Russian Federation 2020 Voluntary National Review of the Progress
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Russian Federation Voluntary National Review of the progress made in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2020 2 RUSSIAN FEDERATION / VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW 3 Organizations responsible for preparing the Voluntary National Review In partnership with Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Federal State Statistic Service Information partners United Nations Information Centre in Moscow Global Compact Network Russia United Nations Association of Russia 4 RUSSIAN FEDERATION / VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Table of Contents 03 Organizations responsible for preparing the Voluntary National Review 06 Abbreviations 09 Summary 17 Introduction 20 Review preparation methodology and process 21 Integration of Sustainable Development Goals into national policies 23 Role of different stakeholders in 2030 Agenda implementation 26 COVID‑19 response in the Russian Federation 32 SDG 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere 41 SDG 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture 50 SDG 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well‑being for all at all ages 59 SDG 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all 67 SDG 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 75 SDG 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all 82 SDG 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy 91 SDG 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all 102 SDG 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation 110 SDG 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries 5 121 SDG 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 131 SDG 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 143 SDG 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 155 SDG 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 162 SDG 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 170 SDG 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels 181 SDG 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development 191 Statistical Annex 221 Organizations involved in the preparation of the Voluntary National Review 6 RUSSIAN FEDERATION / VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW Abbreviations 2030 Agenda — 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development AI — Artificial Intelligence APEC — Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation APG — Associated Petroleum Gas ARSNC — All- Russian Society of Nature Conservation ATM — Automated Teller Machine AVATRCS — Automated Value Added Tax Refund Control System BAT — Best Available Technologies CES — Conference of European Statisticians CFC — Common Fund for Commodities CITES — Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora EAEU — Eurasian Economic Union EDL — Vital and Essential Drugs List EECA — Eastern Europe and Central Asia EFSD — Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and Development ESIA — Unified Identification and Authentication System FAO — Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FATF — Financial Action Task Force FCC — Federal Center of Competences in Labor Efficiency FEC — Fuel and Energy Complex FPS — Faster Payments System FPU — Floating Power Unit (nuclear) FSC — Forest Stewardship Council 7 GHG — greenhouse gases Helsinki Commission — Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HEP — Hydroelectric Plant HIV — Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSRL — High Speed Rail Line IAEA — International Atomic Energy Agency ICMP — International Corruption Monitoring Programme IDF — Industrial Development Fund IHR — International Health Regulations Inter- Agency Working Group — Inter- Agency Working Group on Climate Change and Sustainable Development at the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation INTOSAI — International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions IOSCO — International Organization of Securities Commissions IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MAC — Maximum Allowable Concentration MFC — Multifunctional Center MHEP — Minihydroelectric Plant MOS — Medical and Obstetric Station MSC — Marine Stewardship Council NCD — Non- Communicable Diseases NLA — Normative Legal Act NPO — Non- Profit Organization NSR — Northern Sea Route ODA — Official Development Assistance OECD NEA — Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OR — Oil Refinery 8 RUSSIAN FEDERATION / VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW RIA — Regulatory Impact Assessment Rosstat — Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation RPSA — Renewable Power Supply Agreement RSPP — Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs RTC — Resource Training Center SCO — Shanghai Cooperation Organization SDG — Sustainable Development Goals Skoltech — Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology SME — Small- and Medium- sized Enterprises SPIC — Special Investment Contract SPNA — Specially Protected Natural Area SPP — Solar Power Plant TWG — Thematic Working Group UES of Russia — Unified Energy System of Russia UNAIDS — Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNCTAD — United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP — United Nations Development Programme UNDRR — United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNESCAP — United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UNFCCC — United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO — United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNWFP — United Nations World Food Programme VNR — Voluntary National Review WHO — World Health Organization WPP — Wind Power Plant WTO — World Trade Organization Summary 10 RUSSIAN FEDERATION / VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW The purpose of this Voluntary National Review (VNR) is to assess Russia’s progress made in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). During the preparation of the Review, it was revealed that most of the Sustainable Development Goals and targets had already been integrated, in a varying degree, in the basic strategic and policy documents of the Russian Federation. The involvement of Russia’s civil society, private sector, non-governmental organizations, volunteers, and academic community remains essential for the achievement of SDGs. In recent years, Russia has demonstrated positive results in each SDG, most successful of them being SDG 1 “No poverty”, SDG 4 “Quality education”, SDG 8 “Decent work and economic growth”. However, the achievement of some targets still requires activization of joint efforts of the government, private sector, and society. All SDGs are interconnected. Measures implemented to achieve one SDG have an inevitable effect on the achievement of others. For instance, the development of digital economy and telecommunications infrastructure eventually reduces inequalities and produces positive effect on such SDGs, as SDG 3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” and SDG 4 “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”, SDG 8 “Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all”. Examples of such interconnection are presented in SDG-specific sections of VNR. Key SDG-specific findings: SDG 1 “No poverty“. Russia has basically achieved the goal of eradication of extreme poverty. The current nation-wide policy of combating poverty provides for the reduction of the national poverty level at least by half by 2024 (in 2018, the proportion of the poor population with below-the- poverty-line income 1 was 12.6 %). This is to be achieved through the implementation of the so-called National Projects, namely “Demography”, “Workforce Productivity and Employment Support” and others and development and introduction of new support mechanisms (such as social contract and volunteer services). SDG 2 “Zero hunger“. To promote food security, Russia adopted the respective decree, aimed at providing the population with safe, quality and affordable agricultural products, as well as raw materials and food in volumes, ensuring balanced consumption rates. In 2018, the malnutrition prevalence rate was low: about 1.6 % (among persons aged 18 and older), with just 0.3 % experiencing severe food insecurity, and 6.2 % — moderate or severe food insecurity. Russia’s capacity development in respect 1 The poverty line is defined as the cost estimate of the consumer goods basket plus compulsory payments and collections. 11 of achieving SDG 2 is promoted by such factors as the development of rural infrastructure, elimination of trade restrictions (in accordance with the obligations under the rules of the WTO) and implementation of comprehensive sectoral strategic programmes. SDG 3 “Good health and well-being“. Healthy people is one of Russia’s key priorities. In 2019, the mortality rate slid to 12.3 persons per 1000 as against 2015 (13.0) and 2010 (14.2). The mortality rate of working-age