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The Dayton Accords and the Escalating Tensions in Kosovo
Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 68 THE DAYTON ACCORDS AND THE ESCALATING TENSIONS IN KOSOVO By Christopher Carson Abstract his paper argues that the Dayton Accords, which ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were the primary cause of the outbreak of violence in Kosovo in 1998. While the Accords were regarded as successful in neighboring Bosnia, the agreement failed to mention the Texisting situation in Kosovo, thus perpetuating the ethnic tensions within the region. Following the Dayton Accords, the response by the international community failed to address many concerns of the ethnically Albanian population living in Kosovo, creating a feeling of alienation from the international political scene. Finally, the Dayton Accords indirectly contributed to the collapse of the Albanian government in 1997, creating a shift in the structure of power in the region. This destabilization triggered the outbreak of war between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo the following year. The Dayton Accords 69 I. Introduction For many years, the territory of Kosovo functioned as an autonomous region within the state of Yugoslavia. During that time, Kosovo was the only Albanian-speaking territory within Yugoslavia, having been home to a significant Albanian population since its creation. The region also had a very important meaning for the Serb community, as it was the site of the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, which defined Serbian nationalism when Serbian forces were defeated by the Ottoman Empire. In the 1980s, tensions began to arise between the two communities, initially resulting in protests against the centralized government in Belgrade and arrests of Albanian Kosovars. Under the presidency of Slobodan Milošević, these ethnic tensions intensified both in Kosovo and elsewhere in Yugoslavia. -
Sb ¡20)0 Conseil De L’Europe ^ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ COE273160 ★ ★ ★★ ★
io') Council of Europe Sb ¡20)0 Conseil de l’Europe ^ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ COE273160 ★ ★ ★★ ★ Strasbourg, 21 June 1996 Restricted Ì <s:\cdISdoc496)NcdI\54.pdg> CDL (96) 54 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1995 l "Sii :- ''ferfai 'ACCORDANCE' WITH "sEC,n6NS^lI6C(ìi';AND 5023(b)\OF THE * -.' -0 'Ä. FOREIGN' ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961. AS AMENDED ;•;■ > -V -'•■'ir'-• ; • Î.V.Î-. -:-Ад '•-A.- *.V4 '; : * . * * • *Л • \ »...ísV . .... -V? »V...... > r ' i-m ••. - / •* к .. Iя»»- • •- 'c' *•* ■ •' .4..• * •**,: •*» «' - *.< • •• - • *. • ‘,:1. *.i . _ _ ____ . 2. ............ •.»» i• A.* .d-«kis »M4* . •* ,'•» Y^. T-Vr.Î-Æ4/0Âîi^:UvVi?;»^^4"£:^>«^^ -№'i- ' j: • ’^"Rrintea'f for".tiie:.’use ;of fheixCönïmitfcees; òn *Inter2atio¿ál';,'.Re.Iatíona ¿?r »«£:• ‘i^Eouse. of. Reàresèntànves. 'ani:- Foreign ^Relations •• of. the .U.S.; Senaiijire-J^ ,-. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA The Republic of Bosnia ana Herzegovina was formed from one of six constituent republics of the^ former Yugoslavia. Citizens endorsed independence in a 1992 ref erendum. President Alija Izetbegovic heads the multiethnic collective presidency of a parliamentary democratic government elected in 1990. Within days'of independ ence, Serbian nationalist militias, supported by elements of the former Yugoslav na tional army (JNA), launched attacks throughout northern and eastern Bosnia, and Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) leader Radovan Karadzic declared the establish ment of the “Republika Sroska ” or “Serb Republic.” Seventy percent of the Bosnian Republic remained under Serbian occupation until the Bosnian government and Croatian offensives in August. During 4 years of war an estimated 263,000 people were killed, and two-thirds of the country's prewar pop ulation of 4 Vi million was uprooted and dispersed as either refugees or displaced persons. -
Worlds Apart: Bosnian Lessons for Global Security
Worlds Apart Swanee Hunt Worlds Apart Bosnian Lessons for GLoBaL security Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. To my partners c harLes ansBacher: “Of course you can.” and VaLerie GiLLen: “Of course we can.” and Mirsad JaceVic: “Of course you must.” Contents Author’s Note xi Map of Yugoslavia xii Prologue xiii Acknowledgments xix Context xxi Part i: War Section 1: Officialdom 3 1. insiDe: “Esteemed Mr. Carrington” 3 2. outsiDe: A Convenient Euphemism 4 3. insiDe: Angels and Animals 8 4. outsiDe: Carter and Conscience 10 5. insiDe: “If I Left, Everyone Would Flee” 12 6. outsiDe: None of Our Business 15 7. insiDe: Silajdžić 17 8. outsiDe: Unintended Consequences 18 9. insiDe: The Bread Factory 19 10. outsiDe: Elegant Tables 21 Section 2: Victims or Agents? 24 11. insiDe: The Unspeakable 24 12. outsiDe: The Politics of Rape 26 13. insiDe: An Unlikely Soldier 28 14. outsiDe: Happy Fourth of July 30 15. insiDe: Women on the Side 33 16. outsiDe: Contact Sport 35 Section 3: Deadly Stereotypes 37 17. insiDe: An Artificial War 37 18. outsiDe: Clashes 38 19. insiDe: Crossing the Fault Line 39 20. outsiDe: “The Truth about Goražde” 41 21. insiDe: Loyal 43 22. outsiDe: Pentagon Sympathies 46 23. insiDe: Family Friends 48 24. outsiDe: Extremists 50 Section 4: Fissures and Connections 55 25. -
The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: a Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power by Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 15 The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power by Christopher J. Lamb, with Sarah Arkin and Sally Scudder Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the unified com- batant commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: President Bill Clinton addressing Croat-Muslim Federation Peace Agreement signing ceremony in the Old Executive Office Building, March 18, 1994 (William J. Clinton Presidential Library) The Bosnian Train and Equip Program The Bosnian Train and Equip Program: A Lesson in Interagency Integration of Hard and Soft Power By Christopher J. Lamb with Sarah Arkin and Sally Scudder Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 15 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. March 2014 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Gendering the 1991-95 Bosnian Peace Process: Current Research and Future Directions
Gendering the 1991-95 Bosnian Peace Process: Current Research and Future Directions Working Papers in Gender and Institutional Change, No. 5 December 2016 Laura McLeod University of Manchester [email protected] PublishedAbstract by the ERC funded project: ‘Understanding Institutional Change: A gender perspective’ www.manchester.ac.uk/uicAbstract @UICGENDER Funders Funders This Working Paper is based on research supported by the European Research Council (ERC) who provided financial support under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 295576-UIC for the project “Understanding Institutional Change: A Gender Perspective.” Page | 2 Abstract This working paper maps the possibilities for developing a gender perspective of the peace process that took place in BiH between 1991 and 1995. By synthesising the existing literature (which broadly speaking does not have a gender perspective) the working paper identifies where further research and analysis could provide a gendered perspective on the peace process in BiH. This task is a challenging one, not least because it is not an “obvious” case study, given that the oft-repeated narrative in BiH is that women were not involved. The working paper largely proceeds in a chronological order, and is divided into three parts. Part One begins with an overview of the peace processes that took place before the bulk of the diplomatic work on Dayton started. Part Two focuses on the run up to the Dayton negotiations, as well as the negotiations themselves and giving a feminist analysis of the peace agreement (known as the General Framework Agreement). Both Part One and Part Two end with suggestions for more research to develop a gender perspective on the peace negotiation process. -
Never Again: International Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina1
Never again: 1 International intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina July 2017 David Harland2 1 This study is one of a series commissioned as part of an ongoing UK Government Stabilisation Unit project relating to elite bargains and political deals. The project is exploring how national and international interventions have and have not been effective in fostering and sustaining political deals and elite bargains; and whether or not these political deals and elite bargains have helped reduce violence, increased local, regional and national stability and contributed to the strengthening of the relevant political settlement. This is a 'working paper' and the views contained within do not necessarily represent those of HMG. 2 Dr David Harland is Executive Director of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. He served as a witness for the Prosecution at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the cases of The Prosecutor versus Slobodan Milošević, The Prosecutor versus Radovan Karadžić, The Prosecutor versus Ratko Mladić, and others. Executive summary The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the most violent of the conflicts which accompanied the break- up of Yugoslavia, and this paper explores international engagement with that war, including the process that led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Sarajevo and Srebrenica remain iconic symbols of international failure to prevent and end violent conflict, even in a small country in Europe. They are seen as monuments to the "humiliation" of Europe and the UN and the -
The Bosnian War Crimes Chamber: a Successfully Domestic Hybrid Tribunal
31 THE BOSNIAN WAR CRIMES CHAmbER: A SUCCESSFULLY DOMESTIC HYBRID TRIBUNAL Matteo Godi The Bosnian War Crimes Chamber (BWCC), a locally owned tribunal, holds promise to facilitate reconciliation in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) through the individualization of guilt. The establishment of the BWCC in January 2005 marked a significant step toward establishing rule of law principles in BiH. While Bosnian courts were trying cases immediately after the Dayton Agreement had been signed, international and national concerns arose over the trials’ fairness and effectiveness. The BWCC, an offspring of the International Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), was aimed at addressing these concerns, but has not been free from criticisms. This paper will challenge two of the main critiques advanced against the BWCC—namely, that of being Serb-biased and that of being counterproductive to reconciliation. While the Chamber’s poor outreach efforts have thus far proven counterproductive in making this process effective, targeting individual wrongdoers rather than ethnic groups can potentially avoid the dangerous generalization of guilt that inexorably fuels ethnic division, which was the cause of the Bosnian war in the first place. INTRODUCTION Ten years after the signing of the Dayton Agreement, following international criminal trials by the International Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and ineffective domestic prosecutions, the Bosnian War Crimes Chamber (BWCC) was created by a joint effort of the Office of the High Representative (OHR) of Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) and the ICTY. The BWCC, a hybrid court, was meant to address some of the problems of the domestic judiciary in prosecuting war crimes— among them, its partiality and inability to protect itself from political influence. -
Bosna I Hercegovina Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine Kanton 10 Opština Drvar Opštinski Razvojni Tim
Bosna i Hercegovina Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Kanton 10 Opština Drvar Opštinski razvojni tim STRATEGIJA RAZVOJA OPŠTINE DRVAR za period 2016 – 2020. godina Decembar, 2015. S A D R Ž A J SADRŽAJ 2 POPIS KORIŠTENIH SKRAĆENICA 4 UVOD 6 METODOLOGIJA IZRADE STRATEGIJE RAZVOJA 8 SOCIO EKONOMSKA ANALIZA OPŠTINE DRVAR 10 1. Geografski položaj i prirodne karakteristike 10 1.1. Ključne istorijske činjenice 10 1.2. Geografsko-komunikacijske karakteristike, prirodne odlike i resursi područja 10 2. Demografske karakteristike i kretanja 12 2.1. Ukupan broj stanovnika 12 2.2. Struktura stanovništva 13 2.3. Prostorni raspored stanovništva 14 2.4. Prirodni priraštaj stanovništva 15 2.5. Migracije stanovništva 15 3. Pregled stanja i kretanja u lokalnoj ekonomiji 19 3.1. Broj i struktura preduzeća (po granama, po veličini) i 19 poreduzetničkih radnji 3.2. Kretanje ukupnih prihoda i rashoda, te prosječne plate po 23 granama djelatnosti 3.3. Spoljnotrgovinska razmjena i najznačajniji izvozni proizvodi i preduzeća 24 3.4. Veće investicije u privredi/gospodarstvu 26 3.5. Turistički potencijali i turistička infrastruktura 27 3.6. Poljoprivredni potencijali i proizvodi 28 4. Pregled stanja i kretanja na tržištu rada 33 4.1. Zaposleni (broj, polna, obrazovna i starosna struktura, udio u javnom i 33 privatnom sektoru, po granama, prema veličini poduzeća itd.) 4.2. Nezaposleni (broj, polna, obrazovna i starosna struktura, dužina čekanja itd.) 34 4.3. Penzioneri 36 5. Pregled stanja i kretanja u oblasti društvenog razvoja 37 5.1. Obrazovanje 37 5.2. Kultura i sport 41 5.3. Zdravstvena i socijalna zaštita 43 5.4. Stanovanje 46 5.5. -
1 Title: Support to Local and Regional Development In
1 TITLE: SUPPORT TO LOCAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Abstract: the abstract for paper no. 57 NAME: JASMINA OSMANAGIĆ, PHD Faculty of Economics, Sarajevo 71000 Sarajevo Phone: +387 33 27 59 19 E-mail: [email protected] Mirko Pejanović, PhD FPN University of Sarajevo 71000 Sarajevo Tel: 387 61 29 58 59 Klelija Balta UNDP 71000 Sarajevo Tel: 387 61 10 42 20 2 SUPPORT TO LOCAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOSNIA AND ABSTRACT The paper is a review European Commission support for local and regional development in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1999 to 2006. In focus are The Quick Impact Facility Project Phase I (QIF 1) 1999-2002, European Union- Quick Impact Facility Project Phase II (EUQIF II) 2002-2004, European Union support for Regional Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina Phase I (EU RED I) 2004-2005 and Europe Union support for Regional Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina Phase II (EU RED II) 2005-2007). The paper contents background information, previous assistance, other related programmes, European Commission funded projects, non European Commission funded projects, definition on participants, target groups or beneficiaries, employed domicile populations, start situation, objectives, scope of work, methodology and approach, transparency, visibility, expected outputs and indicators, funds or budget, reporting, monitoring and evaluation. The paper presents knowledge transfer about local and regional theories and policies from experts European Commission to local experts. The paper shows funds. (Regional Development in Tuzla 1.2 Million Euro, Regional Development in Brcko 1.0 Million Euro, Mostar Economic Development 500.000 Euro, Sarajevo Economic Region 200.000 Euro, Quick Impact Facility 5.5 Million Euro, Foreign 3 Investment Promotion 1.0 Million Euro, European Fund 55 Million Euro, specific activities 3,200.000 Euro and Project Fund 3,800.000 Euro, EUQIF II about 3 Million Euro, etc) and benefits for EU and B&H. -
Konačna Rang Lista Potencijalnih Korisnika Opština Bosansko Grahovo
JAVNI POZIV 2019. FMROI - KONAČNA RANG LISTA POTENCIJALNIH KORISNIKA OPŠTINA BOSANSKO GRAHOVO Adresa sanacije Broj Rbr Prezime i ime Sadašnja adresa bodova Marinković (Radoslav) G. Principa bb, B. Grahovo 1. 220 Zvezdan G. Principa bb, B. Grahovo H. Abdičevića 19, B.Grahovo 2. Galić (Mile) Marko 190 H. Abdičevića 19, B.Grahovo Kesići bb, B. Grahovo 3. Damjanović (Ilija) Milica 180 Kesići bb, B. Grahovo Novo Naselje bb, B. Grahovo 4. Pavlović (Rade) Slavojka 170 Novo Naselje bb, B. Grahovo Pečenci bb, B. Grahovo 5. Prijić (Milenko) Slobodan 170 Pečenci bb, B. grahovo Resanovci bb, B. Grahovo 6. Lukač (Željko) Gojko 160 Resanovci bb, B. Grahovo Kesići bb, B. Grahovo 7. Damjanović (Mile) Želemir 160 Kesići bb, B. Grahovo Jaruga bb, B. Grahovo 8. Ivetić (Vaso) Brigite 160 Živojina Ćuluma 26, Zemun Dalmatinska bb, B. Grahovo 9. Kovačević (Dušan) Dragiša 150 Novo Naselje bb, B. Grahovo Braće Bajić 6, B. Grahovo 10. Maljković (Stevan) Ilija Braće Bajić 6, B. Grahovo 150 Pečenci bb, B. Grahovo 11. Arežina (Dušan) Jovo 150 Pečenci bb, B. Grahovo Ugarci bb, B. Grahovo 12. Lošić (Marko) Aleksandar 150 Ugarci bb, B. Grahovo JAVNI POZIV 2019. FMROI - KONAČNA RANG LISTA POTENCIJALNIH KORISNIKA OPŠTINA BOSANSKO GRAHOVO Livanjski put bb, B. Grahovo 13. Bašić (Uroš) Višnjica 150 Ugarci bb, B. Grahovo Pečenci bb, B. Grahovo 14. Momić (Todor) Milan 150 Pečenci bb, B. Grahovo Donji Tiškovac bb, B. Grahovo 15. Borovnica (Mile) Dragan 150 Donji Tiškovac bb, B. Grahovo Kninski Put bb, B. Grahovo 16. Reljić (Stevan) Mara 150 Kninski Put bb, B. Grahovo Tičevo bb, B. Grahovo 17. -
AFTER DAYTON: Lessons of the Bosnian Peace Process
AFTER DAYTON: Lessons of the Bosnian Peace Process A Council Symposium COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS AFTER DAYTON: Lessons of the Bosnian Peace Process A Council Symposium Ruth Wedgwood, Editor The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., a nonprofit, nonpartisan national organization and think tank founded in 1921, is dedicated to promoting understanding of international affairs through free and civil exchange of ideas. The Council's members are dedicated to the belief that America's peace and prosperity are firmly linked to that of the world. From this flows the Council's mission: to foster America's understanding of other nations—their peo- ples, cultures, histories, hopes, quarrels, and ambitions—and thus to serve our nation through study and debate, private and public. From time to time books, reports, and papers written by members of the Council's research staff or others are published as a "Council on Foreign Relations Publication." THE COUNCIL TAKES NO INSTITUTIONAL POSITION ON POLICY ISSUES AND HAS NO AFFILIATION WITH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. ALL STATEMENTS OF FACT AND EXPRESSIONS OF OPINION CONTAINED IN ALL ITS PUBLICATIONS ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS. For further information on Council publications, please write the Council on Foreign Relations, 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, or call the Director of Communications at (212) 434-9400. Or visit our website at www.cfr.org. Copyright © 1999 by the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
The Social Impacts of Emigration
On behalf of the European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe Final Country Report Bosnia and Herzegovina April 2012 Authors: Zehra Kačapor-Džihić Nermin Oruč Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this publication. Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe VT/2010/001 Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................. 4 1. Socio-Economic and Political Overview ..................................................................... 5 2. Main emigration and internal migration trends and patterns ....................................... 6 2.1. Main emigration trends ............................................................................................ 6 2.1.1. Conflict-induced emigration in the period 1992-1995 ........................................... 7 2.1.2. Post-war return migration ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.3. Voluntary migration of the 21st Century ................................................................ 7 2.1.4. Data on the stock of migrants and main destinations ........................................... 8 2.2. Main internal migration trends................................................................................