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RAC6000 Industrial Computers Technical Reference Guide RAC6000 Industrial Computers Technical Reference Guide

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RAC6000 Industrial Computers Technical Reference Guide RAC6000 Industrial Computers Technical Reference Guide This document contains a collection of general computer technology information. It also contains detailed technical information for the RAC6000 industrial computer products. Here is an overview of the document: • Glossary of Terms – some independent websites of computer glossaries. • Computer Component Definitions – overview of key computer components and application to RAC6000 products. • Reliability Information – product MTBF overview and data. • RAC6000 Product Support – overview of RAC6000 computer support strategy. • Computer Technical Data Sheets – detailed technical specifications for RAC6000 Processor Cards and Active Motherboards. • RAC6000 Chemical Resistance – comprehensive tables for 6180, 6181, and 6185 products. Glossary of Terms The following websites contain detailed glossaries for computer terms and acronyms. http://www.geek.com/glossary/glossary.htm http://homepages.enterprise.net/jenko/Glossary/G.html http://www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary/dictionary.html Computer Component Definitions The following sections provide an overview for various computer terms and components, as well as their application to RAC6000 computer products. Passive Backplane Computers A computer platform consisting of a multi-slot backplane and a separate plug-in CPU card. Several years ago when computers were less reliable and changing rapidly, passive backplane computers were popular because it is easy to replace the CPU card for repairs or upgrades. Today passive backplane computers are popular because they can offer lots of add-in card slots, or can be designed to fit small enclosures. Passive backplane computers are primarily used in industrial and telecommunications applications, so their technology usually lags commercial PCs by at least 6 months. The 6155 and 6181 computers are passive back-plane designs. Active Motherboard Computers A computer platform with the processor, memory, I/O ports, and add-in card slots integrated onto a single circuit board. Almost all commercial PCs today contain active motherboards, because they are the most cost-effective design. Today’s trends are toward higher integration on the motherboard, such as embedded video and network interfaces. The most popular motherboard size is the ATX standard. The ATX standard defines the circuit board dimensions, the card slot and I/O connector locations, and the power supply voltage and current requirements. New PC technologies are first implemented on active motherboard designs for the commercial market. The 6155 and 6180 computers are ATX active motherboard designs, so can deliver these new technologies more quickly to the industrial PC market. ISA Slots “Industry Standard Adapter.” This is an add-in card slot that connects the card to the computer processor over the 8MHz ISA bus, with either an 8-bit or 16-bit data path. ISA is a legacy bus originally developed for the IBM PC. Most ISA cards do not support “Plug and Play”, so the user must manually configure the system memory and interrupts according to each card’s requirements. ISA slots are no longer available in most commercial computers, and are no longer listed in PC standards. Because many industrial applications still use ISA cards, all RAC6000 computers provide at least 1 ISA slot. PCI Slots “Peripheral Connect Interface.” This is an add-in card slot that connects the card to the computer processor over the 33MHz PCI bus. PCI cards support “Plug and Play”, which allows a computer’s BIOS to automatically assign resources to the cards. This makes it easy to install and configure PCI cards and their drivers. All RAC6000 computers provide at least 1 PCI slot. Shared Slots This is a physical slot that can be used as either an ISA slot or a PCI slot, but not both simultaneously. It has two connectors to support either card type. Shared slots are useful when backplane space is limited, because they increase the available mix of ISA and PCI slots. Card Slot Specification All RAC6000 literature defines computer slots by an “X / Y / Z” designation. The “X” denotes the number of PCI slots, the “Y” is the number of ISA slots, and “Z” is the number of shared slots. A computer with a 3/2/1 slot configuration has 3 PCI slots, 2 ISA slots, and 1 shared slot that can be used for either PCI or ISA. This computer can support up to 4 PCI and 2 ISA cards, or 3 PCI and 3 ISA cards. Processor Packages Intel has developed a variety of “standardized” electronic sockets for its Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Celeron processors. These packages are commonly referred to as Socket 7, Slot 1, and Socket 370. Socket 7 The original Intel Pentium processor socket is often called a “Socket 7” design. Many other companies offer drop-in processors for Socket 7 motherboards. The 6155 and 6180 Pentium 166MHz options are a socket 7 design. The 6181 CPU card is a Socket 7 design, and supports Intel Pentium 166MHz, Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz, and AMD K6-2 366MHz processors. The Pentium 166 and MMX233 are on Intel’s long-life or embedded roadmap. Slot 1 Intel changed to a “Slot 1” package with its Pentium II, Pentium III, and Celeron processors. The “Slot 1” package is a cartridge that plugs into the motherboard at a right angle. Some of the high-end Intel processors are still available in Slot 1. The 6155 and 6180 Pentium III options are currently Slot 1 designs, but will be migrating to Socket 370 with the next motherboard release. No Intel Slot 1 processors are on their long-life or embedded roadmap. Socket 370 Intel is now offering a “Socket 370” design in its new Pentium III and Celeron processors. Socket 370 processors have a more traditional integrated circuit package. The 6155 Celeron 433MHz CPU card is a Socket 370 design. The upcoming 6155 and 6180 new motherboard will be a Socket 370 design. The Pentium III 600MHz processor in Socket 370 packaging is on Intel’s embedded roadmap. RAM Computer random access memory (RAM) is packaged in either Single-Inline-Memory- Modules (SIMMs) or Dual-Inline-Memory-Modules (DIMMs). DIMMs are used today in most computers, because they offer a higher density. DIMMs are currently available in up to 256MB configurations. Computer motherboards and CPU cards have from 1 to 4 memory sockets. In older SIMM socket designs, 4 memory sockets are organized in 2 memory banks, 2 sockets to a bank. The SIMM devices in each bank must be the same size. Today’s computer boards with DIMM sockets to not have this restriction. Hard Drives Computer hard drives are mass storage devices to hold the operating system, application programs, and data files. Today’s hard drives are usually a single-platter device. The most popular size is a 3.5-inch platter for desktop systems. 2.5-inch platter hard drives are used in laptop computers. The hard drive connects back to the computer through either an EIDE or SCSI parallel bus. EIDE hard drives are the most popular because it is a less expensive interface. SCSI hard drives typically support faster data access times, but cost more than EIDE drives. Today’s 3.5-inch hard drive capacities start at around 10 Gigabytes, and are available up to hundreds of gigabytes. Hard drives are the fastest-changing technology in a computer system. Vendors typically only support specific models for 3 to 6 months. RAC6000 computers buffer these rapid changes by offering memory size ranges instead of specific sizes. These ranges are current Medium (8-13GB), Large (13-30GB), and Extra Large (30+GB). All single hard- drive computers use EIDE hard drives. The RAID1 dual hard drive option uses SCSI hard drives. Video cards A video interface takes digital information from the computer and converts it into video signals that drive the computer display. The speed of the interface between the video circuitry and processor influences the display’s update rates. Today’s most common interfaces are based on either a PCI bus interface or the newer AGP (Advanced Graphics Port) interface. The video interface can be either integrated into the motherboard or CPU card, or located on a separate video card. Most of today’s computer motherboards have a dedicated AGP slot. The video interface uses very high-speed memory to storage the digital video information. The amount of video memory required is a function of the display resolution and color depth. For simple VGA (640x480 pixels) resolution and 256-bit (1 byte) color, only 307,200 bytes of video memory are needed. That is 1 byte for each pixel. For XGA (1024x480 pixels) resolution and true 32-bit (4 byte) color, 3,145,728 bytes of video memory as required. This simple formula applies to typical computer applications. Some newer video technologies such as 3D graphics require more memory. Next-generation Intel processor chipsets will use system memory instead of traditional video memory. Allen-Bradley computers offer a variety of video interfaces. The 6181 computer and 6155 passive backplane computers have the video interface integrated into their CPU cards. These interfaces currently support 1-2MB video memory and PCI interfaces. No additional video card is required in these computers. The 6155 active motherboard computer uses standard commercial video cards. The current options are a 4MB PCI video card or an 8MB AGP video card. The 6180 active motherboard computers use custom-designed PCI and AGP video cards. The 6180 video cards are customized to provide internal connections to the integral LCD display, as well as support external video connections. The current options are a 4MB PCI video card or a 4MB AGP video card. The 4MB memory is sufficient to operate the highest resolution display option (15” LCD, 1024x768) in true-color depth.
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