DOCSLIB.ORG

Novel Extracts from Callyspongia Siphonella and Negombata Magnifica Sponges from the Red Sea, Induced Antiproliferative and Proa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Novel Extracts from Callyspongia Siphonella and Negombata Magnifica Sponges from the Red Sea, Induced Antiproliferative and Proa Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 24(7): 319 – 347 (2020) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Novel extracts from Callyspongia siphonella and Negombata magnifica sponges from the Red Sea, induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines Islam Rady1,2*, Mansour A.E. Bashar1 1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minnesota, USA. * Corresponding Author: [email protected] _______________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Marine organisms derived extracts have been shown to exert multiple anti- Received: Sept. 21, 2020 cancer activities. Two marine sponge species; finger-sponge ―Negombata Accepted: Oct. 24, 2020 magnifica (Nm)‖ and tube-sponge ―Callyspongia siphonella (Cs)‖ were Online: Nov. 1, 2020 collected during summer 2020 from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea, Egypt). Each _______________ sponge macerated with methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2), acetone (C H O), and chloroform (CHCl₃) separately into four different crude Keywords: 3 6 extracts for each sponge species and eight extracts as a total for both marine Sponges; species, where each extract was in vitro assessed for its antiproliferative and Callyspongia siphonella; proapoptotic activity in HepG-2, MCF7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines. Cs- Negombata magnifica; CH Cl , Cs-C H O , Cs-C H O, Cs-CHCl , Nm-CH Cl , Nm-C H O , Nm- Red Sea; 2 2 4 8 2 3 6 3 2 2 4 8 2 C H O, and Nm-CHCl , each in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the growth Anticancer; 3 6 3 of HepG2 cancer cells within IC values 17.53, 11.18, 9.97, 19.21, 9.14, 10.94, Antiproliferation; 50 8.78, and 7.23 μg/ml, respectively, MCF-7 cancer cells within IC values of Apoptosis. 50 19.48, 15.34, 11.76, 13.62, 7.65, 6.18, 11.82, and 8.26 μg/ml, respectively, and Caco-2 cancer cells within IC50 values of 10.17, 14.87, 18.35, 17.12, 12.67, 9.27, 8.37, and 10.68 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, all extracts were found to induce apoptosis in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cells via an increase of proapoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 and decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Current data introducing multiple extracts from two marine sponges as promising sources for cancer therapeutic agent(s) to be further developed for cancer control outcome. INTRODUCTION Cancer is a group of diseases associated with abnormal cell growth with potentiality to invade or spread to other parts of the body (Rady et al., 2018). It is considered as one of the major ailments threatening the humankind (Rady et al., 2018a). The current available cancer statistics are indicating that the number of new cancer patients has been reached over 10 million cases associated with over 6 million deaths representing roughly 12% of worldwide mortality (Rady et al., 2017, 2018a). Moreover, over 20 million new cancer cases are anticipated to be diagnosed in the year 2025 (Zugazagoitia et al., 2016; Rady et al., 2017) and potentially will be increased to 21.7 million with about 13 million cancer deaths by the year 2030 (Torre et al., 2015; Rady et 320 Rady and Bashar (2020) al., 2017). In Egypt, according to national incidence rates and proportions, the crude incidence rates on the national level for all sites, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer (C44) were 113.1/100,000 (both sexes), 115.7/100,000 (males), and 110.3/100,000 (females), where the age-standardized rates (world) were 166.6/100,000 (both sexes), 175.9/100,000 (males), and 157.0/100,000 (females) (Ibrahim et al., 2014). Those high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality are required more ways of cancer control, therapy or management where the current treatment modalities are mainly radiation-based therapy and chemotherapy (Rady et al., 2017, 2018), although their applicability to human is associated with toxic properties causing hair loss with some other serious adverse effects (Tsuda et al., 2004). Natural products have been used to help mankind sustain its health since the dawn of medicine (Moghadamtousi et al., 2015; Rady et al. 2017, 2018). Nowadays, just like in ancient times, utilization of complementary and alternative medicines is gaining more popularity as an important and promising strategy for human diseases prevention and therapy (Peter and Horvath, 2017; Rady et al., 2018). Marine natural products are regarded as a rich and renewable source for novel therapeutics (Jiménez, 2018). Marine derived bioactive compounds are attractive candidates for cancer therapy 50 years ago and in recent past there are like 3000 new marine compounds that have been assessed for their anticancer activity (Young et al., 2006). Beside the anticancer effects of marine organism constituents, a lot of modern studies suggested that some bioactive compounds isolated from marine organisms have been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities (Venkateswara-Rao et al., 1998; Wali et al., 2019). Likewise, in clinical research, there are many marine anticancer bioactive compounds that have been isolated, characterized, identified, and preclinically assessed; now they are under clinical trials for human use (Wali et al., 2019). Marine fauna for instance sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, ascidians, and coral reefs are accounting for more than 90% of the total oceanic biomass where those organisms possess a variety of pharmacological bioactive compounds that can be used in drug discovery for cancer control (Franscesco, 1997). Likewise, a variety of bioactive metabolites and compounds have isolated from marine organisms were found to exert antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory (Shnit-Orland et al., 2008). El-Gamal et al. (2004) isolated five bioactive substances from CH2Cl2 extracts of Taiwan soft coral of Nephthea armata, which have showed significant cytotoxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma and human colon adenocarcinoma and mouse lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, the soft corals of the genus Xenia are rich in terpenoids and steroids since six sesquiterpenoids were isolated from CH2Cl2 extracts of the soft coral of Xenia peurto- galera that have founded to induce cytotoxicity against cancer cells (Duh et al., 2002). Also, lemnalol is a bioactive antitumor agent has been isolated from the Japanese soft coral Lemnalia sp. (Kikuchi et al., 1983). As part of research on the bioactive material from marine organisms, the Formosan soft coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata (family: Xeniidae) was studied because its CH2Cl2 extract showed significant cytotoxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma and human colon adenocarcinoma and mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (Duh et al., 2002a). Moreover, two bicyclic cembranolides have been isolated from Sarcophyton sp. were found to exert cytotoxicity towards MCF7 cancer cells (Gross et al., 2004). Furthermore, among the groups of marine organisms, sponges are the most diverse and abundant, due to their soft bodies and sedentary lifestyles Novel extracts from Callyspongia siphonella and Negombata magnifica sponges 321 (Moitinho-Silva et al., 2014). Marine sponges (Phylum: Porifera) are a large phylum belongs to the animal Kingdom and regarded as prolific factories for bioactive natural products (Blunt et al., 2016, 2017, 2018). Therefore, sponges are suggested to provide a drug discovery for multiple diseases, such as cancer and viruses (Faulkner, 2000; Perdicaris et al., 2013). Red Sea is rich with sponges such as that of genus Negombata, which produce latrunculins that are known for their antimicrobial and antiviral activity (Eid et al., 2011). A variety of natural products from the marine sponges have been found to exhibit remarkable antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities (Edrada et al., 2002). Pawlik and McMurray (2020) have also confirmed that marine sponges are containing variety of natural products than any other marine phylum and those products have bioactivities including anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, and are often applicable for medical use. Moreover, some of the most potential sponge-derived bioactive molecules include the anti-inflammatory compound manoalide from the palauan sponge Luffariella variabilis (De-Silva and Scheuer, 1980). Here, the current study assesses cytotoxicity, viability, and primary apoptotic effects of novel multiple extracts derived from two sponges Callyspongia siphonella and Negombata magnifica collected from Red Sea, Egypt in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1- Sampling and identification of specimens Specimens were collected during summer 2020 along Gulf of Aqaba at different depths by SCUBA diving. Immediately upon collection, the samples were cleaned with seawater and preserved in ice-box at -20°C. The taxonomy details were studied, and the two voucher specimens were deposited at Marine laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, with a registration number of MZ1047 and MZ1048. The identification of the specimens has been carefully checked based on Porifera morphological characters according to Systema Porifera (Hooper, 2000) associated with the most recent update undertaken in the World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al., 2008) and at the end the taxonomy is directed by Ruggiero et al. (2015). 2- Preparation of extracts The frozen sponge specimens were left to defrost and then broken down into small pieces. 10 g of macerated tissues were extracted by soaking in 50 ml of different four absolute solvents of (CH2Cl2, C4H8O2, C3H6O, and CHCl₃) for 24 h at room temperature. Extractions were repeated three times until no color was obtained to ensure complete extraction. The combined extracts were filtered through Whatman no.1 filter paper and dried at 40°C using a rotary evaporator. 3- Cell culture HepG-2, MCF7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines and HFB-4 cell line (normal control cells) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and (VACSERA Co., Cairo, Egypt).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
    Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Examples of Sea Sponges
    Examples Of Sea Sponges Startling Amadeus burlesques her snobbishness so fully that Vaughan structured very cognisably. Freddy is ectypal and stenciling unsocially while epithelial Zippy forces and inflict. Monopolistic Porter sailplanes her honeymooners so incorruptibly that Sutton recirculates very thereon. True only on water leaves, sea of these are animals Yellow like Sponge Oceana. Deeper dives into different aspects of these glassy skeletons are ongoing according to. Sponges theoutershores. Cell types epidermal cells form outer covering amoeboid cells wander around make spicules. Check how These Beautiful Pictures of Different Types of. To be optimal for bathing, increasing with examples of brooding forms tan ct et al ratios derived from other microscopic plants from synthetic sponges belong to the university. What is those natural marine sponge? Different types of sponges come under different price points and loss different uses in. Global Diversity of Sponges Porifera NCBI NIH. Sponges EnchantedLearningcom. They publish the outer shape of rubber sponge 1 Some examples of sponges are Sea SpongeTube SpongeVase Sponge or Sponge Painted. Learn facts about the Porifera or Sea Sponges with our this Easy mountain for Kids. What claim a course Sponge Acme Sponge Company. BG Silicon isotopes of this sea sponges new insights into. Sponges come across an incredible summary of colors and an amazing array of shapes. 5 Fascinating Types of what Sponge Leisure Pro. Sea sponges often a tube-like bodies with his tiny pores. Sponges The World's Simplest Multi-Cellular Creatures. Sponges are food of various nudbranchs sea stars and fish. Examples of sponges Answers Answerscom. Sponges info and games Sheppard Software.
    [Show full text]
  • A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
    marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
    Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida).
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    Applications of Computational Methods and African Natural Product Databases to Search for Novel Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Biowissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Herrn M.Sc. Conrad Simoben, Veranso geboren am 19. Apr. 1990 in Nkambe Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Sippl, Halle Prof. Dr. Stefan Günther, Freiburg Prof. Dr. Dusanka Janezic, Ljubljana Datum der Disputation: 23 March 2021 i Abstract Computational methods have been proven to be shortcuts in developing novel lead compounds and drug candidates. They can cut down the cost as well as reduce the time involved. For example, computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) methods have been used to guide the discovery of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDACs represent an interesting class of Zn-dependent enzymes and they have been demonstrated to play important physiological roles associated with genome functions that have been linked to several diseases. In this thesis, several computational methods were applied to suggest novel molecules that could target HDAC isoforms. First, a new class of HDAC small inhibitor (“reverse hydroxamate” as zinc-binding motif) was discovered by virtual screening and confirmed to inhibit Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 (smHDAC8) with IC50 values in the low micromole range. Additional testing of the molecules indicated that they were equally potent inhibitors of human HDAC1, 6 and 8. The binding mode of the best hit could be confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Second, using virtual screening, a set of molecules with reverse HIV latency was discovered. They may act as a starting point in a structure-based design and/or in chemical optimization efforts to improve the HIV shock-and-kill-based strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Porifera) in Singapore and Description of a New Species of Forcepia (Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae)
    Contributions to Zoology, 81 (1) 55-71 (2012) Biodiversity of shallow-water sponges (Porifera) in Singapore and description of a new species of Forcepia (Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae) Swee-Cheng Lim1, 3, Nicole J. de Voogd2, Koh-Siang Tan1 1 Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore 2 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity, Naturalis, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: intertidal, Southeast Asia, sponge assemblage, subtidal, tropical Abstract gia) patera (Hardwicke, 1822) was the first sponge de- scribed from Singapore in the 19th century. This was A surprisingly high number of shallow water sponge species followed by Leucosolenia flexilis (Haeckel, 1872), (197) were recorded from extensive sampling of natural inter- Coelocarteria singaporensis (Carter, 1883) (as Phloeo­ tidal and subtidal habitats in Singapore (Southeast Asia) from May 2003 to June 2010. This is in spite of a highly modified dictyon), and Callyspongia (Cladochalina) diffusa coastline that encompasses one of the world’s largest container Ridley (1884). Subsequently, Dragnewitsch (1906) re- ports as well as extensive oil refining and bunkering industries. corded 24 sponge species from Tanjong Pagar and Pu- A total of 99 intertidal species was recorded in this study. Of lau Brani in the Singapore Strait. A further six species these, 53 species were recorded exclusively from the intertidal of sponge were reported from Singapore in the 1900s, zone and only 45 species were found on both intertidal and subtidal habitats, suggesting that tropical intertidal and subtidal although two species, namely Cinachyrella globulosa sponge assemblages are different and distinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of the Genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea
    Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original Article Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea Kim Hyung June, Kang Dong Won* National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, South Korea article info abstract Article history: In this study, two new species of the genus Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: Callyspognia Received 11 July 2017 pyeongdaensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. from Korea are described as new to science. All Received in revised form of the available information is presented in this study including the localities from which the species 5 September 2017 were collected and illustrations of spicule and skeleton. Accepted 22 September 2017 Ó 2017 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Available online xxx Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Callyspongiidae Callyspongia Korea New species Sponge Introduction surveyed Jeju Island, South Korea, where marine life has not been studied and is affected by Kuroshio Current. As a result, here, we The family Callyspongiidae was found in 1936 by de Laubenfels describe one new species of Callyspongia. This new species was and consists of haplosclerid sponges which have a two- compared with the Korea and Japan Callyspongia species with a dimensional ectosomal skeleton of primary, secondary, and some- similar morphology. times tertiary fibers (De Voogd 2004; Desqueyroux-Faundeze and Valentine 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 3 (Haplosclerida and Nepheliospongida)
    ISSN 0083-7903, 87 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 87 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 3 (Haplosclerida and Nepheliospongida) by P. R. BERGQUIST and K. P. WARNE . �· New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 87 1980 NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, I;)emospongiae, Part 3 (Haplosclerida and Nepheliospongida) by P. R. BERGQUIST and K. P. WARNE Department of Zoology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 87 1980 This workSig is licensed 1 under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ISSN 0083-7903 Received for publication: May 1979 © Crown Copyright I 980 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES 4 ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 Acknowledgments 8 COLLECTIONS EXAMINED 8 LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED 11 SYSTEMATICS ... 12 Order Haplosclerida Topsent 12 Family Haliclonidae de Laubenfels 12 Haliclona Grant, 1835 12 Family Adociidae de Laubenfels 19 Adocia Gray, 1867 20 Orina Gray, 1867 21 Sigmadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 22 Toxadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ... 24 Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels 24 Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ... 24 Chalinopsil/a Lendenfeld, 1888 ... 33 Dactylia Carter, 1885 34 Order Nepheliospongida Bergquist 34 Family Nepheliospongiidae Clark ... 35 Petrosia Vosmaer, 1887 ... 35 Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932 36 Family Oceanapiidae Van Soest 37 Oceanapia Norman, 1869 37 Vagocia de Laubenfels, 1936 38 REFERENCES 39 INDEX 41 PLATES ..
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: a Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir Within a Biodiversity Hotspot
    Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir within a Biodiversity Hotspot Vasilis Gerovasileiou*, Eleni Voultsiadou Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract Marine caves are widely acknowledged for their unique biodiversity and constitute a typical feature of the Mediterranean coastline. Herein an attempt was made to evaluate the ecological significance of this particular ecosystem in the Mediterranean Sea, which is considered a biodiversity hotspot. This was accomplished by using Porifera, which dominate the rocky sublittoral substrata, as a reference group in a meta-analytical approach, combining primary research data from the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) with data derived from the literature. In total 311 species from all poriferan classes were recorded, representing 45.7% of the Mediterranean Porifera. Demospongiae and Homoscleromorpha are highly represented in marine caves at the family (88%), generic (70%), and species level (47.5%), the latter being the most favored group along with Dictyoceratida and Lithistida. Several rare and cave-exclusive species were reported from only one or few caves, indicating the fragmentation and peculiarity of this unique ecosystem. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity varied among Mediterranean areas; the former was positively correlated with research effort, being higher in the northern Mediterranean, while the latter was generally higher in caves than in the overall sponge assemblages of each area. Resemblance analysis among areas revealed that cavernicolous sponge assemblages followed a pattern quite similar to that of the overall Mediterranean assemblages. The same pattern was exhibited by the zoogeographic affinities of cave sponges: species with Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution and Mediterranean endemics prevailed (more than 40% each), 70% of them having warm-water affinities, since most caves were studied in shallow waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Habitats and Biodiversity of Dampier and Montebello Marine
    CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE Benthic habitats and biodiversity of the Dampier and Montebello Australian Marine Parks Edited by: John Keesing, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research March 2019 ISBN 978-1-4863-1225-2 Print 978-1-4863-1226-9 On-line Contributors The following people contributed to this study. Affiliation is CSIRO unless otherwise stated. WAM = Western Australia Museum, MV = Museum of Victoria, DPIRD = Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Study design and operational execution: John Keesing, Nick Mortimer, Stephen Newman (DPIRD), Roland Pitcher, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Joanna Strzelecki, Corey Wakefield (DPIRD), John Wakeford (Fishing Untangled), Alan Williams Field work: Belinda Alvarez, Dion Boddington (DPIRD), Monika Bryce, Susan Cheers, Brett Chrisafulli (DPIRD), Frances Cooke, Frank Coman, Christopher Dowling (DPIRD), Gary Fry, Cristiano Giordani (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia), Alastair Graham, Mark Green, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), John Keesing, Peter Karuso (Macquarie University), Matt Lansdell, Maylene Loo, Hector Lozano‐Montes, Huabin Mao (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Margaret Miller, Nick Mortimer, James McLaughlin, Amy Nau, Kate Naughton (MV), Tracee Nguyen, Camilla Novaglio, John Pogonoski, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Craig Skepper (DPIRD), Joanna Strzelecki, Tonya Van Der Velde, Alan Williams Taxonomy and contributions to Chapter 4: Belinda Alvarez, Sharon Appleyard, Monika Bryce, Alastair Graham, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), Glad Hansen (WAM),
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa 20 Years: Phylum Porifera
    Zootaxa 4979 (1): 038–056 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Review ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3409F59A-0552-44A8-89F0-4F0230CB27E7 Zootaxa 20 years: Phylum Porifera JOHN N.A. HOOPER1,2*, GERT WÖRHEIDE3,4,5, EDUARDO HAJDU6, DIRK ERPENBECK3,5, NICOLE J. DE VOOGD7,8 & MICHELLE KLAUTAU9 1Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-5954 2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia 3Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 4SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 5GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-7421 [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-1085 6Museu Nacional/UFRJ, TAXPO - Depto. Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRASIL [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9403 7Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Dept. Marine Biodiversity, P.O. Box 9617, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5604 8Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands 9Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941- 902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnificines a and B, Antimicrobial Marine Alkaloids Featuring a Tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-A]
    marine drugs Article Magnificines A and B, Antimicrobial Marine Alkaloids Featuring a Tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]azepine-2,5(3H,6H)-dione Backbone from the Red Sea Sponge Negombata magnifica Diaa T. A. Youssef 1,* , Hani Z. Asfour 2, Grégory Genta-Jouve 3,4 and Lamiaa A. Shaala 5,6,7,* 1 Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 3 UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; [email protected] 4 Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (UMR 7245), National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, 75231 Paris, France 5 Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 7 Suez Canal University Hospital, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.T.A.Y.); [email protected] (L.A.S.); Tel.: +966-548535344 (D.T.A.Y.) Abstract: Investigation of the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica gave two novel alkaloids, mag- Citation: Youssef, D.T.A.; Asfour, nificines A and B (1 and 2) and a new β-ionone derivative, (±)-negombaionone (3), together with H.Z.; Genta-Jouve, G.; Shaala, L.A. Magnificines A and B, Antimicrobial the known latrunculin B (4) and 16-epi-latrunculin B (5).
    [Show full text]