Hayes 1877-1881 Garfield 1881 Arthur 1881-1885 Cleveland 1885-1889 Harrison 1889-1893 Cleveland 1893-1897 McKinley 1897-1901 States’ rights sovereignty nullification Tariff Radical Republicans 1870s-1890s “waving the bloody shirt of rebellion” “waving the bloody flag of rebellion” Roscoe Conkling NY James G. Blaine Maine “Millionnaires’ Club” “the Railroad Lobby” 1. Conservative Rep party in control 2. Economy fluctuates a. Poor economy, prosperity, depression b. 1873 1893 1907 1929 c. Significant technological advances 3. Significant social changes 1876 Disputed Election of 1876 Rep- Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio Dem-Samuel Tilden NY To win 185 Tilden 184 + 1 Hayes 165 + 20 Fl SC La Oreg January 1877 Electoral Commission of 15 5 H, 5S, 5SC 7 R, 7 D, 1LR 8 to 7 Compromise of 1877 1. End reconstruction April 30, 1877 2. Appt s. Dem. Cab David Key PG 3. Support funds for internal improvements in the South Hayes 1877-1881 “ole 8 and 7 Hayes” “His Fraudulency” Carl Schurz Wm Everts Civil Service Reform Chester A. Arthur Great Strike of 1877 Resumption Act 1875 specie Bland Allison Silver Purchase Act 1878 16:1 $2-4 million/mo Silver certificates 1880 James G. Blaine Blaine Halfbreeds Rep James A Garfield Ohio Chester A. Arthur Roscoe Conkling Conkling Stalwarts Grant Dem Winfield Scott Hancock PA Greenback Party James B. Weaver Iowa Battle of the 3 Generals 1881 Arthur Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 Chicago and Boston 1884 Election Rep. Blaine of Maine Mugwumps Dem. Grover Cleveland NY “Rum, Romanism and Rebellion” 1885-1889 Character Union Veterans Grand Army of the Republic GAR LQC Lamar S of Interior 1862 union pension 1887 Dependent Pension Bill Interstate Commerce Act 1887 ICC Pooling, rebates, drawbacks Prohibit discrimination John D. Rockefeller Tariff High protective tariff 1. raise price of protected goods 2. create monopoly “charge what the traffic will bear” 1888 Election Dem Cleveland NY Tammany Hall Rep Benjamin Harrison Ind Sir Lionel Sackville-West 1889-1893 Harrison 1890 “Billion Dollar Congress” 1. Disability Pension Act 1890 2. Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 a. 4.5 million oz/mo $2- 4mil/mo b. 16:1 16:1 3. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 “in restraint of trade” 4. McKinley Tariff 1890 western Rep and eastern Rep John Wanamaker Postmaster Gen 1890 mid term Grand Ole Party GOP 1890 Populist Party People’s Party Greenbackers, Farmers, Unions, Labor, Free-Silverites “Pitchfork” Ben Tillman “Bloody Bridles” Waite “Sockless” Jerry Simpson James B. Weaver William Jennings Bryan Platform of 1892 1. Free and unlimited coinage of silver 2. Flexible currency system/Govt controlled/regulated national banking system/increase in circulating medium to $50 per capita 3. Grad. Income tax 4. Sub-treasury banks 5. Postal savings banks 6. Public ownership of railroads, telegraph, telephone 7. Reclamation of land held illegally 8. Immigration restriction 9. 8-hour day for labor 10. Prohibit the use of labor spies 11. Direct election of U. S. Senators 12. Secret ballot 13. Initiative and referendum 14. One 6-year term for President 1892 James B. Weaver—Pop 1,000,000 Cleveland Dem Harrison Rep Cleveland—Dem 1893-1897 Harrison—Rep Panic of 1893 National Cordage Company 1. 1887 ag depression 2. Bus distress in Europe 3. Over-speculated and over-valued 4. Industrial strikes 5. Silver policy Coin’s Financial School
$100,000,000 gold
Jan 1894 $50,000,000 10,000,000 J.P. Morgan Nov. 1894 $100,000,000 20,000,000 Feb. 1895 $50,000,000 10,000,000 Jan. 1896 $100,000,000 Revenue McKinley Tariff 1890 “Billion Dollar Congress” 1889-1891 Wilson-Gorman Tariff 1894 Pullman Strike Pinkertons Mark Hanna Ohio Dynasty “Trickle down theory” Bill McKinley Ohio 1896 Battle of the Standards Rep McKinley gold “Bill McKinley, author of the McKinley Tariff, advance agent of prosperity” Dem silver Wm Jennings Bryan Neb “Cross of Gold” Pop Bryan silver