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Richard G. Hewlett and Jack M. Holl. Atoms
ATOMS PEACE WAR Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission Richard G. Hewlett and lack M. Roll With a Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall and an Essay on Sources by Roger M. Anders University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Published 1989 by the University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission; work made for hire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewlett, Richard G. Atoms for peace and war, 1953-1961. (California studies in the history of science) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Nuclear energy—United States—History. 2. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission—History. 3. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. 4. United States—Politics and government-1953-1961. I. Holl, Jack M. II. Title. III. Series. QC792. 7. H48 1989 333.79'24'0973 88-29578 ISBN 0-520-06018-0 (alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii List of Figures and Tables ix Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall xi Preface xix Acknowledgements xxvii 1. A Secret Mission 1 2. The Eisenhower Imprint 17 3. The President and the Bomb 34 4. The Oppenheimer Case 73 5. The Political Arena 113 6. Nuclear Weapons: A New Reality 144 7. Nuclear Power for the Marketplace 183 8. Atoms for Peace: Building American Policy 209 9. Pursuit of the Peaceful Atom 238 10. The Seeds of Anxiety 271 11. Safeguards, EURATOM, and the International Agency 305 12. -
Biddle Benefit Dance
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA COLLEGE Vol. XXXII SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1952 No. 9 BIDDLE BENEFIT DANCE Fraternities Fined Bonfire Rally Before Season’s Final Game; For Parties Held Post-Game Dance to Honor Senior Players A giant pre-game bonfire rally and post-game dance are being During Homecoming planned for the last game of the season with the San Diego State Fines have been imposed on five Aztecs on Friday, Nov. 21. These events will climax Santa Barbara’s fraternities by the Activities Con most successful football season since 1940. The rally will be held trol Board as a result of parties at La Playa Stadium and start directly at 7:20 p.m. Song leaders, held during homecoming week. cheer leaders, the band and Stu According to Melida Horn, ACB dent Body President Fred Wade chairman, a policy had been set will all be on hand for the rally. ‘Burning Darkness’ by the board for homecoming that The San Diego State cheer lead no fraternities should have parties ers and song leaders also have after the game, so that the student To Be Next ASB Play been invited to attend. Mary Ot- body-sponsored dance could be a “In the Burning Darkness,” the ten is in charge of the rally and success. It was thought necessary next Associated Students play to Duane Mittan heads the bonfire NEW COLONEL’S COEDS chosen by ROTC cadets are (top row, left to right) Captain that the presence of all fraternities be presented, is now daily and committee. -
Memoires 1959-1961 Willem Oltmans
Memoires 1959-1961 Willem Oltmans bron Willem Oltmans, Memoires 1959-1961. In den Toren, Baarn 1988 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/oltm003memo04_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl / Willem Oltmans Stichting 6 Voor mejuffrouw Gertrude Buringh Boekhoudt 26 juli 1945 Be true to the highest within thee. Met de allerbeste wensen van je G. Buringh Boekhoudt. Opdracht in: Stefan Zweigs Die Augen des ewigen Bruders. Willem Oltmans, Memoires 1959-1961 7 Inleiding Steeds weer wordt mij gevraagd, waarom ik deze mémoires publiceer. Hoe verder ik met bewerken van mijn aantekeningen kom - ik ben met deel V bijna gereed en nader 1962 - hoe meer ik me aangemoedigd voel om verder te gaan. De twee voornaamste facetten van deze notities zijn: de publieke en historische observaties enerzijds en de psychologische en persoonlijke ervaringen anderzijds. Critici brengen altijd weer tegen dagboeken het afgezaagde argument in stelling, dat herinneringen niet ‘de’ waarheid zijn, maar ‘een’ waarheid. Dat mag waar zijn. Maar daar staat tegenover, dat de dagboekschrijver met oneindig veel meer accuratesse over het verleden bericht, dan hij, die op het notoire geheugen af gaat. In het geval van deze mémoires werd over een periode van vijftig jaar uitzonderlijk gedisciplineerd geschreven. Eerst als schooljongen en student, zoals deel I van 1925-1953 aangeeft, maar na 1953, toen ik journalist was geworden, veel meer als waarnemer, als correspondent van het leven binnen en buiten mezelf. Vooral in deel V, dat het jaar 1961 beslaat, en ik nauw betrokken was bij de kwestie Nieuw-Guinea, zoals deze zich achter de schermen afspeelde, doken details en gesprekken op, die waar zijn, omdat ze werden opgeschreven toen zij werden gevoerd, en die om die reden ongetwijfeld historische waarde hebben. -
SUOMI, RAUHANTURVAAMINEN JA KYLMÄ SOTA 1956–1990 Rauhanturvaaminen Osana Suomen Ulko- Ja Turvalli- Suuspolitiikkaa Sekä YK-Politiikkaa
TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA YLIOPISTON TURUN C 501 C Jukka Pesu SUOMI, RAUHANTURVAAMINEN JA KYLMÄ SOTA 1956–1990 Rauhanturvaaminen osana Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikkaa sekä YK-politiikkaa Jukka Pesu Painosalama Oy, Turku, Finland 2020 Finland Turku, Oy, Painosalama ISBN 978-951-29-8253-0 (Painettu/Print) ISBN 978-951-29-8254-7 (Sähköinen/PDF) TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA ISSN 0082-6995 (Painettu/Print) SARJA – -SER. C OSA – - TOM. 501 | SCRIPTA LINGUA FENNICA EDITA | TURKU 2020 ISSN 2343-3205 (Verkkojulkaisu/Online) 4f~ TURUN ~~ YLIOPISTO SUOMI, RAUHANTURVAAMINEN JA KYLMÄ SOTA 1956–1990 Rauhanturvaaminen osana Suomen ulko- ja turvalli- suuspolitiikkaa sekä YK-politiikkaa Jukka Pesu TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA – ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS SARJ A -– SER. C OSA –– TOM. 501 | SCRIPTA LINGUA FENNICA EDITA | TURKU 2020 1 Turun yliopisto Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Filosofian, poliittisen historian ja valtio-opin laitos Poliittinen historia Yhteiskunta- ja käyttäytymistieteiden tohtoriohjelma Tyn ohjaajat Professori Vesa Vares Yliopistonlehtori PhD Mika Suonpää Poliittinen historia Poliittinen historia Turun yliopisto Turun yliopisto Tarkastajat Professori Jussi Hanhimäki Dosentti Hanna Ojanen Graduate Institute of International and Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Development Studies Helsingin yliopisto Vastaväittäjä Professori Jussi Hanhimäki Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Turun yliopiston laatujärjestelmän mukaisesti tämän julkaisun alkuperäisyys on tarkastettu Turnitin OriginalityCheck-järjestelmällä. Kansikuva: Martti Tikka (Kypros 1973) ISBN 978-951-29-8253-0 (Painettu/Print) ISBN 978-951-29-8254-7 (Sähköinen/PDF) ISSN 0082-6995 (Painettu/Print) ISSN 2343-3205 (Verkkojulkaisu/Online) Painosalama Oy, Turku, Suomi 2020 TURUN YLIOPISTO Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Filosofian, poliittisen historian ja valtio-opin laitos Poliittinen historia JUKKA PESU: Suomi, rauhanturvaaminen ja kylmä sota 1956–1990: Rau- hanturvaaminen osana Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikkaa sekä YK- politiikkaa Väitöskirja, 578 s. -
The Freeman November 1952
NOV E M B E R 3. 1 9 5 2 25 ¢ Herbert. ltoover's,·Memoirs JohnCllamberlain God and Woman at Vassar Nancy Jane Fe/le,rs The Crime of Alpheus Ray Oliver Carlson Once Britons Owned Their Farms George Winder photograph by d'Arazien MANPOWER and KNOWLEDGE. • • two principal ingredients of J&l steel MEN make steel. No mistake about it, muscle and brains This particular discussion was not for the purpose of are used a-plenty in the myriad processes from ore to ingot exchanging knowledge about steel, though that is done, too, to finished products of Controlled Quality J&L SteeL at the proper times. These men, under the guidance of a In the old days steel was as good or as bad as the iron~ skilled conference leader, have come together to learn how master's skill. Now, because improved equipment and to help solve the human problems that come up on the technical knowledge have taken out guesswork, you get job every day. uniform performance from J&L steel, order after order, day It is only one of the groups of J&L men who meet after day. But there's more to steel-making than machines regularly to learn more about economics, human relations, and technical knowledge. And there's more to a man than and whytheJ &L managementdoes things in a particularway. muscle and brains. This sharing of knowledge and experience, understandin~, J&L's management knows that. That's why these J&L and teamwork among steelmen-is just one of the activities supervisors who have come right off their jobs in the mills going on behind the J&L trademark, all directed toward one are meeting. -
Gabinete Adjunto De Crisis KGB Guerra Fría
Gabinete Adjunto de Crisis KGB Guerra Fría 12 DE MARZO DE 1947 [email protected] Manual de Procedimientos COSMUN 2020 Manual de Procedimientos GAC Presidente: Gregorio Noreña Vice-Presidente: Ilana Garza 1. Página de portada 2. Cartas de la mesa 2.1. Carta del presidente 2.2. Carta del vice presidente 3. ¿Qué es un GAC? (Composición) 3.1. Gabinetes 3.2. Sala de crisis 3.3. Funcionamiento 4. Historia 4.1. Creación de la KGB 4.2. La KGB en el bloque socialista 4.3. Esctructura 5. La Guerra Fría 5.1. Introducción 5.2. Antecedentes históricos 5.3. Información general 5.4. Guerras subsidiarias 5.5. Final de la guerra 6. Situación Actual 6.1. (1947) 7. Cargos 7.1. Presidente del consejo de ministros de la Unión Soviética 2 7.2. Presidente del presidium del Soviet Supremo 7.3. Primer viceprimer ministro de la Unión Soviética (3) 7.4. Secretario general del partido comunista de la Unión Soviética 7.5. Director de la KGB 7.6. Ministro de relaciones exteriores de la Unión Soviética 7.7. Embajador de la Unión Soviética a los Estados Unidos 7.8. Representante permanente de la Unión Soviética ante las Naciones Unidas 7.9. Ministro de justicia de la Unión Soviética 8. Personajes importantes 8.1. Iósif Stalin 8.2. Nikita Jrushchov 8.3. Leonid Brézhnev 8.4. Nikolái Bulganin 8.5. Vasili Mitrojin 8.6. Albrecht Dittrich/Jack Barsky 8.7. Andrei Zhdanov 8.8. Mijail Gorbachov 8.9. Aleksei Kosyguin 8.10. Nikolai Podgorni 8.11. Konstantin Chernenko 8.12. -
Unity in the UN Security Council: Voting Patterns in the UN's Peace and Security Organ
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2018 (Dis)unity in the UN Security Council: Voting Patterns in the UN's Peace and Security Organ Paul M. Romita The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2684 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] (DIS)UNITY IN THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL: VOTING PATTERNS IN THE UN’S PEACE AND SECURITY ORGAN by Paul Romita A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 © 2018 PAUL ROMITA All Rights Reserved ii (Dis)unity in the UN Security Council: Voting Patterns in the UN’s Peace and Security Organ by Paul Romita This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________ ______________________________________ Date Thomas G. Weiss Chair of Examining Committee _________________ ______________________________________ Date Alyson Cole Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Thomas G. Weiss Bruce Cronin Peter Liberman THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract (Dis)unity in the UN Security Council: Voting Patterns in the UN’s Peace and Security Organ by Paul Romita Advisor: Thomas G. -
Russia and the Question of Successor State to the Soviet Union
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 12 (2017 10) 1840-1855 ~ ~ ~ УДК 94:17.02(47+57)“19/20” From Russianisation to Legalisation: Russia and the Question of Successor State to the Soviet Union Emmanuel Oladipo Ojoa,b* a Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria b Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 09.10.2017, received in revised form 24.11.2017, accepted 08.12.2017 For some supposedly obvious – or oblivious – reasons, Russia is almost always referred to as the successor State to the defunct Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, just as the USSR itself was the successor to Tsarist Russia. Following the February Revolution and the 15 March 1917 abdication of Emperor Nicolas II, the three–century old Romanov dynasty was thrown off the throne. Also in the same manner, following the October Revolution and the overthrow of the Alexander Kerensky–led Provisional Government, four Socialist Republics were established on the territory of the defunct Russian Empire – these were the Russian and Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics and the Ukrainian and Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republics. On 28 December 1922, these constituent Republics established the USSR and additional union republics were later established. The USSR lasted seven decades and collapsed in 1991 resulting in the dismemberment of the 15–member geo–polity. For some probably fairly clear historical and demographical factors – but oftentimes ‘traditional supposition’ – the Russian -
There Was a Man of UNRRA: Internationalism, Humanitarianism, and the Early Cold War in Europe, 1943-1947
There Was a Man of UNRRA: Internationalism, Humanitarianism, and the Early Cold War in Europe, 1943-1947 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amanda Melaine Bundy Graduate Program in History. The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Jennifer Siegel, Advisor Peter Hahn Robin Judd Copyrighted by Amanda Melaine Bundy 2017 Abstract This dissertation analyzes the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), a postwar humanitarian organization. UNRRA represented a new internationalist spirit in humanitarian cooperation, but its demise after only three years of operation reflects the emerging divisions between the Western democracies and the Soviet Union. UNRRA leadership and personnel faced daunting challenges in confronting the refugee crisis and rebuilding devastated nations. Because UNRRA was an innovation in international humanitarian cooperation, no precedent existed for those on the ground. Relief became politicized, as UNRRA staff sought to remain neutral in an increasingly bipolar context. In Greece and Italy, UNRRA implemented vital public health programs that eased the suffering of the populations in those nations. In Poland and Yugoslavia, UNRRA was caught between its neutral mission to provide relief to anyone in need, and the increasing pressure from the United States not to feed Communists. In Germany, leadership undermined the mission to provide help for displaced persons. In Ukraine and Byelorussia, American leadership overcame significant negative public opinion to deliver relief. Ultimately, UNRRA and the internationalism that created it fell victim to the breakdown of the postwar alliance. ii To my mother, Who loves and works with equal passion iii Acknowledgments A number of people deserve my deepest gratitude for their support. -
THE SOVIET VIEW of the UNITED NATIONS Alexander Dallin Uited Nationa Pro -T
THE SOVIET VIEW OF THE UNITED NATIONS Alexander Dallin UIted Nationa Pro -t T So'TP T 'TEW IF THE U2N 'eT t' TON by Ale;:ander TDalli Maeachuset La is t' tute of iiology Centor for ena ti onat I t i Cambridge, M August 1959 THE SOVIET VIEW OF THE UNITED NATIONS by Alexander Dallin CONTENTS Foreword . .. o .. 1 1 International Law and International Organization: The Soviet Vie w, .. .... .. .. .o .. ... 3 II. The Soviet Union and International Organization: The Antecedents. .... .... o . 13 Lenin and International Organization .. .. .. .. 13 The League of Nations. 1919-1934 0. o a 0 ae 14 The League of Nations, 1934-1939 o 17 The Second World War: The Road to the United Nations. 20 111 The Soviet Union in the United Nations: The First Decade 26 Conflict ... ... ... ... .. .. S 0 a. ) 0 0 0e 26 Crisis o .. oo oo .o o o 0 ,0 0 00 4 31 "Coexistence .. ... .. ... .o -0 SQ e ) 00 39 V0 Soviet Attitudes and Behavior: Some Key Problems. .0 44 National Sovereignty . o0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 44 The Veto . .. .. o ... ... * o o 0 0 U 49 Organization and Revision. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 52 The Afro-Asian States. .. .. .. .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 Specialized Agencies . ... .. ... a.0 0 00 0 60 Disarmament and Nuclear Weapons0 .. .. 0 0 0 a. 0 . 66 Vo The Domestic Image of the United Nations. 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 72 VI. Soviet Personnel at the United Nations. 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 79 Soviet Personnel . -
The Secretary-General and His Leadership Role in International Crises
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1974 The Secretary-General and His Leadership Role in International Crises Richard Grant Condit College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Condit, Richard Grant, "The Secretary-General and His Leadership Role in International Crises" (1974). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624866. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-adda-ax93 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SECROTAHY-GENT5RAL AND HIS LEADERSHIP ROLE IN INTERNATIONAL CRISES A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of Government The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts hy Richard G # Condit 1974 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Richard G. Condit Approved, August 1972* Chonghar^K^f^ Margare^L. Hamilton ii 60442? TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . ................ iv INTRODUCTION ......... * . 2 CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND .......... .......... 6 The Predecessors 6 Sir Eric Drummond 8 Joseph Avenol 13 Sean Le ster . • . « . ® . « . 17 The Appointment Process .•••••••«•...«••• . 20 The Constitutional Role of the Secretary-General . 28 CHAPTER II: FORMS OF INFLUENCE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL .... 32 CHAPTER III: EXAMPLES OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE SECRETARY- GENERAL .............. -
Luncheons, Dinners and Receptions - Volumes I, II
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 08/06/2006 Time 11:11:48 AM S-0864-0001-04-00001 Expanded Number S-0864-0001 -04-00001 Title items-in-Public relations files - luncheons, dinners and receptions - Volumes I, II Date Created 08/09/1962 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0864-0001: Public Relations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit o cr s(D to U) CO Ci- ts' fv*c~ L* t'U yi«-«.t-jc^. lu»«*4 *" X_*vC*~- — 4 . <*w. fXvi*^. *T* K^vCjU W*"IU, ic l w 9} <VtfV-vwO-«.^~ 26 December 1962 The Secretary-General H.E. Mr. Kuznetsov Mr. Amachree Mr. Narasimhan H.E. Mr. Morozov Mr. Mendelevich Mr. Potrubatch General Rikhye Mr. Zherebtsov Mr. Tchernyshev Mr. Nosek Mr. Loutfi Mr. Kiselev H.E. Mr. Zorin SG luncheon - Wednesday, 26 December 1962, 1.15 p.nu, 35th floor to bid farewell to H.E. Mr, tT.A. Zorin USSR Mission H.E. Mr. V. V. Kuznetzov H.E. Mr. P. D. Morozov ? Mr. P. M. Tchernyshev Mr. L. I. Mendelevitch Mr. V. N. Zherebtsov UN Secretariat Mr. E. D. Kiselev ^ Mr. C. V. Narasimhan Mr. Jiri Nosek ^ Mr. G. K. J. Amachree ^ Mr. Omar Loutfi 'G- Mr. Michael Potrubatch ,e Brigadier I. J. Rikhye ^ The Secretary-General fa~ „ V Wru**^*—' ' / CR.13 (4-59) ROUT4NG SLIP I Comments for the record should not be written on this slip. REFERRAL SHEET PT.l08 should be used instead. TO: ^f APPROVAL YOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS Adams, Maurice Sydney Morning Herald Sirotsky, Nahum Jornal do Brasil Nedyalkov, Nikola Bulgarian Telegraph Agency Van Ky, Tran La Verite MacSween, Joseph Canadian Press Einfrank, Aaron Toronto Telegram Lin, Chen Chi Central Hews Agency of China Portela, Francisco Prensa Latina Vercak, Oldrich Czechoslovak News Agency Zemanek, Alexander it it i> Wolff, Georges R.