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Palestinian Citizens in Israel a History Through Fiction, 1948–2010

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Palestinian Citizens in Israel a History Through Fiction, 1948–2010 Palestinian Citizens in Israel A History Through Fiction, 1948–2010 MANAR H. MAKHOUL ALTERNATIVE HISTORIES: NARRATIVES FROM THE MIDDLE EAST AND MEDITERRANEAN PALESTINIAN CITIZENS IN ISRAEL Alternative Histories: Narratives from the Middle East and Mediterranean Series Editor: Sargon Donabed This series provides a forum for exchange on a myriad of alternative histories of marginalised communities and individuals in the Near and Middle East and Mediterranean, and those of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean heritage. It also highlights thematic issues relating to various native peoples and their narratives and – with particular contemporary relevance – explores encounters with the notion of ‘other’ within societies. Often moving beyond the conventional state-centred and dominant monolithic approach, or reinterpreting previously accepted stories, books in the series examine and explain themes from inter-communal relations, environment, health and society, and explore ethnic, communal, racial, linguistic and religious developments, in addition to geopolitics. Editorial Advisory Board Professor Ali Banuazizi Dr Aryo Makko Professor Laura Robson Professor Paul Rowe Professor Hannibal Travis Books in the series (published and forthcoming) Sayfo: An Account of the Assyrian Genocide ‘Abd al-Masih Nu‘man of Qarabash Translated and annotated by Michael Abdalla and Łukasz Kiczko Tunisia’s Andalusians: The Cultural Identity of a North African Minority Marta Dominguez Diaz Palestinian Citizens in Israel: A History Through Fiction, 1948–2010 Manar H. Makhoul Armenians Beyond Diaspora: Making Lebanon their Own Tsolin Nalbantian Museums and the Art of Minorities: Cultural Representation in the Middle East and North Africa Edited by Virginie Rey Shia Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality Edited by Oliver Scharbrodt and Yafa Shanneik Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria Deanna Ferree Womack edinburghuniversitypress.com/series/ahnme PALESTINIAN CITIZENS IN ISRAEL A HISTORY THROUGH FICTION, 1948–2010 Manar H. Makhoul Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Manar H. Makhoul, 2020 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12 (2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/15 Adobe Garamond by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 5927 3 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 5930 3 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 5929 7 (epub) The right of Manar H. Makhoul to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). CONTENTS List of Tables vi Acknowledgements vii Note on Transliteration x Introduction 1 1 Palestinian Novels in Israel, 1948−1967 15 2 Postmodernisations, 1967−1987 67 3 Palestinian Novels in Israel, 1987−2010: United by Alienation 139 Reflections: Evolution of Palestinian Identity in Israel 208 Bibliography 214 Index 227 vi | palestinian citizens in israel TABLES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1.1 Novels published between 1948 and 1967 64 I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to Professor Yasir Sulieman, my 2.1 Novels published between 1967 and 1987 135 supervisor at the University of Cambridge between 2007 and 2011, for his 3.1 Novels published between 1987 and 2010 203 involvement in the publishing of this book from its first stages as a doctoral dissertation. Shukran, Yasir, for your support, patience and guidance during the research period, and later for encouraging me to publish the book with Edinburgh University Press. I would like also to thank Dr Oren Barak, who supervised my work for my MA thesis at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for his relentless sup- port and encouragement. Professor Avraham Sela, who was my first lecturer at the Hebrew University, has been a great role model in my early years in academia. His stimulation and support during those years are unforgettable. Dr Anat Lapidot was the person who encouraged me to apply to Cambridge University. Her faith in me for so long was extremely motivating. I am grate- ful for being able to work with her at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute after my return. I would also like to thank Dr Shukri Arraf, a dear friend of my family, who was always available for telephone enquiries from Cambridge, generously offering his wealth of knowledge and expertise. Special thanks to Sayyed Kashua, whose extraordinary writing has brought me to the study of literature in search of identity. I have been following the writing of Sayyed acknowledgements | vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to Professor Yasir Sulieman, my supervisor at the University of Cambridge between 2007 and 2011, for his involvement in the publishing of this book from its first stages as a doctoral dissertation. Shukran, Yasir, for your support, patience and guidance during the research period, and later for encouraging me to publish the book with Edinburgh University Press. I would like also to thank Dr Oren Barak, who supervised my work for my MA thesis at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for his relentless sup- port and encouragement. Professor Avraham Sela, who was my first lecturer at the Hebrew University, has been a great role model in my early years in academia. His stimulation and support during those years are unforgettable. Dr Anat Lapidot was the person who encouraged me to apply to Cambridge University. Her faith in me for so long was extremely motivating. I am grate- ful for being able to work with her at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute after my return. I would also like to thank Dr Shukri Arraf, a dear friend of my family, who was always available for telephone enquiries from Cambridge, generously offering his wealth of knowledge and expertise. Special thanks to Sayyed Kashua, whose extraordinary writing has brought me to the study of literature in search of identity. I have been following the writing of Sayyed vii viii | palestinian citizens in israel since 1999, and my MA thesis on him led to the research proposal leading to this book. Many thanks also to Hanan Musa for assisting in getting hold of many of the novels when I did not have time to go back to Israel. Last, but not least, I would like to thank Kath Farrell for her impeccable copy-editing of the thesis under the tight timetable of the last few months. The development of my dissertation into this book would have not been possible without the support I received during my postdoctoral fellowship at the Minerva Humanities Centre in Tel-Aviv University. I am grateful for the enormous encouragement and support I received from Professor Rivka Feldhay and Dr Raef Zreik. The project they are leading, Humanities in Conflict Zones, and their respective research groups at the centre have been fertile intellectual grounds for developing innovative research. It would be impossible to mention every member at the centre, but I would like to par- ticularly mention a few who had a profound impact on me. I am indebted to my friend and colleague Dr Zahiye Kundos, who encouraged me to apply for this fellowship. I have known Zahiye since our undergraduate studies at the Hebrew University, and it is a great honour to partner with her professionally. Dr Gal Hertz’s unceasing support for everyone in the project is an enormous energiser. Gal and Zahiye are a great source of inspiration and hope. The Programme for the Study of Jewish-Arab Culture at Tel-Aviv University is another ground-breaking intellectual enterprise that I am proud to par- ticipate in. Professor Galili Shahar has been a great mentor since I joined the programme. Together with Dr Almog Behar we developed this research project into a successful course in the Department of Literature, further expanding the scope of its analysis. Also, thank you, Almog, for suggesting my name to teach a course based on this research in Sapir Academic College, back in 2015, becoming my first academic post after my graduation. My gratitude also goes to Dr Maram Masarwi, Dr Yusri Hazran, Dr Tom Pessah, Dr Manar Mahmoud, Dr Avital Barak and Dr Ran Segev. Apart from the professional and academic support of all of the people mentioned above, and many more, working on this book would have not been possible without the unconditional support, love and encouragement of my family: my father, Halim, who read each and every paper I ever wrote, and to whom this book is dedicated; my amazingly loving and supportive mother, Salwa; Dima, Ibn-Sina, Amid and Suha, Lubna and Jens (who also acknowledgements | ix read and commented on earlier chapters of the book); Reem, Steve – thank you all for being there for me. Indeed, my ‘Cambridge experience’ would have been completely dif- ferent, and frankly unimaginable, without my dear friends there: Yonatan Mendel, Ellah Yedaaya, Bruno De Nicola, Marta Dominguez, Ronald Klingebiel, Jessica Johnson, Prajakti Kalra, Siddarth ‘Montu’ Saxena, Khaled Hroub, Kholoud Amr, Heba Mostafa, Simon Ryle, Mariam Tanwir, Shahzad Shafqat, Tarik Mouakil, Louise Burdloff, Therese Cregan, Sharif Hamadeh, Tilde Rosmer, Ignacio Sanchez, James Weaver, Juliette Touma, Ghusoun Bisharat (thank you also for lending me two books for more than four years), Isabelle Humphries, Camilla Greene, James Greene, Nicky Sherrot, Clara Vigdis, Layla Younis, Maha Younis and Antoine Raffoul. Special thanks to my friends at home: Gideon Herscher, for his relentless help with preparing the application to Cambridge. Without the generous help of Gidi’s father, Dr Uri Herscher, who helped me secure funding for the first year, landing in Cambridge would have been seriously difficult.
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