Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Volume 224 Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Advisory Editors Fernando Gomide, Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering—FEEC, University of Campinas— UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil Okyay Kaynak, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Derong Liu, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Witold Pedrycz, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Marios M. Polycarpou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Imre J. Rudas, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary Jun Wang, Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developments in Networks and Systems—quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNNS. Volumes published in LNNS embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Networks and Systems. The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks, spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. The series covers the theory, applications, and perspectives on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems and networks, decision making, control, complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of interdisciplinary and applied sciences, engineering, computer science, physics, economics, social, and life sciences, as well as the paradigms and methodologies behind them. Indexed by SCOPUS, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH, SCImago. All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15179 Dalia A. Magdi · Yehia K. Helmy · Mohamed Mamdouh · Amit Joshi Editors Digital Transformation Technology Proceedings of ITAF 2020 Editors Dalia A. Magdi Yehia K. Helmy Canadian International College Department of Information Systems Sadat Academy for Management Sciences Helwan University New Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt Mohamed Mamdouh Amit Joshi Department of Computer Sciences Global Knowledge Research Foundation Ahram Canadian University Ahmedabad, India Cairo, Egypt ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ISBN 978-981-16-2274-8 ISBN 978-981-16-2275-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2275-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface This volume contains the papers presented at ITAF 2020, Digital Transformation Technology: Informatics Insights, held online due to COVID-19 pandemic at Cairo, Egypt, 26 and 27 January 2021, collaborated by Global Knowledge Research Foun- dation. The associated partners were Springer and InterYIT IFIP. The 2nd ITAF Congress featured two days of focused networking and information sharing at the IoT cutting edge. This first edition brought together researchers, leading innova- tors, business executives, and industry professionals to examine the latest advances and applications for commercial and industrial end users across sectors within the emerging Internet of things ecosphere. It targeted the state-of-the-art as well as emerging topics related to the Internet of things such as big data research, emerging services and analytics, Internet of things (IoT) fundamentals, electronic computation and analysis, big data for multi-discipline services, security, privacy and trust, IoT technologies, and open and cloud technologies. The main objective of the conference was to provide opportunities for the researchers, academicians, industry persons, students, and expertise from all over the world to interact and exchange ideas and experience in the field of Internet of things. It also focused on innovative issues at the international level by bringing together the experts from different countries. It introduced emerging technological options, platforms, and case studies of IoT implementation in the areas by researchers, leaders, engineers, executives, and devel- opers who will present the IoT industry which are dramatically shifting business strategies and changing the way we live, work, and play. The ITAF Conference incited keynotes, case studies, and breakout sessions, focusing on smart solutions leading Egypt in IoT technologies into 2030 and beyond. The conference started with the welcome speech of Assoc. Prof. Dalia A. Magdi, Conference Chair, ITAF 2020; Prof. Inas Ezz, Acting President of Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; Dr. Amit Joshi, Organizing Secretary, ITAF 2020, Director of Global Knowledge Research Foundation; and Mr. Aninda Bose, Sr. Publishing Editor, Springer Nature. On behalf of ITAF 2020 board, we thank all respectable keynote speakers, Senator Hayam Farouk, Member of the Egyptian Senate; Mike Hinchey, Ph.D. Professor and v vi Preface Director—LERO, University of Limerick, Ireland, and President, IFIP—Interna- tional Federation for Information Processing; Sir Aninda Bose, Sr. Publishing Editor, Springer Nature, Germany; Prof. Mohamed Zahran, Computer Science Depart- ment, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University; Nilanjan Dey, Ph.D. Associate Professor—JIS University, Kolkata, India; Mihir Chauhan, Director—Global Knowledge Research Foundation, India; Dr. Khaled Elbehiery, Professor of Computer Networking and Cloud Engineering, Park University, USA, and Senior Director, Charter Communications, Inc., USA; Dr Ahmed Samir, Data Science Senior Manager, Vodafone;Prof. Magdy Abo el Ela, Computer and Informa- tion Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; Prof. Nevine Makram, Chair of Computer and Information Systems Department, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences; and Prof. Amal Elsayed Aboutabl, Professor, Computer Science Department, and Vice Dean for Community Service and Environmental Development, Helwan University. A lot of researches were submitted in various advanced technology areas, and 37 researches were reviewed and accepted by the committee members to be presented and published. There were four technical sessions in total, and talks on academic and industrial sector were focused on both the days as follows: • Cloud Security and DT Applications • Big Data and AI in Digital Transformation • Digital Transformation in Business • AI and IoT in Health Care On behalf of the conference chairs and editors, we owe a special thanks to Prof. Inas Ezz, Acting President, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, for her support and participation, and we also thank Senator Hayam Farouk, Member, Egyptian Senate, for her speech; many thanks to all the keynote speakers, researchers and attendees of this conference, wishing to see you soon in ITAF 2021. New Cairo, Egypt Associate Professor Dalia A. Magdi Conference Chair and Editor Contents Cloud-Securiy and DT Applications Gravitational Energy; Aerospace’s Future Technology ................ 3 Hussam Elbehiery and Khaled Elbehiery Entropy Detection-Based Spectrum Sensing in Frequency Domain Under Noise Uncertainty for Cognitive Radios Networks .............. 29 Mona