Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Volume 224

Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors Fernando Gomide, Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering—FEEC, University of Campinas— UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil Okyay Kaynak, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Derong Liu, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Witold Pedrycz, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Marios M. Polycarpou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Imre J. Rudas, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary Jun Wang, Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developments in Networks and Systems—quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNNS. Volumes published in LNNS embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Networks and Systems. The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks, spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. The series covers the theory, applications, and perspectives on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems and networks, decision making, control, complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of interdisciplinary and applied sciences, engineering, computer science, physics, economics, social, and life sciences, as well as the paradigms and methodologies behind them. Indexed by SCOPUS, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH, SCImago. All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15179 Dalia A. Magdi · Yehia K. Helmy · Mohamed Mamdouh · Amit Joshi Editors

Digital Transformation Technology Proceedings of ITAF 2020 Editors Dalia A. Magdi Yehia K. Helmy Canadian International College Department of Information Systems Sadat Academy for Management Sciences New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

Mohamed Mamdouh Amit Joshi Department of Computer Sciences Global Knowledge Research Foundation Ahram Canadian University Ahmedabad, India Cairo, Egypt

ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ISBN 978-981-16-2274-8 ISBN 978-981-16-2275-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2275-5

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface

This volume contains the papers presented at ITAF 2020, Digital Transformation Technology: Informatics Insights, held online due to COVID-19 pandemic at Cairo, Egypt, 26 and 27 January 2021, collaborated by Global Knowledge Research Foun- dation. The associated partners were Springer and InterYIT IFIP. The 2nd ITAF Congress featured two days of focused networking and information sharing at the IoT cutting edge. This first edition brought together researchers, leading innova- tors, business executives, and industry professionals to examine the latest advances and applications for commercial and industrial end users across sectors within the emerging Internet of things ecosphere. It targeted the state-of-the-art as well as emerging topics related to the Internet of things such as big data research, emerging services and analytics, Internet of things (IoT) fundamentals, electronic computation and analysis, big data for multi-discipline services, security, privacy and trust, IoT technologies, and open and cloud technologies. The main objective of the conference was to provide opportunities for the researchers, academicians, industry persons, students, and expertise from all over the world to interact and exchange ideas and experience in the field of Internet of things. It also focused on innovative issues at the international level by bringing together the experts from different countries. It introduced emerging technological options, platforms, and case studies of IoT implementation in the areas by researchers, leaders, engineers, executives, and devel- opers who will present the IoT industry which are dramatically shifting business strategies and changing the way we live, work, and play. The ITAF Conference incited keynotes, case studies, and breakout sessions, focusing on smart solutions leading Egypt in IoT technologies into 2030 and beyond. The conference started with the welcome speech of Assoc. Prof. Dalia A. Magdi, Conference Chair, ITAF 2020; Prof. Inas Ezz, Acting President of Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; Dr. Amit Joshi, Organizing Secretary, ITAF 2020, Director of Global Knowledge Research Foundation; and Mr. Aninda Bose, Sr. Publishing Editor, Springer Nature. On behalf of ITAF 2020 board, we thank all respectable keynote speakers, Senator Hayam Farouk, Member of the Egyptian Senate; Mike Hinchey, Ph.D. Professor and

v vi Preface

Director—LERO, University of Limerick, Ireland, and President, IFIP—Interna- tional Federation for Information Processing; Sir Aninda Bose, Sr. Publishing Editor, Springer Nature, Germany; Prof. Mohamed Zahran, Computer Science Depart- ment, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University; Nilanjan Dey, Ph.D. Associate Professor—JIS University, Kolkata, India; Mihir Chauhan, Director—Global Knowledge Research Foundation, India; Dr. Khaled Elbehiery, Professor of Computer Networking and Cloud Engineering, Park University, USA, and Senior Director, Charter Communications, Inc., USA; Dr Ahmed Samir, Data Science Senior Manager, Vodafone;Prof. Magdy Abo el Ela, Computer and Informa- tion Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; Prof. Nevine Makram, Chair of Computer and Information Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; and Prof. Amal Elsayed Aboutabl, Professor, Computer Science Department, and Vice Dean for Community Service and Environmental Development, Helwan University. A lot of researches were submitted in various advanced technology areas, and 37 researches were reviewed and accepted by the committee members to be presented and published. There were four technical sessions in total, and talks on academic and industrial sector were focused on both the days as follows: • Cloud Security and DT Applications • Big Data and AI in Digital Transformation • Digital Transformation in Business • AI and IoT in Health Care On behalf of the conference chairs and editors, we owe a special thanks to Prof. Inas Ezz, Acting President, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, for her support and participation, and we also thank Senator Hayam Farouk, Member, Egyptian Senate, for her speech; many thanks to all the keynote speakers, researchers and attendees of this conference, wishing to see you soon in ITAF 2021.

New Cairo, Egypt Associate Professor Dalia A. Magdi Conference Chair and Editor Contents

Cloud-Securiy and DT Applications Gravitational Energy; Aerospace’s Future Technology ...... 3 Hussam Elbehiery and Khaled Elbehiery Entropy Detection-Based Spectrum Sensing in Frequency Domain Under Noise Uncertainty for Cognitive Radios Networks ...... 29 Mona A. Fouda, Adly S. Tag Eldien, and Hala A. K. Mansour Detecting Semantic Social Engineering Attack in the Context of Information Security ...... 43 Eman Ali Metwally, Noha A. Haikal, and Hassan Hussein Soliman IS Risks Governance for Cloud Computing Service ...... 67 Mohamed Gamal, Iman M. A. Helal, Sherif A. Mazen, and Sherif Elhennawy Blockchain Technology in Cloud Computing: Challenges and Open Issues ...... 81 Muneer Bani Yassein, Ismail Hmeidi, Omar Alomari, Wail Mardini, Omar AlZoubi, and Dragana Krstic Micro-energy Systems (MESs); Modeling and Optimal Operating BasedonNSGA-II ...... 99 Mostafa Al-Gabalawy, Ahmed R. Adly, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Nesreen S. Hosny Hybrid Cryptography for Cloud Security: Methodologies and Designs ...... 129 Sherief H. Murad and Kamel Hussein Rahouma

Big Data and AI in Digital Transformation A Study of Sentiment Analysis Approaches in Short Text ...... 143 Ahmed F. Ibrahim, M. Hassaballah, Abdelmgeid A. Ali, and Ibrahim A. Ibrahim vii viii Contents

Teleportation; Next Leap to Outer Space ...... 153 Khaled Elbehiery and Hussam Elbehiery Practical Comparison Between the LR(1) Bottom-Up and LL(1) Top-Down Methodology ...... 169 Nabil Amein Ali A Solution for Handling Big Data Heterogeneity Problem ...... 185 Ahmad M. Gamal El-Din and M. B. Senousy Recognizing Clothing Patterns and Colors for BVI People Using Different Techniques ...... 195 Mahmoud Allam, Islam ElShaarawy, and Sara Ahmed Farghal Fuzzy Logic in Control Theory ...... 217 Michael Gr. Voskoglou Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Comparative Study ...... 229 Razan Bayoumi, Marco Alfonse, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on E-learning Platforms: A Survey ..... 253 Jeanne Georges and Dalia Magdi

Digital Transformation in Business A Comparative Analysis of Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques ...... 267 Mohamed Ashraf, Mohamed A. Abourezka, and Fahima A. Maghraby The Mediating Role of Customer Experience Management in the Relationship Between E-Commerce and Supply Chain Management Practices ...... 283 Dalia Youniss Agritech Startup Ecosystem in Ukraine: Ideas and Realization ...... 311 Vitalina Babenko, Larysa Zomchak, Maryna Nehrey, Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem, and Oleksandr Nakisko The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Business Resilience with Pandemic of COVID-19 ...... 323 Yasmin Elgazzar, Rehab El-Shahawy, and Youssef Senousy Bankruptcy Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Survey ...... 335 Samar Aly, Marco Alfonse, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem A Proposed Framework to Apply Secured Mobile Banking in Egypt .... 361 Nevien Makram Labib and Nermin Ibrahim Alarabi Contents ix

Modeling a Business Intelligent System for Managing Orders to Supplier in the Retail Chain with Unified Model Language ...... 375 Silvia Parusheva and Daniela Pencheva Forecasting in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: A Survey ...... 395 Hassan ElMadany, Marco Alfonse, and Mostafa Aref Real-Time Machine Learning-Based Framework for the Analysis of Banking Financial Data ...... 407 Ahmed Mahmoud, Ahmed Salem, and Emad Elsamahy E-Commerce in Ukraine: Place, Range of Problems, and Prospects of Development ...... 423 Vitalina Babenko, Iryna Perevozova, Oleksandr Prystemskyi, Olha Anisimova, Alexandr Fedorchuk, and Iryna Balabanova

AI and IoT in Healthcare Hybrid Rough-Genetic Classification Model for IoT Heart Disease Monitoring System ...... 437 Mohammed M. Eisa and Mona H. Alnaggar Diagnosis and Detection of Liver Cirrhosis Based on Image Analysis . . . 453 Ahmed Gaber, Alaa Hamdy, Hammam Abdelaal, and Hassan Youness Breast Cancer Classification in IoT Framework ...... 463 Mohammed M. Eissa, Magdy Zakaria, and Abeer Hekal Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Onset Sepsis Prediction ...... 479 Zeina Rayan, Marco Alfonse, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem A Systematic Literature Review of DNA-Based Steganography Techniques: Research Trends, Data Sets, Methods, and Frameworks ...... 495 Mohammed A. Farahat, A. Abdo, and Samar K. Kassim Forecasting COVID-19 Pandemic Using Linear Regression Model ..... 507 Heba M. Sabri, Ahmad M. Gamal El-Din, and Lamia Aladel Gulf Area COVID-19 Cases Prediction Using Deep Learning ...... 521 Kareem Kamal A. Ghany, Hossam M. Zawbaa, and Heba M. Sabri Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Methods and Challenges ...... 531 Sarah A. Soliman, El-Sayed A. El-Dahshan, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem Sepsis Prediction Model in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) ...... 539 Zeina Rayan, Marco Alfonse, and Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem x Contents

A Hybrid Mutual Information-LASSO-Genetic Algorithm Selection Approach for Classifying Breast Cancer ...... 547 Muhammed Abd-elnaby, Marco Alfonse, and Mohamed Roushdy Hybrid Model for Prediction of Treatment Response in Beta-thalassemia Patients with Hepatitis C Infection ...... 561 Aisha Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed Sharaf-Eldin, Amany Abdo, and Sanaa Moharram Kamal

Index ...... 585 Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Associate Professor Dalia A. Magdi is Vice Dean of School of Computer Sciences, Canadian International College. She acted as Dean of Faculty of Manage- ment and Information Systems, and she was Head of Information System Depart- ment, Faculty of Management and Information Systems, Vice-Director of CRI (Centre de Recherche Informatique), X Coordinator of Univrsite de Paris-Sud, French University in Egypt and X Coordinator of University of New Brunswick Program at Sadat Academy for Management Sciences. She is Chair and Editor of ITAF2019. She is Member of the Editorial Board of many international journals and reviewer of many international journals. She published many books internationally such as A Proposed Enhanced Model for Adaptive Multi-agent Negotiation Applied On E-commerce, Dalia A. Magdi, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, a trade- mark of: OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG Bahnhofstraße 28, D-66111 Saarbrücken, ISBN (978-3-659-96009-3). She was invited as a keynote speaker and participated in many national and international conferences.

Dr. Yehia K. Helmy is Professor of Information Systems, Faculty of Business, Helwan University. He is Supervisor of the Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Commerce, Helwan University, Academic Supervisor for the Graduate Program in Business Information Systems, Former Dean of the Faculty of Computers and Information, Helwan University, Former coordinator of the Business Information Systems Program at the Faculty of Commerce, Helwan University. He is also Member of the permanent scientific committee for the promotion of professors and assistant professors, and management information systems for computers and information. Also, he is Member of the Commercial Studies Sector Committee at the Supreme Council of Universities and Member of the Board of Directors of the Canadian International College.

xi xii Editors and Contributors

Dr. Mohamed Mamdouh is Assistant Professor of Software Engineering at Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Ahram Canadian Univer- sity, Egypt, and earned a Ph.D. in Information Systems at , Egypt. He has more than 14 years of teaching experience in different educational institutes. His research interests are artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, bioinformatics and Internet of things (IoT). He has published extensively as author and co-author of many papers in highly regarded, peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. He is Researcher in Centre for Research and Inter- disciplinary CRI at French University in Egypt, an environment for experimental research in the above-mentioned areas, and is involved in several open-source soft- ware projects. He is an active member in International Rough Set Society IRSS. He was co-chair of Internet of things application and future international conference 2019.

Amit Joshi is currently Director of Global Knowledge Research Foundation and also Entrepreneur Researcher who has completed his masters and research in the areas of cloud computing and cryptography in medical imaging. He has an experience of around 10 years in academic and industry in prestigious organizations. He is an active member of ACM, IEEE, CSI, AMIE, IACSIT, Singapore, IDES, ACEEE, NPA and many other professional societies. Currently, He is International Chair of InterYIT at International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP, Austria). He has presented and published more than 50 papers in national and international journals/conferences of IEEE and ACM. He has also edited more than 40 books which are published by Springer, ACM and other reputed publishers. He has also organized more than 50 national and international conferences and programs in association with ACM, Springer and IEEE to name a few across different countries including India, UK, Europe, USA, Canada, Thailand, Egypt and many more.

Contributors

Hammam Abdelaal Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information, luxor University, luxor, Egypt Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University, New Cairo, Egypt Muhammed Abd-elnaby Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, , Cairo, Egypt A. Abdo Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Amany Abdo Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artifi- cial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Editors and Contributors xiii

Mohamed A. Abourezka Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt Ahmed R. Adly Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, New Cairo, Egypt Lamia Aladel Department of Computers and Information Systems, Sadat Academy, Cairo, Egypt Nermin Ibrahim Alarabi Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Cairo, Egypt Marco Alfonse Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Informa- tion Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Mostafa Al-Gabalawy Power Engineering and Automatic Control Department, Pyramids Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt Abdelmgeid A. Ali Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, AL Minia, Egypt Nabil Amein Ali Suez Institute of Management Information Systems, Suez, Egypt Mahmoud Allam The Knowledge Hub Universities, Cairo, Egypt Mona H. Alnaggar , Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt Omar Alomari Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Samar Aly Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Omar AlZoubi Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Olha Anisimova Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine Mostafa Aref Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Informa- tion Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Mohamed Ashraf Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt Vitalina Babenko V. N. Karazin, Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine Iryna Balabanova Kherson State Agricultural University, Kherson, Ukraine Razan Bayoumi Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Infor- mation Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Mohammed M. Eisa Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt Mohammed M. Eissa Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt Hussam Elbehiery (O6U), Giza, Egypt xiv Editors and Contributors

Khaled Elbehiery DeVry University, Denver, CO, USA El-Sayed A. El-Dahshan Egyptian E-Learning University, Cairo, Egypt Adly S. Tag Eldien Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, , Cairo, Egypt Ahmad M. Gamal El-Din Computer and Information Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Cairo, Egypt Yasmin Elgazzar Canadian International College, Cairo, Egypt Sherif Elhennawy Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo Univer- sity, Giza, Egypt Hassan ElMadany Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Emad Elsamahy Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt Islam ElShaarawy Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt Rehab El-Shahawy Canadian International College, Cairo, Egypt Mohammed A. Farahat Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Sara Ahmed Farghal Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt Alexandr Fedorchuk Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine Mona A. Fouda Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt Ahmed Gaber Department of Computers and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt Mohamed Gamal Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo Univer- sity, Giza, Egypt Ahmad M. Gamal El-Din Department of Computers and Information Systems, Sadat Academy, Cairo, Egypt Jeanne Georges French University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt Kareem Kamal A. Ghany Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni- Suef University, Beni, Suef, Egypt; College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Noha A. Haikal Faculty of Computers and Information Science, Mansoura Univer- sity, Mansoura, Egypt Editors and Contributors xv

Alaa Hamdy Department of Communications, Electronics and Computer, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt M. Hassaballah Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, , Qena, Egypt Abeer Hekal Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt Iman M. A. Helal Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo Univer- sity, Giza, Egypt Ismail Hmeidi Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Nesreen S. Hosny Power Engineering and Automatic Control Department, Pyra- mids Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt Aisha Mohamed Hussein Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Ahmed F. Ibrahim Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, , Banisuef, Egypt Ibrahim A. Ibrahim Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Minia University, AL Minia, Egypt Sanaa Moharram Kamal Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Samar K. Kassim Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Dragana Krstic Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia Nevien Makram Labib Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Cairo, Egypt Dalia Magdi Canadian International College, Cairo, Egypt; Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Cairo, Egypt Fahima A. Maghraby Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt Ahmed Mahmoud Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Trans- port, Cairo, Egypt Hala A. K. Mansour Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt Wail Mardini Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Sherif A. Mazen Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo Univer- sity, Giza, Egypt xvi Editors and Contributors

Eman Ali Metwally Faculty of Computers and Information Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Sherief H. Murad Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt Oleksandr Nakisko Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, Kharkiv, Ukraine Maryna Nehrey National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine Silvia Parusheva University of Economics—Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Daniela Pencheva University of Economics—Varna, Varna, Bulgaria Iryna Perevozova Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine Oleksandr Prystemskyi Kherson State Agricultural University, Kherson, Ukraine Kamel Hussein Rahouma Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engi- neering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt Zeina Rayan Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Infor- mation Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Mohamed Roushdy Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt Heba M. Sabri Department of Computers and Information Systems, Sadat Academy, Cairo, Egypt Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Ahmed Salem Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt M. B. Senousy Computer and Information Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Cairo, Egypt Youssef Senousy National Organization for Social Insurance, Cairo, Egypt Ahmed Sharaf-Eldin Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, Sinai University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt Hassan Hussein Soliman Faculty of Computers and Information Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Sarah A. Soliman Department of Computer Science, Higher Technological Insti- tute, Cairo, Egypt Editors and Contributors xvii

Michael Gr. Voskoglou Graduate Technological Educational Institute, Patras, Greece Muneer Bani Yassein Department of Computer Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan Hassan Youness Department of Computers and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt Dalia Youniss Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt Magdy Zakaria Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt Hossam M. Zawbaa Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni, Suef, Egypt Larysa Zomchak Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine