DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Souza Brito, Ana Carolina; Ferraro, Alexandre; Almeida Assunção, Vivian; Burnham, Robyn J.; Bagnatori Sartori, Ângela Lúcia Liana species composition differs, in spite of trait similarities, in two adjacent forest types in Central Brazil Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 65, no. 3, 2017, pp. 1215-1225 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29452 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44954192031 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Liana species composition differs, in spite of trait similarities, in two adjacent forest types in Central Brazil Ana Carolina Souza Brito1, Alexandre Ferraro2, Vivian Almeida Assunção3, Robyn J. Burnham4 & Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori Sartori5* 1. Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; [email protected] 2. Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior Agrícola “Luiz de Queiroz”. Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected] 3. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute (JBRJ), Botanical Sistematics Unity, Rua Pacheco Leão 915 / sala 213, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; [email protected] 4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079 U.S.A.; [email protected] 5. Program in Vegetal Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Caixa Postal 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 06-IX-2016. Corrected 08-V-2017. Accepted 06-VI-2017. Abstract: In the Parana basin, the Serra de Maracaju juxtaposes the Seasonal Dry Forest and the cerradão (a phytophysiognomy of Cerrado), two distinct vegetation types that differ in canopy height, tree density, and com- position of the understory. In the same way, these differences may be reflected in the composition of climbing plant species found in these two forest types. Thus, in this study we compared the climbing species in two forest fragments of Serra de Maracaju to understand: (1) Are species richness and floristic composition of climbing plants similar in cerradão and seasonal deciduous forest?, (2) What degree of floristic compositional differ- ence exists between the two vegetation types?, (3) Do the two vegetation types differ significantly in climbing mechanisms, life forms, and dispersal syndromes represented among climbing species? For this, we established and sampled four plots per forest type over 24 months. Species were identified and each one classified, based on three discrete traits. Proportional differences were analyzed using chi-square tests. Our results showed that spe- cies richness and floristic composition of climbing plants in the cerradão and the seasonal deciduous forest were not similar. Climber species richness in cerradão was 37 while in the seasonal deciduous forest it was 31; they share only 13 species. Four families, Dioscoreaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Sapindaceae, included over 60 % of the climbing species. The morphological traits most common in both forest types were herbaceous life form, apical twining mechanism, and wind dispersal. Dioscoreaceae was found to be the dominant family, but is the first time to be reported for this condition in Brazil. Bignoniaceae and Passifloraceae ocurred only in the cerradão, and Asteraceae and Combretaceae in the seasonal deciduous forest; some species were found exclu- sively in a type of forest. Floristic composition of the cerradão and seasonal deciduous forest fragments were substantially different, in spite of physical proximity. However, their climbing species are not statistically dis- tinct in morphological characteristics, possibly due to uniform climatic conditions and the similarity of species because of a shared ancestry (similar families). Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1215-1225. Epub 2017 September 01. Key words: climbing mechanism, dispersion, life form, cerradão, Dioscoreaceae. Tropical climates support climbing flor- richness to tropical forests (Hergarty & Caballé, as with high species richness, morphological 1991; Engel, Fonseca, & Oliveira, 1998), and diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. Climber occurring in both evergreen and seasonal for- species play essential roles in tropical plant ests. Collectively, climbers show tolerance communities, contributing with significant to large ranges of latitude, altitude, climate, Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 65 (3): 1215-1225, September 2017 1215 and soil types (Gentry, 1991). At least 133 plant savanna to other vegetation types and promote families include the climbing habit, which species compositional similarities (Oliveira- evolved independently several times; indeed Filho & Ratter, 2002; Pinheiro & Monteiro, almost 40 % of vascular plant families in Bra- 2010). Seasonal forests are distinct from zil include climbers (Schenck, 1892; Richards, cerradão in growing on deeper and more 1952; Gentry, 1991; Araújo & Alves, 2010). fertile soils (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter, 2002; Climbers vary from absent or scarce in grass- Salis et al., 2004). lands, to dominant in “Mata de Cipó” (liana This distinction between seasonal forest forest), a type of ombrophilous forest in the and cerradão is seen in central Brazil in the Southern Amazon basin (Engel et al., 1998; Serra de Maracaju, a series of escarpments IBGE, 2012). In Central Brazil, climbers are on the basalt plateau in the Parana basin. The diverse and widely distributed in Cerrado (or vegetation contact extends from South-Central Savanna) vegetation (Filgueiras, 2002) and in Brazil to Uruguay, and from Mato Grosso do other seasonal forests (Hora & Soares, 2002; Sul to the adjacent states of Goias and Mato Rezende & Ranga, 2005). Grosso (Martins, 2003). The Southern part of While climbing species may tolerate dif- the mountain range is rugged with steep hills, ferent soil and climatic conditions, local biotic harboring several phytophysiognomies of vary- and abiotic factors may determine the presence ing floristic composition, which may allow and abundance of individual species. These interconnections between seasonal forests and factors include host plant availability, canopy other vegetation types. Previous research in density, and temperature and rainfall season- the region (Ramos & Sartori, 2013; Assunção, ality (Putz, 1984; Gentry, 1991). Similarly, Casagrande, & Sartori, 2014) did not include morphological variation in life form, climb- climbing species. High rates of deforestation ing mechanism, and dispersal syndrome may in the mountain range contribute to a lack of be associated with climber distribution: for information on the flora and its biogeographi- example herbaceous species are more preva- cal affinities. Knowledge of the species that lent in open vegetation while woody species are restricted to specific environmental condi- are more common in mature forest. The api- tions (e.g., hills with rocky outcrops or val- cal twining mechanism for ascent is the most leys with deeper soils) would provide a better common mechanism in most studied habitats, picture of the regional conservation value, and because it is effective on host plants of the included phytophysiognomies, and their small diameter, many species are apical twin- species diversity. ers where richness is high (Putz & Holbrook, For this study, we predicted that the climb- 1991). Wind dispersal (anemochory) is often er composition in two phytophysiognomies cited as the most common dispersal strategy for of the Serra de Maracaju would be different, climbers, and increases relative to animal dis- based on differences in the structure of the host persal, especially in dry forests (Gentry, 1991). vegetation that provides support for climbing Close floristic relationships have been plants. This prediction derives from climbing proposed for Cerrado vegetation and frag- plant data from other fragmented forests, such ments of seasonal forest that resulted from as seasonal and riparian forests (Rezende & climatic and edaphic changes at the end of the Ranga, 2005; Santos, Kinoshita, & Rezende, Quaternary (Pinheiro & Monteiro, 2010). Cer- 2009; Vargas, Araújo, Schiavini, Rosa, & Hat- rado encompasses several vegetation sub-types tori, 2013). We aimed to answer these ques- (Ribeiro & Walter, 1998), ranging from forest tions: (1) What is the species richness and (riparian forest and cerradão) to savannas (cer- floristic composition of climbing plants in rado sensu stricto, savannah park, palmeiral, cerradão versus seasonal deciduous forest?, (2) vereda), to countryside (disturbed fields, rocky What degree of floristic compositional differ- fields, grasslands). Seasonal forests may link ence exists between the two vegetation types?, 1216 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 65 (3): 1215-1225, September 2017 and (3) Do the two phytophysiognomies dif- stems of all diameters were considered so as to fer significantly in climbing mechanisms, life include both herbaceous and woody life forms. forms, and dispersal syndromes of climbers? The family level classification followed the system of APG
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
    Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture Végétative Et Structure Inflorescentielle De
    ARCHITECTURE VÉGÉTATIVE ET STRUCTURE INFLORESCENTIELLE DE QUELQUES MELASTOMACEAE GUYANAISES Cette étude a -fait l’objet d’une thèse de doctorat de 3’ cv& en Biologie et Physiologie végétales, souterme le 2.2 Mars 1983 à l’Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg. GLa loi du 11 mars 1957 n’autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l’article 41, d’une part, que les ((copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l’usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective» et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un but d’exemple et d’illustration, «toute représentation ou repro- duction intégrale, ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite )) (alinéa 1 er de l’article 40). GCette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefacon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code Pénal». ISSN : 037 I-6023 0 ORSTOM 1986 ISBN : 2-7099-0808-5 Georges CREMERS ARCHITECTURE VÉGÉTATIVE ET STRUCTURE INFLORESCENTIELLE DE QUELQUES MELASTOMACEAE GUYANAISES Éditions de I’ORSTOM INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT EN COOPÉRATION Collection TRAVAUX et DOCUMENTS no 199 PARIS 1986 5 REMERCIEMENTS Depuis plus de dix ans, diverses analyses de morphogenèse végétale ont été entreprises et cette contribution à la connaissance de l’architecture végétative et des structures inflorescentielles des Melastomaceae de Guyane Française en sont quelques éléments récents. J’ai été initié à l’étude de l’architecture végétative par Monsieur le Pro- fesseur F. HALLE, alors que je me trouvais avec lui à Abidjan (Côte d’ivoire).
    [Show full text]
  • Check List the Journal Of
    12 2 1859 the journal of biodiversity data 21 March 2016 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 12(2): 1859, 21 March 2016 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1859 ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors Checklist of the vascular flora of Reserva Biológica San Luis, Costa Rica José Esteban Jiménez1*, Pedro Juárez2 and Armando Díaz2 1 Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. 11501−2060, San José, Costa Rica 2 Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Reserva Biológica San Luis is a small vegetation. Located on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera protected area located on the Pacific side of the de Tilarán, the Reserva Biologica San Luis (RBSL) is a Cordillera de Tilarán, northwestern Costa Rica, with a small protected area that preserves a seasonal and forest transitioning between the basal and premontane transitional vegetation between the lowland tropical floras according to Holdridge’s Life Zones. An inventory wet forest and premontane wet forest (Holdridge 1967). of the vascular flora of the reserve was performed by This vegetation type is usually located between 500–800 collecting botanical samples during three years and m on the Pacific slope of Costa Rican mountain ranges, consulting the databases of the CR, INB, MO and USJ especially in the seasonal Central Pacific region, the herbaria. We report 130 families, 477 genera and 716 North Pacific region and in the Central Valley. species of native vascular plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Prickly News 2017 June
    P r i c k l y N e w s South Coast Cactus & Succulent Society Newsletter June 2017 Click here to visit our web site: http://www.southcoastcss.org olunteering for a leadership position in V any non­profit for a long time has to be a Click here to visit labor of love, and I have loved being our Facebook page President. Over the past ten years, I have witnessed the growth of many facets of our club: variety and quality in our speaker program, our NEXT MEETING excellent mini­show competitions (visiting Gary Duke: "Bolivia ­ Part I" judges often remark on this), landscaping awards for member gardens, and strong Sunday June 18, at 1:00 pm volunteerism for our Board and other functions (Program starts at 1:30pm) such as the Annual Show and Sale. Proceeds from our annual Show & Sale have continued to net sufficient funds to pay speakers fees, pay the NOTE: 3rd Sunday of June rent for use of South Coast Botanic Garden (SCBG) facilities, provide free plants to members, and cover miscellaneous expenses, with REFRESHMENTS FOR JUNE enough left over to make substantial donations to the Cactus & Succulent Society of America for research and conventions, the SCBG Thanks to those who helped in May: Foundation for improvenment of the Desert Garden, and the California M. A. Bjarkman Joann Frisch Garden Clubs, Inc. irrigation project at Anza­Borrego Desert State Marie Bowers Jim Gardner Park. Carol Causey Nancy Mosher Our Board of Directors has been invaluable in facilitating these Volunteers for June refreshments are: activities.
    [Show full text]
  • DISS 2012 Lais Cobianchi Junqueira Araujo.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM QUÍMICA ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIDIABÉTICO DE Combretum lanceolatum Pohl. (COMBRETACEAE) LAIS COBIANCHI JUNQUEIRA ARAUJO CUIABÁ MATO GROSSO - BRASIL 2012 ii LAIS COBIANCHI JUNQUEIRA ARAUJO ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIDIABÉTICO DE Combretum lanceolatum Pohl. (COMBRETACEAE) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Química, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Química, Área de Concentração Produtos Naturais. CUIABÁ MATO GROSSO - BRASIL 2012 iii iv LAIS COBIANCHI JUNQUEIRA ARAUJO ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIDIABÉTICO DE Combretum lanceolatum Pohl. (COMBRETACEAE) Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Química, Área de Concentração Produtos Naturais. Dissertação defendida e aprovada em 21 de Setembro de 2012. Banca Examinadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Amanda Martins Baviera Prof. Dr. Eudes da Silva Velozo UFMT UFBA (Examinadora interna) (Examinador externo) Prof. Dr. Paulo Teixeira de Sousa Jr. UFMT (Orientador) v Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Marily e Ivan, meus primeiros orientadores, que me ensinaram vários conceitos com seus exemplos. Conceitos que hoje chamo de ética. Muito obrigada pela ótima educação e esforços imensuráveis. Agradeço todo o amor constantemente emanado e espero que este tempo que passamos longe seja recompensado. Amo vocês! vi AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente a Deus, por me conceder tudo que pedi, muito obrigada! A minha irmã, Marina, que mesmo longe me deu muita força! E à vó Ruth, que eu amo tanto! Muito obrigada por tudo! Ao Ewerton, pelo amor, compreensão e companheirismo, te amo PRA SEMPRE vida! Aos tios, tias, primos, primas e toda a parentada que tanto me apoiou.
    [Show full text]
  • Useful Plants of Amazonian Ecuador
    USEFUL PLANTS OF AMAZONIAN ECUADOR (U.S. Agency for International Development Grant No. LAC-0605-GSS-7037-00) Fourth Progress Report 15 October 1989 - 15 Apri 1 1990 Bradley C. Bennett, Ph.0 Institute of Economic Botany The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, New York 10458-5126 212-220-8763 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIELDWORK ....................................................1 SHUAR MANUSCRIPT ............................................. 2 MANUAL PREPARATION ...........................................2 CLASSIFICATION ...............................................3 RELATED PROJECT WORK ......................................... 4 RELATION WITH MUSE0 ECUATORIANO .............................. 4 FINANCES .....................................................5 FUTURE PROJECTS ..............................................5 APPENDICES ...................................................7 APPENDIX A .USEFUL PLANTS OF THE SHUAR MANUSCRIPT ...... 1 APPENDIX B .USEFUL PLANTS OF AMAZONIAN ECUADOR ....... 183 APPENDIX C .LETTER FROM DIOSCORIDES .................. 234 APPENDIX D .SAMPLE MANUSCRIPT TREATMENTS BIXACEAE ......................................... 236 MALVACEAE ........................................ 239 APPENDIX E .ILLUSTRATIONS ............................ 246 APPENDIX F .USEFUL PLANT CLASSIFICATION .............. 316 APPENDIX G .VARIATION IN COMMON PLANT NAMES AND THEIR USAGE AMONG THE SHUAR IN ECUADOR .............. 322 APPENDIX H .ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ETHNOBOTANY ................................... 340 APPENDIX I .FUTURE PROJECT
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Lianas
    Trim Size: 189mm x 246mm Schnitzer ffirs.tex V3 - September 10, 2014 7:15 A.M. P. iii ECOLOGY OF LIANAS Edited by Stefan A. Schnitzer University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, WI, USA Frans Bongers Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands Robyn J. Burnham University of Michigan, MI, USA Francis E. Putz University of Florida, FL, USA Trim Size: 189mm x 246mm Schnitzer ffirs.tex V3 - September 10, 2014 7:15 A.M. P. iv This edition frst published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered offce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the authors to be identifed as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
    DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „ Forecasting Plant Invasions in Europe: Effects of Species Traits, Horticultural Use and Climate Change. “ verfasst von / submitted by Günther Klonner, BSc MSc angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 794 685 437 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Biologie field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Stefan Dullinger “Whatever makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings.” Samuel Johnson (1791) “In the 1950s, the planet still had isolated islands, in both geographical and cultural terms - lands of unique mysteries, societies, and resources. By the end of the 20th century, expanding numbers of people, powerful technology, and economic demands had linked Earth’s formerly isolated, relatively non-industrialized places with highly developed ones into an expansive and complex network of ideas, materials, and wealth.” Lutz Warren and Kieffer (2010) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As for many others, the last few years have been an up and down, however, I made it through thanks to my family, friends and colleagues without whom this wouldn’t have been possible. To the love of my life, my wife Christine Schönberger: because you are my support, advice and courage. Because we share the same dreams. Many Thanks! My brother and one of my best friends, Dietmar, who provided me through emotional support in many situations and shares my love to mountains and sports: Thank you! I am also grateful to my other family members, especially my parents Ingeborg and Martin, who were always keen to know what I was doing and how I was proceeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto De Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes
    Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Simone Cartaxo Pinto Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Cissus L. (Vitaceae Juss.) ocorrentes no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro 2012 Simone Cartaxo Pinto Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Cissus L. (Vitaceae Juss.) ocorrentes no Brasil Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Ecofisiologia e Morfologia Vegetal. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Vania Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves Rio de Janeiro 2012 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ / REDE SIRIUS / BIBLIOTECA CTC-A P659 Pinto, Simone Cartaxo. Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Cissus L. (Vitaceae Juss.) ocorrentes no Brasil / Simone Cartaxo Pinto. 2012. 72 f : il. Orientadora: Vania Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Vitacea – Brasil – Teses. 2. Pólen – Morfologia - Brasil - Teses. 3. Palinologia - Brasil - Teses. I. Esteves, Vania Gonçalves Lourenço. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes. III. Título. CDU 582.783(81) Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta dissertação. _________________________________ _____________________________ Assinatura Data Simone Cartaxo Pinto Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Cissus L. (Vitaceae Juss.) ocorrentes no Brasil. Dissertação apresentada, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Ecofisiologia e Morfologia Vegetal. Aprovado em : 28 de fevereiro de 2012. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Vania Gonçalves Lourenço Esteves Museu Nacional/UFRJ Banca Examinadora: ____________________________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multigene Approach for Investigating DNA Barcode Lineages in Provisional Cryptic Species of Lepidoptera in Costa Rica
    A multigene approach for investigating DNA Barcode lineages in provisional cryptic species of Lepidoptera in Costa Rica by Claudia Bertrand A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Claudia Bertrand, March, 2012 ABSTRACT A multigene approach for investigating DNA barcode lineages in provisional cryptic species of Lepidoptera in Costa Rica Claudia Bertrand Advisor: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor M. Hajibabaei DNA barcoding has illuminated genetically distinct lineages within what appears to be one morphological species. For example, a large-scale DNA barcode analysis of Lepidoptera in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste has revealed that 8% of the morphospecies show more than one DNA barcode lineage. To assess the evolutionary significance of five of these lineages I conducted further molecular analyses by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome b, nuclear Elongation Factor 1 subunit α and ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, and compare their gene genealogies with the provisional species tree hypothesized by DNA barcode genetic distances. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers support the existence of three species in Urbanus belli. The lack of corroboration between markers in the four remaining species either suggests that the chosen nuclear markers have not diverged since speciation, or there has been recent hybridization between lineages. In the case of Eacles imperialis, hybridization is strongly suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Plants and Life Histories of Sawflies of the Families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a Supplement
    JHR 35: 17–31Food (2013) plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae... 17 doi: 10.3897/JHR.35.5496 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoft.net/journals/jhr Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement David R. Smith1,†, Daniel H. Janzen2,‡, Winnie Hallwachs2,§ 1 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c/o Na- tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012 2 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 † http://zoobank.org/B25C3A30-9EF6-4561-8DCE-C95869DFD7E8 ‡ http://zoobank.org/4491369A-CFA6-4614-AC09-1137CCD06F9A § http://zoobank.org/68F37FFD-B6AB-49AD-A1AD-1C84B2FB94C9 Corresponding author: David R. Smith ([email protected]) Academic editor: Stefan Schmidt | Received 9 May 2013 | Accepted 3 July 2013 | Published 25 October 2013 http://zoobank.org/20D4C006-30D5-45C9-A6CF-19F4AE7708A5 Citation: Smith DR, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W (2013) Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 17–31. doi: 10.3897/JHR.35.5496 Abstract Food plants and information on life history are presented for six species of Argidae and four species of Tenthredinidae in Costa Rica. The Argidae include cocoons of Atomacera josefernandezi Smith, sp. n., found on Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae) and likely feeding on its leaves before pupation, and larvae of Eriglenum tristum Smith feeding on Machaerium seemanii Benth. Ex Seem. (Fa- baceae), Ptenos leucopodus (Cameron) feeding on Inga oerstediana Benth.
    [Show full text]