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Two New Species of the Genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea

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Two New Species of the Genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original Article Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea Kim Hyung June, Kang Dong Won* National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, South Korea article info abstract Article history: In this study, two new species of the genus Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864: Callyspognia Received 11 July 2017 pyeongdaensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. from Korea are described as new to science. All Received in revised form of the available information is presented in this study including the localities from which the species 5 September 2017 were collected and illustrations of spicule and skeleton. Accepted 22 September 2017 Ó 2017 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Available online xxx Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Callyspongiidae Callyspongia Korea New species Sponge Introduction surveyed Jeju Island, South Korea, where marine life has not been studied and is affected by Kuroshio Current. As a result, here, we The family Callyspongiidae was found in 1936 by de Laubenfels describe one new species of Callyspongia. This new species was and consists of haplosclerid sponges which have a two- compared with the Korea and Japan Callyspongia species with a dimensional ectosomal skeleton of primary, secondary, and some- similar morphology. times tertiary fibers (De Voogd 2004; Desqueyroux-Faundeze and Valentine 2002). This family contains four genera (Arenosclera, Materials and methods Callyspongia, Dactylia, and Siphonochalina) and four subgenera within the genus Callyspongia. The genus Callyspongia is charac- The sponges were collected by hand from Jeju Island (Figure 1), terized by a regular ectosomal tangential reticulations that are Korea, by scuba diving, from 2016 to 2017. Specimens were fixed in primary and secondary (Kang and Sim 2008; Van Soest 1980). The 95% or 99.9% ethanol. Spicules were observed under light micro- choanosome has a well-developed sponging fiber skeleton, all scope (Carl Zeiss Axioskop II, Göttingen, Germany). Identification primary fibers are regularly reticulate producing rectangular was done on the basis of external features, shape, structure of meshes, and skeletal tracts are usually dominated by spongin skeleton, and size and form of spicules. Thin free-hand sections (Hooper 1997). The lack of discriminating characters within the were made with specimens hardened in alcohol using a surgical order Haplosclerida and the large variability of the structural blade in order to observe the structure of the skeleton. Spicules characters within the Callyspongiidae have resulted in many junior were prepared by dissolving a piece of sponge in sodium hypo- names and confusion. Because of this, new descriptions of Call- chlorite and were examined under scanning electron microscope yspongia species should preferably be based on ample material to (SEM; SU3500; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) (Rützler 1978). They were allow investigation of intraspecific variations (De Voogd 2004). mounted on stubs, followed by a coating with gold-palladium. The Approximately, 11 species have been described from Korea till now specimens are deposited in National Marine Biodiversity Institute (Kang and Sim 2008; Rho and Lee 1976; Rho and Yang 1983; Sim of Korea (MABIK). 1981; Sim and Byeon 1989; Sim and Kim 1988). In this study, we Systematic accounts * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 41 950 0730; fax: þ82 41 950 0727. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Dong Won). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2017 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 2 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 Figure 1. This map is showing the collecting site, Jeju-do. Figure 2. Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov.: A, entire specimen; B, spicules (style); CeD, oxea; EeF, strongyle. <scale bars: 1 cm (A); 50 mm(BeF)>. Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 3 Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 but C. flabelliformis has only oxea. Ectosomal and choanosomal Genus Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 mesh size of new species is larger than that of C. flabelliformis (Table 1). Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65BFC3C0-F82B-48FA-BD6E- Pyeongdae-ri, Jeju-do, Korea. 4D39036C1B00 (Figures 2e3) Callyspongia maraensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D8002B7-FF4F-4392-A190- Type. Holotype: Pyeongdae-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Ko- 8D3CCF662DD7 rea. 14 iii 2017, Coll. DW Kang. MABIK IV00162857. Paratype: other (Figures 4e5) data same as for holotype, MABIK IV00162858. Description (Figure 2A). This species is an irregular, thin, or thick Type. Holotype: Mara-do, Gapa-ri, Daejeong-eup, Seogwipo-si, encrusting sponge, size up to 3 Â 3 cm wide and 2 cm thick. Oscule: Jeju-do, Korea. 15 vii 2016, Coll. HJ Kim. MABIK IV00162859. 0.1 w 0.2 cm in diameter, open on surface. Color: dark ivory in life Description (Figure 4A). This species is hollow, single tubular which gradually changes to ivory in alcohol. Texture soft: tough and digit shape, has size up to 4 Â 4 cm wide and 1 cm thick. Oscule: compressible. 3 cm in diameter, open at the tube. Color: purple in life which Spicules (Figure 2BeF). Oxea is approximately 75e100 Â 7.5e gradually changes to ivory in alcohol. Texture: soft, tough, and 10 mm in size. Strongyle is approximately 40e70 Â 10 mm in size. compressible. Style is approximately 55e80 Â 10 mm in size. Spicules (Figure 4B). Oxea only: smooth, straight to slightly Skeleton (Figure 3). Ectosomal skeleton: regular tangential arched, tapering to a point at each end, and approximately 80e reticulation of spongin fibers forming small triangular meshes of 100 Â 5e8 mm in size. 100 Â 180 up to 300 Â 370 mm in diameter within large polygonal Skeleton (Figure 5). Ectosomal skeleton: regular tangential meshes of 400 Â 450 up to 500 Â 550 mm in diameter. Primary fi- reticulation of spongin fibers forming larger (120e300 mmin bers: 30e40 mm (cored by 1e2 spicule), secondary fibers: 15e diameter) and smaller (70e80 mm in diameter) meshes; composed 20 mm (cored by 1 spicule). Choanosomal skeleton: reticulation of of primary, secondary, and tertiary fibers uncored spicule. Primary fasciculated primary fibers. Fascicles are 200e500 mm, individual fibers are 40e50 mm in diameter; secondary fibers are 25e20 mm primary fibers are 50e70 mm (cored by 3e5 spicules), and sec- and tertiary fibers are 10 mm (uncored by spicule) in diameters. ondary connecting fibers are 20e30 mm in diameters (cored by 1e2 Choanosomal skeleton: reticulation of the primary and secondary spicule). fibers. Primary fibers: 60e80 mm in diameter, cored with several Distribution. Korea (Jeju-do). rows of spicules ascending 130e260 mm apart. Secondary fibers: Diagnosis. This species is similar to Callyspongia flabelliformis 15e20 mm in diameter (cored by 1 spicules, mostly uncored). Tanita, 1968 in shape, habitat, growth form, and ectosomal and Distribution. Korea (Jeju-do). choanosomal skeleton, but it differs in spicule and mesh size. This Diagnosis. This species is similar to Callyspongia sphaer- new species has three types of spicules (oxea, strongyle, and style), icuslobatus Hoshino, 1981 in spicule and choanosomal skeleton, but Figure 3. Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov.: AeB, ectosomal skeleton; CeD, choanosomal skeleton. <scale bars: 500 mm (A, C); 100 mm (B, D)>. Please cite this article in press as: Hyung June K, Dong Won K, Two new species of the genus Callyspongia (Haplosclerida:Callyspongiidae) from Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.09.002 4 K Hyung June, K Dong Won / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2017) 1e5 Table 1. The comparison of characters between Callyspongia pyeongdaensis sp. nov. and Callyspongia flabelliformis Tanita, 1968. Characters Species C. pyeongdaensis sp. nov. C. flabelliformis Tanita, 1968 Shape Thin or thick encrusting Irregular, large, thin, or thick encrusting Habitat Intertidal zone, in shaded locations under rock Intertidal zone, in shaded locations under rock Ectosomal Structure Regular tangential reticulation of sponging fibers Irregular reticulation of fibers (cored with single to double rows of spicule) (cored with single to double rows of spicule) Mesh size 450e550 mm 200e400
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