MISCELLANEOUS PAPER GL-82-8

GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGES OBSERVED IN THE SOVIET UNION, 6-29 SEPTEMBER 1979

by

Paul A. Gilbert Geotechnical Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180

August 1982

Final Report

Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited

.W34m GL-82-8 1982 prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 20314

Under Civil Works Work Unit 31173, Task 30 LIBRARY. NOV 0 8 W - Buteau oi Reclamation ripnu0fe Colpffiin

Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officia Department of the Army position unless so designated, by other authorized documents.

The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. ïj? BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY v £ « 92016795 Unr.1 a s s i fie ri Ci T20]ib7T5 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) 'V»«a ' READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM n 1. R E P O R T N U M B ER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER Miscellaneous ,Paper GL-82-8 /j 4. • T I T L E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGES OBSERVED IN THE SOVIET r ) UNION, 6-29 SEPTEMBER 1979 ( Final report J^ ~6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR*» 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER*»

Paul A. Gilbert^

9. PEWp^MING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK A R E A & WORK UNIT NUMBERS U. S.*Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station^, Geotechnical Laboratory Civil Works Work Unit 31173, P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 ¿Task 30

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE t Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army ^August 1982 Washington, D. C. 20314 13. NUMBER OF P^LGES 69 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS*?/ different from Controlling Office) 15. S E C U R IT Y C L A S S , (of this report) Unclassified

15a. DECL ASSI FI CATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE

16. D IS T R IB U T IO N S T A T E M E N T (of thie Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

17. D IS T R IB U T IO N S T A T E M E N T (of the abstract entered in Block 20, it different from Report)

18. S U P P L E M E N T A R Y N O T E S Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22151.

19. K E Y W ORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) Centrifuges Soil mechanics Soil tests (Laboratory)

2Qv ABSTRACT fCootCout eta re v e rse alxts if necessary and identify by block number) In 1979 a team of U. S. geotechnical engineers visited the U.S.S.R. to observe demonstrations of centrifuge devices and to discuss soil modeling tech­ niques with representatives of the Soviet Union. This report presents details of the visit and an assessment of centrifuge modeling research in the Soviet Union.

FORM EDITION OF 1 MOV 65 IS OBSOLETE DD , JAM 73 1473 Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWTfn D a ta B n terme/)

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEflWjen Data Entered) PREFACE

In accordance with the Protocol signed in Washington, D. C., on 28 March 1977 by the Cochairmen of the U. S./USSR Joint Working Group 16.05 "Building for Extreme Climates and Unusual Geologic Conditions," representatives of the U. S. participated in a study visit to the Soviet Union during the period 6-29 September 1979. This report was published under Civil Works Work Unit 31173 "Special Studies for Civil Works Soils Problems," Task 30, "Centrifuge Modeling for Geotechnical Applications," for the Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army. Special thanks are given to the Russian interpreters Ms. Natasha A. Nelubina, Mr. Valarie A. Alexandrovitch, Mr. Yuri Ivanov, and Mrs. Gala Barvasho, without whose help the exchange would not have been possible. Special thanks are also given to the companion to and organizer for the U. S. team, Mr. S. V. Dovnarovich. This report was written by Mr. Paul A. Gilbert, Soil Mechanics Division (SMD), Geotechnical Laboratory (GL), U. S. Army Engineer Water­ ways Experiment Station (WES), under the general supervision of Mr. Clifford L. McAnear, Chief, SMD, and Dr. William F. Marcuson III, Chief, GL. The Commander and Director of WES during the preparation of this report was COL Tilford C. Creel, CE. Mr. Fred R. Brown was Technical Director.

1 Contents Page P r e f a c e ...... 1 Introduction...... 3 Background...... 4 Program and Itinerary ...... 4 Centrifuges Observed in the Soviet Union...... 5 Hydroproject...... 5 NIIOSP...... 7 UkrNIIproject ...... 10 Soviet Soil Testing Equipment...... 14 General Impressions ...... 15 Summary Remarks ...... 17 Conclusions ...... 18 References...... 20 APPENDIX A: SCHEDULE AT HYDROPROJECT...... A1 APPENDIX B: LIST OF ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS AT HYDROPROJECT . . B1 APPENDIX C: SCHEDULE AT UkrNIIproject (IN RU S S I A N ) ...... Cl APPENDIX D: SYNOPSIS OF VISIT...... D1 APPENDIX E: ACTUAL SCHEDULE OF EVENTS...... El APPENDIX F: APPENDICES D AND E IN RUSSIAN...... FI APPENDIX G: REFERENCE LIST, ARTICLES RELATED TO RAILROAD ENGINEERING SOIL MECHANICS (IN RUSSIAN)...... G1

2 GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGES OBSERVED IN THE SOVIET UNION, 6-29 SEPTEMBER 1979

Introduction

1. During the period 6-29 September 1979, a team of U. S. geotech­ nical engineers visited the U.S.S.R. to observe demonstrations of centri­ fuge devices and to discuss soil modeling techniques with representatives of the Soviet Union. The visit was conducted in accordance with the March 1977 Protocol under Working Group 10.05 Project 2 entitled "Centri­ fuge Modeling Used for Foundation Design." 2. The U. S. team participating in the visit and the agency af­ filiation of the members are as follows: a_. Paul A. Gilbert, Research Civil Engineer, Geotechnical Laboratory, U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.

Id. James A. Cheney, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Davis, Calif. 3. Members of the U. S. team departed the U. S. on 4 September from their individual cities and met in London, England, on 5 September from which they continued on to Moscow, arriving 6 September. They were met at the airport by A. A. Vaselevskii and Candidate of Science (Cand. Sc.) S. V. Dovnorovich, the technical contact who served as companion to and organizer for the U. S. team. 4. A schedule was given the U. S. team indicating that three in­ stallations were to be visited during the stay, two in Moscow and one in Kiev. The U. S. team noted that a visit to the installation at Baku in the Province of Azerbaijan was not included in the itinerary and re­ quested that it be added. The request was denied with the explanation that enough would be learned from visits to the installations on the schedule. 5. The three installations scheduled to be visited were: a.. Hydroproject Institute— an installation dealing with the investigation, survey, and design, as well as testing and analysis associated with water power and water resources in the U.S.S.R.

3 b_. NIIOSP, Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures— an installation dealing with experimental and theoretical problems in basic soil mechanics, foundation design, performance and evaluation, stabilization of soils, problems in soil dynamics, as well as theoretical and ex­ perimental investigations of the behavior of frozen soils. c.. UkrNIIproject— an installation dealing with soil mechanics problems associated with the mining industry in the Ukraine.

Background

6. The technique of centrifuge modeling was originally proposed in the U. S. by P. B. Bucky in the early 1930fs, but the concept was not exploited for geotechnical uses by U. S. engineers. The Soviets, how­ ever, picked up the technique and have used it with apparent success for almost 50 years. According to sources at NIIOSP, there are approximately 50 centrifuges with a rotation radius of at least 1 m in the Soviet Union today; twelve of the devices are currently functional and operating. Three centrifuges were observed during this visit, two in Moscow at Hydroproject and NIIOSP and one in Kiev at UkrNIIproject. Two of these centrifuges were operating; the device at NIIOSP was inactive at the time of the visit because of the recent death of the researcher, N. Ya. Rudnitsky.

Program and Itinerary

7. Except for NIIOSP, each installation visited gave the U. S. team a tentative schedule of events. These schedules are included in the appendices. Appendix A shows the proposed schedule at Hydroproject, Appendix B shows the list of engineers and scientists at Hydroproject scheduled to meet with the U. S. team, Appendix C shows the proposed schedule (in Russian) at UkrNIIproject, Appendix D is a synopsis of the visit prepared by the Soviet hosts, Appendix E is the actual schedule of events of the visit also prepared by the Soviet hosts, and Appendix F is a copy of Appendices D and E in the Russian language; copies of these

4 documents were given to the U. S. team.

Centrifuges Observed in the Soviet Union

Hydroproject 8. The centrifuge at Hydroproject was perhaps the most capable and well instrumented device observed during the visit. Its operation was directed by Cand. Sc. (Eng.) Senior Scientific Worker of Rock and Earthfill Dams and Foundation Department (R&EDFD) V. I. Scherbina, who was quite knowledgeable about centrifuge testing. The device was equipped with a video monitoring system so that the model could be ob­ served with the centrifuge in "flight." This centrifuge was driven by a 260-kw constant current electric motor. The carriage was a swing box in which removal of the model required removal of the swing pins. Speci­ fications of the Hydroproject centrifuge, as stated by the Soviets, were as follows: ci. Rotation radius to the center of the carriages, 2.5 m. _b. Rotational speed, 0 to 340 rpm. c_. Maximum acceleration, 322 g. cl. Internal dimensions of carriages: (1) Height, 500 mm. (2) Length, 900 mm. (3) Width, 400 mm. e^. Carriage mass, 600 kg. _f. Maximum model mass, 200 kg. jg. Number of simultaneously tested models, 2. h. Maximum height of prototype, 161 m. iL. Number of slip ring terminals for data collection, 107. Miscellaneous: (1) Capability is provided to fill and empty water reser­ voirs behind the models on the carriages during flight. (2) Gages are provided for measuring contact stresses and strains. (3) Capability is provided to apply a static horizontal force of up to 10,000 kg to the model during flight.

5 9. Scherbina spoke to the U. S. team about the application of the Hydroproject centrifuge. One problem investigated was the cracking of dams with clay cores (All-Union Designing, Surveying, and Scientific Research Institute 1973). The investigation is described as follows: _a. The technique used was to construct the core in three layers consolidating each layer at a predetermined g-level on the centrifuge. The rock shells were then placed, the model was stressed by centrifuge flight, and the deforma­ tions were measured. By systematically varying the plas­ ticity (density and water content) of the core material, deformation levels for each plasticity were determined which would just cause cracking. The prototype can then be designed based on the performance of a given core mate­ rial at a certain plasticity (Scherbina 1977). Another problem under investigation at Hydroproject was that of an unzoned rockfill embankment with an upstream asphaltic membrane (Vutsel and Scherbina 1976).

b. Scherbina indicated that dams 50 to 80 m high of this type are routinely built in the German Democratic Republic. About 25 models must be prepared and tested in the centri­ fuge to optimize the design of a structure to be built of a given material. A parametric study is accomplished varying the parameters density, grain size, embankment slope, and height. Grain size is not scaled in the study. Instead, a model material is chosen which will match the strength and density of the prototype material based on laboratory and field studies. Indications are that inter­ pretive difficulties do not arise if the two parameters, strength and density, are carefully matched between model and prototype. 10. At Hydroproject, the U. S. team was given a qualitative demon­ stration of the value of the centrifuge. Two circular cylindrical specimens of sandy clay were prepared at different molding conditions. One specimen had a high water content and low density; the other had a lower water content and higher density. The unconfined specimens were put into the centrifuge and loaded by the gravity field. The specimen of low density collapsed at 35 g ’s. The specimen of high density and low water content required 95 gfs, thus demonstrating the qualitative rela­ tionship between strength, water content, and acceleration level to produce collapse. 11. A photograph of the Hydroproject centrifuge inside its con­ tainment pit is shown in Figure 1. The centrifuge bucket is shown in

6 Figure 1. Hydroproject centrifuge and containment pit

Figure 2 and a model in preparation is shown in Figure 3. The X marks on the model of Figure 3 represent points where displacement will be monitored during flight. Figure 4 shows a technician making optical measurements on a model to establish the displacement field developed during flight. NIIOSP 12. Even though there was a fairly well equipped centrifuge at NIIOSP, it was not in operation because of the death of its researcher, N. Ya. Rudnitsky, about 1 year before the visit of the U. S. team. The U. S. team was given only a cursory look at the device. The centrifuge itself was smaller than the device at Hydroproject, having an arm with an effective radius of 2.0 m powered by an electric motor of 100 kw. No photographs were allowed of the device and little technical description was offered; the explanation given was that there was no official centri­ fuge operator or expert at NIIOSP since the death of Mr. Rudnitsky. 13. The time at NIIOSP was largely spent having discussions with Soviet experts about various aspects of soil mechanics, including a very detailed discussion on the theory of plasticity by Dr. A. Stroganov and

7 Figure 2. Hydroproject centrifuge bucket

Figure 3. Centrifuge model in preparation

8 Figure 4. Technician establishing datum on centrifuge model a discussion about centrifuge modeling with Prof. T. G. Yakovleva. 14. Prof. Yakovleva is connected with the Ministry of Transport and Transport Construction Facilities as well as the Ministry of Roads under whose jurisdiction are highway and railway construction and main­ tenance. She worked, at the time of the visit, with the Institute of Railroad Engineering. She had used the centrifuge to aid in the design of embankments for the Trans-Siberian Railroad. A broad range of com­ plex foundation problems had surfaced because of the soft organic clays and peat combined with the condition of permafrost which exists over much of the Siberian tundra on which the railroad was built. 15. Prof. Yakovleva described three centrifuges that she had used for her work, as follows: a.. A centrifuge built in Moscow in 1951 for the Research

9 Institute of Transport Construction. The effective radius of this device is 2.5 m and the range of scaling is from 4.8 to 124 g fs. The bucket is 40 cm wide by 80 cm long by 60 cm high.

]d. A centrifuge built in 1955 for the Moscow Institute of Railway Transport at Dnepropetrovsk. The device has an arm of effective radius 2.0 m and a scaling factor of up to 100 g ’s. The bucket is 50 cm wide by 100 cm long by 60 cm high. This particular centrifuge is used to simu­ late plane stress by inserting a model, 10 cm thick, be­ tween lubricated plates. M. N. Gol’dshtein, world- recognized Soviet centrifuge expert, was stated to be a co-user of this device. £. A centrifuge built in 1962 for the Laboratory of Railway Engineers in Moscow. The arm is 2.5 m, speed is 0-340 rpm, with an acceleration of up to 322 g ’s. The bucket is 40 cm wide by 90 cm long by 50 cm high. The bucket with soil can weigh a maximum of 1050 kg with a maximum model weight of 170 kg. The driving motor has a power of 320 kw to start with a working power level of 200 kw.

16. Prof. Yakovleva discussed errors inherent in centrifuge modeling due to variations in the g-field and time of load application. It was suggested that some of the time effects may be minimized by scheduling the rate of increase in g-level to coincide with the con­ struction period. In connection with centrifuge modeling, Prof. Yakov­ leva was investigating stochastic methods for predicting responses due to a large number of independent variables using the theory of systems. In this connection, she mentioned the work of S'. W. Director at the University of Florida and R. A. Rohrer at the University of California, Berkeley. The U. S. team was presented with a reference list contain­ ing 334 entries of articles pertaining to railroad engineering soil mechanics; the list is presented as Appendix G. About 140 of these references pertain to centrifuge studies, but unfortunately only a few are available in the western literature. 17. Prof. Yakovleva informed the team that Soviet centrifuge pioneer, G. I. Pokrovsky died on 15 January 1979. UkrNIIproject 18. The UkrNIIproject in Kiev is a research and design center dealing with problems of the mining industry in the Ukraine. Research

10 there was geared toward finding methods to improve open pit coal mining operations. The director of the centrifuge was Nicholai Nicholavich Kuvaiyev and the experiments were run by A. Pavlovna. 19. The centrifuge in this installation was being used to deter­ mine safe operating positions for bulldozers and motor graders on soil structures formed by dumping dry mining spoils over a soft plastic silty clay foundation. This foundation was formed as clay was hydraulically transported into a pit and allowed to settle so that the transport water could be recovered. Serious accidents involving machinery and personnel had resulted from slides in the dry tailings triggered by movement in the soft material underneath. In this light, the centrifuge was used at UkrNIIproject mainly to identify impending failure so that certain asso­ ciated dangers could be avoided. 20. Centrifuge studies showed that there were three parameters of interest identified in Figure 5— distances A, B, and K; A is the zone of severe collapse, B is the zone of limitation for crack formation, and K is the height of the scarp. Z is the depth of penetration of the tailings material into the slurry after sliding. 21. Figure 6 shows in section the centrifuge model used to inves­ tigate the tailings slides. 22. The work at UkrNIIproject was of special interest to the U. S. team from the standpoint of hands-on experience with the centrifuge. (The device at Hydroproject was only demonstrated and the NIIOSP centri­ fuge was only observed.) The data observed at Kiev was especially valuable in that the tests shed light on the validity of scaling laws between model and prototype at least as far as the investigated type of failure is concerned. At other installations visited, centrifuge models were used to design prototype structures against failure. If the proto­ type did not fail, then no data were gained to establish a scaling correlation between model and prototype. For the mining operations in the Ukraine, it is accepted that there will be failures of the proto­ type again and again, so ample data have been collected to establish a statistical relationship between model and prototype. 23. The data presented in the tabulation below will be published

11 B LEGEND

ORIGINAL CONTOUR m A POST SLIDE CONTOUR

in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, a translation of

Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov > in a paper by Pavlovna and Kuvaiyev:

Centrifuge (Scaled to Prototype) Field A (m) 5-40 Range/13.5 avg 1-42/15 B (m) 6-40/24 1-57/27 K (m) 1.5-5/2.5 0.6-6.6/2.0

12 There is certainly good agreement among the average values of the dimen­ sions, between model and prototype. 24. At UkrNIIproject, models were prepared and then loaded in the artificial gravity field of the centrifuge until failure was detected with a deformation gage. (There was no visual monitoring system.) The model was then removed and the after-failure profile plotted with an instrument very similar in operating principle to a device used in the woodworking industry in the U. S. to duplicate irregular contours. The device is called a profile transfer or contour gage, and uses rods held in a metal bar which may be moved to follow the contour of an irregular surface. The mapping of the deformed model surface was accomplished with such a device as shown in Figure 7. 25. The UkrNIIproject centrifuge is described in a textbook by Yu. N. Malushitsky (1975) which has been translated from the Russian by D. R. Crane and Andrew N. Schofield. (A copy of this book in Russian was requested by Prof. Cheney, and a copy was furnished by A. Pavlovna.) The device has an effective radius of 2505 mm. Maximum acceleration is 320 g fs with a maximum speed of 340 rpm. The centrifuge has a perma­ nently installed swing platform, onto which the payload box is attached for flight. The size of the payload box is 140 cm long by 50 cm wide by 75 cm high. The centrifuge is powered by a 160-kw electric motor. 26. All centrifuges observed could be accessed only through a door opening to the containment pit below. An interesting suggestion by the technicians at UkrNIIproject was that a tunnel allowing horizontal access to the centrifuge would be advantageous for the reason that models are lowered into place by an electrically operated crane which jerks and possibly damages the models. Horizontal access would minimize such damage. 27. The centrifuge observed by the U. S. team in Kiev was 17 years old, but three additional centrifuges are planned by the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences for geotechnical uses. One of the devices will be dedicated exclusively to earthquake studies under the direction of Yu. N. Malushitsky and is planned for 1982 to 1983.

13 Figure 7. Mapping of the model profile after flight

Soviet Soil Testing Equipment

28. The most advanced general soil testing equipment observed by the U. S. team was at Hydroproject. THe laboratory was under the gen­ eral direction of V. I. Vutsel, head of R&EDFD. Some equipment observed was quite impressive. There were large-diameter triaxial chambers with the capability to test specimens up to 30 cm in diameter and 60 cm high.

Observed also was a large-diameter Kq consolidometer. There was a true triaxial device which allowed independent loading of the three mutually perpendicular axes. The specimen tested was a cube, 100 mm on a side. 29. D. B. Radkevich, head of the Instrumentation Development Department at Hydroproject, showed the U. S. team some very interesting instruments, including a very ingenious surface deflectometer which also measured rotation, thus giving two components of displacement in a single instrument. Also shown was a rubber soil pressure gage whose

14 design was based on the theory of elasticity and which eliminates many of the problems associated with soil pressure gages such as the differ­ ence in stiffness between the soil and gage. The problem of miniatur­ izing this device for centrifuge use was being studied. 30. On the other hand, some aspects of Soviet soil testing were not so advanced. Generally, in the area of electronics, this writer ob­ served a certain deficiency in Soviet technology. Measurement instru­ ments were not observed in plentiful supply and those instruments ob­ served to measure pressure and force were based on the mechanical reso­ nance (vibrating wire) principle. Mechanical resonance transducers are neither more advanced nor more primitive than the equivalent bonded or unbonded strain gage instruments used in the U. S.; they are simply based on a different mechanism. Certain economic advantages are appar­ ent in a system using mechanical resonance transducers, however. The most obvious advantages are the ease, simplicity, and economy of the construction and maintenance of the instruments as well as the fact that they require minimal electronic support. These devices suffer disadvan­ tages described below which limit their overall versatility. By compar­ ison, miniature strain gage load and pressure transducers as used in many U. S. laboratories are complicated structures requiring complex and expensive construction equipment run by highly skilled personnel. Exten­ sive electronic support is also often required. If such transducers are damaged, they most probably would have to be discarded and replaced. 31. Less sophisticated soil testing equipment was observed at NIIOSP and UkrNIIproject than at Hydroproject. At NIIOSP, very large- scale bin (8 m by 8 m by 16 m) tests were being used to investigate pressure distribution in a soil mass due to plate loads at the surface (Dovnarovich 1977). Consolidation and ring shear tests were being con­ ducted at UkrNIIproject with no evidence of electronics. Even though the equipment was performing the required task, it seemed antiquated.

General Impressions

32. The U. S. team received several impressions regarding Soviet

15 centrifuge technology. First, it appeared and was acknowledged by the Soviet scientists that the fundamental scaling laws have not been veri­ fied, It seems that the engineers have been pressured by program- oriented research for the past 40 odd years and have little documented data which confirm basic modeling laws or establish the limits of valid­ ity in centrifuge modeling. The reason for this state of affairs became clear in Kiev when N. N. Kuvaiyev said, "We are always pressed for answers to current project problems so that we have little time or bud­ get for basic research. Our basic research, what little is done, is pirated from development projects." Along a related line, it was the impression of this writer that Soviet scientists, in general, do not deviate from rigidly prescribed programs. It almost seemed that if an area of great interest or potential were incidentally touched on in a research program, it would not be pursued further simply because it was not a part of the program. 33. The pertinent question "Do you have data comparing model and prototype?" was put to every installation visited by the U. S. team. Many articles in the literature make the qualitative statement that the correlation is good, but no data are shown. An answer to this question came first in discussions with Prof. Yakovleva. She pointed out that variations in field conditions make it extremely unlikely that a proto­ type could be exactly modeled in the centrifuge and therefore even if a single prototype test matched a set of model test results, the verifica­ tion would be unconvincing. 34. There are two possible ways in which verification with proto­ types may be made. One is to use centrifuge model tests to verify a theory of soil behavior and then apply the theory to many full-scale tests to obtain verification of the theory at full scale. The other is to obtain a large number of full-scale (prototype) tests and determine statistical averages of response and then run a similarly large series of tests in the centrifuge and compare statistics between model and prototype. The latter approach was used by Yakovleva in verifying cen­ trifuge results of railroad bed fills on soft peat foundations for the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and the results of this work were presented in

16 the Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Polshin et al. 1973 and Polshin et al. 1977). 35. It should be mentioned that there appears to be controversy among Soviet scientists within the Gosstroy regarding the value of cen­ trifuge modeling. The greatest expressions of doubt came from the scien­ tists at NIIOSP. A memorable statement made by S. V. Dovnarovich of NIIOSP in Kiev was translated as "Centrifuge modeling will no more accu­ rately predict soil behavior than the aching bones of an old woman will predict changes in the weather.** Needless to say, the Ukrainian re­ searchers A. Pavlovna and N. N. Kuvaiyev disagreed.

Summary Remarks

36. The visiting U. S. team exchanged ideas with several promi­ nent Soviet engineers and scientists, notably Cand. Sc. (Eng.) V. I. Scherbina, Cand. Sc. (Eng.) V. I. Vutsel, Dr. D. B. Radkevich, Prof. T. G. Yakovleva, Dr. A. S. Stroganov, Mr. N. N. Kuvaiyev, and Mrs. A. Pavlovna. 37. The Soviets are very advanced in certain areas of theoretical soil mechanics and centrifuge modeling as was confirmed by the sessions of the U. S. team with Prof. Yakovleva and Dr. Stroganov, but they are less advanced in development and use of laboratory equipment and experi­ mental techniques. Soviet laboratory equipment was adequate for the work being performed, but was somewhat rudimentary and antiquated com­ pared to laboratory equipment and instrumentation used in the United States. The centrifuge devices observed were adequate for the work being performed, but were basic and austere in that they lacked all but the most necessary instrumentation. For example, only one of the de­ vices observed featured a visual monitoring system. 38. The approach taken to centrifuge modeling was also rather simplistic in terms of the types of problems being investigated. That is, soil was modeled as a one-phase system with no attention paid to the more interesting soil-water interaction problem. This could, how­ ever, be due to the conspicious lack of electronic instrumentation which

17 would be required to investigate more complex problems. Only mechanical resonance transducers were observed in the U.S.S.R. by the U. S. team. Although these transducers offer some advantages, they also suffer dis­ advantages, making them unsuitable for certain applications. For in­ stance, the following problems might be encountered in centrifuge model measurements using vibrating wire transducers: a.. They require relatively large size. The transducers ob­ served were about 15 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter. Such an instrument placed in a centrifuge model and accelerated to say 100 g fs would scale to become a structure 15.2 m and 20 cm in diameter in flight.

Id. The element must vibrate in order for the transducer to function. This could be a major disadvantage since vibra­ tions themselves obey a certain scaling law in the gravity field of the centrifuge. This, combined with the inherent nonlinearity of the device, could make it difficult to use in conjuction with centrifuge modeling. c^ The devices will be severely influenced by temperature changes unless the thermal properties of the frame and vibrating wire are carefully matched, and even with the most careful matching, temperature transience will ad­ versely affect measurements.

It is the opinion of this writer that because of the availability of very versatile electronic instrumentation and technology in the U. S., investigators using geotechnical centrifuges would be able to explore more complex problems and achieve more complete results than their Soviet counterparts.

Conclusions

39. Valuable work is being accomplished by the Soviets in the area of geotechnical centrifuge testing and it would be mutually advantageous to continue scientific exchanges for the following reasons: a. The Soviets are very advanced in certain theoretical con­ cepts that may prove valuable in proposed geotechnical modeling in the U. S. For example, the U. S. team was in­ formed of several texts devoted entirely to the theory of centrifuge testing and one textbook devoted to the thermo­ dynamics of the centrifuge. All, of course, are in the Russian language.

18 b^ A tremendous store of information has been accumulated over 50 years of Soviet experience with centrifuges. Much duplication of effort can be avoided by using the Soviet experience to advantage which they, at this time, seem willing to share.

19 References

All-Union Designing, Surveying, and Scientific Research Institute. 1973. "Hydroproject, Research Studies for Designing and Erection of Earth and Rockfill Dams,” Prospectus for VIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Moscow. Dovnarovich, S. V. 1977. "Experimental Research of the Dependence of Foundation Base Settlement on Volume Strain of the Soil in Shear," Pro­ ceedings, V Danube European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bratislava, U.S.S.R., September 5-7. Malushitsky, Y. N. 1975. "The Stability of Waste-Heap Embankments," Buolivelnik Publishing House, Kiev (translation from the Russian by D. R. Crane and A. N. Schofield, Cambridge University Engineering Depart­ ment , unpublished). Polshin, D. E., Rudnitsky, N. Y., Chizhikov, P. G., and Yakovleva, T. G. 1973. "Centrifuge Model Testing of Foundation Soils of Building Struc­ tures," Proceedings, VIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Moscow. Polshin, D. E., Rudnitsky, N. Y., Shakhunyantz, G. M., and Yakovleva, T. G. 1977. "Model Tests of the Foundation Bases of Structures," Pro­ ceedings, IX International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo. Scherbina, V. I. 1977. "Centrifuge Modelling Studies Associated with Design and Construction of Earth Dams," Translation 650, U. S. Army Engineer Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, N. H. Vutsel, V. I., and Scherbina, V. I. 1976. "Experimental Investigation of Slope Deformations," Proceedings, VI European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vienna.

20 APPENDIX A

SCHEDULE AT HYDROPROJECT PROGRAM of training of U*S« specialists in the Laboratory of Centrifuge Modelling in the Scientific Research Centre of Hydroproject

Moscow 7 to 14 September,1979

7 September The training program discussion. Visit to the Laboratory of investigations into soil engineering properties, forming a part of the Rock- and Earthfill Dams Department, of the SRC of Hydroproject. A general introduction to the Laboratory of centrifuge modelling, the centrifuge installation and the instrumentation. 8 September Free day. 9 September Free day. 10 September Introduction to the main principles of the centrifuge modelling of the embankment dams. II September Centrifuge experiment for studying a rock- and eartfill dam strains, l’he model demantling, measuring of the model residual strains, discussion of the experiment result! 12 September Demonstrational experiments on the centri­ fuge with the final soil sample failure ( methodical experiments ). The experiments discussion. 13 September Introduction to some results of a number of centrifuge model studies of soil material! Preparation to the second experiment of the centrifuge studies of the strains in a rock- and earthfill dam model. 14 September The centrifuge experiment and discussion of the results. The final meeting.

A2 APPENDIX B

LIST OF ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS AT HYDROPROJECT LIST OP EXPERTS OP THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTRE OP HYDROPROJECT PARTICIPATING IN THE MEETING WITH THE US EXPERTS, 7-14 SEPTEMBER, 1979

I. Kirillov A.P. - Dr. of Techn. Sc., Deputy Director of the SRC of Hydroproj ect

2. Vutsel V.I. - Cand. of Techn. Sc., Head of the Rock and Eartfill Dams and Foundations Department ( R&EDFD )

3. Shcherbina V.I. - Cand. of Techn. Sc., Senior Scientific Worker of R&EDFD

4. Radkevich D.B. - Eng., Head of the Instrumentation Develpment Department

5. Samarin V.G. - Cand. of Techn. Sc., Senior Scientific Worker of the Scientific-Methodical Department of Power Investigations 6. Fedotova E. A. (Mrs.) - Eng. »Group Head of R&EDPD 7. Kanenkova T.N. (Mrs.) Eng., Deputy Head of the Patent and Information Department

B2 APPENDIX C

SCHEDULE AT UkrNIIproject (IN RUSSIAN) HPOIPAJMÀ CTazapoBaHiH cneqaaocTOB QIIA b ¿aóoparopm yCTOJfrUBOCTH ÖOPTQB ■ OTBEZIOB HHCTHTyTd yitpHHHnpoeKT b ceaTflöpe 1979 r .

Ä a ia ! HamceflOBâHHe MeponpHSTHfi I 12 22 ceH Tflöpa 0pie3A cneqflâJiHCTOB QUA b r.^ H e B i pasxesieHHe hx cy ö ö o T a b ro cT B H m e . 23 ceH Tflöpa OsaancBaeHfle cnemianHCTOB CUJA c aoct onpmieHaTejii»- BocKpeceHBe HocTflMX r.B aeB a. 24 ceH Tflöpa OpneM cneqaaracTOB QUA. pyKOBOÄCTBOM H a y a H o ro org e- noflejiejxBHHK JieHHfl. Oöaafl He$opnanHH o HanpaBJieHHH paöoT JEpHMH- IO-oo - 12-00 npoeKTa no nefiTpoöexHOMy MOAerapoBaM». OöcyxfleHHe nporpaiaiH CTaxapoBaHEH.

12- 0 0 - Iö-oo ÜepepHB Ha oöea. 13- 00 - 17-00 03HaxoMxeflie c flaöopaTopiefi ycTottamocTi oopTOB ■ OTBanoB. 25 ceH Tflöpa OeHaxoaueHBe cneiaaaHCTOB COLA c KOHKpeTHHMH s a n a t a ­ BTOpHlE la , pemaeiaaiH 7KpdHHnpoeKTOM c homoiwho QeHTpooezHO— IU-00 - 13-00 r o MOAeJŒHpOBâHHS. 13-00 - 14-00 ÜepepHB aa oöeg. 14-00 - 17-00 QoflroTOBEa o m r a n o ueH TpoöexH oay MOAejiHpoBäHHX) ycTotflHBOCTi OTBajroB Ha caaöoif ocHOBaHXH, oöcyxAe- HH6 M6T0AHKH ÜOÄTOTOBKH MOfleJIH. 26 ceH Tflöpa üpoBeAemie om ira no QeHTpoöexHOkiy ltOAejüHpoBaHH» cp e.u a ycToftflHBocTH oTBäJia a a cjiaùOM ocHOBâHHH, pa30opsa Iü-00 — 13-00 moabah. 13-00 - 14-00 ÜepepHB na ooeA« 14—00 — 17—00 üöcyxAeHHe pe3yjK>TaT0B liOAeanpoBaHBfl. 27 ceH Tflöpa OröHTie cnemaaHCTOB QUA H3 ^KpUüHnpoeKra. a e T B e p r

C2 APPENDIX D

SYNOPSIS OF VISIT MEMORANDUM

Visit of the USA Specialists to the USSR under

WG 10.05 "Building for Extreme Climate and

Unusual Geological Conditions"

6 September - 29 September

1979

In conformity with the Protocol of the Third meeting of the USA-USSR Joint forking Group 10.05 "Building for Extreme Climates and Unusual Geological Conditions" two American Spe­ cialists : James A.Cheney, Ph.D.-Civil Engineer, University of California, and Paul Gilbert - Engineer-Researcher, The Waterways Experiment Station, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, visited the USSR from 6 September to 29 September 1979 to study the problems of application the centrifuge modelling method in the investigations of soil mechanics. The American Specialists visited scientific and research institutes in Moscow (NllOSI^-Scientific Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures and NIS Hydroproject -Scienti­ fic and Research Division of Hydroproject Institute) and in Kiev (UkrNIIproject) to become familiar with the laboratory testing equipment and techniques of solving the various problems by means of centrifuge modelling method. The American Specialists visited HIS. Hydroproject where they were acquainted with the laboratory of centrifuge model­ ling, the centrifuge installation and the instrumentation, the main principles of the centrifuge modelling of the embank­ ment dams. At the Scientific and Research Institute of Bases and

Underground Structures of Gosstroy USSR the American

D2 Specialists became familiar with the techniques of preparation and analysis of the experimental results with modelling the settlements and stability of bases of structures and buildings.

The American Specialists were given the opportunity to taxe une consultations of the specialists of Moscow Railway Engineer­ ing Institute on the problems of centrifuge modelling in rail­ way construction. At the UkrNIIproject Institute in Kiev the American Specialists were acquainted with the main principles of centrifuge modelling in coal industry • A detail program of the American Specialists visit is atta­ ched as Appendix I.

The American Specialists were received on the principle

"Receiving Side Fays". During their visit Frof.J.Cheney and Eng.P.Gilbert saw the historical sights and architectural monuments of Moscow and Kiev,became familiar with the cultural life of the Soviet people.

The reception of American Specialists took place in a friendly atmosphere, and the results were beneficial to both sides.

The American Specialists express satisfaction with the results of the study mission and are grateful to the Soviet side for the cooperation during their visit in the USSR.

This Memorandum is written in English and Russian.

Both texts equally authentic. Each side has one copy of the

D3 English and Russian texts of this Memorandum

From the Soviet aide From the American side A.V* SAJDOVSKIY J.CHENEY

Deputy Directory Prof*, University of

NIIOSP, Gosstroy USSR California X s

D4 APPENDIX E

ACTUAL SCHEDULE OF EVENTS PROGRAM of the American Specialists visit

in the USSR

6-29 September

1979

6 September Arrival in Moscow, Airport Sheremettevo, Hotel accomodations«

7 September NIS Hydroproject. Discussion of the prog­ ram of study mission« Visit to the Labo­ ratory of investigations into soil engi­ neering properties«

8 September Cultural program 9 September Cultural program

10 September NIS Hydroproject. A general introduction to the Laboratory of centrifuge modelling, the centrifuge installation and the inst­ rumentation«

11 September NIS Hydroproject« Centrifuge experiment for studying a rock.and earthfill dams strains*

12 September NIS Hydroproject. Demonstrational experi­ ments on the centrifuge with the final soil sample failure.

13 September NIS Hydroproject. Introduction to some results of a number of centrifuge model studies of soil materials*

Preparation to the second experiment of the centrifuge studies of the strains in a rock- and eartfill dam model*

14 September The centrifuge experiment and discussion of the results« The final meeting* 13 September Free time 16 September Cultural program

E2 17 September NIIOSP. Visit to the laboratories of the institute* General introduction to the main principles of the centrifuge model­ ling of the foundations under building structures*

18 September NIIOSP. Introduction to the theory of modelling. V isit to the Experimental Building.

19* September NIIOSP* Consultations with the specialists of Moscow Bailway Engineering Institute (Prof• Yakovleva T*G.) on the problems of centrifuge modelling in railway construc­ tion* Characteristics of tbe centrifuge machines in the All-Union S cien tific and Research Institute of Transport Construc­ tion, Dnepropetrovsk Railway Engineering Institute and Moscow Railway Engineering In stitu te. Theoretical principles of modelling in railway construction* 20 September NIIOSP* Continue consultation on the prob­ lem of modelling the settlements and con­ solidation of soils*

21 September NIIOSP* Consultations on the problems of modelling the stability of slopes; dynamics effect of train load on the sta­ bility of slopes in the railway formations* 22 September Cultural program 23 September Cultural program 24 September Kiev* UkrNIIpreject Institute. General introduction to the Laboratory of stability of slopes. Introduction to the main prin­ ciples of the centrifuge modelling of sta­ bility of slopes*

29 September Kiev. UkrNIIproject* Acquaintance with tbe specific problems which are solved by means of centrifuge modelling method* Preparation to the centrifuge experiment for studying the stability of slopes on a weak foundation*

E3 26 September Kiev. UlcrWliprcg eot. Centrifuge experiment for studying the stability of slopes on a weak foundation* Discussion of the modelling results*

27 September Departure for Moscow 28 September Arrive in Moscow. Concluding meeting* Departure Prof* J*Cbeney for USA. 29 September Departure Eng. P.Gilbert for USA.

E4 APPENDIX F

APPENDICES D AND E IN RUSSIAN MEMOPAH.Ii.yM o BH3iiTe aMepüKaHCKMX cnem-iajmcTOB npo$. Äs.^KHea E EHJK. II.PHJEbÓepTa B CCCP 6-29 ceHTHÖpn 1979 tor

B COOTBeTCTBHH C IIpOTOKOJIOM ili—TO SaCeflaHEB COBMeCTHOM cOBeTCKo—aMepïiKaHCKoë rpymm 10.05 "Ctpoetojibctbo b pafioHax co cjiojsHHME KJQnviaTi'iBecKmU'i e reojiorHBecKüi'.ci ycjioBEHME" ÄBa aiviepE- KaHCKKX cneiiiiajiiiCTa -AsceMc MHEK - npo$eccop KajiM^opHHacKoro yHHBepcHTeTa e IlayjiB PMLBEPT - EHKOHep SKcnepEMeHTajiBHoä CTaHixEH boähldc nyTefi MüseHepHoro Kopnyca AptMH CHIA ôhjbi npuHHTH b CCCP Ha CTarapoBKy c 6 no 29 ceHTHÓpa 1979 r. c pejEBio H3yneHHB BonpocoB npHivieKeHEH MeTOfla HeHTpoóesHoro MO^ejmpoBamiB b HCCJie.n.OBaHHHX no MexaHHKe rpyHTOB. AiviepHKaHCKiie cnenjiajmcTH nocerajm ooBeTCKne HaynHo-Kccjieao- BaTejiBCKne opraHH3amm b r.MocKBe (HMOCII e MC TimponpoeKTa h r.KneB (yKpHMMnpoeKT), rse ötum o3H3koMJieHH c OTÄejiBHHMH jiaöopa- TopiíHMií e c MeTOÄHKoS pemeHEH mnpoKoro Kpyra 3aflan MexaroiKE rpyHTOB c I10M01HB.K) neHTpoóexíHoro MOflejinpoBaHiiH. B nHCTHTyTe MC PimponpoeKTa aiviepHKaHCKiie cnemiajmcTH 03HaK0- mejiecb c npfflvieHeHneivi Merofla neHTpooesHoro MO.n.ejEEpoBaHEH iipn npo- eKTHpOBaHEH E CTpOETOJIBCTBe KpyiIHHX HJIOTHH. B HMH ocHOBaHMt e riop3eMHLix coopyaeHiiß PoccTpon: CCCP aMepiiKan- cKne cnepnajincTK öhjie 03HaKomjibhh c MeTopEKOß noproTOBKE e aHa- jiE3a pe3yjiBTaT0B oiejtob npn MopejinpoBaHEE ocapoK e ycTOËEEBOCTH ocHOBaHEt 3flaHEii E coopyseHHK. Ar/iepiiKancKEM cneunajmcTaM ónjia npepocTaBJieHa bo3mojkhoctb nojiyniïTB KOHcyjiBTaiiHE y cnepHajniCTOB ISM Ta no BonpocaM npEMeHeHHH neHTpoógsHoro MosejiMpoBaHEH b >;cejie3Hop;opoKHOM cTpoETejiBCTBe. F2 B yKpíMínpoeKTe b r . KneBe aMepHKaHCKHe cnemiajmcTH dmai 03Ha- KOMJieHH c iipimeneniíeivi neTona peHTpodeimoro î.îonejnipoBaHiiH b yrojrb- hoë npôr.iHiiuieHHOcTii. nporpaiÆ.ia npeôHBamiH aMepinsaHCKHX cnennajnicTOB b CCCP naHa b ilpiiJIOKCHHH I. AMepMKaHCKHe cnemiajmcTH npiiHHMajdicl no npimunny "npiamMaiomaji CTopoHa njiaTMT. " 3a BpeiÆH npeÓHBamiíi b CCCP npo$. Âîc.^meË h hh». Il.rnjiBôepT HMejIH B03M0KH0CTB 03IiaK0MIiTBCH c ECTopimecKíMH nocTonpHMenaTejiB- hocthmh h apxiiTeKTypHHMM narÆHTHHKaMH t .Mockbk h KneBa, KyjiBTyp- HOH JICH3HLI0 coBeTCKoro Hapona. IIpneM aiæpHKaHCKirx cneiBiajmcTOB npoxojnui b npysecTBeHHoË aTMoc-

OT COBeTCKOË CTOpOHH Ot aMepHKancKOË cTopoHH CAÄOBCKMB A .B. M E M » K M C SaM.ÂiipeKTopa Haymio- AMepHKaHCKHË cTasep nccjienoBaTejDbCKoro npoçeccop KajmôopHHËCKoro HHCTKTyTa OCHOBaHHll ymiBepciiTeTa h nonsemiHX coopy- semiii imi.PepeeBanoBa PoccTpoH QCCP jf

F3 flprijioaemie I 11 P 0 T P A ivi 1.1 A npeÓHBaHiíH ai.iepiiKaHCKMX criemiajuicTOB B CCCP

6 CeHTHÖpfl - 29 CeHTHÖpfl I979r .

ju.aTa 1.1 e p o il p î-i h T h e 6 CeHTHÖpfl llpi'idHTHe b i.iocKBy. BcTpena b aaponoprry liiepeivieTLeBO. Pa3MemeHne b rocTiiHime. 7 ceHTHôpa Hl'IC PMÄponpoeKTa. OócyímeHiie nporpam.íK CTasíipOBKM. ÜHaKOMCTBO c JiaóopaTopKeii MCCJieÄOBaHI'lii CTpOIÍTeJIBHHX CBOI1CTB rpyuTOB. 8 ceHTHÖpa KyjiLTypHaa nporpaivmia 9 ceHTflópa KyjiLTypHan nporpaMia

10 CeHTHÔpH HMC TimponpoeKTa. OsHaKor.uieHiie c ochobhhmm npiiHiBinaivm ueHTpoóestHoro MoaejnipoBamifl. 11 CSHTHÓpJI HKC 1'HÄponpoeKTa. ilpOBesemie onHTa Ha HeHTpoóesHoí: Mauiime c iiejEbio iiccjiesoBamiH #e<í>opMaiíiíii KaivieHHo-HaópocHoii iuiotmhí.:. 12 ceiiTflópíi HMC PHÄponpoeKTa. ÍIpoBesemie omiTa Ha HeHTpoóexHoii Mamime c pa3pyuiemieM rpyHTOBtrx oópa3u;oB. 13 CeHTHÖpfl HMC IXiiponpoeKTa. 03HaKOMJieHKe c HeKOTopHMií pe3yjiLTaTaiviH pnsa moæcjibhhx Hccjie^oBaHHK W3 rpyHTOBHX MaTepuajioB Ha iíeHTpH^yre. Hoji,roTOBKa BToporo OKcnepirrvieHTa no iiccjiejio- BaHino ÂeçopMaujîH MO,uejm KaivieHHO-HaópocHoíi njioTHHH Ha ueHTpMipyre. 14 CeHTHÖpfl IIpoBesetme 3KcnepmeHTa. Oócyroemie pe3yjn>TaTOB. SaKJitoqi-íTejiLHaH BCTpena. 15 ceKTflópa CBOÓOflHOe BpeiAH 16 CeHTHÖpfl KyjrbTypHafl nporpawivia 17 ceHTHÓpa HHHOCII. 03HâKOMJieHiie c JiaöopaTopufliviM HHCTHTyTa h c npKHHKnaivíM MoaejuipoBaHua ocHOBamiii 3jiaHMK h coopy:::emiË na HeHTpoóeacHoií ;.¡ai¡uiHe. 18 CeHTHÓpH HPÛI0C1I. OQHaKOMJieHHe c Teopneü Mo^ejmpoBaHHfl. OcMOTp 3KcriepHMeHTajiBHoro Kopnyca.

F4 ÄaTa M e p o n p H h T h e 19 ceHTHÓpa HMMOCn. ifoHcyjiLTamiH co cneiniajfflCTOM IvMITa (npoe3 B MoCKBy. 28 ceHTHÓpa; IIpEÖHTEe b MocKBy. 3aKJD0HETejiBHaH öecena. 0TT»e3Ä E3 MOCKBH lipOGp. ÏEHeH ÄS. 29 ceHTHópn 0TŒ>e3 E3 MOCKBH EHK. n.rEMÖepTa.

F5 APPENDIX G

REFERENCE LIST, ARTICLES RELATED TO RAILROAD ENGINEERING SOIL MECHANICS (IN RUSSIAN) MTEPAïyPA

1. AreHflH T.A. Teopaa BepoHTHOCTeü ana acipoHOMOB a $u3hkob. M., "Hayna", 1974.

2. AnadyaeB n.M. JüeKuaa no ocHOBau Te opini noaodaa h uoaeaapo- BaHHfl. H3fl. Cad. (pan. AH CCCP, HoBOcadapcK, 1968. 3. AJiaóyaceB H.M., TepOHHuyc B.B. m ap. Teopaa noaodaa a pa3 - uepaocTeid. MoaeaapoBaHae. M., "Buciuaa uiKoaa", 1968.

4. AJiBóepr #&., Hhhbcoh 3., yonui J[k . Teopaa cnaaüHOB a ee npanoEeHMfl. Ilep. c aHra. M., “Map", 1972. 5. AJiBÔpexT B .r. a ap. Bonpocu nyTa a nyieBoro X03aücTBa Ha naHaax c dontuioä rpy30HanpaKeHHOCTLio. - "Tpyau HMHÏTa", Bun. 48, M., "ïpaHcnopï", 1965. 6. AJiBÔpexT B.r. a ap. COBepmeHCTBOBaHae KOHCTpyuuaii nyia a CTpeno'íHHX nepoBoaOB. - "Tpyau UHWM", Bun. 501, M., "TpaH- cnopT", 1973. 7. AntnaH JI.M. npaKTa^ecKae padOTu no Teopaa noaa. M., "Hea- pa", 1971. 8. Eaaaaaxa M.K. K Bonpocy ycToanaBOCTa Hacuneü Ha cnadux oc- HOBaHaax. - B cd.: Bonpocu reoTexHHKH, M3a. SHHTa I968,JfcI3. 9. Ban km n.E. OnuTHoe accneaoBaHae HanpaKeHaa b ropHux nopo- aax. ‘TopHirö aypHaa", 1934, N?7, nep. c aHra. 10. EaaoBHOB B. M. ^MsnweCKoe uoaeaapoBaHae pe3aHaa rpyHTOB. M., "MaBiaHOCTpoeHae", 1969.

11. BaaoBHeB B.M. Me to au $n3H

t. 3, Bun. 1(2).

G2 13. Besyxob ü.H. Ocüobli Teopiin ynpyrocxM, nnacTiniHOCïn n noa- ay’tiecTM. li., "iHGüian uixoaa", 1968. l ì . ßeJii>$ep C.M. 0 Macuixaóe Bpeuenn npn MoasaMpOBam/iH ae^opMa- UHÜ r^yHYOBux ocHOBaHHÂ. - "Tpyau MMMïa", 1968, Bun. 273. ivi., "TpaHcnopT". 15. BeaBopep C.Lu MccaeaoBaHiie BnnaHMH xapaKiepucTHK coctohhhh rpyHTa na aecpopuamm ocHOBaimii HeJie3HoaopoHHHX Hacunefi. - "Tpyau üHHTa", 1865, Bun. 210, M., "TpaHcnopT". 16. Bepe3aHueB B .r., flpomeHKO B.A. m ap. MccaeaoBaHne npo^Hoc- TM nec^iaHux ocHOBatiHü. M., "TpaHOiieaaopiiaaaT", 1958. 17. ßep'ranaHQ-M. JI. Cdiuan ïeopuH ciictôm; KpMTime ckmíí oô30p. B co: "MccJieaoBamiH no oduien Teopnn CMCTeu", M., "ilpor- pecc", 1839. 18. Eaayoepr 14.B., Daim 3.T. CTaHOBJiemie n cymHOCTB cncTeMHO- ro noaxoaa. M., "Hayna", 1973. 19. BopncTOB A.A., Hmçohtob B.M., UlaôannH A.IJ. MoaeanpOBaHne BsaniioaeMcTBiifl MaccwBOB nopoa c KperiBK) BepTHxanBuux Bupa- ootok. JI., "Hayna", 1972. 20. BpeMïuaH B.M. iipwTepnn MHïerpaïïBiioro noaodwfl. "lypüaa Te- XHnqecKOü çhsiikm", 1952, t. XIII, Btm. 4. 21. BpeidTuau B.M. Teopua n MeToan pa3uepH0CTefi, noaodua h uoae- nupoBamifl b uaaou. - Jlonaaau nnioß ue&By30BCKoß KOH$epaH- UMH no $n3nyecK0My n MaxeMaTimecKOtiy MoaeanpOBaHnio. Ceicmia "Oomwe Bonpocti ueïoaa MoaeaiipoBaHMfl". M., H3a. MüM, 1968. 82. ByatraeB B.r. Mexann«a aiicnepcHux rpyHTOB. M., "CïpoünaaaT", 1974. 23. BaHnyeB A.n. 0 pacmnpeHim coaepæaHüfl iiH3HtiecKoro noaoônfl. - "&ÿpHaa ïexHimecKOü cpii3MKn", 1938, t. y ill, Bun. 2. 24. BenHuxnii II.T., KyJiBaniucB r.C. Ochobu xeopnn BepofiTHOCTeü n MaYeMaxiinecKOii cïaTMCTHKM. U., "CTaTiiCTMKa", 1968. 25. Be Hn ko b B.A. TeopHH noaoôwfl n iioa^anpoBaHna. M., "Bucuian

G3 iiiicoJia", 1966. 26. BeHTueJiB 6.C. Teopiifl BeponiPHOCTeii. ivi., Toc. iba. í¡.- m. juiïepaTypu, 1932. 27. BenTue7iB S.C ., OB^apoB li. A. ïeopiia böpohthoctöü. M., "Hayna", 1969. 26. Bepuro ii.O. PacneT HanphacoiiuM b oanitacTHOM cjioe h Ha ocho- bhoîi riïïOùiaÂKe 3ekJiHHoro nonoi’Ha. - "îpyAH HHMM MÍ1C", b lui . 97, M., "IpaHCiitöHAopnanaT", I960. 29. Bepuro LU®. h zip. Ouemca BOSAeìicTBiifl Ha nyTB coBpeMeHnux 3JI3KTp0B030B M 'i/tìIIJI0B030B. il., "ïpaH CIIOpT " , 1961. 80. Bepuro M.$. w Ap. Boiipocu BaanMOAeìiCTBiiH iiym m iioabmkho- ro cocïaBa. - "TpyAH HHMM LHIC", 1963, Bun. 268, M., "TpaHCKeTiAopHssaï". 31. Bepuro Li - ., Jlticion B.C. 0 npiiHumiax pec'ieTa npo^HOCTH 3 eti- HHHoro nojioTHa b 30ne oro ochobhoü nnouiaajcM. - "BecTHMK BHHHÂTa", 1972, ¡¿3. 32. Bepiiro M.®. m ap. Him atame enne nccJieAOBaHMH nyin m noppen- TjíipoBita npaBiiB pacyei'OB uenesKosopoKHoro nym Ha npo*iHOCTB - "Tpyau HH MH LillC", 1972, Bun. 466, il., "ïpaHcnopT". 83. Bepiiro LU®., Mb3ho b M.A., AüeJiimeB M.B., Ahtmüob A.C. KaitoM ühïb KOHCïpyicuiiH acenô3HoaopoiKHoro iiyTH? - " Bec TH H ic BHMKUTa", i97-i, Ky. 34. B03H3ceHcicnii C.A. MccJieAOBaHiie SûcnjiyaïauHOHHOü HaaeÂnoci'H Ä3Jie3HoaopoKHux iiacuneii. Mss. BopoHOKCKoro yHMBepcmeTa, BopoiieiK, i974. 35. ByuejiB B.M. npoeimipOBatiMe ii coBpeweHHtie TeHseHmiH b cxpo- HïeïïBCïBe KauenHO-aeuTihHux njiOTiiH. - "TpyAU FuAponpoeKTa", 1973, buh. 32, Li., 113a. TiiAponpoeiCTa. 36. ByueAb B.M., Cauapiin M.K., Chhhbckhm C.B. 0 paciere ycTOii- 4I1B0CTH ii Aüflopiviauiiii oïaOcob iuiothu rnApoaiiKyMyjiiipyiûinHX aïïeKïpocïaumiii. - "TpyAH riiAponpoeKTa", i973, blui. 32, y., H3a. riiAporipoe.v'i'a. G4 37. Budop onTMMan&HHX napaMeipos bocliìmochoto nonyBaroHa. - "Tpyau MHHTau, 1962, bmi. 153, M., MTpaHC*eJiflopH3flaTM. 38. Budop napaueipoB w KOHCTpyKTMBHHX cxeM rpy30Bux BaroHOB. - "Tpyau UHHH MnC", 1966, bmi. 189, M., "TpaHcnopT". 39. TanqeHKOB A.M. npuueH6HMe ceJiBCHHOB ana u3uepeHUfl nepeueme- hmìì npu neH-rpodeacHOM MoaejmpoB amiM. MH$opuauHOHHoe nuotilo UHHHC, 1955, te6. 40. repOHHMyC B.B. HCTOpMfluiTeiìH M.H., TypoBCKaa A.fl. a ap. MccaeaoBaHae rnydo- khx onoH3Heiì Oaecou. B cd: Bonpocu reoTexHaica, 1968, teI2, M3a. flHHTa, SHenponeTpoBCK. 47. roJiBauiTeMH M.H., TypoBCKaa A.fl., Taiio$eeBa T.A. 0 anaTent- ho2 ycTOfi^MBocTK onoji3HeBux ckxohob. B cd: Bonpocu reoiex- HMKid. 1969, tei 6, KaeB, "ByaiBeatHaK1'. 48. ronBauiTeÙH M.H., TypoBCKaa A.fl., flatiauKaa C.C. 0 npo^Hoc-

G5 TH luiacTM^Hux BOSOHacHiueHHBK rnHH. Tpyan K y il MeacayHapoa- Houy KOHrpeccy no MexaHHice rpymoB h $yHaaueHTOCTpoeHH». CeKUHfl I» M., 1969. 49. roni,a«TeiÌH M.H. MexaHHnecKHe CBOÜCTBa rpyüTOB. H3aaüMe BTopoe, nepepaôoTaHHoe. M., H3a. jimt. no cip-By, 1971. 50. roüiLauiTeËH M.H., ilyamep C.T., TyÓojitneB B.M. MccneaoBaHHe ocaaoK $yHaaueHTOB npn aaBJiemiflx, npeBuuiaioiuHX nopuaTHBHoe, ueToaoM ueHTpoóesHoro uoaennpoBaHHa. B c6: Bonpocti reoTex- hhkh, 1972, te20, H3a. ÂHHTa, flHenponeTpoBCK. 51. rojiiauiTeÔH M.H. MexoHnnecKHG CBottcTBa rpyüTOB (ochobhho KOunoHOHTu rpyHTa h hx B3aMUoaeücTBMe). U., nCTpoflH3aaz", 1973. 52. roaBauiTeÄH M.H., Kyiimep C.T., naßMHiueBa A.II., TyÔonmeB B.U., IiïôB^eHKO M.H. 3KcnepHueHTajiBHH6 HCcneaoBaHHH cxHua- euocTH rjiMHMCTux ocHOBatuiü. B cd: BonpocH reoTexHHKH, 1974, te23, tf3a* SMTa, flüenponeipoBCK. 53. rojiBaniTeMH M.H., IIpeodpaaceHCKHÄ O.C., PaxuaHOB T.T., TyÓo- JiBueB B.M., IDeBneHKo M.H. HccneaoBaHMe uecyaefi cnocodHOCTH BHdpouiTaunoBauHux h dypoHadHBHnx cBaß. B cd: Bonpocti reoie- XHHKH, 1974, te23, H3a. HWHTa, ÂHenponeTpoBCK. 54. TyduH $>.$., npwropOBCKuß H.H., XecHH r.JI. BcTpoeHHuft BapH- am rHapoaneKTpocTaHUHM m ero HccneaoBanHH. - "rHapoiexHM- qecKoe CTpOHTenBCTBo", 1958, tel. 55. TyxuaH A.A. HaynHO-nccneaoBaTejiBCKan padoia b odJiacTH $m3h- necKofi TennoTôXHHKH. - "lypHan TexHM^ecKott $h3hkm", 1933, T. III, b Lin. I. 56. ryxitaH A.A. BBeaeHne b TeopH» noaodnn. M., "B hic man ancona", 1963. 57. JlaBuaeHKOB H.H. Hobuô ueToa npHueHOHHH uoaeneM k M3yneHH0 paBHOBecHH b rpyHTax. - "Kypuan TexHHnecKofi $h3hkm", 1933,

G6 T. I l l , Buri. I.

58. flaBuaeüKOB H.H. Hobuü cnocoó npnueHeHHH uoaeneü k H3 yqeHMio paBHOBecHfl coopysteHuii. "MeTpocTpofi", 1933, Jfe3.

59. JleBsapuauu A.C. Maieuaïu'iecKuM aHanu3 b reouop$onoriui. U., "Heapa", 1967.

60. SeMHAOBuq B.n., Map oh H. A., OlyBaaoBa 3.3. ^ucaeHaue ueToau

aHaan3a. M., Toc. M3a. $-m Jim-pu, 1962.

61. âkohcoh P., KacT $ ., PoseHUBeür ][• CncieMu n pyicoBoaciBO.

riep. c aHrn., M., "Cobstckoo paano", 1971.

32. ÄnpeKTop C., Popep P. BBeaeüne b Taoputo cncieu. Ilep. c aHrJi., M., "Mnp", 1974. 63. SoÖpoB 3.M. OueHKa ycTOñquBOCTu 3eu3iHHoro nonoma c yqeTou

peoJiomqecKux cboüctb rpymoB. - "Tpyau Coi03jlOPHHH", 1972, Bun. 58, M.

64. HoópOB 3.M. OcHOBHue npnHuunu h ueToawKa ouôhkh aJiHTenBHO0

ycToüqHBocTH otkocob 3eu3iHHoro rioaoiHa. - "Tpyau CocsflOPHMH”, 1974, Bun. 74, M.

65. Jioua ôyayT npoqHee. "npaBaa”, 1970, 19 miohh.

66. ßBaqeHKO B.fl>. OcHOBHue iiohhtmh BuqwcJiwTejiBHOfi uaTeuaiMKit. M., "Hayrca", 1972.

67. EpmoB B.A. ycToiwMBOCTB necqaHux Hacuneft b cbh3 h c Koaeôa- HHHMH, BU3UBaeUUUH He 7ie3HOaOpOKHUM U aBTOUOÔMJIBHUU TpaHc— nopïou. - "Tpyau JIMCM", 1962, Bun. 37, H.

68. I hhkhh r.H. h nepeipyxiiH H.A. CoopyjKeHHe 3eunHHoro nojioma

acene3Hux aopor b paüOHax BeqHOfl uep3Ji0Tu. H., 1961.

69. ïïypaBaeB A.H. MccaeaoBaHwe ycTOiiqMBOCTu otkocob Ha uoaeanx

3eiiJiHHHX naoTHH npH nouona ueHipodersHoro npnôopa. - "Eîoji-

jreTQHB rnapoTexreoMHCTHTyTa", 1932, NïIO, U.

70. 3ano3iBcicMÜ B.M. JUcTaHunOHnafl H3uepuTejiBHaH annapaiypa âîih ueHTpoôeaaoro noaenupOBaHUH. - "Tpyati HHrPM", 1957, '’Meian-

G7 jiyprM3aaT". 71. 3ano3iBCKuä B.n., Mafinan A.P. MccneaoBaHne MeToaaua Moaena- pOB8HMH BOnpOCOB rOpHOTO aaBJieHHfl B yCJIOBHHX HMKOIIOTIBCKOrO öacceÜHa. - "Tpyan HMrPH", 1957, nMeTaJinypra3aaT". 72. 3apeaKafi R).K. Teopan KOHConaaaiiaa rpyHioB. nos pe^aaicuaefi qji.-Kop. AH CCCP npo$. UuïOBM^a H.A. M., "Hayaa", 1967. 73. SentaoBM^ H.E., Mhuikmc A.fl. Bjiómshtli npaanaaHofi MaieuaTH- KH. M., "Hayna", 1967. 74. MBaHOB £.M. Buöop pauaoHanBHHX ueToaoB 3anuca nepeiieaeHiifi b none íjeHTpoóeniiHX cují. - "Tpyan MHMTa" 1965, Bun. 210, M., "TpaHcnopT".

75. Hb3hob fl.M. 3$$eKTMBHuM ueToa H3MepeHMH nepeMemeHHß npa wccJieaoBaHMM MeTOflOM ueHTpoóeacHoro MoaenapoBaHan. - "Tpy- au MHMTa", 1968, Bun. 273, M., "TpaHcnopT". 76. MBaHOB £.M. M3y<íeHMe padOTH aaeKTpa^ecKax aamanoB npa hc- CJieaoBaHHH HapyuieHHH npeaenBHoro paBHOBecaa Moaenefl eacH- neií - "Tpyati MMMTa", 1973, bmi. 443, M.

77. MBaHOB 2.M. flacTaHuaoHHoe m3m@p6hh@ yrnoB pa3BopoTa nape­ lo« Ha aeHTpoóeacHHX MawaHax. - "Tpyan MMMTa", 1974, Ban. 462, M. 78. MBaHOB H.H., OpHaTcnafi H.B., EaÓnoB B.G>. iy MesayHapoamifl KOHrpecc no uexaHHKe rpyHXOB a $yHaaMeHTOCTpoeHa». M., "ABT0TpaHCM3aax", 1958. 79. MBaxHOHKo A.T., Jlana B.r. npeacna3aHae cny*iafiHNX npoqeccoB. KaeB, "HayKOBa aywna", 1971.

80. MrHaTBeB A.ft. MccJieaoBamie ycTOítaaBOCTa o^acTHoro 3 aóoa. M., "Hayna", 1967. 81. MeHB IIIy-^íyHB. ycïpoacTBO KeJie3Hoaopo«Hux BbieuOK b aëccax a

nëccoBMaHux rpyHTax. ABTope$epaT ance. Ha coacnanae y1?, ct. K.T.H., M., MMMT, 1957.

G8 82. MeHfc Iüy-^yHL. K ycTpoßcTBy aene3HoaopoaHHX bhomok b xëccax a aëccoBHjiHHX rpyHxax. - “TpaHcnopxHoe cTpoaiexBCTBO", 1958, Ns3. 83. Ho$$e A.fl. 0 npaMöHeHaa aeHTpodeaHOii uauiHHH ans accxeaOBa- HMH yCTOË'JMBOCTH OTKOCOB. - "TaapOTeXUatieCKOe CTpOaTOXBCT“ bo", 1933, Ne6. 84. Mo$$e A.fl., IlOKpoBCitatö r.H. K Bonpocy o uexoaaice xadopaTO- pHoro onpeaexeHMH yrxa ycToifàaBoro OTtcoca Ha ueHTpa$yre. - "lypHax TexHHtiecicoË $h3hkm" t. ly, Ban. 3 ., 1934. 85. Mo$$e A.fl. K Teopaa caxoBoro nona npa ueHTpodeaHOii iioaexa- P0B8HHH. - "iüypHax TexHiiqecKofl $m3hkm" , 1934, t . iy, bhh.8. 86. Mo$$e A.fl. 0 uacinxade BpeueHH npa MoaexapoBaHaa 30uxhhux rwapoTexHHqecKMX coopyaeHMÜ Ha aeHTpa$yre. - "lypHax Tex- HH^iecKOfi $h3hkh", 1934, t. iy, buh. 8. 87. Ho$fe A.fl. K MoaexapoBaHato $axBTpaaaa. - "ÄypHax töxhasso­ lco ii $m3mkh", 1935, T. y, Btm. 5. 88. HccneaoBaHiie Hecymefi cnocoÖHOcTH $yHaaueHTOB H3 cBafl h odoxoqeic. - "Tpyau UHMHC", 1969, bim. 66, M., "TpaHcnopx". 89. HccxeaoBaHHH no odmefi Toopaa cacxex. Cd. nepeBoaoB. M., "Ilporpecc", 1969. 90. Ka3aKeBHq J.H. Ochobh xeopaa cnytiafiHHX $yHKu#Ë h ee npaua- H6HH6 b raapoMexeopoxoraa. JI., rHapoueieopoHorH’iQOKoe a3- aaTeJiBCTBO, 1971. 91. KanxyHOB P.I1., üauaH H.M. K sonpocy accxeaoBaHan axeuoHTOB ropHux padOT MQToaoM ueHTpodeanoro MoaexapoBaHaa h onpeaa- neHHH Macuixada BpeuoHa. - "Tpyan TopHoro aH-Ta", 1950, Bun. 8 , uyrxeTexH3aaT". 92. Kapxaa C. OcHOBu Teopaa cnyqaäHHX npoaeccoB. üep. c aHrx. M., "Map", 1971.

93. Kail H.fl. Tann doxoT CCCP a 3anaaH0fi Ebpohh a ax reorpa$a-

G9 necKoe pacnpocipaHeHae. M., "reorpa&aaaaT", 1948. 94. Keiin$ep 4». IlyTi» b coBpeMeHHyto íasatcy. nep. c aHra. M., "Map", 1972. 95. Kep30H XyaHr. CTaTacia^ecicaH uexaHHKa. îïep. c aHm. M., "Map", 1966. 96. Kapna^eB M.B. Teopan MoaeaapoBaHHH. - "KypHaa TexHa^ecKofi $h3hkh", 1934, T. iy, B Bill • 3. 97. KapnaneB M.B. Teopaa noaodaH KaK ocnoBa aKcnepaaeHTa. M.-JI., "220 nei AH CCCP. lüdaaeiÍHaH ceccaH." 1947. 98. KapnaneB M.B. a KoHaaoB n.K. MaTeMaTanecnae ochobh Teopaa noaodaa. M.-JI., 1949. 9 9 . Kapna^ieB M.B. Teopaa noaodaH. M., a3a. AH CCCP, 1953. 100. KaceaeB B .A. Baaica a naaTH Ha ciijiouihom ynpyrow ocHOBaHaa. M3-B0 OHTH, M.-JI., Ta. peasKpaa cTpoaieatHoM aaïepaTypH, 1936. 101. K aneat y ., Hafiï y., PyaepMaH M. MexaHaica. nep. c aHra. M., "HayKa", 1971. 102. KoBaaeHKO H.H., Mapico fl.B., K03aH Pe3yaBTaTu accae- aoBaHaa ae^opuanaii b KpaeBBix 30Hax top$hhhx ocHOBaHafi ao- pojsHux HacHneü. B cd: "CTpoaTeaBCTBO Ha top$hhhx rpyHTax". MaTepaaaH k nepBoH Bcecoto3HOü KOH$epeHitaa no CTpoaTeaBCT- By Ha Top^aHHx rpyHTax. q. II, KaaaHHH, 1972. 103. l{03aoB B.A. Baaaiiae peKHMa pa3roHa uainaHH Ha pe3yaBTaTBi UeHTpodeMHoro MoaeaapoBaHaa. - "ïpyan MHI1Ta", 1968, Bun. 273, M., "TpaHcnopT". 104. KoBMoropoB A.H. JIOKaaBHaa CTpyKTypa TypdoaeHTHOCTa b Hec- JsauaeMOii bh3koä khäkocth npa o^eHB doaBinax nacaax PefiHO- aBaca. ßAH CCCP, 1941, t. 30, Ii24. 105. KoHanoB n.K. Teopaa noaodaa a aHaaa3 pa3uepH0CTeü. Teopaa noaodMH a MoaeaapoBaHae. M., AH CCCP, 1961.

G1Q 106. KoHÄpauiMXUH g.T. Teopaa ouihÓok. M., "TpaHcnopT", 1969. 107. Kohqiuh r.r. 3KcnepHiieHTajiBHoe accaeaoBaHae pacnpeaeneHaa aHHaMM'iecKMX HanpaaeHiiü b Tene 3euJiaHoro nonoTHa. - "Tpy- SH MMMTa", 1965, Bun. 210, M., MïpaHcnopT". 108. KopH T. h KopH T. CnpaBOtiHMK no uaTeiiaiiiKe îijih Hay*iHnx paÔOTHMKOB m MHMGHepoB. nep. co BToporo aiiepaic. nepepad. M3Ä* M., "Hayna", 1974. 109. KocTuroBa A.B., yiunaaoBa M.M. MccaeaoBaHae ycTottaaBOCTa OTKOCOB MOKpHX JlëCCOBUX BhieiiOH. B CÔÎ BOnpOCH reOTOXHHKH, 1968, teI2, H3fl. 2MHTa. 110. ¡{03$$HaM6HTbI nepeBOaa eaMHHU M3MepeHMH $H3MH0—TeXHM'IGC— kmx BenM'ïMH, M., "AT0MM3aaT", 1967. 111. KpauôeüH y ., Kay$uaa M., Man-KeiduOH P. Moaena reoJiomqec- KHX npoueccoB. nep. c aHra. M., "Map", 1973. 112. Kpeniiep B.B. 0 MoaenapoBaHaa nocpeacTBOM ueHTpodeKHOÄ ycTaHOBKH npa Hana^aa ftaaBipauaa rpyiiTOBOfi Boau. CÖ. HHOCn, 1949, toi3, M., "roccTpofia3aaT". 113. Kpe^uep B.B. 0 HenoTopux 3aaanax Teopaa uaxaHa^dCKoro noaoôaa. HAH CCCP, 1949, t. , IM, U.-J., H3a. AH CCCP. 114. KpoH r. MccBeaoBaHae cjiokhhx cacTeu no macinìi - aaaKon- Tana. üep. c aHTJi. M., "Hayna", 1972. 115. Kc6ho$ohtob A.M. PeaaKcauMOHnaa Teopaa noHCOJiaaauaa a HOBuü ueToa pacqeia ocaana bo BpeueHa. - "Tpyan MMMTa", 1965, Bun. 197, M., M3a. MMMTa. 116. Ky3BueHK0 A.B., MapneBa*! B.A. MccaeaoBaHae caa a ycnope- hhM, aeßcTByioiiiax Ha uoaenB 3eMJiHHoro noaoiHa npa ueHTpo- deacHOM uoaenapoBaHaa. Co. CTyaeH^ecnax Hay^Hux paóoi. 1965, Nü4, M., M3a. MMMTa. 117. JlaHaay H.fl. a JIa$uiau E.M. MexaHana. ynenTpoaMHaiiana. M., "Hayna", 1969. gu 118. Jlannayc JI.r. ycaoBHH noaodMH npn MoaeaiipoBaHHM c y^ieTOM non3yqecïn MaTepnana. - "Ctpohto JiBHaa uaxaHUKa h pac^eT coopyKeHWÄ", I960, 166. 119. Jlanuayc JI.C. K pac^ei-y nepeiiememia 3eMH0ü noBepxHocTH, BU3B8HHHX no^3GMHUMM p a3padOTKaián. B cd: Bonpocn reoTex- hmkm, 1361, te4, M3a. JIHHTa. 120. Jlannayc JI.C., Iilaaytm K.III. ynpenaenwe otkocob caadiix Hacu- neü cBafluü. B cd: Bonpocn reoTexHHKH, 1962, 165, H3a.ÄHMTa. 121. JlapqeHKO E.r. BunncaHTejiBHafi TexHUKa w SKOHOuiiKa - uaTe- MaTM^ecKwe Meïoaa b 3eM3ieycTpoÜcïBe. M., 1973, "Heapa". 122. JImch^kmh B.A. Teopun h npaKTHKa nporHOCTHKH. M., "Hayna”, 1972. 123. JIhckjk B.C., Il03aHflK0B B.H., Tmtob B.n. MeToanna pac^eia Hecymeü cnocoôHOCTH ochobhoü naonaaKH aKcnayaiapyeuoro 3eiiJiflHoro nonoTHa. noa pea* Beparo M.4>. - "ïpyan UHHH MnC", 1971, Bim. 451, M., "TpaHcnopT". 124. MaraeeB y.X. MeToanna n pe3yaBTaTH 3KcnepnMeHTaaBHoro hc- cneaoBaHMH ycToa

G12 129. ManöiuimKHÜ HJ.H. Pguighhg cdoähhx reoTexHwqecKMX 3aaa*i uexoaou ueHïpooeïiCHoro uoaeJuipoBaHMH. OcHOBaHMH, $yHaa- mghth M MexaHMKa rpymoB. MaTepwajiH III Bcecoü3Horo co- BemanuH, Kmgb, "ByaiB63i£HHK", 1971. 130. MaJitouiMiiKHii 10.H. ycTaHOBKa «jih onpGaeiiGHHH ycToM*iHBocTH nopo^Hux otkocob Ha pa3pe3ax UGïoaOM iteHipodeMoro Moae- jiMpOBaHjHH. Kmgb, "PoKaaua1*, 1971. 131. ManioiuiiuKHÄ K).H. ycToß^MBocTB Hacaneü otbbâob. Khgb. "byai BeJiBHMK", 1975. 132. MaproïteB A.H. K pac^Gïy awHamuséekoH ycTOfîHUBOCTM Hacu- neü. - "Bgcthhk UHHH MnC", 1961, tel. 133. MaproTBQB A.H., AHaHBGB H.H. üpiimghghhq ceflcMoannapaTypu M 3UBM aJifl HCcneaoBaHMH KOJieÓaHalí onaoniHux opea* UHHH é Mne, M., "TpancnopT", 1967. 134. MapTHH $. MoaenapoBaHae Ha BHniic3inTG3i£HiiX MaïuwHax. Ilep. c 3Hr3i. M., "COBôïCKoe paano”, 1972. 135. MacTaneHKO B.H. Ochobu tgopmh uoaeawpoBaHHa CTpoHTeaBHHX KOHCTpyKiitiß o yyGTOM cJiy»iaHHHX hb3ighmìì. ABTope$apaT aac- cep'ramiM Ha concKaHiiG yqGHofi ctgiighh a» t •h •, M., MHHT, 1970. 136. MGC'iaH C.P. MGXaHH^eCKHG CBOÂCTBa rpyHTOB H JiaôopaxopHHG MGïoau iix onpGaGJiGHMH. M., "Hoapa", 1974. 137. MGioaM^GCKMG yiiaaaHHH no onpoasasHMio (ÌH3HK0—uGxaHnnGCKnx CBOficïB rpyHTOB b nojiycTaHMOHapHoU siadopaTopaa n3HCKaTe- 3IBGKMX aKcneaamiil. M., OpripaHccxpofl. 1961. 138. ivlGTOaimGCKUG yita3aHMH IIO npOGKTMpOBaHHIO 3GMHHH0r0 noaoT- Ha Ha cJiadux rpymax. M., OpnpaHccTpoii, I960. 139. Llama C.H. Hcc3isaoBaHHG cno3i3aHi-iH ogmjihhhx otkocob Ha mo- as3iHx b uGHTpMçyrG BOßPEO. - "Tpyau 3iad. raapOTGX. coopy- jSGHwiì BHMM I" !i., "CTpoHidsaaT", 1939. G13 140. MycHH A.H., HeoaapoBa 10.H. Hobhö npadopti u annapaTypa jpH u3M0p6HUfl ae$opidaqafi npa ueHipotíesHOU uoaenapOBaHaa. B KH. "MeToan a npadopti Am H3y^eHiiifl ropHoro aaBJieHaa". M., "Heapa", 1964. 141. Haaaa A. ílJiacTii^HOCTB a pa3pymeHae TBepanx Ten. Ilep. c aHrn. t. 2. M., "Map", 1969. 142. HaaapOB A.r. 0 uexaHanecKOM noaodaa ae$opMapyeMHX Ten. M3Ä. AH Apu. CCP, 1965. 143. HaceaKMH H.A., ByntreeB B.r. PacnpeaeneHae HanpazeHaß Ha noBepxHOCTH Kpyrnofi TpydH, nouemeHiiofi b rpyHT. - "KypHan TeXHM^ecitoü $a Batta", 1937, t. y il, Bun. 17. 144. HaceaKMH H.A. CTaTMCTiiaecKaa leopaa iioae jimp ob atina. Top$a- HOÄ HH-T. PyKOIIHCB. 1937. 145. IlaceaicHH H.A. lleHTpodesHoe uoaenapoBaHae a uoaenapoBaHae padOTH top$HHoro npecca. - "BiojiJieTeHB Top$aHoro aH-Ta", 1937, HS3. 146. HaceaKMH H.A. MccJieaoBaHae dHCTponpoTeKawaax ae$opuaqaft aacnepCHbix cacTeii. - "lyptian TexHaaecKofi $m3mkm", 1938, T. y ill, Bun. 3. 147. Hacea^Mä H.A. OnpeaeneHae HanpaaceHait b top$hhom uaccHBô noa aeßcTBaeM cTaTM<íectcoií Harpy3ita (ueToqou ueHTpodezao** ro MOa© JlnpOBatiilH ). KaJIMHHHCKafl TOp$aHOfi MHCTMTyT. PyKO- nncB. 1939. 148. HaceaKMH H.A. TepMoanHauawecKaa Teopaa MoaenapoBaHaa npa- M6HHT6JILH0 K rpymaM a no^Bau. ÄOKTopcKaa aaccepTaqaa. ropHHM mh- t. PyKonacB. 1940. 149. HacoHOB H.fl. MoaenapoBaHae ropHux npoqeccoB. M., "Heapa" 1969. 150. Hay^HO-accneaoBaïeJiBCKae padom aJifl npoeKTapoBaHaa a CTpo- HTeJIBCTB8 36HJIHHUX M KaMeHH0-36MJlHHHX IMOTaH. IlpOCneKT K G14 y ill Me&ayHOpofltfouy KOiirpeccy no uex. rp. n tfiyHaaueHTO- GïpoeHHK). SJ., ii3;u TiiÄponpoeKTa, 1873. I5 I. Hhümtwh a .fl. OimjcHemie - $yHKUHH Hayicn. LI., "Hayna", 1370. 153. HnnmiopOBM1! A.A. OnpeaeneHne Tpemia h cuenasHna cbh3hux rpyHTOB. - "ïpyau BOJirEO", 19-iO, cd. ¡¿2. 153. 0JiBXOBCiCiiti M.H. Kypc TeopeTnqecnoii uexaHMicn an« $m3mkob. LI., "Hayna", 1370. 154. OTneT o nayqHO iiccneaOBäTSJibCicoM paöoxe. Odane TpedOBa- naa h npaBnna ogúopunaHaa. TOCT ISG00-74 Toc. kou. CTaH— aapTOB Cob. [Jim. CCCP, M., 1374. 155. HspecBeTOBa r.r. Od accJieaoBaHaa ycTofiqwBOCTM otkocob üt.a. BbieMOic ueïoaoM ueiiTpodesHoro MoaeaapOBaHaa. - TpaH- CnOpTHOe CTpOaTSTIbCTBO", 1369, fi2. 150. nepecBexoBa r.P . iloBepxHocTHue cnnuBM otkocob K.a. Bue- MOK b ycJioBiiax CeBcpa EBponekcicow TöppaTopaa CCCP. - "Tpyan ivillHTa", 1339, Bun. 298, "TpaHcnopT". 157. nepeTpyxiiH H.A., UBeaoayö 8.H ., JFiKOBJieBa E.A. Hoboq b co- opyxeHiin 3euJiflti0i’0 nojioma. - "TpancnopTHoe cxpoaTejibCT- BO", 1373, « II. 158. nei’pOBa JI.ÍI. weToanna a nepBuk ouht woaeaapOBaHaa Ha ueH- Tpncyre hapyiucni-ia ycToiiqaBocia OTicoca, caoseHuoro rmiHac- ïuaa rpyiiTaMn c usJibio oaeHna con^oniBjiohhh rpyHTOB caßary. - "yqeHKö aaimcicn .53HHÏ", 1884, bu h . 13. 159. nei’poB iu.B. HccacaoBaHiie ocaaon TopraHux ocHOBatink »cejie3- HoaopoiäHHX Hacaricid ueToaoti ue¡iT¿jode«üioro MoaenapoBaHaa. - "'ipyau UHMHC", 1831, Bun. 40, ¡J., "TpaHcaeJiaopn3aaT". l80. flexpOB L.A. Jlorunecicaa wyHnmia naTeropHÖ aaaneKTaKa. £d., "Bucuiaa uinoaa", 1372.

G15 161. IlemKOB n .r. SneKTpoxMMii^ecKoe 3aitpenjieHMe nepeyBJiaacaeHHux rpyHTOB npM coopyaceHHH buomok. - "Tpyau MHHTa", 1963, M., "TpaHCKeJiÄOpMaaaT". 162. ÍImijiiok 1UA. WcnuiaHue cxpomxbjibhhx KOHCTpyicmiii Ha MO^e- nflx. JI., M33. nui. no cxp-By, 1971. 163. niwyrMH A.B. Top$HHiie MeoxopoaaeHMH. M., "Bncuiafl lUKOJia", 1967. 164. IIomck a3epöaäa2caHCKiix y

G16 aeaapoBaHnn. - "lypHaji TexHa^ecKOli $M3MKn", 1935, t. y, Bun. 9. 173. noicpoBCKMii r.H. UeHTpodaatHoe MoaeanpoBaHne. OHTH, 1935. 174. IlOKpoBCKHii r.H-., $eaopOB H.C. HccaeaoBaHne aaBaeHna rpy- HTa m se$opiianuH c noMOuiLC qQHTpH$yrii. Tpyaa IlepBoro Me- acayH. KoHrpecca no uexaHWKe rpyHTOB n $yHaaii6HTOCTp06Hnto. rapBapa, 1936. 175. IlOKpOBCKiia r.H., KynijOB H.r. OnpeaeaeHne aaBaeHna rpyrna Ha TpydH b ipamueax. H3-bo AKX PCOCP, 1937. 176. noKpoBCKnii r.H. fleMcTBne yaapa n B3puBa b ae$opMnpyeimx cpeaax. H. II, M., H3a. BHA, 1938. 177. IIokpobckhH r.H. n 4>eaopOB H.C. HccaeaoBaHne ocaaKH Kpyr- aux miaunoB c pa3amiHHMH 3arnydneHnaiiH nx b rpyHT. -

"lypHaa TexHH'iecKofi $h3hkh", 1938, t. y ill, Bun. 7. 178. noKpoBCKMH r.H. HccaeaoBaHne yaapa n B3puB8 b ao$opunpy- euux cpeaax. q. I, M., H3ZU BHA PKKA, 1938. 179. noKpoBCitHfi r.H. 4>n3»qecKHe npeanocuaitH pacyeTa uacmTada BpeueHH npn ae$opMannax rpyHTOB. - "SypHaa TexHwqecKott eaopoB H.C. MoaeanpoBaHne npo^HOCTn rpy- htob. M., "rocca:poJin3aaT", 1939. 183. noKpoBCKnii r.H., $eaopOB H.C. HccaeaoBaHne yaapa n BapuBa b aa$opMnpyeuux cpeaax. q. III, M., n3a. BHA, 1940. 184. noKpoBcoH r.H., QeaopoB H.C., flOKyqaeB M.M. Teopna n npa- KTHK8 CTpOMTâJIBCTBa IIJIOTHH HanpaBaeHHHlIH B3ptIBaUH. M., Toc. M3a. jimt- ph no cxp-By ii apXHieiciype, 1951. 185. noxpoBCKntt r.H. h ÆeaopOB H.C. UempodescHoe MoaeanpoBaHne ana peineHnfl HHxeHepHHX 3aaaq. M., Toc. m3s . am -pu no CTp-By u apxüTeKType. 1953. 186. noKpoBCKHÜ r.H., $6AopoB H.C. SeücxBiie yaapa h BspuBa b fle^opunpyoMtix cpeaax. U., Mroccipoüii3aaxn, 1957. 187. nOKpOBCKUH r.H. 0 MOaejIHpOBaHHH aefiCTBHH BHÔpaUüfi Ha rpyHTH. - "Tpyan rnaponpO0 KiaM, 1962, c<5. 7. 188. üokpobckhH r.H ., QeaopoB H.C. üpuueHeHHe HanpaBaeHHOro B3ptiBa B rHapOTeXHHqeCKOU CXpOHXeHBCXBe. M., 'Toccxpofi- H3aax", 1963. 189. noKpoBCKHÄ'r.H. B3PHB. M., "Heapa", 1967. 190. noKpoBCKHÄ r.H . rpaBHTaiiHfl h HHepuüfl. M., "3HaHne", 1967. 191. noKpOBCKiiH r.H. h $eaopOB H.C. UeHTpodexHoe MoaeaiipoBaHiie b cipouxeaBHOM aexe. M., H3a. aux. no cxp-y, 1968. 192. noKpoBCKHâ r.H ., OeaopoB H.C. UeHipoôeacHoe iioaeaHpoBaHHe b ropHOM aene. M., "Heapa", 1969. 193. IIoKpoBCKiiti r.H., ieaopoB H.C. Bo3BeaeHae mapoTexHiwec- KHX 36MHHHUX COOpyX0HM0 HanpaBB0HHHM B3PHB0M. M., usa* am . no cxp-By, 1971. 194. noancap r.JI. MoaeaupoBaHne. M., BoeHHoe maaieaBciBO mh- HHCTepcTBa odopoHH CCCP, 1963. 195. IIoaBuiiiH fl.E. OntiT npmieHeHMH uexoaa pac^exa ocHOBaHHü h coopyxeHMÂ no npeaeaBHOiiy cociohhmd h npeanoxeHHH no ero coBepuieHCXBOBaHHK}. M., 1958. 196. noaBBiMH fl.E., PyaHamciiM H.fl., Hhähkob n.r., flKOBaeBa ï.r. UempodexHoe MoaeaapoBaHiae ocHOBaHHfi coopyxeHHfi. Tpyau k y ill MexayHapoaHOiiy KOHrpeccy no MexaHHKe rpyHiOB h $yH- aaueHToexpoeHHK), Ta. cecciin Li. M., Cxpofias sax, 1973.

G18 197. nonoB JI.A. HccnenoBaHne ycTOÄHUBOCTH otkocob hsumbhux sand ui3iaMOxpaHnnnm ueionoM ueHipodeKHoro MonanHpoBaana. - "Tpynu BHHH BOflrEO", nadopaTopaa 3eunaHHX coopyxeHufi, 1978.

198. npHropoBCKidlí H.M., XecaH r.JI. MonenapoBaHae b ueHTpode*-

HOM none rpaBmaunOHHux HanpaaceHatt b uaccaBHux coopyaceHa- ax c y^eTOM ocoóeHHOcTH ne$opiiauaa ocHOBaHaa. - "TanpoTe- XHMtiecKoe CTponTejibCTBo", 1961, Ns3.

199. Ilpoóneuu Meiononoraa CHCTeuHoro nccnenoBaHaa. M., "Much*? 1970.

200. IIpoeKTHpOBaHne a B03BeneHne 3eMJiHHoro nonoTHa xene3 Htix a aBTOMOÓílJIBHUX flOpOI*. CÓ. M3fl. AH CCCP, 1950. 201. IIpoKonoBH^ A.r. SKcnepHMeHTanBHue accnenoBaHaa ocanoK Hacunett. - "TpaHcnopTHoe CTpoaTejiBCTBo", 1956, tell.

202. Ilyra^eB B.C. CTaTnciatiecKna ueTonH b TexHa^ecicofi KadepHe- TMKe• LI., "CoBei’CKOe panno", 1971. 203. Pauóepr X. MonenapoBaHae ne$opuaunfi 3euHoa KopH c npaae- HeHHeu ueHTpa$yrn. Hep. c aHrn. M., "Map", 1970. 204. PacieT ^asanecicax nonefl MeTonana nonenapOBaHaa. non pena- Kiiaett JltocTepHiixa JI.A. a Boniracicoro B.A. M., "MamaHOCTpoe- Hne", 1968. 205. PeÜHep M. Peonorna. nep. c aHrn. M., ‘'Hayna", 1965.

206. Phbkhh H.2., SanonBcnafl B.H. flaBneaae odpyueHHHX nopon Ha pynnuÄ uaccHB. - 'TopHiifl aypHan", 1952, »3. 207. Phbkhh H.2., 3anonBCKafl B.n. Onirr peiueHaa 3ana^ ynpaBne- Hiia ropHHU naBneHneu ueTonou uonenapoBaHHa. Cd. BHHUH, "MeTannypra3naT", 1962. 208. PoKnscTBeHCKHÄ A.B., HeöOTapeB A.H. CTaTHCTH^ecKae iieTonu b ranponoraa. JI., "ranpoMeTeoa3naT", 1974. 209. Po3aHOB 10. A. CnyqaiÍHHe npoaeccu. M., "Hayna", 1971.

G19 210. P030BCKUÜ I.B . BBeaeHwe b ïeopaio reonomqecKoro noaoówH h MOítenupoBaHHfl (npiäMeHSHMe npapoAHHX aHanoroB m Konuqe- cTBeiiHHX KpMTepHQB noaodiiH b reonorMH). M., "Heapa",1969. E li. PowaH8HKO A.$>., CepreeB P.A. Bonpocu iipHKJiaaHoro aHajiM3a CJiyqaÜHHX npoueccoB. M., ”Cobgtckos paawo", 1968. 212. PoMaHöHico A.$., CepreeB r.A. AnnpoKCMMaTHBHue Meioati aaa- jiH3a cJiyyaÄHHX npoijeccoB. M., "3Hepriifl", 1974. 213. PysHHUKMfi H.fl. ¡í pac'ieTy ocason ÈyH^aMeHTOB Ha pHxnttx ne- cnax. - "OcHOBaHiiH, (pyHaaueHïu a wexaHHKa rpyHTOB", 1968, É2. 214. PyaHHUKuü H.fl. UeaipotíescHoe MoaeJiapoBaHwe ocaaoK nec^aHO- ro ocHOBaHMH acecTicoft $yHaaMeHTHOü itjihth c yqeTou oÓiómho- ro Beca. - "OcHOBaHMH, çyHflaMeHTH h MexaHHKa rpyHTOB", 1972, lèi. 215. CöopHHK: "ycToü'íMBOcTB nopoaHbix uacc h ocyuieHHe KapLepoB" KiieB, "TexHHKa", 1968. 216. CBeuiHMKOB A.A. FIpuKJiasHHe MeTOflH Teopmi cnyqafiimx $yHK- UmA. M., "Hayna", 1968. 217. CBeuiHMKOB A.A. Ochobu TeopHH ouimöok. JI., M3fl. AeHMHrp. yH-'ia, 1972. 218. CeaoB H.H. Mei'oau nosodn« h pa3uepnocïM b uexaHMKe. M., "rocïexM3aaT", 1957. 219. CeflOB j , h. MeTo^u noaodMfl h pa3MepnocTefi b uexaHMKe. H3S. 7-oe. M., "Hayna", 1972. 220. Cmmphob M.n. MccJieflOBaHHe npn^MH aeipopuauMä ochobhoA nno- ma^KM 3öu3iHHoro noJioTHa. - "ïpyau JIilMïïa", 1954, Ban. II6, M., "TpaHCKenaopH32iaT". 221. CHhII II-B. 1-62. Ochobhhmh 3flaHH0 ii coopyseHMA. Hoputi npoeKTiipOBaHMfl. rocdpoA CCCP. M., "CTpoAn3aaT", 1964. 222. Cokojiob B.H. UeHTpH$yrM. M., "MauicTpoiÎH3Æa?", 1950.

G20 223. CoKOJiOB B.H. COBpeueHHue npoiiuiuaeHHue neHTpa$yra. M., "MauiCTpoÄH3aaT", 1967. 224. Cokojiob B.n. K Bonpocy yneia aaHauaneckux Harpy30K oi no- ÄBHKHoro cocTaBa npa pac^eTe ycTofinuBOCTa 3eunnHoro nono- m a. - "ïpyau HMITa", 1955, Bun. XII, Id., "TpaHcaenaop- H3aaT". 225. CnpaBO'iHMK HHäteHepa-nyTefina. noa peaaanaefi BecnajioBa B.B. a HepHuueBa M.A. t. I, M., "TpaHcnopT", 1972. 226. Teopafl noaodan a uoaenapoBaHae. M., Cd. AH CCCP. 227. TanoBue nonepe^Hue npo$aaa daanacTHOfi npa3MU. Anadou. M., "TpaHcnopT", 1970. 228. TaxoHOB A.H. a CauapcKaü A.A. ypaBHeHHH uaa?euaTaqecKoö $h3hkh. M., Toc. a3a. TexHaKO-Teop. aaT-pu, 1953. 229. TKçweHKO A.A. i{nacca$aKauaa dojioT a ocaaaa Hacunefi Ha do- jioTax. B od: "Bonpocu coopyxeHaa a aKcnnyaianaa Hacunefi Ha dojioTax”. - "Tpyau Kouaieia no 3euJiHH0uy nonoiHy". M., "ïpaücnopT", 1965. 230. Tpeaep r. Teopan rpaBaTauaa a npaHnan SKBHBaneHTHoesa. M., nAT0MH3aaT", 1973. 231. TpeneijKaH M.H. K Bonpocy cy$$03a0HH0fi ycioitauBOCTH 3aco- neHHux ranco** rpyHTOB b raapoiexHaqecKou cipoaienBCTBe. - "Tpyau BHMH BOOTO" 1957, M., "roccTpofia3aaTn. 232. Tpyau yil MesayHapoaHoro Koñrpecca no MexaHaue rpyHTOB a $yHaaMeHTOCTpoeHHK>, t. 2, Mexano, 1969. 233. TydojitneB B.M., üaenBuiTöfiH H.H. HccJieaoBaaae yciofl^HBOCTa ocHOBaHafi CKJiaaoB cunynax uaTepaanoB. B cd: Bonpocu reo- TexHHKH, 1974, k23, flHenponeipoBCK, a3a. ÄHHTa. 234. TypOBCKaa A.fl., XocTuroBa A.B. MccaeaoBaHae aa uoaejiHX bjihhhhh apeHasefi Ha ycToitaaBOCTB uoKpux jiöccobux buomok. B cd: Bonpocu reoïexHHKH, 1970, iü7, ZUienponeipoBCK, asa.

G21 MT a. 235. TypOBCKan A.H., SadMUKaa C.C., KocTuroBa A.B. OseHíca yc- TOfitJHBOCTH nOBepXHOCTHOrO CBOH CKJIOHOB npa HapyuieHHH CTpyKiypu rpyHTa u ero nepeyBnaKHeHUM. B cö: Bonpocu re- OTexHMKM, 1974, i¿23, ßHenponeTpoBCK, n3S- JHKTa. 236. yeiíOB A.H. JIorw'iecKiie ochobh MeTosa MoseaHpoBaHMfl. M., " "Mhcäb", 1871. 237. yKa3aHMH no npoexinpoBaHMio 3eMHHHoro nosoTHa Kejie3HHX h aBiouoömiBHHX sopor. CH 449-72. M., "CTpoaHSsaT", 1973. 238. yKa3aHHH no TexnoJiornn B03BeseHHH Hacunefl sejie3Hux n aB- TOMOÓMJIBHHX SOpOT H8 ÖOEOTaX H yCTpOÄCTBy nOCTpoe^HHX sopor. BCH 134-66. M.» "OpripaHCCipoß", 1967. 239. yCTOfi'ÍHBOCTB OTKOCOB H 0n0JI3HeBHX CKEOHOB. B CÔÎ "BonpO- CH reoTexHHKH, 1967, K?I0, M., "TpaHcnopT". 240. yuiKanoBa M.H. fle$opMam«i nëccoBux rpyHTOB b OTKOcax sne- uOK. B cd: BonpocH reoTexHWKn, 1965, M?9* jHenponeTpoBCK, M3S. ÄHHTa. 241. yuncanoBa M.tf. fle^opuamíid otkocob rnydOKHX äöccobhx bhö- mok. B cd: Bonpocu reoTexHMKH, 1968, N¡>12, jHenponeTpoBCK, M3S. ÄHHTa. 242. OesopoB M.C. HccsesoBamie pacnpesenemiH HanpaaeHHÄ b rpy- HT6 n ocasoK $yHsaudHTOB npn nouomn uoseseB. - "XypHan TexHH'iecKoii $H3hkm", 1935, t . y, Bun. 6. 243. QesopOB M.C. HccsesOBaHue se$opMauwfi b ocHOBaHnnx Ha mo- senflx. - "KypHan TexHtmecKoß ^mshkh'1, 1936, t. yi, Bun.5. 244. iesopoB M.C. WccnesoBaHne pacnpesexeHUH HanpaaceHHÄ b oc- HOBaHMM h saBneHUfl rpyHTa Ha BepTHuajiBHHö ctohkh nxtoTHHu CeHKOBa npa iiomoihh uoseseü. - "lypHas TexHinecKOÄ $h3hkh", 1936, t. yi, Bun. 6. 245. $esopoB H.C. OnpeseseHMe ocasKM coopyaeHnfl Ha Mosenax npu

G22 nouoiuii ueHTpMçym. - "Hoboctm TexHunn", 1936, te50. 246. $eaopoB H.C. OnpeaejiôHwe ripa iiomoiuh u6HTpHyrM TaHreHUM- antHux m HopuanBHux HanpaaeHiili ot rpyHia Ha noBepxHOCTü uoasneü Tpyüu. - "MypHaJi tgxhm'igchoîî $m3hkm", 1936, T. y i, Bun. 10. 247. $>eaopoB H.C. UeHTpoöencHaa uauiHHa ana iricnHTaHna rpyHTOB m coopyKôHHii. - "Hobocth tsxhmkm" , 1936. 248. $eaopoB H.c. HccnaaoBaHwe ocasnia 3aBoacKnx aiiMOBHX ipyô Ha üoaejiflx npM nouomii ueHTpn$yrii. -"XypHaJi tôxhh^gckoë $h314KUm, 1938. T. yill, Bun. 8. 249. $©aopoB H.C. jleHcTBHe B3ptiBa 3 .B. Ha mapoTexHimecKHe coopyaceHHH. - "rwapOTexHiUiecKoe ctpomtsjibctbo", 1948,M . 280. QeaopoB H.C. iJoaeJiMpoBaHiie npo^Hocm rpyHTOB npw BuuuBa- HHM BoaopacTBOpHuux conett. CÓ. BHHH BOSrEO, M., "Toc- CTpoüii3aaT", 1957. 261. ^eaopOB H.C. OnpeaeneHMé Ha ueHTpwiyre ycToü. ^McaeHHue h rpa$wyecKne ueïoaH npunnaa- HO0 uaTeiiaTHKH. CnpaBo^iHiiK. Khgb. "HayKOBa ayiina", 1970. 253. XaüiCMH C.3. Ciijiii nHepuHH h HeBecoMOCTB. M., "Hayna",1967. 254. XafiKiiH C.ü. 'i>M3wyecKiie ochobu »¿examina. M., "Hayna",1971. 255. XaJiöuaii p.JI. /{HHauuna. Hep. c aHrn. a ., "Hayna", 1972. 256. XeuuMHr p.B. 4ncJieHnue ueioau. Hep. c aHrn. ÎJS., "Hayna" 1972. 257. XecHH r.JI. IIpiiueHeHue $OToynpyrocTn h 3JienTpoTeH30ueTpH- pOBaHwa npH wccJieaoBaHMH HanpaaeHMii b rwapoTexHHaecnHX coopyaeHMHX. H3Bect na bhcuiôh uikojih, "CTp-BO w apxuTenTy- pa", 1558, ¡¿3. 25*-. XeciiH r.JI., AajieuoB io.B. HccJieaoBaHue Ha uoaenax Hanpa- G23 æeHHoro coctohhhh iijiothhh Ha tpôxcjioühom pa3HOMoayjiBHOM ocHOBaHHM. - "ïpyau MUCH", 1961, Btin. 35. 259. XecHH r.Ü., CaBOCTBHHOB B.H. m iiy3BMHHa H.H. BJiüHHne Tpe- uiHH000pa30BaHMH Ha HanpaaceHHoe coctohhh© rpaBMTaunOHHnx njiOTHH c yuiHpeHHHMii üiBBMH• - "Tpyau MMCM”, 1962, Bun. 40, M.-JI., "roc3Hepron3flaT". 260. XecHH r.JI., CaBOCTBHHOB B.H. MoaeJiüpOBaHHe HanpHXSHHoro coctohhhh rpBBMTauMOHHHX iiJioTHH b ycHOBMHX nosiaiiHoro BO- 3B6Ä6HMH. - "îpyau IùMCH", 1962, Jb40, M., 'TocaHeproHsaaT'.' 261. UBeJioayó B.H. h ^epHaBCKMÜ B.n. TexHu^ecKüß nporpecc b oônacTH coopyKCHHH 3eujiHHoro nonoTHa aene3Hux sopor. M., "OprTpaHCCTpofi", 1972. 262. Un$poBaH BtjyMCJiuTejiBiiafl MauiHHa "Map-I", icHiira 16, Maieua- TK^acKoe odecneyeHwe. 263. Uh t o b h ^ H.A., SapeuKHß lu .K. h ap. nporH03 CKopocm oeaaoK o c h o b b h h M coopyKeHHÖ. M., "CTpoMH3aaTu, 1967. 264. yaBtiaHna3e B.B., TeHBuaH O.fl. MoaenupOBaHH© b HayKe m t©- XHHK6. M., "SHaHne", 1966. 265. ^epKacoB M.M. MexaHMyecKH© cBoficTBa rpyHTOBiix ocHOBaHHfl. M., "ABïOTpaHCM37iaT", 1958. 266. HepKacoB H.H., IilBapeB B.B. Havana rpyHTOBeaeHHH Jlyaa. M., "Hayna", 1971. 267. qepKacoB M.H., MwxeeB B.B. a ap. BJiHAHae chjih thkocth Ha kexaHM^ecKwe cBoUcTBa rpyHtob• - "OcHOBaHMH, $yHaaueHTti m U6X8HHKa rpyHTOB1', 1970, Ibi. 268. ^epTOB A .r. MeaayHapoaHan cacTOMa eaaHau H3MepeHHH. M., "PocBy3ii3aaT", 1963. 269. ^hkhkob n.r. MccneaoBanwe Hecymeü cnocoóHOCTH cBafi Ha ueHTpaÈyre. - "Tpyan UHHHC", I960, bhii. 38, M., "TpaHc- ÄenaopHsaaT”.

G24 270. ÌHEUKOB n.r. 33BMCHU0CTM HCESy Haj?py3KaMH M OCaSKaMH UO- senBHoro w Haa’ypHoro $yHaaMeHTOB. - "TpaHcnopTHoe CTpoii- TenBCTBo", 1962, fe6 . 271. Mhehkob n.r. HccnesoBaHKe 3übhcwmoct60 Measy napaueTpaMK "$yHaaueHT - rpyHT". ABTopeöepaT sHccepxamiH Ha cowcica- HUG y^eHOß CTeneHH k .t .h ., H3S* unirne, M., 1962. 272. ^hkhkob n .r . Hecymaa cnocodtiocTB w ocasica nec^aHax ocho- BaHwM o^yHaaMGHTOB Kpyrjioro ceqeHWH. - "TpaHcnopiHoe CTpo- MTeJIBC'i'BO”, 1962, tèb. 273. 4m m k o b n.r. MccaesoBaHue nponHOCTH h ocasoK nec'iaHHX ocHOBaHHÜ. - "ïpysH UHIlMCa", 1963, bhii. 4 7 , M., TpaHC- Kensopn3saT", 274. naEHKOB n .r., flKOBseBa T .r . OcHOBHue npeanocHJiKH Mosesu- poBaHiifl ocasoK Hacuneß. - "TpysH MUMTa", 1965, bhii. 20, M., "ïpaHcnopT". 275. ìhehkob n.r. UccneaoBaHHfl HscymeM cnocodHOCTH ocHOBaHwfi m $yHäaM6HT0B mydOKoro 3anoEeHHfl. M., "TpaHcnopT", 1971. 276. nnEHKOB lü.M. Teopufl nosoduH h MOflejiwpoBaHHe npoueccoB odpaòOTKH MeTajinoB aaBJieHneiì. M., "MeiajinyprHH", 1970. 277. DlarHHflH C .T. WccsesoBaHiie ceßcMocToßKOCTH KpynHodnoqHHX SOuob Ha uoaeJiflx. M., was* Jim. no CTp-By, 1967. 278. UiasyHU ii.Il!. iC pacneïy KOHTp$opCHHX coopyEeHnfi. B cd: Bo- npocu rsoïeXHHKM, 1962, ii?5, H3s. HMHTa. 279. IllasyHU K.Ili. 3Kcii8pnueHïajiBHHe MccsesoBaHMfl se$opMaunß Hacuneß. B cd: Bonpocn reoTexunKn, 1965, N?9, M3s. ßMMTa. 280. UlaxyHHHu r.M. 0 MexosiiKe npoeKTiipoBaHHH ueponpMHXHÄ no ciadnUHsauiiii 3eMJiHHoro nojioiHa. - "ïexHMKa acese3HHX so­ por", 1944, Id 2 . 281. UlaxyHflHU r.M. ycTpoßcxBO HceJie3HosopoacHoro nyTM, t . 3, M., "TpaHCEensopu3saT", 1944.

G25 282. ÜlaxyHHHU r.M. 3eMJiHHoe nonoTHO. U., "TpaHCKenflopn3flaT", 1948. 283. lüaxyHHHU r.M. IlyTB m nyieBoe xoshKctbo. M., " T paH cácenlo p- H3aaT", 1949. 284. ÜlaxyHHHU r.M. Cobp@m6Hhh6 TpedOBaHWH k 3eu3iflHOuy nojioxHy jseJie3HBix flopor. B kh: nnpoeKTnpoBaHMe h B03BeaeHne 3eujw- Horo nojioïHa aceji83HHX h aBTOMOdnUBHHX sopor", M., H3s. AH CCCP, 1950. 285. lüaxyHHHU r.M. 3euJiHHoe nonoTHO aceJie3HHX sopor. M., "TpaHC- KeJisopn3saT", 1953. 286. ÜlaxyHHHU r.M. IeJie3H0S0p0KHuM nyTB. M., "TpaHcacenaopi*3- Saï", 1981. 287. ülaxyHHHU r.M. PacueT ycToüUMBOCTH cksohob m otkocob npo- THB CK03IBK6HHH riopos* Maiepuajin coBemaHiiH no Bonpocau H3yneHHH onos3Heii a uep dopBdu c huuii. KneB, H3s. Khobc- Koro yHMBepcMTQïa, 1964. 288. ülaxyHHHU r.M. Be3ocaaouHHe KenesHosopoacHire HacHna. ülec- TO0 MexayHapoaHtiii KOHrpecc no uexaHHKe rpyHTOB m $yasa- U6HT0CTp06H14K). MOHpoaSB, 1965. 289. ÜlaxyHHHU T.M. HQ3HaaeHH0 pacuexHiix xapaKTopucTiiK rpyHTOB . - "ïpysn MMHTa", 1968, Bun. 273, M., "ïpaHcnopT". 290. ÜlaxyHHHU r.M. ïeJie3noaopoÂHHÂ nyTB. M., "TpaHcnopi", 1969. 291. lüaxyHHHU r.M. Cnocodu onpeseaeHHH pacaexHux xapaKTepacTMK rpyHTOB. - "Tpysu MMHTa", 1972, Btin. 357, M., "TpaacnopT". 292. ÜlaxyHHHU r.M ., HKOBSeBa T.T. yueT saHaniauecKax B03seflCT- BMfi nosBHKHoro cocïaBa npa pacaexe ycTottaaBOCTB otkocob Kene3HoaopoacHux Hacuneii. - "TpysH MMMTa", 1973, Bun. 443, M., M3£. MMMTa. 293. ülaxyHHHU r.M ., HKOBJieBa T .r. Cnocod yueTa saHaMaaecKax

G26 BoaaelàcïBHÂ noaBa&Horo cocTaBa upa pac^eie ycT0fi<íHB0CTa 38U3iHHoro nonoTHa (nacuneü). - "TpaHcnopTiioe CTpOHTenbCT- BO", 1973, tell. 294. UlaxyHflHu r.M. CïaTwcîM^ecKMe oijôhhh pac^eTHiix napaiieTpoB rpyHTOB. -"Tpyan C0103ÄOPHMH", 1974, BHn. 74, M. 293. UleHiC X. Teopaa HHsceHepHoro ancnepaueHTa. nep. c aHra. M., "Map", 1972.

296. IIItcxM1 B.A. MoaeaapoBaHae h $hhoco$hh. M.-JI., "Hayna",1966. 297. lHepûMHa B.H. ilpuMeHeHiie ueHTpa$yra ripa aecaeAOBaHHHx bo3 -

moâhoctm noflBJieHaa TpeaaH b aapax naoTHH. - "Tpyaw raapo- npoeKTa", 1973, Bwn. 32, M., a3A. raaponpoenT. 298. üflrGHCOH JI.C. MoaeaapoBaHae. M., "CoBeicnaa Hayna", 1952. 299. HBOpcnaü B.M., H,e'raa$ A.A. CnpaBoqHan no $a3ane ana hh&g-

HepoB a CTyaeHTOB By30b • M., "Hayna", 1964. 300. HnoBJieBa E.A. PeacaMti $an£Tpauaa a BaaaHae ax Ha ycTOÂqa- BOCTB iioHmshhux Hacmie0. CooôaeHae te!20 UHHHC. M., h3â. UHHHC, 1958. 301. flnoBJieBa E.A. OcaaKa bhobb nocTpo@HHUx Keae3Hoaopo*HBix Hacnneß. B cd: CoopyacsHae 3euJiaHoro nonoiaa ateae3Hofl ao- pora HoBony3HQiixi-AüanaH-ïalâuieT. - "Tpyan KotâaTeTa no 3eu- aflHOMy noaoTHy", 1970, Btin. 9, M., "TpaHcnopx"• 302. HnoBaeBa T.T., Mbhhob H.H. MauiaHa ana ueHTpodeacHoro uoae- napOBaHaa, ee napaueipu a xapanxepacTana. - "Tpyan MHHTa", 1963, BHn. 177, M., "TpaHCKeJiaopa3aai". 303. flnoBneBa T.T. OnpeaeneHae ocaaon aeae3Hoaopo3KHnx HacsneU.

H3a. UHHTH, cepaa "nyTt a nyxeBoe xo3hüctbo", 1965, bhïï. 17, ivi.

304. finoBneBa T.T., Mb8hob ZI.H. UeHTpodsiHoe uoaeaapoBaHae Ha cjiysde y nyxeüueB. - "nyxt a nyxeBoe xo3höctbo", 1965, telO.

G27 305. HKOBJisBa T .r. MccJieflOBaHiie bo3mqskhocth MOflenMpoBaHna ci’pOMxejiBHoro liepwofla npn B03Be^eHnn aceJie3HOflopoHHux Hacunaü. - "Tpyflu MMMTa", 1968, bhii. 273, M., "TpaHC- nopï". 306. flKOBJieBa T.r. MccJieflOBaHiie ocaflOK bhcokmx Kene3HOflopoi- HHX h a c bin e ii npn pa3 JinnH0 ii cTeneHii Ha^aJiBHoro ynjioTHeHwn rpyHTa nyxeu MOfleJiwpoBaHHH Ha ueHTpodeacHoii uauinHe. - "TpyflH MMMTa", 1968, BHn. 273, M., “TpaHcnopT". 307. HkoBJI6Ba T.r. AeiiiOpuMpyeMOCTB topqíhhhx ocHOBaHMÜ 2¡cene3- II o sop o kü hx HacHrieü. - "TpyflH MMMTa", 1970, BHn. 326, M., "TpancnopT". 308. flKOBJieBa T .r. npHueHeHMe ueHTpooeacHoro MOfleJiupoBaHMH ajih MccfleflOBanHH B03L10HHHX ocafloic HacHneü. Có. "CoopyseHHe 3 euJiHHoro noJioTHa üt8Jie3H0Ü flopora HoBOKy3HeuK-AdaKaH- -TaiiiiieT", - "TpyflH KoMiixeTa no 3euJiHH0My nojiOTHy", 1970, BHn. 9, M., "TpancnopT". 309. flKOBJieBa T.r. BeflnnnHa noABeimi ripw dojiBuiwx ynpymx KOJie- ÓaiiMHX HacHiisM na dojiOTax. - "Ily tb n nyTeBoe xo3hMctbo", Í97I, &8. 310. flKOBJieBa T .r. Bndop napaMeTpOB fljih uenTpodeanioro uofleJin- poBaüiíifl fliinaiíunecKoro BOSfleücTBiiH noeaflHoíí Harpy3Kn Ha seuJiHiioe nonoTHO. - "TpyflH MMMTa", 1972, Bun. 357, M., "TpaHcnopï". 311. flKOBJieBa T .r. Maynemie flecftopMupyeuocTW M.fl. HacHneíi Ha T o pipa h hx ocho Bannax u ü T o flou neiiTpodeacnoro uofleJiHposaHWH. B cd: CxponïejiBCïBo Ha topthhhx rpyHxax. tfanMHHH. M3flaHwe KIM, 1972. 312. flKOBJieBa T.r., MüaiiOB fl.M. MccJieflOBanne ynpyrnx KOJiedaHMM Hacbineifi na oojioxax. - "TpyflH MMMTa", 1972, Bun. 383, M., U3fl. MMMTa.

G28 313. flKOBJieBa T.F. MoaeJiiipoBaHwe cxaxMnecKoro B03aeßcxBHH no- e3Äüoü Harpy3icu npw nccneflOBaHMi ocaaoïc 3eujiHHoro nojiOTHa w ero ocüOBatiHH. - "Tpyati MM HT a", 1972, Bun. 357, M., "ïpaHcnopx". 314. flKOBJieBa T .r. MccJieaoBaHiie ae$opMMpyeMOCTM Top^HHux ocho- BâHwii HacuneU MexoaoM ueHTpoöeÄHoro MoaeJiwpoBaHMfl. Cô. Cok)3/10PHHM, 1973, M65, M3«. Cok)3J],0PHMM . 315. flKOBJieBa T .r. BKcnepMMeHxajiBHaa oueHKa HeKOiopnx npoeiii- Hux peuieHMÜ no 3euJiHH0My nojioxHy Ha dojioxax. - "Tpyan MHHTa", 1973, blüi. 443, M., H3fl. MHMTa. 316. flKOBJieBa T.F. m ap. UeHxpodeKuoe MoaeanpoBaHiie ochob8hhìì coopy&emiß. Tpyan k y ill MeatayHapoaHOMy KOHrpeccy no ue- xaHHKe rpyHTOB m ^yHaaiaeHiocxpoeHwio. Tji. ceccufl, II, M., "Cipoßn3aax", 1973. 317. flKOBJieBa T .r. Ü3y

G29 1975 322. flítOBJieBa T.r. OcHOBHue npeanocunKH MOflenapoBaHiiH ocajiOK Hacanefi. - "Tpyau MMHTa", 1965, Bun. 210, U., "TpaHcnopT". 323. flKOBJieBa T .r. y*ieT ahh atinja ckhx B03aeßcTBHß noziBHïHoro co- cTaBa npw pacneTe ycToßnoocTH otkocob KeJie3HoaopoKHHX Ha- cuneü. - "TpyxH MHHTa", 1973, Bun. 443., H3j. MHMTa. 324. flKOBJieBa T .r. Cnocoó y^ieia ÄMHauimecKHX B03aeßcTBnfi nojBu- KHoro cocTaBa npa pac^eie ycToñ^MBocTH seunaHoro nonoTHa UacHneß). - "TpaHcnopTHoe CTpoKTenBCTBO”, 1973, tell. 325. flpomeHKO 3 .A. 0 MoaejMpoBaHHH ocaaoK $yHaaueHTOB Ha necMa- HHX ocHOBaHHHX. - "TpyflH MMMTa", 1959, Bun. 100, M., "TpaHC*enaopH3flaT". 326. TOOT 20522-75. 'TpyHTH. MeToau cTaTHCTimecKofi oÓpaóoTKH p63yHBT8T0B onpeaeneHHß xapaKïepucTHK". 327. ryceB B.B. Pac^eTHHe cxeuH TpemiiHOBaTHX ck87ibhux otkocob. B có: "BonpocH reoTexHHKH", 1967, telO, M., "TpaHcnopT". 328. Kohdimh r.r. MccaeaoBaHHe KOJieöaHHß rpyHTa b OTKoeax Hacu- neß. - "BecTHHK BHHHITa", 1974, te6. 329. 0 ciaaaapTe 'TpyHTH. MeToa cTaTHCTimecKoß odpadoTKM pe3y- JIBT3T0B onpeaeJieHHß xapaKiepHCTHK". - "EiojnieTeHB cTpoiíTe- jibHOM tsxhhkh" , 1975, te9. 330. Xapp M.E. Ochobh TeopeTiwecKoß u6X8hhkh rpyHTOB. Ilep. c aHTJi. M., M3Â. JiMTepaTypH no cTpoHTenBCTBy, 1971. 331. XpouoB B.H. IIpHueHeHHe ueiofla yrxoBux tohsk npu oueHKe Ha- npaKCHHoro coctohhmh 3euHHHoro nonoTHa ot noe3aHofi Harpy3- KH. - "BecTHHK BHMMITa", 1973, te5. 332. Uhtobh^ H.A. MexaHHKa rpyHTOB. U., "BHcmaa lUKOJia", 1973. 333. lllyJiBra B.fl. C$epu pauaoHajiBHoro npHMeHôHHH nyiH Ha xeJieao- Ó6T0HHHX ÖJIOKaX H ypOBSHB 3arpy3KH JByXnyTHHX hhhhU. - "Tpyau MHHTa", 1967, BHn. 249, AS., "TpaHcnopT". 334. Thtob B .n., Kohibhh T.T., XpouoB B.H. BepTHKanBHHe ynpyrae

G30 In accordance with letter from DAEN-RDC, DAEN-ASI dated 22 July 1977, Subject: Facsimile Catalog Cards for Laboratory Technical Publications, a facsimile catalog card in Library of Congress MARC format is reproduced below.

Gilbert, Paul A. Geotechnical centrifuges observed in the Soviet Union, 6-29 September 1979 / by Paul A. Gilbert (Geotechnical Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station). -- Vicksburg, Miss. : The Station ; Springfield, Va. ; available from NTIS, 1982. 69 p. in various pagings : ill. ; 27 cm. -- (Miscellaneous paper ; GL-82-8) Cover title. "August 1982." Final report. "Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army under Civil Works Work Unit 31173, Task 30." Bibliography: p. 20.

1. Centrifuges--Russia. 2. Soil mechanics--Russia. 3. Soils--Testing. I. United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Office of the Chief of Engineers. II. U.S.

Gilbert, Paul A. Geotechnical centrifuges observed in the Soviet : ... 1982. (Card 2)

Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Geotechnical Laboratory. III. Title IV. Series: Miscellaneous paper (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station) ; GL-82-8. TA7.W34m no.GL-82-8