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Environmental Legislative Agenda: Efficient Round Table Cooperation for Sustainable Development International Forum “Development of Parliamentarism”

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Environmental Legislative Agenda: Efficient Round Table Cooperation for Sustainable Development International Forum “Development of Parliamentarism” INTERNATIONAL FORUM “DEVELOPMENT OF PARLIAMENTARISM” I SECTION I. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: DIALOGUE OF LEGISLATORS FOR PEACE AND STABILITY The Role of Parliamentary Diplomacy in Reducing Conflict Potential and Strengthening International Security 1987, and its responsibilities have been expanded to the Frequency and magnitude of armed conflicts have consid- erably increased worldwide over the past decade1. World whole region since 2014. The Cyprus mediation group works military expenditure in 2018 grew up to $1.8 trillion that since 1991. is 2.1 percent of the global GDP, reaching the all-time The need to extend the role of parliamentary diplomacy high since 1988. Fifty-three percent ($0.9 trillion) of world in promoting peace is recorded in IPU resolutions The pre - military expenditure are are owed by NATO countries. vention of conflicts and the restoration of peace and trust in countries emerging from war; The return of refugees to 1The high level of military expenditure persists in the their countries of origin, the strengthening of democratic Middle East that is home to six of ten countries with the larg - processes and the hastening of reconstruction (1998) 3 and est shares of military expenditure in GDP. The share of Asia Co-operation for world and regional security and stability, and Oceania countries in world military expenditure has as well as for respect of all forms of sovereignty and inde - grown from 9 percent to 28 percent over 30 years 2. pendence of states (1997)4. The dividing lines in Europe continue to strengthen. In 2017, a resolution was adopted on setting up a Spe - NATO’s military exercises close to Russian borders have cial High-Level Parliamentary Diplomatics Unit for support- surpassed the rates of Cold War era in intensity and ing IPU’s mediation role. The IPU sponsors mediation mis - scope. sions on a regular basis, including its participation in inter- A new nuclear missile arms race unfolds worldwide. The Korean peaceful settlement since 2015. Supervisory mis- INF treaty break-up and the START treaty expiration in 2021 sions are sent off for the first-hand assessment of the situ - jeopardize nuclear stability. ation in sensitive regions, particularly in Burundi and Uganda. Technical advisory services are provided for stabilizing do- In the context of building up conflict potential world- mestic political situation in political crisis situations, e.g. for wide, parliamentary diplomacy is destined to contribute parliaments in Egypt, Libya, Oman, and Tunisia. The IPU to international dialogue restoration, trust building, rendered assistance to the parliaments for supporting the peaceful settlement of differences, and prevention of post-conflict peace-building in Kenia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, armed conflicts. Côte d’Ivoire, Ruanda, Central African Republic and other countries, and is ready to assist in supporting parliamen - tary activity in post-war Syria. Regional conferences and IPU Peacebuilding Experience seminars are held, such as the conference The role of par - Many international parliamentary organizations have liaments in preventing and settling conflicts in West Africa, amassed a wealth of experience in successfully preventing that took place in Côte d’Ivoire in 2013. international conflicts and promoting peace. Since 2016, the IPU has opened a new focus area in Special attention is given to this focus area by the ma - promoting peace: the development of transboundary tech- jor and the longest-standing international parliamentary or- nology projects in concert with the leading global scien - ganization, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). tific and expert organizations, focused on scaling down The Standing Committee for Peace and International Security is active within the IPU. The Middle East Commit - 3 Resolution adopted by the 99th Inter-Parliamentary Conference. The tee for the Israel-Palestine peaceful settlement opened in prevention of conflicts and the restoration of peace and trust in countries emerging from war; the return of refugees to their countries of origin, the strengthening of democratic processes and the hastening of reconstruction. 1 SIPRI Yearbook 2018. Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Windhoek, 10 April 1998. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/99-1.htm - Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2019. p.1. 4 Resolution adopted by the 97th Inter-Parliamentary Conference. Co-op- 2 World military expenditure grows to $1.8 trillion in 2018. SIPRI - Stockholm eration for world and regional security and stability, as well as for respect International Peace Research Institute, 2019. URL: https://www.sipri.org/ for all forms of the sovereignty and independence of states. Seoul, 14 April media/press-release/2019/world-military-expenditure-grows-18-trillion-2018 1997. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/97-1.htm 86 INTERNATIONAL FORUM “DEVELOPMENT OF PARLIAMENTARISM” long-standing conflict-generating processes in relations ficking in small arms and light weapons and their ammu - between neighboring countries due to the rivalry for water nition. (2006)9, Advancing nuclear non-proliferation and and energy resources.56 disarmament, and securing the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: the role of The IPU lays special emphasis on the role of parliaments parliaments. (2009)10, The role of parliaments in super - in preventing foreign interventions and other forms of vising the destruction of chemical weapons and the ban meddling in national affairs, arguing that not a single on their use. (2013) 11, Towards a nuclear-weapon-free country shall corner the conflict settlement worldwide, world: the contribution of parliaments. (2014) 12. Confer- 5 especially by use of threat of force . In 2017, this viewpoint ences and round tables are held on a regular basis: the was also captured in the resolution The role of parliament IPU session in Abidjan to mark the implementation of the in respecting the principle of non-intervention in the UNO Security Council resolution 1540 in 2012 was at - internal affairs of States6. tended by 70 MPs from 18 countries 13. The CTBT is ask - ing for the IPU assistance in the ratification of the treaty by all countries 14. The parliamentary strategy of global Civilizational Dialogue disarmament is being developed 15. The promotion of civilizational dialogue reducing inter- The IPU is also motivated to use parliamentary oppor- national tensions is another important aspect in the IPU tunities for control of security privatization and PMC peacebuilding activities. The special role of parliamentary deployment for waging hybrid warfare as a dangerous diplomacy in this focus area was mentioned in the St. Pe - destabilizing factor incidental to today’s international tersburg Declaration on Promoting Cultural Pluralism and relations. Peace through Interfaith and Inter-Ethnic Dialogue. (2017) 7. In 2019, the IPU adopted a resolution Non-admissibil- Disarmament ity of using mercenaries and foreign fighters as a means of undermining peace, international security and the territo- and Non-Proliferation rial integrity of States, and violating human rights. (2019) 16. The disarmament agenda is the bedrock of the activ - An important priority in the IPU peacebuilding activities ities of a wide range of global parliamentary associations. is given to the implementation of parliamentary control of the enforcement of international obligations concerning 9 Resolution adopted by the 114th Assembly The role of parliaments disarmament and non-proliferation. in strengthening control of trafficking in small arms and light weapons and their ammunition. Nairobi, 12 May 2006. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/ conf-e/114/114-1.htm The IPU has adopted a series of topical resolutions: 10 The role of parliaments in strengthening multilateral re - Resolution adopted by the 120th IPU Assembly Advancing nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, and securing the entry into force of gimes for non-proliferation of weapons and for disarma - the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: the role of parliaments. Addis ment, in the light of new security challenges. (2004) 8, Ababa, 10 April 2009. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/120/120-1.htm The role of parliaments in strengthening control of traf - 11 Resolution adopted by the 129th IPU Assembly The role of parliaments in supervising the destruction of chemical weapons and the ban on their use. 5 Resolution adopted by the 99th Inter-Parliamentary Conference. The Geneva, 9 October 2013. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/129/res-emrg.htm prevention of conflicts and the restoration of peace and trust in countries 12 Resolution adopted by the 130th IPU Assembly Towards a nuclear-weap- emerging from war; the return of refugees to their countries of origin, the on-free world: the contribution of parliaments. Geneva, 20 March 2014. URL: strengthening of democratic processes and the hastening of reconstruc- http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/130/Res-1.htm tion. Ibid. 13 IPU Annual Report 2016. URL: https://www.ipu.org/resources/publications/ 6 Resolution adopted by the 136th IPU Assembly The role of parliament in about-ipu/2017-03/annual-report-activities-inter-parliamentary-union-2016 respecting the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States. Dhaka, 5 April 2017. URL: http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/136/item4.pdf 14 IPU Annual Report 2018/19. URL: https://www.ipu.org/file/6585/down- load?token=i8OEs6E2 7 St. Petersburg Declaration on Promoting cultural pluralism and peace through interfaith and inter-ethnic dialogue. Endorsed by the 137th IPU As- 15 IPU Annual Report 2017. URL: https://www.ipu.org/file/4474/download?to- sembly. St. Petersburg, 18 October 2017. URL:http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/137/ ken=YvWKNbJ3 SPB-declaration.pdf 16 Resolution adopted by the 140th IPU Assembly. Non-admissibility of using 8 Resolution adopted by the 111th Assembly. The role of parliaments in mercenaries and foreign fighters as a means of undermining peace means strengthening multilateral regimes for non-proliferation of weapons and of undermining peace, international security and the territorial integrity of for disarmament, in the light of new security challenges.
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