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Home , Battle of Freiburg, Freiburg (region), Freiburg im Breisgau, Heuweiler, Horben, Lorettoberg

Mooswald Historical chronology

35. Jewish cemetery, Elsässer Straße 35, set up in 1870. & surrounding area B 3 Freiburg & surrounding area Freiburg was founded by the Dukes of Opening of a Jewish guesthouse, which allowed The federal government and states decreed an ( 1808 - 1889) was a German orientalist. In Vörstetten 1809 1120 Zähringen. Shortly after the founding, passing Jews to be provided with kosher food. official immigration regulation for Jews from 1845, he was the first Jew in who heldBuchheim a non- FR-Nord appeared in Freiburg as traders. 1991 the USSR. First Jewish immigrants from the tenured professorship for Oriental languages, against the tob 1846 20 Jews now lived in Freiburg. ah B 294 Benzhausen nz USSR. Today, the Jewish religious community in objections of the university, and in 1861 finally a tenured ub 1218 Takeover of rule by the Counts of Freiburg. ri Cities and communities were given the right Br ng Freiburg has over 730 members. professorshipeisgau in . S He became particularly er -Bahn N -Bahn First mention of Jews in Freiburg or surrounding to issue naturalisation permits themselves. or 1230 well known for the first faithful and complete editionHugs tetof ten e d area. Founding of the liberal community “Gescher”. h 1849 Many professions were still refused to Jews, e.g. u 1998 G“Arabianottenheim Nights” translated from the original text. Hochdorf r eisgau S Today, it has around 50 members. s trades linked to guilds, which was a condition l First indication of Jews settled in Freiburg: Kaiserstuhl Br r Gundel ngen ICE Dr. Adolf Lewin(1843 - 1910), ) was a German Reform rabbi, a mining, grain trading, financiers to the Counts to be able to receive citizenship. K 1281 Setting up of a memorial for the victims of historian and author: g of Freiburg. There was a place of worship 2003 – Geschichte der badischen Juden seit n General law on equality of Jews in . National Socialism amongst the members of u der Regierung Karl Friedrichs: 1738 – 1909 [History of the t (“school”) in Wasserstraße. 2005 h 1862 Resistance from the population, who spoke the . e c ß i Baden Jews since the reign of Charles Frederick: 1738a – r R aldallee The Counts Konrad and Friedrich of Freiburg against the emancipation of Jews in petitions. St sw r o H Laying of “stumbling blocks” to remember the 1909], Juden in Freiburg-im- [Jews in Freiburg im o e Wildtal e M r granted the Freiburg Jews tax exemption for 7 2004 tt m e victims of the Nazi regime. Breisgau] t 5 a 1338 s History of the third Israelite community A n years, and issued the privilege of protection for g n 3 B u n - H h Landwasser M 80 to 100 people. Since the autumn, the Lienhart bakery has a E Flugplatz it Wiehre b l s sä c Brühl . Founding of the liberal “Israelite religious 2011 o s h r ser t supplied and sold kosher bread. t - Mention of a on Weberstraße/ S S Messe u S t community” of Freiburg, at Münsterplatz, today t r 1863 A ra r 36. Former Jewish student association, “Neo Friburgia” e ße Mooswald Freiburg . 1348 Wasserstraße 4: the Jews were not forced to

h Zähringen rear building to Schusterstraße 27. Opening and inauguration of the day care

u fraternity house, Basler Straße 44. r

s settle in a ghetto. l

Ha r 2013 centre “Shalom”, the first educational facility

up 35 a Inauguration of the synagogue on the ramparts 37. of the Knopf family (owner of thets Knopf depart- K tra Eradication of the first Israelite community since 1945. ment store, see 18), Beethovenstraße 8, builtß ein 1927/1928. 1870 on the edge of the Medieval city centre. Setting e of the city. Even before the plague broke out e l up of the Jewish cemetery on Elsässer Straße. l a H in Freiburg in the summer of 1349, after an 38. Liefmann house Goethestraße. 33. a a u Herdern b Botanischer Gift from the property broker Jakob Nelson to Waltershofen d e s 30. unfair trial due to a well poisoning by a Jew, The family converted to theFR- ProtestantMitte a ß b Founding of associations and P a u Garten r the city of Freiburg: properties at Hugerberg, t r the members of the community were burnt on faith, moved from to Freiburg Lehen S g Jan. A B Uniklinik - 45 1914 u Seepark re r e t Klinik für isa e r with the intention that a home for invalids be charities, self-assertion o ch i s 1349 the “Galgen and Rädle Matte” on Basler Straße. and bought the villa in 1894. On 22 Oc- b e e t a Tumorbiologie r r h 47 s t M a erected on these properties. n ra - tober 1940, the siblings Robert, Else and z ß ß Only the twelve richest Jews, pregnant women e n 34 e u Betzenhausen Stühlinger a b f r and children were spared and the children were i e Martha were deported to Gurs. The Ge- n t B 1914 – g Su S Tiergehege e ndg 3 compulsorily baptised. 36 Freiburg Jews fell in the First World War. “Israelite women’s association” was stapo seized the house as headquarters. r au M alle F 1918 1881 i e e ried tt e rich integrated in the municipal welfare work. e ll str. The first stumbling blocks in Freiburg, which remind us of a B 3 Founding of the Jewish agricultural association k History of the second Israelite community St. Nikolaus Haupt- c r L Tuniberg the victims of National Socialism. bahnhof a eopo “Pflug”; building up and maintenance of m ldring Op nger See is g “Breisgauer Loge B’nai B’rith” order from B in Due to the failure of the high taxes generated 1919 – the teaching property “Markenhof” near 1882 – Today, it is the guest house of the University of Freiburg. r e k the tradition of the freemasons; “sister ß c by the Jews, the Emperor once again granted , on the initiative of the wire and - e 1925 1937 a t r t 1360 39. House, Schwimmbadstraße 39, where t bahnhof lodge” for women. s o Münster St. Othettilien privilege of protection for the Jews. New cable manufacturer Konrad Goldmann. It was z l R g A o n lived as a philosophy student at the university, from 1925 u . i t h r r settlement of Jews. seen as a pioneer project. o h t g Op ngen b s r 1884 – to 1926. Hannah Arendt was an important German Jewish A a sc n e h i . Setting up of an Israeli orphan fund. u n E l r b t z t s Schlossberg The city accepted the doctor Gutleben and 1925/ o u w 1920 b 46 s s historian and social historian. Weingarten H b e Rebuilding and expansion of the synagogue. a r n o a h in n l s n g n his sons from with their families la z e h h 1926 ch u r c a c 1373 b M S S 40. Israelite board school for girls with affiliated state e r m r in itt and “servants” as residents, in return for 1884 Loan association. B S g e h Start of National Socialist propaganda against t t e r e . r r Jugend- approved girl’s school, Goethestraße 3, headmistress: Lotte s M correspondingly high fees. e Oberau a i 5 Mooswald Haslach t herberge the Jews: boycott of Jewish shops, lawyers and n te 1933 A W Bernstein, Ida Cohn, from 1911 to 1935. ç 1885/ “Gustav and Dr. Robert Weil foundation o n There was once again a synagogue and approx. doctors. Work ban for Jewish lawyers. n Sc Leo h hre -W Ebnet a ib r. o a erst amst h 1886 for tuberculosis sufferers”. l r. B 31 Dreis Lotte Bernstein was deported to Lublin () on 10 June l le 1385 60 Jewish residents in Freiburg. The community b e b

e Race Laws. Further laws as a result: o Les - t sing S 1942, and murdered a little later in Sobibór. str. t Stadion has its own school master (rabbi) and doctor. 1935 u B 31 r r. Schillerstr. . Jewish school, loss of nationality, etc. “Reading circle” under the chairmanship A st straße B 3 n 40 . arzwald 1887 Eugen-Keidel ne r Schw 41. Lessingschule commemorative plaque. o 42 41 t New beginning and ostracism at the same of the brush manufacturer D. J. Dukas. r s . K l 9/10 November. Destruction of the synagogue; Thermalbad 1 sler Landstr. r Au a a Tiengen tobahn B 3 B t z / t time: Duke Leopold of Austria forced all Jews to ub 3 S Bas 43 Forced classes for Jewish children 1936rin – 1940 from B ler Str. s Höllental rger Landstr. B 31 ge e r r Talstr. Kappler 1394 52 Jewish men arrested, incarcerated in ibu r S le e e wear special clothes: single coloured cloth coats “Mendelssohn Association” – chairman: e FR-Süd ü l h t Titisee 1938 Fr d a c 36 38 Tunnel Freiburg and 11 rural communities – from Müllheim to a 49 n B 31 m a the granary, and deported to the Dachau 1892 r ü ya r and large striped horned skull caps. brush manufacturer Samuel Nelson. ö G B 31 , froml to Villingen. su L concentration camp. e t s a 48 a M St. Georgen New proceedings against the Jews, triggered 42. Dr. GertrudB Luckner, Catholic, pacifist, honorary citi- 39 Deportation of the Jews from Freiburg to the “Association for the promotion of crafts t/ Höllentalbahn r by an incident in Diessenhofen, where a Jew zen of Freiburgo , Kirchstraße 4. As an employee of CARITAS, , South of ; from and technical professions amongst the p 37 Littenweiler “admits” under torture that he killed a Christian 22./23. ir tr. Vauban Waldsee she primarily dedicated herself to border crossing services s . 1942: transports from Gurs to Auschwitz. In Israelites” at the instigation of the then A d r o n t 1401 child. The Freiburg council had the Jews r S Oct. Munzingen u a community leader B. Dukas and under for Jews. Imprisoned by the in 1943, she survived L r Freiburg, 450 people were affected by the 1890 E r St. Barbara e e ICE arrested. Duke Leopold of Austria prevented g l s 1940 s Jesuiten- the chairmanship of Heinrich Rosin. From n u the Ravensbrück concentration camp. After the war, she a deportation to Gurs; 71 people remained u a t B schloß Günterstal Brombergkopf an imminent for a corresponding h h B 3 1902, it supported an apprentice home dedicatedc herself to reconciliation and the Christian-Jew- z behind. i r 44 St. Valentin settlement payment. Expulsion of the Jews R e ish dialogue. founded in Karlsruhe. M from Freiburg. 1942 – t.de e Deportation to Theresienstadt. 43. Annaplatz. Memorial plaque at the assembly point in h - si c 1945 Kappel - “Workers health insurance association Luisenhöhe sicht.d Right to reside and trade licence for individual Wiehre for deportation to Gurs. bahn Schauinsland1411 -in 1890 Schönberg © FWTM 2012 © FWTM 2012 Jews for correspondingly high fees. and funeral insurance society”.

All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted .land-in- All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted .lan d Mengen Au with the prior permission of FWTM. with the prior permission of FWTM. History of the fourth Israelite community www Expulsion of the Jews from Freiburg by King 1424 ww w Founding of the Jewish agricultural Sigismund. Return of 5 Jews to Freiburg. Out of 1,138 Jewish association “Pflug”; building up and GÜNTERSTAL maintenance of the teaching property ZÄHRINGEN St. GEORGEN All Freiburg citizens were forbidden to deal with Freiburg residents, at least 314 lost their lives. 1919 – Sept. First Jewish worship service in the historical “Markenhof” near Kirchzarten, on 44. “Bad Rebhaus” Sana- and trade with Jews. Jews that visited the city 45. “Herdern” pharmacy, Habsburgerstraße 59 48. New Jewish cemetery in St. Georgen, Tiengener 1520 1945 department store . Founding of the 1925 the initiative of the wire and cable torium with spa complex could only move within it when paying to be The owner of the pharmacy was Julius Friedberger. Straße, next to the general cemetery St. Georgen. “Israelite State Community ”. manufacturer Konrad Goldmann. It was at Wonnhalde, from 1891 to accompanied by a council servant. He died in the Dachau concentration camp in 1938. seen as a pioneer project. 1933. Its founder was Dr. Max In spite of a settlement ban, the city had to 1946 Community space at Hansjakobstraße 8. Daniel Lasker. 1700 – allow the army suppliers Oppenheimer and Founding of the “Reich Federation of 2. Weberstraße/Wasserstraße residential quarter The lawyer Robert became an 1919 1732 Sintzonheim to open branch offices in the city, 1947 Jewish Front Soldiers” RjF. During the 1st World War, on the Sickingen plan honorary citizen. Bad Rebhaus was used as a STÜHLINGER at the demand of the Duchy. Move to Holbeinstraße 25, Football group “Sport group shield military hospital. 46. Hebelschule, Eschholzstraße/Engelbergerstraße 2 Tolerance edict, Joseph II granted free 1953 1925 settlement in the cities, freedom of school and setting up of a prayer room. Freiburg”. Bad Rebhaus was very popular with its guests. Apart from (entrance via the side entrance at Eschholzstraße). 1782 many other famous personalities, Else Lasker-Schüler, an At the main entrance: memorial plaque to remember the profession as far as possible. Equality between Commemorative plaque put up at the site of deportation of Baden, and Jews on 22 citizens. the old synagogue, where a commemoration important German speaking author, often visited. 1961 and 23 October 1940 by the Nazis. First conferral of doctorate (medicine) of the for the victims of now takes place Today, the municipal homeless shelter, the residence for 1791 Jew Semion Hochheimer at the University of annually. people with disabilities and the large hall of the 47. . Friedrich Bloch bakery until 1938, Colmarer Straße 8 Freiburg. former restaurant, and today’s forestry science research (formerly Breisacher Straße 15). Master baker Block was Laying of the foundations for the new 1985 institute are housed here. deported to Gurs in 1940, and murdered in 1942 at the age From The Jews were granted free access to Freiburg, synagogue at Nußmannstraße/Engelstraße. of 54 1806 as well as a temporary residence in the city. 1987 Inauguration of the synagogue.

49. Residence of Prof. Husserl, Lorettostraße 40 15. Former private bank Elias Mayer 24. Former “Libanon” guesthouse 29. Commemorative sign at the site of the old synagogue 35. Old Jewish cemetery 39. Schwimmbadstraße 39 e Alter Friedhof r a K r R t he s inst l raße r a K s e tr ß aß a e r e t e f H s ß . ß o Places, memorials and l o a c r a h e r r m h t e l 7 t t is b s s te e e L r n u t st b S d ra H e w Landratsamt d ße e n ig a Freiburg city centre H i . r s t r r tr F t aß S commemorative plaques a s e ri e e e h n ß Planetarium d e t r a a i a i g r c ß e h r t s K a r ls ß tr e r l a . t f e r e Ka M s u th r o T t ß ar s in e I. and Early Modern Period a B enh h b o r B m r 3 f d 33 e Tour of t e r a s Me ö s nh L r ri d a u t r anh R rd dw n e of ö b str e ig R . ß u g a str (*acc. to archive) in Fr a r aß G e z ied t e ß t ric -S a n hr H t r Fahnen- in e t e g d s W R ß r a osa bergpl. Sieges- a a r stra 22 r h e Haupt- ß t Altstadt FREIBURG a e s k ß l e hring l c a K iedric F r r r e Fr r denkmal t bahnhof l 15 ie a u s e K B t rst l d - Stadt- r e ra r L b a ß ß a e i a e W c e o z tr e e 1. *Judengasse until approx. 1708, from then Universi- ß be h o c garten o rs Jewish k a ß rs r p a e r t i J M r a r n o c t a e r ß s Colombipark W e g l t t d r t a n tätsstraße (between Bertoldstraße and Franziskanerplatz). s s U ss r i i nt e i a o er rs . n W b lin tr P Archäologisches g de aß g m n Herz-Jesu-Kirche m Eis aße e e o n austr n l s ba Museum i R 2. *Residential quarter around 1281 – 1424 at Wasser- i hn o r S s C e tra k ch s ße c iff Karlsplatz B s Colombi- Ga str N straße/Weberstraße. Synagogue with administration, a e u 8 aß uß G t ch Merianstr e m - t an s schlössle n A z st 2 str u t Er S h o Rathaus raß a f a as chlossber presumably a ritual immersion bath (mikveh) and a dance c e ße de l m mobilé a R Tu Karto el- r p us Freiburg S E Z s s Stühlinger- - Hauptpost rm n in l tr A walk through Jewish Freiburg g n r a s Am st e en ße hall. It has been proved that overall, there were ten Jewish platz n raß markt lst . a a e r. K H Schwarzen F gbahn Ra ranzisk m e Bus- th aner M 10 A Schlossberg- houses in this quarter. From 1385, there is evidence of the ß a str e arkt öber-Str a Kloster u aß We start at the tourist information, which is located r sg e ß t bahnhof a gasse Gr restaurant s ss a H existence of a synagogue on the South West corner of We- r e r C.- er e 1 Martinskirche t ma in the city hall. We go diagonally to from the city g 18 nn Dattler n H B S st i 32 e - raß z rto Alte Rathausplatz Münst Münsterplatz e berstraße/Raustraße. At the time, 60 Jewish inhabitants t Konzerthaus ld h hall, past the Franciscan monastery and the St. Martins n str p e aß Universität e erstr Freiburg e Münster e were counted in Freiburg, including a Jewish schoolmaster W Konrad- s . , and enter Franziskanerstraße. Then, we cross 31 19 o 3 ß 28 Uniseum J a Adenauer- Bursen- - r (rabbi) and a doctor. r . t Altstadt g Kaiser-Joseph-Straße (KaJo) and go left along KaJo, to the Platz 20 e s Stadttheater Bertolds gang is n in Se traße a isenstr e Konviktskirche r danstr 29 E r corner of KaJo/Engelstraße. Many Jews settled near to the 3. Minster. Contains a multitude of Jewish illustrations. aße K 4 12 r g e r Schlossbergturm Platz N Sch 13 11 30 9 ie Bertolds- 17 us H Sc 5 e then synagogue (2) in Wasserstraße and Weberstraße, m ter Museum hofe b e der Alten en e str 14 rstra 4. *House “Zum Juden”, Münsterplatz 10. Today, the ß ss ß brunnen aß ße s a Synagoge t a e für Stadt- Erzb. s r r. r next to “Große Gass” (Marktstraße), which was renamed . t t s s o r s l e geschichte “Knight’s house” stands here. e KG II t 16 Ordinariat Schlossberg t k ß ä M t e ü h l t S n “Kaiser-Joseph-Straße” at the end of the 18th century. s a rsi a zg c o r e lz ass t s e n ß v tr i M s i G aß S h Universität n r e 5. * House “Zum Roten Juden” (part of the Schutterhof in l a 25 ü e c n Wasserstraße und Weberstraße, which are separated by e e U w l ä ß i r l ß d 15 Be er S a w a lfo t t r rt M 6 27 ra r s ß traße Löw e t t en stra e s the 15th century). Corner of Schoferstraße/Münzgasse. e s ß Bismarck- a perfume and cosmetics shop, is diagonally opposite to- s 21 Augustiner- t r

k

n i e n KG I l v denkmal h d KG III museum O n day’s Karstadt building. Today, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße is the n A Martinstor Augustiner- b 6. University, collegiate building I. Site of the university c e o a 23 Industrie- K S W rl G raße platz in shopping street and promenade of Freiburg. At the end re il tst Gerberau th h d d m l G 3. The seal of the university provides proof of Jewish life u. Handels- e e R KG IV e e r Karl- o r n st lm e Metzger 24 b m b ra h e of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, it kammer ß s pa Rahner- au ra Kanonen- (Jewish scribes recognisable by the “horned skull caps”). e t t rt m Fischerau Natur- u r Allee- s u a r tr An der e ß a Platz H Grei enegg- platz ß ß was full of Jewish shops, practices and offices. The Knopf e e Garten e Mehlw museum aage a Ade Schwabentor schlössle n r lhau 7. *House “Zum Judenberg” (district of Neuburg, location W s ü t er S department store (18), the important South German trad- r G traße Adelhauser l G a S c - In i s unclear). Im s Kirche e ing company, was famous. From the corner of KaJo/Engel- w h l S e p Oberau g

e H c A s o Museum für G h u straße, we go through Engelstraße and come to a square, 8. *House “Zum Juden” – later “Zur roten Säule” in 1460, inzen lzma gustinerweg Erbpr straße o rk

t w

J B Fa Neue Kunst r

ul - where water comes out of a type of a fountain with a “Star 3 e e Merianstraße 4 . r r Wallstra

1 st 26 ße a r r

a e ß Amtsgericht i b t e Schnewlin- s of David” and flows into one of the numerous brooks. We A Faulerbad i f S

u e Staatsanwalt- f t a - brücke ob Kartäuserst e r n a e ße a K e n

h e are standing in front of the new synagogue of the Israelite ß n e schaft ß t zu a ß ß r J z a n ug a end a r herb u r e a rge r o t

B t b t r s s s h 3 r t i n e Granatgässle

community (10). From the entrance of the synagogue, we 1 n s n r te n g e r e n p r e a s i i g e r

r G l D i e u

II. Modern era a h can see the back of the city library, and go through Wai- r Pauluskirche n L t eisamM g it M Leo ü g - S te Paulussaal r Wo M senhausgässle to Münsterplatz and get to the Minster (3). - h Community establishments, houses of important persons . L in leb v e - - ss Schre g S Outside and inside the Minster, we find many representa- . in iberstr. 1 t r gs Dreisa B 3 r. n t mst i r raß tions, from which references to Judaism can be recognised. e . e e ß Kronen- a Mariensteg S r Kaiser- c H t brücke h We go around the Minster and get to the Knight’s house s

OLD TOWN OF FREIBURG l brücke Luisensteg w A walk through Jewish Freiburg, compiled K e a

R e r eh 1 r

l m z o in

(Münsterplatz 10); in the 13th century, the house “Zum Ju- gstr e 3 ß w H n a B m a e ß e e ß a t.de r by the Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische

e u

ß t h ß l a e d

n s

H a M r a ß traße s lers r a Schil r m n 9. Commemorative plaque. Synagogue tte t si c den” (4) stood on this site. t a i n e t t st s e r r s a s r e [Association for ß e Zusammenarbeit Freiburg e.V. ß a e t l ß t . n a s ß

a -in - N a e s t r d e f e i a r e l t n from 1870 to its destruction in 1938, Werder- d r t f e e t i n h t s r e a s e Furthermore, at the Eastern part of the Minster, from n t Christian-Jewish Cooperation Freiburg] u s H © FWTM 2012 d k

s o e h e l t h .lan d r n c r e o c Johanneskirche a All rights reserved. Reproduction only permitted s a r a S ring, today site of the old synagogue, old K F ß G i l n with the prior permission of FWTM. which we get to Herrenstraße, is the Münsterbauhütte h e K r

u H U Wiehre ww w synagogue, built in 1870. T Four rabbis supervised the Jewish commu- (Herrenstraße 32), and in a corner is the plaque for Franz nity of Freiburg: Dr. Adolf Lewin 1885 – 1910; 17. Hotel “Zähringer Hof”, where the composer Felix 25. Art Nouveau house by the architect Arthur Levi, 31. Birth place of Robert Grumbach (1875 – 1960), Molt- Sources and literature index Rosenzweig (12). Furthermore, the school (house • Blod, Gabriele (1988): Die Entstehung der israelitischen Gemeinde Freiburg 1849 – 1941 Dr. Max Eschelbacher 1910 – 1912; Dr. Julius Zimels 1913 – Mendelssohn, the grandson of the famous Jewish philoso- Löwenstraße 1. Built in 1908. kestraße 3. Jewish lawyer, social democrat and city coun- 4) (11) was located in Herrenstraße, which was later the [The emergence of the Israelite community of Freiburg 1849 – 1941]. In: Stadt und 1936; Dr. Siegfried Scheuermann 1936 – 1939. All the pher, lodged in 1837, stood until 1863 on the site of “Galeria cil. Became an honorary citizen of the city of Freiburg im Geschichte. Neue Reihe des Stadtarchivs Freiburg [City and history. New series of the city primary school with a classroom for Jewish religious ed- 26. Friedrichsbau, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 268 archive of Freiburg] 12, Freiburg: published by the city archive. Freiburg rabbis not only had religious training, but had Kaufhof”, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 195. Breisgau in 1947. ucation. Diagonally opposite, looking onto the episcopal – 270, by the architect Arthur Levi. In the left • Böhme, Rolf & Haumann, Heiko (1989): Das Schicksal der Freiburger Juden am Beispiel also in general completed a university degree with a des Kaufmanns Max Mayer und die Ereignisse des 9./10. November 1938 [The fate of the ordinariate, we go right onto Herrenstraße and after a few doctoral thesis. 18. Knopf department store. Built at the part of the building, the “Levi building”, the 32. Memorial. Forgotten coat with star of David at the Freiburg Jews using the example of the merchant Max Mayer and the events of 9/10 steps onto Schusterstraße 27. The prayer hall of the Jewish end of the 19th century. Kaiser-Jo- “Friedrichsbau cinema” was opened in 1910, staircase to the Wiwilí bridge (“Blue bridge”) across the November 1938]. Stadt und Geschichte, volume 13, Freiburg: Schillinger. 10. New synagogue, on Nußmann- • Bräunche, Ernst Otto (1984): Die „Reichskristallnacht“ in Freiburg [The Kristallnacht in community was located here in 1863 (13). Next to it is house seph-Straße 192. Today a new building the oldest Freiburg cinema, which still exists railway platforms. Reminder of the deportation of around Freiburg], in: Schau-ins-Land 103, Breisgau-Geschichtsverein Schau-ins-Land e.V. [Breisgau straße/Engelstraße, built in 1987. (2013). today. 375 Freiburg Jews to the Gurs internment camp in the historical society], Freiburg, p. 149 – 160. 23 (14), where the merchant family Max Mayer lived with • Brucher-Lembach, Andrea (2004): „… wie Hunde auf ein Stück Brot.“ Die Arisierung und their shop “Mayer leather” (today “Rees leather”). Through 11. Primary school, Herrenstraße 4, 19. “Modern” department store until 1936, 27. University collegiate building I. There has South of France. Around 6500 Jews from Baden, Palatinate der Versuch der Wiedergutmachung in Freiburg [“… like dogs leaping at a piece of bread.” the narrow Augustinergasse, we get to Salzstraße 24. Jessy (today Herrenstraße 6, Medieval Latin and Saarland were deported on 22 October 1940, in the The Aryanisation and the attempt to make reparations in Freiburg], published by AK Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 208 – 212. The department store was been a memorial in the hall since 2005, for Regionalgeschichte [work group for regional history] Freiburg, series Alltag & Provinz Mayer’s family lived here and ran their banking business school). From 1876, a class room was provided for Israeli first deportation from the , to the Gurs camp [Everyday & province], volume 12, Bremgarten: Donzelli-Kluckert. owned by the Rawitscher family. almost 400 university members known by name, • Clausing, Kathrin (2005): Leben auf Abruf. Zur Geschichte der Freiburger Juden im (15), see stumbling blocks. On the other side was Music religious education. on the edge of the Pyrenees. Nationalsozialismus [Life on call. The history of the Freiburg Jews in National Socialism]. 20. Optician Berthold Falkenstein, who were victims of National Socialism. Edmund shop Liebers (Salzstraße 7), see “stumbling blocks” (16). Husserl, professor of philosophy. Publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg, Freiburg: published by the city 12. Franz Rosenzweig (1886 – 1929), lived at Herrenstraße Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 210. Berthold Falkenstein ran the archive. We have reached Kaiser-Joseph-Straße with the Ber- • Frankenstein, Ruben (2009): Denkmal und Name – Der Gute Ort Freiburg [Memorial and 32 as a student. Historian and philosopher for the Chris- optician’s shop until 1938. 28. Butcher’s since 1865, Bertoldstraße 31. The owner Max toldsbrunnen again. The hotel “Zähringer Hof” (17) stood NEUBURG name – the good place of Freiburg]. Publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg, tian-Jewish dialogue. Commemorative plaque. Mayer sold kosher meat. The butcher’s shop remained in Freiburg: published by the city archive. here, where the composer Felix Mendelssohn, the grand- 21. Kosher guesthouse “Zum Geist”, Grünwälderstraße 12 • Haumann, Heiko & Schadek, Hans [Publishers] (1996): the family until 1938. 33. Lodge house in Röderstraße 4, Jewish freemason’s son of the famous Jewish philosopher, lodged for three 13. Prayer hall (synagogue) 1863 – 1870, Salzstraße 27, in since 1809. A guesthouse, which allowed passing Jews to - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 1: Von den Anfängen bis zum „Neuen Stadtrecht“ the house of the merchant Ludwig Sturz. lodge for men, later also women, from 1925 to 1937. von 1520 [History of the city of Freiburg. Volume 1: From the beginnings to the “New city weeks during his honeymoon. Today “Galeria Kaufhof” be provided with kosher food. Leased and owned by Hein- 29. Sign at the site of the old synagogue. To commemo- law” of 1520]; 34. (1845 - 1915). Albertstraße 18. Commemo- - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 2: Vom Bauernkrieg bis zum Ende der stands on this site. Here we go in the direction of Martin’s 14. House of Max Mayer (1873 – 1962), Schusterstraße 23, rich Weil until 1861, later by his son Max Weil, from 1870 rate the deportation of 350 Freiburg Jews on 22 October habsburgischen Herrschaft [History of the city of Freiburg. Volume 2: From the Peasants’ gate, and turn onto Löwenstraße, and reach the architec- Jewish leather trader, composer. City council (1911 – 1933) in kosher butcher’s Leopold Blum. 1940 to Gurs in the Pyrenees. rative plaque to the German doctor, serologist and immu- War to the end of the Habsburg dynasty]; turally interesting Art Nouveau building at Löwenstraße the citizen’s committee and theatre committee, member nologist. winner for medicine in 1908. - Geschichte der Stadt Freiburg. Band 3: Von der badischen Herrschaft bis zur Gegenwart 22. Emil Homburger, lawyer, resistance fighter, Kaiser- 30. City theatre. Opposite the site of the old synagogue. [History of the city of Freiburg. Volume 3: From the Baden dynasty to the present], 1 (25) by the Jewish architect Arthur Levi. Through the of the SPD. Today “Rees leather”. straße 141. The contact between persecuted Jews and help- Many Jewish members belonged to the Freiburg ensem- : Theiss. university courtyard, we get to the collegiate building I • Haehling von Lanzenauer, Reiner (2005): Gertrud Luckner – Helferin der Bedrängten 15. Private bank Elias Mayer since 1879, Salzstraße 24. ers belonged to Gertrud Luckner’s help network. Murdered ble. They were dismissed after the season 1933/1934. [Gertrud Luckner – Helper of the oppressed]. In: Reinhold Blätter. Mitteilungen of the university (27) with a memorial for the victims of You can find further locations marked in blue (outside of der Reinhold-Schneider-Gesellschaft [Reinhold Schneider pages. Messages from the Today at Friedrichring 28 in other hands. in the Buchenwald concentration camp on 8 April 1945. The director of the theatre (1924 – 1933) Dr. Max Krüger the city centre) on the reverse side. Reinhold Schneider association], magazine 17. Freiburg, p. 35 – 57. National Socialism in the hall, and before that there is the was a pacifist and social democrat. Due to the Jewish her- • Lewin, Adolf (1890): Juden in Freiburg i. B. [Jews in ], : Maas. 16. Music shop Liebers until 1938, Salzstraße 7. The music 23. Electrical wholesaler Erich Treifel, Gerberau 7. • Paepcke, Lotte (1972): Ein kleiner Händler, der mein Vater war [A small trader, who was my round commemorative plaque (9) on the right hand side, itage of his wife Camilla Krüger, nee Davidson, he experi- shop was founded by Max Liebers in 1854. father]. : Salzer. on the site of the old synagogue, which was destroyed in 24. “Libanon” boarding house with kosher guesthouse enced reprisals. • Schwineköper, Berent & Laubenberger, Franz (1963): Geschichte und Schicksal der 1938. Then, we cross Werthmannstraße, pass between the Freiburger Juden. Aus Anlass des 100-jährigen Bestehens der israelitischen Gemeinde (date palm house), Gerberau 2. Owner Henny Schmuckler. in Freiburg [The history and fate of the Freiburg Jews. On the occasion of 100 years of city theatre and the new building of the university library, the Israelite community in Freiburg], Freiburger Stadthefte [Freiburg city magazines] 6, Freiburg: Rombach. go through Sedanstraße to Moltkestraße to house 3 (31), 3. Minster, the “synagogue” figurine in the main entrance Stumbling blocks by artist Gunter Demnig the birth place of honorary citizen Robert Grumbach, go 3. Minster, window motifs 10. New synagogue • City archive of Freiburg SOFIE BLOCH • www.alemannia-judaica.de/freiburg_synagoge_a.htm, called up on 9 April 2015; 21:06. to Bertoldstraße, past house 31, where there was a kosher NEE WACHENHEIMER Photos butcher’s until 1938 (28), and look at the commemorative BORN IN 1898 • City archive of Freiburg, Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG (FWTM), LIVED HERE Detlef Theobald, Janina Kalinnik sign for “Gurs” (29) on the opposite side of the road, which DEPORTED TO GURS is currently in a green area. The path leads a short way IN 1940 MURDERED IN Imprint through Bertoldstraße into Universitätsstraße, which was AUSCHWITZ IN 1942 Concept and publisher • Gesellschaft für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit Freiburg e.V. called “Judengasse” (1) until the start of the 18th century. • [email protected] | www.gcjz-freiburg.de At the end, we get back to the city hall. Editorial, texts and proofreading • Janina Kalinnik, Richard Ernst, Medea Tenberg, Detlef Theobald, Nicole Noa-Pink, Ossi W. Pink Design and layout • Ulrich Birtel, fischwerk.de With the friendly support of • FWTM – Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG • Cultural Office of the City of Freiburg

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