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Indirgemektir HALİL İNALCIK'IN BURSA ARAŞTIRMALARI Hazırlayan Yusuf Oğuzoğlu Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kitaplığı Halil inatcık'ın Bursa Araştırmaları • • • • • . 1"'· . • '• • BURSA BÜYÜ�EHIR BELEDl YESi www.bursa.bel.tr Proje Koordinatörü Aziz Elbas Ahmet Erdönmez Proje Yürütücüsü BURSA BÜYÜKŞE HiRB ELEDiYESi .�\:: -, ARAŞTIRMALAR!BURSA J)LMERKEZI www.bu rs aarasti rmalari merkezi.org Işık Demir - Sibel Gök - Aysun (Yedikardeş) Dönmez Serap Tuba Yurteser-Cengiz Bütün - Cemil Menteşe Hazırlayan Yapım Yusuf Oğuzoğlu Son Okuma BURSA Serap Tuba Yurteser KÜLTUR A.�. Tasarım © 2012 Bursa Külcür A.Ş. Bu ki[abın cüm yayın hakları Dore Ajans Bursa Kül[ür A.Ş.'ye ainir. Yazılı izin olmadan kısmen ya da camamen yeniden basılamaz. Görsel Yönetmen - Kapak Tasarım Dağıtım Barış Güleç Bursa Kültür A.Ş. Basım Yılı ve Yeri Merinos Parkı Ararürk Kongre ve Kültür Merkezi Furkan Ofset B Kapısı Osmangazi/Bursa Tel:+ 90 224 253 26 46 Faks: + 90 224 253 14 85 Te mmuz-201 2 [email protected] 1 www.bursakulrur.com ISBN KÜTÜPHANE BILGI KARTI Cacaloging-in-Publicacion Daca (CIP} 978-605-5382-29-2 lnalcık, Halil (d. 1916} Halillnalcık'ın Bursa Araşnrmaları Tarih 2. Sana[ Tarihi 3. Arkeoloji . ll IÇINDEKILER• • • SUNUM ················································ ············································ ...................... V KENDI' AGZINDAN� SE.YH'IN' HIKAYESI' A ' 7 ..................................................................................... ' KENDi AGZINDAN SEYH'iN HiKAYESi . ... ...... ......... .. ........ ........ .......... .. 9 ... .. .... ... .. .. .. • HALIL INALCIK BURSA 35 ve .................................................................................................... HALIL INALCIK BURSA ... .. ....... ......... .. ........ ....... ... .. ...... ... ... 37 . .ve .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ... HALIL INALCIK ILE SOYLESI................. ......... ............ ............................ ........... 43 . • HALiL HOCA'YA ULUDAG ÜNiVERSiTESi FAHRi DOKTORA ÜNVANI VERDi ..................... 48 OSMAN GAZi BURSA ARASTIRMALARI ULUSLARARASI KONGRESi ............. ........... 51 . ve .. • . VIII. ULUSLARARASI.. TURKIVE'NIN. SOSYAL ve EKONOMIK TARIHI KONGRESI BURS�'DA DUZENLENDI (18-21 Haziran 1998).: ........................................................ 53 HALIL INALCIK BURSA'DA OSMANLI ARKEOLOJISI'NI BAŞLATTI....... ........... ............. 56 . HALiL i NALCIK ADI BURSA'DA ÖLÜMSÜZLESTi . .......... ......... ........... ........ .. 57 . .. ... HALIL. INALCIK. BURSA'NIN FAHRI. HEMSEHRISI•. OLDU .... ........ ... .. ...... ..... ... 59 . .. ..... ... • Prof. Dr. HALiL iNALCIK'IN KURULUS DÖNEMi OSMANLI TARiHi HAKKINDA BURSA ' ve ÇEVRESiNDE YAPTIGI ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI .......................................................................... 61 HALiL HOCA'NIN OBJEKTiFiNDEN OSMAN GAZi'NiN AT KOŞTURDUGU SAHALAR .......... 63 FETHE GIDEN. YOL 73 ................................................................................................................. BURSA OSMANGAZI . ....... ............. ..... .......... ....... ............. ..... .......... ....... ............. 73 ve . .. .. BURSA ............... ............................ ............... ........ ............... ........ ... ............ 75 . OSMAN GAZi: SON AR�ŞTIRMA SONUÇLA�I . _. ............... .. ....... ... ............ ........... 84 . .. OSMANLI KURULUS DONEMINE AIT YENI BILGILER ........ .. ....... ....... ......... 94 . ....... .... ... • . KENT, KENTLI TARIH .......... ......... ............ ......... ................ ...... .. ......... 104 ve .. .. .. OSMAN GAZi'NiN FETiHLERi VE DEVLETiN KURULUSU ................ ........... ........... 112 . • PAYlTAHT. BURSA'YI .INSA EDEN OSMANLI SULTANLARI 125 .................................................... .. .. .. OSMANLI SULTANLARININ UNVANLARI (TITULATUR) ve EGEMENLIK KAVRAMI. ........... 127 OSMAN ... ......... .......... ............. ........ ............. ....... ... ......... ... ......... 133 1 . ... .. O RHAN . ........ ....... .. ....... ...... ........ ....... .. ....... ........ 1 57 ..... ..... ... ..... ...... .. .... ..... MURAD .. ...... .... .......... .......... ............ ....... .............. ..... ... ......... 185 1 . .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... lll BAYEZID. 207 1 ...... .................. ......... ............. ............. ............ ............. ..... ........... .... ÇELEBI. SULTAN MEHMED ................................................................................... 213 MURAD 221 11 ........ ........... ..... ............. ........... ........................... ................ ............... SUYUN OTEKI.. YAKASINDA YENI BIR VATAN .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 241 RUM ELI: GENEL BIR BAKIS .................................................................................. 243 • DUNYA.. SEHRI . BURSA .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ' . 251 SANAYI ve TICARET .......................................................................................................... 251 XV. ASlR SANAYi ve TiCARET TARIHINE DAiR VESiKALAR ......................................... 253 BURSA ve iPEK TiCARETi .................................................................................... 273 HALIL INALCIK'IN BURSA FOTOGRAFLARI..- . .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. .... .... .... .... .... 313 . IV SUNUM Geleceği sağlam temeller üzerine inşa etmenin yolu tarihi doğru okumaktan geçer. Geçmişine yabancı kalan, görmezden gelen, gerekli dersleri çıkarmayan milletierin ilerleme kaydetmekte sorunlar yaşaması kaçınılmazdır. Medeniyetleri ayakta tutan birçok değer vardır. Osmanlı'nın bir cihan devleti konumuna ulaşmasında ve asırlar boyunca o konumda kalmasında askeri, idari, iktisadi, sosyal ve kültürel birçok sebep sayılabilir. Bursa, imparatorluğun ilk başkenti kimliği ile Osmanlı'nın cihan devleti olma yolundaki köşe taşlarından biridir. Bu yüzden tari h çi leri n, edebiyatçı ların, şai rlerin çalışmalarına ilham veren Bursa aynı zamanda seyyahların ve araştırmacıların da ilk dikkatini çeken kentlerden biridir. Bugün incelenen tarihi vesikaların her biri, önceki dönemlerin sosyal kültürel ticari ve hukuki yaşantısı hakkında ipuçları vermektedir. Prof. Dr. Halil i nalcık Hocamızın Bursa araştırmalarının bir neticesi olan bu çalışma, Bursa'ya dair oldukça önemli ipuçları veren bir eser olarak kütüphanelerimizdeki yerini alacaktır. V Büyükşehir Belediyemizin tarihi ve kültürel mirası koruma ve yaşatma projeleri kapsamında sürdürdüğü Bursa Kitaplığı bünyesinde Bursalılara kazandırılan çalışmanın Bursa okumalarına yeni bir bakış açısı getireceği şüphesizdir. Bu eserin hazırlanmasında büyük emekler sarf eden değerli hocamız Prof. Dr. Halil inalcık'a bir kez daha teşekkür ediyor, siz değerli okuyucuları sevgi ve saygıyla selamlıyorum. Recep Altepe Bursa Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı . VI Kendi Ağzmdan Şeyh'in Hikaye si KENDi AGZINDAN SEYH'iN HiKAYESi1 ' Bölüm 1: Nasıl Tarihçi Olduğurnun HikayesF 1935'te Balıkesir Öğretmen Okulu'ndan mezun olduğumda önümde iki seçenek vardı: Ya bir köy ilkokulunda öğretmen olarak çalışmaya başlayacaktım ya da lise öğretmeni olmak için Ankara Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu sınaviarına girecektim. 1935 yılının yazında sürpriz bir yeni seçenek ortaya çıktı. Atatürk, o zaman üzerinde çalıştığı Türk tarih tezlerine akademik bir altyapı hazırlayacağı umuduyla Ankara'da Dil ve Tarih - Coğrafya Fakültesi adında yeni bir kurum oluşturmuştu. Bu yeni kurumda çalışmak üzere çoğu Nazi Almanyası'ndan kaçmış olan bir kısım Alman profesörleri davet etmişti. ilk aşamada Ankara ve istanbul'da yapılacak sınavlarla seçilecek 40 öğrencinin alınması planlanmıştı. Aslında prensipte daha düşük seviyede olan öğretmen okulu mezunlarının bu sınava girmesi mümkün değildi. Üniversite seviyesinde öğrenim ancak nizami yüksek öğretmen okulları mezunları için bir seçenekti. Fakat Dil ve Tarih­ Coğrafya Fakültesi daha yeni teşekkül ettiğinden o yaz bu kurala bir istisna getirilmiş ve sınav bütün Türkiye'deki öğretmen okulu mezunlarına açılmıştı. Daha sonra bu uygulamanın Afet inan sayesinde gerçekleştiğini öğrenecektik. Afet inan da bir kız öğretmen okulu mezunuydu ve Atatürk onu okuluna yapmış olduğu bir teftiş gezisinde tanımıştı. Daha sonra onu evlat edinmiş ve yüksek eğitim için isviçre'ye göndermişti. Atatürk bunu yaparak onu gelecekte, Atatürk'ün Türk tarih teziyle ilgili görüşlerini temsil etmede oynayacağı role hazırlıyordu. Afet inan, 1935 yazında etkisini kullanarak bu yılın mezunları için benzersiz bir fırsat elde etmişti. Yıllar sonra Türk Tarih Kurumu üyesi olduğumda Afet'le tan ı ştı m. ı Prof. Dr. Halil İnalcık, "l11e Shaykh's Srory Told By Himself", Parhs ro rhe Middle East, ed. Thomas Naif, Albany: S ra re University of New York, ı993, pp. ı 05-1 42'de yayımlanmıştır. 2 Çev. Dr. Gürsu Gürsakal, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü. Email: [email protected]. tr. 9 HALİL İNALCIK'IN BURSA ARAŞTIRMALARI Afet, ömrünün sonuna kadar Atatürk'ün yanında bulunmuş ve bütün yönleriyle Türk tarih tezini Atatürk'le yakinen çalışmıştı. Atatürk'ün 1938'deki ölümünden sonra Doktor inan ile evlenerek soyadını almıştı. Hafızamda kendi başına önemli bir akademik mirası olmayan, ancak iyi kalpli, nazik bir kadın olarak yer etmişti. Buna karşın Türkiye'de tarihçiliğin gel işimini derinden etkilemiştir. 1935'te Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi sınaviarına girdim ve kabul edildim. Uluslararası öneme sahip akademisyenlerle çalışma fırsatı elde etmiştim. Fakülte, Türk tarihine Türk tarih
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