\0:ROIH DQG$PL(:LOEXU ZLWKKLJKVHTXHQFHVLPLODULW\ZHUHLGHQWL¿HG7KLVPLJKWIDFLOLWDWH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 1RUWK &DUROLQD:LOPLQJWRQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK the coexpression and cofunctionality of these genes during molt- Hatchery, Center for Marine Science, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, ing. Besides, type I peptides of the CHH family are also known Wilmington, NC 28409 to suppress ecdysteroidogenesis in the Y-organ, though at a higher [email protected] dose than MIH. The decline in the wild oyster stocks over the past several Recently, two crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) decades has created a surge in the oyster aquaculture industry in genes (LvCHH1 and LvCHH2) and their putative receptor gua- recent years to supplement the production of oysters for human Q\ODWHF\FODVH /Y*& ZHUHLGHQWL¿HGLQ/YDQQDPHL. LvCHH1 consumption. Triploid oysters are desirable in the oyster industry and LvCHH2 belonged to CHH subfamily I members and LvGC due to their faster growth and reduced gamete production, allow- was a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase. They were all differing them to be sold year-round. Tetraploid oysters are polyploid, entially expressed in eyestalks and gonads of males and females. meaning they possess more than 2 sets of chromosomes, and are RNA interference (RNAi) of either LvCHH1 or LvCHH2 increased essential to the production of triploid oysters. Chromosome insta- LvIAG expression, while injection of their recombinant protein de- bility is a fundamental aspect of polyploidy and can be challenging creased LvIAG expression, indicating that LvCHH1 and LvCHH2 for tetraploid breeding programs. This study investigated the tem- are inhibitory factors of LvIAG expression. poral patterns of chromosome loss, also referred to as reversion, in individual oysters by sampling hemolymph from each oyster every six weeks over an eight-month period. Growth was assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment while mortality was monitored each sampling period. A large mortality event (75% mortali- 7:2+267'()(16($662&,$7('3527(,1)$0,/,(6 ty) occurred half way through the experiment due to the effects of 5()/(&7,1*&+$//(1*(672)81&7,21$/*(120 Hurricane Florence in September 2018. Chromosomal loss was as- ,&65(6($5&+,102//86&6 VHVVHGIRUHDFKVDPSOLQJSHULRGE\ÀRZLQJKHPRO\PSKVDPSOHVRQ 4LQJJDQJ;XH DÀRZF\WRPHWHU3UHOLPLQDU\REVHUYDWLRQVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHR\VWHUV Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, experienced chromosome loss over time. Data analysis is ongoing, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli and the results will be presented. University, Ningbo 315100, China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China [email protected] &+$5$&7(5,67,&6 2) 7+( &5867$&($1 +<3(5 'LVHDVH LQÀLFWHG PRUWDOLWLHV UHSUHVHQW DQ LPSRUWDQW WKUHDW WR */<&(0,& +25021( &++ *(1(6 $1' 7+(,5 many native and aquacultural molluscs. The research on mollus- )81&7,216 ,1 7+( 352&(66(6 2) 02/7,1* $1' can host defense is partially motived by the expectation that un- 0$/( 6(;8$/ ',))(5(17,$7,21 ,1 LITOPENAEUS derstanding the survival mechanisms of animals under pathogenic VANNAMEI damages may help with the development of effective strategies -LDQKDL;LDQJ for controlling major molluscan epizootics. Two protein families Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nan- apparently involved in mollusc host defense, the I84 family of hai Road, 266071, Qingdao, China protease inhibitors and the dominin-related proteins belonging to [email protected] the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) family, were found The neuropeptides of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone recently after a series of study on oyster hemolymph proteins. The (CHH) superfamily are known to control a number of important I84 protease inhibitor family consists of novel proteins that are functions ranging from energy metabolism, molting, osmoregula- DVVXPLQJO\HYROYHGLQ0ROOXVFDE\OLQHDJHVSHFL¿FJHQHH[SDQ- tion to reproduction. Decoding the /LWRSHQDHXVYDQQDPHL genome sion and there are lines of evidence for their involvement in host QRWRQO\SURYLGHVDQLQVLJKWLQWRWKHJHQHWLFIRXQGDWLRQRIVSHFL¿F defense against pathogenic invasion and perhaps abiotic stressors. biological processes, but also provides valuable information for The dominin-related proteins constitute the most abundant protein enhancing crustacean aquaculture. In/YDQQDPHL, a striking ex- in oyster plasma and are homologous to the extracellular type of pansion of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family Cu/Zn-SOD. The ancestral gene of the dominin related proteins underpins the DOcontrol of the enhanced ecdysone function.NOT Ecdysone seemed to occur before the CITEspeciation of Mollusca but has gone 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 159

WKURXJK VLJQL¿FDQW JHQH H[SDQVLRQ DQG IXQFWLRQDO GLYHUJHQFH LQ %(<21' %,2(;75$&7,21 7+( 52/( 2) 2<6 certain bivalve species. In oysters, for example, the evolution has 7(50(',$7(' '(1,75,),&$7,21 ,1 1875,(17 resulted in the loss of SOD enzyme activity and the acquisition of MANAGEMENT increased metal binding capacity. Results of studies on the two pro- &KHVWHU =DUQRFK1 .DWH 0XOYDQH\2 6X]DQQH $\YD]LDQ2 tein families indicated the complexity and uniqueness of molluscan 0RQLFD3DOWD6HDQ0F1DOO\4-XOLH5HLFKHUW1JX\HQ5$UURQ KRVWGHIHQVH,QWKHPHDQWLPHWKH\UHÀHFWHGWKHFKDOOHQJHVDQG -RQHV6 0DUJDUHW 3LODUR7 *UHWFKHQ 0F&DUWK\ &KLS 7HUU\ limitations of the ortholog conjecture-based approaches and the ne- DQG5RELQVRQ:)XOZHLOHU cessity for the complement of functional genomics by traditional 1Baruch College, City University of New York, 17 Lexington technologies in molluscan research. Ave., NYC, NY 10010 2U.S. EPA, ORD, CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sci- ences Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett RI 02882 3Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038 4University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Bos- 5(9(56(75$16&5,37$6( 5(/$7(' *(1(6 $1' ton, MA 02125 75$16,7,210(7$/675(665(63216( 512$$ &KHVDSHDNH %D\ 2I¿FH 672 Independence Pkwy, ,ULQD

7+( ())(&7 2) ',))(5,1* )22'75($70(176 21 tory of blue crabs varies latitudinally as they display an increasing 7+((1(5*<%8'*(72)7+(6($85&+,1ARBACIA duration of winter dormancy from lowest to highest latitudes. In PUNCTULATA fact, blue crabs have year-round activity without winter dorman- 0D['=DYHOO1 DQG&ROHHQ6XFNOLQJ2 cy in tropical locations. The &VDSLGXV reovirus 1 (CsRV1) is a 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- SDWKRJHQLFYLUXV¿UVWGLVFRYHUHGLQ1RUWK$WODQWLFEOXHFUDEVDQG es, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881 later observed in blue crabs in Southern Brazil. However, little is 2University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal known about the CsRV1 prevalence at lower latitudinal locations and Veterinary Sciences, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI or in overwintering blue crabs. This study aimed to investigate how 02881 latitudinal variability in the life history of &VDSLGXV affects CsRV1 [email protected] prevalence and to determine CsRV1 prevalence in overwintering The Atlantic purple sea urchin ($UEDFLDSXQFWXODWD) is a com- blue crabs. Active blue crabs were collected from different loca- mon species found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. tions from Massachusetts, USA to Uruguay, and winter dormant While, $SXQFWXODWD is a common model species for toxicology FUDEVZHUHDOVRFROOHFWHGIURP¿YHORFDWLRQVRIWKH0LG$WODQWLF work, little research has been conducted to determine if there is po- FRDVW 86$ &V59LQIHFWLRQV ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG XVLQJ TXDQWLWDWLYH tential for this species for commercial production. The availability polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with RNA extracted from crab RIHPHUJLQJQHZVHDXUFKLQGLHWV HJ1R¿PD PD\SUHVHQWQHZ PXVFOH,QWHUHVWLQJO\&V59SUHYDOHQFHZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHU opportunities for potential exploitation of this species. Sea urchin in blue crabs with longer winter dormancy at temperate locations gonads are considered a delicacy around the world, especially in than in year-round active crabs at subtropical and tropical locations. -DSDQZKHUH¿UP\HOORZRUDQJHJRQDGVDUHWKHPRVWSUL]HG6HD In addition, CsRV1 prevalence of winter collections of & VDSL- urchins have been shown to generally cope well with future climate GXV from the Mid-Atlantic coast was lower than the prevalence in the FKDQJH HJRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ VRLGHQWLI\LQJQHZVSHFLHVIRUH[- same locations during summer. These results indicate that CsRV1 ploitation is worthwhile for meeting global demand. prevalence in wild blue crabs is affected by the host life history This study utilized four different diets 1) a commercial sea ur- and could help scientists better understand the interactions between chin diet, 2) dried macroalage (8OYDODFWXFD), 3) a commercial ti- pathogen and host under different environmental conditions. lapia diet, and 4) a commercial salmon diet. An energy budget was GHYHORSHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHHI¿FLHQF\RIJURZWKRIWKHVHVHDXU- chins when fed under these dietary regimes. This presentation will discuss the resulting somatic and gonadal growth, marketable attributes, and energy budgets and identify whether these new emerging *(120( 6(48(1&,1*$1'$66(0%/< 675$7(*,(6 diets present a potential for commercialization for $SXQFWXODWD )2512102'(/0$5,1(25*$1,606 $OHNVH\9=LPLQ Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engi- neering, 3100 Wyman Park Drive, Wyman Park Building, Room S220, Baltimore, MD 21211 35(9$/(1&( 2) 7+( 3$7+2*(1,& 9,586 CALL- [email protected] INECTES SAPIDUS 5(29,586 &659 $&5266 7+( The cost of genome sequencing has come down tremendously 75$16+(0,63+(5,&+267',675,%87,21 in the past decade. The variety of available sequencing data types 0LQJOL=KDR 'RQDOG%HKULQJHU-DPLH%RMNR$QGUHZ6 has increased as well. Data ranging from short accurate reads by Il- .RXJK5/RXLV3ORXJK6DQG(ULF-6FKRWW lumina sequencing to long high error reads from Oxford Nanopore 1Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 Pratt DQG3DFL¿F%LRVFLHQFHVDQGDYDULHW\RISDLUHGUHDGW\SHVLQFOXG- Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 ing linked reads and proximity ligation data can now be used for 2University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Cir, genome projects. The long reads are essential for genome contigu- Baltimore, MD 21250 ity, because they can resolve repeats in genomes, however they are 3University of Florida, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7922 not easy to use: their error rates vary between 8-15%. They can NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 be combined with accurate Illumina reads to produce high quality 4University of Florida, Emerging Pathogens Institute, 7922 NW consensus sequence. The paired reads can then be used for linking 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653 the assembled contiguous fragments into chromosome-sized scaf- 5Shedd Aquarium, 1200 S Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 folds. 6University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, In this presentation the genome sequencing and assembly pro- 2020 Horns Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 cess will be described and the utility of the various data types for [email protected] the assembly projects will be explained. The strengths and the The blue crab, &DOOLQHFWHVVDSLGXV, has a broad latitudinal dis- weaknesses of different sequencing technologies will be pointed tribution fromDO tropical locations into the temperate NOT zone. Life his- out and guidelines will be suggestedCITE to make genome project a suc- 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 161

cess. The latest genome assemblers will be discussed with their $0(5,&$1 /2%67(5 HOMARUS AMERICANUS $1' strengths and weaknesses described. In the end the results from -21$+ &5$% CANCER BOREALIS 5(/$7,9( $%81 several recent genome projects will be summarized to show real '$1&( $1' 6,=( 6758&785( ,1 7+( 9,1(<$5' life examples of data and resulting assemblies. :,1'/($6($5($ $OH[DQGHU=\JPXQW .\OH&DVVLG\DQG.HYLQ6WRNHVEXU\ University of Massachusetts Dartmouth School for Marine Sci- ence and Technology (SMAST), 836 S. Rodney French Blvd., New Bedford, MA 02744 $ 08/7,3$5$6,7($3352$&+ 72 81'(567$1',1* [email protected] %/$&.*,//,1:+,7(6+5,03 PENAEUS SETIFERUS Planned offshore wind development in the United States is 6DUDK5=XLGHPD 0LFKDHO5.HQGULFN1,VDXUHGH%XURQ2 UDSLGO\ H[SDQGLQJ OHDYLQJ ¿VKHUPHQ PDQDJHPHQW DQG UHODWHG 5REHUW'3RGROVN\2DQG3HWHU5.LQJVOH\6PLWK1 LQGXVWULHVFRQFHUQHGRYHUQHZPRGL¿FDWLRQWRWKHPDULQHHQYLURQ- 1Marine Resources Research Institute, 217 Fort Johnson Road, ment. A lack of data that evaluate species abundance in relation South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston SC WRWKHRIIVKRUHZLQGLQGXVWU\FUHDWHVFRQFHUQZLWKLQWKH¿VKLQJ 29412 research, and management communities. The Vineyard Wind lease 2Grice Marine Laboratory, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Department area, 13nm Southeast of Martha’s Vineyard, MA, is the next site to of Biology, College of Charleston, SC 29412 undergo development. The project will introduce 84-turbines (each [email protected] with scour protection) to the soft-sediment environment; potential- The white shrimp (3HQDHXVVHWLIHUXV ¿VKHU\FRQVWLWXWHVDKLJK- ly creating new habitat for commercially harvested crustaceans. O\YDOXDEOH¿VKHU\LQ6RXWK&DUROLQD%HJLQQLQJLQDFRQGL- To detect impacts to targeted species, the Massachusetts Lobs- tion known as black gill increased in prevalence in white shrimp termen’s Association, Vineyard Wind, and SMAST collaboratively throughout the South Atlantic Bight (SAB). Black gill is the out- began monitoring American lobster and Jonah crab populations in come of an immune response in crustaceans caused by gill irritants, the area. A survey was designed that pairs standardized Atlantic including fungi and bacteria. This recent epidemic appears to be States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASFMC) ventless trap sam- associated with the presence of an apostome ciliate on the gills of pling protocol with a Before-After-Control-Impact analysis. The shrimp, coincident with impaired physiological performance. Par- aim is to establish a multi-year baseline for future comparisons; asites impact host growth, reproduction, immunity, and behavior. year 1 baseline sampling was conducted from July-October 2019. It is unclear, however, how parasites other than the ciliate may re- Along with the area designated for impact, an adjacent control late to black gill and how they may impact white shrimp health. DUHDZDVLGHQWL¿HG7KHWZRDUHDVZHUHVDPSOHGDWVLPLODULQWHQVL- The objectives of this study are to: 1) assess variability in parasite ties and evaluated for differences in lobster and Jonah crab relative communities across shrimp life history and 2) examine variation in abundance and size structure. Models were created to relate devia- parasite communities within black gill and non-black gill shrimp. tions in lobster and Jonah crab CPUE to measured variables. This 3DUDVLWHFRPPXQLWLHVLQFOXGHGÀDWZRUPURXQGZRUPSURWLVWDQG unique opportunity also allows for observation of the offshore lob- microsporidian species. Multivariate analyses revealed differences ster resource not typically examined by ASMFC surveys conducted in parasite communities between tidal creek and harbor locations within state waters. and across shrimp life-stages, a shift which was coincident with the appearance of black gill. Multivariate analyses also showed differences in parasite communities between black gill and non-black JLOOVKULPS7KHVH¿QGLQJVFRQWULEXWHWRXQGHUVWDQGLQJKRZSDUD- site communities relate to shrimp life history and black gill, and '(9(/230(17$/ $1' %(+$9,25$/ &+$1*(6 2) how they may impact shrimp harvests in the SAB. 7+( :+,7( 6+5,03 LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, UN '(57+((;32685(2)3+(1

viously observed in the environment, on white shrimp /LWRSHQDHXV ($67&2$671257+(5148$+2* +$5'&/$0 6( VHWLIHUXV (initially averaging 0.80 ± 0.08 g/shrimp). Compared with /(&7,9(%5((',1*&2//$%25$7,9( WKHFRQWUROVXUYLYRUVKLSRIVKULPSRYHUGD\VGHFOLQHGVLJQL¿- %DVVHP$OODP1 (PPDQXHOOH3DOHV(VSLQRVD16DUDK)DUKDW1 cantly at the higher concentration treatments. Growth was affected $UQDXG7DQJX\2.LPEHUO\5HHFH+XLSLQJ

7+(%2:'2,1&2//(*(6&+,//(5&2$67$/678' per bioassay in 700 mL of seawater of 28 salinity in controlled ,(6&(17(5 conditions; three replicates per treatment consisting of inocula- Steven Allen tion of one bacterial strain killed by heat per experimental unit: Bowdoin College, Shiller Coastal Studies Center, 240 Bayview (VFKHULFKLD FROL (ATCC 25922), 6WDSK\ORFRFFXV DXUHXV (ATCC Rd., Orr’s Island, ME 04066 25923), %DFLOOXV VXEWLOLV (ATCC 6051), 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV [email protected] (ATCC 17802), and a control group without application of bac- The Center consists of 118 acres of mostly coastal forest, and in- teria. It was found that 9LEULR and %DFLOOXV promote a high per- cludes 2.5 miles of undeveloped shoreline. After remaining a coastal centage of hatching and survival of nauplii after challenge with V. farmstead for over 150 years, it was developed by Bowdoin College SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV. Based on these results, a kinetic of stimulation for research and teaching in 1998 as the “Coastal Studies Center.” was carried out during embryonic development until hatching to Improvements included the addition of a small Marine Laboratory determine the expression of the genes involved in the immune re- ZLWKÀRZLQJVHDZDWHUD5HVHDUFK3LHUDVRODUSRZHUHG7HUUHVWULDO sponse and development during stimulation. Apparently different Laboratory, and renovations of an existing Farmhouse. From 1998 stimuli could generate a differential pattern of gene expression e.g. to 2013, the Center has been primarily used by Bowdoin faculty and 9LEULR induced a strong effector immune response while %DFLOOXV a students in the departments of Biology and Earth and Ocean Sci- SURWHFWLYHLPPXQHSUR¿OH,QDGGLWLRQHDFKUHVSRQVHLVWULJJHUHG ences; and the Environmental Studies Program. Students and fac- by molecular patterns detected in the environment. These results ulty from the Visual Arts department have also done landscape and suggest that embryonic cells can participate in an effective immune marine science visual studies at the Center. Renovation of existing response and the priming can be generated by different activation laboratory and teaching spaces, and the addition of new technical routes depending on the strain used to result in improvement of the DQG¿HOGFDSDELOLWLHVKDVVXSSRUWHGWKHVHDFWLYLWLHV$UHFHQW immunocompetence of the hatched larvae. million gift from the Schiller Family is building new facilities to support increased activities, including a new dry laboratory, conference center, and a set of residential cabins for students and visitors.

$66(660(17 2) 7+( 2;,'$7,9( 675(66 $1' %,275$16)250$7,21 (1=<0$7,& ())(&76 2) */<3+26$7((;32685(217+(3$&,),&:+,7(/(* ,1'8&7,212),11$7(,0081(0(025<,1:+,7( 6+5,03PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI /(* 6+5,03 PENAEUS (LITOPENAEUS) VANNAMEI, &KLQQDLDK$PXWKD DQG'KDUVKDQD'LQHVK (0%5<26 Madurai Kamaraj University, Department of Animal Behaviour $QJpOLFD$OYDUH]/HH1 6HUJLR)0DUWtQH]'tD]1-HVXV1HIWDOt and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai-625021, *XWLpUUH]5LYHUD2DQG+XPEHUWR/DQ]0HQGR]D Tamilnadu, India 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro Interdisciplinario de [email protected] Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional SN, Playa Aquatic organisms have self-defense mechanisms that natu- Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico rally protect them from the actions of chemicals such as the her- 2Centro de investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mar Berme- bicide and antimicrobial Glyphosate. The changes in expression jo 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S., 23090, levels of different types of enzymes could be used as biomarkers Mexico of exposure such as hepatopancreatic cytochrome P450-associat- 3Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad ed enzyme activity. It is also possible that the rate of release of No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased during exposure and Caminera Cuernavaca, MOR 62100, Mexico the defense mechanisms occurred in the cell because of rapid ox- [email protected] idation, reduction, hydroxylation and dealkylation reactions. The The immune response in marine invertebrates of aquaculture effect of Glyphosate exposure was examined to assess the oxida- importance is widely studied to generate strategies for the pre- tive stress and biotransformationon 3YDQQDPHL post larval stage vention and control of viral and bacterial diseases. Aquaculture collected from commercial farms. After measuring body length industry towards sustainability is focused on immunomodulation (1.760 ±0.197cm) and weight (0.629±0.081g) they were divided helping to prevent and control infections. In this work, “immune into groups (n=25/tank): control, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm 40 ppm training” during the period of embryonic development until hatch- and 50 ppm glyphosate concentrations for 24 hours. Water quality ing on shrimp 3HQDHXV(/LWRSHQDHXV)YDQQDPHLwas studied. The was maintained at pH 7.8, salinity of 32, and a temperature of 27- experimental assay was carried out with mass spawning in a larvae 28ºC throughout the study. Tissue samples were collected every 6 farm productionDO laboratory. Approximately 4,500NOT eggs were used hr, hepatopancreas removed CITE for enzymatic reactions. The levels of 164 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glu- $ &203$5,621 2) 7+( )(&$/ $1' *87 0,&52%, tathione reductase (GR)] and biotransformation enzymes (CYP450 20(62)7+(%/8(0866(/ MYTILUS EDULIS isoform-EROD, MROD, BROD and GST) increased at 6hr and -XOLD*%DHU1 7\OHU:*ULI¿Q2DQG-(YDQ:DUG2 12hr in the 10-30ppm groups, their activity decreased afterwards. 1Mount St. Mary’s University, Department of Science, 16300 In the 40-50ppm groups, the antioxidant and biotransformation en- Old Emmitsburg Road, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 zymes increased up to 24 hr. Results suggested that (a) antioxidant 2University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, enzymes were elevated at early stages of exposure in 10-30 ppm 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 groups, (b) GSH, SOD and CAT play a role against ROS and neu- [email protected] tralized it, (c) enzymatic biotransformation is essential to eliminate 6KHOO¿VKKDYHEHHQVWXGLHGIRUFHQWXULHVKRZHYHUWKHPLFUREHV glyphosate, and (d) the cellular enzyme defense mechanism protect that reside inside of them have been largely overlooked. Recent ad- shrimp at certain levels of exposure. vances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have accelerated microbiome research. This study explored the potential differences between the resident gut microbiome and the transient fecal microbiome of bivalves. The fecal microbiome of the blue mussel (0\WL- OXVHGXOLV) was directly compared to the gut microbiome of isolated $48$&8/785( )25 $ 6867$,1$%/( ),6+(5< 2) individuals to detect any differences in microbial community com- MUSSELS position. Mussels were collected LQVLWX from Long Island Sound %M¡UQ$VS¡\1 'DYLGGH/HHXZ29RULDQ-0DU\VVDHO1DQG$O and housed in individualized sterile microcosms for three hours to LVH$VS¡\1 allow for fecal egestion. For each mussel, fecal and gut samples 1Smart Farm AS, Dokkgata 14, 4014 Stavanger, Norway were collected simultaneously and analyzed by sequencing pro- 2David de Leeuw Muschelzucht Gmbh, Dannhalmsburg 6, karyotic community 16S rRNA amplicons. Results indicated that 26441 Jever, Germany IHFDOFRPPXQLWLHVFRQVLVWHQWO\KDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUDOSKDGL- [email protected] versity than gut communities from the same individual. The fecal Mussel farmers rely on harvesting wild seed from natural mus- PLFURELRPH ZDV VLPLODU DPRQJ DOO LQGLYLGXDOV OLNHO\ UHÀHFWLQJ sel banks. The seed are gathered by dredging and taken to the farms the similarity in local conditions and environmental microbe pool. where they are grown to commercial size. The changes in the avail- Gut microbiomes differed greatly from the fecal microbiomes of ability of wild seed banks for collection, whether political, natural, isolated individuals and were more variable in composition. These or environmental, require improved survey and management prac- results serve as preliminary evidence that mussels maintain a ro- tices, as well as innovative ways of farming mussels. bust resident gut microbiome that is characteristically distinct from Roem van Yerseke Bv, Germany, has introduced SmartUnits to the transient fecal microbiome, which is valuable information for collect and harvest seed for their bottom-culture leases. To produce future mussel microbiome investigations. These results also indi- up to 3000 tons of seed annually, they have currently installed 250 cate that, for mussels, the fecal microbiome is not a reliable proxy SmartUnits. Every SmartUnit is 120 meters long, stick 3 meters for the gut microbiome, unlike the gut and fecal microbiomes of deep and gets its buoyancy from 250 mm pipes. They are moored many mammals. This discovery suggests that long-term microbi- with high holding power anchors or poles in each end and lie lon- ome manipulation will continue to be limited by the requirement gitudinally with the current direction. The current is a strong tidal for invasive gut sampling. current of up to 3-4 knots and the weather is harsh. Due to local risk management regulations, sever winter storms and close by international shipping lanes; the SmartUnits are disconnected and towed to harbor each autumn and set up again for spat collection in spring. During the spat growth period the SmartUnits are thinned by har- 6&$3+232' &20081,7,(6 2) &$3( &$1$9(5$/ vesting once or twice, depending on settlement and growth. The )/25,'$86$ ¿QDOKDUYHVWLVQRUPDOO\LQ2FWREHU:LWKWKHKDUYHVWLQJPDFKLQH 3DWULFN%DNHU DQG&ROLQ)UDQN used in conjunction with the SmartUnits the team of three can har- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Con- vest 100 tons of seed per day and spread them on the bottom culture servation, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7922 NW 71st Street, leases for growth to commercial size. Gainesville, Florida 32653 SNEDNHU#XÀHGX Several tusk shells, or scaphopods (Mollusca: Scaphopoda) occur in shallow offshore areas of Cape Canaveral, Florida, including )XVWDULDOLRGRQ, *UDSWDFPHHERUHD, and 3DUDGHQWDOLXPDPHULFD- DO NOTQXP. The latter, which wasCITE the most common in the study, reaches 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 165

38 mm. The study area was a shallow, offshore ridge-and-swale 7+( ,1&25325$7,21 2) (3,*(1(7,& ())(&76 21 system, with major features tens to hundreds of meters across and (19,5210(17$/$1'+80$1+($/7+5,6.$66(66 3-25 meters deep. Sediments ranged from coarse sand on ridges 0(17$3352$&+(6)2512102'(/63(&,(6 to muddy sand in swales. Storm events temporarily mixed surface -RmR %DUERVVD *XLOKHUPH -HUHPLDV -RDQD / 3HUHLUD sediments but the ridge-and-swale topography remained stable. DQG-DQD$VVHOPDQ2 Sampling was conducted with a benthic grab, with 864 samples 1Ghent University, Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology over a six-year period. Thirty-four 3DUDGHQWDOLXP were collected and Aquatic Ecology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653 Building in 24 samples, all in swale sites greater than nine meters in depth. F - 2nd Floor, 9000 Gent, Belgium 3DUDGHQWDOLXPVLWHVZHUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\FRPSDUDWLYHO\¿QHVHG- 2Ghent University, Blue Growth Research Lab, Bluebridge, iments and high densities of Foraminifera, their reported prey. Spe- Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium cies richness was higher in sites with than without 3DUDGHQWDOLXP, 3University of Aveiro, Department of Biology, 3810-193 Aveiro, EXWWRWDOELRPDVVEHWZHHQWKHVDPHVLWHVGLGQRWGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\ Portugal 3DUDGHQWDOLXPwas associated brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), the irreg- 4University of Aveiro, Centre for Environmental and Marine ular urchin 0RLUDDWURSRV(Spatangoida), and the morphologically Studies (CESAM), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal similar coneworm, &LVWHQLGHVJRXOGLL. Some taxa abundant in ad- [email protected] jacent sand ridges, including burrowing amphipods (Haustoriidae), Epigenetic mechanisms have gained relevance in human health free-living bryozoans (Cupuladriidae), and sand dollars (Melliti- and environmental studies, due to their pivotal role in disease, dae), rarely occurred with 3DUDGHQWDOLXP. gene × environment interactions, and adaptation to environmental change and/or contamination. Epigenetic mechanisms are highly responsive to external stimuli and a wide range of chemicals have EHHQ VKRZQ WR GHWHUPLQH VSHFL¿F HSLJHQHWLF SDWWHUQV LQ VHYHUDO organisms. Furthermore, the mitotic/meiotic inheritance of such 5(9,6,7,1* 7+( 5(3(7,7,9( 6(48(1&( &20326, epigenetic marks as well as the resulting changes in gene expres- 7,21,17:2$66(0%/,(62)3$&,),&2<67(5CRAS- sion and cell/organismal phenotypes has now been demonstrated. SOSTREA GIGAS Therefore, epigenetic signatures are interesting candidates for link- :HLGRQJ%DR1 DQG$FDFLD$OFLYDU:DUUHQ2 ing environmental exposures to disease as well as informing on 1Genetic Information Research Institute, 20380 Town Center past exposures to stressors. Currently, methodologies that study the Lane, Suite 240, Cupertino, CA 95014 entire epigenome, which refers to all chemical modifcations added 2Environmental Genomics Inc., ONE HEALTH Epigenomics to the DNA code, are routinely used to investigate potential epi- Educational Initiative, P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772 genetic effects. While these technologies are increasingly applied [email protected] in studies with model species, they remain challenging to apply to 7KH3DFL¿FR\VWHU&UDVVRVWUHDJLJDV with its genome ranging non model species. Here, the potential of these technologies in non from 545 Mb to 637 Mb, is an ideal model for investigating ad- model species will be discussed. aptation to environmental challenges. This species exhibits enor- PRXV LQWUDVSHFL¿F SRO\PRUSKLVP RU YDULDWLRQ 1HDUO\ KDOI RI LWV genome is composed of repetitive sequences. Most of these repetitive sequences are accounted by transposons. A large number of the transposon families are currently active in transposition. From the ())(&762)0$1*$1(6(21&,/,2,1+,%,725<$& DVVHPEOLHVRIWZR3DFL¿FR\VWHUVSHFLHVYDULHWLHVLQFOXGLQJR\V- 7,2162)'23$0,1('$*21,67621*,///$7(5$/ WHUBY DQG 1:38B&JLJBY WKH %ODFN6KHOOHG 3DFL¿F 2\VWHU &(//62)CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA we categorized more than one thousand transposon families. The .DPHFD%D[WHU 7LD)RVWHU.U\VWOH(UQHVW(GZDUG-&DWDS genomic transposon landscapes are compared in the two genomes. DQHDQG0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO This thoroughly characterized repository of transposons will great- Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford ly facilitate our understanding of how these transposons shaped Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 the genome, and the potential adaptive merit conveyed by these [email protected] transposons. Gill lateral cells (GLC) cilia of &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD are controlled by serotonergic-dopaminergic innervations. Dopamine causes cilio-inhibition. Manganese causes manganism, a Parkin- son’s-like disease in people by disrupting dopamine neurotransmission. The neurotoxic mechanism of manganese is not fully re- DO NOTsolved. Lack of effective treatmentCITE for manganism is an obstacle 166 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

in its clinical management. Previous studies showed manganese to a 30-seat classroom equipped with running seawater, moveable disrupts cilio-inhibition of dopamine on GLC and the post-synaptic tables/benches, microscopes, seawater holding tanks, and Polycom receptors are D2-like (D2R). Three D2R agonists (piribedil, N-pro- FRPPXQLFDWLRQFDSDELOLWLHV6L[RI¿FHVORRNRXWXSRQWKH:HVWHUQ pyl-piperidine and ergocryptine) were tested with and without man- %D\ZKHUHVSHFWDFXODUVXQVHWVDUHWKHQRUPDQGZKHUHOREVWHU¿VK- JDQHVHSUHVHQWWRGHWHUPLQHWKHLUHI¿FDF\RQUHGXFLQJFLOLDEHDWLQJ ermen ply their trade so close to shore during early mornings that Results were compared to control gills treated with the natural li- you can almost reach out and touch their boats. A 1,000 ft2 ecology gand dopamine. Each agonists was cilio-inhibitory with N-pro- wet lab can be used for experimental work, or to hold organisms pyl-piperidine being the most effective. With manganese present SULRUWR¿HOGWULDOV$GMDFHQWWRWKHZHWODELVDEXVLQHVVLQFXEDWRU the cilio-inhibitory effectiveness of ergocryptine and piribedil was quarantine lab, and climate control chamber. In addition, we have moderately reduced, but not N-propyl piperidine. The results show FRQVWUXFWHGDVWDWHRIWKHDUWRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQODEWRH[DPLQHHI- manganese interferes with actions of D2R agonists, however the fects of current and future levels of CO2 on calcifying organisms. three agonists were not equally affected. Since cilio-inhibitory actions of two of the agonists were impaired by manganese suggests manganese is not causing its toxic effect by directly acting on the dopamine molecule, but rather on one or more steps of the D2R signal transduction pathway. The three agonist likely have differ- :$7(5 48$/,7< %(1(),76 2) $ 6+(//),6+%$6(' ent D2R binding capacities on GLC, which may account for their /,9,1*6+25(/,1($/21*7+(0,63,//,215,9(5 varied responses to manganese, especially if manganese is directly '(/$:$5( interfering with ligand binding activation of D2R. This study helps ,ULQD %HDO -RVKXD 0RRG\ 'DQLHOOH .UHHJHU DQG 6DUDK further understanding of the manganese neurotoxic mechanism in %RXERXOLV causing manganism and should be of value in testing for therapeu- Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, 110 S. Poplar St. Ste. 202, tic treatment. Supported by grants NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- Wilmington, DE 19801 K12GM093854-07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. [email protected] Since 2008, the Partnership for the Delaware Estuary (PDE) has been testing new living shoreline approaches to stem marsh erosion ZKLOHVWUHQJWKHQLQJHFRORJLFDOEHQH¿WVVXFKDVZDWHUTXDOLW\HQ- hancement. In 2013, PDE installed a hybrid living shoreline at the 7+( ($67(510267 0$5,1( 6&,(1&( ),(/' 67$ mouth of the Mispillion River near Milford, Delaware, consisting 7,21,17+(86$3$571(56+,3%(7:((17+(81, of oyster breakwaters in the low intertidal zone and erosion control 9(56,7<2)0$,1($70$&+,$6$1'7+('2:1($67 structures along the eroding marsh in the mid intertidal zone. The INSTITUTE primary goal was to provide water quality uplift via an increase %ULDQ)%HDO1 'LDQQH7LOWRQ2-HII5RELQVRQ2.\OH3HSSHU LQ VKHOO¿VK ¿OWUDWLRQ FDSDFLW\ DV PHDVXUHG E\ DQ LQFUHDVH LQ WKH PHQ25REHUW-+ROPEHUJ2DQG6DUD5DQGDOO2 SRSXODWLRQELRPDVVRIELYDOYHVKHOO¿VK2\VWHUDQGULEEHGPXVVHO 1University of Maine at Machias, 116 O’Brien Avenue, Machi- densities and demographics were tracked between 2014 and 2019 as, ME 04654 on all materials. These changes in population biomass were then in- 2'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH:LOGÀRZHU/DQH32%R[%HDOV WHJUDWHGZLWKVHDVRQDOPHDVXUHPHQWVRIVHVWRQ¿OWUDWLRQWRGHYHORS ME 04611 DOORPHWULFDOO\VFDOHGSK\VLRORJLFDOEDVHG¿OWUDWLRQPRGHOVDVWKH [email protected] living shoreline matured. Marine science research and education are stronger and more 6KHOO¿VKUHFUXLWPHQWLQFUHDVHGDQQXDOO\'XHWRQRQOLQHDUSRS- active than ever in the easternmost coastal U.S. After 19 years of XODWLRQJURZWKUDWHVWKHFRPPXQLW\¿OWUDWLRQFDSDFLW\ZDVPLQL- planning and development, the University of Maine at Machias and mal until 2016 when a dramatic increase in biomass was measured. LWVQRQSUR¿WSDUWQHUWKH'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH '(, DUHSURXGWRDQ- 7KHHVWLPDWHGUHPRYDORIWRWDOVXVSHQGHGVROLGVDQGQLWURJHQ¿O- QRXQFHWKDWWKHQHZHVWPDULQHVFLHQFH¿HOGVWDWLRQ 06)6 LQWKH tration by oysters increased slowly between 2014 and 2016, and U.S. is open for business. Located on a 16-acre campus and adja- WKHQLQFUHDVHGPDUNHGO\LQODWHU\HDUV5LEEHGPXVVHO¿OWUDWLRQRI cent to a 1200-acre preserve owned by The Nature Conservancy, TSS followed a similar pattern. These results indicate that shell- this pristine setting is located 40 miles east of Acadia National Park ¿VKEDVHGOLYLQJVKRUHOLQHVFDQSRVLWLYHO\FRQWULEXWHWRZDWHUTXDO- LQDWUDGLWLRQDO¿VKLQJFRPPXQLW\LQ:DVKLQJWRQ&RXQW\0DLQH LW\EXWDWOHDVWWKUHH\HDUVDUHQHHGHGIRUWKHVHEHQH¿WVWRPDWHUL- 7KHPDULQHUHVHDUFKODERUDWRU\DQGDGMDFHQWVKHOO¿VKSURGXFWLRQ ally develop. Water quality managers should consider the value of and development center are only 100-ft from deep water that covers SURWHFWLQJHVWDEOLVKHGGHPRJUDSKLFDOO\GLYHUVHVKHOO¿VKSRSXOD- nearly 3,000 ft rocky intertidal shoreline where tides vary 12- to 14- tions while also enhancing bivalve populations where appropriate. ft every six hours.DO Visiting scientists and their studentsNOT have access CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 167

*52:7+ $1' 6859,9$/ 2) +$7&+(5< 352'8&(' brackish, and freshwater marshes, barrier islands, and coastal and ($67(51 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA 75,3 offshore waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. /2,' $1' ',3/2,' 63$7 ,1 )/2$7,1* &$*(6 ,1 The Marine Center is a modern complex of research, instruc- &2$67$/*(25*,$86$ tional, and residential facilities. This includes 26,000 square feet of 7KRPDV+%OLVV -RKQ3HOOL5REHUW+HLQDQG-XVWLQ30DQ ODERUDWRU\FODVVURRPRI¿FHDQGOLEUDU\VSDFH'RUPLWRULHVSUR- OH\ vide housing for up to 80 people. Educational resources include University of Georgia Marine Extension and Georgia Sea camps and courses, three classrooms, two teaching laboratories, *UDQW 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 2FHDQ 6FLHQFH &LUFOH and a 99-seat auditorium. The Marine Center is also equipped with Savannah, GA 31411 ZHWDQGGU\ODERUDWRULHVDUDFHWUDFNÀXPHODUJHPDUVKPHVR- [email protected] cosms, phytoplankton facilities, and a variety of indoor and out- Transition to oyster aquaculture in Georgia is necessary to in- GRRUH[SHULPHQWDOWDQNV\VWHPVZLWKELR¿OWUDWLRQDQGUHFLUFXODWLQJ crease oyster production which is based on wild harvest. In an- fresh to full-strength seawater. Additionally, LUMCON operates a ticipation of regulatory changes to allow for oyster aquaculture, a ODUJHÀHHWRIUHVHDUFKYHVVHOV7KH¶R/V 3HOLFDQ, a designated study was undertaken in 2018 to evaluate the growth and survival UNOLS vessel, the 58’ R/V $FDGLDQD, and 14 smaller vessels are of diploid and triploid oysters at a high and low energy site in Geor- used for oceanographic and coastal research and education trips. gia. Diploid and triploid oysters were produced at the UGA Shell- The location and resources provided by the Marine Center are ¿VK5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\LQDQGPPR\VWHUVHHGZHUH available for use. Join LUMCON in beautiful southern Louisiana, SODFHGLQÀRDWLQJJHDULQ'HFHPEHU$WHDFKVLWHWULSORLGR\V- where community members strive to support research and educa- ter grew faster than diploid oysters. Triploid oysters reached mini- WLRQHQGHDYRUVRIUHJLRQDOQDWLRQDODQGJOREDOVLJQL¿FDQFH mum harvest size (52mm) at the low energy site by July at 59.2mm and by August at the high energy site at 69.1mm. Diploids reached 56.7mm and 57.2mm at the high and low energy sites, respectively. By November, triploid oysters had reached 86.9mm and 77.7mm at the low and high energy site and diploids had reached 76.2mm and $*($1'*52:7+(67,0$7,212):$9(':+(/. 64.0mm, correspondingly. Cumulative survival in July was high BUCCINUM UNDATUM ,1 7+( 86 0,'$7/$17,& at each site with triploids having 94.4% and 86.5% at the low and %,*+7 high energy sites and diploids had 94.4% and 95.6%. By Novem- 6%RUVHWWL1 3+ROO\PDQ2DQG'0XQURH1 ber triploid cumulative survival at the low energy site dropped to 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ 33.2% but remained high at 70.4% at the high energy site, diploid 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ survival was high at both locations with 70.6% survival at the low 2British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cam- energy site and 85.8% at the high energy site. Differences in growth bridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom and survival by ploidy and site will be analyzed and discussed. [email protected] Age determination is a fundamental tool for understanding characteristics of population dynamics of a species and aids in in- IRUPHGVXVWDLQDEOH¿VKHULHVPDQDJHPHQW$VGHPDQGDQGLQWHUHVW LQWKHZDYHGZKHON¿VKHU\LQFUHDVHVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVLWLVFULW- /28,6,$1$ 81,9(56,7,(6 0$5,1( &216257,80 ical that important life history data is obtained to enable successful 7+(+($572)/28,6,$1$0$5,1(6&,(1&( PDQDJHPHQWDQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\RIWKLV¿VKHU\SULRUWRH[SORLWDWLRQ $ELJDLO % %RFNXV 6WHSKDQLH .$UFKHUDQG &UDLJ 5 0F Using growth rings observed in statoliths, an age-length rela- Clain tionship of %XQGDWXP in the New Jersey region was estimated. A Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 8124 Highway 56, total of 45 sites in the Mid-Atlantic were sampled between 2016- Chauvin, LA 70344 XVLQJDPRGL¿HGVFDOORSGUHGJHDQGDVXEVHWRIWKHZKHON [email protected] collected were aged (n=363). The lack of juveniles in the samples Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON) pro- collected required the inclusion of growth data from lab-reared in- motes, facilitates, and conducts research and education in the ma- dividuals. Age-length growth curves for whelk from the New Jer- rine and coastal sciences. The DeFelice Marine Center is located sey region show that maturity is reached between 4 and 6 years of 85 miles southwest of New Orleans, in the heart of the Mississippi age. This data was used to test the most appropriate growth equa- River estuarine complex, providing an ideal and immersive location to model this population. Collection of age-length information tion for research and education activities. This site provides ready in the Mid-Atlantic Bight can be incorporated into future stock as- access to the most productive estuaries in the United States and one sessments of this species to allow better management and sustain- of the largestDO wetlands in the world, including proximityNOT to salty, DELOLW\RIWKLV¿VKHU\,QDGGLWLRQWKHVHJURZWKSDUDPHWHUVHVWLPDW CITE- 168 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

HGIURPDUHODWLYHO\XQ¿VKHGVWRFNFDQEHFRPSDUHGWRJURZWKRI ,168))(5$%/( %22.:2506 $1' 7+(,5 &5$%%< other populations under varying levels of exploitation worldwide to 9,&7,06 48$17,)<,1* 7+( 5(63,5$7,21 ,1+,%, HYDOXDWHWKHLPSDFWRI¿VKLQJRQJURZWKLQZDYHGZKHON 7,21%<)/$7:250621+256(6+2(&5$%*,//6 &KULVWRSKHU%ULDQLN -XVWLQ%RSS&DPLOOD3LHFKRFNL5REHUW &HUUDWRDQG%DVVHP$OODP Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 155 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY &$5126,1( 5('8&(6 7+( 72;,& ())(&7 2) 0$1 [email protected] *$1(6( 21 0,72&+21'5,$/ 0(0%5$1( 327(1 The American horseshoe crab (/LPXOXVSRO\SKHPXV) is an icon- TIAL ic benthic invertebrate that has exhibited precipitous population de- 7HQLVH %RZPDQ1 5RVDQQH :DOODFK2 0DUJDUHW $ &DUUROO1 clines in the New York (NY) stock over the past decade and is con- DQG(GZDUG-&DWDSDQH1 sidered an imperative multiple use resource. Horseshoe crabs serve 1Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford as a crucial nutritional resource to multiple shore bird species and Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 DUHKDUYHVWHGIRUWKHFRPPHUFLDOEDLW FRQFKDQGHHO¿VKHULHV DQG 2Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, biomedical industries. Horseshoe crab populations in NY also face 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 stressors commonly found in heavily urbanized estuaries, including [email protected] anoxic conditions which are expected to increase in frequency and Manganese causes manganism a Parkinson’s-like disease. The intensity as a result of climate change. Although highly-evolved to mechanism of action is not fully understood and there is no effec- ZLWKVWDQGK\SR[LDWKHFUDEVDUHKRVWWRWKHÀDWZRUP%GHOORXUD tive treatment. Proposed mechanisms include manganese causes FDQGLGDwhich subsist on the crab’s book gills, presumably impair- oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction damaging dopa- ing respiration by laying cocoons that restrict surface area and dam- minergic neurotransmission. Manganese disrupts mitochondrial age the gills directly. To examine the damage %FDQGLGDLQÀLFWV membrane potential of &YLUJLQLFDgill lateral cells (GLC). To test on its host, sub-samples (1/10 total gill area) of adult (n=30) and if PAS or carnosine, an antioxidant with possible neuroprotective juvenile (n=30) horseshoe crab gill were collected in June 2019. properties protect against manganese on mitochondria membrane Infection intensity and surface area of %FDQGLGDcocoons were an- potential in &YLUJLQLFD*/&WKHÀXRUHVFHQWSUREH7050 WH- DO\]HGXVLQJ,PDJH-RQHDFKJLOOOHDÀHW3UHYDOHQFHZDVIRU tramethylrhodamine-methyl-ester perchlorate) was used. Gill sec- adult crabs with cocoon intensity ranging from 28-805 cocoons per WLRQVZHUHSODFHGLQPORIDUWL¿FLDOVHDZDWHUFRQWDLQLQJ0 gill subsample, whereas none of the juvenile crabs were infected. 7050RQPLFURVFRSHVOLGHVDQGH[SRVHGWRPDQJDQHVH 0 Findings suggest that infection prevalence is disparate throughout DORQHFDUQRVLQHRU3$6 0 PDQJDQHVHZLWKFDUQRVLQH ontogeny and is considerably variable within adult populations. In 0 HDFK RU PDQJDQHVH ZLWK 3$6DQG YLHZHG RQ D /HLFD HSL- an aim to provide insight into the effect of %FDQGLGDRQKRVW¿W- lume microscope with a 50 watt HBO mercury excitation lamp ness, future work will emphasize the potential impacts of %FDQ- DQG7H[DV5HG¿OWHUV ([QP(PQP 3KRWRPLFURJUDSKV GLGD intensity gradients on horseshoe crab respiration capacities. were taken with a Leica DFC400 camera at 0, 10 and 20 min. All sections were photographed with the same microscope and camera VHWWLQJV*/&PLWRFKRQGULDOÀXRUHVFHQFHLQWHQVLW\ ), ZDVTXDQ- WL¿HGXVLQJ1,+,PDJH-&RQWUROJLOOVFDUQRVLQHDQG3$6WUHDWHG JLOOV ÀXRUHVFHG EULJKWO\ LQGLFDWLQJ VWURQJ PLWRFKRQGULDO PHP- brane potentials. Manganese treatment reduced FI by 40%. Gills co-treated with manganese and PAS showed no reduction. Gills co-treated with manganese and carnosine had a 15% reduction. This study shows PAS and carnosine protect against manganese RQ PLWRFKRQGULDO PHPEUDQH SRWHQWLDO 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV VKRXOG EH of interest to those exploring possible therapeutic treatments for manganism. Supported by grant NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- K12GM093854-07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 169

0,&523/$67,&6,10$5,1(6(',0(176$1'%,2', ogy. Over the years, resident and visiting faculty with disciplines 9(56,7< )520 6(/(&7(' &2$67$/ $5($6 2) 1( from hydrodynamics and water quality to marine ecology and *526 25,(17$/ 3+,/,33,1(6 $6 ,1',&$7256 2) habitat restoration have discovered how estuaries work and how &2$67$/32//87,21 they provide ecosystem services to us all. These investigators have /LOLEHWK$%XFRO1 (GZLQ)5RPDQR16KHUO\Q0&DEFDEDQ1 helped train hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students, and /\FD0DH'6LSORQ1*LDQQL&ROHHQ0DGULG1$EQHU$%XFRO2 investigators have published more than 500 peer-reviewed journal DQG%HWK3ROLGRUR articles as part of the JEL Contribution Series, accessible through 1Negros Oriental State University, Capitol Area, Kagawasan the UNH Scholars Repository. Each year a variety of K-12 classes Avenue, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, 6200 Philippines and other visitors learn about estuaries and research at JEL, and 2Silliman University-Angelo King Center for Research and WKHIDFXOW\EULQJWKHLUQHZUHVHDUFK¿QGLQJVLQWRWKHLUFODVVURRPV Environmental Management, 1 Hibbard Avenue, Dumaguete City, at UNH. Most of the research at JEL is supported by grants from Negros Oriental, 6200 Philippines state and federal agencies, hence the results are used in support 3School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State of natural resource management at local, state and national scales. University, 4701 W. Thunderbird, Rd, Glendale, AZ Researchers from other institutions and agencies also take advan- [email protected] tage of the lab facilities and unique setting to conduct their own or The Philippines is currently ranked as the third top producer collaborative studies. Emergent research and monitoring challeng- of plastic wastes, yet little research has been conducted on marine es are being tackled by faculty and students using new technology SODVWLF SROOXWLRQ LQ WKLV ¿VKHU\GHSHQGHQW GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWU\ (e.g. DNA sequencing, drones) to collect, transmit and share infor- 7KLVVWXG\TXDQWL¿HGDQGFKDUDFWHUL]HGPLFURSODVWLFVLQJHVWHGE\ mation about New Hampshire and New England estuaries. DFRPPHUFLDOO\LPSRUWDQW¿VKWKHUDEELW¿VK 6LJDQXVIXVFHVFHQV), in the coastal areas of Negros Oriental, central Philippines. Of the ¿VKVDPSOHVPLFURSODVWLFSDUWLFOHRFFXUUHQFH DQGGL- versity (8 polymer types) were highest in the guts of 6IXVFHVFHQV from Dumaguete, a densely populated city. Microplastic particles 587*(56 81,9(56,7< +$6.,1 6+(//),6+ 5( extracted from subtidal sediment samples across three sites ranged 6($5&+/$%25$725,(6 IURP SDUWLFOHVNJ EXW GLG QRW GLIIHU VLJQL¿FDQWO\ IURP 'DYLG%XVKHN1 6DP5DWFOLII20LFKDHO'H/XFDDQG(OHDQRU each other. Sediment samples from Dumaguete were dominated %RFKHQHN4 E\VHPLV\QWKHWLFPLFUR¿EHUV UD\RQ SUREDEO\IURPFORWKLQJDQG 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ textiles; however, these microplastic types were absent in the guts 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 RI¿VKOLNHO\GXHWRWKHGLIIHUHQWORFDWLRQDQGFKDUDFWHURIWKHLU 2Rutgers University, Cape Shore Lab, 297 S Delsea Dr, Cape IHHGLQJKDELWDWV7KLVVWXG\FRQ¿UPVIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHWKHSUHVHQFH May Court House, NJ 08210 DQGGLYHUVLW\RIPLFURSODVWLFVLQDQHGLEOH¿Q¿VKLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHV 3Rutgers University, NJAIC, 3920 Bayshore Rd, North Cape and demonstrates the potential for these pollutants to reach other May, NJ 08204 VHDIRRGSURGXFWVHJ¿OWHUIHHGLQJVKHOO¿VK 4Rutgers University, Fisheries Cooperative Center, 1636 Dela- ware Ave, Cape May, NJ 08204 [email protected] 7KH +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ +65/ LV D 1HZ -HUVH\$JULFXOWXUDO([SHULPHQW6WDWLRQDQGD¿HOGVWDWLRQIRUWKH -$&.621 (678$5,1( /$%25$725< <($56 2) Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences within the School of ',6&29(5<('8&$7,21$1'2875($&+ Environmental and Biological Sciences of Rutgers University. It 'DYLG%XUGLFN6WHSKHQ-RQHV 'LDQH)RVWHU'DYLG6KD\7RP GUDZV XSRQ WKH VWUHQJWKV RI ERWK SURJUDPV WR IXO¿OO LWV PLVVLRQ *UHJRU\5D\PRQG*UL]]OH$UW0DWKLHVRQ*UHJJ0RRUH)UHG LQVXSSRUWRI¿VKHULHVDQGDTXDFXOWXUHUHVHDUFK7KHVWDWLRQKDVD 6KRUW'DQWH7RULR/DUU\:DUGDQG:LQVRU:DWVRQ 131-year tradition of disseminating research results and working University of New Hampshire, School of Marine Sciences and FRRSHUDWLYHO\ZLWKVWDWHDQGIHGHUDODJHQFLHVDQGWKH¿VKHULHVDQG Ocean Engineering, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, 85 Adams Point aquaculture communities in New Jersey and beyond. Road, Durham, NH 03824 The HSRL maintains four facilities in southern New Jersey. [email protected] The Bivalve Laboratory in Port Norris is a modern research lab- The Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) opened 50 years ago oratory with a high salinity recirculating wet laboratory and ready in 1970. It is part of the University of New Hampshire and its new access to Delaware Bay. The Cape Shore Laboratory in Green School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering. Named after Dr. &UHHNLVDVKHOO¿VKUHVHDUFKKDWFKHU\ZLWKQXUVHU\DQGJURZRXW Floyd Jackson, an early marine ecologist and champion of Great FDSDFLW\ WKDW FDQ DOVR VXSSRUW D YDULHW\ RI HFRORJLFDO ¿HOG VWXG- Bay, the lab DOis dedicated to the study of marine andNOT estuarine ecol- ies. The Aquaculture InnovationCITE Center in North Cape May is a 170 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

large production-scale hatchery with a modular design to support 1(: 0$7(5,$/6 $1' 675$7(*,(6 )25 ()),&,(17 innovation and demonstration. The Fisheries Cooperative Center is /$5*(6&$/( )5((21%27720 2<67(5 &8/785 VLWXDWHGQHDUWKH¿VKLQJSRUWRI&DSH0D\SURYLGLQJUHDG\DFFHVV ING WRWKHH[SDQVLYHPLG$WODQWLF¿VKLQJLQGXVWU\ 'DYLG&HVVQD DQG1LHOV/LQGTXLVW 7KH+65/KDVEHHQKRPHWRDQXPEHURI³6KHOO¿VK3LRQHHUV´ Sandbar Oyster Company, 5117 Webb Street, Morehead City, FHOHEUDWHG E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO 6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ 16$ LQ- North Carolina 28557 cluding Julius and Thurlow Nelson, Harold Haskin, and Susan [email protected] Ford. With a year-round staff of about 30, the HSRL generates and Sandbar Oyster Company (hereafter SANDBAR) is com- disseminates research information directly applicable to all aspects mercializing a patent-pending biodegradable hardscape licensed RI¿VKHULHVDQGDTXDFXOWXUHVFLHQFHFRQFHQWUDWLQJRQVSHFLHVRI from UNC Chapel Hill that was co-invented by the SANDBAR commercial importance to the New Jersey region. co-founders Dr. Niels Lindquist (UNC Institute of Marine Sci- HQFHV DQGFRPPHUFLDOVKHOO¿VKKDUYHVWHU'DYLG³&ODPPHUKHDG´ Cessna. The degradable hardscape is a composite of mineral-based ELQGHUV DQG SODQW¿EHU FORWKV ZKLFK DUH FXW WR VSHFL¿HG GLPHQ- sions, infused with the binder then wet-formed to a variety of 52%867 $1' ,1(;3(16,9( 722/ '(9(/230(17 shapes tailored for use in oyster aquaculture, restoration of oys- )25 021,725,1* )/2: 5(*,0( :,7+,1 6+(// ter and saltmarsh habitats and creation of living shorelines. These ),6+$48$&8/785(*($5 products have been given the trade names Oyster Catcher™ and %UHQGDQ3&DPSEHOO 6KDQQRQ+RRGDQG0DWWKHZ:*UD\ Marsh Maker™. For oyster aquaculture, SANDBAR developed an University of Maryland, Horn Point Laboratory, 2020 Horns “oyster shell substitute” called Tufts, which are shaped like a 3-di- Point Road, Cambridge, MD 21613 mensional pretzel. Tufts provide high surface area for spat attach- [email protected] ment and open space among the Tuft strands that allows attached 'HVSLWH WKH SURPLVLQJ DGYDQFHV LQ VKHOO¿VK DTXDFXOWXUH RYHU spat to grow to larger sizes with a minimum of shell fusing among the past few decades, production limitations still exist (e.g. biofoul- neighboring oysters. As Tufts strands degrade, oysters are shed as LQJSHUPLWWLQJKXUGOHVDQGRSHUDWLRQFRVWV 7RLPSURYHVKHOO¿VK singles and small clusters. In North Carolina, Tufts are deployed SURGXFWLRQPRUHUHVHDUFKLVQHHGHGWRDGGUHVVJHDUHI¿FLHQF\RI in late spring on intertidal leases for seeding with wild spat, held VKHOO¿VKDTXDFXOWXUHV\VWHPV)RUVXVSHQVLRQIHHGLQJELYDOYHVRS- there into late fall when oyster pest activity is declining, and then WLPL]LQJÀRZWKURXJKJHDUWRPD[LPL]HIRRGGHOLYHU\DQGZDVWH broadcast onto subtidal bottoms. Sourcing Tuft-derived seed into H[SRUWLVEHOLHYHGWREHDQLPSRUWDQWJRYHUQRURIVKHOO¿VKJURZWK row crop-like, free-on-bottom culturing programs may enhance per However, little research has been done to investigate the physical DFUH\LHOGVDQGSUR¿WDELOLW\DVFDSLWDOLQYHVWPHQWVLQFRQWDLQPHQW HQYLURQPHQWZLWKLQFDJHVDQGUHODWHWKHVHSDUDPHWHUVWRVKHOO¿VK systems and labor to manage gear is minimized. Creating rotated growth or biofouling due to a lack of small, yet robust tools capable ephemeral reefs could support high standing stock biomass oysters, of monitoring hydrodynamic forces inside culture gear. \LHOGLQJPXOWLSOHHFRV\VWHPEHQH¿WVZKLOHVXSSRUWLQJVXVWDLQDEOH The main objectives of this research was to 1) develop a se- lucrative harvests. ries of inexpensive and robust tools that can accurately monitor the physical environment in culture gear, 2) use tools to understand the hydrodynamics within aquaculture gear, 3) understand how biolog- LFDOSURFHVVHV LHELRIRXOLQJ LQÀXHQFHWKHSK\VLFDOHQYLURQPHQW in culture gear, and 4) learn how changes in the physical environ- ())(&762)672&.,1*'(16,7<$1'7(03(5$785( PHQWLQÀXHQFHVWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGTXDOLW\RIFXOWXUHGVKHOO¿VK 21 6($ 6&$//23 PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS To address these objectives, three documented tools were adapt- *52:7+,16863(1'('&8/785( HGDQGYDOLGDWHGIRUXVHLQVKHOO¿VKFDJHVVSHFL¿FDOO\FORGFDUGV 6WUXDQ5&ROHPDQ1 &DLWOLQ&OHDYHUDQG'DPLDQ&%UDG\1 ÀRZ DPPRQLXPSHHSHUV UHVLGHQFHWLPHDQGZDVWHDFFXPXOD- 1University of Maine, School of Marine Science, Darling Ma- tion), and accelerometers (jostling). The tools were then used in rine Center, 193 Clark’s Cove Rd, Walpole ME, 04573 a two-month biofouling treatment experiment to determine how 2Bates College, Bates College Coastal Center, 2 Andrews Rd, QDWXUDOELRORJLFDOIDFWRUVDQGDUWL¿FLDOJURZHUSUDFWLFHVLQÀXHQFH Lewiston, ME 04240 the internal hydrodynamics of culture gear and the resulting growth [email protected] DQGSURGXFWLRQRIFXOWXUHGVKHOO¿VK The U.S. imports more than 40 million pounds of sea scallop, 3ODFRSHFWHQPDJHOODQLFXVDQQXDOO\$¿HOGVWXG\RIJURZWKUDWHV was conducted in Penobscot Bay, Maine to evaluate the potential of scallop aquaculture to mitigate this trade imbalance. The coupled DO NOTeffects of lantern net stockingCITE density and temperature on growth 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 171

ZHUHVSHFL¿FDOO\LQYHVWLJDWHG$WHDFKVLWHWKUHHQHWVZHUHVWRFNHG time course. RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis provided informa- with 10 and 20 individuals tier-1, respectively. Between December tion on what genes were differentially expressed by the probiotic 20th, 2017 and November 15th, 2018, shell height measurements and the pathogen during competition with one another. This early were recorded eight times at each site. Water temperature was study will further elucidate what mechanisms are being utilized by monitored hourly throughout the duration using HOBO loggers. both S4 and RE22 when they are in direct competition, and provide Growth rates (mm day-1) were calculated, and then subsequent- possible future targets to increase the effectiveness of probiotic ly divided into three periods for analysis. At both the Stonington bacteria for use in aquaculture systems. and Hurricane Island sites, individuals grown within low-density VWRFNLQJWUHDWPHQWQHWVKDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\ODUJHUVKHOOKHLJKWVWKDQ individuals grown within high-density stocking treatments. Growth UDWHVZHUHVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWZLWKLQWKHWZRVWRFNLQJGHQVLW\ treatments during Period 2 (between May 5th, 2018 and Septem- +<32;,$72/(5$1&( 2) ($67(51 2<67(56 )520 ber 9th, 2018); during this time, the low-density stocking treatment 7+(*8/)2)0(;,&286$ offered a distinct growth advantage over the high-density stocking 1LFKRODV&R[H16DQGUD&DVDV1.HYLQ-RKQVRQ2:LOOLDP:DO WUHDWPHQW*HQHUDOL]HGDGGLWLYHPRGHOUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHVLJQL¿FDQW ton 'DQLHOOH $JXLODU4 6FRWW 5LNDUG -HQQLIHU %HVHUHV 3RO nonlinear relationships between shell height growth rates, tempera- ODFN50HJDQ/D3H\UH60RUJDQ.HOO\2DQG-HURPH/D3H\UH1 ture, and stocking density during Periods 2 and 3 (between May 5th, 1School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agri- 2018 and November 11th, 2018). These results stress the need for cultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 calculated lantern net stocking in order to maximize intermediate 2Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, growth and expand the possibility for temporally dynamic stocking Baton Rouge, LA 70803 density management. 3School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Au- burn University, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 4School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State Uni- versity Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 5Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas ',))(5(17,$/ *(1( (;35(66,21 2) 7+( 352%, A&M University-Corpus Christi, TX, 78412 217 PHAEOBACTER INHIBENS, $1' 7+( %,9$/9( 6U.S. Geological Survey, Louisiana Fish and Wildlife Coopera- 3$7+2*(1VIBRIO CORALLIILYTICUS,'85,1*&20 tive Research Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Loui- 3(7,7,21 siana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 -HVVLFD &RSSHUVPLWK1 -DFTXHOLQH &DPP2 &KULV 6FKXWWHUW2 [email protected] 'DYLG1HOVRQ2'DYLG5RZOH\DQG0DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL1 Increasing prevalence of hypoxia in shallow waters of Gulf of 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal, Mexico (GoM) estuaries can pose a serious threat to oysters and the and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 oyster aquaculture industry. Some farmers have already associated 2University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Molecular oyster mortalities with low dissolved oxygen (DO). While oysters Biology, 120 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 are considered more tolerant to hypoxia and anoxia than many 3University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, 7 Green- other bivalves, their survival decreases drastically with increasing house Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 temperatures. The tolerance of oysters to hypoxia is not well char- [email protected] acterized especially at high temperature (>30°C) which is typical Oyster aquaculture is a growing business, though it carries of GoM estuaries in summer. Moreover, it is unknown whether with it large risks, particularly related to disease outbreaks, which differences in hypoxia tolerance exist between oyster populations. have been known to decimate larval and juvenile stocks. Probiot- Wild broodstocks were collected from four estuaries from northern ics, like 3KDHREDFWHULQKLEHQV (S4), can provide protective effects and northwestern GoM, spawned and their adult progenies tested against disease causing pathogens such as 9LEULR FRUDOOLLO\WLFXV under constant severe hypoxia (<1 mg O2/ DW&6LJQL¿FDQW (RE22) when added to aquaculture systems. The mechanisms of differences in hypoxia tolerance were found between populations protection and infection are complex and are being investigated with calculated median lethal time (LT50) ranging from 4.5 to 17.9 via competition assays using mutant strains for genes involved in days. The study was repeated using the least and the most tolerant targeted pathways (HJ DQWLELRWLF SURGXFWLRQ ELR¿OP IRUPDWLRQ population, valve movement was monitored and oysters were sam- quorum sensing). Transcriptomic analysis, however, can provide pled to compare stress biomarkers including hemocyte lysosomal greater understanding of this complex interaction and identify nov- stability, digestive gland glutathione concentration, and lipid per- el pathways involved in probiont activity. To this purpose RE22 oxidation. Gill and digestive gland tissues were also saved for later DQG 6 ZHUH SXW LQWR FRPSHWLWLRQ IRU KRXUV DQG ELR¿OP DQG transcriptomic analysis. planktonic samplesDO were sampled at multiple time pointsNOT over that CITE 172 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

5(6($5&+$1'('8&$7,21$77+(81,9(56,7<2) Long-term monitoring of physical, biological, and meteorological 6287+(51&$/,)251,$:5,*/(<0$5,1(6&,(1&( processes in the Mullica River-Great Bay Estuary system is sup- &(17(5 ported by waterside facilities at the Rutgers University Marine Field /DXUHQ0&]DUQHFNL -RKQ+HLGHOEHUJDQG-HVVLFD'XWWRQ Station. University of Southern California, Wrigley Institute for Envi- (PHUJLQJ FRDVWDO PDQDJHPHQW SULRULWLHV LGHQWL¿HG FROODERUD- ronmental Studies, 3454 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089- tively by the JC NERR staff and partners include: 0153 • Changes in abiotic parameters driven by natural and anthro- [email protected] pogenic factors The University of Southern California (USC) Wrigley Marine • Range Shifts in organisms and habitats including invasive Science Center (WMSC) on Santa Catalina Island, California of- species fers a wealth of assets for conducting research and education in • Role of Marsh ponds in ecosystem dynamics coastal aquaculture, oceanography and marine biology, as well as • ,PSDFWGLVWXUEDQFHIURPFORVLQJRISRZHUSODQWFRROLQJÀRZ historic and present-day topics at the human-coastal interface. The • Microplastics in coastal areas facility offers easy access to the Catalina pristine waters and nine The place-based monitoring approach allows study of episodic Marine Protected Areas, and proximity to deep ocean environments events that would be missed by short-term, question-driven pro- in the San Pedro Ocean Basin. With a location in the Los Angeles grams. Education and outreach activities focus on research oppor- region, the WMSC also provides opportunities for studying con- tunities for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as science tinuums from urbanized to pristine, and facilitating research-in- education programs for teachers, K-12 students, and community dustry partnerships toward productive regional aquaculture in the members. Available summer internships are modeled after the NSF Southern California Bight. The facility hosts hundreds of under- Research Experiences for Undergraduates program. A new Mar- graduate, graduate and K-12 students in educational programming garet A. Davidson Graduate Research Fellowship Program will be each year from institutions nationwide, along with approximately initiated in 2020 at all 29 NERRS. 2000 general public visitors and community scientists. Research assets include laboratory and waterfront facilities, a ‘blue house’ for marine mesocosm work, subsurface aquaculture longlines in nearby Catalina Harbor and a hyperbaric chamber onsite. Offshore, the USC Wrigley Institute maintains a mid-channel oceanographic 9(17,/$7,215$7(6,1)8/*$5:+(/.6 time series station and an anchored depth-cycling installation to /HZLV('HDWRQ study novel kelp farming techniques. The WMSC Boone Center Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, PO serves as a “Camp David for the Environment” to convene scien- Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 tists and policy makers to discuss pressing environmental issues [email protected] and strategize productive paths forward. There are no published values for ventilation rates in shelled JDVWURSRGV0HDVXUHPHQWRIYHQWLODWLRQLQJDVWURSRGVLVGLI¿FXOW due to the route of the ventilatory current through the shell and WKHODFNRIGH¿QLWLYHVLSKRQVLQPRVWVSHFLHV7KHIXOJDUZKHONV represent an exception, in that the anterior shell is elongated into a 7+(-$&48(6&2867($81$7,21$/(678$5,1(5( siphonal canal. The mantle is rolled into a functional siphon and 6($5&+5(6(59($1(;(03/$5,16&,(1&(%$6(' extended just beyond the end of the shell and water is pulled into MANAGEMENT the siphon by the activity of cilia on the gill. 0LFKDHO3'H/XFD /LVD$XHUPXOOHUDQG7KRPDV*URWKXHV In this study, the siphonal end of the shells of specimens of Rutgers University, Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Re- %XV\FRQ FDULFD, % FRQWUDULXP, and %XV\FRW\SXV FDQDOLFXODWXV search Reserve, 130 Great Bay Boulevard, Tuckerton, New Jersey were inserted into calibrated plastic pipette tips or transfer pipettes. 08087 The animals extended their siphons into the pipettes and appeared [email protected] to ventilate normally. Aliquots of red food dye were introduced to The Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve the end of the pipette and the movement of the dye front along the (JC NERR), is one of 29 National Estuarine Research Reserves pipette was timed with a stopwatch. (NERRS) created to promote the responsible use and management Rates for %FDULFD ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 mL/sec. for an 811 g RIWKHQDWLRQ¶VHVWXDULHVWKURXJKDQLQWHJUDWHGSURJUDPRIVFLHQWL¿F (13.5 mm shell diameter) animal and from 0.7 to 1.5 mL/sec for a research, education, and stewardship. Serving as a sentinel site in 295 g (7.5 mm) snail. Rates for %FDQDOLFXODWXV (323 g; 4.5 mm) southern New Jersey, the JC NERR conducts a variety of collabo- ranged from 0.1 to 2.9 mL/sec. Ventilation in %FRQWUDULXP was rative research and long-term projects such as understanding coastal 0.02 to 0.11 mL/sec in a 52 g (4.2 mm) animal and 0.04 to 0.15 mL/ marsh sustainability, early detection of environmental change, and VHFLQDJ PP DQLPDO7KHVHUDWHV¿OODJDSLQRXUNQRZO- development ofDO web-based tools to inform coastal decisionNOT making. edge of the physiology of marineCITE gastropods. 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 173

)5,'$<+$5%25/$%25$725,(6-(:(/2)7+(3$ 685)&/$0*52:7+$1'%,20$66',675,%87,21$ &,),&1257+:(67 02'(/,1*678'< 0HJDQ'HWKLHU1%HUQDGHWWH+ROWKXLV1&ROOHHQ%XUJH2 &DUR 0DXULFLR *RQ]iOH] 'tD]1 (LOHHQ ( +RIPDQQ1 -RKQ 0 O\Q)ULHGPDQDQG'LDQQD3DGLOOD4 .OLQFN1'DSKQH0XQURH2(ULF3RZHOODQG$QGUHZ6FKHOG4 1Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 1Old Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Ocean- University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 ography, Norfolk, 4111 Monarch 2Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University Way, VA 23508 of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 25XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK/DERUDWRU\3RUW 21202 Norris, 6959 Miller Ave, NJ 08349 3University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sci- 3University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Lab- ences, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020 Seattle, WA 98195 oratory, 703 East Beach Drive 4Stony Brook University, Department of Ecology and Evolu- Ocean Springs, MS 39564 tion, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Glouces- [email protected] ter Point, Andrews Hall 442, VA 23062 The Friday Harbor Labs (FHL) is a marine station located on [email protected] San Juan Island, about 70 miles NW of Seattle in inland waters The Atlantic surfclam (6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPD) along the continen- of Washington State. It has supported research and education in tal shelf of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) supports an important the marine sciences for almost 120 years in an egalitarian, col- ¿VKHU\ DQG WKHUHIRUH FKDQJHV LQ LWV GLVWULEXWLRQ KDYH HFRQRPLF laborative culture where every student is a scientist worthy of re- consequences. Surfclams along the MAB have an observed north- spect. Part of the University of Washington’s College of the Envi- south gradient in size, with larger sizes at the northern end of the ronment, FHL is open year-round to researchers from around the range. A model developed for surfclam population dynamics is JOREHZRUNLQJLQ¿HOGVIURPSK\VLFDORFHDQRJUDSK\WRFRQVHUYD- used to simulate surfclam growth and biomass distribution along tion, from genetics and development to anatomy and ecology. One the MAB. Growth rates input to the model are based on param- active current research program is Dr. Adam Summers’ project to eterizations derived from surfclam stock surveys. The simulated “Scan All Fishes”, bringing researchers from all over the globe for surfclam distribution shows a spatially variable size-at-age and a free use of a CT scanner, from which all data and images are made gradient in size that matches observations. The simulated biomass publicly available. Infectious marine diseases are also a current distribution indicates that the biomass is maximal inshore and to- research topic. In spring, summer, and fall, FHL offers graduate wards the northern end of the range. Sensitivity simulations con- and undergraduate courses on similarly diverse topics. Generous sider changes in the biomass distribution in response to changes in private donors help to defray costs for students. FHL facilities in- the mortality gradient on the MAB. These simulations show why clude 13 lab buildings, most of which have running seawater tables VSHFL¿FUHJLRQVRIWKH0$%DUHQRWSUHVHQWO\VXSSRUWLQJFRPPHU- for maintaining marine organisms; a variety of modern equipment cially viable concentration of surfclams. The resultant changes in for shared use; several classrooms; a full-service Dining Hall; and biomass distribution and size-at-age have implications for the surf- roughly 200 beds in housing units ranging from student dormitories FODP¿VKHU\ to private apartments. Also on the FHL campus, the Helen Riaboff Whiteley Center provides a refuge (seven cottages and a study center) for established scholars and artists to create and interact in a peaceful environment. As space allows, FHL also rents its facilities for workshops and conferences. ,6 7+( ³.(<6721(,1´ 02/(&8/( $))(&7(' %< &2$67$/ $&,',),&$7,21 ,1 7+( 0(',7(55$1($1 0866(/" 6RQLD'LRV(OVD6LOYD0DULD3UDGR$OYDUH] &DPLQR*HVWDO DQG-RVH0)%DEDUUR Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain [email protected] Keystone species, such as 0\WLOXV JDOORSURYLQFLDOLV play a special role in the structure of ecological communities and in determining biodiversity. A glycoprotein named KEYSTONEin was characterized in 0 JDOORSURYLQFLDOLV, 0 HGXOLV, and 0 FDOLIRU- DO NOTQLDQXV. Its role is crucial sinceCITE it constitutes a cue of predation for 174 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

sea stars. In this work KEYSTONEin expression was analyzed un- of a stress response, and abundance of energy storage (quantifying

GHUDSUHGLFWDEOHRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ &22 ppm) regarding the glycogen). Results may show interactive effects of multiple stress- current situation (400 ppm) to determine if it could be affected by ors have an antagonistic impact on the overall physiology, greater climate change. than the sum of individual stressors, or perhaps less likely, a syner-

Mussels were acclimated to the experimental pCO2 concentra- gistic impact, disrupting the harmful effects of individual stressors WLRQV DQGDWP IRUDPRQWKLQ/WDQNVZLWKVHPLVWDWLF impacts. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of survival system. After that, half population was exposed to crushed con- strategies over chronic exposure to stressors in 0\WLOXVHGXOLV an VSHFL¿FVIRUDWKUHHZHHNSHULRG)RXULQGLYLGXDOVZHUHFROOHFWHG important, economically valuable, ecosystem engineer. from each experimental group and dissected. Several tissues were sampled for RNA and/or protein isolation and qPCR was carried out for KEYSTONEin expression. There is a tendency towards downregulation of KEYSTONEin XQGHUDFLGL¿FDWLRQFRQGLWLRQVZLWKRXWWKHIDX[SUH\7KHVHUHVXOWV 7+( ())(&7 2) &200(5&,$/6&$/( )/2$7,1* VHHPWRVXJJHVWWKDWRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQFRXOGSOD\DGHWULPHQWDO 2<67(5 $48$&8/785( 21 %(17+,& 0$&52)$8 role in keystone molecules expression. This might lead to import- 1$ &20081,7< 6758&785($7$ ZOSTERA MARINA ant ecological effects such us spatial distribution not only for foun- ((/*5$66 %(',1&+(6$3($.(%$<9,5*,1,$86$ dation species but also for other species. Nonetheless, when the -HQQLIHU'UH\HU /LVD.HOORJJDQG(ULQ&6KLHOGV faux prey is introduced, the predation signal seems to be strong Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, P.O. Box HQRXJKWRPDVNWKHHIIHFWRIDFLGL¿FDWLRQ3UHOLPLQDU\UHVXOWVLQ 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 experimental infections showed also that KEYSTONEin might [email protected] function as acute defense protein, even when it is considered to In recent years, bivalve aquaculture has increased rapidly in es- have evolved from ancestrally immunological roles to be a chemi- tuarine and coastal waters of U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. FDOFXHIRUSUH\LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ Most economically viable locations for oyster aquaculture are in shallow-water coastal and estuarine environments, areas that frequently support the growth submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and/or are targeted for SAV restoration. SAV habitats are widely recognized for the ecosystem services they provide. Because of ())(&7 2) /21*7(50 (;32685( 72 08/7,3/( their value, resource management agencies frequently apply a pre- 675(66256 21 %,2&+(0,&$/ 3$7+:$<6 2) 7+( cautionary approach to permitting, denying requests for any activi- %/8(0866(/MYTILUS EDULIS ties with unknown impacts on SAV habitats. The goal of this multi- 0DWW'UDOXFN DQG0DFNHQ]LH/=LSSD\ \HDU SURMHFW LV WR DVVHVV WKH HIIHFWV RI FRPPHUFLDOVFDOH ÀRDWLQJ Sonoma State University, Department of Biology, 1801 East oyster aquaculture on a =RVWHUDPDULQD (eelgrass) bed in terms of Cotati Ave, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 SAV health, sediment characteristics, and macrofaunal community [email protected] structure but only data on infaunal invertebrates are presented here. Sessile marine invertebrates in the rocky intertidal zone live in In 2019, the farm site and three control sites were sampled once DG\QDPLFHQYLURQPHQWZLWKGDLO\WLGDOÀXFWXDWLRQVWHPSHUDWXUH before farm construction was complete (June) and twice afterwards changes, predator pressures and differences in food availability. (August and September). Core samples were collected during each 2XWVLGH RI WKHVH ÀXFWXDWLRQV WKH LQWHUWLGDO ]RQH KDV EHFRPH DQ VDPSOLQJSHULRGVLHYHGRQPPHVKDQGLGHQWL¿HGWRWKHORZ- ideal system to study the effects of anthropogenic climate change, est practical taxonomic level. Opportunistic capitellids (+HWHUR- expanding the already immense challenges faced by organisms PDVWXV¿OLIRUPLV and Capitella spp.) and the spionid, 6WUHEORVSLR that reside there. Exploring how these organisms respond to stress EHQHGLFWL, were the most abundant polychaetes in all samples in all demands a closer investigation into the cellular and biochemical months, but declined in abundance as eelgrass declined. Prelimi- pathways of marine invertebrates, and whether there are energet- QDU\UHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHIDUPKDVQRWKDGDVLJQL¿FDQWQHJDWLYH ic strategies involved in enabling them to survive these pertur- impact on infaunal community structure to date. Continued moni- bations. Little is known about the long-term effects of multiple toring of these sites is necessary to identify long-term patterns and stressors on the ecologically important blue mussel, 0\WLOXVHGX- to assess any interannual variability. OLV. In this study, a variety of subcellular pathways were measured during a multifactorial design by combining food availability (fed or starved), increased water temperature (ambient or +2°C), and risk of predation (predator cue or lack thereof). Mussels sampled across a 12-week period were measured for aerobic and anaerobic capacity by measuring citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase enzyme activity,DO respectively, heat shock 70 protein NOT as an indicator CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 175

$48$&8/785( )$&,/,7,(6$1' ),(/' 67$7,216 ,1 '(&5($6,1* 0257$/,7,(6 2) 75,3/2,' ($67(51 7+(81,9(56,7<2)0$,1(6<67(0 2<67(56 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ,1 7+( (678 0HJJDQ'Z\HU $5,(6 2)7+( 1257+(51 *8/) 2) 0(;,&2 ),(/' Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Darling (9$/8$7,21,1&2$67$/$/$%$0$86$ Marine Center, 193 Clarks Cove Rd, Walpole, ME 04573 0DU\ &ROOLHU (DVWEXUQ :LOOLDP & :DOWRQ1 DQG -HURPH [email protected] /D3H\UH2 The Aquaculture Research Institute (ARI) at the University of 1Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Maine (UMaine) is an interdisciplinary institute that coordinates Aquatic Sciences, 150 Agassiz Street, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 the UMaine aquaculture facilities and assets. The ARI supports a 2Louisiana State University, School of Animal Sciences, 101 J. broad range of aquaculture research and education programs and Norman Efferson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 has the ability to access resources across the UMaine System to of- [email protected] IHUDXQLTXHWUDLQLQJSODWIRUPFRPSULVHGRI¿YHDTXDFXOWXUHIDFLO- With the establishment of off-bottom oyster farming in the Gulf LWLHVDQGD¿HOGEDVHG$TXDFXOWXUH([SHULPHQWDWLRQDQG2XWUHDFK of Mexico, oyster farmers in the region have widely adopted trip- Station (AquEOuS). Each of the UMaine aquaculture facilities can loid oysters as the mainstay of their production, due to their faster support unique research and experiential learning opportunities us- growth and better summer meat condition. Wadsworth et al. (2018) ing both the facility location on the Maine coast as well as its staff found that triploids grew larger and faster than diploids, but also and equipment. The following are brief description of each facility: had higher mortality rates across farm sites. Salinity changes were • Aquaculture Research Center (ARC), Orono, ME: a recir- suggested as a possible driver of this pattern. To determine the ef- FXODWLQJ ODE ZLWK DQ RFHDQ DFLGL¿FDWLRQ ODE DQG DTXDULXP fect of salinity on growth and survival of triploid and diploid oys- rooms for education and research; WHUVDWGLIIHUHQWVDOLQLW\UHJLPHVDFRPSDUDWLYH¿HOGVWXG\ZDVFRQ- • Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), Orono, ME: a ducted at three coastal Alabama sites: Grand Bay, Mobile Bay, and new, state-of-the art, high containment aquatic animal health Dauphin Island. Six groups of half-sibling oysters were spawned research facility; from wild broodstock collected from areas with different salini- • Darling Marine Center (DMC), Walpole, ME: a marine sta- ty regime histories: Calcasieu Lake, Sister Lake, and Vermillion WLRQZLWKÀRZLQJVHDZDWHUODEVDEXVLQHVVLQFXEDWRUDQGD Bay in Louisiana. At each site, 12 replicates of each experimental research farm; treatment (2 ploidy x 3 broodstock origin, or 6 total experimental • Center for Cooperative Aquaculture Research (CCAR), treatments) were deployed in November 2019 and sampled every Franklin, ME: a compound with industrial RAS systems and other month. Data collection is ongoing, and growth and mortality a business incubator; records will provide a comparison among groups under different • 'RZQHDVW,QVWLWXWH '(, %HDOV0(DQRQSUR¿WDFWLQJWKH salinity gradients. The goal of this study was to test whether use 80DLQH0DFKLDV0DULQH6FLHQFH)LHOG6WDWLRQZLWKÀRZLQJ of broodstock selected from areas with different salinities can de- VHDZDWHUODEVDFRPPHUFLDOVFDOHVKHOO¿VKKDWFKHU\DQGDQ crease triploid mortalities in the region. RFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQODERUDWRU\ The poster will include in depth descriptions and photos of research resources, housing and staff available at each site as well as H[DPSOHVRIUHFHQWUHVHDUFKSURMHFWVWKDWKDYHEHQH¿WHGIURPWKHVH facilities. *52:7+ 5$7(6 2) 6(48(1&( 7<3( 67 VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 675$,16$7 /2:(57(03(5$ 785(6 Ava Ellett -RKQ-DFREV2DQG6DOLQD3DUYHHQ 1CSS Inc., Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654 2National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris St, Ox- ford, MD 21654 3University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 11868 College Back- bone Rd, Princess Anne, MD 21853 [email protected] The naturally occurring marine bacterium, 9LEULRSDUDKDHPR- O\WLFXVis capable of causing gastroenteritis from consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. There is a substantial amount of effort put into modeling 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV growth in seafood, such as DO NOTlive oysters. The purpose ofCITE this type of research is to inform the 176 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

aquaculture industry about 9LEULR risks associated with harvesting and transcription regulations. The same result was observed with practices. These models have proven to be extremely useful but the DMR analysis, suggesting that DE between phenotypes is re- have led to questions about pathogenic strains and whether or not lated to DMR in promoters. This presentation will summarize how their growth rates may differ. Furthermore, select pathogenic V. families were selected, the differences between thermal phenotypes SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV strains have been shown to migrate around the at the transcriptomic level and in methylation of promoters, and on country and the globe as evidenced by the ecological invasion of the relationship between methylation in promoters and phenotypes the Northeast U.S. by sequence type (ST) 36 strains in 2012. While differential gene expression. This research will serve as the basis infections originating from cooler waters are typically rare, studies for further basic research needed to understand the impact of cli- have shown an increase in infections attributed to ST36 strains, mate change stress on oyster genomes. ZKLFKDUHHQGHPLFWRWKH3DFL¿F1RUWKZHVW 31: This work aims to understand the growth rates of certain ST36 strains at lower temperatures that are typically not suitable for 9LE- ULR growth. 9 SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV ST36 strains obtained from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Gulf Coast Seafood ())(&762)2<67(5$48$&8/785($1'7,'$/&21 Laboratory were inoculated into broth culture and growth rates cal- ',7,216217+(029(0(172)+256(6+2(&5$%6 culated at lower temperatures. These growth rates were compared LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS to non-ST36 PNW and local (Maryland) strains. 6DPDQWKD(VWUDGD1 'DSKQH00XQURH2DQG-RVHSK&DUD FDSSD 1Fairleigh Dickinson University, School of Natural Sciences, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666 25XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ +($76+2&.675(665(63216(*(1(65(*8/$7(' 6959 Miller Ave., Port Norris, NJ 08349 %< 0(7+

672&.72181,9(56,7<0$5,1(),(/'67$7,21 +25,=217$/ 3/$60,' 75$16)(5 %(7:((1 VIB- 6WHYH(YHUW1 DQG&KULVWLQH7KRPSVRQ2 RIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 3529,'(6 $ 129(/ 1Stockton University, Marine Field Station, 30 Wilson Avenue, 0(&+$1,60 )25 *(1(7,& (;&+$1*( $1' Port Republic, NJ 08241 (19,5210(17$/ $'$37$7,21 0(',$7(' %< 7+( 2Stockton University, Schools of Natural Sciences and Mathe- ,16(57,216(48(1&(,6VAL1 matics, Marine Science Program, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Gal- 6RQJ]KH )X1 'DZHL :HL2 4LDQ

DO NOT CITE 178 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

685)&/$0 +$59(67 0$1$*(0(17 +2: 0$1< GXFHVWKHQRLVHVGUDVWLFDOO\WKXVSHUPLWWLQJWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRI

63(&,(6"+2:0$1<0$1$*(0(1781,76" convergent genes with Ptrue (probability of true convergence) > 0.9. +DQQDK*+DUWXQJ DQG0DWWKHZ3+DUH Products of the convergent genes tend to be on the plasma mem- Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, 226 brane associated with salinity tolerance. Importantly, convergence Mann Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853 [email protected] is more often manifested at a higher level than at amino acid (AA) For commercially harvested organisms, understanding popu- sites. Relative to > 50 plant species, mangroves strongly prefer 4 lation structure and connectivity is key for metapopulation man- DPLQR DFLGV $$ DQG DYRLG ¿YH RWKHUV DFURVV WKH JHQRPH$$ agement to maintain sustainable harvest protocols. Additionally, VXEVWLWXWLRQVEHWZHHQPDQJURYHVSHFLHVVWURQJO\UHÀHFWWKHVHWHQ- differentiating cryptic marine species is crucial to proper harvest dencies. In conclusion, the selection of taxa, the number of species and conservation management. High-throughput genomic DNA se- and, in particular, the empirical controls are all crucial for detecting quencing offers a powerful tool for studying metapopulation struc- genome-wide convergence. This large study of mangroves is the WXUHDQGJHQHÀRZDPRQJPDULQHSRSXODWLRQV6LPLODUO\JHQRPLF ¿UVWVXFFHVVIXODWWHPSWDWGHWHFWLQJJHQRPHZLGHVLWHFRQYHUJHQFH data can unambiguously identify cryptic species and their hybrids, as well as estimate the relative roles of genetic drift and selection generating divergence. Commercially valuable offshore populations of 6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPDVROLGLVVLPD surfclams are broadly distributed from Georges Bank to the Mid-Atlantic Bight, but also occur in- 7+( 81,9(56,7< 2) 6287+(51 0,66,66,33, *8/) shore where they grow to more modest size. Recent genetic analy- &2$67 5(6($5&+ /$%25$725< 7+( 0,66,66,33, ses demonstrated that its sister taxon, 6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPDVLPLOLV is 0$5,1(/$%25$725< sympatric in nearshore waters of southern New England and New -5HDG+HQGRQ 5-RH*ULI¿WWDQG/HLOD-+DPGDQ

7(0325$/ $1' 63$7,$/ *52:7+ ,1 7+( 685) if algal densities achieved were comparable to products current- &/$0SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA ly used in the industry. Oyster waste nutrient media in a range of $OH[LV+ROODQGHU DQG5RJHU0DQQ concentrations (100%, 50% and 25%) was compared to commer- Fisheries Department, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, FLDO/PHGLDZLWKDUWL¿FLDOVDOWZDWHUDVDFRQWURO*URZWKIRUDOO William and Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 treatments was measured using an LQYLYRÀXRULPHWHU and subsa- [email protected] mpled counts. Successful growth of all species was observed. In The surfclam, 6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPDis a benthic dominant in the general, L1 performed the best, with 100% nutrient water, 50% shallower waters of the mid-Atlantic through Georges Bank region. and 25% producing in decreasing amounts. Interestingly, however, 6XUIFODPVDOVRVXSSRUWDVXEVWDQWLDO¿VKHU\ZLWKODQGLQJVDSSUR[- some species demonstrated faster growth at lower concentrations imating 57 million pounds annually. The moving footprint of the of oyster nutrients, suggesting that at least for some situations, a range of exploited surfclams in these regions over the past four combination of nutrient water and L1 could achieve greater algal decades is now well documented in both NEFSC stock assessment culture densities faster. surveys and the gradual northeasterly movement of harvest activity. This moving footprint is related to warming of the US eastern continental shelf. This project is developing a 33-year retrospec- tive, spatially explicit time series of growth rates in surfclams over the surveyed range to both document the aforementioned moving 02'(/,1* $1' 021,725,1* $ 6867$,1$%/( ,6 footprint in terms of population productivity and provide an explic- /$1' 67$7,21 ,17(*5$7,1* ('8&$7,21$1' 5( it forward projection of future productivity. The research material 6($5&+ is an archive of surfclams collected in NEFSC surveys over the 3KRHEH(-HNLHOHN %R+RSSLQQDQG6LODV5RJHUV survey range. This archive has previously been used to estimate Hurricane Island Center for Science and Leadership, 19 Com- D JURZWK FXUYH IRU WKH HQWLUH ¿VKHU\ 7KLV UHVHDUFK H[WHQGV WKLV mercial Street, PO Box 1280, Rockland, ME 04841 examination to estimate growth rate in a spatially explicit man- [email protected] ner at smaller scales of space and time. Forward projections in the The Hurricane Island Center for Science and Leadership inte- VXUIFODP¿VKHU\DUHSDUWLFXODUO\FKDOOHQJLQJJLYHQWKHDEVHQFHRI grates science education, applied research, and leadership devel- a stock-recruit relationship and a life history strategy adapted to opment through year-round educational programs and a seasonal, sedentary life on the rapidly changing continental shelf. These pop- environmentally-sustainable island community. Ten miles offshore ulation traits drive observations that may be incorrectly interpreted in the Fox Islands Archipelago in Penobscot Bay, Maine, Hurri- DVRYHU¿VKLQJUHTXLULQJSUHFDXWLRQDU\PDQDJHPHQW HJGHFOLQH cane Island offers access to unique terrestrial and marine environ- of density in southern section of surveyed range) when the signal ments for middle and high school students, researchers, college is, in fact, driven by warming waters. and university faculty and students, and adult learners from around the world May through October. Committed to sustainability, the Island is solar-powered, utilizes composting toilet systems, culti- vates a growing garden to increase on-Island food production, and is breaking ground on a new state-of-the-art Passive House De- 327(17,$/ 9$/8( $''(' )(('%$&. ,1 2<67(5 sign research facility in Spring of 2020. The Island itself consists &8/785( RIORZHUHOHYDWLRQVSUXFH¿UIRUHVWFDWWDLOPDUVKJUDQLWHRXWFURSV 7KRPDV,KGH5HEHNDK-%RUJHUW DQG5LFKDUG/DFRXWXUH seaside goldenrod/ goosetongue open headland, and rose/bayber- Morgan State University, Patuxent Environmental and Aquat- ry maritime shrubland. The marine subtidal bottom habitat around ic Research Laboratory, 10545 Mackall Road, Saint Leonard, MD +XUULFDQH LV UXJJHG KLJKUHOLHI VHDÀRRU GRPLQDWHG E\ EHGURFN 20685 outcrops with accumulations of coarse-grained sediment in low-ly- [email protected] ing areas. The intertidal zone includes areas with dense rockweed, Oyster nurseries and broodstock conditioning systems often H[SRVHGKLJKLPSDFWEHDFKHVVPDOOVDQGGHSRVLWVDQGDUWL¿FLDOO\ LQFOXGHKLJKVWRFNLQJGHQVLWLHVPD[LPL]LQJZDWHUÀRZDQGDYDLO- built-up granite faces from the quarrying-era. Situated at the con- able algae to promote fast growth of young individuals or gonad ÀXHQFHRIWKH(DVWHUQ0DLQHDQG:HVWHUQ0DLQH&RDVWDO&XUUHQWV SURGXFWLRQ7KLVDOORZVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRFDSWXUHR\VWHUHIÀXHQW Hurricane sits in the heart of lobster country, perfectly positioned for other purposes and potential value-added product. Investigators to participate in monitoring studies and research on climate change, DLPHGWRXVHSURFHVVHGR\VWHUHIÀXHQWIURPDEURRGVWRFNFRQGL- DOWHUDWLRQVLQWKH*XOIRI0DLQHHFRV\VWHPDQG¿VKHULHVELRORJ\ tioning system to culture micro algae. Cultured algae could then and management. With a 3.2-acre aquaculture site growing scal- be used to feed broodstock or young individuals, off-setting pro- lops, kelp, oysters, and mussels, the Center leads research, work- duction costs. Investigators determined 1) if algae cultures could force development, and education efforts focused on the growing grow in oyster-wasteDO media, without additional nutrients,NOT and 2) aquaculture industry in Maine.CITE 180 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

$3,/27678'<(9$/8$7,1**21$'5,3(1,1*$1' itory and hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane. GLC dopamine 63$:1,1*&<&/(6,1)$50('6($6&$//236 PLA- receptors are D2-like (D2R), which open G protein-coupled in- COPECTEN MAGELLANICUS 327(17,$/ *($5 () wardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) causing hyperpolar- )(&76$1'&203$5,621672:,/'3238/$7,216 ization. It is unknown if GLC have GIRK or if hyperpolarization is 3KRHEH(-HNLHOHN1 -HVVLFD%DWFKHOGHU10DGLVRQ0DLHU1DQG LQYROYHGLQFLOLRLQKLELWLRQ,PPXQRKLVWRÀXRUHVFHQFHH[SHULPHQWV +DOOLH$UQR2 with GIRK antibodies showed GIRK is present. Physiology exper- 1Hurricane Island Center for Science and Leadership, 19 Com- iments with ML297, a GIRK activator, hyperpolarized the mem- mercial Street, PO Box 1280, Rockland, ME 04841 brane but did not change cilia beating. BaCl2, a GIRK inhibitor, did 2College of the Atlantice, 105 Eden St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 not change membrane potential or cilia beating. However, applying

[email protected] dopamine after BaCl2, decreased cilia beating but not membrane

The sea scallop (3ODFRSHFWHQPDJHOODQLFXV ¿VKHU\LVWKHWKLUG hyperpolarization indicating BaCl2 was effectively blocking GIRK PRVWOXFUDWLYHPDULQH¿VKHU\LQWKH86IRXQGLQRIIVKRUHSRS- channels. Gills also were treated with manganese, a neurotoxin ulations and highly productive inshore aggregations supporting a causing manganism, a Parkinsons-like syndrome in humans. Man- VWDWHPDQDJHG¿VKHU\DORQJWKH0DLQHFRDVW5HFHQWGHFOLQHVLQ ganese interferes with cilio-inhibition and blocks hyperpolarization catch, compared to peak harvests in the 1980s, and projections of dopamine in GLC of & YLUJLQLFD. Manganese did not affect IRUHFDVWLQJGHPDQGIRUVHDVFDOORSVWRRXWVWULSVXSSO\IURP¿VK- GIRK activation or inhibition, suggesting the toxic effect of man- eries has supported the rise in scallop aquaculture; however, bi- ganese on the dopamine system is not involved in altering GIRK ological and ecological effects of aquaculture on sea scallops is activity, but rather activation of D2R. The study differentiates steps not well-understood and there is currently no hatchery production of D2R signaling pathway involved with cilia beating from those of scallop for culture. This pilot study compares gonad ripening controlling membrane potential. The study also shows manganese of sea scallops grown in lantern nets and bottom cages to those does not affect GIRK in GLC. This is important because the neu- of wild scallop populations in Penobscot Bay, Maine. A difference rotoxic mechanism of manganese is not fully resolved and lack of in gonad ripening both between these two gear types and between effective treatment for manganism in humans is a major obstacle farmed and wild populations was hypothesized. Farmed scallops LQLWVFOLQLFDOPDQDJHPHQW7KH¿QGLQJVIXUWKHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI (n = 240) were sampled weekly from a lantern net and a bottom D2R signaling pathway as well as manganese neurotoxicity. Sup- cage on the Hurricane Island Center for Science and Leadership ported by grants 2R25GM06003 of NIGMS, NIH K12GM093854- aquaculture site from early July 2019 to mid-October 2019. Go- 07A1 and PSC-CUNY 62344-00-50. nadosomatic indices (GSI) were analyzed to identify gonad ripening and spawning events. Temperature recorded on the lantern net and the bottom cage. Maximum gonad ripening and peak spawning occurred earlier in the bottom cage than in the lantern net. Maxi- mum GSI were lower in the bottom cage than in the lantern net. 63$:1,1*+$%,7$72)7+($0(5,&$1+256(6+2( Differences in gonad ripening and spawning in farmed vs wild pop- &5$% LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS ,16287+&$52/,1$ XODWLRQVFRXOGLQÀXHQFHUHFUXLWPHQWDQGJURZWKDVVXPSWLRQVZLWK U.S.A. WKHSRWHQWLDOWRLPSDFWPDQDJHPHQWDTXDFXOWXUHDQGZLOG¿VKHULHV 0LFKDHO5.HQGULFN -HII)%UXQVRQ.ULVWLQ/+DPLOWRQ dynamics. DQG3HWHU5.LQJVOH\6PLWK Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Depart- ment of Natural Resources (SCDNR), 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412 [email protected] * 3527(,1&283/(' ,1:$5'/<5(&7,)<,1* 32 The American horseshoe crab (/LPXOXVSRO\SKHPXV) is known 7$66,80 &+$11(/ *,5. $1' &21752/ 2) *,// to spawn along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. /$7(5$/ &(// 0(0%5$1( 327(17,$/ $1' &,/,$ Spawning aggregations often occur on sandy beaches but have also 5(63216(2)CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA been documented from non-beach habitats, such as salt marsh- $OH[FLD-RKQVRQ1 6KDWHPD6PDOO20RKDPHG(LG1(GZDUG- es. Beaches are generally recognized as the optimal habitat for &DWDSDQH1DQG0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO1 developing horseshoe crab embryos due to faster development 1Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford rates documented from sandy habitats when compared to muddy Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 sediments often found in salt marshes. Despite the apparent high 2Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, quality of beach habitats, the large potential quantity of available 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 salt marsh habitat, particularly in the states of South Carolina and [email protected] Georgia where vegetated wetlands make up approximately 290k &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD gill lateral cell (GLC) are controlled by ha, necessitates a greater understanding of the viability of horse- serotoneric-dopaminergicDO innervations. Dopamine NOT is cilio-inhib- shoe crab embryos laid in saltCITE marshes. The objective of this study 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 181

was to compare the relative frequencies of developmental stages of 7+(3$78;(17(19,5210(17$/$1'$48$7,&5( horseshoe crab embryos collected from naturally spawning adults 6($5&+/$%25$725< at beach and salt marsh sites across South Carolina. Sediment 6FRWW .QRFKH 0LQJ /LX 7KRPDV ,KGH &KXQOHL )DQ DQG samples collected from both habitat types were preserved in eth- $PDQGD.QREORFK anol and returned to the laboratory where a subsample of embry- Patuxent Environmental and Aquatic Research Laboratory, os, ranging from newly laid eggs to trilobites, were staged under Morgan State University, 10545 Mackall Road, Saint Leonard, MD VWHUHRVFRSLFPDJQL¿FDWLRQ(DFKHPEU\RQLFGHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJH 20685 was recorded from both habitat types and few differences in devel- [email protected] opmental composition were documented. These results highlight The Morgan State University Patuxent Environmental and the potential importance of salt marsh habitats to horseshoe crab Aquatic Research Laboratory (PEARL) is a coastal science and populations in South Carolina, and have important implications for policy-focused research and education facility located in St. Leon- migratory shorebirds that utilize horseshoe crab eggs as an import- ard, Maryland. Morgan State University is a historically black col- ant source of nutrition. lege and university (HBCU) with the main campus located about 80 miles north of the PEARL in Northeast Baltimore (Maryland). 7KH 3($5/ VWDII KDV ZLGHUDQJLQJ VFLHQWL¿F H[SHUWLVH LQ GLVFL- SOLQHVUHOHYDQWWRFRDVWDOVFLHQFHDQGSROLF\LQFOXGLQJ¿VKHULHVEL- RORJ\HFRORJLFDOPRGHOLQJDTXDFXOWXUHVKHOO¿VKJHQHWLFVELRORJ- 6($ 6&$//23 )((',1* 5(63216(6 72 &+/252 ical/chemical oceanography, and environmental/natural resource 3+

%,63+(12/$ %3$ ,17+(6(5802)3(7'2*6)2/ consequences in dogs associated with short-term dietary exposure /2:,1* 6+2577(50 &2168037,21 2) &$11(' to BPA. Fourteen healthy, privately-owned dogs were used in this '2*)22'±327(17,$/21(+($/7+&216(48(1& study. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after (62)(;32685(72%3$ dogs being placed for two-weeks on one of two diets (with one =RH/.RHVWHO1 5REHUW&%DFNXV2.DRUX7VXUXWD2:LOOLDP considered to be BPA-free). Both diets contained BPA, and after *6SROOHQ6DUDK$-RKQVRQ$QJHOD%-DYXUHN60DUN5 WZRZHHNVRIEHLQJRQHLWKHUGLHWGRJVKDGVLJQL¿FDQWO\LQFUHDVHG (OOHUVLHFN7 &KDUOHV ( :LHGPH\HU .XUXQWKDFKDODP .DQ levels of circulating BPA concentrations, comparable to amounts nan-LQJFKXDQ;XH1DWKDQ-%LYHQV116FRWW$*LYDQ detected in humans. Greater circulating BPA concentrations in the DQG&KHU\O65RVHQIHOG dogs were associated with serum chemistry and fecal microbiome 1University of Missouri, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, changes. Dogs, who share internal and external environments with E102 Veterinary Medical Building 1600 Rollins, Columbia, MO people, are likely excellent indicators of potential human health 65211 FRQFHUQVWR%3$DQGRWKHUHQYLURQPHQWDOFKHPLFDOV7KHVH¿QG- 2University of Missouri, Dept. of Veterinary Medicine and Sur- ings may also have relevance to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. The gery, 1520 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211 SRWHQWLDOKHDOWKUDPL¿FDWLRQVRIWKHXELTXLWRXVHQYLURQPHQWDOSUHV- 3University of Missouri, Dept. of Informatics Research Core Fa- ence of BPA are likely not limited to just a few species, but are far cility, 1201 Rollins St #113, Columbia, MO 65211 reaching, thus elucidating the extreme importance of a One Health 4University of Missouri, Dept. of Bond Life Sciences Center, approach to further research and environmental advocacy efforts. 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211 5University of Missouri, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 920 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211 6West Virginia University, Dept. of Occupational and Environ- mental Health Sciences, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506 ',(/)/8&78$7,2162)',662/9('2;<*(1$1'3+ 7University of Missouri, Dept. of Agriculture Experimental Sta- '21273529,'(5()8*()520+<32;,$$1'$&,' tion-Statistics, 3600 E New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65211 ,),&$7,21 72 /$59$/ %/8( &5$%6 CALLINECTES 8University of Missouri, Dept. of Veterinary Medical Diagnos- SAPIDUS tic Laboratory, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211 -HIIUH\5.UDHPHU 6WHSKHQ-7RPDVHWWLDQG&KULVWRSKHU 9University of Missouri, Dept. of Veterinary Pathobiology, 201 -*REOHU Connaway Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric 10University of New York at Albany, Wadsworth Center, New Sciences, 39 Tuckahoe Rd., Southampton, NY 11968 York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY [email protected] 12201 Many shallow coastal and estuarine systems experience diel 11University of Missouri, Dept. of DNA Core Facility, 216 Bond ÀXFWXDWLRQVLQGLVVROYHGR[\JHQ '2 DQGS+DVDUHVXOWRIWKHVKLIW- Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211 ing balance between photosynthesis and respiration. During the l2University of Missouri, Dept. of Molecular Microbiology warmer, summer months, particularly in eutrophic environments, and Immunology, 113 Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO WKHVHÀXFWXDWLRQVDUHRIWHQLQWHQVL¿HGH[SRVLQJORFDOSRSXODWLRQV 65211 WRVKRUWUHSHDWHGHSLVRGHVRIFRRFFXUULQJK\SR[LDDQGDFLGL¿FD- 13University of Missouri, Dept. of Genetics Area Program, 241 tion. In temperate regions, the economically important blue crab Engineering West, Columbia, MO 65211 VSDZQLQJVHDVRQRYHUODSVZLWKSHULRGVRIKHLJKWHQHGÀXFWXDWLRQV 14University of Missouri, Dept. of Thompson Center for Autism Early stage blue crab larvae are susceptible to persistent low DO and Neurobehavioral Disorders, 205 Portland Street, Columbia, DQGORZS+FRQGLWLRQVEXWWKHLUVHQVLWLYLW\XQGHUGLHOÀXFWXDWLRQV MO 65211 of such conditions is unknown. Multiple 4-day experiments were [email protected] performed to investigate the survival of stage one blue crab larvae Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widely present endocrine disrupting WRGLHOF\FOLQJK\SR[LFDQGDFLGL¿HGFRQGLWLRQV ÀXFWXDWLQJIURP chemical found in many household items. Moreover, it can bio- ~2.21 mgL-1 and ~7.24 pH units, to ~7.31 mgL-1 and ~7.85, over accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic sources; thereby ensuring a 24-hour period, averaging ~4.76 mgL-1 and ~7.54) compared to continual animal and human exposure. For most species, including FRQVWDQWK\SR[LFDQGDFLGL¿HG aPJ/-1, ~7.34), moderate DO humans, diet is considered the primary exposure route; however, and pH (~4.70 mgL-1, ~7.61), and control conditions (~7.44 mgL-1, there has been little investigation into whether commercial-brands a 6XUYLYDOZDVVLJQL¿FDQWO\UHGXFHGLQERWKGLHOF\FOLQJDQG RI GRJ IRRGV FRQWDLQ %3$ DQG SRWHQWLDO KHDOWK UDPL¿FDWLRQV RI low DO/low pH treatments, by 89% and 92% respectively, rela- BPA-dietary exposure in dogs. It was sought to determine BPA tive to the control (S $129$ 7KHVH¿QGLQJVVXJJHVWWKDW content within dog food, whether short-term consumption of these HYHQ VKRUWWHUP UHSHDWHG H[SRVXUHV WR K\SR[LD DQG DFLGL¿FDWLRQ diets increases DOserum concentrations of BPA, and potentialNOT health may limit the ability of stage CITEone larvae to recruit to the juvenile/ 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 183

adult population. Although it has been suggested that warming GLJHVWD YLD ¿OWHU IHHGLQJ OLNHO\ GHSHQG RQ WKH VXUURXQGLQJ KDEL- WHPSHUDWXUHV PD\ EHQH¿W EOXH FUDE SRSXODWLRQV PDQDJHPHQW RI tat. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiome of the WKLVLPSRUWDQW¿VKHU\VKRXOGDOVRFRQVLGHUWKHVHQVLWLYLW\RIODUYDH Olympia oysters (2VWUHDOXULGD), a native oyster whose population to low DO and low pH conditions, which could become even more crashed due to overexploitation. Oysters were deployed at four common under climate change. sites throughout the Puget Sound to assess microbiomes across geographic location. In addition, each of the sites supports eelgrass beds and plots of bare sand, to which oysters were equally divided. Water and sediment samples were also collected to understand the resident bacterial community in the surrounding environment. 16S +(02&<7('()(16,151$,1CRASSOSTREA VIRGINI- rRNA sequencing followed Earth Microbiome Project protocols. CA %281'%<75$16/$7,21$/5(*8/$725&6'( Characterization of the 2OXULGDJXWPLFURELRPHLVDQRYHO¿QGLQJ -DPHV & .XOGHOO $QWKRQ\ ( 5LFLJOLDQR DQG 0DXUHHQ . that reveals both a host-associated microbiome and high variability .UDXVH by site for the rest of the microbiome. While eelgrass habitat Hofstra University, Department of Biology, 114 Hofstra Uni- IDLOVWRFDXVHVLJQL¿FDQWFKDQJHWRWKHR\VWHUDQGHQYLURQPHQWDO versity, Hempstead, NY 11549-1140 PLFURELRPHYDULDWLRQLQJHRJUDSKLFORFDWLRQUHYHDOVVLWHVSHFL¿F [email protected] PLFUREH FRPPXQLWLHV IRU WKH VHGLPHQW VHDZDWHU VKHOO ELR¿OP Bivalve molluscs have a similar innate immune system to verte- DQGJXW0LFURELRPHVLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUVDFURVVVLWHVDQGEHWZHHQ brates, allowing them to combat viral, bacterial, and protozoan in- sample types (p-value = 0.001). This has implications for future fections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are among the convergent restoration efforts in the Puget Sound and stresses the importance LPPXQHHIIHFWRUVDQGLQFOXGHGHIHQVLQVDSUROL¿FIDPLO\RI$03 of microbiome in and around oyster farms. that associates with bacterial membranes and can inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis or disrupt membrane integrity. Bivalves produce remarkably diverse defensins compared to mammals, yet they share similar mechanisms. Bioinformatics analyses of AMP from eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, revealed that Defensin hemocyte 1 (9$/8$7,21 2) IN-SITU 35(',&7,21 02'(/6 2) (Defh1) mRNA has a predicted binding site on its 3’ end for an VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ,1 7+( &+(6$3($.( RNA binding protein, Cold Shock Domain Containing Protein E1 %$<86$ (CSDE-1). CSDE-1 is highly conserved among animal phyla, in- $QWRQ.YLW1 %HQMDPLQ'DYLV1-RKQ-DFREV2-RKQ%RZHUV cluding molluscs, and is known to regulate immune-related RNAs DQG)UDQN&&XUULHUR1 in mammals. To test the hypothesis that CSDE1 regulates defensin 1Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Department of Epide- translation, Defh1 mRNA was synthesized by LQYLWURtranscription miology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 627 and used in an RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) North Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 with recombinant molluscan CSDE-1. Defh1 RNA and CSDE-1 2&RRSHUDWLYH2[IRUG/DE1DWLRQDO2FHDQLFDQG$WPRVSKHULF ZHUHFRQ¿UPHGWRELQGLQYLWUR. Whether this RNA-protein inter- $GPLQLVWUDWLRQ6RXWK0RUULV6WUHHW2[IRUG0' action up or downregulates the defensin RNAs LQYLYR is being ex- 3Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safe- plored by lipopolysaccharide/peptidoglycan immune stimulation ty and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), 7201 River Rd, College Park, of primary hemocyte cultures and qPCR of defensin transcripts. MD 20740 The prediction of CSDE1 binding sites on Defh1, as well as other [email protected] defensins in molluscs and animal phyla, indicates that translation- The bacteria, 9LEULRSDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV(Vp), is endemic to the al regulation of defensins by CSDE-1 may be evolutionarily con- &KHVDSHDNH%D\DQGDFFXPXODWHVLQR\VWHUVGXHWRWKHLU¿OWHUIHHG- served and an important component of defensin deployment. ing behavior, and can cause vibriosis, primarily through human consumption of oysters. Concentrations of Vp vary throughout the Bay, both spatially and temporally, and are affected by a wide range of environmental variables such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and recent precipitation. Predictive models based &+$5$&7(5,=$7,21$1'9$5,$7,212)7+(2/<0 on these covariates can help identify locations where high levels 3,$2<67(5 OSTREA LURIDA *870,&52%,20( of Vp might be detected, and thus help control the occurrence of (PLO\.XQVHOPDQ vibriosis. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jol- In this analysis, a machine-learning approach was considered la, CA 92037 for predictive modeling of Vp occurrence based on a pool of 25 [email protected] FRYDULDWHV$UDQJHRIVWDWLVWLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQDSSURDFKHV ORJLV- Oysters are an ecologically and commercially important ani- tic and Tobit regression, generalized additive models) as well as mal. Bacteria DOand other microorganisms that travelNOT into the oyster QRQSDUDPHWULF DSSURDFKHV CITE NQHDUHVW QHLJKERUV FODVVL¿FDWLRQ 184 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

trees, random forest, multivariate adaptive regression splines, 52*(5 :,//,$06 81,9(56,7< 5:8 &(17(5 )25 support vector machines, gradient boosting machines, neural net- (&2120,&$1'(19,5210(17$/'(9(/230(17 ZRUNV ZHUHHYDOXDWHG6HQVLWLYLW\VSHFL¿FLW\DQG&RKHQ¶V.DSSD 'DOH)/HDYLWW 0DWWKHZ*ULI¿Q5REELH+XGVRQ-DFTXHOLQH were used to assess prediction performance via internal and exter- 0LWFKHOO5R[DQQD6PRORZLW]$OOH[*RXUOD\$QGUHZ5K\QH nal validation. %UDGIRUG%RXUTXH-RVHSK6]F]HEDN'D1HOOH(OOLQJWRQ.RW\ Generalized additive models (GAM) were found to perform the 6KDUS$OLFLD6FKLFNOHDQG7LPRWK\06FRWW best overall, resulting in a median internal cross-validation speci- Roger Williams University, Center for Economic and Environ- ¿FLW\RIVHQVLWLYLW\RIDQG&RKHQ¶V.DSSDRI mental Development (CEED), 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809 Tobit regression performed slightly worse (sensitivity: 0.812, [email protected] VSHFL¿FLW\ &RKHQ¶V .DSSD IROORZHG E\ ORJLVWLF With a waterfront campus in Bristol, RI, the RWU Center for UHJUHVVLRQ VHQVLWLYLW\ VSHFL¿FLW\ &RKHQ¶V .DSSD Economic and Environmental Development (CEED) includes 7KHVH ¿QGLQJV LQGLFDWH KLJKHU SUHGLFWLYH TXDOLW\ UHODWLYH 7,000 ft.2 of marine laboratories supporting marine research; three to previous literature and identify GAMs as viable models for Vp research vessels, and a 200 ft. dock extending into Mt. Hope Bay. occurrence. CEED offers an exceptional opportunity to study all aspects of aquaculture and applied marine science. $IXOOVFDOH6KHOO¿VK+DWFKHU\XQGHUWKHGLUHFWLRQRI'U'DOH /HDYLWW SURGXFHV D YDULHW\ RI VKHOO¿VK DQG DOJDO VSHFLHV IRU UH- search, education, outreach & extension and restoration. These 7+( ())(&76 2) /*/87$0,1($1' /*/87$0$7( efforts are conducted with a focus on expanding the regional aqua- 21 7+( /$7( /$59$/ '(9(/230(17 2) 7+( 6($ culture industry. Facilities include nursery technologies and an ex- 85&+,1LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS perimental aquaculture farm adjacent to our dock. Researchers and 7DWH/DVKHU DQG.DWLH*LEEV students study operations on a working aquaculture farm, aiding in Birmingham-Southern College, Department of Biology, 900 the development of improved culture technologies. Arkadelphia Rd., Birmingham, AL 35254 An Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory (ADL), under the direction [email protected] of Dr. Roxanna Smolowitz, uses traditional pathological diagnostic Metamorphosing from a larva to a juvenile urchin is a vital methods as well as cutting edge molecular techniques. The focus transition in a sea urchin’s life; however, few larvae complete this of the ADL is on diseases of aquatic animals, primarily bivalve metamorphosis (about 2% in mass culture). Histamine, a common molluscs. excitatory neurotransmitter, has been shown to be a modulator Our Marine Ornamental Research Facility, under the direction of metamorphic competence in larvae. Histamine’s role in meta- of Dr. Andy Rhyne, conducts wide-ranging research with an em- morphosis brings into question the role of other excitatory neu- phasis on the culture of marine ornamental species. Working in rotransmitters. This study investigates the effects of exposure to collaboration with several Public Aquariums, the lab tries to solve L-glutamate, another excitatory neurotransmitter, or L-glutamine, bottlenecks inhibiting commercial ornamental production and a an L-glutamate precursor, on the metamorphosis of /\WHFKLQXVYDU- sustainable aquarium trade. LHJDWXVLarvae were raised at a density of 1 larva/mL in six-well The Sharp Lab, directed by Dr. Koty Sharp, examines the mi- SODWHVFRQWDLQLQJP/DUWL¿FLDOVHDZDWHUDQGIHGDGLHWRIWKH crobial ecology of a wide range of marine invertebrates, including single celled algae 5KRGRPRQDVVDOLQDand 'XQDOLHOODWHUWLROHFWD corals, sponges, tunicates, bryozoans, and bivalves. The lab em- at a concentration of 4500 cells/larva for each (9000 cells/larva in ploys techniques from molecular biology, microbiology, chemical total). Water changes occurred before feeding and before chemi- ecology, and advanced microscopy. cal exposure. When larvae reached metamorphic competence at approximately 14 days after fertilization, they were exposed to either 1 mM, 0.1 mM, or 0.01 mM concentrations of L-glutamine or L-glutamate, LQVLWX, for 24 hours. No metamorphosis was observed in any group; however, in the L-glutamine treatment, arm loss was observed in more larvae exposed to 0.1 mM and 1 mM L-glutamine (61.67 and 91.38% of larvae lost arms, respectively) compared to FRQWUROV [3HDUVRQȤ2WHVWȤ2 = 379, P<0.001, d.f.=6). Arm loss was not observed for larvae exposed to L-glutamate. These results demonstrate that while L-glutamine may not trigger metamorphosis in sea urchins, it may play a role in apoptosis associated with metamorphosis.DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 185

'$5/,1* 0$5,1( &(17(5 &211(&7,1* 3(23/( northern Gulf of Mexico, co-culture of green sea urchins, /\WHFKL- 72 7+( 2&($1 7+528*+ 5(6($5&+ ('8&$7,21 QXVYDULHJDWXVwith the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, is $1'38%/,&6(59,&( being assessed. Juvenile urchins, collected from St. Joe Bay (Flor- +HDWKHU0/HVOLH ida), were deployed at three densities (0, 4 and 8 urchins) into rep- University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, 193 Clarks Cove OLFDWHEDJVRIR\VWHUV Q SHUGHQVLW\ GHSOR\HGLQIRXUÀRDWLQJ Rd., Walpole, ME 04573 FDJHVDWWZR¿HOGVLWHV $OOLJDWRU+DUERU2\VWHU%D\ LQ2FWREHU [email protected] 2019 at commercial farms. Monthly thereafter, each bag was mon- ROUHROU itored for both urchin and oyster survival and growth. Quality of Darling Marine Center (DMC) was established in 1965 as the urchins and oysters will also be assessed using standard laboratory marine laboratory of the University of Maine. In keeping with the SURFHGXUHVXSRQ¿QDOFROOHFWLRQ SURMHFWHG0DUFKRU$SULO statewide mission of the University of Maine, this unique facility in In addition, qualitative feedback on urchin quality will be evaluated Walpole, Maine delivers distinctive research, education, and com- by chefs at seafood restaurants. Initial results suggest that urchins munity and industry engagement programs, transforming knowl- could provide substantial control of biofouling. edge into solutions to meet the needs of coastal communities in Maine and beyond. As a hub for marine research and education in the region, the DMC is a destination for professional and citizen VFLHQWLVWVIURPWKURXJKRXWWKHVWDWHDQGQDWLRQ7KHÀRZLQJVHD- ZDWHUV\VWHPDQGVKHOO¿VKKDWFKHU\RIWKH'0&DOORZVUHVHDUFKHUV 7+( ())(&76 2) 2&($1 $&,',),&$7,21 21 7+( to conduct controlled laboratory experiments in close proximity )((',1*3+<6,2/2*<2)685)&/$06SPISULA SO- WR¿HOGVLWHVDQGWRFXOWXUHDQGPDLQWDLQRUJDQLVPVRIHFRQRPLF LIDISSIMA and ecological interest. In addition, the DMC hosts the University -HVVLFD/LQGVD\ 6KDQQRQ0HVHFN2DQG(PLOLHQ3RXVVH2 RI0DLQH6\VWHPVFLHQWL¿FGLYLQJSURJUDPDQGKDVKRXVLQJDQG 1Maine Maritime Academy, Corning School of Ocean Studies, 1 event space for groups as large as 100 people. Faculty in residence Pleasant Street, Castine, Maine 04420 conduct research in Maine and around the globe and engage gradu- 2Milford Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries NEFSC, 212 Rogers ate and undergraduate students in active exploration of coastal and Ave., Milford, CT 06460 ocean environments. Through Semester by the Sea every fall and [email protected] research internships in the summer, undergraduates have diverse Carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere is absorbed opportunities to immerse themselves in hands-on education at the by the world’s oceans. CO2 reacts with water (H2O) to form carbon- 3- DMC. As engaged community partners, Darling Marine Center ic acid (H2CO3), which dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO ) and UHVHDUFKHUV VWDII DQG VWXGHQWV ZRUN ZLWK ¿VKHUPHQ DTXDFXOWXUH hydrogen ions (H+). This addition of H+ is decreasing ocean pH, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists to advance workforce devel- ZKLFKLVDSKHQRPHQRQNQRZQDVRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ 2$ 7KLV opment and education through fundamental and applied research, FKDQJHLQZDWHUFKHPLVWU\FRXOGEHGHWULPHQWDOWR¿VKHU\UHVRXUFH product development and commercialization, and business incuba- organisms, especially those with calcium carbonate shells. The tion. The DMC also hosts programs for visiting college students FRPPHUFLDODQGUHFUHDWLRQDO¿VKLQJLQGXVWU\LVYLWDOWRWKH8QLWHG and has a long tradition of informal education programs for the States economy, supplying 1.62 million jobs and bringing in 208 public and local schoolchildren. billion in sales. Atlantic surfclam, 6SLVXODVROLGLVVLPD, harvest is RQHRIWKHVHLPSRUWDQW¿VKHULHVJURVVLQJPLOOLRQLQ7KH effects of OA upon surfclams are largely unknown. Physiological functions (i.e., growth, feeding rates) also may be affected by OA conditions. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of OA 35(/,0,1$5< $66(660(17 2) 6($ 85&+,1 &8/ XSRQ¿OWUDWLRQDQGIHHGLQJRIVXUIFODPV6XUIFODPVZHUHJURZQXQ-

785($6$6(&21'&523)252<67(5)$50(56,1 der three different CO2 conditions: 641 ppm (pH 7.84, the control), )/25,'$3$1+$1'/( 1369 ppm (pH 7.53), and 2180 ppm (pH 7.33) from April 11 –July -RKQ /HZLV 1 :LOOLDP & :DOWRQ1 6WHSKHQ $ :DWWV2 DQG )LOWUDWLRQDQGIHHGLQJYDULDEOHVZHUHPHDVXUHG¿YHWLPHV -DFNLH:LOVRQ1 during the exposure period using the biodepostion method to de- 1$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\6KHOO¿VK/DERUDWRU\$JDVVL]6W'DX- WHUPLQH DQ\ UHVSRQVH WR 2$$ VLJQL¿FDQW GLIIHUHQFH ZDV IRXQG phin Island, AL 36528 LQDYHUDJHDVVLPLODWLRQHI¿FLHQFLHVDQGDEVRUSWLRQUDWHVEHWZHHQ 2The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Bi- WUHDWPHQWJURXSVDQGDVLJQL¿FDQWLQWHUDFWLRQZDVIRXQGLQ¿OWUD- ology, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-1170 tion and clearance rates. Moderate increases in CO2 (1369 ppm

[email protected] CO2 WHQGHGQRWWRVLJQL¿FDQWO\FKDQJHPHDVXUHGUDWHVEXWKLJK To potentially diversify production and also control biofouling exposure (2180 ppm) did, resulting in lower values. in off-bottom DOoyster culture in the Florida Panhandle NOT region in the CITE 186 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

86,1* 5(6(592,56$6 *52:287 /2&$7,216 )25 North Atlantic appeared grey to brown with variable meat shrink- -89(1,/()5(6+:$7(50866(/6 age, resulting in an unmarketable product and a tremendous loss .DWKU\Q /RQJZLOO 1 5RJHU /7KRPDV1 /DQFH %XWOHU 'DQ of income. This “grey meat disease” has since been attributed to LHOOH.UHHJHU.XUW&KHQJ2DQG$QJHOD3DGHOHWWL2 infection by an apicomplexan parasite (0HURF\VLWLVNDWKDH), which 1The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Pat- ZDVLGHQWL¿HGDVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUGLVHDVHDQGPRUWDOLW\LQSRSXOD- rick Center for Environmental Research, 1900 Benjamin Franklin tions of the Icelandic scallop (&KODP\VLVODQGLFD); however, there is Pkwy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 currently controversy concerning the association of the parasite with 2Partnership for the Delaware Estuary, 110 S. Poplar St., Wilm- the adductor muscle color and condition in Atlantic sea scallops. ington, Delaware 19801 Using conventional PCR methods (cPCR) combined with standard 3Philadelphia Water Department, 1101 Market St., 5th Floor, histology, a positive correlation between abundance of the parasite Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 DQGPXVFOHFRORUDQGFRQGLWLRQKDVQRWEHHQLGHQWL¿HG,QRUGHUWR [email protected] identify the quantity and location of the parasite, a quantitative PCR As freshwater mussel populations continue to decline across (qPCR) method will be developed to enumerate the abundance of the country, researchers are investigating how to grow hatch- WKH SDUDVLWH ZLWKLQ WKH DGGXFWRU PXVFOHV DQG FRQ¿UPDWLRQ RI WKH HU\VSDZQHG PXVVHOV :KHQ ¿UVW VSDZQHG MXYHQLOH PXVVHOV DUH identity of the parasite will be determined through LQVLWX hybridiza- below 1 millimeter in shell length. Once juveniles reach an ade- tion. This data will be correlated with meat color and condition of quate size they may be transferred to an intermediate waterbody to the adductor muscle tissue, in order to better understand the relation- grow large enough for relocation or other restoration efforts in the ship between the parasite and abnormal meat color and condition. ZLOG$V ¿OWHUIHHGLQJ ELYDOYHV IUHVKZDWHU PXVVHOV EHQH¿W IURP well-oxygenated water that contains ample food in the form of seston. Finding waterbodies to serve as grow out locations near urban environments can be a challenge. Within Pennsylvania, Green Lane Reservoir in Pennsburg, and Van Sciver Reservoir in Tully- 5(/$7,9( ),71(66 2) :,/' $1' 6(/(&7(' ($67 town were determined to meet these criteria and the authors have (51 2<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA, 81'(5 ',) gathered data suggesting superior mussel growth in these waters. )(5(17&21',7,216 Two species, 8WWHUEDFNLDQDLPSOLFDWD and /LJXPLDQDVXWD, have 3DXO0F'RQDOG 1;LPLQJ*XR2DQG6DPXHO5DWFOLII2 VXFFHVVIXOO\VXUYLYHGDQGJUHZXVLQJDVHDVRQDOÀRDWLQJDQGVLQN- 1Stockton University, School of Natural Sciences and Mathe- ing basket technique. Both reservoirs have had high juvenile U. matics, 101 Vera King Farris Drive LPSOLFDWD growth rates, and a greater than 99% survival rate of L. Galloway, NJ 08205 QDVXWD'HSOR\PHQWRIPLFURVFRSLFMXYHQLOHVLQWRÀRDWLQJEDVNHWV 25XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK5HVHDUFK/DE0LOO- has also been a success at both locations. Data suggest that reser- er Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 voirs are excellent grow out locations for freshwater mussels prop- [email protected] agated near urban areas, potentially due to the secure and consistent The eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, is an important spe- environment necessary for successful mussel development. FLHVLQDTXDFXOWXUHDQG¿VKHULHVLQ1HZ-HUVH\:LWKWKHSUHVHQFH of different diseases and the devastation of natural reefs, geneti- cists have selectively bred oysters in order to increase their rate of survival. As a result of selective breeding, over many generations, WKHUH LV D FKDQFH RI LQEUHHGLQJ DQG WKH DPSOL¿FDWLRQ RI D OHWKDO '(9(/23,1* $ 43&5 $1' IN SITU +<%5,',=$7,21 recessive allele in the population. Selected strains, such as the Del- 0(7+2' )257+( ,'(17,),&$7,21$1' 48$17,), aware Bay Cross (DBX), are more adapted to hatchery conditions &$7,21 2) MEROCYSTIS KATHAE ,1 7+( $7/$17,& DQGDUHK\SRWKHVL]HGWRGLVSOD\GHFUHDVHGOHYHOVRI¿WQHVVZKHQ 6($6&$//23PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS put into stressful conditions compared to wild oysters. In this ex- 9LFWRULD /RYH 1 $OOH[ *RXUOD\1 5R[DQQD 6PRORZLW]1 /LHVH periment, DBX and wild oyster larvae were tested under “natural” 6LHPDQQ2DQG/RXLVD*DUFLD2 conditions and hatchery conditions. Once the oyster larvae reached 1Roger Williams University, Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 the pediveliger stage, they were allowed to naturally settle on oys- Old Ferry Rd., Bristol, RI 02809 ter shells. The results of this showed that DBX survived better in 2Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 277 Hatchville Rd., East Fal- hatchery conditions, while wild oysters survived better in natural mouth, MA 02536 condition, but there was no statistical difference between them; [email protected] KRZHYHUWKHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKH'%;DQG The adductor muscle of the Atlantic sea scallop (3ODFRSHFWHQ WKHZLOGVWUDLQLQVHWWOHPHQWZLWKDVLJQL¿FDQWO\KLJKHUVHWWOHPHQW PDJHOODQLFXV) is the basis of one of the most economically import- rate in DBX oysters. This research aids in making sure that selec- DQW¿VKHULHVLQWKH86,QDODUJHQXPEHURIWKHDGGXFWRUPXV- tively bred eastern oysters are healthy and allows for the continued FOHVKDUYHVWHGIURPVHDVFDOORSV¿VKHGIURP*HRUJHV%DQNLQWKHDO NOTuse of selected oysters by oysterCITE farmers. 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 187

)28/ 3/$< /21*7(50 '$7$ 75(1'6 2) 7+( at least two weeks prior to each trial. Oysters were desiccated for 24 (3,%(17+,&&20081,7<2)2<67(5%$56,10$5< hours before re-submersion, or left submersed as controls. Triplicate /$1' samples were taken prior to and immediately following desiccation, 0DUJDUHW0F*LQW\1 -DPHV8SKRII2DQG0LWFKHOO7DUQRZVNL1 7 and 14 days post re-submersion. Vp and 9Y levels were determined 1Maryland Department of Natural Resources Fishing and Boat- using a most probable number real-time PCR technique. For all trials ing Services, 580 Taylor Ave., Annapolis, MD 2140 and locations, 9LEULR spp. levels increased by 0.5-2.8 logs after desic- 2Maryland Department of Natural Resources Fishing and Boat- cation treatment. Following seven days of re-submersion, Vp and 9Y ing Services, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris levels in treated oysters were either less than those in control oysters, St., Oxford, MD 21401 or within 0.8 logs of levels in control oysters, except for one trial at [email protected] two sites. Following 14 days, 9LEULR spp. levels at these sites recov- Information on the epibenthic community of oyster bars in Mary- ered; however, Vp levels at one site were 2.1 logs greater in treated land (rank indices for various organisms) has been collected during oysters than in control oysters. Regardless of regional geographic an annual survey of eastern oysters since the 1970s, with electronic variation, levels of 9LEULR spp. in desiccated oysters generally recov- records available beginning in 1995. These data were evaluated to ered within 7-14 days after re-submersion. GHWHUPLQHWKHLUXWLOLW\LQDVVHVVLQJIRUDJHFRQGLWLRQIRUNH\¿Q¿VK species. Angler concerns over reduced catch rates prompted investigation of potential habitat stressors, including the status of forage conditions. Initial efforts suggested hypoxia and low abundance of polychaetes in soft bottom could have contributed to changes in $48$&8/785()$&,/,7,(6$77+(8&'$9,6&2$67 spatial distribution of resident Striped Bass in spring and summer. $/$1' 0$5,1( 6&,(1&(6 ,167,787( %2'(*$ 0$ Additional concerns regarding declining catch rates for Spot and 5,1(/$%25$725< Atlantic Croaker and a need to understand forage conditions on hard .DUO / 0HQDUG .ULVWLQ 0 $TXLOLQR -RVHSK $ 1HZPDQ bottom habitat prompted this evaluation of available epibiotic data 6DPXHO6%ULJJVDQG$OEHUW&DUUDQ]D from the Maryland Fall Oyster Survey. Electronic datasets were University of California Davis, Coastal and Marine Sciences REWDLQHGWRFRQGXFWWKH¿UVWNQRZQHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHVHGDWD7KLV Institute Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega evaluation shows promise in using these data to complete develop- Bay, CA 94923 ment of an index that can be used to measure one aspect of habitat [email protected] FKDQJHIRUNH\UHFUHDWLRQDO¿Q¿VKVSHFLHV The Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML), was established in 1966 by UC Berkeley and acquired by UC Davis in 1983. It is a multidisciplinary research institution capable of hosting visiting aquaculture researchers year-round. Numerous indoor and outdoor aquaculture IDFLOLWLHVDUHXWLOL]HGIRUFUXVWDFHDQPROOXVFDQDQG¿VKHU\DTXDFXO- (9$/8$7,21 2) 5(68%0(56,21 7,0( )25 VIBRIO ture, as well as barren urchin ranching and algal culture. Abalone 633 72 5(7851 72 $0%,(17 /(9(/6 $)7(5 528 and native oyster aquaculture are current focal points. In collabo- 7,1('(6,&&$7,21$7)2852<67(5)$506,1$/$ ration with industry partners, BML develops SOP’s for native and %$0$$1')/25,'$86$ non-native oyster culture, producing “spat” for commercial and re- 0DGLVRQ0F*RXJK1 9LFWRULD/3UXHQWH:LOOLDP&:DO storative out-planting of underutilized oyster species. The abalone ton2DQG-HVVLFD/-RQHV1 aquaculture project includes efforts to save an endangered species. 1Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Adminis- White abalone (+DOLRWLVVRUHQVHQL) once supported a lucrative tration, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 FRPPHUFLDO ¿VKHU\ LQ &DOLIRUQLD &RPPHUFLDO RYHUKDUYHVWLQJ 2School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Au- quickly decimated stock, triggering a harvest ban in 1993. White burn University, 150 Agassiz Street, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 DEDORQHEHFDPHWKH¿UVWPDULQHLQYHUWHEUDWHOLVWHGDVDQHQGDQJHUHG [email protected] species in 2001. In coordination with NOAA Fisheries, California Consumption of raw oysters can lead to severe bacterial illnesses Sea Grant and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, BML associated with 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV(Vp) and 9YXOQL¿FXV(9Y). houses a captive breeding program. The White Abalone Resto- Desiccation of farm raised oysters is routinely performed to eliminate ration Consortium (WARC), consisting of 10 agencies, collaborate biofouling organisms and improve shell quality. This practice increas- to spawn and raise captive bred abalone for out-planting. Culturing es bacterial levels, which can increase risk of consumer illness. This viable abalone larvae requires year-round brood stock condition- study evaluated the effect of geographic location on the re-submer- ing, feeding, induced spawning, and rearing of juvenile abalone. sion time needed to return elevated 9LEULR spp. levels to ambient lev- The white abalone captive breeding program has been successful, els at Gulf Coast farms. Two trials were performed at multiple sites increasing larval production from dozens in 2012 to thousands in across ~100 km; three in Alabama and one in Florida, May-August 7KH¿UVWRXWSODQWLQJRIFDSWLYHEUHGZKLWHDEDORQHRF- 2019. OystersDO were deployed in Oyster-Gro cagesNOT at each location for curred during November 2019CITE in southern California. 188 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

)DFLOLWLHVDQGVWDI¿QJLQFOXGH the Aquatic Resources Group - $66(66,1* 2<67(5 5(6725$7,21 $6 $ 5(0(',$ Facility-wide animal care and life support services, Anadromous 7,21 675$7(*< ,1 *(25*,&$ 321' 6287+$03 Fish Facility, Climate Change Facility, Fluorescence Imaging 7211(:<25.86$ Facility, Invasive Species/Pathogen Facilities, Bivalve Hatchery, %URRNH . 0RUUHOO 0LFKDHO + 'RDOO DQG &KULVWRSKHU - Algae Culture Greenhouse, Abalone Culture Facility, Housing/ *REOHU Conference Facilities, Vessel Operations, and the Boating/Dive Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Program. Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968. [email protected] Georgica Pond is a small (~300 acre) embayment located on the south shore of Long Island, NY that in recent years has experienced blooms of toxic cyanobacteria resulting in hypoxic conditions and &+(6$3($.( %,2/2*,&$/ /$%25$725< $ +(5, ¿VKDQGZLOGOLIHGHDWKV$QLQWHUHVWLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFRI*HRUJLFD 7$*( 2) 6&,(17,),& ,1129$7,21 $7 7+( 2/'(67 Pond is a transient inlet to the Atlantic Ocean that is opened ~twice 67$7(6833257(' 0$5,1( /$%25$725< 21 7+( a year (spring & fall) and naturally closes, resulting in a broad, ($67&2$67 annual salinity range (2-30). Due to the euryhaline tolerance of 7KRPDV-0LOOHU oysters and the refuge from Dermo provided by low salinities, this Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland study examined the potential for introducing oysters into Georgi- Center for Environmental Science, 146 Williams Street, Solomons, ca Pond as a restoration strategy. Two size/age classes of oysters MD 20688 were deployed in triplicate cages at three sites across the Pond from [email protected] July 2019 to present, capturing a full cycle of the inlet opening Established in 1925 by the visionary scientist Reginald Truitt, and closing, resulting in salinities between 7.7 and 29.6. Survivor- the Chesapeake Bay Laboratory (CBL) is the founding laboratory ship and growth were monitored and compared to oysters placed in of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Conscience Bay, a Long Island embayment with a permanent inlet Far ahead of his time, Truitt recognized that to understand the and more stable salinities (~25). Additionally, water quality and GHFOLQHVLQWKHR\VWHUDQGFUDE¿VKHULHVWKDWZHUHDFRQFHUQWKHQ disease parameters were monitored to explain differences in oys- (somethings never change it seems), he needed to understand not ter performance. To date, survivorship is higher at Georgica Pond, only their biology, but also the chemistry and physics of the Bay, while growth is higher at Conscience Bay. Three months after de- to map the Bay’s foodweb, and understand what factors drive our ployment, Dermo prevalence and intensity were similar in the two use of the Bay and its resources. Today, recognized as an ecosys- embayments and cannot explain differences in growth or mortality tem-based approach. In 1925, there was nothing else like it! while differences in salinity and dissolved oxygen can. Monitoring CBL stays true to Truitt’s original vision. CBL continues to will continue for a second year to determine if oysters are capable conduct groundbreaking research and communicate the results of of reproduction in Georgica Pond. our work to local, state and federal agencies to improve the management of the Chesapeake Bay, and our nation’s coastal ecosystems that Truitt so loved. Truitt selected Solomons as the base for his new laboratory because the people in Solomons extended a warm welcome and 81'(567$1',1*(&2120,&,03$&76727+(&20 HYHQVXSSOLHGWKH¿UVWEXLOGLQJRIWKH&%/)URPWKHEHJLQQLQJ 0(5&,$/685)&/$0),6+,1*,1'8675<)5202)) CBL recruited staff and trained students. Initially, activity occurred 6+25(:,1'(1(5*<'(9(/230(17 only in the summer months, but by 1931 Truitt had built Beaven 'DSKQH00XQURH 1(ULF13RZHOO2(LOHHQ+RIPDQQ-RKQ +DOOWKH¿UVWSHUPDQHQWEXLOGLQJRQRXUFDPSXV7KHRXWOLQHVRI .OLQFNDQG$QGUHZ6FKHOG4 our future growth were already evident. Today, CBL occupies 20 15XWJHUVWKH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ-HUVH\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK buildings on the tip of Solomons Island, including three modern, Research Laboratory, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 state of the art research laboratories. Yet, CBL strives to remain 2University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Labo- part of the community and regularly welcome residents and visitors ratory, 703 East Beach Dr., Ocean Springs, MS 39564 to our campus. 3Old Dominion University, Center for Coastal Physical Ocean- ography, 4111 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23508 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, 1370 Greate Rd., Gloucester Point, VA 23062 [email protected] The Atlantic surfclam (6SLVXOD VROLGLVVLPD ¿VKHU\ LV DW ULVN from offshore wind farm development because of the limitations DO NOTimposed by the vessels andCITE gear used, large boats with hydraulic 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 189

dredges, which affect the total revenue landed at the major ports 3 PDULQXV using a histology-based assay (TUNEL). Hemocyte XVHGE\WKH¿VKHU\$QDJHQWEDVHGPRGHOLQJIUDPHZRUNKDVEHHQ smears from control oysters and histological sections were used to developed to assess these economic impacts of the proposed off- WHVWDVVD\FRQGLWLRQV7KHVHSURWRFROVFRPELQHGZLWKÀRZF\WRP- VKRUHZLQGHQHUJ\GHYHORSPHQWRQWKHVXUIFODP¿VKHU\7KHPRGHO etry and gene expression studies, will aid in determining the role of LQFOXGHVVSHFL¿FVWKDWDOORZVLPXODWLRQRIWKHXQLTXHO\FRQVROLGDW- hemocyte apoptosis in oyster immune defenses against 3PDULQXV HGDQGYHUWLFDOO\LQWHJUDWHGVXUIFODP¿VKHU\7KHPRGHOVLPXODWHV DYDULHW\RIRIIVKRUHZLQGHQHUJ\GHYHORSPHQWDQG¿VKHU\PDQDJH- ment scenarios by integrating spatial dynamics in surfclam stock ELRORJ\ ¿VKHU\ FDSWDLQ DQG ÀHHW EHKDYLRU IHGHUDO PDQDJHPHQW PRGHOVDQGGHFLVLRQV¿VKHU\HFRQRPLFVDQGSRUWVWUXFWXUH&RP- 5('8&,1* 7+( 6&$/( 83 7,0( )25 0,&52$/*$/ ELQDWLRQVRISURSRVHGZLQGIDUPDUUD\FRQ¿JXUDWLRQVDUHVLPXODW- 67$57(5&8/785(6$60$//6&$/(3+272%,25( ed to determine anticipated vessel responses to array and turbine $&725678'< locations, and effects on stock abundance dynamics. Simulation 'HYRQ 1XQH] %HQMDPLQ 3LFNDUG -DFTXHOLQH 0LWFKHOO DQG strategies are informed via detailed interviews and input from ad- $QGUHZ5K\QH visory teams from industry, management, and the Bureau of Ocean Roger Williams University, Department of Biology and Marine Energy Management. These simulations will improve understand- Biology, 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809 ing of how new offshore wind energy infrastructure may affect the [email protected] HFRQRPLFVRIWKH$WODQWLFVXUIFODPFRPPHUFLDO¿VKHU\ Many of the commonplace algal culture techniques used for LVRODWLQJDQGPDLQWDLQLQJFXOWXUHVZHUH¿UVWGHYHORSHGLQWKHODWH 1800s and early 1900s. Throughout the 1940s and 50s the need for mass volumes of dense microalgal cultures increased for use in wastewater management and aquaculture. During this time, cul- 0($685,1*7+($323727,&5(63216(72PERKIN- WXUHWHFKQLTXHVGHYHORSHGWRUHÀHFWDQGIXO¿OOWKLVQHHGVXFKDV SUS MARINUS,17+(($67(512<67(586,1*)/2: large-scale greenhouse culture in “k-tubes” which is still employed &<720(75<$1'781(/$66$< LQKDWFKHULHVWRGD\:KLOHWHFKQRORJ\IRUWKH¿QDOVWDJHVRIDOJDO %DKDD1RRUL 1(ULQ5REHUWV2'LQD3URHVWRX.DWKU\Q0DU scale-up have advanced, with options such as continuous culture NH\/XQGJUHQ0DU\6XOOLYDQDQG0DUWD*RPH]&KLDUUL2 hanging bags, raceways, and photobioreactors available, the early 1University of Rhode Island, Biological Sciences Department, stages of the process have remained largely unchanged through- 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 out time. Typical batch culture in hatcheries consists of scaling up 2University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal FXOWXUHVIURPWHVWWXEHVWRVPDOO(UOHQPH\HUÀDVNV ZKLFKPXVW and Veterinary Sciences, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 EHVZLUOHGE\KDQG WRODUJHU(UOHQPH\HUÀDVNV VRPHWLPHVDHU- 386'$ $56 1($ 1&:0$& 6KHOO¿VK *HQHWLFV 3URJUDP DWHGVRPHWLPHVQRW DQG¿QDOO\WRFDUER\V7KLVVFDOHXSSURFHVV 6KHOO¿VK*HQHWLFV3URJUDP.LQJVWRQ)ODJJ5G5, from smallest culture vessel to carboys is labor intensive and time [email protected] consuming- taking two to three weeks. Additionally, cell densities The eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD, provides important are relatively low ranging typically between 5-10 million cells/mL. ecological and economic services. Oyster populations have been Updated culture methods have been developed and put in place at VHYHUHO\LPSDFWHGLQWKHZLOGGXHWRGHFDGHVRIRYHU¿VKLQJDQG Roger Williams University that reduce the number of transfers and the emergence of several parasitic and bacterial diseases. Since the WLPHIURPVWDUWHUFXOWXUHWRFDUER\DQGLQFUHDVHFHOOGHQVLW\¿YHIROG 1950s, Dermo disease caused by the parasite 3HUNLQVXV PDULQXV (~25 million cells/mL of 7LVRFKU\VLVOXWHD). has led to increased oyster mortality in both wild and cultured eastern oysters. The parasite causes disease by invading oyster hemocytes and replicating within them, eventually causing hemocyte rupture and release of parasitic cells. Severe infections are characterized by anemia and general degeneration of the tissues, leading to death. Infected oyster hemocytes, however, can commit suicide by apoptosis (a form of programmed cell death), thus preventing replication of the parasite. Flow cytometry analysis of oyster hemocytes collected from selectively-bred oysters with varying levels of dermo-disease resistance after challenge with 3PDULQXVshowed no consistent effect of challenge on total levels of apoptosis. The goal of this research was to optimize protocols for further evaluation of the roleDO of apoptosis in immune defenses NOT in oysters against CITE 190 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

,1752'8&,1* 7+( 38%/,& 72 )5(6+:$7(5 086 and environmental conditions which could facilitate disease man- 6(/67+528*+0,''/(6&+22/678'(176 agement strategies. $QJHOD73DGHOHWWL 1'DQLHOOH$.UHHJHU1.XUW0&KHQJ1 One stock of oysters was split in two groups and settled in two .DUHQ

,17(535(7,1* 5(6,67$1&( 3+(127<3(6 86,1* 5(&29(5< 2) (/(9$7(' VIBRIO VULNIFICUS $1' */2%$/*(1((;35(66,213$77(516,17+(($67 VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS /(9(/6,1)$50('2<6 (512<67(529(57+(7,0(&2856(2)'(502,1 7(56 )520$/$%$0$$1' 1257+ &$52/,1$ )2/ )(&7,21 /2:,1*5287,1(+$1'/,1* 'LQD$3URHVWRX 1DQG0DU$6XOOLYDQ 9LFWRULD / 3UXHQWH :LOOLDP & :DOWRQ1 DQG -HVVLFD / 1USDA ARS National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center, -RQHV2 6KHOO¿VK*HQHWLFV/DERUDWRU$ODJJ.LQJVWRQ5, Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and 2University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal, Aquatic Sciences, 150 Agassiz Street, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 and Veterinary Science, 120 Flagg, Kingston, RI 02881 Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Adminis- [email protected] tration, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 'LVHDVHFKDOOHQJHH[SHULPHQWVKDYHKHOSHGGH¿QHHDVWHUQR\V- [email protected] ter resistance phenotypes for Dermo disease, caused by the parasite The routine handling of oysters is a common industry practice 3HUNLQVXVPDULQXV3UHYLRXVZRUNLGHQWL¿HGVXVFHSWLEOHDQGUHVLV- for off-bottom oyster farmers, who aim to produce a high-quali- tant phenotypes characterized by low parasite elimination rate/low ty oyster. These practices inherently expose oysters to elevated survival and moderate parasite elimination rate/high survival re- WHPSHUDWXUHVDQGLQWHUUXSW¿OWHUIHHGLQJUHVXOWLQJLQDQLQFUHDVH VSHFWLYHO\3KHQRW\SHVZHUHIXUWKHUGH¿QHGE\JOREDOWUDQVFULSWRPH of 9LEULRYXOQL¿FXV(9Y) and 9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV(Vp) within the analysis which showed a strong, immediate response consisting of oyster. In order to mitigate increased health risks to consumers, upregulation of protease inhibitors and oxidation-reduction process- farmers can re-submerse their oysters in the water after handling, es in the resistant oyster and a weak, poorly-organized response allowing the elevated levels of 9LEULRto recover to ambient levels in the susceptible oyster. Here a third phenotype, characterized before harvest. To determine the appropriate re-submersion time by high parasite elimination rate and low survival is discussed. To after routine handling, a set of studies was performed in Grand Bay, better understand the mechanisms underlying this phenotype, pat- Alabama and Cedar Island, North Carolina using the Oyster Gro terns of differentially expressed transcripts between control oysters system. Two handling treatments were applied to oysters [tumbled and those exposed to the parasite through either feeding or injec- and refrigerated (TR) or desiccated] over a 24-hour period, and tion were compared to previously described phenotypes. At 7 days then re-submersed. A set of non-treated oysters (submersed con- post-exposure the number of differentially expressed transcripts in trol) remained in the water to provide the ambient levels of 9LEULR the third phenotype was similar to the susceptible phenotype, how- in oysters as a reference. Levels of 9LEULRin all oysters were exam- ever only one transcript overlapped between the two groups. Within ined over a 14-day period by sampling before and after treatments the same time frame, more differentially expressed transcripts were were applied, and at 3, 7, and 14 days after re-submersion. In both detected in the resistant phenotype than the third phenotype but ten study years in both states (2018-2019), desiccated treatments expe- transcripts were shared between them with notably fewer protease ULHQFHGVLJQL¿FDQWLPPHGLDWHLQFUHDVHVLQ9LEULRlevels (Vp: 1.63- inhibitors upregulated in the third phenotype. At 28 d post-exposure, 2.63 log MPN/g, 9Y: 1.00-1.69 log MPN/g), while TR treatments 92 downregulated, differentially expressed genes in the third pheno- did not (Vp: 0.13-0.21 log MPN/g, 9Y: -0.27-0.33 log MPN/g), in type overlapped with those in the susceptible phenotype and were comparison to control levels. Re-submersion times may differ in associated with microtubule-based processes and organelle assem- the two states, with all 9LEULRtypes returning to background levels bly. Additional analyses probing the function of transcripts differ- in 3-7 days in North Carolina and 7-14 days in Alabama. entially expressed in the third phenotype and how they relate to the susceptible and resistant phenotypes will be discussed.

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they are in low salinity water can help understand the molecu- GHEULVÀRZZDVSUHGLFWHGWRSK\VLFDOO\DOWHUWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH lar mechanisms response to the low salinity and develop genetic benthic substrate, moving ideal substrate for oyster recruitment into markers to assist selective breeding. To investigate transcriptome areas outside the ideal temperature and salinity range for Olympia response to low salinity in adult oysters, wild adult oysters were oysters. To test these predictions, study sites across the salt marsh collected from Patuxent River, then were split into three groups looked for potential recruitment of oyster larvae. One oyster re- evenly and challenged in three tanks with different salinities (20, cruit was found on a site with preferred substrate, temperature, and 5, and 1). Gill tissues of four oysters per group were sampled at salinity. Understanding the lasting effects of natural disasters on 24-hour after challenge. RNA from the same group were pooled this foundation species can inform future adaptive management of into one sample based on equal RNA amounts. Compared with the wetlands as frequency of natural disasters increases. gene expression in the sample with salinity of 20, 2,399 genes were IRXQGVLJQL¿FDQWO\XSGRZQUHJXODWHGLQWKHVDPSOHZLWKVDOLQLW\ of 5, 2,083 were up/down-regulated in the sample with salinity of 1. Of them, 786 were observed co-up/down-regulated in the samples with salinity of 5 and 1. Twenty-six percent of these genes were an- &$5126,1( 5('8&(6 1(85272;,& ())(&76 2) notated directly through the eastern oyster genome. To investigate 0$1*$1(6(21$12<67(5*,//&,/,2,1+,%,725< transcriptome response in larvae, fertilized eggs were split evenly '23$0,1(6<67(0 and were cultured in two 200L tanks with salinity of 15 and 7. Af- &KULVWRSKHU 5DPLUH]1 -DQHWWH 4XLQWXQD2 (GQD *HRUJHV2 ter 36 hours of fertilization, D-larvae were collected for each tank. 0DUJDUHW$&DUUROO2DQG(GZDUG-&DWDSDQH2 Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expression analyses 1Kingsborough Community College, Department of Biology, UHYHDOHG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ XSUHJXODWHG DQG GRZQUHJXODWHG 2001 Oriental Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11235 genes. Only 21 of these genes were also found in those differential- 2Medgar Evers College, Department of Biology, 1638 Bedford O\H[SUHVVLRQJHQHVLGHQWL¿HGLQDGXOWR\VWHUV Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225 [email protected] Manganese causes manganism a Parkinson’s-like disease and disrupts dopamine neurotransmission. The neurotoxic mechanism is not fully resolved. Lack of effective treatment is an obstacle in (;3/25,1* 7+( 0(&+$1,606 %(+,1' '(&/,1,1* its clinical management. Gill lateral cell (GLC) cilia of &UDVVRVWUHD OSTREA LURIDA 3238/$7,216$)7(5 7+( 7+20$6 YLUJLQLFD are controlled by serotonergic-dopaminergic innervations. ),5('(%5,6)/2: Dopamine is cilio-inhibitory; serotonin cilio-excitatory. Acute and %UDQGRQ 4XLQWDQD1 (ULQ:LQVORZ2 1DWKDQLHO %XUROD2 DQG short-term manganese treatments block cilio-inhibitory effects of +XQWHU/HQLKDQ2 dopamine. This neurotoxicty of manganese is reversed by p-amin- 1University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Envi- osalicylic acid and taurine. Reports suggest the dipeptide carnosine ronmental Studies, 4312 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (EHWD-alanyl-L-histidine) is worth investigating as a neuroprotective 2University of California, Santa Barbara, Donald Bren School agent for manganism. Carnosine has anti-oxidative and chelating of Environment Science and abilities. To test if carnosine reduces neurotoxic actions of manga- Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 nese on cilio-inhibitory, acute experiments were conducted testing [email protected] dopamine dose responses on gills treated with manganese in the The Olympia oyster, 2VWUHDOXULGD, is the only oyster species presence or absence of carnosine. Cilia of control GLC respond- native to the West coast of North America. Populations once ranged ed normally to dopamine. Manganese disrupted the dopamine in- from British Columbia to Baja California, but have declined dra- duced cilio-inhibition and carnosine reduced this neurotoxic effect. matically due to coastal development and polluted coastal inlets. Short-term experiments also were conducted where & YLUJLQLFD The decline of these native oysters is problematic because they pro- were treated for 2, 3 and 5 days with manganese with or without vide many ecosystem services such as shoreline stabilization, water carnosine. For each treatment period co-treating with carnosine and TXDOLW\ LPSURYHPHQW IRRG IRU PDQ\ ¿VKHU\ VSHFLHV DQG KDELWDW manganese reduced the neurotoxic effect of manganese alone on the for many migratory birds. The Carpinteria Salt Marsh, a University cilio-inhibition, similar to sham-treated control animals. The study of California Natural Reserve, was historically one of the largest showed carnosine is effective in reducing neurotoxic effects of man- natural populations of Olympia oysters in Southern California; ganese on cilio-inhibition of dopamine in &YLUJLQLFD7KH¿QGLQJV however, a recent survey of the salt marsh in early 2019 found a are helpful in furthering the understanding of the neurotoxic mech- 76% decrease in the oyster population from historic levels. It is anism of manganese and provides evidence suggesting carnosine K\SRWKHVL]HGWKDWWKHUHFHQWGHEULVÀRZVDIWHUWKH7KRPDV¿UH needs to be further investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for dramatically altered the ecosystem which lead to the decline of the Manganism. Supported by grants NIGMS-2R25GM06003, NIH- Olympia oyster population; however, the exact mechanism behind K12GM093854-07A1 and 62344-00-50 of PSC-CUNY. KRZWKHGHEULVÀRZFDXVHGWKHSRSXODWLRQGHFOLQHLVXQFOHDU7KHDO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 193

0253+20(75,& &+$1*( :,7+ *52:7+ ,1 7+( bloom. After 48 hr, oysters were placed in clean seawater. Through- 6($6&$//23PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS RXWWKHH[SHULPHQWR\VWHUVZHUHFROOHFWHGIRU*'$TXDQWL¿FDWLRQ 7KHUHVD 5HGPRQG -HVVLFD %HUJHURQ 6DOO\ 5RPDQ 'DYLG via LC-MS/MS. Preliminary data indicate GDA concentrations in- 5XGGHUVDQG5RJHU0DQQ creased in oysters during exposure to GDA and declined over 24-48 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William and Mary, P.O. hr when oysters were placed in clean water. A full-scale study is Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 planned to more comprehensively investigate uptake and transport [email protected] to different tissues and longer-term depuration. The sea scallop 3ODFRSHFWHQ PDJHOODQLFXV displays a subtle change in morphometry as it increases in size and age. Previously, Dadswell and Weihs (1990) related these changes to hydrodynamics and swimming capability in scallops from Passamaquoddy Bay, Canada and indicated a three-stage adult life history of early seden- (;$0,1,1*7+(())(&762)0,&52$/*$/0(7$% tary, mid-life mobile, and a later second sedentary stage. Herein, the 2/,7(6 21 3$57,&/( 75$163257 %< 7+( *,// 2) discussion of Dadswell and Weihs is extended to collections from 6863(16,21)((',1*%,9$/9(02//86&6 the Georges Bank and Mid-Atlantic shelf regions of the U.S. East 0DULD5RVD1 -(YDQ:DUG2DQG6DQGUD(6KXPZD\2 Coast. The project aims to compare the morphological transitions 1Connecticut College, Department of Biology, 270 Mohegan associated with life history stages and adds the important function Ave., New London CT 06320 of age to these transitions and stages. It includes a discussion of 2University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, the time sequence of morphological change in terms of the role of 1080 Shennecossett Rd., Groton CT 06340 scallops as benthic dominants in their bathymetric range, temporal [email protected] DQGVSDWLDOVWRFNVWDELOLW\DQGLPSOLFDWLRQVIRU¿VKHU\PDQDJHPHQW Suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs have evolved a highly-effective particle discrimination mechanism, allowing them to SURFHVVHI¿FLHQWO\PDWHULDOWRZKLFKWKH\DUHH[SRVHG7KHPHFK- anisms controlling this pre-ingestive sorting process have been described as either passive or active. Passive selection is depen- %,2$&&808/$7,21 $1' '(385$7,21 2) 7+( dent upon physicochemical interactions between particles and +$50)8/$/*$/ %/22072;,1 *21,2'20,1$ ,1 the feeding organs, whereas active selection is dependent upon a CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA physiological response by the feeding organs to food stimuli (e.g., &ODUD/5RELVRQ -XOLHWWH/6PLWK:LOOLDP0-RQHV*DLO3 chemoreception). Evidence for a passive selection mechanism has 6FRWWDQG.LPEHUO\65HHFH been demonstrated in several species of bivalves. In contrast, to Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Department of Aquatic date there has been no evidence that active selection mechanisms Health Sciences, William and Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester underlay particle selection, although the possibility of such mech- Point, VA 23602 anisms has been hypothesized numerous times. The present study [email protected] was designed to assess experimentally the response by the fron- The toxigenic algal species, $OH[DQGULXPPRQLODWXP is known WDOFLOLDRIJLOO¿ODPHQWVDOLNHO\ORFXVIRUDQDFWLYHUHVSRQVHWR to form harmful algal blooms (HAB) in marine and estuarine wa- dissolved extracellular and intracellular substances from algae. In ters on the southeastern coast of the US and in the Gulf of Mexico. YLYR experiments examined particle transport by the frontal cilia This species produces goniodomin A (GDA), a lipophilic toxin that of the eastern oyster &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, as the gill in this spe- has been isolated from $OH[DQGULXP spp. in Asia, the Gulf of Mex- cies is involved in particle selection. Results demonstrated that ico, and Chesapeake Bay. Laboratory research has demonstrated addition of algal FHOOPHWDEROLWHVKDGQRVLJQL¿FDQWHIIHFWRQWKH adverse impacts of both $PRQLODWXP cells and isolated GDA to transport of particles being transported dorsally or ventrally (i.e., PDULQHOLIHLQFOXGLQJODUYDO¿VKPRUWDOLW\DQGJLOOSDWKRORJ\DV likely ingested YV likely rejected, respectively) between control and well as mortality of juvenile oysters and grazing inhibition of oys- experimental treatments. Although contact chemoreception can- WHUVDQGRWKHUVKHOO¿VKVSHFLHV7KHSUHFLVHPHFKDQLVPRIWR[LFL- not be completely ruled out as a factor in active selection, these ty contributing to these adverse impacts is currently unknown. In ¿QGLQJVIXUWKHUGHPRQVWUDWHWKDWSDVVLYHPHFKDQLVPVDQGQRWDQ addition, no controlled bioaccumulation and depuration assay has active physiological response (i.e., chemoreception of dissolved been carried out in the laboratory to investigate whether this toxin metabolites), best determine particle fate. accumulates in animal tissues and, if so, to what extent depuration occurs and over what period of time. In a preliminary study to examine uptake and depuration of toxin, sub-market size oysters (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) were placed in individual jars and exposed to a clonal strainDO of $PRQLODWXP isolated from a ChesapeakeNOT Bay CITE 194 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

7+( &$6( )25 %,63+(12/ %3$ $6$1 2%(62*(1 pletion of their life cycles. To date, “endogenous viral elements” &2175,%87256727+(&217529(56< (EVE) of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus %HYHUO\65XELQ &KHU\O06FKDHEHUOHDQG$QD06RWR (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been found Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Immunol- in penaeid shrimp. For practical diagnostic approach, it necessitat- ogy, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111 ed a change in the routine method to distinguish between infected [email protected] shrimp and EVE-containing samples. In the case of IHHNV, infect- Since the inception of the term endocrine disruptor, the idea ed shrimp species have been developing resistance to the virus, thus that the environment is an important determinant of phenotype has it is a challenge to separate shrimp carrying both infectious form of motivated researchers to explore the effect of low dose exposure virus and EVE from those that are infected only (i.e. the former and to BPA during organogenesis. The syndrome observed was com- latter would be recognized by conventional PCR testing). Discard plex, affecting various endpoints: reproduction and reproductive of domesticated shrimp breeding stocks based on such false posi- tissues, behavior, mammary gland development and carcinogen- tive results might have negative consequences, if such inserts are esis, glucose homeostasis, and obesity. This constellation of im- related to shrimp viral disease tolerance according to “viral accom- pacted endpoints suggests the possibility of complex interactions modation hypothesis.” It is thus necessary to improve accuracy in among the multiple effects of early BPA exposure. Rodent studies diagnosis of IHHNV infection. For example, multiplex PCR anal- showed alterations of energy and amino-acid metabolism that were ysis is developed to amplify the entire IHHNV genome, ensuring detected soon after birth and continued through six months of age. the accurate diagnosis, and the technique must be convenient for The classical manifestations of obesity and associated elements of practical application. More recently, isothermal nucleic acid ampli- metabolic disease took a longer time to become apparent. Here, ¿FDWLRQWHFKQLTXHVVXFKDVORRSPHGLDWHGLVRWKHUPDODPSOL¿FDWLRQ the validity of the often-mentioned lack of reproducibility of obe- (LAMP) comprises primers targeting OIE-recommended region sogenic effects of BPA is examined, starting from the known envi- and the 3’end of the viral genome that has been reported to be less ronmental causes of variation, which are diverse, ranging from the occurrence of EVE in the shrimp genome. theoretical like the individuation process and the non-monotonici- ty of the dose-response curve, to the very pragmatic like housing, feed, and time and route of exposure. The environmental conditions that may hinder reproducibility are explored and the effect of confounding factors such as BPA-induced hyperactivity will be &$6(,1*2877+(75$16&5,3720,&62)08/7,/( discussed. In spite of all the potential sources of variation, it was &2$67$/$17+5232*(1,&675(6625621($67(51 shown that some obesogenic or metabolic effects of BPA are re- 2<67(5/$59$( producibly observed when study conditions are analogous. Study 0DUJDUHW(6FKHGO1 .DWKOHHQ(/RWWHUKRV2-RKDQQD$+DU authors should describe details of their study conditions including YH\DQG-RQDWKDQ%3XULW]1 the environment, husbandry, and feed. Finally, when experimental 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- conditions are strictly maintained, reproducibility and stability of es, 120 Flagg Road, Kingstown, RI 02882 the obese phenotype is consistently observed. 2Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA, 01908 3American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024 6+5,03 (1'2*(1286 9,5$/ (/(0(176 (9( 2) [email protected] ,1)(&7,286 +<32'(50$/ $1' +(0$7232,(7,& Coastal environments are the primary habitat for much of the 1(&526,69,586 ,++19 $1'7+(,5,03/,&$7,216 diversity of marine organisms, but are also heavily impacted by hu- )256+5,03',$*126,6 man activity. Anthropogenic nutrient input can come in many forms, 9DQYLPRQ 6DNVPHUSURPH 6DURFKD -LWUDNRUQ 1DURQJ LQFOXGLQJ XELTXLWRXV VHZDJH HIÀXHQW RXWIDOOV ZKLFK DGG QLWURJHQ $UXQUXW1:DQVLND.LDWSDWKRPFKDL1DQG7LPRWK\:)OHJHO as well as other human wastes into the environment. Nutrient input 1National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnolo- increases primary production, leading to increased respiration, fol- gy (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development ORZHG E\ ORFDOL]HG FRDVWDO ZDWHU DFLGL¿FDWLRQ 2XU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., of the effects of multiple anthropogenic stressors on the particularly Klong Neung, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand vulnerable larval life stage of coastal organisms is lacking, name- 2Centex Shrimp Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama ly the potentially synergistic effects of stressors have not yet been VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand tested with robust molecular techniques. In this experiment, east- [email protected] ern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) larval pools were subjected to 24 Integration of non-retroviral fragments into animal genomes KRXUPHVRFRVPWUHDWPHQWVRIHLWKHUDPELHQWVHDZDWHUDFLGL¿HGVHD has been found for a few decades as a result of infection and com- ZDWHU aDWPpCO VHDZDWHUZLWKWUHDWHGVHZDJHHIÀXHQW DO NOT 2 CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 195

YYUDWLR RUDFRPELQHGWUHDWPHQWRIDFLGL¿FDWLRQDQGVHZDJH '8.(81,9(56,7<0$5,1(/$% HIÀXHQW /DUYDH ZHUH ¿OWHUHG 51$ ZDV H[WUDFWHG DQG VHTXHQFHG RP6FKXOW] IRUH[SUHVVLRQDQDO\VLV0DQ\VLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQWLDOO\H[SUHVVHG Duke University Marine Laboratory,135 Marine Lab Road, genes are not shared across any of the three treatments, suggesting Beaufort, NC 28516 that the stressors do not have an additive expression response in the [email protected] combined treatment. Further analysis of the function of these genes The Duke University Marine Lab (https://nicholas.duke.edu/ will shed light on the transcriptional response to these stressors and marinelab) is a satellite campus of Duke University located on Piv- help to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how eastern ers Island in coastal North Carolina. The campus is a full-service oyster larvae respond to coastal anthropogenic effects. campus operating year round and offering courses four terms per year (Fall, Spring, and two Summer Terms). There are approximately 15 full-time faculty based at the marine lab. The marine lab has a vibrant student community consisting of undergraduate, professional Masters, and PhD students. Facilities at the marine lab '(9(/23,1* %(67 0$1$*(0(17 35$&7,&(6 )25 include dorms (5), a dining hall, a library, an auditorium, a student 7+( &2(;,67(1&( 2) 2<67(5$48$&8/785($1' activity center, teaching classrooms, teaching and research labora- ((/*5$66,10$66$&+86(77686$ tories, running sea water, docks, boats (in- and off-shore capabili- )RUHVW 5 6FKHQFN .DWKU\Q )RUG 0DUN 5RXVVHDX2 DQG ties). Faculty at the marine lab maintain active research programs 5DQGDOO+XJKHV1 and engage students at all levels. Multiple programs are currently 1Northeastern University, Department of Marine and Environ- VXSSRUWHGE\WKHPDULQHODE7KH'XNH$TXDIDUPLVDVKHOO¿VK mental Sciences, Marine Science Center, 430 Nahant Road, Nah- aquaculture farm that provides students with volunteer opportuni- ant, MA 01908 ties for doing oyster culture. The Marine Robotics and Remote 20DVVDFKXVHWWV'LYLVLRQRI0DULQH)LVKHULHV)LHOG2I¿FH Sensing Facility (aka. “Drone” Lab) employs multiple platforms Emerson Avenue, Gloucester, MA 01930 for remote sensing of the marine environment. Pivers Island 30DVVDFKXVHWWV'LYLVLRQRI0DULQH)LVKHULHV0DLQ2I¿FH Coastal Observatory (PICO) is a long-term physical and biological Causeway Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114 monitoring program for coastal oceanography. The Marine AlGae [email protected] Industrialization Consortium (MAGIC) is a DOE-funded project Aquaculture does not happen in a vacuum, but rather within focused on growing algae at industrial scales for biofuels. These and, in some cases, in place of natural ecosystems. The resulting programs and the facilities at the Duke Marine Lab provide both interactions among aquaculture and the ecological structure and students and faculty with numerous opportunities for participating function of natural ecosystems can have consequences for the ben- in cutting-edge research in marine science. H¿WVWKHVHV\VWHPVSURYLGHDVZHOODVWKHLUUHVLOLHQFHWRVWUHVVRUV,Q Massachusetts (MA), the vast majority of aquaculture permits are for “farms” that grow oysters (&UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD) in shallow, protected waters, where they closely abut eelgrass (=RVWHUDPDUL- na) habitat. In MA, eelgrass habitat has declined substantially over ,'(17,)<,1* 02/(&8/$5 0$5.(56 $662&,$7(' the past 20 years and is recognized as a conservation and restoration :,7+5(6,/,(1&(722&($1$&,',),&$7,21,17+( priority. Current aquaculture regulations in MA discourage the in- ($67(512<67(5 teraction of oyster farms and eelgrass, limiting the opportunities &DUROLQH6FKZDQHU1 $UQDXG7DQJX\2,VDEHOOH%RXWHW26DUDK to test for potential synergism between aquaculture and eelgrass )DUKDW10LFKHOOH%DUERVD1&KULVWRSKHU*REOHU1(PPDQXHOOH conservation in this system. In order to effectively manage oyster 3DOHV(VSLQRVD1DQG%DVVHP$OODP1 aquaculture and eelgrass going forward, decision makers need to 1Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmoshperic know the answers to questions regarding both the ecological and Sciences, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 human aspects of this interaction. To address these knowledge gaps 2Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, this project will 1) develop collaborations to transfer knowledge Place Georges Teissier 29680 Roscoff from studies investigating interactions between oyster aquacul- [email protected] ture and eelgrass in other regions to MA and 2) engage with local Natural genetic variation is a valuable source of resilience to managers, stakeholders, and oyster farmers using a participatory changing environments. The eastern oyster (&UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQL- PRGHOLQJIUDPHZRUNWRLGHQWLI\WKHEHQH¿WVDQGOLPLWDWLRQVRIHQ- FD) lives in spatio-temporally highly variable environments. This couraging greater interaction between eelgrass and oyster aquacul- species is able to survive in a wide variety of environments due ture in MA. The ultimate goal is to compile this information into a WRLWVSK\VLRORJLFDOSODVWLFLW\HYROXWLRQDU\DGDSWDWLRQWRVSHFL¿F document of best management practices regarding eelgrass-aqua- environments, or both. It is well-recognized that the evolution of culture interactions in MA to guide bivalve aquaculture permitting. resilience to climate related stressors depends on the standing stock DO NOTof genetic variation. The oysterCITE genome is highly polymorphic and 196 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

has many genes related to environmental stress, supporting a high frequency water quality data, including temperature, salinity, pH, capacity for the species to adapt to changing environments. This GLVVROYHGR[\JHQDQGFKORURSK\OOĮ1XWULHQWGDWDKDYHEHHQFRO- VWXG\DLPHGDWWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIPROHFXODUSDWKZD\VDVVRFLDW- lected over the years by the Chesapeake Bay Program. These data HGZLWKR\VWHUUHVLOLHQFHWRRFHDQDFLGL¿FDWLRQ$GXOWR\VWHUVZHUH were analyzed for correlations between the various water quality spawned and larvae were reared in ambient (pCO2 of ~600 ppm) or parameters and bloom occurrence. DFLGL¿HG aSSP FRQGLWLRQVLPPHGLDWHO\XSRQIHUWLOL]DWLRQ RNA and DNA samples were collected at different time points (time

0 before larvae were moved to pCO2 treatments, after 96 hours, and after metamorphosis) and processed for gene expression and SNP SUR¿OLQJ +LJKWKURXJKSXW 613 SUR¿OLQJ PHWKRGV GG5$'6HT 52/( 2) &2/' 6+2&. '20$,1 &217$,1,1* 352 were applied to DNA samples. Frequency shift of SNPs was con- 7(,1 ( &6'( ,1 1(8521$/ '(9(/230(17 ,1 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA trasted between sampling times and pCO2 conditions to identify genetic variants associated with resilience. RNASeq was performed 7D\ORU06FXWDUL &KORH5+RYKDQQLVVLDQ on RNA samples to identify differentially expressed genes in the DQG0DXUHHQ..UDXVH larval and juvenile oysters in different pCO treatments. Results 2 Hofstra University, Biology Department, 114 Hofstra Universi- will be discussed with a focus on molecular pathways and mecha- ty, Hempstead, NY 11549-1140 QLVPVLQYROYHGLQR\VWHUUHVLOLHQFHWRDFLGL¿FDWLRQ [email protected] Cold Shock Domain Containing Protein-E1 (CSDE-1) is an RNA binding protein involved in post-transcriptional processes and neuronal development in vertebrates. The CSDE-1 gene is conserved in metazoan animals but has been studied almost exclu- &255(/$7,216%(7:((1:$7(548$/,7<3$5$0( sively in mammals and 'URVRSKLOD; little is known about its role in- 7(56$1'/$7(6800(5+$50)8/$/*$/%/2206 YHUWHEUDWHV6SHFL¿FDOO\&6'(ELQGVWRWDUJHWVHTXHQFHVIRXQG ,17+(/2:(5&+(6$3($.(%$<86$ within the 3’ UTR, gene body, or 5’ UTR of mRNA transcripts *DLO36FRWW &ODUD5RELVRQ:LOOLDP-5HD\0DUN-%UXVK to upregulate or downregulate their translation. The Wnt signal- DQG.LPEHUO\65HHFH ing pathway, a critical process for development, including dendrite Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Department of Aquatic PRUSKRJHQHVLVRIQHXURQVLVLQÀXHQFHGE\&6'(UHJXODWLRQLQ Health Sciences, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester PDPPDOVȕFDWHQLQP51$ZKLFKHQFRGHVDSURWHLQGRZQVWUHDP Point, VA 23062 in the Wnt signaling pathway, is one important target of CSDE-1; [email protected] CSDE-1 is essential for the Wnt signaling pathway to occur and Late summer blooms of $OH[DQGULXPPRQLODWXP and 0DUJD- produce normal, fully functional neurons in humans. Since homo- OH¿GLQLXP (formerly &RFKORGLQLXP) SRO\NULNRLGHV have occurred logs for component proteins of Wnt signaling are found in mollus- throughout the lower Chesapeake Bay since 2007. Laboratory bio- can genomes, it was predicted that CSDE-1’s role as a translation- assays have demonstrated acute dose dependent toxicity of these al regulator of these proteins would be evolutionarily conserved. species to oysters at different stages of development. Local oyster Quantitative western blots are being used to identify tissues where culturists have reported several juvenile oyster mortality events to CSDE-1 is expressed in adult and juvenile tissues of &UDVVRVWUHD researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science during and YLUJLQLFD. Bioinformatics analyses and RNA electrophoretic mobil- immediately following these blooms at grow-out locations. This led LW\VKLIWDVVD\V (06$ DUHEHLQJXVHGWRFRQ¿UPWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQ to increased tracking of bloom activity. In some years, such as 2015 RI&6'(ELQGLQJWRȕFDWHQLQDQGRWKHUQHXURQDOGHYHORSPHQWDO and 2016, dense blooms of both species occurred with $PRQLO- genes. CSDE-1 localization in neuronal tissue is being determined DWXPcell counts greater than 100,000 cells/mL in the York River in E\FRQIRFDOLPPXQRÀXRUHVFHQFHLPDJLQJ&6'(LVKLJKO\H[- some water samples. In other years, such as 2014 and 2018, there pressed in &YLUJLQLFDganglia. The role of CSDE-1 in regulating were no blooms of either species in the York and extremely low cell translation in neuronal development appears to be, at least in part, counts. Annual variations in weather conditions, nutrient levels, evolutionarily conserved in molluscs including C. YLUJLQLFD and other environmental parameters likely affect the density and GLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVHEORRPV)RUH[DPSOHLQFUHDVHGÀXVKLQJUDWHV and low salinity seen in 2018 due to heavy rainfall that summer may have contributed to the lack of blooms. The Virginia Estuarine and Coastal Observing System (VECOS) of the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (CBNERR) has maintained continuous monitoring stations in the York River that record high DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 197

%(17+,& +$%,7$7$66(660(17 )25 '(7(50,1,1* mortality and disease data. Health assessments at COL have since 68,7$%/,/,7<)252<67(55(6725$7,21 H[SDQGHGWRPXOWLSOH¿VKDQGVKHOO¿VKVSHFLHVDVZHOODVPDULQH /DXULQGD/6HUD¿Q1 -RGL'HZ%D[WHU1:DUG6ODFXP2'DQ mammals and sea turtles. Research priorities have also broadened LHOOH=DYHWD6DUD&ROHPDQ2DQG6WHSKDQLH:HVWE\4 to help better inform local, state, and federal decision-making. Cur- 1Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 580 Taylor Ave., rent priorities address coastal habitat assessment and restoration, Annapolis, MD 21401 SDWKRJHQ IRUHFDVWLQJ ¿VK UHFUXLWPHQW DQG KDELWDW PRGHOLQJ IRU 2Oyster Recovery Partnership, 1805A Virginia St., Annapolis, HFRV\VWHPVEDVHG¿VKHULHVPDQDJHPHQWHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVHYDO- MD 21401 uation, and climate related risk vulnerability. COL scientists con- 3Versar, 9200 Rumsey Rd., # 100, Columbia, MD 21045 tinue to expand our understanding of estuaries and improve com- 4National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 200 Harry munity resilience by developing and applying novel techniques and S. Truman Parkway, Annapolis, MD 21401 by transforming research into products used by people every day. ODXULQGDVHUD¿Q#PDU\ODQGJRY The laboratory is located in the town of Oxford on the Tred Understanding benthic habitat is critical for determining areas Avon River, a tributary of Choptank River in Chesapeake Bay. It suitable for oyster restoration. Oyster habitat can be initially classi- KDV VTXDUH IHHW RI ODERUDWRU\ DQG RI¿FH VSDFH LQFOXGLQJ ¿HGXVLQJDVRQDUVXUYH\EXWLQGHSWKH[DPLQDWLRQVKRXOGEHFRQ- wet labs, quarantine facilities, and a 58’ research vessel and smaller ducted to determine the type of oyster restoration required. Some boats to support research operations. COL employs about 50 fed- restoration areas may need reef-building substrate added to the reef eral, state, and contractual staff and welcomes visiting scientists footprint, followed by planting with live oysters, while other areas DQGVWXGHQWV$YDLODELOLW\RI¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWIRULQWHUQVKLSVYDULHV are suitable for planting live oysters on existing remnant reefs. A among COL partners. habitat quality index was developed to assess benthic habitat using DV\VWHPDWLFSDWHQWWRQJVXUYH\7KHLQGH[HYDOXDWHG¿YHEHQWKLF habitat components: percent exposed shell, primary and secondary substrate, surface sediment, number of live oysters and surface shell volume. Binary scores were assigned to each benthic compo- )2//2:,1* 7+( %,* %(1' 6+(//),6+ 75$,/ ,1 QHQWDQGD¿QDOVXLWDELOLW\VFRUHZDVGHULYHGIRUHDFKVDPSOH6SD- )/25,'$86$ tially explicit maps of habitat suitability scores for a sampling grid 1DWDOLH6LPRQ1 6DYDQQD%DUU\2DQG/HVOLH6WXUPHU1 were developed and assessed at the site level for benthic habitat and 18QLYHUVLW\RI)ORULGD,)$66KHOO¿VK$TXDFXOWXUH([WHQVLRQ restoration treatments. This method proved to be a useful tool for 11350 SW 153rd Court, Cedar Key, FL 32625 ground-truthing benthic habitat for oyster restoration in the Upper 2University of Florida/IFAS, Nature Coast Biological Station, St. Mary River oyster sanctuary. 552 1st Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625 QVLPRQ#XÀHGX The Big Bend region of Florida has a long history of natural UHVRXUFH GHSHQGHQFH 2\VWHUV FUDEV VKULPS DQG ¿VK KDYH DOO crossed the docks of rural communities in this region at one time &223(5$7,9(2;)25'/$%25$725<±$%,5'¶6(<( or another in abundance. To highlight the unique and diverse shell- 9,(: ¿VK UHVRXUFHV WKH *XOI RI 0H[LFR VXSSRUWV D WRXULVP LQLWLDWLYH 6X]DQQH6NHOOH\DQG6KDZQ0F/DXJKOLQ ³)ROORZWKH%LJ%HQG6KHOO¿VK7UDLO´ZDVLPSOHPHQWHGLQ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), In partnership with visitors’ bureaus and chambers of commerce National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Cooperative Oxford in four coastal counties and with support by The Conservation Laboratory, 904 South Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654 Fund, a map identifying local businesses where visitors can buy, [email protected] HDWDQGVRPHWLPHVKDUYHVWORFDOVKHOO¿VKZDVGHYHORSHG:LWK Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (COL) is a unique combination National Maritime Heritage Grant Program funding, the map was RI VFLHQWL¿F UHVSRQVH DQG PDQDJHPHQW FDSDELOLWLHV RI 1DWLRQDO recently expanded to an actual trail through the placement of col- Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Maryland Department orful, interpretive signage kiosks in the area. These kiosks serve of Natural Resources (DNR), and U.S. Coast Guard. All three orga- as points of interest and convey cultural and historical information nizations collaborate to meet their respective missions and address DERXWWKHVKHOO¿VKKDUYHVWHGDQGSURFHVVHGDWHDFKZRUNLQJZD- science. terfront location. An interactive website, ZZZÀRULGDVKHOO¿VKWUDLO The laboratory was established in 1960 to investigate oyster org, provides information on kiosk locations, suggested road trips, diseases in Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The year 2019 marks LQIRJUDSKLFVRIHDFKVKHOO¿VKVSHFLHV ED\VFDOORSEOXHFUDETXD- the 80th anniversary of the Maryland Fall Oyster Survey, an an- hogs, oyster, shrimp, and stone crab), recreational and commercial nual assessmentDO by DNR to provide managers withNOT reproduction, harvesting, importance of waterCITE quality, recipes, and more. The Big 198 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

%HQG6KHOO¿VK7UDLOWKHODUJHVWWUDLORILWVNLQGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV ,1'(37+ ,19(67,*$7,21 ,172 3$7+23+<6,2/2 has the potential of being a valuable public educational tool that *<2)7+(*870(7$*(120($1'+2675(63216( will simultaneously enhance the authenticity and sustainability of 72 VP$+31' ,1 0$'$*$6&$5±0$/$<6,$ &5266%5(' WKHGHVWLQDWLRQVDVZHOODVEHLQJHFRQRPLFDOO\EHQH¿FLDOIRUWKH %/$&.7,*(56+5,03PENAEUS MONODON&2+257 working waterfront communities in the region. 672&.6 7]H&KLHZ&KULVWLH6RR1 DQG6XEKD%KDVVX 1University of Malaya, Department of Genetics and Molecu- lar Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia '(9(/230(17 2) $ *(1(5$/,=(' 75$160,66,21 2University of Malaya, Centre for Research in Biotechnology $1'352/,)(5$7,2102'(/)25:,7+(5,1*6<1 for Agriculture (CEBAR), Research Management and Innovation '520()2563(&,(62))$50('$1':,/'$%$/2 Complex, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia NE [email protected] /DXUD6ROLQJHU1 &DURO\Q)ULHGPDQ2(LOHHQ+RIPDQQ(ULF A recently emerged lethal shrimp bacterial infection known 3RZHOO1-RKQ.OLQFN/HDQQH3RXVVDUG1DQG.DWKOHHQ+HPH as Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) has led on1 to massive farmed shrimp mortalities including the black tiger 1University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Coastal shrimp, 3HQDHXVPRQRGRQ. This disease is mainly caused by 9LE- Sciences, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Drive, ULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV AHPND strain (VpAHPND) bacteria. During Ocean Springs, MS 39564 VpAHPND infection, an intriguing matter would be the possibility of 2University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sci- synergistic co-infection or secondary infection of other bacterial ences, 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020 Seattle, WA 98195 species during VpAHPND infection and colonization in the shrimp gut. 3Old Dominion University, Ocean Earth and Atmospheric Sci- The biochemical changes of shrimp hepatopancreas during differences, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529 ent stages of toxin damage or site colonization by VpAHPND is also [email protected] vital for understanding the host-pathogen interaction. The present Overharvesting and disease outbreaks have led to a decline in study aims to provide an insight into the alterations of 3PRQRGRQ abundance for many of the seven abalone species of the US West gut metagenome and hepatopancreas biochemical activity when Coast, including two of which are currently listed as “endangered” challenged with VpAHPND. 16S metagenomic analysis was conduct- pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act of 1973 and three of ed for both control and infected gut samples. Different bacterial di- which are listed as species of concern. While management actions versity was determined between the control and infected samples. have been taken in the recent past to limit harvest of abalone, the Pathogenic bacterial species potentially involved in co-infection or emergence of Withering Syndrome (WS) in 1985 has since exerted secondary infection together with VpAHPNDZHUHLGHQWL¿HG)XUWKHU VWURQJLQÀXHQFHRQDOUHDG\GHFOLQLQJZLOGSRSXODWLRQVRIDEDORQH LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIVKULPSJXWEDFWHULDOSURSHUWLHVVXFKDVDQWLELRWLF and on the culture of red abalone. WS is caused by the intracyto- resistance assists in understanding host-associated and environ- plasmic rickettsia-like organism (RLO), which disrupts functioning PHQWVSHFL¿F PLFURELDO FRPPXQLWLHV LQÀXHQFHG E\ 3 PRQRGRQ of the digestive gland, leading to catabolism of the foot muscle, farming. Biochemical tests including Phenoloxidase (PO) Test, and eventually death. El Niño conditions and elevated seawater Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Test, and Nitric Oxide (NO) Test temperatures have been associated with increased prevalence of were conducted using challenged shrimp hepatopancreas samples. WS-RLO infections. Understanding the characteristics of RLO 6WDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWELRFKHPLFDODFWLYLW\LQFUHPHQWVZHUHRE- transmission and proliferation (e.g. sinks and sources of infective served across different post-AHPND infection time points espe- HOHPHQWVWKHUPDOWKUHVKROGVRULJLQVRIVSHFLHVVSHFL¿FVXVFHSWL- cially in the middle time points (12 and 24 hours post-infection). bility) and how they may impact population dynamics of abalone In conclusion, besides the observation of empty gut, the underlying are important to promote stock rebuilding. Here, a SLIP (suscepti- 3PRQRGRQ gut metagenome and host biochemical response were ble, latent infection, patent infection, waterborne infective particle) also affected during VpAHPND infection. modelling approach is presented to simulate disease progression and subsequent population dynamics of three species of abalone as LQÀXHQFHGE\WHPSHUDWXUHVSHFLHVDVVHPEODJHKRVWVXVFHSWLELOLW\ and proximity to sources/sinks of RLO. This work will inform management plans for restoration of wild populations and sustainability of farming operations to disease incidence in projected near-future climate change conditions. DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 199

,19(67,*$7,21 2) 7+( 2&&855(1&( $1' $%81 EDFWHULQKLEHQVS4 (S4) and %DFLOOXVSXPLOXVRI06-95 (RI), have '$1&(2)BONAMIA EXITIOSA IN OSTREA EDULIS$1' EHHQGHPRQVWUDWHGDVHIIHFWLYHSURELRWLFVFRQIHHULQJKHDOWKEHQH¿WV CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA 3238/$7,216 ,1 0$66$ to larval oysters against bacterial pathogens. Commercial formu- &+866(776$1'5+2'(,6/$1'86$ ODWLRQVRIWKHVHSURELRWLFVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGIRUXVHLQVKHOO¿VK $OOLVRQ6XULDQ $OOH[*RXUOD\DQG5R[DQQD6PRORZLW] KDWFKHULHV7KLVVWXG\VHHNVWR WHVWDQGRSWLPL]HWKHHI¿FDF\RI Roger Williams University Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 commercially-produced formulations in protecting larval oysters in Old Field Road, Bristol, RI 02809 hatcheries, and 2) determine probiotic treatment effect on hatchery [email protected] bacterial communities. Two hatchery trials were carried out in June Infections of %RQDPLD spp. have caused mass mortalities in and July 2019. Probionts S4 and RI were administered to treatment oyster species such as 2VWUHDFKLOHQVLV, 2DQJDVL, 2HGXOLV, and tanks (n= 3 – 6) daily for 12 days. Larval survival, growth, size, 2VWHQWLQD, compromising both farms and wild stocks. Infections and environmental factors were measured in control (no probiotic) of %RQDPLD H[LWLRVD ZHUH ¿UVW QRWHG LQ &UDVVRVWUHD YLUJLQLFD in and treatment tanks. Larval-associated bacterial community struc- Massachusetts in 2013 and were not observed again until 2018. ture was analyzed using sequencing of the 16S rRNA V6 region. Because of its history as a pathogen in other species and as an OIE Probiotic treatment had no negative impact on larval survival or reportable pathogen, %H[LWLRVD has arisen as a pathogen of interest JURZWKZKHQSURYLGHGDWWKHWDUJHWHGGRVH6LJQL¿FDQWJURZWKHQ- in &YLUJLQLFD in the northeast United States. There is currently a hancement was observed in S4-treated tanks between days 4 – 6 VLJQL¿FDQWODFNRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHRFFXUUHQFHDQGLPSDFWRIB. after spawning in one of the trials. Probiotic treatment altered the H[LWLRVD infections in &YLUJLQLFD, and any morbidity and mortality microbial community of the oyster larvae in both trials. Further that may occur. This study investigates the prevalence of %H[LWLRVD DQDO\VLVZLOOHOXFLGDWHWKHLQÀXHQFHRIHQYLURQPHQWDOSDUDPHWHUV in cultured and wild &YLUJLQLFD and 2HGXOLV,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRI including variability in pre-existing microbial communities, on %H[LWLRVD was performed through PCR and LQVLWX hybridization SURELRWLFHI¿FDF\7KLVUHVHDUFKZLOOOHDGWRRSWLPL]DWLRQRISUREL- ,6+ 6SHFL¿FSULPHUVDQGSUREHVIRU%H[LWLRVD from previous otic application to enhance oyster larval production. works by Ramilo et al. (2013, 2014) were used to determine B. H[LWLRVDLQIHFWLRQLQR\VWHUV8VLQJSRVLWLYHLQGLYLGXDOVLGHQWL¿HG LQ3&5,6+PHWKRGVZHUHXVHGWRSLQSRLQWVSHFL¿FWLVVXHORFD- tions of infection and severity of infection to provide information RQWKHG\QDPLFVDQGELRORJ\RIWKHGLVHDVH,GHQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKH &21-8*$7,9(75$16)(52)7+(39$3/$60,'5( occurrence and location and association with pathologies will help 68/7(',17+()250$7,212)$+31'&$86,1*VIB- inform aquaculturists and regulators who need to understand the RIO%$&7(5,$ effects of infection by %H[LWLRVD in &YLUJLQLFDand 2HGXOLV. .DWK\ 7DQJ ;XDQ 'RQJ -LSHQJ 6RQJ -LD\XDQ &KHQ 'H[L %L+DLOLDQJ:DQJ:HQFKDR:DQJ

04357 In this study, the pVA1 plasmid was shown to transfer from VAH- 4 U Envera LIC LLC., 1696 Waterglen Drive, West Chester, PA PND to non-pathogenic 9LEULR bacteria. A pVPGX1-&P plasmid (a 19382 pVA1 plasmid) was constructed by adding a chloramphenicol re- [email protected] sistance gene as a marker in a donor AHPND-9SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV The rearing of eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD larvae in Vp2S01. Transfer of this plasmid was successfully performed from hatcheries is crucial to ensure supply of seed to the aquaculture the AHPND-Vp2S01 to a non-pathogenic strain of 9FDPSEHOOLL at industry. Bacterial diseases, particularly vibriosis, continue to be a DWUDQVIHUHI¿FLHQF\RIîí transconjugant/recipient; DNase major cause ofDO mortality in hatcheries. The marine NOT bacteria, Phaeo- I treatment did not eliminate CITE the transfer. The recipient 9FDPS- 200 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

EHOOLL acquired the pVA1 plasmid, and was shown to produce PirA- 81'(567$1',1* 7+( ())(&76 2) 08/7,3/( BYS RNA and proteins. Laboratory infection demonstrated that the 675(6625621($67(512<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIR- transconjugant caused 100% mortality in exposed groups of 3YDQ- GINICA /$59$( QDPHL. Challenged shrimp, infected with the transconjugant bacte- 0HODWL(7DUUDQW1 $P\=\FN0DJJLH6FKHGODQG-RQDWKDQ ria, showed typical gross signs and histological lesions of AHPND. 3XULW] The transfer of pVA1 plasmid was also demonstrated LQYLYR from University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Sciences, AHPND-9FDPSEHOOLL to non-pathogenic 9RZHQVLLpresent in the 45 Upper College Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 healthy shrimp. These studies explain the increased numbers of AH- [email protected] PND-causing 9LEULR bacteria, and will be useful in the development Certain coastal stressors are becoming more prevalent as ur- of strategies leading to the prevention and control of AHPND. EDQL]DWLRQ LQFUHDVHV (XWURSKLFDWLRQ FDQ FDXVH FRDVWDO DFLGL¿FD- tion (CA) which can disrupt the normal physiological processes of an organism. This sudden increase of nutrients can promote algal growth and can cause a hypoxic environment due to microbial consumption of organic matter which produces more carbon dioxide. (&26<67(06(59,&(62)7+(0$1*529(62)7+( &RDVWDO DFLGL¿FDWLRQ LV DOVR LQÀXHQFHG E\ VHZDJH HIÀXHQW 6( *$/$3$*26 ZKLFKFDQLQWURGXFHODUJHDPRXQWVRIQXWULHQWV6HZDJHHIÀXHQWLV 0LFKDHO.7DQQHU11LFRODV0RLW\1 0DWWKHZ7&RVWD2-RVH produced by anthropogenic activities and carries a variety of chem- 50DULQ-DUULQ2FWDYLR$EXUWR2URSH]D2DQG3HOD\R6DOL icals that can affect the pH of coastal waters. It is known that acid- QDVGH/HyQ L¿FDWLRQFDQGHJUDGHFDOFLXPFDUERQDWHVKHOOVRQLQYHUWHEUDWHVDQG 1Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, an increase of nutrients can disrupt marine ecosystems. The eastern Ave Charles Darwin 854, Puerto Ayora 200350, Ecuador oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFDLVDSRSXODU¿VKHU\DQGDQHFRV\V- 2Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, 9500 Gil- tem engineer that is found in coastal waters. These organisms must man Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 adapt to an increase of CA and SE, however, little is known on how 3Humboldt State University, Department of Fisheries Biology, 1 they acclimate to these stressors in their larval stage. Eastern oyster Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521 larvae were exposed to four different treatments: control, sewage 4Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street, HIÀXHQWFRDVWDODFLGL¿FDWLRQDQGDFRPELQDWLRQRIERWK&$DQG NW, Washington, DC 20036 SE. Larval density samples were collected after 1, 12, and 24 hours, [email protected] the larvae were counted, and their shell dimensions were measured 0DQJURYHVSURYLGHPDQ\EHQH¿WVWRKXPDQZHOIDUHEXWWKH\ through ImageJ. CA+SE had the highest mortality rate compared to are disappearing rapidly. Ecuador and countries within the Tropical CA and SE individually. This indicates that when multiple stressors (DVWHUQ3DFL¿F 7(3 UHJLRQKDYHORVWRYHURIWKHLUPDQJURYH are acting simultaneously they do more damage than when they are coverage in the last 40 years. One reason for this destruction is acting individually. There were no clear differences in the shell di- WKDWWKHEHQH¿WVRIPDQJURYHVKDYHQRWEHHQYDOXHGLQDZD\WKDW mension measurements throughout each treatment and time period. policymakers and markets can understand. Multiple ecosystem ser- YLFHV (6 DUHSUHVHQWHGDQGWKH¿UVWHFRQRPLFYDOXDWLRQRIPXOWL- ple ES for the Galapagos, for Ecuador and for the TEP. Mangrove forests in the Galapagos are composed of three species belonging to three families: 5KL]RSKRUD PDQJOH, $YLFHQQLD JHUPLQDQV and 7+(81,9(56,7<2)1(:(1*/$1'6&+22/2)0$ /DJXQFXODULDUDFHPRVD. Considered a mangrove associate, Con- 5,1( 352*5$06 $57+85 3 *,5$5' 0$5,1( 6&, RFDUSXVHUHFWXVis found in the transition zone between true man- (1&(&(17(5 grove forests and the arid zone, non-mangrove species. These for- &KDUOHV7LOEXUJ DQG$GHOLQH:DWHUV ests store 778,000 tons of carbon with mean belowground carbon University of New England, School of Marine Programs, 11 being 211.03 ± 179.65 Mg C/ha, valued at $2940/ha or $22,838/ Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005 ha depending on the valuation methodology. Mangrove-dependent [email protected] ¿VKWDUJHWHGE\WKHORFDO¿Q¿VK¿VKHU\ZLWKQHWEHQH¿WVRI The infrastructure, location, and people of the University of haíPDNLQJWKLV¿VKHU\WKHVHFRQGPRVWSUR¿WDEOHLQWKH$UFKL- New England Marine Science Center (MSC) uniquely position pelago. The value of mangrove-based tourism was estimated at 81( WR DGGUHVV LVVXHV RI KLJK VFLHQWL¿F DQG HFRQRPLF YDOXH LQ $16,958/ha, contributing $62 million to the industry. By accounting marine and coastal systems. for stakeholders and existing property rights, the results allow for The assets that make MSC unique include interdisciplinary in- the discussion of institutionalizing ES payments for the Galapagos ter-agency research programs, high quality seawater facilities, and Islands. access to the Saco River and the Gulf of Maine allow UNE to of- DO NOTfer collaborative opportunities CITE to interested researchers. The MSC 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 201

facility plays an integral role in aquaponics, marine and estuarine correlated with respiration (S ) and thus an ideal approach to research, and instruction. FKDUDFWHUL]HWKHSK\VLRORJLFDOUHVSRQVHRIVKHOO¿VKWRVKRUWWHUP $VVHWV LQFOXGH D ÀHHW RI UHVHDUFK YHVVHOV D IRRW ¿EHUJODVV HQYLURQPHQWDOÀXFWXDWLRQV0RUHRYHULQFRPELQDWLRQZLWKHQYL- 0DULWLPH6NLIIDQIRRW¿EHUJODVV&DUROLQD6NLIIDIRRW0DU- ronmental data, elevated heart beat rates under warming tempera- OLQ¿VKLQJYHVVHODQGDSDVVHQJHUUHVHDUFKODQGLQJFUDIWYHVVHO tures and/or coastal hypoxia (S , ANOVA), suggest these 7KLV ÀHHW RI UHVHDUFK YHVVHOV DOORZV IRU ZDWHU DFFHVV \HDU URXQG stressors may have contributed to the local extirpation of the New and facilitates access to UNE owned Ram Island, a one-acre island

carbohydrate metabolic process, and biological adhesion, where- heart, as well as in the terminal ampoule or spermatophore and YDV as for down-regulated transcripts include, microtubule-based pro- GHIHUHQV of males. The expression of /YFKKLQJXWZDV¿YHIROG cess, and chitin metabolic process. The analysis of protein- protein higher than that in other tissues, indicating that this peptide has an network between up and down-regulated genes indicates that the important role in this tissue. The increase in expression from early ¿UVW JHQH LQWHUDFWLRQV DUH FRQQHFWHG WR R[LGDWLRQSURFHVVHV DQG to late pre-molt seen for all evaluated tissues suggest a possible role sarcomere organization. Protein-protein networks analysis identi- in osmoregulation and ion exchange, and the high expression in gut ¿HGWRSKLJKO\FRQQHFWHGKXEQRGHV7HQFDQGLGDWHWUDQVFULSWV further suggest a role in water uptake during molting. were selected to measure their mRNA relative expression levels in AHPND infected shrimp hepatopancreas by RT-qPCR. Our results indicate a close connection between the immune and metabolism systems during AHPND infection. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data provide the possible immunological and physiological scenario, as ,'(17,),&$7,21 2) 5(&(3725 5(63216,%/( )25 well as, the molecular pathways that take place in the shrimp hepa- %,1',1* 2) 7+( $0,1268*$56 63(&,),& /(&7,1 topancreas in response to an infectious disease. '20$,1 2) 3IR$%VP 72;,1 2) VIBRIO PARAHAEMO- LYTICUS 72 7+( (3,7+(/,$/ 0(0%5$1( 2) 7+( 6+5,03+(3$723$1&5($6 0DUFHOR9LFWRULR'H /RV 6DQWRV 5RGROIR /R]DQR2OYHUD1 $YHODU0DGH-HV~V'XUiQ2-RVp/XLV6DQFKH]6DOJDGR3H 02/(&8/$5&+$5$&7(5,=$7,212)$129(/&++ UH\UD$OL(GJDU=HQWHQR1RUEHUWR9LEDQFR3pUH]2DQG6R 7<3( , *(1( )520 7+( 3$&,),& :+,7( 6+5,03 QLD6RWR5RGULJXH]1 LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI, :,7+ ',))(5(17,$/ (; 1Development and Food Research Center, Aquaculture and En- 35(66,21 %(7:((1 7,668(6 $1' 7+528*+287 vironmental Management Unit, Av. Sábalo-Cerritos S/N A.P. 711, 7+(028/7&<&/( Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82100, México &ODXGLD 9HQWXUD/ySH] *UDFLD *yPH]$QGXUR1 )DELROD 2Autonomous University of Nayarit, Research Laboratory in *$UFRV15D~O/OHUD+HUUHUD,OLH65DFRWWD1DQG$QD0 Molecular Biology and Immunology, Cd. de la Cultura, CEMIC 05 ,EDUUD1 building, Tepic, Nayarit, 63190, México 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIB- 3National Autonomous University of Mexico, Department of NOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No.195, Col. Playa Palo Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cd. Universitaria, 2ndÀRRU³'´ de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico building, CDMX, 04510, México 2&HQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ &LHQWt¿FD \ GH (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU [email protected] de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada 3918, C.P. 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV toxin PirABYS is a virulence factor 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico exotoxin that contributing to sloughing of tubule epithelial cells 3Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología- UNAM, Unidad of shrimp in Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, an emerg- Mazatlán. Av. Joel Montes Camarena S/N Apartado Postal 811 C.P. ing shrimp disease with some big losses since 2009. The PirABYS 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico subunit of the toxin is a lectin that recognizes amino-sugars that [email protected] mediates its attachment to cell surfaces, but to date the receptor on The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone superfamily (CHH) is WKHKHSDWRSDQFUHDVPHPEUDQHKDVEHHQQRLGHQWL¿HG DPXOWLJHQHIDPLO\LGHQWL¿HGRULJLQDOO\LQWKHPHGXOODWHUPLQD- +HUHSURWHRJO\FDQVZHUHLGHQWL¿HGDVKRVWIDFWRUVFRQWULEXWLQJ lis of the X-organ sinus gland complex (XOSG) of decapods. This to binding and probably to entry of PirABYS into the cells. The toxin group of neuropeptides is associated with the control of important binds to one protein of approximately 100,000 Da, a proteoglycan physiological processes as reproduction, molt, and stress response. expressed in the membrane of hepatopancreas of shrimp. The endo- In this study, a novel CHH gene was characterized. The gene or- glycosidase treatment prevents the binding of the toxin LQYLWUR and ganization (KJ660843) allowed identifying it as a type I CHH, but LQYLYRassays. This indicates that the sugars are very important for no conserved CPRP region was observed. The deduced amino acid the binding of this toxin. Binding of the toxin to the hepatopancre- sequences lack the amidation site in the C-terminus which is as- atic epithelium can be reduced by heparan sulfate analogues when sociated with hyperglycemic activity, and there is a glycine inser- performing experiments on membranal proteins of hepatopancre- tion at position 32 of the mature peptide not present in other type DVDQGVKULPS¿[HGWLVVXHDVZHOODVRQFKDOOHQJHVZLWKVKULPS I or II CHHs. Two full-length transcripts differing in length were These data demonstrate LQYLWUR, LQYLYRand pathological relevance characterized, the differences are a result of two polyadenylation of PirABYS–proteoglycans interactions, and reveal a potential ther- sites present in the 3’UTR resulting in two transcription termi- apeutic approach of protecting hepatopancreatic tissue by blocking nation signals. The expression patterns show that this gene is ex- these interactions. pressed in eyestalk,DO supraesophageal ganglion (SoG),NOT gill, gut, and CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 203

7+()/$;321'0$5,1(/$%25$725<5(6($5&+ 12172;,&3+272$&7,9(5(/($6(&2$7,1*6)25 ('8&$7,21 $1' 2875($&+ ,1 $1 85%$1 ,=,1* %,2)28/,1*&21752/ SETTING $OH[:DOVK 16DQGUD6KXPZD\2DQG6WHSKDQ%XOODUG 1 1 1LOV 9RONHQERUQ 'LDQQD 3DGLOOD 6WHSKHQ$EUDPV %DV ePaint Company, 25 Research Road, E. Falmouth, MA 02536 VHP$OODP1(PPDQXHOOH3DOHV(VSLQRVD15REHUW0&HUUDWR1 2University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, $QQH(0F(OUR\17KRPDV:LOVRQ10DWW6FODIDQL5/DZ 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340 UHQFH6ZDQVRQ1DQG-DQHW1\H1 38QLYHUVLW\RI+DUWIRUG+LOO\HU&ROOHJH%ORRP¿HOG$YH 1Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric West Hartford, CT 06117 Sciences, 145 Endeavour Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 [email protected] 2Stony Brook University, Department of Ecology and Evolu- Novel non-toxic coating technology for biofouling control de- tion, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794 veloped for the aquaculture industry is presented that relies on the 3&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\&RRSHUDWLYH([WHQVLRQ1*ULI¿QJ$YH photoactive generation of hydrogen peroxide to reduce the settle- # 100, Riverhead, NY 11901 ment of biofouling organisms rather than the leaching of pesticides. [email protected] Biofouling, the unwanted growth of biological organisms on un- The Flax Pond Marine Laboratory (FPML) on the north shore derwater surfaces, has long been recognized as a major problem for of Long Island, New York, has a long and rich history in marine commercial aquaculture. Biofouling dramatically increases labor research, outreach, and education. Operated by the School of Ma- costs, reduces the value of product, and can harm cultured species. rine and Atmospheric Sciences and located just 3 miles north of the )RXOLQJFORJVJHDUVWRSVZDWHUÀRZDQGIRRGGHOLYHU\FDQFRPSHWH Stony Brook University main campus and 50 miles east of Manhat- with culture organisms for food or space, and can directly affect the tan, FPML serves a diverse community of researchers and exter- growth and survival of cultured organisms. As a result, considerable nal users including higher education colleges, high schools, state physical and economic effort is directed toward the prevention and DQG IHGHUDO DJHQFLHV DQG QRQSUR¿W RUJDQL]DWLRQV 7KH )30/ control of biofouling at culture facilities. Cleaning of gear and use RIIHUVZHWODERI¿FHDQGFODVVURRPVSDFHLQGLUHFWSUR[LPLW\WR of toxic coatings are the primary methods employed by the industry the Flax Pond Tidal Wetland Area. This research preserve - con- to maintain biofouling-free surfaces. Time and energy expended to nected to Long Island Sound through a narrow inlet – is owned by keep gear clean taxes aquaculturalists consuming as much as 30% the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, of labor costs and contributing 15% to operational costs. and encompasses a complete miniature (0.6 km2) tidal embayment Results from biofouling resistance testing on PVC test panels ecosystem with a mosaic of saltmarsh, un-vegetated mud and sand and aquaculture gear (bags, trays and cages) performed from 2015 ÀDWVWLGDOFUHHNVSDUWLDOO\IRUHVWHGLVODQGVDQGVDQGDQGFREEOH WRDUHSUHVHQWHG2\VWHUVDQGVFDOORSVJUHZVLJQL¿FDQWO\ODUJ- barrier beaches. FPML therefore offers unique opportunities for the er in treated bags and trays over a three month grow-out period. integration of multidisciplinary research on function, services, and Treated gear requires less maintenance and can be reused without resilience of saltmarsh ecosystems in a changing coastal ocean. FOHDQLQJ5HVXOWVIURP¿HOGWHVWLQJGHPRQVWUDWHWKDWSKRWRDFWLYH FPML is currently undergoing major renovations, which include release coating technology is a viable solution to the biofouling WKHHVWDEOLVKPHQWRIDVKHOO¿VKKDWFKHU\DPXOWLVWUHVVRUH[SHULPHQ- SUREOHPH[SHULHQFHGE\VKHOO¿VKIDUPHUVZKRUHO\RQJHDUFKDQJ- WDOIDFLOLW\ÀRDWLQJXSZHOOLQJV\VWHPVIRUVKHOO¿VKJURZRXWDQGD es and cleaning to control biofouling. new seawater system. In concert, these innovations will strengthen the FPML leading role as a multi-user research facility in the New

DO NOT CITE 204 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

$66(660(17 2) 6859,9$/ $1' &21',7,21 ,1'(; $1$/<6,6 2) VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS, VIBRIO 2)7+(($67(512<67(5CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA VULNIFICUS, $1'VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS&20080, $)7(5(;32685(72/2:6$/,1,7,(6 7,(6,1',))(5,1*0(7+2'62)2<67(5$48$&8/ 1 1 5HEHFFD:HUQHU $L1LQJ/RK 0HOLVVD/HQHQWLQH $PL:LO 785( EXU10DUWLQ3RVH\1'DUUHQ5XPEROG3DWULFLD*RUPDQ4%DU -DPHV :HVWSKDOHQ $OOH[ *RXUOD\ +XP 1 %KDQGDUL DQG EDUD:HOFK4DQG$VZDQL.9ROHW\5 5R[DQQD6PRORZLW] 1University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Biol- Roger Williams University, 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 03809 ogy and Marine Biology, 601 S. College Road, Friday Hall 2001, [email protected] Wilmington, NC 28403 The most common cause of bacterial disease in humans eating 2University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of raw molluscs is 9LEULR SDUDKDHPRO\WLFXV (Vp). Less problematic Earth and Ocean Sciences, 601 S. College Road, Deloach Hall 102, in the NE U.S., but equally as important is 9LEULRYXOQL¿FXV(9Y). Wilmington, NC 28403 Knowledge of aquaculture methods that would reduce the abundance 3Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Marine and Earth RIWKHVHEDFWHULDLQ¿OWHUIHHGLQJR\VWHUVZRXOGKHOSVKHOO¿VKIDUPV Science, 10501 FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, FL 33965 avoid closure due to vibriosis outbreaks. Abundances of Vp and 9Y 4South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club in eastern oysters were determined over the summer of 2015 from Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33406 two different locations in Massachusetts with unique environmental 5Elon University, Alamance Building 120C, 2200 Campus Box, conditions that each practice two different methods of aquaculture. Elon, NC 27244 Abundance of Vp, 9Y and two pathogenic genes (thermostable direct [email protected] hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh)), both found in Vp, Freshwater inputs pose osmotic challenges to marine organisms were analyzed using quantitative polymerizase chain reaction (qPCR) living in coastal, estuarine ecosystems. Intensity, duration, and fre- data gathered from examination of oyster tissues. Recent work has TXHQF\RIIUHVKZDWHULQÀRZVWRWKHVHHQYLURQPHQWVDUHLPSRUWDQW shown that a non-pathogenic variant of the trh gene is present in V. to understand how organisms respond to environmental changes DOJLQRO\WLFXV (Va). PCR analysis of tissue samples was conducted to that cause lower than average salinities. Two exposure experiments determine whether the presence of Va in samples undermines the trh were executed to determine if condition index (CI) and percent sur- qPCR as a test of toxicity of a Vp. Sea surface temperature, salinity, vival (%S) of the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD, adults are turbidity and chlorophyll content were also collected in 2015 and affected after exposure to low salinities. CI is the ratio of dry tissue were tested for correlation to Vp and 9Y abundances as well as the mass to shell volume; higher CI numbers indicate ‘healthier’ oysters. abundances of pathogenic genes. The data gathered from this study ([SHULPHQWH[SRVXUHLQFOXGHG¿YHSXOVHVRIRQHWUHDWPHQWGD\ was used to predict Vp and 9Y growth in oysters based on environ- salinity exposure of 0, 2-day recovery at salinity of 10. Experiment mental parameters and aquaculture methods. 2 exposures included three pulses of two treatments: 7-day salinity exposure of 0, 3-day recovery at salinities of 10 (T1) and 5 (T2). Ex- periments occurred at 18°C and 30°C to mimic water temperatures experienced during winter/summer in South Florida. Upon comple- tion of exposures, average CI of experiment 1 oysters was 4.09 + 0.29 and 3.82 + 0.46 (18/30°C). Average %S of oysters was 92% for both temperatures. Average CI of experiment 2 oysters in T1 was 3.91 + 0.64 and 3.63 + 0.45 (18/30°C; 2 oysters for 30°C). Average CI of oysters in T2 was 3.78 + 0.56 and 3.36 (18/30°C; 1 oyster for 30°C).

Average %S of T1 was 97% and 5% (18/30°C). Average %S of T2 was 73% and 3% (18/30°C). Results from these and additional experiments will assist the South Florida Water Management in understanding conditions that maximize oyster survival and recruitment.

DO NOT CITE 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020 205

&203(16$725< 5(63216(6 2) &5$%6 72 08/7, 7+(25(7,&$/ 0253+2/2*,& $1$/<6,6 2) 7+( 3/(675(66256 µ&85/%$&.¶ +,1*( 6+(// $%1250$/,7< ,1 7+( 1LD:KLWHOH\1&ROHHQ6XFNOLQJ %HQ&LRWWL/XLV*LPHQH]1 ($67(512<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ,DQ0F&DUWK\1DQG&KULV+DXWRQ4 0LFKDHO:KLWHVLGH1 *HRUJH0F*KHH2DQG;LPLQJ*XR1 1Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, Brambell 15XWJHUV7KH6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ-HUVH\+DVNLQ6KHOO¿VK Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UR, United Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Kingdom 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, NJ 08349 2University of Rhode Island, Fisheries, College of Environment 2Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Wright-Rieman and Life Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 610 Science, 129 Woodward Hall, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854 RI 02881 [email protected] 3University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sci- The ‘curl-back’ shell abnormality, present in many stocks of ences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, United King- farm raised eastern oysters, is characterized by a sharp, downward dom curvature of the right valve and plane of commissure close to the 4Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew Street, hinge. The trait is undesirable to consumers and can result in extra Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom work on farms or decreases in sales. To determine if the ‘curl-back’ 5University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Ocean and trait is heritable, a group of 3-year-old cultured oysters of wild Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Euro- stock origin were sorted into two groups based on whether or not pean Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom they exhibited the curl-back hinge trait and crossed amongst each [email protected] other. The progeny from each of the two four by four crosses (16 Few simulated climate change studies focus on decapod crus- families per culture) were grown separately in a common garden taceans (crabs) because they are largely thought to be tolerant to experiment, and, in the following year, the crosses were repeated a future ocean. Most existing studies are relatively short-term and using selected F1s (nine families per culture), resulting in two gen- utilise IPCC forecasted pCO2 and temperature conditions. More HUDWLRQVRIVHOHFWLRQIRUµÀDW¶DQGIRUµFXUOHGEDFN¶R\VWHUV&RP- VWXGLHVDUHQHHGHGWRFRQVLGHURWKHUIRUHFDVWHGÀXFWXDWLRQVVXFK parisons of the relative lengths or heights of right and left valves of DVVDOLQLW\7KH¿UVWVWXG\WRDVVHVVWKHORQJHUWHUP XSWR\HDU 100 four-month-old F2s per group showed that the curl-back trait responses of temperate crab species to multiple-parameters (ele- has a genetic component. To more accurately describe the trait and vated pCO2 and reduced salinity) under year 2100 IPCC forecasts better visualize the effects of selection, forty eleven-month-old F2s will be presented. Two species of crabs with contrasting abilities per group were used to estimate the tangent angle of the logarith- to compensate for environmental change were used in this study: mic spiral, alpha, of the valves of the shells and values were plotted the highly tolerant and invasive European shore crab, &DUFLQXV in a two-dimensional theoretical morphospace. Calculated alpha PDHQDV, inhabiting the intertidal; and the less tolerant edible crab, angles of right valves between the two groups were found to be &DQFHUSDJXUXV a commercially important European species in- VLJQL¿FDQWO\GLIIHUHQW S ZKLOHWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ habiting sub-littoral areas. Crabs were exposed to elevated pCO2 left valves, likely due to occlusion, was not as strong (p = 0.06). and reduced salinity to assess the physiological response to change. 6RPHRIWKHNH\PHFKDQLVWLFUHVSRQVHV HJERG\ÀXLGS+UHJXOD- tion) will be reported, determining their abilities to survive under future forecasted conditions. These results indicate that responses cannot be generalized across taxa, as vulnerabilities vary among */,'(5%$6(' 2%6(59$7,216 5(9($/ 6($621$/ species with differencing experiences of environmental change, as P+ $1' $5$*21,7( 6$785$7,21 67$7( 9$5,$%,/ explained by differences in physiological capacities to respond to ,7< ,1 &2$67$/ 86 0,'$7/$17,& 6+(//),6+(5< change. 0$1$*(0(17=21(6 (OL]DEHWK . :ULJKW)DLUEDQNV1 *UDFH . 6DED1 %DRVKDQ Chen2:HL-XQ&DL2DQG7UDYLV10LOHV1 1Rutgers University, Department of Marine and Coastal Scienc- es, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 2University of Delaware, School of Marine Science and Policy, 111 Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716 [email protected] 2FHDQ DQG FRDVWDO DFLGL¿FDWLRQ DOWHU WKH RFHDQLF FDUERQDWH system, increasing potential for ecological, economic, and cul- DO NOTtural losses. Currently, productive CITE coastal systems lack vertically- 206 1DWLRQDO6KHOO¿VKHULHV$VVRFLDWLRQ%DOWLPRUH0DU\ODQG $EVWUDFWV 112th Annual Meeting, March 29–April 2, 2020

resolved high-resolution ocean carbonate system measurements Secondly, the protocol of using MO-Vivo to immerse oyster eggs and on timescales relevant to organism ecology and life history. To embryos has been established. The treated oyster spat were deployed address this issue, a newly developed deep ISFET (Ion Sensitive to the river and sterility will be evaluated upon sexual maturity based )LHOG(IIHFW7UDQVLVWRU EDVHGS+VHQVRUV\VWHPZDVPRGL¿HGDQG on germ cell marker gene expression by qPCR, PGC development by LQWHJUDWHG LQWR D 6ORFXP * SUR¿OLQJ JOLGHU )URP 6SULQJ LQVLWX hybridization and gametogenesis by histology. to Fall 2019, seasonal pH glider deployments were conducted in Atlantic surfclam (6SLVXOD VROLGLVVLPD) and Atlantic sea scallop (3ODFRSHFWHQ PDJHOODQLFXV) commercial management zones in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Simultaneous measurements from multiple sensors on the same glider allow the calculation of carbonate ',6($6( ,03$&7 21 '(1,75,),&$7,21 327(17,$/ system parameters (e.g. aragonite saturation state) and mapping of 2)7+(2<67(50,&52%,20( these parameters against other variables, such as dissolved oxygen +HLGL

enormous (nearly 500-fold) variability in genome size, and also ex- coiled-coil domain allows the RVT proteins to form multimers and hibit complex body plans and novelties, such as segments and ap- could be a good candidate for interacting with metal ions, such as pendages, which render them interesting models for developmental Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+ etc. This is important because most free-living or- biology study. Here, in order to investigate the genome character- ganisms can be frequently exposed to transition metals and may istics of decapod shrimps, we reported the low-coverage genome therefore need potent mechanisms to cope with such stresses. In sequencing and draft assembly of three economically important addition to the general stress response mechanisms (for example shrimp species, ([RSDODHPRQFDULQLFDXGD, 0DUVXSHQDHXVMDSRQ- heat shock proteins), there may be additional systems to alleviate LFDV and 3HQDHXVPRQRGRQ. Comparative genomics analyses with transition metal-induced stresses. It is of special interest to uncov- other reported crustacean genomes were made. (FDULQLFDXGDpos- er an ancient molecular mechanism which is common to different sesses a large complex genome (5.73 Gb), with size twice higher kingdoms of Life and operates in environments which may be con- than those of many decapod shrimps; however, clues associated taminated by hazardous pollutants. ZLWKJHQRPHGXSOLFDWLRQZHUHQRWLGHQWL¿HGDQGIHZKRUL]RQWDOO\ transferred sequences were detected. Ultimately, the burst of transposable elements, especially retrotransposons, was determined as WKHPDMRUIDFWRULQÀXHQFLQJJHQRPHH[SDQVLRQ%RWKUHFHQW -RFN- ey and Gypsy) and ancestral (DIRS) originated retrotransposons re- 75$16&5,3720( $1$/<6,6 2) *52:7+ 5(*8/$ sponsible for the genome evolution. A great many simple sequence 7,21,17+(($67(512<67(5 CRASSOSTREA VIRG- repeats (SSR), which account for about 10% of the genome, was INICA DOVRLGHQWL¿HGLQWKHWZRJHQRPHVZKLFKZDVVLPLODUWRLitopenae- 'DQ=HQJ DQG;LPLQJ*XR1 XVYDQQDPHLEXWVLJQL¿FDQWO\PRUHWKDQWKDWRIRWKHUFUXVWDFHDQV 15XWJHUV 8QLYHUVLW\ +DVNLQ 6KHOO¿VK 5HVHDUFK /DERUDWRU\ Therefore, the expansion of SSR may stem from the common an- 6959 Miller Avenue, Port Norris, New Jersey 08349 cestor of the penaeid shrimp. By virtue of their special mutational 2Hunan Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and and functional qualities, SSR play a major role in generating the ge- Technology, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hu- netic variation underlying adaptive evolution. This study suggests nan 410128, China repetitive elements play important roles in genome size evolution [email protected] and adaptive evolution of decapod shrimps. Growth is one of the most important production traits for all aquaculture species. Growth of the eastern oyster &UDVVRVWUHDYLU- JLQLFD, a major aquaculture species in the United States, is not well understood at molecular levels. Growth rate varies greatly among individual oysters, and the variation apparently has a strong genetic $129(/,175,*8,1*02/(&8/$50(&+$1,602) basis. In this study, transcriptomes of the largest (fast-growing) and 5(63216(7275$16,7,210(7$/6,1',9(56((1 smallest (slow-growing) eastern oysters from the same family were 9,5210(176 sequenced to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that ,ULQD

0(1'2&,12&2//(*(&2$67$/),(/'67$7,21 subsequent microbial respiration results in increased acidity of %ULDQQD=XEHU DQG6WHYH&DUGLPRQD FRDVWDOZDWHUVWHUPHGFRDVWDODFLGL¿FDWLRQ &$ 6(DQG&$DUH Mendocino College, Natural Sciences, 1000 Hensley Creek known to negatively affect the survival and development of import- Road, Ukiah, CA 95482 ant coastal species, like the eastern oyster, &UDVVRVWUHDYLUJLQLFD [email protected] Oysters have a sessile adult stage making them entirely dependent The Mendocino College Coastal Field Station near Point Are- on their pelagic larval stage for long-distance dispersal and gene na, about 150 miles north of San Francisco, is a 15-acre property ÀRZDFURVVSRSXODWLRQV/DUYDHDUHPRUHVHQVLWLYHWKDQDGXOWVWRD ZLWKFOLIIVWKDWRYHUORRNWKH3DFL¿F2FHDQDQGZLWKDFFHVVWRWKH variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Oyster populations intertidal zone of a relatively protected cove. The site, surround- may be structured through reduced population connectivity if SE ed by the California Coastal National Monument, provides unique DQG&$DFWDVEDUULHUVWRJHQHÀRZ(IÀXHQWRXWSODQWVDUHRIWHQ RSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWXG\LQJPDULQHOLIHFRDVWDOSUDLULHÀRUDDQGWKH point sources of pollution, potentially limiting larval exchange by geological features which abound. VHOHFWLYHPRUWDOLW\RQO\OHWWLQJUHVLVWDQWODUYDHSDVVWKURXJKHIÀX- The facility was created in 1981 when the US government trans- ent plumes. To investigate the effects of SE and CA on the connec- ferred the former Coast Guard facility to Mendocino College. The tivity and genomic diversity of oyster populations, adult oysters facility offers dorm houses with kitchen amenities and beds to com- ZHUHFROOHFWHGIURP¿YHVLWHVLQ1DUUDJDQVHWW%D\YDU\LQJLQHQYL- fortably accommodate about 20 guests at a time. There is an educa- ronmental conditions and distance from SE sources. Sequence cap- tion building on-site with space for class meetings and a dry lab room. ture probes were generated from mRNA extracted from larval oys- 0HQGRFLQR &ROOHJH VWXGHQWV YLVLW WKH ¿HOG VWDWLRQ DV SDUW RI ters exposed to treatments of CA, SE, and CA+SE. These probes courses such as Environmental Science, Botany, Zoology, and Ma- were used to capture regions of the adult exome highly expressed rine Biology. Students have established vegetation plots and par- in larvae as a response to these stressors. Seascape genomics anal- ticipated in intertidal zone transect surveys, plankton surveys, and yses will identify populations with higher frequencies of resistant other experiential opportunities. genotypes and relate frequencies to environmental conditions and When Mendocino students are not utilizing the station, the facili- distance to pollution sources. ty is used by university classes such as UC Berkeley Jepson Herbar- ium, CSU East Bay and the UC Field Ecology Supercourse. It has also been a base for researchers from Humboldt State and UC Santa &UX]DVZHOODVQRQSUR¿WRUJDQL]DWLRQVVXFKDV5HHI&KHFN&DOL- fornia. In addition, the facility hosts research equipment of UC Da- vis (monitoring coastal currents) and UNAVCO (GPS ground mo- tion). With our current nominal fee structure, the facility is a great choice in a unique location for research and educational activities.

,19(67,*$7,1*7+(())(&762)&2$67$/675(66 256 21 7+( &211(&7,9,7< 2) 2<67(5 3238/$ 7,216,11$55$*$16(77%$<86$ $P\ =\FN1 $OOLVRQ *DOODJKHU2 1LQD 3DGUR1 5HEHFFD 6WH YLFNDQG-RQDWKDQ3XULW] 1University of Rhode Island, Department of Biological Scienc- es, 120 Flagg Road, Kingstown, RI 02881 2University of Rhode Island, Marine Biology Program, 120 Flagg Road, Kingstown, RI 02881 3University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, 120 Flagg Road, Kingstown, RI 02881 [email protected] Coastal urban areas are major sources of marine pollution in FRDVWDOHQYLURQPHQWVGLVFKDUJLQJVHZDJHHIÀXHQW 6( YLDZDVWH- water treatment facilities. SE is one of the largest inputs of nutrients into coastalDO ecosystems, driving primary NOTproduction. The CITE