Won by the Sword, by G.A
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Jewish Themed City
MOOSWALD Historical chronology 34. Jewish cemetery, Elsässer Straße 35, set up in 1870. Freiburg & surrounding area B 3 Denzlingen Freiburg & surrounding area Freiburg was founded by the Dukes of Opening of a Jewish guesthouse, which allowed The federal government and states decreed an Gustav Weil ( 1808 - 1889) was a German orientalist. In Vörstetten 1809 1120 Zähringen. Shortly after the founding, Jews passing Jews to be provided with kosher food. offi cial immigration regulation for Jews from 1845, he was the fi rst Jew in Germany who heldBuchheim a non- FR-Nord Au appeared in Freiburg as traders. 1991 the USSR. First Jewish immigrants from the tenured professorship for Oriental languages, against the tob 1846 20 Jews now lived in Freiburg. ah B 294 Benzhausen nz USSR. Today, the Jewish religious community in objections of the university, and in 1861 fi nally a tenured ub 1218 Takeover of rule by the Counts of Freiburg. ri Glottertal Cities and communities were given the right Br ng Freiburg has over 730 members. professorshipeisgau in Heidelberg. S He became particularly March er -Bahn N -Bahn First mention of Jews in Freiburg or surrounding to issue naturalisation permits themselves. or 1230 well known for the fi rst faithful and complete editionHugs oftet ten e d Heuweiler area. Founding of the liberal community “Gescher”. h 1849 Many professions were still refused to Jews, e.g. u 1998 G“Arabianottenheim Nights” translated from the original text. Hochdorf r eisgau S Today, it has around 50 members. s trades linked to guilds, which was a condition l First indication of Jews settled in Freiburg: Kaiserstuhl Br r Gundelngen ICE Karlsruhe Dr. -
The Ultimate Experience
The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari The Ultimate Experience January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-i 9780230_536920_01_prexvi Also by Yuval Noah Harari RENAISSANCE MILITARY MEMOIRS: War, History and Identity, 1450–1600 SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN THE AGE OF CHIVALRY, 1100–1550 January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-ii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari Department of History Hebrew University of Jerusalem January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-iii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi © Yuval Noah Harari 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. -
The Influence of the Protestant and Catholic Religions During the 16Th & 17Th Century on the Arab World
The Influence of the Protestant and Catholic Religions During the 16th & 17th Century on the Arab World By Nagham Mohammed Ali Jawad Supervised by Prof. Dr. Nezar Karim Jawad Doctor of Philosophy (Modern & Contemporary History) 2013 Matriculation Number: AB0287 Abstract :- The dissertation is studying the subject of The Influence of the Protestant and Catholic Religions During the 16th & 17th Century on the Arab World, whereas the researcher is showing that the European rebirth which occurred in Europe among the two fourteenth and sixteenth centuries , so, based upon that , Europe had converted from the retardation and slavery age into the freedom and scientific logic age. So, Europe used to live before the rebirth into the middle centuries ages and it is a dark period , and everything was in the hand of the church , and the human being was a slave in the feudalism working under the order of the princes sold and bought such as the animals , and he had no right to think , object or even expresses himself, and the church was connected with the feudalism and there was no learning or education except the church education, and there was the naïve and fictitious ideas and what the church said is a holy right and must be followed. To get rid of this deep –black situation , this mean a social , political , religious, cultural and ideological revolution had to outbreak in order to have the human transferred from the bad retarded situation into another situation. This is what had actually happened during the European rebirth age , so, the religious reformation had occurred on the hands of Martin Luther and Carven and the social revolution had occurred through the humanitarian movement and the economical revolution occurred on the hands of Adam Smith and the other revolutions which had stormed the European community. -
Holy Roman Empire
WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 1 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 CONTENT Historical Background Bohemian-Palatine War (1618–1623) Danish intervention (1625–1629) Swedish intervention (1630–1635) French intervention (1635 –1648) Peace of Westphalia SPECIAL RULES DEPLOYMENT Belligerents Commanders ARMY LISTS Baden Bohemia Brandenburg-Prussia Brunswick-Lüneburg Catholic League Croatia Denmark-Norway (1625-9) Denmark-Norway (1643-45) Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurpfalz) England France Hessen-Kassel Holy Roman Empire Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels Hungary & Transylvania Ottoman Empire Polish-Lithuanian (1618-31) Later Polish (1632 -48) Protestant Mercenary (1618-26) Saxony Scotland Spain Sweden (1618 -29) Sweden (1630 -48) United Provinces Zaporozhian Cossacks BATTLES ORDERS OF BATTLE MISCELLANEOUS Community Manufacturers Thanks Books Many thanks to Siegfried Bajohr and the Kurpfalz Feldherren for the pictures of painted figures. You can see them and much more here: http://www.kurpfalz-feldherren.de/ Also thanks to the members of the Grimsby Wargames club for the pictures of painted figures. Homepage with a nice gallery this : http://grimsbywargamessociety.webs.com/ 2 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 3 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 The rulers of the nations neighboring the Holy Roman Empire HISTORICAL BACKGROUND also contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War: Spain was interested in the German states because it held the territories of the Spanish Netherlands on the western border of the Empire and states within Italy which were connected by land through the Spanish Road. The Dutch revolted against the Spanish domination during the 1560s, leading to a protracted war of independence that led to a truce only in 1609. -
The WORKS of VOLTAIRE
The WORKS of VOLTAIRE "Edween two servants of Humanzty, wlto appea,.ed e;gltteen Itundred years apa,.t, Iltere is a myste,.ious relation. * * * * Let us say it witlt a sentiment of profound ,.espect: JESUS WEPT: VOLTAIRE SMILED. Of tltat divine tear and oj Iltat Ituman smile is composed tlte sweetness of tlte p,.esent civilization ." VICTOR HUGO. College of Du Page Instructional Resources Center GleR EIIYD, Illinois ~ Presented by Mr. & Mrs. Henry A. Diekmann A CRITIQVE. 8 BIOGRAPHY lOY ()!'IE. HVNDRED &'DlX\Y-EIGHT DESIGNS, COMPRISING R(PRODVCTION5 OF RARE OLD ENGRAVING 5, 51UL PLl~TE~. PHO- TOGRAVuRE'",,_~o~~o~~~o& CURIOUS FAC-SIMILEa. o1J[MlLt~~~ll~W\I!llJ\kY) 0 INSTRUCTIONAl RESOURCES CENTER COllEGE OF DU PAGE CoPYRIGHT, 1901, By E. R. DuMoNT OwHED BY TAB ST. HUBERT GUILD tilaw YORK , VOLTAIRE AGE OF LOUIS XIV. VOL. XII-PART I CONTENTS AGE OF LOUIS XIV. CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 5 I. THE STATE OF EUROPE BEFORE LOUIS XIV. II. VICTORIES OF THE FRENCH III. THE CIVIL WAR IV. THE CIVIL WAR UNTIL 1654 v. DEATH OF CARDINAL MAZARIN 75 VI. LOUIS XIV. GOVERNS ALONE 106 VII. THE CONQUEST OF FLANDERS 120 VIII. PEACE OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE IX. MAGNIFICENCE OF LOUIS XIV. X. HOLLAND EVACUATED . XI. DEATH OF MARSHAL TURENNE XII. THE PEACE OF NIMEGUEN XIII. THE TAKING OF STRASBURG XIV. JAMES II. OF ENGLAND DETHRONED 223 XV. EUROPE UNTIL 1697 XVI. THE TREATY WITH SAVOY LIST OF PLATES PART I P.6.0B VOLTAIRE • Frontispiece LOUIS XIV. JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT INTRODUCTION TO THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV. -
Biplanes and Bombsights: British Bombing in Word War I
Biplanes and Bombsights British Bombing in World War I George K. WMiams Air University Press Maxell Air Force Base, Alabama May 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Williams. George Kent, 1944- Biplanes and bombsights : British Bombing in World War I / George Kent Williams. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ' 1. World War, 1914-1918-Aerial operations, British. 2. Bombers-Great Britain. I. ' Title. D602.W48 1999 940 .4'4941-dc21 ~9-26205 CIP Disclaimer opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressedor implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release : distribution unlimited. e il Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . .. ' , ix INTRODUCTION . : . 1 - NO. 3 WING ROYAL NAVAL AIR SERVICE (JULY 1916-MAY 1917) . .. ... 30f Notes . 2 BRITISH BOMBING BEGINS . 35 Notes . .. 67 3 41ST WING ROYAL FLYING CORPS (JUNE 1917-JANUARY 1918) . 73 Notes . .. 125 4 . EIGHTH BRIGADE AND INDEPENDENT FORCE (FEBRUARY-NOVEMBER 1918) . 133 Notes . 180 5 EIGHTH BRIGADE AND INDEPENDENT FORCE OPERATIONS . 189 Notes . 231 6 POSTWAR ASSESSMENTS . 239 Notes . 264 APPENDIX . 269 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 289 INDEX . 299 iii Illustrations Table Page 1 'Battle Casualties, Night Squadrons, June-November 1918 . 210 Photographs Handley Page . 9 DeHavilland 4B . 43 Me . 63 Foreword This study measures wartime claims against actual results of the British bombing campaign against Germany in the Great War. Components of the' Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), the Royal Flying Corps (RFC); and the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted bombing raids between July 1916 and the Armistice. -
Clubs Missing a Club Officer 2011
Lions Clubs International Clubs Missing Club Officer for 2011-2012 (Only President, Secretary or Treasurer) (No District) Club Club Name Title (Missing) 27949 PAPEETE President 27949 PAPEETE Secretary 27949 PAPEETE Treasurer 27952 MONACO DOYEN President 27952 MONACO DOYEN Secretary 27952 MONACO DOYEN Treasurer 30809 NEW CALEDONIA NORTH President 30809 NEW CALEDONIA NORTH Secretary 30809 NEW CALEDONIA NORTH Treasurer 33988 GIBRALTAR President 33988 GIBRALTAR Secretary 33988 GIBRALTAR Treasurer 34460 BELMOPAN President 35917 BAHRAIN LC President 35917 BAHRAIN LC Secretary 35917 BAHRAIN LC Treasurer 41122 PORT AU PRINCE CENTRAL President 41122 PORT AU PRINCE CENTRAL Secretary 41122 PORT AU PRINCE CENTRAL Treasurer 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA President 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA Secretary 44697 ANDORRA DE VELLA Treasurer 45478 PORT AU PRINCE DELMAS President 45478 PORT AU PRINCE DELMAS Secretary 45478 PORT AU PRINCE DELMAS Treasurer 47478 DUMBEA President 47478 DUMBEA Secretary 47478 DUMBEA Treasurer 54276 BOURAIL LES ORCHIDEES President 54441 KONE President 54441 KONE Secretary 54441 KONE Treasurer OFF0021 Run Date: 7/3/2011 8:00:57PM Page 1 of 1229 Lions Clubs International Clubs Missing Club Officer for 2011-2012 (Only President, Secretary or Treasurer) (No District) Club Club Name Title (Missing) 55769 LA FOA President 55769 LA FOA Secretary 55769 LA FOA Treasurer 57378 MINSK CENTRAL President 57378 MINSK CENTRAL Secretary 57378 MINSK CENTRAL Treasurer 57412 ALUKSNE President 57412 ALUKSNE Secretary 57412 ALUKSNE Treasurer 58998 ST PETERSBURG -
The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
Tufts College Library GIFT OF ALUMNI *- }?s£ 7/* r/ Epo chs of History EDITED BY EDWARD E. MORRIS, M. A. THE ERA OF THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR, 1618-16480 S. R, GARDINER. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/thirtyyearswar1600gard_0 : THE Thirty Years’ War I618-1648 BY SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER * Late Student of Christ Church Author of * History of Englandfrom the Accession of fames /. to tho Disgrace of Justice Coke * and * Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage 9 NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 1 GRANT & FAIRES, Printers and Electrotypers, 420 LIBRARY ST., PHILA. D 266 1 ,G\ , \qOO — PREFACE. —h-i If the present work should appear to be written for more advanced students than those for whom most if not all the other books of the series are designed, the nature of the subject must be pleaded in excuse. The mere fact that it relates exclusively to Continental history makes it unlikely that junior pupils would ap- proach it in any shape, and it is probably impossible to make the very complicated relations between the German states and other European nations interest- ing to those who are for the first time, or almost the first time, attempting to acquire historical knowledge. Every history, to be a history, must have a unity of its own, and here we have no unity of national life such as that which is reflected in the institutions of Eng- land and France, not even the unity of a great race of sovereigns handing down the traditions of government from one generation to another. -
Caesar in Gaul
Conditions and Terms of Use PREFACE Copyright © Heritage History 2010 The aim of this volume is to give a complete graphic Some rights reserved account of the main features of the history of France to 1715 This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an A.D., with as much additional illuminating detail as limited organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, space permits. Besides outlines of the principal events, this and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. narrative includes many biographical sketches, together with the The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public anecdotes and sayings to which allusions are often made in domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may literature, politics, and art. It also gives such data in regard to therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty to places, public buildings, and works of art as the well informed the author. like to have at their fingers' ends. As the book is intended mainly The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, for youthful readers, due regard has been paid to moral teachings however, are the property of Heritage History and are subject to certain restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the and to the judicious omission of harmful incidents. integrity of the work, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that The book is arranged for elementary history classes, and compromised versions of the work are not widely disseminated. -
Totschlag – „Schmach“ – Friedbruch. Die Ebringer Kirchweih – Eine Rechtsgeschichte
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Totschlag - ”Schmach” - Friedbruch: die Ebringer Kirchweih - eine Rechtsgeschichte Schott, Clausdieter Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-71619 Journal Article Originally published at: Schott, Clausdieter (2012). Totschlag - ”Schmach” - Friedbruch: die Ebringer Kirchweih - eine Rechts- geschichte. Zeitschrift des Breisgau-Geschichtsvereins Schau-ins-Land, 131:51-65. Totschlag – „Schmach“ – Friedbruch. Die Ebringer Kirchweih – eine Rechtsgeschichte VON CLAUSDIETER SCHOTT I. Die literarischen Vorgaben Es fügt sich ins Gesellschaftsbild des Spätmittelalters und der Frühneuzeit, dass Feiern und Festlichkeiten häufig in Tumulten und Tätlichkeiten und diese nicht selten mit Todesfolgen ausarteten. Meist war das jeweilige Ereignis aber bald wieder vergessen und selbst dort, wo man wie bei Totschlägen Mahnmale in Form von Sühnekreuzen errichtete, verblasste die Er- innerung nach geraumer Zeit. Gelegentlich haben solche Vorkommnisse jedoch wenigstens archivalische Spuren hinterlassen, so dass das „Sittenbild“, wie man sich in der älteren Litera- tur ausdrückte, auch für die Nachwelt Anschaulichkeit behielt. Um einen solchen Fall handelt es sich bei den misslichen Vorgängen anlässlich der Ebringer Kirchweih von 1495, wo nahe- zu der gesamte Konfliktverlauf dokumentarisch überliefert ist. Wenn gerade dieser Fall besondere Aufmerksamkeit gefunden -
Gustavus Adolphus
Great Captains GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS A HISTORY OF THE ART OF WAR FROM ITS RE VIVAL AFTER THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE END OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION WAR, WITH A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF THE GREAT SWEDE, AND OF THE MOST FAMOUS CAMPAIGNS OF TURENNE, CONDE, EUGENE, AND MARLBOROUGH. WITH 2S7 CHARTS, MAPS, PLANS OF BATTLES AND TACTICAL MANOEUVRES, CUTS OF UNIFORMS, ARMS, AND WEAPONS BY THEODORE AYRAULT DODGE BREVET LIEUTENANT-COLONEL UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED LIST J AUTHOR OF " THB CAMPAIGN OF CHANCELLORSVILLE," '*A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF OUR CIVIL WAR," " PATROCLUS AND PENELOPE. A CHAT IN THE SADDLE/' " GREAT CAP TAINS," "ALEXANDER," " HANNIBAL," " C<ESAR," ETC, ETC, IN TWO VOLUMES —VOLUME II. BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY The Riverside Press, Cambridge G 31 tv Copyright, 1890, BY THEODORE AYRAULT DODGE. All rights reserved. FOURTH IMPRESSION TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER FAGS XXXIII. CROMWELL. 1642-1651 421 XXXIV. TURENNE. 1634 TO AUGUST, 1644. 437 XXXV. CONDE AT ROCROY. MAY 19, 1643 . .450 XXXVI. FREIBURG. AUGUST, 1644 458 XXXVII. MERGENTHEIM. MAY 5, 1645 468 XXXVIII. ALLERHEIM. AUGUST 5, 1645 .... 478 XXXIX. CONDE AT DUNKIRK. SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1646 488 XL. TURENNE AND WRANGEL. 1646-1647 ... 497 XLI. THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR ENDS. 1648 . .507 XLII. CONDE AGAINST TURENNE. 1650-1656 ... 519 XLIII. ARRAS AND VALENCIENNES. 1654-1656 . 540 XLIV. DUNKIRK. THE BATTLE OF THE DUNES, 1657. MAY AND JUNE, 1658 553 XLV. ARMY ORGANIZATION AND TACTICS EARLY SEVEN TEENTH TO EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY . 569 XLVI. TURENNE IN HOLLAND. 1672 .... 582 XLVII. MONTECUCULI. 1673 592 XLVIII. SENEF, AUGUST 11, AND SINSHEIM, JUNE 16, 1674 602 XUX. -
Historical Chronology Founding of Associations and Charities, Self
MOOSWALD Historical chronology 35. Jewish cemetery, Elsässer Straße 35, set up in 1870. Freiburg & surrounding area B 3 Denzlingen Freiburg & surrounding area Freiburg was founded by the Dukes of Opening of a Jewish guesthouse, which allowed The federal government and states decreed an Gustav Weil ( 1808 - 1889) was a German orientalist. In Vörstetten 1809 1120 Zähringen. Shortly after the founding, Jews passing Jews to be provided with kosher food. official immigration regulation for Jews from 1845, he was the first Jew in Germany who heldBuchheim a non- FR-Nord Au appeared in Freiburg as traders. 1991 the USSR. First Jewish immigrants from the tenured professorship for Oriental languages, against the tob 1846 20 Jews now lived in Freiburg. ah B 294 Benzhausen nz USSR. Today, the Jewish religious community in objections of the university, and in 1861 finally a tenured ub 1218 Takeover of rule by the Counts of Freiburg. ri Glottertal Cities and communities were given the right Br ng Freiburg has over 730 members. professorshipeisgau in Heidelberg. S He became particularly March er -Bahn N -Bahn First mention of Jews in Freiburg or surrounding to issue naturalisation permits themselves. or 1230 well known for the first faithful and complete editionHugs tetof ten e d Heuweiler area. Founding of the liberal community “Gescher”. h 1849 Many professions were still refused to Jews, e.g. u 1998 G“Arabianottenheim Nights” translated from the original text. Hochdorf r eisgau S Today, it has around 50 members. s trades linked to guilds, which was a condition l First indication of Jews settled in Freiburg: Kaiserstuhl Br r Gundelngen ICE Karlsruhe Dr.