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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Ifrgher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infcnnaticn Compaiy 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Aibor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL INTERPRETATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHORAL MUSIC CONDUCTORS: A GUIDE FOR PERFORMANCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS By PHILEMON DEMETRIUS THEODOROU JR. Norman, Oklahoma 1998 UMI Number: 9822821 UMI Microform 9822821 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 £' Philemon Demetrius Theodorou Jr. 1998 Ail Rights Reserved BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL INTERPRETATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHORAL MUSIC CONDUCTORS: A GUIDE FOR PERFORMANCE A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC Dr. Dennis Shrock g. c. Dr. Steven C. Curtis Dr. Eugerc Enrico Dr. MichaeLRogers v ,6 f Dr. Andrew Phelan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply indebted to Dr. Dennis Shrock for his advice and valuable input during the completion of this documenL His ideas and insight were a primary force behind the inception of the project, and I am most grateful for his help throughout the process. Drs. R. Bruce Mayhall and Shaun Amos offered helpful suggestions and support as well. The outstanding assistance of Ms. Erica Keithley while I was preparing the manuscript is also noteworthy. I thank my family and friends for providing everything else that was needed. Permission by G. Schirmer and Hinshaw Music, Inc. to reprint portions of the motet Ave Verum corpus by W.A. Mozart is gratefully acknowledged. This study is dedicated with love and admiration to Mr. Palmer L. Pbulson. Thank you. Bud, for having a heart big enough for two families. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... iv LIST OF MUSICAL E X A M P L E S .............................................................................. vü ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... xiü INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ I CHAPTER I. SELECTED BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL REPERTOIRE SUITABLE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHORAL ENSEMBLES . 3 Standard Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Repertoire for Secondary-Level Choral Ensembles ................................................. 3 Performance Practice Issues for Secondary-Level Choral Ensembles ............................................................................. 7 Repertoire Illustrating the Selected Performance Issu es ...................... 9 S u m m ary ............................................................................................... 12 II. SELECTING EDITIONS FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOL CHOIR. 13 Checking the Accuracy of a S c o r e ..................................................... 13 How Editors Change S c o res ................................................................ 14 A Comparison of Editions for the Selected R epertoire ...................... 16 Evaluating the Various E d itio n s ................................................................22 S u m m a ry ............................................................................................... 26 in. BASIC APPROACHES TO SEVENTEENTH-AND HGHTEENTH- CENTURY PERFORMANCE PRACTICES AS DICTATED BY PRIMARY SOURCES...........................................................................................27 Sound Q uality .......................................................................................... 27 Some General Baroque and Classical Sound Ideals .... 28 Some Specific Baro(^e and Classical Sound Ideals .... 30 Period Vocal Technique .............................................................. 32 Using Voices and Instrum ents ......................................................45 Meter and T em p o ..................................................................................... 67 Time Signatures and Meter S y m b o ls ........................................68 Tempo Terms and Characteristics .................................................73 Tempo Fluctuation ......................................................................... 75 R ecitative ......................................................................................81 Phrasing and A rticulation ........................................................................83 Messa di v o c e ............................................................................. 88 Slurs.......................................................................................... 89 Metric Accentuation .................................................................................91 Rhythmic A lteration .................................................................................97 Ornamentation .........................................................................................101 Appropriate Omamentations for Secondary School C h o irs .....................................................106 Using Ornamentation ............................................................. 107 Expression .............................................................................................. 112 S u m m ary ...............................................................................................119 IV. BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL PERFORMANCE PRACTICES FOR THE SELECTED REPERTOIRE ...............................................................................120 Sound Q uality ......................................................................................... 122 General Concepts .......................................................................122 Use of Voices and Instruments .....................................................125 Use of C o n tin u e ............................................................................127 Use of Continue in Accompanying R ecitativ es .........................129 Meter and T em po .................................................................................... 130 Tempo Fluctuation in Recitatives ................................................133 Articulation, Ruasing, and Messa di V o ce ............................................ 137 Metric Accentuation ................................................................. 137 Rhythmic A lteration ............................................................................... 140 Overdotting ................................................................................ 140 Notes Inégales ............................................................................142 VI Rhythmic Conformity ...................................................................143 Ornamentation .........................................................................................145 E x p r e s s io n .............................................................................................. 149 S u m m ary ...................................................................................................153 APPENDIX; SELECTED EDITIONS ...........................................................................155 BIBUOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................163 vu UST OF ILLUSTFIATIONS Figure Page 1. A portion of mm. 3S-44 from Mozart’s Ave Verum Corpus, K. 618 in the Neue Mozart A u sg a b e ......................................................................... 18 2. A portion of mm. 38-44 from Mozart’s Ave Verum Corpus, K. 618 in the Hinshaw e d itio n ................................................................................. 19 3. A portion cf mm. 38-44 from Mozart’s Ave Verum Corpus, K. 618 in the G. Schirmer e d i t i o n ............................................................................ 19 4. A portion of mm. 38-44 from Mozart’s Ave Verum Corpus, K. 618 in the Bourne and Presser editions .............................................................