Das Prognosesystem Qimen Dunjia

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Das Prognosesystem Qimen Dunjia Titel: Kognitive Divinationskünste im Kaiserlichen China: das Prognosesystem Qimen Dunjia zum Erreichen des Doktorgrades eingereicht im Fachbereich Sinologie FB Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin im Feburar, 2012 vorgelegt von Alejandro Peñataro Sánchez aus Alicante (Spanien) Tag der Disputation: 10. Juli 2012 1. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. phil. Dr. phil. habil. Dr. med. habil. M.P.H. Paul U. Unschuld 2. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Klaus Mühlhahn 2 Widmung und Danksagung: A mi amor y toda mi familia, con cariño, a todos los que somos, los que nos dejaron su legado y los que vendrán. 奉獻給鐘義明及李貢銘 I dedicate this dissertation to all those persons who throughout my life have helped me and honored me with their friendships. 3 Kognitive Divinationskünste im Kaiserlichen China: das Prognosesystem Qimen Dunjia Inhaltverzeichnis Liste der Abbildungen und Tabellen, S. 7 I. Einführende Bemerkungen zum allgemeinen historischen Kontexts, S. 10 II. Einführende Betrachtungen zum konzeptuellen Fundament, S. 16 III. Zur Konzeption und Präsentation der Forschung, S. 20 IV. Bestimmung der Haupthypothesen der Untersuchung, S. 24 1. Grundlegende Konzeptionen, S. 26 1.1 Prognoseerstellung im chinesichen Altertum, S. 26 1.2 Prognosestellung und Entscheidungsfindung als Grundlage erfolgreichen Handelns, S. 32 1.3 Die Rolle der Weissagung im chinesischen Kriegswesen, S. 33 2. Versuch einer Definition des Qimen Dunjia, S. 37 2.1 Die Ausgangslage einer Definition, S. 37 2.2 Etymologische Herleitungen anhand der Referenzliteratur, S. 39 2.3 Grundlegende Rahmenkonzepte, S. 42 2.4 Etymologische Erläuterungen aus der Sicht der Fachliteratur, S. 44 2.5 Weitere historische Darstellungen des Qimen Dunjia, S. 47 3. Die unterschiedlichen Typen des Qimen Dunjia, S. 50 3.1 Die Unterscheidung zwischen Shu Qimen und Fa Qimen Dunjia, S. 52 4. Die bibliographische Geschichte, S. 55 4.1 Die offizielle Entstehungsgeschichte, S. 55 4.1.1 Probleme dieser Version der Überlieferung des Qimen Dunjia, S. 57 4.1.2 Die Version von Zhuge Liang, S. 60 4.2 Qimen Dunjia in der Fachliteratur, S. 63 4.2.1 Das Problem der Belegstelle bei Sunzi, S. 63 4.2.2 Von der Han-Dynastie bis zur Periode der Fünf Kaiserreiche, S. 65 4.2.3 Die Tang Dynastie, S. 70 4.2.4 Die Song Dynastie, S. 75 4.2.5 Die Ming Dynastie, S. 80 4.2.6 Die Qing Dynastie, S. 83 4.2.7 Die Zeit von 1911 bis in die Gegenwart, S. 84 4 5. Grundlegende Prinzipien, S. 86 5.1 Die neokonfuzianischen Ideen li 理, qi 氣 und shu 數, S. 86 5.2 Die grundlegende Theorie der Divination zhanbu yuanli 占卜的原理, S. 89 5.3 Die Theorien des Yin-Yang 陰陽學 und des wuxing 五行學, S. 92 5.3.1 Die philosophischen Hintergründe, S. 92 5.3.2 Die Theorie des yin-yang und die 24 klimatischen Perioden ershisi jieqi 二十四節氣, S. 97 5.3.3 Die Theorie der Fünf Wandlungsphasen, S. 100 5.4. Der Sechzigstellige Zyklus und der Kalender, S. 103 5.5 Das magische Quadrat Jiugong 九宮 und das System des Yiying, S. 107 6. Die speziellen Elemente des Qimen Dunjia, S. 113 6.1 Die Tafeln pan 盤 und die Charts ju 局, S. 113 6.2 Die Elemente einer Qimen-Dunja-Tafel, S. 119 6.3 Die Neun Sterne jiuxing 九星, S. 120 6.4 Die 8 Tore bamen 八門, S. 122 6.5 Die 8 Geister -Bewusstseinsformen bashen 八神, S. 123 7. Erstellung einer Qimen-Dunjia-Tafel, S. 124 7.1 Bestimmung der Tafelnummer für die zugehörige Zeiteinheit: Die vier Schichten der Zeit, S. 125 7.1.1 Die Jahrestafel, S. 126 7.1.2 Die Monatstafel, S. 128 7.1.3 Die Tagestafel, S. 130 7.1.4 Die Tafel der Doppelstunden, S. 134 7.2 Aufstellung der Erdtafel, S. 138 7.3 Die Erstellung der Himmelstafel, S. 139 7.3.1 Terminologische Anmerkung 1: Das Symbol der Führung zhifu 值符, S. 139 7.3.2 Terminologische Anmerkung 2: Der aktive Himmelsstamm yonggan 用干, S. 140 7.3.3 Erstellung der Himmelstafel, S. 141 7.4 Erstellung der Sternentafel, S. 145 7.4.1. Die Rotationsmethode zhuanpaibu 轉排佈, S. 147 7.4.2. Die Methode der Fliegenden Sterne feixing 飛星, S. 148 7.5 Die Aufstellung der Tafel der Tore, S. 150 7.6 Aufstellung der Tafel der Bewusstseinsformen, S. 152 7.7 Ausnahmen und schwierige Berechnungsfälle, S. 154 7.7.1 Die Methode der Verschiebung auf den Palast kun, S. 154 7.7.2 Die Methode der Verschiebung anhand der 24 Klimaperioden, S. 155 8. Fa Qimen: Das Qimen der Weisungen 法奇門, S. 156 5 9. Interpretation und Theorie der Prognose im historischen Vergleich: Einleitende Bemerkungen, S. 160 9.1. Die interpretatorischen Ansätze in Qimen Dunjia, S. 161 9.1.1 Das Interpretationskonzept von Gastgeber zhu 主 und Besucher ke 客, S. 163 9.1.2 Die „Typologie der Erscheinung“ xianglei 象類, S. 165 9.1.2.1 Die Typologie der Erscheinung der zehn Himmelstämme shigan xianglei 十干象類, S. 166 9.1.2.2 Die Typologie der Erscheinung der acht Tore bamen xianglei 八門象類, S. 176 9.1.2.3 Die Typologie der Erscheinung der neun Sterne jiuxing xianglei 九星象類, S. 184 9.1.2.3 Die Typologie der Erscheinung der acht Bewusstseinsformen bashen xianglei 八神象類 S. 193 9.1.3 Herrschaftsbereiche der Neun Sterne jiuxing suozhu 九星所主, S. 201 9.1.4 Herrschaftsbereiche der Acht Tore bamen suozhu 八門所主, S. 203 9.1.5 Interpretation der Interaktionen, S. 203 9.1.5.1 Stille Interaktionen, S. 203 9.1.5.2 Beispiele von Interpretationsmustern der Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Himmelsstämmen von Himmels- und Erdtafel, S. 204 9.1.5.3. Bewegungsinteraktionen, S. 207 9.1.5.4 Beispiele für die Interaktionen der Neun Sterne mit den 12 aktiven Erdzweigen, S. 210 9.2 Themenspezifische Prognosemuster, S. 212 9.2.1 Themenspezifische Prognosemuster: Heiratsprognose zhan hunyin 占婚姻, S. 217 9.2.2 Themenspezifische Prognosemuster: Prognose bei Gerichtverfahren zhan cisong 占詞訟, S. 219 9.2.3 Themenspezifische Interpretationsmuster: Prognose beim Zusammenschluss [einer geschäftliche Partnerschaft] zum Streben nach Reichtum zhan hehuo qiucai 占合夥求財, S. 221 9.2.4 Themenspezifische Interpretationsmuster: Geschäftsabschlüsse zhanjiaoyi 占交易, S. 222 9.2.5 Themenspezifische Prognosemuster: Erwerb von Grundbesitz zhanmai fangwu 占買房屋 S.223 10. Ergebnisse, S. 225 11. Bibliographie, S. 229 12. Glossar, S. 238 Supplement: Englische Zusammenfassung / Abstract, S. 258 Curriculum Vitae S. 273 6 Liste der Abbildungen: Abbildung 1. Traditionelle Darstellung der Drei Wirkkräfte oder Potentiale sancai 三才 Abbildung 2. Rekonstruktion des Seidenmanuskripts nach Barnard Abbildung 3. Facsimile-Reproduktion der Tafel der [kosmologischen] “Sechs Yang-Wasser”-Formeln Liuren shipan 六壬式盤 nach Unschuld Abbildung 4. Diagramm der Neun Paläste jiugongtu 九宮圖 aus Mawangdui Abbildung 5. Diagramm des Yinyang und der Fünf Phasen yinyang wuxing 陰陽五行 mit Neun Palästen und 28 Mondkonstellationen; Einteilung aus Mawangdui Abbildung 6. Rekonstruktion der Qimen-Dunjia-Tafel der Angriffszeit von Kong Ming. Abbildung 7. Darstellung der Paläste auf die Handfläche nach Zhang Chongjun 張崇俊 Abbildung 8. Beispiel von den Qimen Dunjia Tafel nach Zhuge Liang Abbildung 9. Graphische Darstellung des Wachstums von Yin und Yang in vier Phasen, die vier Bilder Abbildung 10. Traditionelle Darstellung des Wachstums von Yin und Yang Abbildung 11. Darstellung der Unterteilungen und Kombinationen von Yin und Yang Abbildung 12. Darstellung der Kombinationen von Yin und Yang zum Aufbau der 64 Hexagrame Abbildung 13. Graphische Darstellung des Wachstums von Yin und Yang und die 24 klimatischen Qi Abbildung 14. Graphische Darstellung der fünften Wandlungsphase Erde innerhalb des Wachstums von Yin und Yang Abbildung 15. Traditionelle Darstellung der Interaktionen der Fünf Wandlungsphasen: durch den Kreis werden die Beziehungen von gegenseitiger Erzeugung gezeigt und durch das Pentagram die Beziehungen von gegenseitiger Überwindung Abbildung 16. Das Hetu 河圖 auch matu 馬圖 gennant, und das Luoshu 洛書, auch guishu 龜 書 genannt Abbildung 17. Das Hetu 河圖 und das Luoshu 洛書 nach Liu ji 劉基 Abbildung 18. Graphische Darstellung der Neun Paläste mit den entsprechenden Asoziationen zu den Trigrammen, Wandlungsphasen und Himmelsrichtungen Abbildung 19. Die 24 klimatischen Qi auf die neun Paläste verteilt. Abbildung 20. Darstellung des Wachstums von Yin und Yang, die 8 Triagrame und die Einteilungen der 24 klimatischen Qi Abbildung 21. Der „Flug der [durch die] Paläste“ feigong 飛宮 im Uhrzeigersinn shunfei 順飛 Abbildung 22. Der „Flug der [durch die] Paläste“ feigong 飛宮 gegen den Uhrzeigersinn nifei 逆飛 Abbildung 23. Alle Elemente der Qimen-Dunjia-Tafel Abbildung 24. Die neun Sterne des Nordscheffels Abbildung 25. Die grundlegenden Positionen der neun Sterne in den neun Palästen Abbildung 26. Die grundlegenden Positionen der acht Tore in den neun Palästen Abbildung 27. Die gründlegende Positionen der acht Geister in die neuen Paläste Abbildung 28. Die 24 klimatischen Qi auf die neun Paläste verteilt. 7 Abbildung 29. Beschreibung von Methoden des Qimen der Weisungen faqimen 法奇門 aus „Die Geheime Bambusbox der Kompletten Werke über Qimen Dunjia“ ” qimen dunjia miji quanshu 奇門遁甲秘笈全書 von Liu Bowen 劉伯溫 Abbildung 30. Talismanen der Qimen der Weisungen faqimen 法奇門 Liste der Tabellen: Tabelle 1. Bezeichnungen der Sterne des Nordscheffels in der Version von Zhuge Liang Tabelle 2. Tabellarische Darstellung der Beziehungen der Fünf-Phasen Tabelle 3. Tabellarische Darstellung der Himmelstämme und Erdzweige nach den Fünf Phasen angeordnet Tabelle 4. Der Zyklus von 60 klimatischen Kombinationen der zehn Himmelsstämme tiangan 天干 mit den 12 Erdzweigen dizhi 地支 Tabelle 5. Darstellung der Beziehungen der 12 Erdzweige zu Monaten und Doppelstunden Tabelle 6. Die Klassifizierung “Pracht und Schwäche” wangshuai 旺衰 des Intensitätsgrades des Qi bei den Fünf Wandlungsphasen Tabelle 7. Die Klassifizierung “Pracht und Schwäche” wangshuai 旺衰 des Intensitätsgrades des Qi der zehn Himmelsstämme tiangan 天干 anhand der 12 Erdzweige dizhi 地支 Tabelle 8. Verteilungen der Instrumente und der Hervorragenden auf die Neun Paläste des Yang-Charts Tabelle 9.
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