Two New Species of the Genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea

Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5

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Original Article Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea

Kim Hyung June, Kang Dong Won*

National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, South Korea article info abstract

Article history: In this study, two new species of the genus Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: Callyspognia Received 11 July 2017 pyeongdaensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. from Korea are described as new to science. All Received in revised form of the available information is presented in this study including the localities from which the species 5 September 2017 were collected and illustrations of spicule and skeleton. Accepted 22 September 2017 Ó 2017 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Available online xxx Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Callyspongiidae Callyspongia Korea New species Sponge

Introduction surveyed Jeju Island, South Korea, where marine life has not been studied and is affected by Kuroshio Current. As a result, here, we The family Callyspongiidae was found in 1936 by de Laubenfels describe one new species of Callyspongia. This new species was and consists of haplosclerid sponges which have a two- compared with the Korea and Japan Callyspongia species with a dimensional ectosomal skeleton of primary, secondary, and some- similar morphology. times tertiary fibers (De Voogd 2004; Desqueyroux-Faundeze and Valentine 2002). This family contains four genera (Arenosclera, Materials and methods Callyspongia, Dactylia, and Siphonochalina) and four subgenera within the genus Callyspongia. The genus Callyspongia is charac- The sponges were collected by hand from Jeju Island (Figure 1), terized by a regular ectosomal tangential reticulations that are Korea, by scuba diving, from 2016 to 2017. Specimens were fixed in primary and secondary (Kang and Sim 2008; Van Soest 1980). The 95% or 99.9% ethanol. Spicules were observed under light micro- choanosome has a well-developed sponging fiber skeleton, all scope (Carl Zeiss Axioskop II, Göttingen, Germany). Identification primary fibers are regularly reticulate producing rectangular was done on the basis of external features, shape, structure of meshes, and skeletal tracts are usually dominated by spongin skeleton, and size and form of spicules. Thin free-hand sections (Hooper 1997). The lack of discriminating characters within the were made with specimens hardened in alcohol using a surgical order Haplosclerida and the large variability of the structural blade in order to observe the structure of the skeleton. Spicules characters within the Callyspongiidae have resulted in many junior were prepared by dissolving a piece of sponge in sodium hypo- names and confusion. Because of this, new descriptions of Call- chlorite and were examined under scanning electron microscope yspongia species should preferably be based on ample material to (SEM; SU3500; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) (Rützler 1978). They were allow investigation of intraspecific variations (De Voogd 2004). mounted on stubs, followed by a coating with gold-palladium. The Approximately, 11 species have been described from Korea till now specimens are deposited in National Marine Biodiversity Institute (Kang and Sim 2008; Rho and Lee 1976; Rho and Yang 1983; Sim of Korea (MABIK). 1981; Sim and Byeon 1989; Sim and Kim 1988). In this study, we Systematic accounts * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 41 950 0730; fax: þ82 41 950 0727. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Dong Won). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2017 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 2 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5

Figure 1. This map is showing the collecting site, Jeju-do.

Figure 2. Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov.: A, entire specimen; B, spicules (style); CeD, oxea; EeF, strongyle. .

Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 3

Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 but C. flabelliformis has only oxea. Ectosomal and choanosomal Genus Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 mesh size of new species is larger than that of C. flabelliformis (Table 1). Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65BFC3C0-F82B-48FA-BD6E- Pyeongdae-ri, Jeju-do, Korea. 4D39036C1B00 (Figures 2e3) Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D8002B7-FF4F-4392-A190- Type. Holotype: Pyeongdae-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Ko- 8D3CCF662DD7 rea. 14 iii 2017, Coll. DW Kang. MABIK IV00162857. Paratype: other (Figures 4e5) data same as for holotype, MABIK IV00162858. Description (Figure 2A). This species is an irregular, thin, or thick Type. Holotype: Mara-do, Gapa-ri, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, encrusting sponge, size up to 3 3 cm wide and 2 cm thick. Oscule: Jeju-do, Korea. 15 vii 2016, Coll. HJ Kim. MABIK IV00162859. 0.1 w 0.2 cm in diameter, open on surface. Color: dark ivory in life Description (Figure 4A). This species is hollow, single tubular which gradually changes to ivory in alcohol. Texture soft: tough and digit shape, has size up to 4 4 cm wide and 1 cm thick. Oscule: compressible. 3 cm in diameter, open at the tube. Color: purple in life which Spicules (Figure 2BeF). Oxea is approximately 75e100 7.5e gradually changes to ivory in alcohol. Texture: soft, tough, and 10 mm in size. Strongyle is approximately 40e70 10 mm in size. compressible. Style is approximately 55e80 10 mm in size. Spicules (Figure 4B). Oxea only: smooth, straight to slightly Skeleton (Figure 3). Ectosomal skeleton: regular tangential arched, tapering to a point at each end, and approximately 80e reticulation of spongin fibers forming small triangular meshes of 100 5e8 mm in size. 100 180 up to 300 370 mm in diameter within large polygonal Skeleton (Figure 5). Ectosomal skeleton: regular tangential meshes of 400 450 up to 500 550 mm in diameter. Primary fi- reticulation of spongin fibers forming larger (120e300 mmin bers: 30e40 mm (cored by 1e2 spicule), secondary fibers: 15e diameter) and smaller (70e80 mm in diameter) meshes; composed 20 mm (cored by 1 spicule). Choanosomal skeleton: reticulation of of primary, secondary, and tertiary fibers uncored spicule. Primary fasciculated primary fibers. Fascicles are 200e500 mm, individual fibers are 40e50 mm in diameter; secondary fibers are 25e20 mm primary fibers are 50e70 mm (cored by 3e5 spicules), and sec- and tertiary fibers are 10 mm (uncored by spicule) in diameters. ondary connecting fibers are 20e30 mm in diameters (cored by 1e2 Choanosomal skeleton: reticulation of the primary and secondary spicule). fibers. Primary fibers: 60e80 mm in diameter, cored with several Distribution. Korea (Jeju-do). rows of spicules ascending 130e260 mm apart. Secondary fibers: Diagnosis. This species is similar to Callyspongia flabelliformis 15e20 mm in diameter (cored by 1 spicules, mostly uncored). Tanita, 1968 in shape, habitat, growth form, and ectosomal and Distribution. Korea (Jeju-do). choanosomal skeleton, but it differs in spicule and mesh size. This Diagnosis. This species is similar to Callyspongia sphaer- new species has three types of spicules (oxea, strongyle, and style), icuslobatus Hoshino, 1981 in spicule and choanosomal skeleton, but

Figure 3. Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov.: AeB, ectosomal skeleton; CeD, choanosomal skeleton. .

Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 4 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5

Table 1. The comparison of characters between Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia ﬂabelliformis Tanita, 1968.

Characters Species

C. pyeongdaensis sp. nov. C. ﬂabelliformis Tanita, 1968

Shape Thin or thick encrusting Irregular, large, thin, or thick encrusting Habitat Intertidal zone, in shaded locations under rock Intertidal zone, in shaded locations under rock Ectosomal Structure Regular tangential reticulation of sponging fibers Irregular reticulation of fibers (cored with single to double rows of spicule) (cored with single to double rows of spicule) Mesh size 450e550 mm 200e400 mm Choanosomal Structure Reticulation network Rectangular networks of primary and secondary fibers Mesh size 200e500 mm 300e400 mm Spicule Oxea 75e100 7.5e10 mm80e82 5e6 mm Strongyle 40e70 10 mm e Style 55e80 10 mm e

Figure 4. Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov.: A, entire specimen; B, spicules (oxea). .

Figure 5. Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov.: AeB, ectosomal skeleton; CeD, choanosomal skeleton. .

Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 5

Table 2. The comparison of characters between Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia sphaericuslobatus Hoshino, 1981.

Characters Species

C. maraensis sp. nov. C. sphaericuslobatus Hoshino, 1981

Shape Hollow, single tubular digit shape Irregular, massive sponge with numerous hemispherical lobes Habitat Subtidal zone (15 m depth) Intertidal zone or subtidal zone Ectosomal Structure Regular tangential reticulation of sponging fibers Irregular reticulation of unispicule fibers (uncored spicule) Mesh size 120e300 mm 300e500 mm Choanosomal Structure Reticulation of the primary and secondary fibers Reticulation of the primary and secondary fibers Mesh size 280e300 mm 200e350 mm Spicule Oxea 80e100 5e8 mm75e83 2e5 mm

it differs in shape, spicule size, and ectosomal skeleton. This new Desqueyroux-Faúndez R, Valentine C. 2002. Family Callyspongiidae: 835e851. In: fi species has single tubular digit shape but C. sphaericuslobatus has Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, editors. Systema Porifera: A guide to the classi - cation of sponges. New York. irregular, massive sponge with numerous hemispherical lobes Hoshino T. 1981. Shallow-Water Demosponges of Western Japan, 1. Journal of Science (1.5e4 cm in diameter). Spicule size of new species is larger than of the Hiroshima University (B) 29 (1):47e205. that of C. sphaericuslobatus. Ectosomal skeleton of new species has Hooper JNA. 1997. Sponguide. Guide to sponge collection and identification. Electronic fi version. Available at: http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/organization/sections/ only bers (uncored by spicule) but C. sphaericuslobatus has uni- Sessile Marine Invertebrates/index.asp (Guide to sponge collection etc.). spicular fibers (Table 2). Kang DW, Sim CJ. 2008. Two species of Callyspongiidae (Demospongiae : Haplo- Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Mara- sclerida) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 24 (1):39e42. Rho BJ, Yang CI. 1983. A systematic study on the marine sponges in Korea. 2. do, Korea. Ceractinomorpha. Journal of Korean Research Institute for Better Living. Ewha Woman’s University 32. 25e25. Rho BJ, Lee KH. 1976. A survey of marine sponges of Haeundae and its adjacent ’ Conflicts of interest water. Journal of Korean Research Institute for Better Living. Ewha Woman s University 17:93e111. Rützler K. 1978. Sponges in coral reefs. In: Stoddart DR, Jonannes RE, editors. Coral The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest. reefs: research methods. Monogr Oceanogr Neth UNESCO 5. pp. 299e313. Sim CJ. 1981. A systematic study on the marine sponges in Korea. 1. Ceractino- morpha and Tetractinomorpha. Soong Jun University Essays and Papers 11: Acknowledgments 83e105. Sim CJ, Byeon HS. 1989. A systematic study on the marine sponges in Korea. 9. e This work was supported by the grants from National Marine Ceractinomorpha. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 5 (1):33 57. Sim CJ, Kim HJ. 1988. A systematic study on the marine sponges in Korea. 7. Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK 2017M00600, project of Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 4 (1): Securement, Analysis and Evaluation of Marine Invertebrate 21e42. Bioresources). Tanita S. 1968. Sponge fauna of the Ariake Sea. Bulletin of the Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 36:53e54. Van Soest RWM. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. References Part II. Haplosclerida. In: Hummelinck PW, Van der Steen LJ, editors. Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse e De Voogd NJ. 2004. Callyspongia (Euplacella) biru (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hap- Antillen. pp. 1 173. No. 104. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Carib- losclerida) from Indonesia. Zoölogische Mededelingen Leiden 78:477e483. bean Islands 62(191).