8th Notes: Chapter 2.3 New York • were Dutch controlled land between England’s northern (New England) and southern (Virginia and Maryland) colonies. • Main settlement of New Netherlands was New Amsterdam, on Manhattan Island. Became a center of shipping from the Americas. o Had a good seaport access. o Hudson River provided a good link to rich land of farms, forests, and furs. • Dutch West India Company controlled New Netherland. o Offered land grants people who brought 50 settlers. Theses land owners were called Patroons. • England attacked New Netherland in 1664, because of its success and population. • Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered New Netherland without a fight. • King Charles gave New Netherland to his brother, Duke of York. o Renamed the colony to “New York.” o New York was a proprietary colony which meant a proprietor owned all the land and controlled all the government. o In 1691, English government allowed citizens to elect their legislature. • New York was divided into two colonies: New York and New . Both colonies had diverse populations of ethnic groups. (Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American people). • The first Jews also settled here and practiced their Jewish religion.

Peter Stuyvesant  Son of a Calvinist minister  Worked for the Dutch West India Company governing Dutch settlements  Governor of New Netherlands

New Jersey • Duke of York divided his colony. Gave the other half to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. They named the colony . • The proprietors offered large tracts of land and promised religious freedom of religion, trial by jury, and a representative assembly to settlers. • New Jersey had many diverse settlers from many different ethnic groups. • New Jersey had NO natural harbors. Proprietors make few profits. • Eventually, the colony sold and became a royal colony by 1702, but colonists still make local laws. 8th Notes: Chapter 2.3 The • The Middle Colonies included the middle region of the thirteen original North American colonies. After the American Revolution, the Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, , New York, and Delaware. • After William Penn received his charter from King Charles II, many Quakers set sail for Pennsylvania to escape persecution in England. • Rich farmland lured other immigrants to the Middle Colonies. These colonists produced important agriculture exports.

Pennsylvania and Delaware • Pennsylvania was founded in 1680 by a Quaker named William Penn. They were a Protestant group that had been persecuted. • Penn received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed his father. • He wanted the colony to follow the Quaker ideals of equality and peacefulness. • Quakers were pacifists. • Penn wrote the first Constitution for Pennsylvania. • Penn sailed in 1682 to America to supervise the building of Philadelphia “the city of brotherly love.” • Penn negotiated several treaties with the Native Americans. • Penn wrote an advertisement to attracted people to Pennsylvania. In 1683, more than 3000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers. o 1700 – population 21,000 • In 1701, The Charter of Privileges granted Pennsylvania colonists the right to elect legislative representatives. • Southern Pennsylvania became the colony of Delaware. Delaware was under Pennsylv ania’s authority but had its own legislature. Delaware remained under the authority of Pennsylvania’s governor.