MATERIE Ti Myter Om Israel 120218.Indd 1 12/02/2018 13:47 MATERIE Ti Myter Om Israel 120218.Indd 2 12/02/2018 13:47 I L a N P a P P E Ti Myter Om Israel

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MATERIE Ti Myter Om Israel 120218.Indd 1 12/02/2018 13:47 MATERIE Ti Myter Om Israel 120218.Indd 2 12/02/2018 13:47 I L a N P a P P E Ti Myter Om Israel TI MYTER OM ISRAEL MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 1 12/02/2018 13:47 MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 2 12/02/2018 13:47 ILAN PAPPE ti myter om israel oversatt fra engelsk av jarle petterson med etterord av jørgen jensehaugen solum|bokvennen 2018 MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 3 12/02/2018 13:47 © ilan pappe, 2017 © solum forlag, 2018 originalens tittel: ten myths about israel (verso, 2017) printed in latvia by livonia print, riga 2018 sats og omslagsdesign: tore holberg isbn 978-82-560-2013-3 www.solumbokvennen.no [email protected] MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 4 12/02/2018 13:47 Innhold Kart | 7 Forord | 9 DEL I. FORTIDENS FEILSLUTNINGER 1. Palestina var et folketomt land | 19 2. Jødene var et folk uten land | 29 3. Sionisme er jødedom | 47 4. Sionisme er ikke kolonialisme | 71 5. Palestinerne forlot hjemlandet frivillig i 1948 | 83 6. Seksdagerskrigen i 1967 var en «ufrivillig krig» | 107 DEL II. NÅTIDENS FEILSLUTNINGER 7. Israel er det eneste demokratiet i Midtøsten | 129 8. Oslo-mytene | 145 9. Gaza-mytene | 165 MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 5 12/02/2018 13:47 DEL III. VEIEN VIDERE 10. Tostatsløsningen er den eneste veien videre | 205 Konklusjon: Bosetter-kolonistaten Israel i det 21. århundre | 211 t e Tidslinje | 215 v a h l e d Etterord ved Jørgen Jensehaugen | 221 i d M Register | 233 MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 6 12/02/2018 13:47 Damaskus ISRAELSKE BOSETNINGER LIBANON PÅ VEST-BREDDEN SYRIA Akko Genesaret- Haifa Galilea sjøen t e v Nasaret a h l e d i d M Tulkarm Nablus Taybeh Qalqilya Tel Avivi Jaffa Vestbredden Amman Jordanelven Ramallah Jerusalem Silwan Gaza Hebron Gazastripen Dødehavet Khan Yunis STATEN ISRAEL JORDAN EGYPT Naqab-Negev SINAI Palestinske territorier, i realiteten annektert av bosettere, med mur Arealer som gjenstår for den palestinske stat 0 20 40 60 kilometer Israels mur («Antiterrorgjerdet») 0 10 20 30 40 engelsk mil MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 7 12/02/2018 13:47 MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 8 12/02/2018 13:47 Forord Historien ligger til grunn for enhver konflikt. En sann- ferdig og uhildet forståelse av fortiden, åpner for en mulig fred. Forfalskning eller manipulering av historien, på den annen side, får katastrofale følger. Som tilfellet er med den israelsk- palestinske konflikten, kan historisk desinformasjon, selv forbundet med senere års historie, gjøre voldsom skade. Denne overlagte mis- forståelsen av historien, kan fremme undertrykkelse, og beskytte et kolonist- og okkupasjonsregime. Derfor burde det ikke over- raske at desinformasjons- og forfalsknings-strategier pågår den dag i dag, og spiller en avgjørende rolle i enhver forlengelse av konflikten, som levner svært lite håp for fremtiden. Oppkonstruerte feilslutninger, om israelsk og palestinsk fortid og nåtid, hindrer at vi forstår utspringet til konflikten. Samtidig arbeider den vedvarende manipuleringen av fakta mot interessene til dem som er blitt ofre for den pågående blodsutgytelsen. Hva må gjøres? — 9 — MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 9 12/02/2018 13:47 Ti myter om Israel Den sionistiske beretningen om hvordan de omstridte land- områdene ble til staten Israel, er bygget på et knippe myter, som umerkelig sår tvil om palestinernes rett til landet. Vestens tradisjonelle medier og politiske eliter tar ofte disse mytene for god fisk, tillikemed rettferdiggjørelsen av Israels handlinger gjennom de rundt 60 siste årene. Som regel tjener den still- tiende aksepten av disse mytene, som forklaring på de vestlige myndighetenes uvilje mot nevneverdig innblanding i en kon- flikt som har pågått siden nasjonens fødsel. Denne boken trosser disse mytene, slik de fremstår, som ugjendrivelige fakta i offentlige ordskifter. Etter mitt syn, er disse påstandene forvrengninger og oppspinn, som kan – og må – imøtegås gjennom nærmere granskning av historiske nedtegnelser. Det som er en rød tråd gjennom denne boken, er sammenstillingen av utbredte antagelser og historiske realiteter. Ved å sette én og én myte opp mot sannheten, kommer hvert av kapitlene til å avdekke svakhetene ved de vedtatte sannhetene, ved hjelp av nærmere granskning av nyere historisk forskning. Boken dekker ti grunnleggende myter, eller knipper av myter, som er utbredte og gjenkjennelige for enhver som, på en eller annen måte, har involvert seg i Israel–Palestina-spørsmålet. Mytene og motargumentene følger en kronologisk rekkefølge. Det første kapittelet kartlegger Palestina, like før sionismen oppsto, mot slutten av 1800-tallet. Myten er at Palestina var et folketomt, ufruktbart, nesten ørkenaktig land, som ble dyrket av de nyankomne sionistene. Motargumentet viser, derimot, et allerede blomstrende samfunn, som gjennomgikk en hurtig- voksende moderniserings- og nasjonaliseringsprosess. Myten om at Palestina var et land uten folk, er nært for- bundet med den velkjente myten om folket uten land, som er — 10 — MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 10 12/02/2018 13:47 Forord tema for kapittel 2. Var jødene virkelig Palestinas urinnvånere, som fortjente enhver form for støtte til «returen» til sitt «hjem- land»? Myten insisterer på at jødene som ankom Israel i 1882, var etterkommere av jødene romerne forviste rundt år 70 evt. Motargumentet sår tvil om denne genealogiske forbindelsen. En ganske omfattende, vitenskapelig innsats, har vist at jødene i det romersk-okkuperte Palestina ble værende, for så å konvertere til kristendommen og, omsider, til islam. Hvem disse jødene var, forblir et åpent spørsmål. Kanskje khasarene, som konverterte til jødedommen i det niende århundre – eller kanskje rase- blandingen gjennom et helt årtusen, utelukker ethvert svar på slike spørsmål. Viktigere er det likevel at jeg i dette kapittelet hevder at kontakten mellom verdens jødiske felleskap og Pales- tina i før-sionistisk tid, var åndelig og religiøs, ikke politisk. Det å knytte jødenes retur til en statsdannelse, selv før sionismen var påtenkt, var et kristent prosjekt, like frem til 1500-tallet – der- etter et spesifikt protestantisk (særlig Den anglikanske kirken). I kapittel 3 ser vi nærmere på mytene som setter likhetstegn mellom sionisme og jødedom (slik at antisionisme bare kan oppfattes som antisemittisme). Jeg forsøker å imøtegå denne sidestillingen, ved hjelp av en historisk vurdering av jødiske holdninger til sionismen, og en analyse av den sionistiske manipuleringen av jødedommen, av koloniserings- og, senere, strategiske hensyn. Det fjerde kapittelet tar for seg påstandene om at det ikke foreligger noen forbindelse mellom kolonisering og sionisme. Ifølge myten er sionismen en liberal, nasjonal frigjørings- bevegelse, mens motargumentet betegner det som et koloni- serende prosjekt, nærmere bestemt som en bosetter-basert kolonimakt, ikke ulikt dem vi har sett i Sør-Afrika, Amerika og Australia. Det avgjørende ved denne imøtegåelsen, er at den speiler hvordan vi tenker om den palestinske motstanden mot — 11 — MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 11 12/02/2018 13:47 Ti myter om Israel sionismen og, senere, mot Israel. Dersom Israel utelukkende er et demokrati som forsvarer seg selv, følger det at de palestinske organene, som for eksempel PLO, er rene terrororganisasjoner. Skulle kampen deres derimot utkjempes mot et koloniserings- prosjekt, følger det logisk at de er en kolonifiendtlig bevegelse, og det internasjonale omdømmet vil endres radikalt, sammen- lignet med det Israel og landets støttespillere ønsker å formidle til verdensopinionen. I kapittel 5 vender vi tilbake til den velkjente mytologien rundt 1948, og tar spesielt sikte på å minne leserne om at påstandene om palestinernes frivillige flukt, er grundig til- bakevist av etablert historisk forskning. Andre myter forbun- det med begiven hetene i og rundt 1948, drøftes også i dette kapittelet. Det siste, historierelaterte, kapittelet, sår tvil om hvorvidt Seksdagerskrigen i 1967 ble påtvunget Israel, og dermed var en «ufrivillig krig». Jeg hevder at den inngikk i Israels ønske om å fullføre overtagelsen av Palestina, som hadde vært nær sin full- førelse i 1948-krigen. Planleggingen av okkupasjonen av Vest- bredden og Gazastripen, ble påbegynt alt i 1948, og ble ikke sluttført før anledningen bød seg, i og med en ubetenksom, egyptisk beslutning i juni 1967. Videre hevder jeg at israelsk politikk umiddelbart etter okkupasjonen, med all tydelighet viser at Israel forventet krigen, og at den ikke var noe de vaklet uforvarende inn i. Det sjuende kapittelet bringer oss til nåtiden. Er Israel en demokratisk stat, spør jeg, eller er den en udemokratisk enhet? Jeg argumenterer for det siste, gjennom å granske palestinernes status i Israel og de okkuperte landområdene (med til sammen opp mot halvparten av befolkningen under israelsk styre). Kapittel 8 tar for seg Oslo-prosessen. Nesten et kvart århun- dre etter at Oslo-avtalen ble undertegnet, har vi fått anledning — 12 — MATERIE Ti myter om Israel 120218.indd 12 12/02/2018 13:47 Forord til å danne oss et bedre bilde av feilslutningene forbundet med prosessen, og kan spørre hvorvidt det var en fredsavtale som slo feil, eller et vellykket israelsk knep, for å styrke okkupa sjonen. Vi kan nå bruke et tilsvarende perspektiv på Gazastripen, og den fortsatt utbredte myten at innbyggernes lidelser kan til- skrives Hamas’ tilbøyelighet til terror. I det niende kapittelet sier jeg meg uenig i den påstanden, og legger frem en annen fortolkning av hva som har foregått i Gaza siden det siste århundreskiftet. Endelig, i det tiende kapittelet, utfordrer jeg myten om at tostatsløsningen er den eneste farbare veien. Vi har vært velsig- net med fremragende arbeider fra aktivister og akademikere, som kritiserer denne oppskriften, og presenterer alternative løsninger. De utgjør en formidabel utfordring til denne siste myten. Boken inneholder også et vedlegg med en tidslinje, som kan hjelpe leseren til å sette argumentene inn i sin rette sammen- heng. Det er mitt håp at boken blir et nyttig verktøy for leseren, om han eller hun nå er en nybegynner på området eller en ringrev i faget. Den er hovedsakelig myntet på enhver som måtte befinne seg i diskusjon om det vedvarende komplekset Israel–Palestina.
Recommended publications
  • Israeli History "From Below" the Role of Children & Youth, Immigrants, Minorities and Professionals in the Shaping of a New Society 1948-1977
    Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism The Israel Studies International MA Program Spring Semester 2013 Israeli History "From Below" The Role of Children & Youth, Immigrants, Minorities and Professionals in the Shaping of a New Society 1948-1977 Thursday 13:00 – 16:30 Sede Boqer Campus Dr. Tali Tadmor-Shimoni Email: [email protected] Office hours: Sde-Boqer Campus, BGRI, Moran Building – Thursday 10:00-12:00 Dr. Paula Kabalo Email: [email protected] Phone: 08 659 6962 (office) Office hours: Sde Boqer Campus, BGRI, Moran Building – Thursday 10:00-12:00 Course Description and Objectives : This research seminar sheds light on the unheard voices of Israeli history. Individuals and groups that acted behind the scenes and shaped the Israeli cultural and social mosaic between 1948 – 1970s. At the center stage of the course, stand people with distinct class, cultural, ethnic, religion and generational characteristics. Throughout the course these people will serve as the voices of the new Israeli society, and their actions, challenges and struggles will provide an in depth understanding of Israel's social history. Amongst the groups and individuals that will be examined we can mention: immigrants, children and youth, Arab citizens, professionals from various fields that served as mediators between the state and its marginalized groups (educators, community activists and nurses ). Junctions in Israel's civic and constitutional history will be analyzed through the lens of these groups, such as – the struggle on the nature of the immigrants education, the Wadi Salib Riots, the students struggle against corruption, Al-Ard movement and the struggle for Arab rights of association, the first settlement actions in the Golan Heights and Gush-Etzion after 1967, grassroots political activism, in the radical left and right – Mazpen and the Jewish Defense League in Israel , the Israeli Black Panthers, the events and background the Land Day and more.
    [Show full text]
  • El Paso Del Ebro Oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    EL PASO DEL EBRO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Trimestral sobre el red OOOOOOOOOO La primera guerra mundial, la segunda guerra mundial, l'actual guerra colonial, la próxima guerra del imperialismo americano-sionista y el revisionismo histórico OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Numéro 20, otoño de 2006 y invierno de 2007 000000000000000000000 <elrevisionista at yahoo.com.ar> ooooooooooooooooooooooooo http://revurevi.net http://aaargh.com.mx ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo El argumento de los negadores del Holocausto proviene de un adagio muy conocido: "La historia la escriben los vencedores". Humberto Caspa (Diario La estrella. Texas) Los intelectuales sostienen que la "verdad del Estado" no es "la verdad histórica" SUMARIO El Holocausto, según Teherán, Ana Carbajosa Conferencia de Teherán : vease http://aaargh.com.mx/fran/livres7/teheran/teheran.html o http://revurevi.net La conferencia de Teherán y los Faurisson [1] proisraelíes, Bruno Guigue Faurisson enfrenta al aparato judicial francés a un nuevo desafío Otra historia del Holocausto, César Hildebrandt Holocausto a debate, Henri Tincq Conferencia sobre el Holocausto, Thomas Erdbrink Sale el sol: es de noche, por Manuel Rodríguez Rivero ARMH pide que ley Memoria pene el 'negacionismo' de los crímenes franquistas Los palestinos, víctimas del holocausto y del negacionismo, Miguel Ángel Llana La religión cristiana y la Conferencia iraní sobre el Holocausto Carta abierta al Papa Benedicto XVl, Paul Grubach El yugo de Sión, Israel Adán Shamir ENTRE VICTORIA Y
    [Show full text]
  • Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its Goal Has Always Been to Drive Them Out
    Israel has never intended to control the Stifling Surveillance: Palestinians: Its goal has always been to drive them out. However, during Israel’s Surveillance the Mandate era, as part of their effort and Control of the to disorganize the Palestinian society, Zionist organizations established various Palestinians during the surveillance bodies to examine and monitor Military Government Era various aspects of Palestinian society. These related to the demographic, religious, Ahmad H. Sa’di tribal, and hamula (extended family or clan) composition of the Palestinians, their spatial distribution, political behaviors, and military capabilities, as well as their resources, chiefly lands and water sources. These activities were part of an all-inclusive effort to establish a Jewish state against the will of the indigenous Arab population. Yet, when the 1948 war ended, Israel leaders found that, contrary to their expectations, a number of Palestinian communities, primarily in the Galilee, had eluded the ethnic cleansing conducted by Jewish forces. The incomplete character of the expulsion of the Palestinians subsequently became subject of much speculation and distortion.1 However, internal discussions among Israeli leaders indicate that the continued presence of these Palestinians within the state of Israel was unintentional and undesired.2 Although a system of political control which relied on the British Defense (Emergency) Regulations was imposed on the Palestinians and a military government to rule them was established already during the war, in addition to various ad hoc practices of surveillance, driving the Palestinians out continued to be Israel’s main objective.3 Although expulsion remained Israel’s favored goal – and various schemes to effect it were contrived during the 1950s and 1960s4 – as early as 1951 Israeli leaders [ 36 ] Stifling Surveillance began realizing that these Palestinians might stay longer than expected.
    [Show full text]
  • Portraying the Antagonist the Depiction of Zionism and Israel in a Syrian Education Textbook
    Lund University Center for Language and Literature Department of Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies ARAK01 – Arabic: Bachelor‟s Course – Thesis Supervisor: Maria Persson Portraying the Antagonist The depiction of Zionism and Israel in a Syrian Education Textbook By Johan Rosell 2 Abstract This bachelor thesis is a discourse analysis of a chapter about “the Arab-Zionist conflict” in a Syrian upper secondary school textbook in the subject of National Socialist Education. The purpose of the thesis is to examine if Zionism and Israel are described in an unbiased or biased way to Syrian students. The analysis is performed by examining contexts in which the words “Zionist”, “Israeli”, and “Jewish” are used, and if these contexts and the used terminology contribute to a biased and value- laden meaning. The thesis concludes that the words Zionist, Israeli, and Jewish are used in contexts that are value-laden and biased and that the contexts contribute to a biased narration of the conflict in general, and Zionism and Israel in particular. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Purpose and Research Question....................................................................................4 1.2 Current Research .........................................................................................................4 1.3 Relevance of Study ......................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • A Gramscian Analysis of the Hamula and the Relations Between the Israeli State and Palestinian Arab Citizens of Israel
    A TALE OF TWO VILLAGES: A GRAMSCIAN ANALYSIS OF THE HAMULA AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ISRAELI STATE AND PALESTINIAN ARAB CITIZENS OF ISRAEL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY UMUT KOLDAŞ IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREEMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SEPTEMBER 2008 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha B. Altunışık Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Meliha B. Altunışık Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. İhsan Duran Dağı (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Meliha B. Altunışık (METU, IR) Assist. Prof. Galip Yalman (METU, ADM) Assist. Prof. Özlem Tür (METU, IR) Assist Prof. İlker Aytürk (BILKENT, IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Signature : iii ABSTRACT A TALE OF TWO VILLAGES: A GRAMSCIAN ANALYSIS OF THE HAMULA AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ISRAELI STATE AND PALESTINIAN ARAB CITIZENS OF ISRAEL Koldaş, Umut Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Textbook Research
    ISRAELI TEXTBOOK RESEARCH Exposing the misleading research of Professor Nurit Peled-Elhanan Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education Debunking Prof. Nurit Peled-Elhanan Professor Nurit Peled-Elhanan is not a credible researcher of Israeli textbooks. She has used anti-Semitic language and offensive political language over many Peled-Elhanan is years, handpicking evidence to support her own preconceived notions, while disre- garding a host of material that does not support her claims. These facts render her Unreliable: an unreliable textbook analyst. Anti-Semitic ü Language The following are some examples: Offensive ü Political Language Hate At a public rally in 2010, Peled-Elhanan engaged in anti-Semitic SPEECH hate-speech, accusing Israeli politicians of greed, deceit, decep- Preconceived tion, and child killing. ü Notions [Israeli children have learned that] all the disgusting qualities Handpicking which anti-Semites attribute to Jews are actually manifested ü Evidence among our leaders: deceit and deception, greed and the mur- der of children.1 Disregarding ü Material Later in the same speech she made reference to the ancient ANTI anti-Semitic trope of Jews stealing organ parts: SEMITIC TROPES While accused of trading in transplanted organs, the unper- turbed Government of Israel is engaged in trading in whole 2 __ humans—for the time being. ... she addresses In a 2016 interview with Warscapes.com3, Peled-Elhanan com- Israeli textbooks ZIONISM pared Zionism to ISIS: through the = ISIS prism of her bias There are very strong voices for peace inside and outside and hatred Israel, like The Jewish Voice for Peace and Jews for Palestine, which are challenging Zionist aspirations.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Israelis Are Reaping the Benefits of the Abraham Accords and These May Redound to Palestinians As Well. Mas Watad Hit on A
    Selected articles concerning Israel, published weekly by Suburban Orthodox Toras Chaim’s (Baltimore) Israel Action Committee Edited by Jerry Appelbaum ( [email protected] ) | Founding editor: Sheldon J. Berman Z”L Issue 8 86 Volume 2 1 , Number 1 8 Parshias Emor | 34th Day Omer May 1, 2021 Arab Is raelis Are Reaping the Benefits of the Abraham Accords By Marc Sievers and Jonathan Ferziger foreignpolicy.com April 18, 2021 And these may redound to Palestinians as well. conference in the UAE this month. In downtown Dubai’s Mas Watad hit on a weight - loss method years ago that glittering Grand Hyatt Hotel, the 56 - year - old attorney met she tailored to Arab women. On the menu were stuffed with E mirati investors and spoke on a panel about his grape leaves, cardamom - seasoned chicken kofta, and even efforts to build an Israeli - Arab incubator and industrial a reduced - calorie version of cheesy knafeh for dessert. zone for budding technology companies. While Israel’s From her home in Baqa al - Gharbiyye, an Arab city programming talent has attracted Microsoft, Intel, Apple, northeast of Tel Aviv, Israel, Watad built a thriving and other giants to set up research an d development dietician’s practic e. Her approach to weight loss, based on centers, only 4 percent of Israel’s technology workforce is natural ingredients and an eating - and - exercise regimen Arab. Much of that is due to the fact that computer driven by a mobile phone app, found a growing local engineering talent is cultivated and connections are made clientele. largely in Israeli army units such as the vaunted Unit 8200 Watad has since taken her slimming system intelligence corps, which ices out most Arab graduates international, founding a company called Dawsat with because they are exempt from serving in the military.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Citizens in Israel a History Through Fiction, 1948–2010
    Palestinian Citizens in Israel A History Through Fiction, 1948–2010 MANAR H. MAKHOUL ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES: NARRATIVES FROM THE MIDDLE EAST AND MEDITERRANEAN PALESTINIAN CITIZENS IN ISRAEL Alternative Histories: Narratives from the Middle East and Mediterranean Series Editor: Sargon Donabed This series provides a forum for exchange on a myriad of alternative histories of marginalised communities and individuals in the Near and Middle East and Mediterranean, and those of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean heritage. It also highlights thematic issues relating to various native peoples and their narratives and – with particular contemporary relevance – explores encounters with the notion of ‘other’ within societies. Often moving beyond the conventional state-centred and dominant monolithic approach, or reinterpreting previously accepted stories, books in the series examine and explain themes from inter-communal relations, environment, health and society, and explore ethnic, communal, racial, linguistic and religious developments, in addition to geopolitics. Editorial Advisory Board Professor Ali Banuazizi Dr Aryo Makko Professor Laura Robson Professor Paul Rowe Professor Hannibal Travis Books in the series (published and forthcoming) Sayfo: An Account of the Assyrian Genocide ‘Abd al-Masih Nu‘man of Qarabash Translated and annotated by Michael Abdalla and Łukasz Kiczko Tunisia’s Andalusians: The Cultural Identity of a North African Minority Marta Dominguez Diaz Palestinian Citizens in Israel: A History Through Fiction, 1948–2010 Manar H. Makhoul Armenians Beyond Diaspora: Making Lebanon their Own Tsolin Nalbantian Museums and the Art of Minorities: Cultural Representation in the Middle East and North Africa Edited by Virginie Rey Shia Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality Edited by Oliver Scharbrodt and Yafa Shanneik Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria Deanna Ferree Womack edinburghuniversitypress.com/series/ahnme PALESTINIAN CITIZENS IN ISRAEL A HISTORY THROUGH FICTION, 1948–2010 Manar H.
    [Show full text]
  • On Judgments and Ethical Investigations in Israeli Law and Literature
    “I Was in a War, and in a War Things Like That Happen”: On Judgments and Ethical Investigations in Israeli Law and Literature Renana Keydar Jewish Social Studies, Volume 18, Number 3, Spring/Summer 2012, pp. 212-224 (Article) Published by Indiana University Press For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jss/summary/v018/18.3.keydar.html Access provided by The Ohio State University (22 Apr 2014 00:25 GMT) “I Was in a War, and in a War Things Like That Happen”: On Judgments and Ethical Investigations in Israeli Law and Literature Renana Keydar ABSTRACT Focusing on two key events in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict—the Deir Yassin affair (1948) and the Kefar Kassem massacre (1956)—the article explores how Israeli nar- ratives of different genres engage with conflict-related atrocities. Juxtaposing the liter- ary reimagination of the Deir Yassin affair in Nurith Gertz’s ‘Al da‘at ‘atsmo (Unrepentant, 2008) and the seminal court ruling in the Kefar Kassem massacre trial (1958), this article examines the ethical considerations and effects of the different formal strategies employed in each of the texts. I argue that the encounter with con- flict-related atrocities leads to a break in the generic form of both the literary and the legal texts and a resort to extrageneric rhetoric. This formal disruption engages the reader and, possibly, her community in an ethical inquiry that emphasizes the process of investigation rather than final judgments. Keywords: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Deir Yassin, Kefar Kassem, atrocity, ethics, memory n April 9, 1948, amidst ongoing battles between Israeli and Palestinian forces, the Israeli paramilitary organizations O Lehi and Etsel attacked the Palestinian village of Deir Yas- sin, located on the outskirts of Jerusalem.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council
    UNITED NATIONS __.___.__~ Security Council RIOVISIONAL s/av.2923 29 May 1990 ENGLISH PitOVfSIDNAL VERBATIM RKCDRDOFTRE ‘IWOTIOUSm WINE BD&RED &ND ‘IWENTY-TBIRDMEETIEG Held at the Palais des Nations, Geneva, cm Friday, 25 May 1990, at 3 p.m. Presidentr Mr. ‘ItlRNUDD (Finlmd) Melh?tSt Canada Mr. PDRTIBR China Mr. DIblG Yuanhonq calold ia Mr. RIVE POSADA c&t2 a*Ivoire Mr. Rwi’ Cuba Mr. ALmODN de QUEsADA Ethiopia Mr. TAD&SE FraWX Mr. BLkBC MalaYS ii3 Mr. RA!i%LI Roraania Mr. MUN%Ei!EU Union of Soviet Socialist &publics Mr. WIONPOV United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Sir Ctiepin TIQ(ELL United States of America Mr. PIGZl%ING Yemen Mr. AL-&WI Zaire Mr.BAW?NI ADEICM) CBlDJGZEw Thie record contains the original text of smeches Llivered in English ard interpretations of speeches in the otha languages. The final text will ba printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should be sent under the signature of a metier of the delegation anxerned, within cne week, to the Chief. Official &cords Bditiw Section, Uapartment of Conference Servicea, room DC2-750, 2 United Nation8 Plaza, and inoorpbrated in a sow of the record. Qo- 60523/A 7788-9ov (El S/P& 2923 2 The meeting was called to order at 3.30 p.m. ADWPIGN OF TB3 AGSNDA The- agenda was aQpted. THE SJXJATION IN THEi QCCUPIRD ARAB ‘IERRITGRIES IETTER DATED 21 RAY 1990 FRCM THE PEIWWmT RRPRESWIATIVE OF BAHRAIN T3 THE UNI‘mD NATIONS ADDRESSED ‘ID TRE PRESIDENT OF TWI SECURITY aXlNC.IL (S/21300) The PRWIDRNT: I should like to inform tbe Counc,il that I have received letters from the representatives of Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Gabon, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, %Wkey, the United grab Emirates and Yugoslavia in which they request &at they be invited to participate in the diwussion of the item on the Council’s agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • In Occupied Jerusalem: Theodore “Teddy” Kollek, the Palestinians, and the Organizing Principles of Israeli Municipal Policy, 1967- 1987
    ‘Adjusting to Powerlessness’ in Occupied Jerusalem: Theodore “Teddy” Kollek, the Palestinians, and the Organizing Principles of Israeli Municipal Policy, 1967- 1987. By Oscar Jarzmik A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto © Copyright by Oscar Jarzmik 2016 ii ‘Adjusting to Powerless’ in Occupied Jerusalem: Theodore “Teddy” Kollek, the Palestinians, and the Organizing Principles of Israeli Municipal Policy, 1967-1987. Oscar Jarzmik Doctor of Philosophy Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines the art of government on the part of the Israeli Municipality in Jerusalem by tracking its rationalization and implementation from the beginning of the occupation in June 1967 until the breakout of the first Palestinian intifada in December 1987. I argue that local policymakers assumed a uniqueness to the history and sociality of Jerusalem and posited a primordial set of political and cultural traditions among Palestinian residents. These preconceptions encouraged them to develop a particular structure for local government and concomitant blueprint for social/administrative relations. Architects of these policies were Mayor Theodore “Teddy” Kollek and an allied group of municipal functionaries who variously identified their policies as “national-pluralist,” “bi-cultural,” and “mosaic” oriented. They believed that an approach towards consolidating
    [Show full text]
  • Was Ist Los Mit Israel? © 2016 Cosmics Verlag, Neu Isenburg © 2016 Ilan Pappe Schutzumschlag: Johannes Wolfesberger Lektorat: Dr
    Was ist los mit Israel? © 2016 Cosmics Verlag, Neu Isenburg © 2016 Ilan Pappe Schutzumschlag: Johannes Wolfesberger Lektorat: Dr. Ludwig Watzal ISBN: 978-3-9817922-6-3 www.Cosmics-Verlag.de ILAN PAPPE WAS IST LOS MIT ISRAEL? Die zehn Hauptmythen des Zionismus Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von Michael M. Schiffmann Cosmics Verlag Inhalt Vorwort 7 Kapitel 1: Palästina war ein menschenleeres Land 9 Kapitel 2: Die Juden waren ein Volk ohne Land 14 Kapitel 3: Zionismus und Judentum sind dasselbe 25 Kapitel 4: Zionismus und Kolonialismus sind zweierlei 40 Kapitel 5: Die Palästinenser verließen ihre Heimat 1948 freiwillig 50 Kapitel 6: Im Junikrieg von 1967 hatte Israel „keine Wahl“ 67 Kapitel 7: Israel ist die einzige Demokratie im Nahen Osten 85 Kapitel 8: Die Mythen um Oslo 103 Kapitel 9: Die Gaza-Mythologien 124 Kapitel 10: Die Zweistaatenlösung ist nur eine Frage der Zeit 154 Vorwort Jeder Versuch zur Lösung eines Konflikts muss sich zu allererst mit des- sen Kern auseinandersetzen und dieser Kern findet sich meistens in sei- ner Geschichte. Eine verfälschte oder manipulierte Geschichte erklärt oft gut, warum ein Konflikt nicht beendet wurde, während eine wahrhaftige, umfassende Betrachtung der Vergangenheit zu einem dauerhaften Frie- den und einer bleibenden Lösung beitragen kann. Wie die Untersuchung des Falls Israel/Palästina zeigt, kann eine falsch verstandene Geschichte der jüngeren oder ferneren Vergangenheit sogar noch direkteren Schaden an- richten: Sie kann die Unterdrückung, Kolonisierung und Besatzung von heute rechtfertigen. Es überrascht nicht, dass in solchen Fällen auch die Gegenwart verfälscht wird, ist sie doch Teil der Geschichte, deren Ver- gangenheit bereits entstellt wurde.
    [Show full text]