DOCSLIB.ORG

Functional Studies of Novel Bioactives from Complex Host-Microbiomes As Drug Leads for Cancer, Infectious Disease, Depression and Pain" (2012)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Functional Studies of Novel Bioactives from Complex Host-Microbiomes As Drug Leads for Cancer, Infectious Disease, Depression and Pain University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Functional Studies of Novel Bioactives From Complex Host- Microbiomes as Drug Leads for Cancer, Infectious Disease, Depression and Pain John Jason Bowling Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bowling, John Jason, "Functional Studies of Novel Bioactives From Complex Host-Microbiomes as Drug Leads for Cancer, Infectious Disease, Depression and Pain" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 58. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/58 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF NOVEL BIOACTIVES FROM COMPLEX HOST- MICROBIOMES AS DRUG LEADS FOR CANCER, INFECTIOUS DISEASE, DEPRESSION AND PAIN A Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the Department of Pharmacognosy The University of Mississippi by John J. Bowling September 2012 Copyright ©2012 by John J. Bowling ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The drug discovery process has become increasingly complex in comparison to early efforts particularly those involving diseases or conditions that affect large numbers of the human population. It is difficult to point directly to one factor leading evolution of the process but the definition of a mechanism of pharmacological action for a drug lead has noticeably become a higher priority. This evolution has helped diminish the stigma of natural products and compound supply issues. The issue of compound supply has also been addressed to some extent with the emergence of recombinant technologies and new synthetic methodology. With approximately 60 years of research performed after the development of SCUBA, the drug discovery opportunities in the sea are still too numerous to count. Since the FDA approval of the “direct-from-the-sea” calcium channel blocker Prialt (ziconotide), marine natural products has been validated as a source for new medicines. However, the demand for natural products is extremely high due to the development of high-throughput assays and this bottleneck has created the need for an intense focus on increasing the rate of isolating and elucidating new bioactive secondary metabolites. A cystine-rich peptide asteropusin A (ASPA) was isolated from the marine sponge Asteropus sp. and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Administration of ASPA to veratridine-stimulated cerebrocortical neuron cells enhances calcium influx but does not modify the oscillation frequency amplitude ii of the neuronal calcium alone. Ion channel modulation is an emerging target for drug therapy and the discovery of an ion channel interacting knottin from Porifera accompanied by such high quality spatial details is an uncommon combination. Improvements made to the isolation of peptide metabolites from marine sponges of the Family Theonellidae enables the isolation of significant amounts of potential angiogenesis inhibitors like theopapuamide with high purity. The improvements are particularly relevant in future cases where nuisance components like the aurantoside dyes can lead to false indications of cytotoxicity or antifu ngal activity. The elucidation of a new theopapuamide analog by CID-MS from Theonella invaginata indicates the high level of peptide diversity found within this Family. Two functional studies of marine natural products contribute to the understanding of their mechanisms of biological activity which can provide insight into their future development as drugs. In the first study, aaptamine was found to possess anxiolytic effects in vivo using a chick anxiety model. A large number of neurological receptors and enzymes were screenedin vitro. In vivo functional challenges were then performed to validate the anxiolytic targetamong several putative candidates previously identified by the in vitro studies. The results of those challenges eliminated several anxiety linked receptor targets and indicated aaptamine as a modulator of monoamine oxidase inhibition activity in vivo as an alternative explanation. The second functional study evaluates new latrunculin B analogs and their correlation of predicted binding with G-actin to the inhibition of polymerization. The iii latrunculins are well-studied sponge derived inhibitors of actin polymerization and the results validate a method for in silico prediction activity this cancer drug target.. Natural products which are isolated in high yields can imply the absence of a utility for humans considering that discovery efforts areprimarily focused on producing drug and agrochemical agents. However, compounds which are abundant in one organism imply an ecological impact that can be studied for the development of an alternative use. A significant quantity of fragrant oil was obtained from a Jamaican Plakortis sp. by cryo-trap. The oil was determined to be exclusively n-decan-2-one. The antifouling character of the oil was evaluated by its effects on surface attachment of a Gram negative bacterial model using confocal fluorescence microscopy as well as its effects on the attachment of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel). The ketone (n-decan-2-one) inhibited attachment of the bacteria and zebra mussels. Although the aliphatic ketone alone is not a potential commercial alternative for antifouling coatings, incorporating the functionality into coating design is a feasible alternative. The unusual amount of oil extracted from the imported fire ant (Solenopsis sp.) may be an indication of the presence of oleaginous microorganisms or enzymes supporting the digestion of raw sugars. Heat of combustion of the ant oil was 133,000 BTU/ gal, an amount within the range of reported values for vegetable oil and biodiesel. This investigation offers a unique perspective of a potentially new source of microorganisms or enzymes useful for reducing the cost of producing an alternative fuel. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank God for giving me the strength to perservere. I would like to thank my wife, Terra, whom has stuck by me through a long and ostensibly never- ending journey to enable my fulfilment of a dream. I also want to acknowledge my children who provide me with great joy at home and thank Stacy Hargett for her support and care of my children during the completion of this dissertation. To my advisor Prof. Mark Hamann I am sincerely thankful for the opportunity he provided me to forge my own path while challengeing me to be productive in my field. I have had the pleasure of working alongside so many individuals in Prof. Hamann’s lab. They have provided me with valuable opinions about the quality of my work that enabled me to be a better communicator and scientist, and on ocassion provided comic relief to help ease the tension. I thank my committee members Profs. Daneel Ferreira, Ken Sufka, and Jordan Zjawiony for their guidance in the preparation of this dissertation and their numerous contributions to my academic progress. I acknowledge Ms. Casey Stauber who has been invauable in my day to day operations within the department and the remaining faculty members of the Department of Pharmacognosy for their course instruction. The following were responsible for bioactivity assessments: Dr. Thomas Murray of Crieghton University for ion channel studies, Mr. Jeffery Diers for antifouling assays, Eli-Lilly and Company for the angiogenesis assay, National Cancer Institute for v cytotoxicity testing, and Drs. Melissa Jacob and Shabana Khan as well as the staff of the National Center for Natural Products Research for antimalarial and antimicrobial and opportunistic infection assays, Prof. Ken Sufka and his student workforce for their chick anxiety asssay The following sharing materials and expertise: Drs. Huayue Li and Prof. Jia Jung of Pusan National Univeristy (Korea) for supplying knot peptide materials for structure elucidation. Dr. Safwat Ahmed for his assistance with the purification of latrunculin B and providing latrunculin analogs, Dr. James Anderson for his guidance in the collection and maintenance of ant colonies, Dr. Randy Wadkins for his guidance with the actin polymerization assay, Mr. David Watson for his guidance with Linux OS and molecular modeling. I would like to acknowledge the gracious financial support of Dr. Charles Hufford of the School of Pharmacy, Dr. Larry Walker of the NCNPR as well as support provided by the COBRE program through the Natural Products Neuroscien ce Fellowship, the Departments of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Chemistry, the Graduate Student Council, The University of Mississippi Biological Field Station, and Triton Biopharma LLC vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... xiii PART I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
    marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
    Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida).
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    Applications of Computational Methods and African Natural Product Databases to Search for Novel Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Biowissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Herrn M.Sc. Conrad Simoben, Veranso geboren am 19. Apr. 1990 in Nkambe Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Sippl, Halle Prof. Dr. Stefan Günther, Freiburg Prof. Dr. Dusanka Janezic, Ljubljana Datum der Disputation: 23 March 2021 i Abstract Computational methods have been proven to be shortcuts in developing novel lead compounds and drug candidates. They can cut down the cost as well as reduce the time involved. For example, computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) methods have been used to guide the discovery of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDACs represent an interesting class of Zn-dependent enzymes and they have been demonstrated to play important physiological roles associated with genome functions that have been linked to several diseases. In this thesis, several computational methods were applied to suggest novel molecules that could target HDAC isoforms. First, a new class of HDAC small inhibitor (“reverse hydroxamate” as zinc-binding motif) was discovered by virtual screening and confirmed to inhibit Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 (smHDAC8) with IC50 values in the low micromole range. Additional testing of the molecules indicated that they were equally potent inhibitors of human HDAC1, 6 and 8. The binding mode of the best hit could be confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Second, using virtual screening, a set of molecules with reverse HIV latency was discovered. They may act as a starting point in a structure-based design and/or in chemical optimization efforts to improve the HIV shock-and-kill-based strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • General Introduction and Objectives 3
    General introduction and objectives 3 General introduction: General body organization: The phylum Porifera is commonly referred to as sponges. The phylum, that comprises more than 6,000 species, is divided into three classes: Calcarea, Hexactinellida and Demospongiae. The latter class contains more than 85% of the living species. They are predominantly marine, with the notable exception of the family Spongillidae, an extant group of freshwater demosponges whose fossil record begins in the Cretaceous. Sponges are ubiquitous benthic creatures, found at all latitudes beneath the world's oceans, and from the intertidal to the deep-sea. Sponges are considered as the most basal phylum of metazoans, since most of their features appear to be primitive, and it is widely accepted that multicellular animals consist of a monophyletic group (Zrzavy et al. 1998). Poriferans appear to be diploblastic (Leys 2004; Maldonado 2004), although the two cellular sheets are difficult to homologise with those of the rest of metazoans. They are sessile animals, though it has been shown that some are able to move slowly (up to 4 mm per day) within aquaria (e.g., Bond and Harris 1988; Maldonado and Uriz 1999). They lack organs, possessing cells that develop great number of functions. The sponge body is lined by a pseudoepithelial layer of flat cells (exopinacocytes). Anatomically and physiologically, tissues of most sponges (but carnivorous sponges) are organized around an aquiferous system of excurrent and incurrent canals (Rupert and Barnes 1995). These canals are lined by a pseudoepithelial layer of flat cells (endopinacocytes).Water flows into the sponge body through multiple apertures (ostia) General introduction and objectives 4 to the incurrent canals which end in the choanocyte chambers (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: a Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir Within a Biodiversity Hotspot
    Marine Caves of the Mediterranean Sea: A Sponge Biodiversity Reservoir within a Biodiversity Hotspot Vasilis Gerovasileiou*, Eleni Voultsiadou Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract Marine caves are widely acknowledged for their unique biodiversity and constitute a typical feature of the Mediterranean coastline. Herein an attempt was made to evaluate the ecological significance of this particular ecosystem in the Mediterranean Sea, which is considered a biodiversity hotspot. This was accomplished by using Porifera, which dominate the rocky sublittoral substrata, as a reference group in a meta-analytical approach, combining primary research data from the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean) with data derived from the literature. In total 311 species from all poriferan classes were recorded, representing 45.7% of the Mediterranean Porifera. Demospongiae and Homoscleromorpha are highly represented in marine caves at the family (88%), generic (70%), and species level (47.5%), the latter being the most favored group along with Dictyoceratida and Lithistida. Several rare and cave-exclusive species were reported from only one or few caves, indicating the fragmentation and peculiarity of this unique ecosystem. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity varied among Mediterranean areas; the former was positively correlated with research effort, being higher in the northern Mediterranean, while the latter was generally higher in caves than in the overall sponge assemblages of each area. Resemblance analysis among areas revealed that cavernicolous sponge assemblages followed a pattern quite similar to that of the overall Mediterranean assemblages. The same pattern was exhibited by the zoogeographic affinities of cave sponges: species with Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution and Mediterranean endemics prevailed (more than 40% each), 70% of them having warm-water affinities, since most caves were studied in shallow waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Habitats and Biodiversity of Dampier and Montebello Marine
    CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE Benthic habitats and biodiversity of the Dampier and Montebello Australian Marine Parks Edited by: John Keesing, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Research March 2019 ISBN 978-1-4863-1225-2 Print 978-1-4863-1226-9 On-line Contributors The following people contributed to this study. Affiliation is CSIRO unless otherwise stated. WAM = Western Australia Museum, MV = Museum of Victoria, DPIRD = Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Study design and operational execution: John Keesing, Nick Mortimer, Stephen Newman (DPIRD), Roland Pitcher, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Joanna Strzelecki, Corey Wakefield (DPIRD), John Wakeford (Fishing Untangled), Alan Williams Field work: Belinda Alvarez, Dion Boddington (DPIRD), Monika Bryce, Susan Cheers, Brett Chrisafulli (DPIRD), Frances Cooke, Frank Coman, Christopher Dowling (DPIRD), Gary Fry, Cristiano Giordani (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia), Alastair Graham, Mark Green, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), John Keesing, Peter Karuso (Macquarie University), Matt Lansdell, Maylene Loo, Hector Lozano‐Montes, Huabin Mao (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Margaret Miller, Nick Mortimer, James McLaughlin, Amy Nau, Kate Naughton (MV), Tracee Nguyen, Camilla Novaglio, John Pogonoski, Keith Sainsbury (SainsSolutions), Craig Skepper (DPIRD), Joanna Strzelecki, Tonya Van Der Velde, Alan Williams Taxonomy and contributions to Chapter 4: Belinda Alvarez, Sharon Appleyard, Monika Bryce, Alastair Graham, Qingxi Han (Ningbo University, China), Glad Hansen (WAM),
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa 20 Years: Phylum Porifera
    Zootaxa 4979 (1): 038–056 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Review ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3409F59A-0552-44A8-89F0-4F0230CB27E7 Zootaxa 20 years: Phylum Porifera JOHN N.A. HOOPER1,2*, GERT WÖRHEIDE3,4,5, EDUARDO HAJDU6, DIRK ERPENBECK3,5, NICOLE J. DE VOOGD7,8 & MICHELLE KLAUTAU9 1Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-5954 2Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia 3Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 4SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 5GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-7421 [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-1085 6Museu Nacional/UFRJ, TAXPO - Depto. Invertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRASIL [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9403 7Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Dept. Marine Biodiversity, P.O. Box 9617, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5604 8Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands 9Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941- 902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnificines a and B, Antimicrobial Marine Alkaloids Featuring a Tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-A]
    marine drugs Article Magnificines A and B, Antimicrobial Marine Alkaloids Featuring a Tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]azepine-2,5(3H,6H)-dione Backbone from the Red Sea Sponge Negombata magnifica Diaa T. A. Youssef 1,* , Hani Z. Asfour 2, Grégory Genta-Jouve 3,4 and Lamiaa A. Shaala 5,6,7,* 1 Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 3 UMR 8038 CiTCoM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Avenue de l’observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; [email protected] 4 Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (UMR 7245), National Museum of Natural History, CNRS, 75231 Paris, France 5 Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 7 Suez Canal University Hospital, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.T.A.Y.); [email protected] (L.A.S.); Tel.: +966-548535344 (D.T.A.Y.) Abstract: Investigation of the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica gave two novel alkaloids, mag- Citation: Youssef, D.T.A.; Asfour, nificines A and B (1 and 2) and a new β-ionone derivative, (±)-negombaionone (3), together with H.Z.; Genta-Jouve, G.; Shaala, L.A. Magnificines A and B, Antimicrobial the known latrunculin B (4) and 16-epi-latrunculin B (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Extracts from Callyspongia Siphonella and Negombata Magnifica Sponges from the Red Sea, Induced Antiproliferative and Proa
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 24(7): 319 – 347 (2020) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Novel extracts from Callyspongia siphonella and Negombata magnifica sponges from the Red Sea, induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines Islam Rady1,2*, Mansour A.E. Bashar1 1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minnesota, USA. * Corresponding Author: [email protected] _______________________________________________________________________________ ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Marine organisms derived extracts have been shown to exert multiple anti- Received: Sept. 21, 2020 cancer activities. Two marine sponge species; finger-sponge ―Negombata Accepted: Oct. 24, 2020 magnifica (Nm)‖ and tube-sponge ―Callyspongia siphonella (Cs)‖ were Online: Nov. 1, 2020 collected during summer 2020 from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea, Egypt). Each _______________ sponge macerated with methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2), acetone (C H O), and chloroform (CHCl₃) separately into four different crude Keywords: 3 6 extracts for each sponge species and eight extracts as a total for both marine Sponges; species, where each extract was in vitro assessed for its antiproliferative and Callyspongia siphonella; proapoptotic activity in HepG-2, MCF7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines. Cs- Negombata magnifica; CH Cl , Cs-C H O , Cs-C H O, Cs-CHCl , Nm-CH Cl , Nm-C H O , Nm- Red Sea; 2 2 4 8 2 3 6 3 2 2 4 8 2 C H O, and Nm-CHCl , each in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the growth Anticancer; 3 6 3 of HepG2 cancer cells within IC values 17.53, 11.18, 9.97, 19.21, 9.14, 10.94, Antiproliferation; 50 8.78, and 7.23 μg/ml, respectively, MCF-7 cancer cells within IC values of Apoptosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae)
    DISCOVERY OF LOXOSOMELLA VIVIPARA (ENTOPROCTA: LOXOSOMATIDAE) IN THE MARINE SPONGE HIPPOSPONGIA CF. GOSSYPINA (PORIFERA: SPONGIIDAE) IN THE FLORIDA KEYS by Rachel Plunkett A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Charles E. Schmidt College of Science In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL December 2016 Copyright 2016 by Rachel Plunkett ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Shirley Pomponi and the rest of my thesis committee: Dr. Maria Diaz, Dr. Susan Laramore, and Dr. William Randy Brooks for their support, insightful comments, and motivation. My sincere thanks is also extended to Dr. Patricia Blackwelder, Dr. Stephen A. Bullard, and Raphael Orelis- Ribeiro for collaboration and access to the laboratory and research facilities needed to complete this research. Finally, I would like to thank Joan Plunkett, William Plunkett, and Phillip L’Amoreaux for their ceaseless love and moral support. iv ABSTRACT Author: Rachel Plunkett Title: Discovery of Loxosomella vivipara (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) in the Marine Sponge Hippospongia cf. gossypina (Porifera: Spongiidae) in the Florida Keys Institution: Florida Atlantic University Advisor: Dr. Shirley A. Pomponi Degree: Master of Science Year: 2016 Populations of a marine invertebrate symbiont were found on the outer surface and internal spaces of a keratose sponge from a shallow bay in the Florida Keys in May 2014. A total of 24 specimens of the seagrass and reef-dwelling sponge were collected between May 2014 and August 2015 to provide material to identify both host and symbiont, and elucidate information on the nature of the association.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 138: 181-187,1996 Published July 25 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Genetic evidence for extensive cryptic speciation in the subtidal sponge Plakina trilopha (Porifera: Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha) from the Western Mediterranean Guilherme ~uricy',~,Antonio M. Sole-Cava3r4,John P. Thorpe4, Nicole Boury-~snault 'Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria, C.T., bloco A, 5" andar, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 'Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, Universite de la Mediterranee, CNRS URA-41, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France 3Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria. C.C.S. bloco A, 21941 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 4Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Liverpool, Port Erin Marine Laboratory. Port Erin, Isle of Man IM9 6JA. United Kingdom ABSTRACT. To date, only 3 species of the sponge genus Plaklna Schulze have been identified in the Mediterranean: P, monolopha, P dilopha and P. trilopha. These species are distinguished on the basis of the presence of a particular spicule type (lophocalthrops) with 1. 2 and 3 lophate actines, respec- tively. In a survey of plak~nidson vertical walls and submanne caves in the Mediterranean around Marseilles, France, we found 4 different morphotypes of what would normally be identified as P trjlopha (i.e. with trilophose calthrops). However, slight but consistent differences in morpholog~cal characters and ecology led us to doubt the conspecificity of these morphotypes. Genetic divergence and reproductive isolation between morphotypes were investigated through allozyme electrophoresis.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Conservation Society Sponges of The
    MARINE CONSERVATION SOCIETY SPONGES OF THE BRITISH ISLES (“SPONGE V”) A Colour Guide and Working Document 1992 EDITION, reset with modifications, 2007 R. Graham Ackers David Moss Bernard E. Picton, Ulster Museum, Botanic Gardens, Belfast BT9 5AB. Shirley M.K. Stone Christine C. Morrow Copyright © 2007 Bernard E Picton. CAUTIONS THIS IS A WORKING DOCUMENT, AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO BE PROVISIONAL AND SUBJECT TO CORRECTION. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION IS ESSENTIAL BEFORE IDENTIFICATIONS CAN BE MADE WITH CONFIDENCE. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1. History .............................................................................................................. 1 2. “Sponge IV” .................................................................................................... 1 3. The Species Sheets ......................................................................................... 2 4. Feedback Required ......................................................................................... 2 5. Roles of the Authors ...................................................................................... 3 6. Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 3 GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE SECTION .................................................................... 5 1. Form ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]