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Samuel Pepys, Honor, and Emergent Bureaucracy in Later Seventeenth Century England Michael Fitzhugh Washington University in St Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Summer 8-15-2018 Samuel Pepys, Honor, and Emergent Bureaucracy in Later Seventeenth Century England Michael Fitzhugh Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, European History Commons, and the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Fitzhugh, Michael, "Samuel Pepys, Honor, and Emergent Bureaucracy in Later Seventeenth Century England" (2018). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1621. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1621 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Arts and Sciences Department of History Dissertation Examination Committee Derek Hirst, Chair Peter Kastor, Co-chair Daniel Bornstein Alexandre Dube Steven Zwicker Samuel Pepys, Honor, and Emergent Bureaucracy in Later Seventeenth Century England by Michael L. Fitzhugh A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 St. Louis, Missouri © 2018, Michael L. Fitzhugh Table of Contents List of Tables. iv List of Abbreviations. v Acknowledgements. x ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION. xi Dates, Orthography, and Source Abbreviations.. xii Introduction. 1 Notes to Introduction. 12 Prologue: England, Honor and Trajectories.. 17 Notes to Prologue.. 46 Chapter 2: Pepys as Servant.. 101 Notes to Chapter 2. 138 Chapter 3: Pepys as Master. 155 Notes to Chapter 3. 199 Chapter 4: Pepys's Administrative Valor.. 217 Notes to Chapter 4. 248 Chapter 5: Documentary Honor.. 256 Notes to Chapter 5. 282 Chapter 6: Honor in the Bureaucracy.. 288 Notes to Chapter 6. 312 Conclusion. 321 Notes to Conclusion.. 344 Appendix A: Women's Honor. 352 Notes to Appendix A. 358 Appendix B: European and English Parallels. 361 Notes to Appendix B. 380 Appendix C: Problematic Patriarchalism and the Paternalistic Fallacy.. 401 Notes to Appendix C. 411 Appendix D: Theoretical Rationale. 416 ii Notes to Appendix D. 420 Appendix E: An Internship in Honor.. 423 Notes to Appendix E. 428 iii List of Tables Table 1: Warren. 231 Table 2: Middleton.. 271 iv List of Abbreviations Abbreviations for primary-source author names: AD Anthony Deane BSM Balthasar St. Michel SA Samuel Atkins SP Samuel Pepys WC William Coventry WH William Hewer Abbreviations for other cited sources: ADM Manuscript material from the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth (UK). AO J. C. Sainty, Admiralty Officials, 1660-1870 (London: Athlone Press, 1975). Citations are given without page numbers because the careers of relevant persons, including dates and titles of all appointments, may be located s.v. in the Alphabetical List of Officials at the back of the volume (106-159). BHJ Brooke House Journal, an extended journal kept by Pepys and published in Samuel Pepys and the Second Dutch War: Pepys’s Navy White Book and Brooke House Papers, ed. Robert Latham (Aldershot, UK: Published by Scolar Press for the Navy Records Society, 1995). BHP Brooke House Papers, a collection of papers created by Pepys for defense against the Brooke House Commission and published in Samuel Pepys and the Second Dutch War: Pepys’s Navy White Book and Brooke House Papers, ed. Robert Latham (Aldershot, UK: Published by Scolar Press for the Navy Records Society, 1995). v BPMA 94/15 Manuscript material from the British Postal Museum and Archive, Letter Book, Postmaster and Packet Agents, England, 1673-1675, Post 94/15. Bryant (followed Arthur Bryant, Samuel Pepys (New York: Macmillan), comprising three by volume volumes: 1, The Man in the Making, 2, The Years of Peril, and 3, The number) Saviour of the Navy (1939). In this dissertation the first edition of the first two volumes has been used (1933 and 1935), but for vol. 3 the second edition has been employed (London, UK: Panther, 1949). Cat. (followed J. R. Tanner, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Naval Manuscripts in the by volume Pepysian Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge (London: Navy number) Records Society), volumes 1 and 2 published in 1903, volumes 3 and 4 respectively in 1909 and 1923. Cromwell's Earl Richard Lawrence Ollard, Cromwell’s Earl: A Life of Edward Mountagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (London: HarperCollins, 1994). CSPD Mary Anne Everett Green, Francis Henry Blackburne Daniell, and Francis Bickley, eds., Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 28 vols. (London: Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts, 1860-1939). Cited according to item's date. Diary (followed Robert Latham, William Matthews, and William A. Armstrong, eds., The by date and Diary of Samuel Pepys, 11 vols. (Berkeley: University of California Press, volume number) 1970). No page numbers are given for citations to vol. 10, the Companion, or vol. 11, the Index, because their subject entries may be located alphabetically. DNB H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison, eds., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000 (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004). Following standard convention, no volume or page numbers are given; subject entries may be located alphabetically. DoC (followed Anchitell Grey, ed., Debates of the House of Commons from the Year 1667 by date of event, to the Year 1694, 10 vols., (London: D. Henry and R. Cave and J. volume number Emonson, 1763). and page number) Family The Letters of Samuel Pepys and His Family Circle, ed. Helen Truesdell Heath (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955). vi FC Further Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, 1662-1679: From the Family Papers in the Possession of J. Pepys Cockerell, ed. J. R. Tanner (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1929). HoC (followed House of Commons. These are volumes from History of Parliament by volume (London: Secker & Warburg). Most relevant citations will be to Basil number) Duke Henning, ed., The House of Commons, 1660-1690 (1983), vol. 2. Citation of these volumes follows same convention as DNB: no page numbers are given because subject's biographical entry may be located alphabetically. Howarth Letters and the Second Diary of Samuel Pepys, ed. R. G. Howarth (London: J. M. Dent and sons, 1932). HMC Volumes published by the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. James Mervyn James, Society, Politics, and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986). JoC (followed Journals of the House of Commons (n.p. [UK]: printed by order of the by date of event, House of Commons, 1803). volume number and page number) King's Bench King's Bench Journal, a journal published in Pepys’s Later Diaries, ed. C. S. Knighton (Stroud: Sutton, 2004). Knighton C. S. Knighton, Pepys and the Navy (Stroud: Sutton, UK, 2003). Mountagu F. R. Harris, The Life of Edward Mountagu, K.G., First Earl of Sandwich (1625-1672), 2 vols. (London: J. Murray, 1912). NB J. M. Collinge, Navy Board Officials, 1660-1832 (London: University of London, Institute of Historical Research, 1978). Citations are given without page numbers because the careers of relevant persons, including dates and titles of all appointments, may be located s.v. in the Alphabetical List of Officials at the back of the volume (81-152). NM Samuel Pepys’s Naval Minutes, ed. J. R Tanner (London: Navy Records Society, 1926). vii NMM Manuscript material from the Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum (UK). NWB Navy White Book, an extended journal kept by Pepys and published in Samuel Pepys and the Second Dutch War: Pepys’s Navy White Book and Brooke House Papers, ed. Robert Latham (Aldershot, England: Published by Scolar Press for the Navy Records Society, 1995). PC (followed by Private Correspondence and Miscellaneous Papers of Samuel Pepys, volume number) 1679-1703, ed. J. R. Tanner, 2 vols., (London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1926). Pepysiana Henry B. Wheatley, Diary: Pepysiana, or Additional Notes on the Particulars of Pepy’s Life and on Some Passages in the Diary (London: Bell, 1899). PL Manuscript material from the Pepys Library at Magdelene College, Cambridge (UK). PRO Manuscript material from the National Archives at Kew (UK). I have opted to use the older abbrevation from the Public Record Office days rather than "NA" because of this study's naval setting. All other abbreviations beginning with "N" indicate a specifically naval archive or source, and given the context of the material it would be easy for readers to assume that manuscripts preceded by "NA" do too. Proceedings Proceedings With James and Harris, a journal published in Pepys’s Later Diaries, ed. C. S. Knighton (Stroud: Sutton, 2004). Rawl. Manuscript material from the Rawlinson collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford (UK). SC Diary of the Special Commission, a journal published in Pepys’s Later Diaries, ed. C. S. Knighton (Stroud: Sutton, 2004). SL Shorthand Letters of Samuel Pepys, from a Volume Entitled S. Pepys’ Official Correspondence, 1662-1679, ed. E. Chappell (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press, 1933). Smith (followed Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., by volume and Secretary to the Admiralty in the Reigns of Charles II and James II, ed. page numbers) John Smith, 2 vols., (London: R. Bentley, 1841). viii Tomalin Claire Tomalin, Samuel Pepys: The Unequalled Self (London: Viking, 2002). TP Samuel Pepys, The Tangier Papers of Samuel Pepys, ed. E. Chappell (London: Printed for the Navy Records Society, 1935). ix Acknowledgements I am grateful to the Department of History at Washington University in St. Louis for a fondly remembered, highly stimulating graduate-school environment and especially to Derek Hirst for more patience than any student has a right to expect.
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