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Centro Agronómico Tropical De Investigación Y Enseñanza Escuela De Posgrado
CENTRO AGRONÓMICO TROPICAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA ESCUELA DE POSGRADO Impacto potencial del cambio climático en bosques de un gradiente altitudinal a través de rasgos funcionales por: Eugenia Catalina Ruiz Osorio Tesis sometida a consideración de la Escuela de Posgrado como requisito para optar por el grado de Magister Scientiae en Manejo y Conservación de Bosques Tropicales y Biodiversidad Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2013 I DEDICATORIA § A Juan Carlos Restrepo Arismendi § II AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Organización Internacional de Maderas Tropicales (OIMT) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) a través del proyecto CLIMIFORAD por el apoyo económico. A los miembros del comité especialmente a Bryan por creer en mí, Sergio por la paciencia, Diego por ser pura vida y Nelson por las asesorías botánicas. A los ayudantes de campo Vicente Herra, Leo Coto, Leo Jimenez y Mariela Saballos, por hacer de mi trabajo el de ustedes y alivianar las labores de campo. A Gloria y Jorge de la Reserva Biológica El Copal, a los guardaparques Merryl, Alexis, Leo, Juan y Agüero del Parque Nacional Tapantí-Macizo de la Muerte; Deiver, Giovany, Oscar y Carlos del Parque Nacional Barbilla. A la gran familia de Villa Mills: Marvin, Norma, Randal, Gallo y Belman. A los que me ayudaron a medir las hojas: Manuel, Cami, Julián, Jose Luis, Álvaro, Karime, Di, Juliano, Amilkar y Rebeca. A Manuel, Fabi, Jose y Dario por su solidaridad y compañía. A Zamora, Cristian y Nata por los mapas. A Fernando Casanoves por las contribuciones en la tesis A mi familia y mis amigos en CATIE Las personas crecen a través de la gente, si estamos en buena compañía es más agradable. -
Seeds and Plants Imported
y ... - Issued July 26, 191$ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 4089G TO 41314.) "WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. Issued July 26,1918. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 40896 TO 41314.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL P. KELLBRMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL, Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAPF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge, P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, in Charge of Plant Protection and Plant Propagation. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer, Wilson Popenoe, and F. C. Reimer, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Henry E. Allanson, D. A. Bisset, R. N. Jones, P. G. Russell, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Scientific Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. E. O. Orpet, Assistant in Plant Introduction. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. -
Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation
Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e. -
(Anacardium Excelsum) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR
PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLÍ (Anacardium excelsum) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR 2017 “PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLÍ (Anacardium excelsum) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR.” Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca CAR Dirección de Modelamiento, Monitoreo y Laboratorio Ambiental DMMLA Grupo de Biodiversidad Bogotá, D.C. 2017 “PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLÍ (Anacardium excelsum) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR.” Autor: Giovanny Andres Morales Mora – Ingeniero Forestal Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracolí (Anacardium excelsum) en la jurisdicción CAR. Giovanny Andres Morales Mora. Bogotá, Colombia: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR, 2016. Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Revisión técnica: John Eduard Rojas Rojas Cartografía: Lina María Porte Martínez Fotografía: Giovanny A. Morales Mora y Juan Camilo Duque Yate. Disponible en: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Carrera 7 36-45 Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Tel: 3209000 www.car.gov.co Cítese como: Morales G.A. 2016. Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracolí (Anacardium excelsum) en la jurisdicción CAR. Bogotá, Colombia, 47 pp. 2 Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................ 6 1. CONTEXTO GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Familia Anacardiaceae en Colombia............................................................................ 7 1.2. Géneros -
1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14 -
Heterodichogamy.Pdf
Research Update TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution Vol.16 No.11 November 2001 595 How common is heterodichogamy? Susanne S. Renner The sexual systems of plants usually Heterodichogamy differs from normal (Zingiberales). These figures probably depend on the exact spatial distribution of dichogamy, the temporal separation of underestimate the frequency of the gamete-producing structures. Less well male and female function in flowers, in heterodichogamy. First, the phenomenon known is how the exact timing of male and that it involves two genetic morphs that is discovered only if flower behavior is female function might influence plant occur at a 1:1 ratio. The phenomenon was studied in several individuals and in mating. New papers by Li et al. on a group discovered in walnuts and hazelnuts5,6 natural populations. Differential of tropical gingers describe differential (the latter ending a series of Letters to movements and maturation of petals, maturing of male and female structures, the Editor about hazel flowering that styles, stigmas and stamens become such that half the individuals of a began in Nature in 1870), but has gone invisible in dried herbarium material, population are in the female stage when almost unnoticed7. Indeed, its recent and planted populations deriving from the other half is in the male stage. This discovery in Alpinia was greeted as a vegetatively propagated material no new case of heterodichogamy is unique new mechanism, differing ‘from other longer reflect natural morph ratios. The in involving reciprocal movement of the passive outbreeding devices, such as discovery of heterodichogamy thus styles in the two temporal morphs. dichogamy…and heterostyly in that it depends on field observations. -
117 La Familia Combretaceae En La Cuenca Del Río Balsas
Núm.19, pp.117-153, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2005 LA FAMILIA COMBRETACEAE EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO BALSAS, MÉXICO Erika Margarita Pagaza Calderón Rafael Fernández Nava Laboratorio de Fanerógamas, Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN Apartado Postal 17-564, México, DF, CP 11410, MÉXICO RESUMEN Dentro del área de estudio se reconoce la existencia de cinco géneros con ocho En el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión especies de la familia Combretaceae: Bucida taxonómica de la familia Combretaceae para wiginsiana, Combretum argenteum, C. el área de la cuenca del río Balsas; se decandrum, C. fruticosum, C. laxum, incluyen descripciones y claves Conocarpus erecta, Laguncularia racemosa, dicotómicas para la identificación de los y Terminalia catappa. El género Bucida es géneros y las especies que se distribuyen reportado por primera vez para el área de dentro de la zona de estudio. estudio. El proyecto se desarrolló mediante la ABSTRACT revisión de más de 200 ejemplares de los herbarios de las siguientes instituciones: In this paper we present a taxonomic Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas revision of the family Combretaceae for the (ENCB), Instituto de Biología de la UNAM Balsas River basin, Mexico. The study area (MEXU), Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM covers part of 8 states of our country (State (FCME), Universidad Autónoma de of Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Chapingo, Sección de Posgrado (CHAP); Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla and Tlaxcala). Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales (INIF), Universidad Autónoma The present work includes descriptions and del Estado de Morelos (HUMO) y la dichotomous keys for identifying genera Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana and species distribuited on this area. -
Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so. -
Vestured Pits in Wood of Onagraceae: Correlations with Ecology, Habit, and Phylogeny1
VESTURED PITS IN WOOD OF Sherwin Carlquist2 and Peter H. Raven3 ONAGRACEAE: CORRELATIONS WITH ECOLOGY, HABIT, AND PHYLOGENY1 ABSTRACT All Onagraceae for which data are available have vestured pits on vessel-to-vessel pit pairs. Vestures may also be present in some species on the vessel side of vessel-to-ray pit pairs. Herbaceous Onagraceae do not have fewer vestures, although woods with lower density (Circaea L. and Oenothera L.) have fewer vestures. Some Onagraceae from drier areas tend to have smaller vessel pits, and on that account may have fewer vestures (Epilobium L. and Megacorax S. Gonz´alez & W. L. Wagner). Pit apertures as seen on the lumen side of vessel walls are elliptical, occasionally oval, throughout the family. Vestures are predominantly attached to pit aperture margins. As seen from the outer surfaces of vessels, vestures may extend across the pit cavities. Vestures are usually absent or smaller on the distal portions of pit borders (except for Ludwigia L., which grows consistently in wet areas). Distinctive vesture patterns were observed in the several species of Lopezia Cav. and in Xylonagra Donn. Sm. & Rose. Vestures spread onto the lumen-facing vessel walls of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven. Although the genera are presented here in the sequence of a recent molecular phylogeny of Onagraceae, ecology and growth forms are more important than evolutionary relationships with respect to abundance, degree of grouping, and morphology of vestured pits. Designation of vesture types is not warranted based on the distribution of named types in Onagraceae and descriptive adjectives seem more useful, although more data on vesturing in the family are needed before patterns of diversity and their extent can be fully ascertained. -
A Highly Resolved Food Web for Insect Seed Predators in a Species&
A highly-resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Gripenberg, S., Basset, Y., Lewis, O. T., Terry, J. C. D., Wright, S. J., Simon, I., Fernandez, D. C., Cedeno-Sanchez, M., Rivera, M., Barrios, H., Brown, J. W., Calderon, O., Cognato, A. I., Kim, J., Miller, S. E., Morse, G. E., Pinzon- Navarro, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Robbins, R. K., Salminen, J.-P. and Vesterinen, E. (2019) A highly-resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest. Ecology Letters, 22 (10). pp. 1638-1649. ISSN 1461-0248 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13359 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84861/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13359 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Ecology Letters, (2019) doi: 10.1111/ele.13359 LETTER A highly resolved food web for insect seed predators in a species-rich tropical forest Abstract Sofia Gripenberg,1,2,3,4* The top-down and indirect effects of insects on plant communities depend on patterns of host Yves Basset,5,6,7,8 Owen T. -
Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae
PHYLOGENY Andre'S. Chanderbali,2'3Henk van der AND HISTORICAL Werff,3 and Susanne S. Renner3 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LAURACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currentlyrecognized genera are inferredfrom sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF,trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpll6 regions of cpDNA, and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal lade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstructthe biogeographic historyof the family.Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyeanmigration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilauruls lade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora docu- mented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae lade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group -
The Effect of Flower Angle on Bat Pollination of Mucuna Urens (F
The effect of flower angle on bat pollination of Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae) Laura Grieneisen Department of Biology, The College of William & Mary ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between bat pollination and flower angle in Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae). To determine the natural variation among M. urens, the angles of 100 M. urens flowers were measured with a protractor to the nearest 5o. The mean angle was -82.45o from the horizon, the mode was -90o, and the range was from -45o to -105o. Approximately one-third of the flowers were tied so that they opened at 90o greater than the natural angle, one-third were tied to open at 90o less than the natural angle, and one-third were left at the natural angle. Over several nights, the pollination status of 383 mature M. urens flowers was observed. More flowers than expected were pollinated at the natural angle and fewer flowers than expected were pollinated at the positive and negative angles. (X2 = 63.96, p<0.001, df = 2). This suggests that natural M. urens flower angles are more accessible to bats than other angles. RESUMEN El propósito de este investigación es examinar la relación entre la polinización por murciélagos y el ángulo de la flor en Mucuna urens (F. Papilionaceae). Para saber la variedad natural sobre M. urens, se midieron los ángulos de 100 M. urens flores con un transportador al grado cinco más cercano. El promedio del ángulo fue -82.45º del horizonte, la moda fue -90º, y el rango fue de -45º a -105º.