Colleges and Universities in the MENA Region, Selected Countries

Appendix: Colleges and Universities in the MENA Region, Selected Countries

Saudi Arabia K i n g S a u d U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h I m a m M u h a m m a d b i n S a u d I s l a m i c U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h S a u d i E l e c t r o n i c U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h A r a b O p e n U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h P r i n c e S u l t a n U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h A r a b E a s t C o l l e g e s R i y a d h R i y a d h C o l l e g e o f D e n t i s t r y a n d P h a r m a c y R i y a d h Al Farabi College of Dentistry and Nursing Riyadh D a r A l U l o o m U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h A l f a i s a l U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h Almaarefa College for Science and Technology Riyadh S a l m a b i n A d u l a z i z U n i v e r s i t y A l K h a r i P r i n c e s s N o r a b i n t A b d u l R a h m a n U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh A l Y a m a m a h U n i v e r s i t y R i y a d h S h a g r a U n i v e r s i t y S h a g r a A l M a i m a a h U n i v e r s i t y A l M a i m a a h T e c h n i c a l T r a i n e r s C o l l e g e R i y a d h K i n g A b d u l l a h U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y T h u w a l K i n g A b d u l a z i z U n i v e r s i t y J e d d a h Prince Sultan College for Tourism and Business Jeddah E f f a t U n i v e r s i t y J e d d a h 178 ● Appendix

D a r A l - H e k m a C o l l e g e J e d d a h C o l l e g e o f B u s i n e s s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n J e d d a h P r i n c e S u l t a n A v i a t i o n A c a d e m y J e d d a h J e d d a h C o l l e g e o f T e c h n o l o g y J e d d a h J e d d a h T e a c h e r ’ s C o l l e g e J e d d a h College of Telecom and Electronics Jeddah J e d d a h P r i v a t e C o l l e g e J e d d a h J e d d a h C o l l e g e o f H e a l t h C a r e J e d d a h A r a b O p e n U n i v e r s i t y J e d d a h Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies Jeddah B a t t e r j e e M e d i c a l C o l l e g e J e d d a h U m m A l - Q u r a U n i v e r s i t y M e c c a T a i f U n i v e r s i t y T a i f D a m m a n C o l l e g e o f T e c h n o l o g y D a m m a m D a m m a n C o m m u n i t y C o l l e g e D a m m a m U n i v e r s i t y o f D a m m a m D a m m a m P r i n c e S u l t a n M i l i t a r y C o l l e g e o f H e a l t h S c i e n c e s D h a h r a n K i n g F a i s a l U n i v e r s i t y A l A h s a Al Ahsa College of Technology A l A h s a King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e o f J u b a i l J u b a i l Jubail Industrial College Jubail Jubail Technical College Jubail Q a t i f C o l l e g e o f T e c h n o l o g y Q a t i f A r a b O p e n U n i v e r s i t y D a m m a m P r i n c e M o h a m m a d U n i v e r s i t y K h o b a r A l - K h a r i U n i v e r s i t y A l - K h a r i Hafr Al-Batin Community College Hafr Al-Batin I s l a m i c U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i n a M e d i n a Madinah Institute for Leadership and Entrepreneurship Medina T a i b a h U n i v e r s i t y M e d i n a M a d i n a h C o l l e g e o f T e c h n o l o g y M e d i n a Y a n b u I n d u s t r i a l C o l l e g e Y a n b u K i n g K h a l i d U n i v e r s i t y A b h a IBN Rushd College for Management Sciences Abha Appendix ● 179

C o l l e g e o f F o o d a n d E n v i r o n m e n t T e c h n o l o g y B u r a y d a h Q a s s i m U n i v e r s i t y A l - Q a s s i m Sulaiman Al Rajhi University B a k i r e y a A l J a w f U n i v e r s i t y S a k a k a h J a z a n U n i v e r s i t y J i z a n U n i v e r s i t y o f H a i l H a i l A l B a h a U n i v e r s i t y A l B a h a N a j r a n U n i v e r s i t y N a j r a n N o r t h e r n B o r d e r s U n i v e r s i t y A r a r T a b u k U n i v e r s i t y T a b u k F a h d b i n S u l t a n U n i v e r s i t y T a b u k I n s t i t u t e o f P u b l i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n R i y a d h , J e d d a h

Jordan U n i v e r s i t y o f J o r d a n A m m a n Y a r m o u k U n i v e r s i t y I r b i d J o r d a n U n i v e r s i t y o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y I r b i d T h e H a s h e m i t e U n i v e r s i t y Z a r q a P h i l a d e l p h i a U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r a A m m a n A l a l - B a y t U n i v e r s i t y M u f r a q A l - B a l q a A p p l i e d U n i v e r s i t y A l - S a l t M u t a h U n i v e r s i t y A l K a r a k A p p l i e d S c i e n c e P r i v a t e U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n G e r m a n J o r d a n i a n U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n A l - H u s s e i n B i n T a l a l U n i v e r s i t y M a ’ a n Z a r q a P r i v a t e U n i v e r s i t y Z a r q a Princess Sumaya University for Technology Al Jubaiha A m m a n A r a b U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n A l - A h l i y y a A m m a n U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n I s r a U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n I r b i d N a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y I r b i d T a f i l a T e c h n i c a l U n i v e r s i t y T a f i l a h Arab Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences Amman 180 ● Appendix

M i d d l e E a s t U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n J a d a r a U n i v e r s i t y A m m a n J e r a s h P r i v a t e U n i v e r s i t y J e r a s h N e w Y o r k I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y A m m a n The World Islamic Sciences and Education University Amman

Egypt A i n S h a m s U n i v e r s i t y A b b a s s i a A l - A z h a r U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o A l e x a n d r i a U n i v e r s i t y A l e x a n d r i a A s s i u t U n i v e r s i t y A s s i u t B a n h a U n i v e r s i t y B a n h a Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef C a i r o U n i v e r s i t y G i z a D a m a n h o u r U n i v e r s i t y D a m a n h o u r C i t y D a m i e t t a U n i v e r s i t y D a m i e t t a Delta University for Science and Technology El Mansoura E g y p t i a n R u s s i a n U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o F a y o u m U n i v e r s i t y F a y o u m Future University Egypt New Cairo H e l w a n U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o K a f r e l - S h e i k h U n i v e r s i t y K a f r e l s h e i k h M a n s o u r a U n i v e r s i t y M a n s o u r a M i n i a U n i v e r s i t y E l - M i n i a M i n o u f i y a U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o M i s r I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o M I S R U n i v e r s i t y f o r S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y 6 t h o f O c t o b e r C i t y Modern Sciences and Arts University 6th of October City N a h d a U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o N i l e U n i v e r s i t y 6 t h o f O c t o b e r C i t y October 6 University 6th of October City P h a r o s U n i v e r s i t y i n A l e x a n d r i a A l e x a n d r i a S i n a i U n i v e r s i t y C a i r o S o h a g U n i v e r s i t y N a s s e r C i t y S o u t h V a l l e y U n i v e r s i t y Q e n a Appendix ● 181

S u e z C a n a l U n i v e r s i t y I s m a i l i a T a n t a U n i v e r s i t y T a n t a The American University in Cairo New Cairo The British University in Egypt El Sherouk City The German University in Cairo New Cairo U n i v e r s i t e F r a n c a i s e d ’ E g y p t e E l S h o r o u q C i t y Z a g a z i g U n i v e r s i t y Z a g a z i g

Kuwait A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f K u w a i t K u w a i t C i t y A u s t r a l i a n C o l l e g e o f K u w a i t K u w a i t C i t y Gulf University for Science and Technology Mishref K u w a i t M a a s t r i c h t B u s i n e s s S c h o o l D a s m a K u w a i t U n i v e r s i t y K u w a i t C i t y

Qatar A c a d e m i c B r i d g e P r o g r a m D o h a C a r n e g i e M e l l o n U n i v e r s i t y i n Q a t a r D o h a C o l l e g e o f N o r t h A t l a n t i c D o h a C o m m u n i t y C o l l e g e o f Q a t a r D o h a Georgetown University School of Foreign Service Doha Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Doha Q a t a r U n i v e r s i t y D o h a S h a q a b I n s t i t u t e f o r G i r l s D o h a S t e n d e n U n i v e r s i t y a n d I n s t i t u t e D o h a Texas A & M University at Qatar Doha U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l g a r y Q a t a r D o h a V i r g i n i a C o m m o n w e a l t h U n i v e r s i t y S c h o o l o f t h e A r t s D o h a Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha

United Arab Emirates U n i t e d A r a b E m i r a t e s U n i v e r s i t y A l - A i n Masdar Institute of Science and Technology Masdar City 182 ● Appendix

Higher Colleges of Technology A l - A i n American University of Ras Al Khaimah Ras al-Khaimah A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f S h a r j a h S h a r j a h Z a y e d U n i v e r s i t y D u b a i U n i v e r s i t y o f S h a r j a h S h a r j a h Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research Abu Dhabi American University in Dubai Dubai University of Wollongong in Dubai Dubai Ajman University of Science and Technologh Ajman A b u D h a b i U n i v e r s i t y A b u D h a b i The Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai Dubai Manipal University, Dubai Dubai Al Ain University of Science and Technology Al Ain I t t i h a d U n i v e r s i t y R a s a l - K h a i m a h Amity University Dubai Dubai Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Dubai Canadian University of Dubai Dubai The British University in Dubai Dubai A l G h u r a i r U n i v e r s i t y D u b a i Dubai Medical College Dubai University of Dubai Dubai A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y i n t h e E m i r a t e s D u b a i Dubai Pharmacy College Dubai University of Modern Sciences D u b a i Murdoch University, Dubai Dubai U n i v e r s i t y o f J a z e r a h D u b a i Ras al-Khaimah Medical and Health S c i e n c e s U n i v e r s i t y R a s a l - K h a i m a h J u m e i r a U n i v e r s i t y D u b a i

Notes

Introduction Antiquity through the Twentieth Century 1 . Michael B. Oren, Power, Faith and Fantasy (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007): 11. 2 . Arthur Goldschmidt, Jr., A Concise History of the Middle East, Chapter 8, Islamic Civilization, available at Fordham University: http:// legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/med/goldschmidt.asp ; the term ummah refers to a community or group of communities. 3 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 307–308. 4 . I b i d . 5 . A l b e r t H o u r a n i , A History of the Arab Peoples (New York: Warner Books, by arrangement with The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991): 5. 6 . Linda Komaroff, “The Art of the Umayyad Period (661–750),” Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000), http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/umay /hd_umay.htm 7 . Huzaifa Aliyu Jangebe, Abu Muslim Al-Khurashani, “The Legendary Hero of Abbasid Propaganda,” Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 1, Version III (January 2014): 5–13. 8 . w w w . h e r i t a g e i n s t i t u t e . c o m / h i s t o r y / a b u m u s l i m . h t m 9 . Lewis R. Scudder III, The Arabian Mission’s Story (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1998), 75. 1 0 . P h i l i p K . H i t t i , Capital Cities of Arab Islam (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1973): 184. 1 1 . S h a y k h A k r a m N a d w i , Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam (Oxford: Interface, 2013). 1 2 . M i c h a e l H . M o r g a n , Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists (Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2008). 184 ● Notes

13 . Kjetil Selvik and Stig Stenslie, Stability and Change in the Modern Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011). 1 4 . I b n K h a l d u n , al-Muqakkimah (Al-Qahirah: Al-Matbaah al-Amiriyah bi-Bulag, 1902). 15 . Ibid. Also see Christopher J. Lucas, Crisis in the Academy (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996): 9–10. 1 6 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 22. 17 . Scudder, The Arabian Mission’s Story , 7–8. 18 . Mahmet Ali Dogan,“Missionary Schools in the Ottoman Empire,” in Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire , ed. Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters (New York: Facts On File, 2009), Modern World History Online, http://www.fofweb.com 1 9 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 133. 2 0 . F l o r e n c e W i l s o n , Near East Educational Survey (London: Hogarth Press, 1928): 12. 21 . Daniel Oliver Newberry, “Taqarub through Educttion,” Middle East Journal 30, no. 3 (Summer 1976): 312. 2 2 . A . L . T i b a w i , American Interests in Syria, 1800–1901: A Study of Educational, Literary and Religious Work (Oxford, 1966): 203–212. 2 3 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 147–148. 24 . American Oil and Gas Historical Society, http://aoghs.org.oil-almanac /american-oil-history/ 25 . “August 27, 2014 Marks 155th Anniversary of America’s First Oil Well,” available at http://bakken.com/news/id/220256/aug-27-2014 -marks-155th-anniversary-americas-first-oil-well/ 2 6 . E . R o g e r O w e n , One Hundred Years of Middle Eastern Oil, Brandeis University Crown Center for Middle Eastern Studies, www.brandeis. edu/crown/publications/med/MEB24.pdf 2 7 . H . S t . J . B . P h i l b y , American Oil Ventures (Washington, DC: The Middle East Institute, 1964): 125–127. 28 . Saudi Embassy, available at http://www.saudiembassy.net/files/PDF /Publications/Magazine/1996-Spring/aramco.html 29 . From the January 1963 print edition of Saudi Aramco World , pp. 18–21. 30 . Ministry of Guidance and Information of Kuwait, Kuwait Today: A Welfare State (Nairobi, Kenya: Quality, 1963): 101. 3 1 . P a u l G a r r e t t a n d K a t h l e e n A . P u r p u r a , Frank Maria: A Search for Justice and Peace in the Middle East (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2007): 130. 3 2 . I b i d . 3 3 . I b i d . , 1 3 1 . Notes ● 185

34 . William Fulbright, available at http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about- fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright#sthash.WAelc2af.dpuf 35 . Council for International Exchange of Scholars, Fulbright Scholar Program, available at http://www.cies.org/about-us/about-cies#sthash .wXB9wwKt.dpuf 36 . AMIDEAST, Fulbright Program, available at www.amideast.org /fulbright/fulbright 37 . Katrina Thomas, “America as Alma Mater,” Saudi Aramco World 30, no. 3 (May/June 1979). 3 8 . I I E , Open Doors , 2013 Issue. 39. From a paper written by Antar Ibn-Stanford, Advisor to The Muslim Student Association of Clark Atlanta University, January 1997. 4 0 . F r o m The Moslem World 37 (1947), found in Current Topics , 314–316. 41 . Peter Johnson and Judith Tucker, “Middle East Studies Network in the United States”, Middle East Research and Information Project no. 38 (June 1975): 3–20, 26. 4 2 . I b i d . 43 . Daniel Oliver Newberry, “Taqarub through Education,” Middle East Journal 30, no. 3 (Summer 1976): 311–321. 44 . From Gaddis Smith, “American Experience,” available from www.pbs. org/wgbh/americanexperience/feathres/general-article/carter-hostage -crisis 4 5 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 544–545. 4 6 . I b i d . , 5 4 5 . 4 7 . I b i d . , 5 4 5 – 5 4 6 . 4 8 . F r o m t h e Spartanburg Herald , Wednesday, January 1980, p. B1; Associated Press, Columbia, North Carolina. 4 9 . O r e n , Power, Faith and Fantasy , 6 0 3 .

1 Aftermath of 9/11 1 . Dina Temple-Raston, “Khalid Sheikh Mohammed’s Isolated U.S. College Days,” November 18, 2009, available at http://www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=120516152 2 . I b i d . 3 . Immigration and Naturalization Service, Fiscal Year 1999. 4 . Jim Yardley, “A Trainee Noted for Incompetence,” The New York Times, May 4, 2002, available from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/04/us -a-trainee-noted-for-incompetence.html 5 . I b i d . 186 ● Notes

6 . M. Allison Witt, “Closed Borders and Closed Minds: Immigration Policy Changes after 9/11 and U.S. Higher Education,” Journal of Educational Controversy 3, no. 1 (2008): Article 5, available from http:// cedar.wwu.edu/jec/vol3/iss1/5/ 7 . “Dealing with Foreign Students and Scholars in an Age of Terrorism: Visa Backlogs and Tracking Systems,” From the hearing before the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, 108th Congress, First Session, March 26, 2003. 8 . http://globalnation.inquirer.net/12221/post-911-us-immigration -policies#ixzz3V1z26YOQ 9 . US Congress, 2002, available at www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule /CREC-2002-02-05/CREC-2002-02-05-pt1-PgH142 10 . US Department of State, Review of Nonimmigrant Visa Issuance Policy and Procedures, 2003, available at http://www.state.gov/s/d/rm /rls/perfrpt/2003/index.htm 1 1 . Y . Z h o u , “ T h e V i s a T r a p , ” The New York Times , January 18, 2004, 4A, 32. 1 2 . I b i d . 13 . Witt, “Closed Borders and Closed Minds,” Article 5. 14 . Jenna Russell, “Foreign Students Protest Fee at Umass,” The Boston Globe, March 21, 2004. 15 . Mary Beth Marklein, “Some Middle Eastern Students Withdrawing,” USA Today, September 23, 2001. 1 6 . I b i d . 17 . Mary Beth Marklein, “Shift in Foreign Student Enrollment Slows Growth Overall,” USA Today, November 2, 2003. 18 . Mussarat Khan and Kathryn Ecklund, “Attitudes Toward Muslim Americans Post-9/11,” Journal of Muslim Mental Health 7, no. 1 (2012): 1–16. 19 . From Fulbright MENA blog, available at http://fulbrightmena.blog- spot.com 20 . Vicki Valosik, “5 Facts about American Style Universities in the Arab Region,” U.S. News and World Report , January 2015, available at http://www.usnews.com/education/best-arab-region-universities /articles/2015/01/07/5-facts-about-american-style-universities-in-the -arab-region?int=a02308 2 1 . I b i d . 22 . Tamar Lewin, “U.S. Universities Rush to Set Up Outposts Abroad,” The New York Times, February 10, 2008. 2 3 . I b i d . 2 4 . I b i d . Notes ● 187

2 5 . I b i d . 26 . Zvika Krieger, “Dubai, Aiming to be an Academic Hub,” The Chronicle of Higher Education 54, no. 8 (October 2007): A33. Also see Zvika Krieger, “Saudi Arabia Puts Its Billions behind Western Style Higher Education,” The Chronicle of Higher Education 54, no. 3 (September 2007): 55. 27 . Nirmala Janssen, “Kuwait to Reform Education System,” Gulf News, February 26, 2005. 2 8 . I b i d . 29 . American International Recruitment Council, “Who We Are— Overview, Mission, Vision, Governance, Quick Facts,” Available at http://airc-education.org/about-airc 30 . “Elite Women’s Colleges Recruit in the Middle East,” The Chronicle of Higher Education , June 3, 2008, available from http://chronicle.com /article/Elite-Womens-Colleges-Recruit/41086 31 . Laurence H. M. Holland, “Students Recruit in Middle East,” Harvard Crimson , February 15, 2006. 3 2 . I b i d . 3 3 . J o s e p h N y e , S e l l i n g i t S o f t l y , Los Angeles Times , April 25, 2004, available from http://articles.latimes.com/2004/apr/25/opinion/op-nye25/2A 34 . From Kennedy Lugar Youth Exchange, available at http://exchanges .state.gov/non-us/program/kennedy-lugar-youth-exchange-study-yes /stories/richness-diversity#sthash.EagCKOW4.dpuf 3 5 . I b i d . 36 . Tara Rahrampour, “Trading Places: Middle Eastern Students Complete 10-month Exchange Program,” The Washington Post, June 19, 2007. 37 . “Clinton Announces Million-Dollar Scholarship Program for Palestinian Students,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 9, 2009. 3 8 . I b i d . 39 . “Iraqi Students in U.S. Face Unique Challenges,” The Daily Star, Lebanon, March 25, 2004. 4 0 . “ F u l b r i g h t S c h o l a r s h i p s f o r I r a q i s t o R e s u m e , ” Reuters, October 21, 2003. 41 . “Iraqi Students in U.S. Face Unique Challenges.” 42 . John R. Hughey, “Iraqi Fulbright Scholars See Hope for Future,” February 27, 2004, available at http://www.indiana.edu/~ocmhptst/022704 /text/outreach.shtml 4 3 . I b i d . 44 . “Number of Fulbright Scholarships from Iraq Doubled,” Syndicated News, June 11, 2009. 188 ● Notes

45. Garrett Haake and Robert Windrem, “After 9/11 U.S. Gave More Visas to Saudi Students,” from NBC News, http://investigations.nbc- news.com/news/2011/02/04/6014237-after-911-us-gave-more-visas-to -saudi-students 46 . Richard Perez-Pena, “More American Jewish Students Take up the Study of Arabic and the Arab World,” The New York Times, October 18, 2013, p. A14. 4 7 . I b i d . 4 8 . I b i d . 4 9 . I b i d . 5 0 . I b i d . 51 . World Education News and Reviews, “Middle Eastern Students Find Options at Home and Elsewhere,” November 1, 2004, available at http://wenr.wes.org/2004/11/wenr-novemberdecember-2004-middle- eastern-students-find-options-at-home-and-elsewhere/ 52 . Perez-Pena, “More American Jewish Students.”

2 Summer Tramps: American Students in the Middle East 1 . Jennifer Conlin, “For American Students, Life Lessons in the Mideast,” The New York Times, August 6, 2010. 2 . Text of Barak Obama’s Speech in Cairo, The New York Times , June 4, 2009, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us /politics/04obama.text.html 3 . Conlin, “For American Students, Life Lessons in the Mideast.” 4 . I b i d . 5 . I b i d . 6 . I b i d . 7 . Institute of International Education, Open Doors, “Profile of U.S. Study Abroad Students, 2000/01–2010/11,” 2012, available at http:// www.iie.org/opendoors 8 . I b i d . 9 . Institute of International Education, Open Doors, “Profile of U.S. Study Abroad Students, 2000/01–2010/11,” 2012, available at http:// www.iie.org/opendoors 10 . Akane Otani, “Middle East Unrest Puts Study Abroad Programs on Edge,” USA Today, September 10, 2013. 1 1 . I b i d . 1 2 . I b i d . 13 . Aaron Sankin, “Egypt Study Abroad Programs Suspended in Wake of Ongoing Unrest,” Huffington Post , July 15, 2013. Notes ● 189

14 . Correspondence from The California State University Office of the Chancellor, August 21, 2014, available at http://www.sjsu.edu/studya- broad/docs/Memo-Israel-Fall2014-082114.pdf 15 . Molly Cornfield, “California State System Reinstates Study Abroad to Israel,” February 2, 2014, available at http://www.jpost.com /International/California-state-system-reinstates-study-abroad-to-Israel 16. Will Rasmussen, “American Students Seek True View of Middle East,” Reuters , November 14, 2007. 1 7 . I b i d . 1 8 . I b i d . 19 . Cailin McKenna, “Abroad in a War Zone: Students Amid Global Conflict,” The Fordham Ram , March 11, 2015, http://fordhamram. com/2015/03/11/hold-abroad-in-a-war-zone/ 2 0 . I b i d . 2 1 . I b i d . 22. Robert Morse and Melinda Foster, “How U.S. News Calculated the Best Arab Region Universities Rankings,” U.S. News , November 3, 2014. 23 . Ted Purinton, “New Rankings Paint a False Picture of Arab Universities,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 30, 2015. 24 . Rajika Bhandari and Adnan El-Amine, “Higher Education Classification in the Middle East and North Africa: A Pilot Study,” Institute of International Education (IIE), Lebanese Association for Educational Studies, with support from Carnegie Corporation of New York, February 2012. 25 . Cara Lane-Toomey, “U.S. Government Factors Influencing an Expansion of Study Abroad in the Middle East/North Africa,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 24 (2014): 121–140. 26 . Creating Global Awareness: Statement on International Education Week 2011 by US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, November 14, 2011, available at http://www.globaled.us/now/fullstatementhillaryclinton.html

3 Quiet Revolutions, 2010–2020 1 . Fadia Jiffry, “Saudis 4th Largest Group of Foreign Students in the U.S.,” Arab News , May 17, 2013. 2 . Aisha Labi, “Hundreds of Iraqi Scholarship Winners Are Set to Arrive on U.S. Campuses,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 30, 2010. 190 ● Notes

3 . I b i d . 4 . Jiffry, “Saudis 4th Largest Group of Foreign Students in the U.S.” 5. Mary Beth Marklein, “Saudi Students Flood U.S. Colleges for English Lessons,” USA Today , January 15, 2013. 6 . I b i d . 7 . I b i d . 8 . I I E , Open Doors, 2013–2014 . 9 . Edith M. Lederer, “Malala Speech: Pakistani Teen Speaks out Publicly for First Time since Being Shot by Taliban,” Huffington Post , July 12, 2013. 1 0 . I b i d . 11 . Shirin Ebadi, “Nobel Laureate Criticises Iranian President,” Al Jazeera, November 6, 2013. 12. Fariba Sahraei, “Iranian University Bans on Women Causes Consternation,” BBC Persian , September 22, 2012. 13 . From Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, available at http:// eca.state.gov/programs-initiatives/womens-empowerment/goldman -sachs-10000-women-us-department-state#sthash.6faP5CsS.dpuf 14 . Patrick Clawson, “Demography in the Middle East: Population Growth Slowing, Women’s Situation Unresolved,” March 2009, available at http://www.washsingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/demography -in-the-middle-east-population-growth-slowing-womens-situation-un 15 . Techgirls, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Exchange Programs, available at http://exchanges.state.gov/non-us/program /techgirls 16 . Kelsey Sheehy, “E-Learning Engages Women in Saudi University,” U.S. News and World Report , December 13, 2011, available at http://www .usnews.com/education/arab-region-universities/articles/2011/12/13 /e-learning-engages-women-at-saudi-university 1 7 . I b i d . 18 . “Queen Rania Foundation Partners with edX to Create First MOOC Portal for the Arab World,” PR Newswire , November 8, 2013. 19 . Mooc Camps, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, available at http://eca.state.gov/programs-initiatives/mooc-camp#sthash. FWDgJVRQ.dpuf 20 . “Arab Universities Chart New Course between Research, Job Training,” U.S. News and World Report , November 4, 2014, available at http://www.usnews.com/education/best-arab-region-universities /articles/2014/11/04/arab-universities-chart-new-course-between -research-job-training Notes ● 191

21 . Ursula Lindsey, “Online Program Connects Students across Cultural and National Borders,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, December 5, 2010. 2 2 . I b i d . 2 3 . I b i d . 2 4 . I b i d . 25 . Ahmed Al Omran, “Saudi MOOC Startup Wants to ‘Disrupt’ Arab Education,” December 17, 2013, available at http://blogs.wsj.com/ middleeast/2013/12/17/saudi-mooc-startuup-wants-to-disrupt-arab- education/ 26 . B e n j a m i n P l a c k e t t , “ W o r l d ’ s L a r g e s t U n i v e r s i t y I s S c a m m i n g S t u d e n t s , Investigation Reveals,” Al Fanar Media, February 24, 2015. 2 7 . I b i d . 28 . Karen Leggett, “Influx from the Middle East,” International Educator , November-December 2013. 2 9 . I b i d . 30 . “Another Record Year for International Student Enrollment Reported at Indiana University,” 2012, available at http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/ page/normal/23098.html

4 Issues, Trends, and Unpaved Roads 1 . Vincent Romani, “The Politics of Higher Education in the Middle East: Problems and Prospects,” Brandeis University Crown Center for Middle East Studies, No. 36, May 2009. 2 . The World Bank, “Education in the Middle East and North Africa,” January 27, 2014, available at http://www.worldbank.org/en/region /mena/brief/education-in-mena 3 . D. D. Guttenplan, “Advocating for Arab Higher Education,” The New York Times , February 25, 2013. 4 . “The Tragedy of the Arabs,” The Economist, July 5, 2014. 5 . Beth McMurtrie, “American Colleges Discuss Their Next Moves in Protest-Riven Middle East,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 23, 2011. 6 . Julia Glum, “ISIS Takeover in Iraq: Mosul University Students, Faculty Uncertain about the Future of Higher Education,” International Business Times, December 2, 2014. 7 . I b i d . 8 . I b i d . 192 ● Notes

9 . Bureau of Consular Affairs travel warnings, available at http://travel .state.gov/content/passports/english/alertswarnings/worldwide -caution.html 10 . Al Arabiya News, “U.S. University Bans Iranian Students from Science, Engineering Classes,” February 18, 2015, available at http://english .alarabiy.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/02/18/U-S-university-bans -Iranian-students-from-engineering-classes.html 11 . Peter Schmidt, “Supporters of Israel Say Programs in Middle East Studies Misuse U.S. Funds,” The Chronicle of Higher Education , September 17, 2014. 1 2 . I b i d . 13 . Zachary Lockman, “Behind the Battles over Middle East Studies,” Middle East Report Online , January 2004, available at http://www .merip.org/mero/interventions/lockman_interv.html 14 . Benjamin Plackett, “Data Shows Arab Scientists Making More Impact,” Al Fanar Media, July 27, 2014. 1 5 . I b i d . 1 6 . I b i d . 17 . Bassam Tawil, “Hero of the Middle East: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,” Gatestone Institute, February 23, 2015, Available at http://en/wordpress.com/tag/al-azhar-university/ 18 . Devon Haynie, “More Middle Eastern Students Come to the U.S., Find Surprises,” U.S. News and World Reports , February 18, 2015, available at http://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2015/02/18 /more-middle-eastern-students-come-to-the-us-find-surprises 1 9 . I b i d . 2 0 . I b i d . 21 . Sierra Ramsay, “Language Top Hurdle for Iraqi Women in U.S.,” Mosaic , May 15, 2015, available at http://cojmc.unl.edu/mosaic/2015/05/15 /language-tops-lists-hurdles-iraqi-women-u-s/ 22 . IIE Center for Academic Mobility Research and Impact, 2014, available at http://www.iie.org/Who-We-Are/Centers-of-Excellence/Center-for -Academic-Mobility-Research-Impact 23 . Suchitra Bajpai Chaudhary, “Higher Education Trends in the Middle East,” The Middle East Research and Information Project, September 24, 2013, available at http://m.gulfnews.com/opinion/media-watch /higher-education-trends-in-the-middle-east-1.1234827

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Index

Abbas, Mahmoud, 129 Algeria, 19, 24, 26–7, 33, 37, 40, 42–3, Abbasid, 5–9 60, 71, 74, 82, 103, 119, 123, 134, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, 6 136, 159–60, 172 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 129, 166 Ali Ibn Abi Talib, 6 Abdul Aziz, Abdulaziz, 18, 127 Aljazeera, 131 Abdul Latif Tibawi, 26 Alkyam, Sami M., 138 Abdullah II (King of Jordan), 101, Almulla, Ahmet, 61 128, 167 Ambient Insight, 140 Abi-Mershed, Osama, 87 American Association of Jewish Aboul-Ela, Badr, 143 Lawyers and Jurists, 162 Abu Dhabi, 18, 66–7, 91, 105, 115, 143 American Association of State Colleges Abu Muslim, 6–7 and Universities, 54 Administration of Justice I Project, 80 American Board of Commissioners for Affordable Volunteer Program Foreign Missions, 12–14 (Morocco), 106 American Civil War, 10, 14, 16, 75 Ahmad al Jabir Al Sabah, Sheik, 19 American College for Girls Ahmed al-Tayyeb, Sheik, 166 (Istanbul), 14 Ain Shams University, 135, 180 American Council on Education Akhdar, Farouk, 32 (ACE), 51 Al Assif, Ibrahim, 135 American Friends of the Middle East Al Burqan field, 19 (AFME), 22–3, 25. See also Al Fanar, 142, 151 AMIDEAST Al Jamiat, 71 American Institute for Foreign Study Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation, 141 (AIFS), 74, 95, 106, 118 Al-Ahliyya University, 105, 179 American International Recruitment Al-Azhar University, 8, 92, 109, 128, Council, 71 166, 180 American Muslim Social Scientists, 28 Al-Farhan, Fouad, 142 American Oriental Society, 29 Al-Hussayen, Sami, 142 American Revolutionary War, 9–10 Al-Mamun (Abbasid caliph), 7, 8 American University in Washington, Alborz College, 14 58, 93, 128 Aldawsari, Khalid Ali-M, 84 American University of Dubai, 106 Alexandria Trust, 151 American University of Kuwait, 181 202 ● Index

American University of Sharjah, 96, Berger, Miriam, 86 106, 182 Bible, Biblical, 13, 29, 46 American University in Cairo, 14, 62, bin Laden, Osama, 45 91–2, 99–100, 104, 110, 181 Bissell, George, 15–16 Center for Arab Studies Abroad, Blankfein, Lloyd C., 134 31, 89 Board of the Foreign Missions of the American University of Beirut, 93, 109. Presbyterian Church, 14 See also Syrian Protestant College Boston University, 65 American-Near East Refugee Aid, Bradley, John D., 38 Inc., 24 Brandeis University, 93, 158 AMIDEAST, 24–5, 39–41, 71, 73, Brewer, Francis B., 15 79–81, 104, 112–13. See also Brown, Laura, 50 American Friends of the Brown, Nathan, 163 Middle East Bryn Mawr College, 71 Angell, Linda C., 96 Bureau of Consular Affairs, 54–5 Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 17–19 Bureau of Educational and Cultural Arab League, 97 Affairs, 24–5, 93 Arab Regional Agenda for Improving Bureau of Resource Management Education Quality, 150 Performance and Accountability Arab Spring, 97, 99, 157 Report, 54 Arab Student Association, 61 Bush, George, 49–50, 75–6, 88 Arabian American Oil Company Byzantine, 5–7 (Aramco), 18 Arabic language, 3, 5, 9, 31, 68, 87–9, Cairo, 77–8, 86, 91–2, 98–100, 103–4, 104–6, 112–13, 125 109, 129, 147, 180–1 Modern Standard Arabic, 87, 113 Cairo University, 109, 129, 180 Arabic Language Advisory Board, 112 California Arabian Standard Oil Arafat, Yassar, 129 Company. See Arabian Oil Armitage, Richard, 82–3 Company Association of Arab Universities, 153 caliphate, 5–7, 9, 147 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, 34, Carnegie Mellon, 64, 107, 181 36, 131 Carter, James Earl (Jimmy), 34–6 Carter, Meghann, 144–5 Baath regime, 83 Center for Arabic Study Abroad Baghdad, 5, 7–9, 23–5, 83–4 (CASA), 31 Bahrain, 4, 18, 26, 40, 42–3, 60–1, Center for English Language Education 71, 82, 96, 103, 115, 119, 123, (Lebanon), 39 134–5, 140 Center for Leadership Excellence Bait-ul-Hitmat. See House of Wisdom (Cairo), 77 Barbary Wars, 1, 36 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 35, Barnard College, 71 47, 96 Bartholdi, Auguste, 2 Chevrette, Peggy, 50 Bashar al-Assad, 129 Chirol, Sir Ignatius Valentine, 3 Benedict XVI, Pope, 167 Chowan College, 46–7 Index ● 203

Chronicle of Higher Education, 142, 151, Dubai, 18, 65, 98, 105–6, 139, 147, 162–3 151, 156, 182 Church Missionary Society, 12 Dubai International Academic City Cisco Entrepreneur Institute (DIAC), 106 (Lebanon), 81 Duke University, 106, 122 Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 76, 114 Clinton, William J. (Bill), 25 Ebadi, Shirin, 131 Cold War, 20, 49, 56, 87 Eddy, William, 14 colonial colleges, American, 9 Edraak, 138 Common Word Initiative, 167 Education City, Qatar, 64–5, 117 Connect (program), 140 edX, 137–8 Constantinople, 7. See also Istanbul Effat University, 127, 135 Cornell University, 64, 81 Egypt, 8–9, 13, 21, 26–7, 31–2, 34, 37, David Skorton, 64 40–3, 60, 66, 71, 73–4, 77–8, 80, School of Industrial and Labor 82, 91–3, 96, 98–9, 102–4, 109, Relations, 92, 122 112–13, 119, 123, 129, 134–6 Weill Medical College, 64, 181 Egypt Fellowships Program, 77 Council on International Education Eisenhower, Dwight, 4, 20, 95 Exchange (CIEE), 94, 105–6, 113 Eisenhower Doctrine, 4 Council on Student Travel, 94 El Sabeh, Yasmina, 62 Coursera, 138 el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 129, 166 Critical Language Scholarship Elmadboly, Mostafa, 101 Program, 88, 125 Endeavor Egypt, 78 Cyprus, 4, 42, 60 English as a Second Language (ESL), 49, 169 Damascus, 5–6, 24, 100, 120, 147 English language proficiency, 65 Daneshjoo, Kamran, 131 enrollments, student, 4, 11, 32, 36–42, Dar Al-Hekma University, 135 50, 66, 69–70, 77, 81, 84 Dartmouth, 15, 68 by academic level, 172 Darweesh, Farouk, 83 American enrollments in MENA Delaware Foreign Study Program, 94 region, 95, 102 demographics, student, 160–1 distance education enrollments, 138 “youth bulge,” 72, 160 female enrollments, 136, 154–5 designated school official (DSO), 53 MENA enrollments in US, 21, 33, Dhahran, Damman, 19, 178 58–60, 103, 116–23, 144, 154, Discovery Program, 77 170, 173 distance education, 136–44 Euphrates, 7 MOOCS, 137–40, 142, 174, 190 Exxon Middle East and North Africa Djerejian, Edward, 88 Scholarships Program, 78 Doha Declaration on Education Quality, 150 Faile, Garth, 46 Dome of the Rock, 6 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drake, Edwin L., 15 60, 84–5 du Pont, Pierre S., 94 Federal Trade Commission, 71 204 ● Index fellowships. See scholarships Hamid bin Khalifa Al Thani, 129 Ford Foundation, 77, 141 Hamlin, Cyrus, 13 Fordham University, 101 Hamzah bin Hussein, Prince, 128 Fourteen Points, 11 Hamzah bin Hussein, Princess, 128 Fulbright, William J., 24–5 Hanjour, Hani, 48–50 Fulbright Program, 24–6, 31, 40, 61, 77, Harun al-Rashid, 7 79, 82–4, 88, 99, 112, 125–6, 139 Harvard Islamic Society, 28 Harvard University, 28–30, 65, 72, 77, Garfield, Eugene, 164 107, 121, 128, 134, 137–8 Gaza, 4, 26, 40, 74–5, 77, 80, 99, 102 Harvard College, 9 gender (female), 8, 71, 124, 130–7 Harvard Crimson, 72, 137 enrollments, 11, 154 Kennedy School of Government, female adjustment issues, 72 72, 134 occupational opportunities, 155 Hasan, Abdul R., 66 George Mason University, 65–6, Hashim bin Hussein, 128 107, 113 Hebrew, 29–30, 104 George Washington University, 25, 99, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9 129, 163 Hitti, Philip, 7, 22, 30 Georgetown University, 96–8, 102, Hoke, Dean, 143 127–8, 181 Homeland Security, Department of Gesner, Abraham, 15–16 (DHS), 49, 52–6 Ghazi, Princess Areej, 69 Hoover, Herbert, 94 Ghazi bin Muhammad, Prince, Hossein, Sayed, 23 128, 167 House of Wisdom, 7–8 Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, 128 Hullihan, Walter S., 94 Ghougassian, Joseph, 84 Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan, 128 Gibb, Sir Hamilton A., 30 Hussein, Saddam, 82–4 Global Vision, 70–1 Hussein Bin Talal, King of Jordan, 128 Golden Age (Islamic), 3, 7–8 Goldman-Sachs Group, 134 Ibish, Yusuf, 28 Gollin, George, 142 Illegal Immigration Reform and Goodman, Allan E., 59, 116, 118 Immigration Responsibility Act Graduate Record Examination, 40 (IIRIRA), 49, 51 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Illinois Institute of Technology, 145 115–16 Iman bint Abdullah, Princess, 128 Gulf Oil, 19 immigration, immigration Gulf University for Science and policy, 48–9, 51–2, 55, Technology, 68, 181 57, 69, 121 Immigration Act of 1952, 48 Habil, Ahmed, 58 Immigration and Customs Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near East Enforcement, 121 Studies, 30 Immigration and Naturalization Hamdan bin Mohammad Smart Service (INS), 51 University, 139 Indiana University, 30, 93, 145 Index ● 205

Institute of International Education Johnson, Victor, 59 (IIE), 4, 21, 25, 32–3, 37–43, Jordan, 4, 6, 21, 24, 26–7, 32, 37, 59–60, 77–9, 82, 91, 95, 102–3, 39–43, 60, 69, 71–4, 80, 82, 91, 116, 118–19, 121–3, 125, 145, 159, 98–9, 101–3, 105, 109, 112–13, 168, 170–3 115, 119, 123, 127–8, 131, 134, International Islamic University, 136 –7, 140, 153, 156, 159, 166 –8, Malaysia, 70 172, 179 International Journal of Middle Jordan, David Starr, 93 Eastern Studies, 161 Jordan Valley Mobile Craft Training Iran, 4, 6–7, 14, 17, 19, 21–3, 27, 31–4, Center, 24 37–8, 40, 42–3, 60, 82, 103, 117, Jusoor, 145 119, 122–4, 131–2, 159–60 Jwaideh, Wadie Elias, 30 Iranian Bicentennial Scholarship Fund, 32 Kamal, Diana, 73 Iranian Hostage Crisis, 34 Kaplin, Jonathan, 97 Iran-Iraq War, 82 Kennedy, Robert, 74 Iraq, 4–5, 18–19, 21, 26–7, 33, 37, Kennedy School of Government. See 40–3, 60, 66, 75, 79, 82–4, 87, Harvard 91, 100–1, 103, 115, 117, 119, 123, Kennedy-Lugar Youth Education and 128, 131, 134, 158–9, 169, 172 Study (YES) program, 69, 73–4, 134 ISIS or ISIL (Islamic State in Syria/ Kerry, John, 134 Levant), 101, 158 Keterer, James, 157 Islam/Islamic, 3, 6–9, 13, 27–8, 60–1, Khadduri, Majid, 30 69, 79, 92, 101, 103, 130, 141, Khalid as Mihdhar, 48 149–50, 163, 166–7 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, 46 Islamic Book Service, 28 Khalil, Salah, 151 Islamic Medical Association, 28 Khandros, Anna, 92 Islamic Revolution, 36, 131 Kier, Samuel, 16 Islamic Society of North America, King Abdullah Scholarship Program, 28. See also Muslim Student 85, 135, 169, 171 Association King Fahd University for Petroleum Islamic Teaching Center, 28 and Minerals, 109, 128, 178 Israel, 4, 20–1, 24, 27, 32, 37, 41–3, 60, King Faisal Foundation, 81 77, 82, 86, 88, 96–100, 102–5, King Khalid University, 137 107, 119, 123, 129, 141, 149, King Saud University, 109, 132, 177 161–3, 167, 172 Kirkbride, Raymond, 93 Israel Institute for Technology Knowledge Village, UAE, 65, 106 (Technion), 104 Kramer, Martin, 162 Istanbul, 14, 106–7 Ku Klux Klan, 75 Istanbul University, 107 Kuwait, 4, 17, 19–20, 25–6, 33, 37, 41–3, 47–8, 59–60, 67–8, 70–1, Jassem, Barakat Kadhem, 83 74, 82, 103, 109, 112, 115, 117, Jefferson, Thomas, 1, 13, 36 119, 122–3, 129, 131, 133–4, 140, Jews, Jewish, 2, 13, 21, 86, 141, 149, 166 144, 172, 181 206 ● Index

Kuwait Oil Company, 19 Middlebury College, 86, 98 Kuwait University, 68, 109, 133, 181 missionaries, Christian, 1, 11–15, 18, 29, 61 Lebanese American University, 62 Modern Language Association, 87 Lebanon, 4, 6, 14, 21, 26–7, 33, 37, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, 36 39–40, 42–3, 60, 70–2, 74 Mongols, 2, 9 Legal and Business Fellowship Montana State University, 137–40, Program, 81 142, 157 Less Commonly Taught Morocco, 2, 4, 23, 26, 40, 42–3, 60, Languages, 113 71, 80, 82, 87, 93, 102–3, 106, Libya, 2, 4, 24, 27, 33, 37, 40, 42–3, 112–13, 115, 119, 123, 134, 136, 60, 82, 103, 119, 123, 134, 144, 160, 165, 172 157, 159, 172 Morsi, Mohammad, 129 Lift-Off Initiative, 78 Moshe Dayan Center for Eastern and LOTUS Scholarship Fund, 78 African Studies, 163 Mount Holyoke College, 71 Maghrabi, Khalid, 120 Muhammad the Prophet, 5–6, 8, Maghreb, 5, 159 130, 166 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 3 Muslim Student Association (MSA), Malta, 4, 13 27–8, 58. See also Islamic Society Marwan, Mustafa, 141 of North America Mashriq, 5 Muslim World League, 28 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Muslim-Christian Convocation, 23 (MIT), 78, 122, 129, 137 Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, 83 Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). See distance education NAFSA: Association of International Maysoon Al-Sayed Ahmed, 120 Educators, 23, 40, 51, 59 McDermott, Hannah, 92 Nasser Mohammed Al Ahmed Al Mecca, 5, 166, 178 Sabah, Sheik, 67–8 Melville, Herman, 2 National Defense Education Act, 95 MENA Flagship Report on National Security Language Education, 150 Institute, 125 Merkel, Angela, 157 Nawaz, Amina, 58 Mesopotamia, 3 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 129 Michigan State University, 65, 116 New York University, 29, 65, 116 Middle East and North Africa Peace Nizam al-Mulk, 8 Scholarship Program, 78, 125 Nizamayah, 8 Middle East Entrepreneur Training in Noor, Queen of Jordan, 128 the US, 80 Northeastern University, 58 Middle East Forum, 162 Northwestern University, 65, 98 Middle East Partnership Initiative Norwegian Ministry of Foreign (MEPI), 75–6 Affairs, 141 Middle East Studies Association Nour al-Wuaimi, 158 (MESA), 161–3 Nye, Joseph, 72 Index ● 207

Obama, Barak, 92 Qatar University, Doha, 107, 181 Obeid, Taher, 26 Quran, 1, 3, 5, 8–9, 13, 87 Office of the Inspector General, 55 Ohio State University, 55 Ramadan, 28 oil, 1–2, 20–1, 43–4, 147, 149, 156 Ramadan, Tariq, 149 discovery and early development, Rania al Abdullah, Queen of Jordan, 15–19, 24 128, 137–8 studies and uses for oil, 16–17 Queen Rania Foundation, 137 Open Society Institute, 80 rankings, university, 107–9, 110–11, Operation Eagle Claw, 35 121, 152, 164 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Reagan, Ronald, 36 Countries (OPEC), 19, 33–4, Renaissance, European, 9 36–8 Riyadh University, 132 Orientalism, orientalists, 29–30, 162 Robert College, 14, 107 Ottoman, Ottoman Empire, 2–3, Rochester Institute of Technology, 12–13, 18 65, 182 Rothman, Moriel, 86 Palestine, 4, 6, 21–2, 80, 129, 136, 141 Rwaq, 142 Palestine Faculty Development Program, 80 Saad, al Ghamdi, 48 Partners for International Education Said, Edward, 162 and Training, 39 Sasanian, 5–6 Patel, David, 158 Saud, House of, 18 Patriot Act, 49 Saudi Arabia, 4, 18–21, 26–8, 32–4, Pendlebury, David, 164 37, 40–3, 46–8, 59–60, 67, 70–1, Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, 16 80–2, 84–5, 103, 115–21, 123, Persia, Persian, 2, 5–7, 29–30 127, 131–40, 144–5, 153, 165, Persian Gulf, 3, 17–18, 41, 65, 115 168–9, 171–2, 177 Pew Research Center, 61 Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission (to the Philby, J. B., 18 US), 121, 171 Princess Muna Al Hussein, 128 Saudi Electric University, 139 Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman Scholars for Peace in the Middle University, 135 East, 162 Princess Sumaya University of scholarships, fellowships, 124–6 Technology, 105, 179 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), 40 Princeton University, 9, 22, 30, 110, School of Life, 69 122, 127–8 Schweitzer-Bluhm, Micaela, 77 Protestant, 12–14, 29 Scudder, Lewis, 12 Purinton, Ted, 110 Second Great Awakening, 13 Selah, Barham, 84 Qatar, 4, 18–19, 26, 33, 37, 43, 60, September 11, 2001 (9/11), 47, 51, 64–5, 67, 71, 82, 98, 102–3, 107, 58–61, 63–4, 69–70, 72–3, 77, 115, 117–18, 123, 129, 134, 141, 80, 84–8, 92, 96, 98, 100, 113, 152, 154 – 6, 172, 181 115, 120, 162 208 ● Index

Sexton, John, 66 Tehran, University of, 31–2 Shalem College, Jerusalem, 163 Tel Aviv University, 104, 163 Shaykh Akram Nadwi, 8 Tenet, George, 96 Shivers, Ann, 100 terrorists, terrorism, 47, 49, 63, 85, 97, Silliman, Benjamin, 16 100, 159 Smith College, 94 Test of English as a Foreign Language Soleyman, Masjed, 17 (TOEFL), 39–40, 172 Soliya, 140 Texas A & M University, 181 Standards Development Thompson, Dorothy, 21–2 Organization, 71 Times Higher Education, 109–10, 121, 152 Stanford University, 22, 28, 55, 121 Truman, Harry S., 20, 25 State University of New York, 107, 157 Tufts University, 142 Statue of Liberty, 2 Tunisia, 1, 2, 4, 26, 32, 40, 42–3, Student and Exchange Visitor 60, 71, 74, 80, 82, 96, 98, 109, Information System (SEVIS), 112–13, 123, 134, 136, 157, 172 51–4, 56–8 Turkey, 4, 14, 27, 37, 41–3, 48, 60, 74, Student and Exchange Visitor Program 82, 96, 98–9, 102–3, 106–7, 119, (SEVP), 52 123, 141 study abroad, American, 20–1, 31, Turki, Prince, 127 42–3, 86, 91–105, 107, 112–14, Twain, Mark, 2 118, 126, 157, 161, 174 Summer Tramps, 93 Udacity, 139 Subcommittee on 21st Century Umayyad, 5–7 Competitiveness (2002), 54 United Arab Emirates, 4, 19, 26, 33, Suez Canal, 2–3, 24 37, 40–3, 47, 58–60, 65, 67, Suez Canal University, 109, 181 70–1, 82, 85, 91, 96, 98, 102–3, Sulaiman, Abdullah, 18 105–6, 112, 115, 117–19, 123, Syria, 4–6, 14, 21, 26–7, 37, 40, 42–3, 134, 143, 181 60, 66, 71, 74, 82, 88, 91, 96, 98, United Arab Emirates University, 106, 101–5, 107, 112–14, 118, 126, 157, 109, 181 161, 174 United Nations, 92, 130–2, 148, 153, Syrian Protestant College. See 155, 159 American University of Beirut United Nations Educational, Scientific Syrian Virtual University, 139 and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 153 Talal Abu-Ghazelah University, 139 United Nations Refugee Agency, 132 Taliban, 130 United States Agency for International Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Development (USAID), 39, 78, Sheik, 129 80, 157 Tannenbaum, Jessica, 102 United States Bureau of Overseas TechGirls, 136 Advisory Council, 101 Technion. See Israel Institute of United States Business Internship Technology Program for Young Middle Tehran, 23, 25, 34, 35, 39 Eastern Women, 80 Index ● 209

United States Department of visas, student, 45–9, 51–2, 54–6, 70, Commerce, 116, 121 77–8, 85, 120–1 United States Department of Defense, 88 von Grunebaum, Gustave, 30 United States Department of Education, 31, 88, 156 Ward, David, 51 United States Department of Justice, 71 Washington, George, 1, 11 United States Department of State Web of Science, 164 (DOS), 24–6, 52, 73, 79, 81, 88, Wellesley College, 71 94, 97–8, 136 West Bank, 4, 26, 40, 74, 76, 80, 86, 91 United States Information Agency Wharton, Edith, 2 (USIA), 40 Wheeler, David, 151 university classification systems, 111, 112 White, Timothy P., 99 University of Arizona, 58 Wilcox, Sarah, 159 University of Arkansas, 24–5, 124 William and Mary, College of, 9 University of California system, 98–9 Wilson, Woodrow, 11 University of California, Berkeley, World Bank, 4, 111, 133, 150–2 122, 125 World Innovation Summit for University of California, Los Education (Doha), 116 Angeles, 30, 116 World Islamic Sciences and Education University of Chicago, 22, 122 University (Jordan), 167 Center for Middle East Studies, 87 World Trade Center, 46, 51 Fred Donner, director, 87 University of Colorado, 58 Xiaoping, Deng, 150 University of Delaware, 93 University of Illinois, 27, 100, 116, 142 Yale, 9, 16, 22, 29, 64, 122 University of Jordan, 105, 109, 179 Yemen, 4, 26, 40, 42–3, 60, 70–1, 74, University of Massachusetts, 57–8, 159 82, 85, 103, 119, 123, 136, 151, University of Minnesota, 106–7 157, 159 University of Missouri, St. Louis, 68 “youth bulge.” See demographics, University of Mosul, 158 student US News & World Report, 107–10 Youth Enrichment for Leadership, US State Department Smart Traveler Learning and Action (YELLA), 78 Enrollment Program, 101 USA Today, 58, 102, 120 Zayed University, 106, 182 Zeinab, Taha, 89 Venezuela, 19, 33, 37 Zionism, Zionists, 21, 162 Virginia Commonwealth Zionist Organization of America, 162 University, 181 Zitawi, Sammy, 47