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(Anacardium Excelsum (Bertero Ex Kunth) Skeels) En La Jurisdicción CAR

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(Anacardium Excelsum (Bertero Ex Kunth) Skeels) En La Jurisdicción CAR Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. P lan de Manejo y Conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR Plan de Manejo y Conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR 2020 Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLI (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR DIRECCIÓN DE RECURSOS NATURALES DRN LUIS FERNADO SANABRIA MARTINEZ Director General RICHARD GIOVANNY VILLAMIL MALAVER Director Técnico DRN JOHN EDUARD ROJAS ROJAS Coordinador Grupo de Biodiversidad DRN JOSÉ EVERT PRIETO CAPERA Grupo de Biodiversidad DRN CORPORACIÓN AUTÓNOMA REGIONAL DE CUNDINAMARCA CAR ACTUALIZACIÓN 2020 2 TERRITORIO AMBIENTALMENTE SOSTENIBLE Bogotá, D. C. Avenida La Esperanza # 62 – 49, Centro Comercial Gran Estación costado Esfera, pisos 6 y 7 Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. Los textos de este documento podrán ser utilizados total o parcialmente siempre y cuando sea citada la fuente. Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca Bogotá-Colombia Octubre 2020 Este documento deberá citarse como: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca CAR. 2020. Plan de Manejo y Conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. 61p. 2020. Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. Todos los derechos reservados. 3 TERRITORIO AMBIENTALMENTE SOSTENIBLE Bogotá, D. C. Avenida La Esperanza # 62 – 49, Centro Comercial Gran Estación costado Esfera, pisos 6 y 7 Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLI (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR Autor: Giovanny Andrés Morales Mora Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracolí (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. Giovanny Andres Morales Mora. Bogotá, Colombia: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR, 2018. © Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Revisión técnica: John Eduard Rojas Rojas Cartografía: Lina María Porte Martínez Actualización: José Evert Prieto Capera Fotografía: Giovanny A. Morales Mora y Juan Camilo Duque Yate. Disponible en: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Av. La Esperanza No. 62-49, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Tel: 5801111 www.car.gov.co 4 TERRITORIO AMBIENTALMENTE SOSTENIBLE Bogotá, D. C. Avenida La Esperanza # 62 – 49, Centro Comercial Gran Estación costado Esfera, pisos 6 y 7 Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................................................. 8 2. OBJETIVO GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICOS……………….……,,,,,,………………..…….10 3. CONTEXTO GENERAL.................................................................................................................11 3.1. Generalidades……………………………………..……………...…………...…….…11 3.2. Familia Anacardiaceae en Colombia .........................................................................................12 3.3. Géneros representativos .............................................................................................................13 3.4. Ecología y distribución general de A. excelsum. ....................................................................... 14 3.5. Aspectos generales de la especie Caracolí ............................................................................... 16 3.6. Descripción botánica................................................................................................................... 17 3.7. Aspectos generales de la madera (Richter, H.G and Dallwitz. 2000) ................................. 18 3.8. Recolección y manejo de frutos y semillas .............................................................................. 21 3.9. Composición florística y Fitosociología………………………………..……….............22 3.10. Fenología...........................................................................................................................24 3.11. Estado de amenaza y conservación………………………………………… ..26 4. Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR..................... 27 4.1. Área de estudio ............................................................................................................................ 27 4.2. Distribución histórica del Caracolí ........................................................................................... 27 4.3. Distribución potencial del Caracolí .......................................................................................... 29 4.4. Distribución real de la especie A. excelsum en la Jurisdicción CAR...................................30 4.4.1. Toma de datos .................................................................................................................... 30 4.4.2. Descripción del estado de las poblaciones e individuos aislados ............................... 31 5. ENTORNO Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA LA ESPECIE ........................................... 40 5.1. Identificación de presiones y amenazas de la especie .......................................................... 40 5.2. Marco normativo y documentación relevante ........................................................................42 6. ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL CARACOLÍ.......................... 45 6.1. Alcance ........................................................................................................................................ 48 7. SEGUIMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN (INDICADORES PARA EL SEGUIMIENTO) ....................................................................................................... 57 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 5 TERRITORIO AMBIENTALMENTE SOSTENIBLE Bogotá, D. C. Avenida La Esperanza # 62 – 49, Centro Comercial Gran Estación costado Esfera, pisos 6 y 7 Plan de manejo y conservación del Caracoli (Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels) en la jurisdicción CAR. LISTA DE ILUSTRACIONES Ilustración 1. Distribución mundial de la familia Anacardiaceae ............................................................ 12 Ilustración 2. Países con registros de la especie A. excelsum según el portar Tropicos.org (2016, Missouri Botanical Garden) .............................................................................................................. 15 Ilustración 3. Hojas (Derecha), corteza y exudado en puntos oxida en rojo (Izq.) Fuente: Giovanny Morales, CAR 2016. ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Ilustración 4. Cristales prismáticos en células radiales. ............................................................................ 19 Ilustración 5. Fenogramas de caída foliar (línea segmentada), hojas jóvenes (línea negra gruesa) y hojas maduras (línea gris) para cada especie estudiada de los bosques de M. aff. fragrans y B. alicastrum. Se incluye el valor de precipitación mensual promedio (mm) en el área durante los meses de muestreo. (Adaptado de Berdugo-Lattke, M.L. & Rangel-Ch , J.O. 2015) ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Ilustración 6. Ciclo fenológico de A. excelsum. (CATIE 2015) ................................................................. 26 Ilustración 7. Distribución potencial de A. excelsum en la Jurisdicción (CAR, 2016) ......................... 29 Ilustración 8. Distribución potencial de A. excelsum traslapada con coberturas naturales (CAR, 2016) ................................................................................................................................................... 30 Ilustración 9. Distribución real de Caracolí en la jurisdicción CAR. (Fuente, CAR 2016)................ 32 Ilustración 10. Caracolí utilizado como cerca viva en el municipio de Pueto Salgar. Fuente: CAR (2016) ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Ilustración 11. Individuo de Caracolí asociado a un cultivo de plátano en el municipio de Tibacuy. Fuente: CAR (2016) ..................................................................................................................... 34 Ilustración 12. Población de 4 individuos de Caracolí asociados a cauce hídrico con alto grado de intervención en el municipio de Viotá. Fuente: CAR (2016). ............................................................ 35 Ilustración 13. Individuo juvenil de Caracolí asociado a una plantación comercial de Acacia mangium, municipio de Caparrapí. Fuente: CAR (2016). ............................................................ 36 Ilustración 14. Tocón de la especie Caracolí, Reserva Municipal Predio La Esperanza, municipio de Tibacuy, evidencia de extracción maderera. Fuente: CAR (2016) ................................ 41 Ilustración 15. Avance de la frontera agropecuaria en zonas de influencia para la especie Caracolí,
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