MOOSWALD Historical chronology

34. Jewish cemetery, Elsässer Straße 35, set up in 1870. & surrounding area B 3 Freiburg & surrounding area Freiburg was founded by the Dukes of Opening of a Jewish guesthouse, which allowed The federal government and states decreed an ( 1808 - 1889) was a German orientalist. In Vörstetten 1809 1120 Zähringen. Shortly after the founding, passing Jews to be provided with kosher food. offi cial immigration regulation for Jews from 1845, he was the fi rst Jew in who heldBuchheim a non- FR-Nord appeared in Freiburg as traders. 1991 the USSR. First Jewish immigrants from the tenured professorship for Oriental languages, against the tob 1846 20 Jews now lived in Freiburg. ah B 294 Benzhausen nz USSR. Today, the Jewish religious community in objections of the university, and in 1861 fi nally a tenured ub 1218 Takeover of rule by the Counts of Freiburg. ri and communities were given the right Br ng Freiburg has over 730 members. professorshipeisgau in . S He became particularly March er -Bahn N -Bahn First mention of Jews in Freiburg or surrounding to issue naturalisation permits themselves. or 1230 well known for the fi rst faithful and complete editionHugs oftet ten e d area. Founding of the liberal community “Gescher”. h 1849 Many professions were still refused to Jews, e.g. u 1998 G“Arabianottenheim Nights” translated from the original text. Hochdorf r eisgau S Today, it has around 50 members. s trades linked to guilds, which was a condition l First indication of Jews settled in Freiburg: Kaiserstuhl Br r Gundel ngen ICE Dr. Adolf Lewin(1843 - 1910), ) was a German Reform rabbi, a mining, grain trading, fi nanciers to the Counts to be able to receive . K 1281 Setting up of a memorial for the victims of historian and author: g of Freiburg. There was a place of worship 2003 – Geschichte der badischen Juden seit n General law on equality of Jews in . National Socialism amongst the members of u der Regierung Karl Friedrichs: 1738 – 1909 [History of the t (“school”) in Wasserstraße. 2005 h 1862 Resistance from the population, who spoke the . e c i Baden Jews since the reign of Charles Frederick: 1738a – r R ldallee The Counts Konrad and Friedrich of Freiburg against the emancipation of Jews in petitions. St swa r o H Laying of “stumbling blocks” to remember the 1909], Juden in Freiburg-im- [Jews in Freiburg im o e Wildtal e M r granted the Freiburg Jews tax exemption for 7 2004 tt m e victims of the Nazi regime. Breisgau] t 5 a 1338 s A n years, and issued the privilege of protection for History of the third Israelite community

g n 3 B u n - H h Landwasser M 80 to 100 people. Since the autumn, the Lienhart bakery has a E Flugplatz it WIEHRE b l s sä c Brühl . Founding of the liberal “Israelite religious 2011 o s h r ser t supplied and sold kosher bread. t - Mention of a on Weberstraße/ Messe S S u S t community” of Freiburg, at Münsterplatz, today t r 1863 A ra r 35. Former Jewish student association, “Neo Friburgia” e ße Mooswald Freiburg . 1348 Wasserstraße 4: the Jews were not forced to

h Zähringen rear building to Schusterstraße 27. Opening and inauguration of the day care

u fraternity house, Basler Straße 44. r

s settle in a ghetto. l

Ha r 2013 centre “Shalom”, the fi rst educational facility

up 34 a Inauguration of the synagogue on the ramparts 36. Villa of the Knopf family (owner of thets Knopf depart- K tra Eradication of the fi rst Israelite community since 1945. ment store, see 18), Beethovenstraße 8, builtß ein 1927/1928. 1870 on the edge of the Medieval centre. Setting e of the city. Even before the plague broke out e l up of the Jewish cemetery on Elsässer Straße. l a H in Freiburg in the summer of 1349, after an 37. Liefmann house Goethestraße. 33. a a u Herdern b Botanischer Gift from the property broker Jakob Nelson to Waltershofen d e s 30. unfair trial due to a well poisoning by a Jew, The family converted to theFR- ProtestantMitte a ß b Founding of associations and P a u Garten r the city of Freiburg: properties at Hugerberg, t r the members of the community were burnt on faith, moved from to Freiburg Lehen S g Jan. A B Uniklinik - 44 1914 u Seepark re r e t Klinik für isa e r with the intention that a home for invalids be charities, self-assertion o ch i s 1349 the “Galgen and Rädle Matte” on Basler Straße. and bought the villa in 1894. On 22 Oc- b e e t a Tumorbiologie r r h 46s t M a erected on these properties. n ra - tober 1940, the siblings Robert, Else and z ß ß Only the twelve richest Jews, pregnant women e n 33 e u Stühlinger a b Betzenhausen f ri e and children were spared and the children were Martha were deported to Gurs. The Ge- n t B 1914 – Tiergehege g Su S e nd 3 36 Freiburg Jews fell in the First World War. stapo seized the house as headquarters. r gau compulsorily baptised. “Israelite women’s association” was M alle F 1918 1881 i e e ried tt e rich integrated in the municipal welfare work. e ll str. The fi rst stumbling blocks in Freiburg, which remind us of a B 3 Founding of the Jewish agricultural association k History of the second Israelite community St. Nikolaus Haupt- c r L Tuniberg the victims of National Socialism. bahnhof a eopo “Pfl ug”; building up and maintenance of m ldring Op nger See is g “Breisgauer Loge B’nai B’rith” order from B in Due to the failure of the high taxes generated 1919 – the teaching property “Markenhof” near 1882 – Today, it is the guest house of the University of Freiburg. r e k the tradition of the freemasons; “sister ß c by the Jews, the Emperor once again granted , on the initiative of the wire and - e 1925 1937 a t r t 1360 38. Israelite board school for girls with affi liated state t bahnhof lodge” for women. s o Münster St. Othettilien privilege of protection for the Jews. New cable manufacturer Konrad Goldmann. It was z l R g A o n approved girl’s school, Goethestraße 3, headmistress: Lotte u . i t h r r settlement of Jews. seen as a pioneer project. o h t g Op ngen b s r 1884 – Bernstein, Ida Cohn, from 1911 to 1935. A a sc n e h i . Setting up of an Israeli orphan fund. u n E l r b t z t s Schlossberg The city accepted the doctor Gutleben and 1925/ o u w 1920 b 45 s s Weingarten H b e Rebuilding and expansion of the synagogue. a r n o Lotte Bernstein was deported to Lublin () on 10 June a h in n l s n g n his sons from with their families la z e h h 1926 ch ub r M c a c 1373 e S S 1942, and murdered a little later in Sobibór. m r rin itt and “servants” as residents, in return for 1884 Loan association. B S g e h Start of National Socialist against t t e r e . r r Jugend- s M correspondingly high fees. e Oberau a i 39. House, Schwimmbadstraße5 39M,oos wherewald Haslach t herberge the Jews: boycott of Jewish shops, lawyers and n te 1933 A W ç 1885/ “Gustav and Dr. Robert Weil foundation o lived as a philosophy studentn at the university, from 1925 There was once again a synagogue and approx. doctors. Work ban for Jewish lawyers. n Sc Leo h hre -W Ebnet a ib r. o a erst amst h 1886 for tuberculosis suff erers”. l r. B 31 Dreis to 1926. Hannah Arendt was an important German Jewish l le 1385 60 Jewish residents in Freiburg. The community b e b

e Race Laws. Further laws as a result: o Les - t sing S historian and social historian. str. t Stadion has its own school master (rabbi) and doctor. 1935 u B 31 r r. Schillerstr. . Jewish school, loss of nationality, etc. “Reading circle” under the chairmanship A st straße B 3 n 38 . arzwald 1887 Eugen-Keidel ne r Schw 40. Lessingschule commemorative plaque. o 41 40 t New beginning and ostracism at the same of the brush manufacturer D. J. Dukas. r s . K l 9/10 November. Destruction of the synagogue; Thermalbad 1 sler Landstr. r Au a a Tiengen tobahn B 3 B t z / t time: Duke Leopold of Austria forced all Jews to ub 3 S Bas 42 Forced classes for Jewish children 1936rin – 1940 from B ler Str. s Höllental rger Landstr. B 31 ge e r r Talstr. Kappler 1394 52 Jewish men arrested, incarcerated in ibu r S le e e wear special clothes: single coloured cloth coats “Mendelssohn Association” – chairman: e FR-Süd ü l h t Titisee 1938 Fr d a c 35 37 Tunnel Freiburg and 11 rural communities – from Müllheim to a 48 n B 31 m a the granary, and deported to the 1892 r ü ya r and large striped horned skull caps. brush manufacturer Samuel Nelson. ö G B 31 Off enburg, froml to Villingen. su L concentration camp. e t s a 47 a M St. Georgen New proceedings against the Jews, triggered 41. Dr. GertrudB Luckner, Catholic, pacifi st, honorary citi- 39 Deportation of the Jews from Freiburg to the “Association for the promotion of crafts t/ Höllentalbahn r by an incident in Diessenhofen, where a Jew zen of Freiburgo , Kirchstraße 4. As an employee of CARITAS, , South of ; from and technical professions amongst the p 36 Littenweiler “admits” under torture that he killed a Christian 22./23. ir tr. Vauban Waldsee she primarily dedicated herself to border crossing services s . 1942: transports from Gurs to Auschwitz. In Israelites” at the instigation of the then A d r o n t 1401 child. The Freiburg council had the Jews r S Oct. Munzingen u a community leader B. Dukas and under for Jews. Imprisoned by the in 1943, she survived L r Freiburg, 450 people were aff ected by the 1890 E r St. Barbara e ICE e arrested. Duke Leopold of Austria prevented g l s 1940 s Jesuiten- the chairmanship of Heinrich Rosin. From n u the Ravensbrück concentration camp. After the war, she a deportation to Gurs; 71 people remained u a t B schloß Günterstal Brombergkopf an imminent for a corresponding h h B 3 1902, it supported an apprentice home dedicatedc herself to reconciliation and the Christian-Jew- z behind. i r 43 St. Valentin settlement payment. Expulsion of the Jews R e ish dialogue. founded in Karlsruhe. M from Freiburg. 1942 – t.de e Deportation to Theresienstadt. 42. Annaplatz. Memorial plaque at the assembly point in h - si c 1945 Kappel - “Workers health insurance association Luisenhöhe sicht.d Right to reside and trade licence for individual Wiehre for deportation to Gurs. bahn Schauinsland1411 -in 1890 Schönberg © FWTM 2012 © FWTM 2012 Jews for correspondingly high fees. and funeral insurance society”.

All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted .land-in- All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted .lan d Mengen Au with the prior permission of FWTM. with the prior permission of FWTM. History of the fourth Israelite community www Expulsion of the Jews from Freiburg by King 1424 ww w Founding of the Jewish agricultural Sigismund. Return of 5 Jews to Freiburg. Out of 1,138 Jewish association “Pfl ug”; building up and GÜNTERSTAL maintenance of the teaching property ZÄHRINGEN ST. GEORGEN All Freiburg citizens were forbidden to deal with Freiburg residents, at least 314 lost their lives. 1919 – Sept. First Jewish worship service in the historical “Markenhof” near Kirchzarten, on 43. “Bad Rebhaus” Sana- and trade with Jews. Jews that visited the city 44. “Herdern” pharmacy, Habsburgerstraße 59 47. New Jewish cemetery in St. Georgen, Tiengener 1520 1945 department store hall. Founding of the 1925 the initiative of the wire and cable torium with spa complex could only move within it when paying to be The owner of the pharmacy was Julius Friedberger. Straße, next to the general cemetery St. Georgen. “Israelite State Community ”. manufacturer Konrad Goldmann. It was at Wonnhalde, from 1891 to accompanied by a council servant. He died in the Dachau concentration camp in 1938. seen as a pioneer project. 1933. Its founder was Dr. Max In spite of a settlement ban, the city had to 1946 Community space at Hansjakobstraße 8. Daniel Lasker. 1700 – allow the army suppliers Oppenheimer and Founding of the “Reich Federation of 2. Weberstraße/Wasserstraße residential quarter The lawyer Robert Grumbach became an 1919 1732 Sintzonheim to open branch offi ces in the city, 1947 Jewish Front Soldiers” RjF. During the 1st World War, on the Sickingen plan honorary citizen. Bad Rebhaus was used as a STÜHLINGER at the demand of the Duchy. Move to Holbeinstraße 25, Football group “Sport group shield military hospital. 45. Hebelschule, Eschholzstraße/Engelbergerstraße 2 Tolerance edict, Joseph II granted free 1953 1925 settlement in the cities, freedom of school and setting up of a prayer room. Freiburg”. Bad Rebhaus was very popular with its guests. Apart from (entrance via the side entrance at Eschholzstraße). 1782 many other famous personalities, Else Lasker-Schüler, an At the entrance: memorial plaque to remember the profession as far as possible. Equality between Commemorative plaque put up at the site of deportation of Baden, Palatinate and Jews on 22 citizens. the old synagogue, where a commemoration important German speaking author, often visited. 1961 and 23 October 1940 by the Nazis. First conferral of doctorate (medicine) of the for the victims of now takes place Today, the municipal homeless shelter, the residence for 1791 Jew Semion Hochheimer at the University of annually. people with disabilities and the large hall of the 46. . Friedrich Bloch bakery until 1938, Colmarer Straße 8 Freiburg. former restaurant, and today’s science research (formerly Breisacher Straße 15). Master baker Block was Laying of the foundations for the new 1985 institute are housed here. deported to Gurs in 1940, and murdered in 1942 at the age From The Jews were granted free access to Freiburg, synagogue at Nußmannstraße/Engelstraße. of 54 1806 as well as a temporary residence in the city. 1987 Inauguration of the synagogue.

48. Residence of Prof. Husserl, Lorettostraße 40 15. Former private bank Elias Mayer 24. Former “Libanon” guesthouse 30. Sign at the site of the old synagogue 34. Old Jewish cemetery 39. Schwimmbadstraße 39 e Alter Friedhof r a K r Rhei st nstraße l r a K s e tr ß aße tra e f H s ße . ß o Places, memorials and l a c r a hm ho rar e l 7 t t is be s te L tst rst S ud ra He w Landratsamt d ße ebe ig a Freiburg city centre H r str tat commemorative plaques F aß S rie e e Planetarium d e r anstr. i atharinenstr i g ch ß K r straße ße st ll a r. r Ka Mer u e t e tha T s ß rine I. and Early Modern Period a B nho b r B m r 3 f 3 2 e Tour of t M öderstra s rn a s erianh ha Lu tr r R rd dw n e of b str e ig Röde . ß u g a stra (*acc. to archive) in Fr a r ß G e z ied t e ß t ric -S n Fahnen- hr H t e ing e d stra W R r a osastra bergpl. Sieges- aß a Haupt- ß 2 2 r h e OF FREIBURG e st k ß lar e ring c K iedrich F r e Fr r denkmal tra bahnhof l 1 5 i e arl u s e K B t rst l d - Stadt- r e ra r L b a ß ß e W i e z ra e e c o t 1. *Judengasse until approx. 1708, from then Universi- be h o c garten o rs Jewish ka aß rstra r p a e i J M r c aße ße n o e str Colombipark Wa g ld t tätsstraße (between Bertoldstraße and Franziskanerplatz). r Un sse r in a terlin rstra in W Post Archäologisches g de ß g mbistr n Herz-Jesu-Kirche m Eis e e o n n l s ba Museum i Raustr. 2. *Residential quarter around 1281 – 1424 at Wasser- i hn o r S s C c e traß k hiffs Karlsplatz B s e Colombi- c Ga tr N straße/Weberstraße. Synagogue with administration, as e u 8 aße uß t c Merianstraße mannst G t h schlössle 2 A z hs- Rathaus st r u t Er Schlossbergbahn o ra aß f a a c ße d l sm presumably a ritual immersion bath (mikveh) and a dance mobilé R Tu Karto el- e er us Freiburg E Z sp s Stühlinger- -Sa Hauptpost rm n in l tra A walk through Jewish Freiburg g n r s Am str e en ße platz n a markt lst a hall. It has been proved that overall, there were ten Jewish a ße r. K H Schwarzen F Rathau ranzisk m e Bus- aner Marktgasse 10 A Schlossberg- houses in this quarter. From 1385, there is evidence of the ß str e a Kloster aß We start at the tourist information, which is located r sg e ß t bahnhof asse restaurant s a H existence of a synagogue on the South West corner of We- r r C.-Gröber-Str. er e 1 Martinskirche t ma in the city hall. We go diagonally to the left from the city g 1 8 nns Dattler n H B S t i 32 e - raß z rto Alte Rathausplatz Münsterstr. Münsterplatz e berstraße/Raustraße. At the time, 60 Jewish inhabitants t Konzerthaus ld h hall, past the Franciscan monastery and the St. Martins n str p e aß Universität e Freiburg e Münster e were counted in Freiburg, including a Jewish schoolmaster W Konrad- s church, and enter Franziskanerstraße. Then, we cross 31 1 9 o 3 ß 28 Uniseum J a Adenauer- Bursen- - r (rabbi) and a doctor. r t Altstadt g Kaiser-Joseph-Straße (KaJo) and go left along KaJo, to the Platz 2 0 e s Stadttheater Bertolds gang is n in Sed traße a e Konviktskirche r anstr Eisenstr. r corner of KaJo/Engelstraße. Many Jews settled near to the 3. Minster. Contains a multitude of Jewish illustrations. aße K 4 12 r g e r Schlossbergturm 29 30 9 Platz N Sch 13 11 ie Bertolds- 17 us H Sc 5 e then synagogue (2) in Wasserstraße and Weberstraße, m ter Museum hofer b der Alten en e str 14 straß ße s ß brunnen a e s 4. *House “Zum Juden”, Münsterplatz 10. Today, the s a ß Synagoge tr r e für Stadt- Erzb. s . t next to “Große Gass” (Marktstraße), which was renamed . s o r s l estra geschichte “Knight’s house” stands here. e KG II t 16 Ordinariat Schlossberg t k ß ä M t e ünzg h l t S “Kaiser-Joseph-Straße” at the end of the 18th century. s a rsi a c o r e lz ass t s e n ß v tr i M i G aß S hs Universität n r e 5. * House “Zum Roten Juden” (part of the Schutterhof in l a 25 ü e Wasserstraße und Weberstraße, which are separated by e U nw lc ä ß i r l ße d 15 Bel er S a w a f t t r ortstraße M 6 27 raß Löwen e t stra e s the 15th century). Corner of Schoferstraße/Münzgasse. e s ß Bismarck- a perfume and cosmetics shop, is diagonally opposite to- 2 1 Augustiner- t rstr

k

n i e n KG I h KG III museum v denkmal O n day’s Karstadt building. Today, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße is the n Adl Martinstor Augustiner- b 6. University, collegiate building I. Site of the university c e o a 2 3 Industrie- K S W rl Gr raße platz in shopping street and promenade of Freiburg. At the end e il tst Gerberau th h d d m l G 3. The seal of the university provides proof of Jewish life u. Handels- er elmstr R KG IV Karl- e e st e o Metzgerau 2 4 rb n m b raß h e of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, it kammer par Rahner- ra Kanonen- (Jewish scribes recognisable by the “horned skull caps”). e t t m Fischerau Natur- u Allee- s u a r tr An der e ße aße Platz H Grei enegg- platz ß was full of Jewish shops, practices and offi ces. The Knopf e Garten Mehlwaage museum a Ade Schwabentor schlössle n r lhau 7. *House “Zum Judenberg” (district of Neuburg, location W ser department store (18), the important South German trad- ü G t Straße Adelhauser l a S c - In i s unclear). Im Gr sw Kirche e ing company, was famous. From the corner of KaJo/Engel- h l S e p Oberau g

e H c A s o Museum für G h u straße, we go through Engelstraße and come to a square, 8. *House “Zum Juden” – later “Zur roten Säule” in 1460, zen lzma gustinerweg Erbprin straße o rk

t w

J B Fa Neue Kunst r

ul - where water comes out of a type of a with a “Star 3 er e Merianstraße 4 . r Wallstra

1 stra 26 ße a

r e ß Amtsgericht i t e b Schnewlin- s of David” and fl ows into one of the numerous brooks. We A Faulerbad i f S

u e Staatsanwalt- f t a - brücke ob Kartäuserstr e n a e ße a K n

h e are standing in front of the new synagogue of the Israelite ß n schaft ße t zu a r Ju a z aße a n gendherbe u r aß rge

B r tr o b t r s

h 3 r t i ns e Granatgässle

community (10). From the entrance of the synagogue, we 1 s n r g en p enst e r

g en ri

r Garte l i e uis II. Modern era a can see the back of the city library, and go through Wai- Pauluskirche n t M L g it M Leo üh g - S te Paulussaal r Wo M senhausgässle to Münsterplatz and get to the Minster (3). - h Community establishments, houses of important persons . L in leb v e - - ss Schre g S Outside and inside the Minster, we fi nd many representa- . in iberstr. 1 t r gs Dreisa B 3 r. n t mst i r raß tions, from which references to Judaism can be recognised. e . e e ß Kronen- a Mariensteg S r Kaiser- c H t brücke h We go around the Minster and get to the Knight’s house s

OLD TOWN OF FREIBURG l brücke Luisensteg w A walk through Jewish Freiburg, compiled K e a

R e r eh 1 r

l m z o in

(Münsterplatz 10); in the 13th century, the house “Zum Ju- gstr 3 ß w H n a B m a ße e a by the Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische

e u tr ße l aße e d n H Ma r ß Schillerstraße s den” (4) stood on this site. 9. Commemorative plaque. Synagogue m tten ns a i tra t st e

raß straß s r [Association for e Zusammenarbeit Freiburg e.V. a e tr ße te . nst a s a N aß t e r e i aß r ed ld t ns from 1870 to its destruction in 1938, Werder- r t ffel e e i n h r t s a e Furthermore, at the Eastern part of the Minster, from n t Christian-Jewish Cooperation Freiburg] s u s H © FWTM 2012 e t ro h lke r eest o c Johanneskirche a All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted

a and Sch ring, today site of the old synagogue, old K F ß G l with the prior permission of FWTM. which we get to Herrenstraße, is the Münsterbauhütte h e Kir rns

H U Wiehre ww w.land-in-sicht.de synagogue, built in 1870. Tu Four rabbis supervised the Jewish commu- (Herrenstraße 32), and in a corner is the plaque for Franz nity of Freiburg: Dr. Adolf Lewin 1885 – 1910; 17. “Zähringer Hof”, where the composer Felix 25. Art Nouveau house by the architect Arthur Levi, 31. Birth place of Robert Grumbach (1875 – 1960), Molt- Sources and literature index Rosenzweig (12). Furthermore, the Latin school (house • Blod, Gabriele (1988): Die Entstehung der israelitischen Gemeinde Freiburg 1849 – 1941 Dr. Max Eschelbacher 1910 – 1912; Dr. Julius Zimels 1913 – Mendelssohn, the grandson of the famous Jewish philoso- Löwenstraße 1. Built in 1908. kestraße 3. Jewish lawyer, social democrat and city coun- 4) (11) was located in Herrenstraße, which was later the [The emergence of the Israelite community of Freiburg 1849 – 1941]. In: Stadt und 1936; Dr. Siegfried Scheuermann 1936 – 1939. All the pher, lodged in 1837, stood until 1863 on the site of “Galeria cil. Became an honorary citizen of the city of Freiburg im Geschichte. Neue Reihe des Stadtarchivs Freiburg [City and history. New series of the city primary school with a classroom for Jewish religious ed- 26. Friedrichsbau, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 268 – archive of Freiburg] 12, Freiburg: published by the city archive. Freiburg rabbis not only had religious training, but had Kau² of”, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 195. Breisgau in 1947. ucation. Diagonally opposite, looking onto the episcopal 270, by the architect Arthur Levi. In the left part • Böhme, Rolf & Haumann, Heiko (1989): Das Schicksal der Freiburger Juden am Beispiel also in general completed a university degree with a des Kaufmanns Max Mayer und die Ereignisse des 9./10. November 1938 [The fate of the ordinariate, we go right onto Herrenstraße and after a few doctoral thesis. Since 2017 a memorial fountain marks the 18. Knopf department store. Built at the of the building, the “Levi building”, the “Fried- 32. Memorial. Forgotten coat with star of David at the Freiburg Jews using the example of the merchant Max Mayer and the events of 9/10 end of the 19th century. Kaiser-Jo- richsbau cinema” was opened in 1910, the staircase to the Wiwilí bridge (“Blue bridge”) across the November 1938]. Stadt und Geschichte, volume 13, Freiburg: Schillinger. steps onto Schusterstraße 27. The prayer hall of the Jewish shape of the old synagogue. • Bräunche, Ernst Otto (1984): Die „Reichskristallnacht“ in Freiburg [The Kristallnacht in community was located here in 1863 (13). Next to it is house seph-Straße 192. Today a new building oldest Freiburg cinema, which still exists today. railway platforms. Reminder of the deportation of around Freiburg], in: Schau-ins-Land 103, Breisgau-Geschichtsverein Schau-ins-Land e.V. [Breisgau 10. New synagogue, on Nußmann- 23 (14), where the merchant family Max Mayer lived with (2013). 375 Freiburg Jews to the Gurs internment camp in the historical society], Freiburg, p. 149 – 160. straße/Engelstraße, built in 1987. 27. University collegiate building I. There has • Brucher-Lembach, Andrea (2004): „… wie Hunde auf ein Stück Brot.“ Die Arisierung und their shop “Mayer leather” (today “Rees leather”). Through 19. “Modern” department store until 1936, been a memorial in the hall since 2005, for South of France. Around 6500 Jews from Baden, Palatinate der Versuch der Wiedergutmachung in Freiburg [“… like dogs leaping at a piece of bread.” the narrow Augustinergasse, we get to Salzstraße 24. Jessy 11. Primary school, Herrenstraße 4, and Saarland were deported on 22 October 1940, in the The Aryanisation and the attempt to make reparations in Freiburg], published by AK Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 208 – 212. The department store was almost 400 university members known by name, Regionalgeschichte [work group for regional history] Freiburg, series Alltag & Provinz Mayer’s family lived here and ran their banking business (today Herrenstraße 6, Medieval Latin owned by the Rawitscher family. who were victims of National Socialism. Edmund fi rst deportation from the German Reich, to the Gurs camp [Everyday & province], volume 12, Bremgarten: Donzelli-Kluckert. (15), see stumbling blocks. On the other side was Music school). From 1876, a class room was provided for Israeli on the edge of the Pyrenees. • Clausing, Kathrin (2005): Leben auf Abruf. Zur Geschichte der Freiburger Juden im Husserl, professor of philosophy. Nationalsozialismus [Life on call. The history of the Freiburg Jews in National Socialism]. shop Liebers (Salzstraße 7), see “stumbling blocks” (16). religious education. 20. Optician Berthold Falkenstein, Publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg, Freiburg: published by the city archive. Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 210. Berthold Falkenstein ran the 28. Butcher’s since 1865, Bertoldstraße 31. The owner Max • Frankenstein, Ruben (2009): Denkmal und Name – Der Gute Ort Freiburg [Memorial and We have reached Kaiser-Joseph-Straße with the Ber- name – the good place of Freiburg]. Publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg, 12. Franz Rosenzweig (1886 – 1929), lived at Herrenstraße optician’s shop until 1938. Mayer sold kosher meat. The butcher’s shop remained in toldsbrunnen again. The hotel “Zähringer Hof” (17) stood NEUBURG Freiburg: published by the city archive. 32 as a student. Historian and philosopher for the Chris- the family until 1938. • Haumann, Heiko & Schadek, Hans [Publishers] (1996): here, where the composer Felix Mendelssohn, the grand- 21. Kosher guesthouse “Zum Geist”, Grünwälderstraße 12 - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis zum „Neuen Stadtrecht“ tian-Jewish dialogue. Commemorative plaque. 32. Lodge house in Röderstraße 4, Jewish freemason’s son of the famous Jewish philosopher, lodged for three since 1809. A guesthouse, which allowed passing Jews to 29. City theatre. Opposite the site of the old synagogue. von 1520 [ of Freiburg. Volume 1: From the beginnings to the “New city 13. Prayer hall (synagogue) 1863 – 1870, Salzstraße 27, in lodge for men, later also women, from 1925 to 1937. law” of 1520]; weeks during his honeymoon. Today “Galeria Kau² of” be provided with kosher food. Leased and owned by Hein- Many Jewish members belonged to the Freiburg ensem- - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 2: Vom Bauernkrieg bis zum Ende der the house of the merchant Ludwig Sturz. 33. (1845 - 1915). Albertstraße 18. Commemo- habsburgischen Herrschaft [History of the city of Freiburg. Volume 2: From the Peasants’ stands on this site. Here we go in the direction of Martin’s rich Weil until 1861, later by his son Max Weil, from 1870 ble. They were dismissed after the season 1933/1934. War to the end of the Habsburg dynasty]; gate, and turn onto Löwenstraße, and reach the architec- 14. House of Max Mayer (1873 – 1962), Schusterstraße 23, kosher butcher’s Leopold Blum. The director of the theatre (1924 – 1933) Dr. Max Krüger rative plaque to the German doctor, serologist and immu- - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 3: Von der badischen Herrschaft bis zur Gegenwart turally interesting Art Nouveau building at Löwenstraße Jewish leather trader, composer. City council (1911 – 1933) in was a pacifi st and social democrat. Due to the Jewish her- nologist. winner for medicine in 1908. [History of the city of Freiburg. Volume 3: From the Baden dynasty to the present], 22. Emil Homburger, lawyer, resistance fi ghter, Kaiser- : Theiss. 1 (25) by the Jewish architect Arthur Levi. Through the the citizen’s committee and theatre committee, member straße 141. The contact between persecuted Jews and help- itage of his wife Camilla Krüger, nee Davidson, he experi- • Haehling von Lanzenauer, Reiner (2005): Gertrud Luckner – Helferin der Bedrängten university courtyard, we get to the collegiate building I of the SPD. Today “Rees leather”. enced reprisals. [Gertrud Luckner – Helper of the oppressed]. In: Reinhold Schneider Blätter. Mitteilungen ers belonged to Gertrud Luckner’s help network. Murdered der Reinhold-Schneider-Gesellschaft [Reinhold Schneider pages. Messages from the of the university (27) with a memorial for the victims of You can fi nd further locations marked in blue (outside of Reinhold Schneider association], magazine 17. Freiburg, p. 35 – 57. 15. Private bank Elias Mayer since 1879, Salzstraße 24. in the Buchenwald concentration camp on 8 April 1945. 30. Sign at the site of the old synagogue. the city centre) on the reverse side. • Lewin, Adolf (1890): Juden in Freiburg i. B. [Jews in ], : Maas. National Socialism in the hall, and before that there is the • Paepcke, Lotte (1972): Ein kleiner Händler, der mein Vater war [A small trader, who was my Today at Friedrichring 28 in other hands. 23. Electrical wholesaler Erich Treifel, Gerberau 7. To commemorate the deportation of 350 Freiburg Jews on round commemorative plaque (9) on the right hand side, 22 October 1940 to Gurs in the Pyrenees. father]. : Salzer. 16. Music shop Liebers until 1938, Salzstraße 7. The music • Schwineköper, Berent & Laubenberger, Franz (1963): Geschichte und Schicksal der on the site of the old synagogue, which was destroyed in 24. “Libanon” boarding house with kosher guesthouse Freiburger Juden. Aus Anlass des 100-jährigen Bestehens der israelitischen Gemeinde 1938. Then, we cross Werthmannstraße, pass between the shop was founded by Max Liebers in 1854. in Freiburg [The history and fate of the Freiburg Jews. On the occasion of 100 years of (date palm house), Gerberau 2. Owner Henny Schmuckler. the Israelite community in Freiburg], Freiburger Stadthefte [Freiburg city magazines] 6, city theatre and the new building of the university library, Freiburg: Rombach. • City archive of Freiburg go through Sedanstraße to Moltkestraße to house 3 (31), 9. Memorial fountain of the old synagogue Stumbling blocks by artist Gunter Demnig the birth place of honorary citizen Robert Grumbach, go 3. Minster, window motifs 10. New synagogue • www.alemannia-judaica.de/freiburg_synagoge_a.htm, called up on 9 April 2015; 21:06. SOFIE BLOCH Photos to Bertoldstraße, past house 31, where there was a kosher NEE WACHENHEIMER • City archive of Freiburg, Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG (FWTM), butcher’s until 1938 (28), and look at the commemorative BORN IN 1898 Detlef Theobald, Janina Kalinnik, Richard Ernst, Ossi W. Pink LIVED HERE sign for “Gurs” (29) on the opposite side of the road, which DEPORTED TO GURS Imprint is currently in a green area. The path leads a short way IN 1940 MURDERED IN Concept and publisher through Bertoldstraße into Universitätsstraße, which was AUSCHWITZ IN 1942 • Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit Freiburg e.V (©2020) called “Judengasse” (1) until the start of the 18th century. • [email protected] | www.gcjz-freiburg.de Editorial, texts and proofreading At the end, we get back to the city hall. • Janina Kalinnik, Richard Ernst, Medea Tenberg, Detlef Theobald, Nicole Noa-Pink, Ossi W. Pink Design and layout • Ulrich Birtel, fi schwerk.de Print • Druckerei Furtwängler, 79211 Denzlingen With the friendly support of • FWTM – Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG • Cultural Offi ce of the City of Freiburg