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Okręty Wojenne Nr Dwumiesięcznik W NUMERZE Vol. XVIII, Nr 1/2011 (105) ISSN-1231-014X, Indeks 386138 Redaktor naczelny Jarosław Malinowski Z życia flot 2 Kolegium redakcyjne Rafał Ciechanowski, Michał Jarczyk, Maciej S. Sobański Współpracownicy w kraju Michał Norbert Faszcza Andrzej S. Bartelski, Jan Bartelski, 4 Navigare necesse est... Bitwa Rzymian Stanisław Biela, Jarosław Cichy, z Galami w zatoce Quiberon w 56 r. p.n.e. Andrzej Danilewicz, Józef Wiesław Dyskant, Maciej K. Franz, Przemysław Federowicz, Michał Glock, Tadeusz Górski, Krzysztof Hanuszek, Rafał Mariusz Kaczmarek, Nikołaj W. Mitiuckow Jerzy Lewandowski, Oskar Myszor, 8 Andrzej Nitka, Piotr Nykiel, Pierwsze pancerniki Brazylii Grzegorz Nowak, Grzegorz Ochmiński, Jarosław Palasek, Jan Radziemski, Marek Supłat, Tomasz Walczyk, Kazimierz Zygadło Aleksandr Mitrofanov 19 Współpracownicy zagraniczni Rosyjskie lodołamacze, część I BELGIA Leo van Ginderen CZECHY Ota Janeček FRANCJA Zvonimir Freivogel Gérard Garier, Jean Guiglini, Pierre Hervieux Stawiacze min Królewskiej Marynarki 29 HISZPANIA Wojennej Jugosławii Alejandro Anca Alamillo LITWA Aleksandr Mitrofanov NIEMCY Siergiej Patjanin Richard Dybko, Hartmut Ehlers, 38 Jürgen Eichardt, Christoph Fatz, Niszczyciele typu „Tribal”, część II Zvonimir Freivogel, Reinhard Kramer ROSJA Siergiej A. Bałakin, Nikołaj W. Mitiuckow, Konstantin B. Strelbickij Jarosław Jastrzębski STANY ZJEDNOCZONE. A.P. Amerykański rajd lotniczy na Tokio 49 Arthur D. Baker III 18 kwietnia 1942 roku UKRAINA Anatolij N. Odajnik, Władimir P. Zabłockij WŁOCHY Klaus Fischer, Jarosław Cichy, Maurizio Brescia, Achille Rastelli Michał Jarczyk 60 Operacja „Drosselfang”, część II Adres redakcji Wydawnictwo „Okręty Wojenne” Krzywoustego 16, 42-605 Tarnowskie Góry Polska/Poland tel: +48 32 384-48-61 www.okretywojenne.pl e-mail: [email protected] Jarosław Palasek Amerykańskie lotniskowce 70 Skład, druk i oprawa: typu „Forrestal”, część I DRUKPOL sp. j. Kochanowskiego 27, 42-600 Tarnowskie Góry tel. 032 285 40 35, www.drukujemy.pl Maciej S. Sobański 76 © by Wydawnictwo „Okręty Wojenne” 2011 „Dziesięciotysięczniki”. Drobnicowce Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone. All rights reserved. motorowe typu B54 i B454, część I Przedruk i kopiowanie jedynie za zgodą wydawnictwa. Redakcja zastrzega sobie prawo skracania i adjustacji tekstów. Materiałów nie zamówionych nie zwracamy. Oskar Myszor Redakcja nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za treść 87 publikowanych artykułów, które prezentują Eksportowy szlagier Mao Zedonga. wyłącznie opinie i punkt widzenia ich autorów. Chińskie patrolowce typu 062 Nakład: 1500 egz. Janusz Janik Na okład ce: 97 Rozminowywanie Kadet Rinne Polski trałowiec bazowy Bizon projektu 254M. Fot. Janusz Uklejewski Z życia flot Podane parametry taktyczno-techniczne patrolowca są następujące: wypor- ność 1760 ton, pełna długość 80,60 m, szerokość 13 m, prędkość maksymalna 25 węzłów, zasięg 12 000 Mm/12 węzłów, załoga 50 ludzi. Uzbrojenie ma skła- dać się z działa 40 mm oraz 6 wkm-ów kal. 12,7 mm. ROSJA Zakup „Mistrali” Rosja zapłaci za 2 francuskie okręty desantowe typu Mistral 1,37 mld Euro. Udział rosyjskich producentów w ich wytwarzaniu wyniesie 20-40%. Przetarg na dostawę okrętów desantowych dla WMF został ogłoszony 26 października 2010. Od początku była w nim faworyzowana oferta francu- skiej DCNS (Direction des Constructions Navales). 24 grudnia źródła francu- Fregata Aconit w doku. Fot. DCN. skie i rosyjskie podały, że zakończone zostały rozmowy na temat dostaw 4 okrę- tów desantowych Mistral. Dziś pojawiły się w rosyjskich mediach nieoficjalne FRANCJA informacje o warunkach kontraktu. Pierwsze 2 zamówione Mistrale mają zo- Koszty serwisowania stać wyprodukowane przez DCNS z udziałem kooperantów rosyjskich. Pierw- 2,5 mln Euro rocznie będzie kosztować francuskich podatników serwisowa- szy okręt ma kosztować 720 mln Euro, a drugi 650 mln Euro. Udział produ- nie jednej fregaty typu La Fayette. Stocznia DCNS podpisała dzisiaj umowę w tej centów rosyjskich w budowie pierwszego Mistrala ma wynosić 20%, w drugim sprawie. Przedstawiciele DCNS poinformowali, że porozumienie dotyczy ser- ma wzrosnąć do 40%. Między innymi ten czynnik ma wpłynąć na zmniejszenie wisowania wszystkich 5 okrętów w latach 2011-2015. Ogólna wartość kontrak- ceny. Nie podano, ile będą kosztować 2 desantowce, które mają zostać zbudowa- tu przewyższa 60 mln Euro. Umowa wejdzie w życie wiosną, kiedy planowany ne na licencji DCNS w stoczniach rosyjskich. wcześniej remont rozpocznie Surcouf. Według źródeł francuskich, pierwsze Mistrale mają zostać dostarczone w la- W celu realizacji zamówienia stocznia stworzyła stały zespół remontowy, którego tach 2013 i 2014. Rosyjskie stocznie powinny zaś opanować technologie budo- jedynym zadaniem będzie obsługa techniczna fregat. Na czas bezpośrednich prac, wy tych okrętów do 2016. Jeszcze nie zdecydowano, w której konkretnie stocz- grupa ta będzie wzmacniania pracownikami innych działów. DCNS przygotowa- ni miałyby być budowane Mistrale. Brane są pod uwagę co najmniej 3 stocznie, ła na rzecz programu jeden suchy dok oraz odpowiednie miejsce dla dodatkowej w tym Admirałtiejskije Wierfi należące do OSK (Obiediniennaja Sudrostroitiel- naja Korporacja) – faworyt rozgrywki. INDIE „Deepak” w służbie W dniu 21 stycznia b.r. został ostatecznie wcielony do służby uniwersalny okręt zaopatrzeniowy Deepak (A 50), zbudowany we włoskiej stoczni Fincantieri w Muggiano. Warto dodać, że w budowie znajduje się druga jednostka tego typu o nazwie Shakti. Dane taktyczno-techniczne: wyporność pełna 27 500 t, długość 175 m, szerokość 25 mm, moc siłowni dieslow- skiej 149 600 KM (110 000 (kW), prędkość maksymalna 20 węzłów, zasięg 12 000 MM/15 węzłach. Uzbrojenie obronne składa się z czterech działek AK-230 kal. 30 mm, pochodzących zapewne ze starych wycofanych jednostek. Hangar i obszerne lądowisko dla śmigłowców pozwala Zaopatrzeniowiec Deepak, jeszcze bez zamontowanych działek kal. 30 mm. Fot. Fincantieri na operowanie maszyn o masie do 10 ton. Choć źródła związane z negocjacjami podają, że udało się znacznie obni- KOLUMBIA żyć cenę kupowanych okrętów w stosunku do pierwotnych planów, to faktycz- Budowa OPV-80 nie jest ona znacznie wyższa od podawanych wcześniej wartości (4 Mistrale za Stocznia Cotecmar buduje pierwszy patrolowiec typu Fassmer OPV-80. Jest 2 mld Euro). Dotąd szacowano, że jeden Mistral będzie kosztować 400-600 mln on identyczny z chilijskim typem Piloto Pardo, będzie jednak posiadał teleskopo- Euro. W mediach rosyjskich pojawiły się więc podejrzenia korupcji przy zawie- wy hangar oraz śmigłowiec Bell 412. Na razie planuje się budowę tylko jednej raniu kontraktu. Mówi się nawet, że ostateczna cena może być jeszcze wyższa. jednostki tego typu, budowa drugiej będzie Możliwe jednak, że kilkaset dodatkowych milionów Euro to cena za transfer technologii – jeden z pierwszych w takiej skali między dostawcą uzbrojenia z Za- Chilijski patrolowiec Piloto Pardo, identycznie ma wyglądać jednostka chodu a Rosją. kolumbijska. Fot. via Altair USA Dwaj zwycięzcy Przedstawiciele US Navy poinformowali o wyborze obu konkurujących przedsiębiorstw – Lockheed Martina i Austal USA – jako dostawców fregat kla- sy Littoral Combat Ship. W ten sposób potwierdziły się październikowe donie- sienia o powrocie do pierwotnych planów US Navy. Dzięki nim marynarka wo- jenna będzie otrzymywać okręty w szybszym tempie, niż przy wyborze jednego dostawcy. Zminimalizuje również ewentualne skutki opóźnień budowy okrętów. Decyzja komisji przetargowej odzwierciedla podobne oceny obu konstrukcji, wyposażonych w identyczne systemy walki i spełniające podobne wymogi, doty- czące np. charakterystyk morskich. 2 Nr 105 (1/2011) • OKRĘTY WOJENNE Z życia flot Trwają intensywne prace remontowe przy atomowym krążowniku rakietowym Admirał Nachimow (eks-Kalinin), który wiosną ma roz- począć próby odbiorcze. Fot. Internet Próby nadzorował dowódca Zaporiżżia, kpt 1. ran- gi Denis Kołczan. Wzięli w nich udział specjaliści stoczni, CKB Cziernomoriec i załoga okrętu. W czasie prób dziób okrętu był zablokowany w specjalnym urządzeniu. Pozwalało ono bezpieczne uruchomienie silników, przebadanie wałów, łożysk i śrub napędowych. Próby przedłużyły się z powodu pożaru, który wybuchł w jednym z przedziałów pod koniec grudnia. Jego skutki, a także wykryte drobne usterki mają zostać usunięte w ciągu 2 tygodni. Według zapisów podpisanych umów, zarówno Lockheed Martin, jak i wystę- Drugi etap prób portowych ma objąć systemy uzbrojenia, nawigacji i wypo- pująca samodzielnie Austal USA, otrzymały zamówienia na zbudowanie po 10 sażenie radiotechniczne. Ma on zakończyć się do 15 lutego. Potem mają się roz- okrętów do 2015 włącznie. General Dynamics – do niedawna lider konkuren- począć próby morskie. Te zaś, zgodnie z poleceniem ministra obrony Ukrainy, cyjnej wobec Lockhhed Martina grupy przemysłowej – zdecydował się występo- Michaiła Jeżiela, muszą zakończyć się najpóźniej 31 maja 2011. wać jako poddostawca Austala, dla zachowania możliwości występowania swo- ich stoczni w przetargach na budowę kolejnych okrętów. Łączna wartość 20 zbudowanych fregat wyniesie ok. 7,14 mld USD, z czego 3,62 dla Lockheed Martina i prawie 3,52 dla Austal USA. Podpisane niedawno kontrakty dotyczą jednak bezpośrednio finansowania budowy tylko po jednym okręcie, z budżetu na 2010 (436,9 mln dla Lockheed Martina i 432,1 mln USD dla Austala). Kolejne 18 jednostek będzie budowanych na podstawie umów, zawieranych w każdym z następnych lat, z sum, wydziela- nych z budżetów Pentagonu do 2015 włącznie. Okręt podwodny Zaporiżżie w końcowym stadium remontu. Fot. MW Ukrainy Zaporiżżie
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