8th Notes: Chapter 2.3 New York • New Netherland were Dutch controlled land between England’s northern (New England) and southern (Virginia and Maryland) colonies. • Main settlement of New Netherlands was New Amsterdam, on Manhattan Island. Became a center of shipping from the Americas. o Had a good seaport access. o Hudson River provided a good link to rich land of farms, forests, and furs. • Dutch West India Company controlled New Netherland. o Offered land grants people who brought 50 settlers. Theses land owners were called Patroons. • England attacked New Netherland in 1664, because of its success and population. • Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered New Netherland without a fight. • King Charles gave New Netherland to his brother, Duke of York. o Renamed the colony to “New York.” o New York was a proprietary colony which meant a proprietor owned all the land and controlled all the government. o In 1691, English government allowed citizens to elect their legislature. • New York was divided into two colonies: New York and New Jersey. Both colonies had diverse populations of ethnic groups. (Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American people). • The first Jews also settled here and practiced their Jewish religion. Peter Stuyvesant Son of a Calvinist minister Worked for the Dutch West India Company governing Dutch settlements Governor of New Netherlands New Jersey • Duke of York divided his colony. Gave the other half to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. They named the colony New Jersey. • The proprietors offered large tracts of land and promised religious freedom of religion, trial by jury, and a representative assembly to settlers. • New Jersey had many diverse settlers from many different ethnic groups. • New Jersey had NO natural harbors. Proprietors make few profits. • Eventually, the colony sold and became a royal colony by 1702, but colonists still make local laws. 8th Notes: Chapter 2.3 The Middle Colonies • The Middle Colonies included the middle region of the thirteen original North American colonies. After the American Revolution, the Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Delaware. • After William Penn received his charter from King Charles II, many Quakers set sail for Pennsylvania to escape persecution in England. • Rich farmland lured other immigrants to the Middle Colonies. These colonists produced important agriculture exports. Pennsylvania and Delaware • Pennsylvania was founded in 1680 by a Quaker named William Penn. They were a Protestant group that had been persecuted. • Penn received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed his father. • He wanted the colony to follow the Quaker ideals of equality and peacefulness. • Quakers were pacifists. • Penn wrote the first Constitution for Pennsylvania. • Penn sailed in 1682 to America to supervise the building of Philadelphia “the city of brotherly love.” • Penn negotiated several treaties with the Native Americans. • Penn wrote an advertisement to attracted people to Pennsylvania. In 1683, more than 3000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers. o 1700 – population 21,000 • In 1701, The Charter of Privileges granted Pennsylvania colonists the right to elect legislative representatives. • Southern Pennsylvania became the colony of Delaware. Delaware was under Pennsylv ania’s authority but had its own legislature. Delaware remained under the authority of Pennsylvania’s governor. .