DOCSLIB.ORG

Competition of a Nectar-Robbing Bumble Bee with a Legitimate Forager and Its Consequences for Female Reproductive Success of Fuchsia Magellanica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Competition of a Nectar-Robbing Bumble Bee with a Legitimate Forager and Its Consequences for Female Reproductive Success of Fuchsia Magellanica University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-09-14 Competition of a nectar-robbing bumble bee with a legitimate forager and its consequences for female reproductive success of Fuchsia magellanica Rosenberger, Nick Martin Rosenberger, N. M. (2018). Competition of a nectar-robbing bumble bee with a legitimate forager and its consequences for female reproductive success of Fuchsia magellanica (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/33042 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/108689 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Competition of a nectar-robbing bumble bee with a legitimate forager and its consequences for female reproductive success of Fuchsia magellanica by Nick Martin Rosenberger A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2018 © Nick Martin Rosenberger 2018 Abstract In pollination systems, competition can cause floral visitors to adopt behaviors at high densities that may antagonize floral reproduction. I evaluated the density-dependence of nectar robbing by a short-tongued bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, and its consequences for both competition with an effective pollinator, Bombus dahlbomii, and female reproduction by the shrub Fuchsia magellanica. Daily sampling documented an abrupt, density-dependent transition from no robbing to almost exclusive robbing by B. terrestris. Robbing facilitated flower visitation by B. terrestris while aggravating its competition with B. dahlbomii. Nectar depletion and flower damage caused by robbing reduced pollen receipt by F. magellanica flowers, depressed pollen- tube success and reduced fruit quantity and quality. This research demonstrates that by modifying floral conditions to suit their foraging needs nectar robbers can gain a competitive advantage over effective pollinators, possibly promoting their long-term decline, while also compromising reproduction by the affected plant species. Keywords: competition, mutualism, pollination, nectar robbing, antagonism, density- dependence, invasive species. ii Preface This thesis is original, unpublished, independent work by the author, N. Rosenberger. iii Acknowledgements This thesis was made possible by so many people from different aspects of both my personal and professional life, and to all involved I am eternally grateful. I would like to thank my co-advisers Lawrence Harder and Marcelo Aizen. To Lawrence I am grateful for his endless patience and thoughtful guidance throughout this long scientific process. He has made me both a more critical scientist but opened a broader world by helping me become a process-oriented ecologist. To Marcelo I am eternally grateful for his willingness and enthusiasm to help me pursue a dream project and for his kindness, support and excellent mentorship over our years of working together. I would also like to thank my committee members Ralph Cartar and John Post for their conversations and helpful feedback in the analytical and conceptual direction of the project. I thank my funding sources, National Geographic and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada for supporting my field work and lab work respectively. I would like to thank my fellow members of the Harder Lab, Lauren Sawich, Ilona Clocher and Colby Regal for their companionship and friendship through the graduate school process. I also thank my Argentine colleagues Agustín Sáez, Carolina Morales, Marina Strelin and Marina Arbetman for their kind support and friendship during my time in Argentina. In particular, Agustin and Carolina helped tremendously during the early phases of the project helping with study design and deal with logistics in the field and laboratory. I also thank Mora Ibánez Molina for her invaluable aid in the laboratory and sorting out methods for sample processing. I thank Rachel Dickson for her wonderful help and friendship in the field, and for enthusiastically embracing the hard work of such a rigorous long study. I also thank Sara Saez iv for her help in the field at the beginning of the project. I thank the ranger in Puerto Blest, Sol Hourmilougue for her logistical support and generosity to ensure the success of this project. Furthermore, I thank Carlos Mayud for his friendship and for the many dinners he cooked in the Estación Biológica, and for making sure I had not died in the field when I was out late into the evening during a thunder storm. I thank my fellow students, Jessica Hopson, Kyle Wilson, Will Murphy, Emily Cribb, Analisa Lazaro-Cote, Dan Wuitchik, Sara Smith and Danielle Clake for their friendship and continuous support. I especially would like to thank Louise Hahn for looking out for me during my time in graduate school and for her friendship. I would also like to thank my undergraduate mentors Daniel Pletscher and Frank Rosenzweig for their continued support of my research and scientific career beyond my undergraduate career. I thank my parents Dana and Dave Joslyn, and Ed Rosenberger and Kate Catillaz for their love, always standing by my decision to pursue research and wholeheartedly supporting me in pursing my dreams. Finally, I thank my grandparents Lon and Zoe Richardson for their love, support and shining role in my life. v Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ii Preface ............................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables .................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures and Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix Chapter 1. Interactions in Pollination Systems ...............................................................1 1.1 Multiple outcomes of direct and indirect species interactions .............................1 1.2 Pollinator-pollinator interactions ...........................................................................2 1.3 Consequences for plant-pollinator mutualisms ....................................................3 1.4 Objectives .................................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 – Density-dependent nectar robbing and consequences for competition between two bumble bee species ..............................................................................6 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................6 2.2 Methods .....................................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Study species and site. .....................................................................................9 2.2.2 Plant surveys. .................................................................................................10 2.2.3 Data analysis. .................................................................................................12 2.3 Results .....................................................................................................................15 2.3.1 Dynamics of flowering, bee visitation and the incidence of robbed flowers. ..........................................................................................................................15 2.3.2 Bee abundance. ..............................................................................................17 2.3.3 Incidence of robbed flowers. .........................................................................18 2.3.4 Flower visits. ..................................................................................................19 2.3.5 Flower visit behavior. ....................................................................................20 2.4 Discussion ...............................................................................................................21 2.4.1 Density-dependent interactions. ...................................................................23 2.4.2 Nectar robbing. ..............................................................................................24 2.4.3 Implications for nectar robbing invasion. ...................................................25 Chapter 3 – Quantitative and qualitative effects of nectar robbing on female reproductive success of Fuchsia magellanica .......................................................44 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................44
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health
    EN65CH11_Cameron ARjats.cls December 18, 2019 20:52 Annual Review of Entomology Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health Sydney A. Cameron1,∗ and Ben M. Sadd2 1Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; email: [email protected] 2School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020. 65:209–32 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on Bombus, pollinator, status, decline, conservation, neonicotinoids, pathogens October 14, 2019 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract ento.annualreviews.org Bumble bees (Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approx- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011118- imately 260 wild species native to all biogeographic regions except sub- 111847 Saharan Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. As they are vitally important in Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. natural ecosystems and to agricultural food production globally, the increase Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020.65:209-232. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org All rights reserved in reports of declining distribution and abundance over the past decade ∗ Corresponding author has led to an explosion of interest in bumble bee population decline. We Access provided by University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign on 02/11/20. For personal use only. summarize data on the threat status of wild bumble bee species across bio- geographic regions, underscoring regions lacking assessment data. Focusing on data-rich studies, we also synthesize recent research on potential causes of population declines. There is evidence that habitat loss, changing climate, pathogen transmission, invasion of nonnative species, and pesticides, oper- ating individually and in combination, negatively impact bumble bee health, and that effects may depend on species and locality.
    [Show full text]
  • Colias Ponteni 47 Years of Investigation, Thought and Speculations Over a Butterfly
    Insectifera VOLUME 11 • YEAR 2019 2019 YEAR • SPECIAL ISSUE Colias ponteni 47 years of investigation, thought and speculations over a butterfly INSECTIFERA • YEAR 2019 • VOLUME 11 Insectifera December 2019, Volume 11 Special Issue Editor Pavel Bína & Göran Sjöberg Sjöberg, G. 2019. Colias ponteni Wallengren, 1860. 47 years of investigation, thought and speculations over a butterfly. Insectifera, Vol. 11: 3–100. Contents 4 Summary 4 My own reflections 5 The background to the first Swedish scientific sailing round the world, 1851–1853 16 Extreme sex patches – androconia and antennae 20 Colias ponteni in the collection of BMNH. Where do they come from? Who have collected them and where and when? 22 Two new Colias ponténi and a pupa! 24 Hawaii or Port Famine? Which locality is most likely to be an objective assessment? 25 Colias ponteni - a sensitive "primitive species". Is it extinct? 26 Cause of likely extinction 28 IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) isotope investigations 29 What more can suggest that Samuel Pontén's butterflies really were taken in Hawaii? 30 Can Port Famine or the surrounding areas be the right place for Colias ponteni? 34 Collection on Oahu 37 Is there more that suggests that Samuel Pontén found his Colias butterflies during this excursion on Oahu near Honolulu? 38 The background to my studies 39 Is there something that argues against Port Famine as a collection site for Colias ponteni? 39 Is it likely that the butterflies exist or may have been on Mt Tarn just south of Port Famine on the Strait of Magellan? 41
    [Show full text]
  • Bumblebee Conservator
    Volume 2, Issue 1: First Half 2014 Bumblebee Conservator Newsletter of the BumbleBee Specialist Group In this issue From the Chair From the Chair 1 A very happy and productive 2014 to everyone! We start this year having seen From the Editor 1 enormously encouraging progress in 2013. Our different regions have started from BBSG Executive Committee 2 very different positions, in terms of established knowledge of their bee faunas Regional Coordinators 2 as well as in terms of resources available, but members in all regions are actively moving forward. In Europe and North America, which have been fortunate to Bumblebee Specialist have the most specialists over the last century, we are achieving the first species Group Report 2013 3 assessments. Mesoamerica and South America are also very close, despite the huge Bumblebees in the News 9 areas to survey and the much less well known species. In Asia, with far more species, many of them poorly known, remarkably rapid progress is being made in sorting Research 13 out what is present and in building the crucial keys and distribution maps. In some Conservation News 20 regions there are very few people to tackle the task, sometimes in situations that Bibliography 21 make progress challenging and slow – their enthusiasm is especially appreciated! At this stage, broad discussion of problems and of the solutions developed from your experience will be especially important. This will direct the best assessments for focusing the future of bumblebee conservation. From the Editor Welcome to the second issue of the Bumblebee Conservator, the official newsletter of the Bumblebee Specialist Group.
    [Show full text]
  • PETITION to LIST the Rusty Patched Bumble Bee Bombus Affinis
    PETITION TO LIST The rusty patched bumble bee Bombus affinis (Cresson), 1863 AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Female Bombus affinis foraging on Dalea purpurea at Pheasant Branch Conservancy, Wisconsin, 2012, Photo © Christy Stewart Submitted by The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Prepared by Sarina Jepsen, Elaine Evans, Robbin Thorp, Rich Hatfield, and Scott Hoffman Black January 31, 2013 1 The Honorable Ken Salazar Secretary of the Interior Office of the Secretary Department of the Interior 18th and C Street N.W. Washington D.C., 20240 Dear Mr. Salazar: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation hereby formally petitions to list the rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis) as an endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14(a), which grants interested parties the right to petition for issue of a rule from the Secretary of the Interior. Bumble bees are iconic pollinators that contribute to our food security and the healthy functioning of our ecosystems. The rusty patched bumble bee was historically common from the Upper Midwest to the eastern seaboard, but in recent years it has been lost from more than three quarters of its historic range and its relative abundance has declined by ninety-five percent. Existing regulations are inadequate to protect this species from disease and other threats. We are aware that this petition sets in motion a specific process placing definite response requirements on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and very specific time constraints upon those responses.
    [Show full text]
  • FORTY YEARS of CHANGE in SOUTHWESTERN BEE ASSEMBLAGES Catherine Cumberland University of New Mexico - Main Campus
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Biology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Summer 7-15-2019 FORTY YEARS OF CHANGE IN SOUTHWESTERN BEE ASSEMBLAGES Catherine Cumberland University of New Mexico - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Cumberland, Catherine. "FORTY YEARS OF CHANGE IN SOUTHWESTERN BEE ASSEMBLAGES." (2019). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/321 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Catherine Cumberland Candidate Biology Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Kenneth Whitney, Ph.D., Chairperson Scott Collins, Ph.D. Paula Klientjes-Neff, Ph.D. Diane Marshall, Ph.D. Kelly Miller, Ph.D. i FORTY YEARS OF CHANGE IN SOUTHWESTERN BEE ASSEMBLAGES by CATHERINE CUMBERLAND B.A., Biology, Sonoma State University 2005 B.A., Environmental Studies, Sonoma State University 2005 M.S., Ecology, Colorado State University 2014 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy BIOLOGY The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2019 ii FORTY YEARS OF CHANGE IN SOUTHWESTERN BEE ASSEMBLAGES by CATHERINE CUMBERLAND B.A., Biology B.A., Environmental Studies M.S., Ecology Ph.D., Biology ABSTRACT Changes in a regional bee assemblage were investigated by repeating a 1970s study from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Flower Visitation Frequency and Generalism of Pollinators In
    Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBOJBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4074The Linnean Society of London, 2005? 2005 147? 399416 Original Article POLLINATOR PATTERNS IN TEMPERATE RAIN FORESTS OF CHILE C. SMITH-RAMÍREZ ET AL. Diversity, flower visitation frequency and generalism of pollinators in temperate rain forests of Chiloé Island, Chile C. SMITH-RAMÍREZ1,2*, P. MARTINEZ2, M. NUÑEZ2, C. GONZÁLEZ3 and J. J. ARMESTO1,2 1Dpto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile 2Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago Chile 3Departamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile Species richness and taxonomic composition of pollinator assemblages are documented for 26 plant species from tem- perate rain forests of northern Chiloé Island, southern Chile (42∞30¢S). We investigated the patterns of generalism and specialization among plants and animal pollinators by comparing the flower visit frequency by different pollen vectors during the spring and summer months of three consecutive years (2000–2002). Species studied exhibited a range of floral morphologies (radial vs. zygomorphic, open vs. tubular) and rewards (nectar and/or pollen). Overall, we recorded 172 pollinator species, with an average of 6.6 species of pollen vectors/plant species. Pollinators visited an average of 15.2 plant species/pollen vector. Pollinator assemblages were dominated by Coleoptera (75 species), Diptera (56 species) and Hymenoptera (30 species), but passerine birds and hummingbirds were also important. The most specialized plants were vines, including the bee-pollinated genus Luzuriaga (Philesiaceae) and two endemic species of hummingbird-pollinated Gesneriaceae. Hymenoptera contributed 41.2% of all visits, with the bumblebee Bombus dalhbomii accounting for 22.5% of these.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Pollinators and Pollination Relevant to the Conservation And
    CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/SBSTTA/22/INF/21 22 June 2018 ENGLISH ONLY SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Twenty-second meeting Montreal, Canada, 2-7 July 2018 Item 11 of the provisional agenda* REVIEW OF POLLINATORS AND POLLINATION RELEVANT TO THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN ALL ECOSYSTEMS, BEYOND THEIR ROLE IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION Note by the Executive Secretary** I. INTRODUCTION 1. The present report is presented in response to decision XIII/15, paragraph 11, in which the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity requested the Executive Secretary, subject to the availability of resources, in partnership with relevant organizations and indigenous peoples and local communities, to compile and summarize information on pollinators and pollination relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in all ecosystems, beyond their role in agriculture and food production for consideration by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice at a meeting held prior to the fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties. 2. The Assessment on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production1 of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) used literature available until July 2015. Since this point in time, a considerable amount of new literature has been made available. A workshop convened from 27-29 November 2017 in collaboration with IPBES, the University of Reading, and the Convention on Biological Diversity brought together regional experts on pollinators to discuss and assess the role of pollinators and pollination services in supporting ecosystems beyond agricultural systems and in supporting ecosystem services beyond food production.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an Invasive Species in Argentina Benoît Geslin, Carolina L
    New records reveal rapid geographic expansion of Bombus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an invasive species in Argentina Benoît Geslin, Carolina L. Morales To cite this version: Benoît Geslin, Carolina L. Morales. New records reveal rapid geographic expansion of Bombus ter- restris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an invasive species in Argentina. Check List, Luís Felipe Toledo, 2015, 11, pp.1620 - 1620. 10.15560/11.3.1620. hal-01704177 HAL Id: hal-01704177 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01704177 Submitted on 8 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 11 3 1620 the journal of biodiversity data April 2015 Check List NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 11(3): 1620, April 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1620 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors New records reveal rapid geographic expansion of Bombus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an invasive species in Argentina Benoît Geslin1* and Carolina L. Morales2 1 Universidad Nacional del Río Negro – CONICET, Rio Negro, Argentina 2 Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue – CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] Abstract: Bombus terrestris Linnaeus is an invasive Bombus terrestris in particular is a suitable species for bumblebee in Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health
    EN65CH11_Cameron ARjats.cls December 6, 2019 23:29 Annual Review of Entomology Global Trends in Bumble Bee Health Sydney A. Cameron1,∗ and Ben M. Sadd2 1Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; email: [email protected] 2School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020. 65:209–32 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on Bombus, pollinator, status, decline, conservation, neonicotinoids, pathogens October 14, 2019 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract ento.annualreviews.org Bumble bees (Bombus) are unusually important pollinators, with approx- https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011118- imately 260 wild species native to all biogeographic regions except sub- 111847 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2020.65. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Saharan Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. As they are vitally important in Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. Access provided by Illinois State University on 01/03/20. For personal use only. natural ecosystems and to agricultural food production globally, the increase All rights reserved in reports of declining distribution and abundance over the past decade ∗ Corresponding author has led to an explosion of interest in bumble bee population decline. We summarize data on the threat status of wild bumble bee species across bio- geographic regions, underscoring regions lacking assessment data. Focusing on data-rich studies, we also synthesize recent research on potential causes of population declines. There is evidence that habitat loss, changing climate, pathogen transmission, invasion of nonnative species, and pesticides, oper- ating individually and in combination, negatively impact bumble bee health, and that effects may depend on species and locality.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocolo De Restauración De Corredores Biológicos Para Polinizadores
    Protocolo de restauración de corredores biológicos para polinizadores Protocolo de restauración de corredores biológicos para polinizadores Elaborado por: Joceline Rose y Sabine Müller-Using Instituto Forestal, Chile Publicado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura y el Ministerio de Agricultura de Chile Referencia requerida: Rose, J. y Müller-Using, S. 2021. Protocolo de restauración de corredores biológicos para polinizadores. Santiago de Chile, FAO y MINAGRI. https://doi. org/10.4060/cb0870es Las denominaciones empleadas en este producto informativo y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican, por parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) o el Ministerio de Agricultura de Chile (MINAGRI), juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica o nivel de desarrollo de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. La mención de empresas o productos de fabricantes en particular, estén o no patentados, no implica que la FAO o MINAGRI los apruebe o recomiende de preferencia a otros de naturaleza similar que no se mencionan. Las opiniones expresadas en este producto informativo son las de su(s) autor(es), y no reflejan necesariamente los puntos de vista o políticas de la FAO o MINAGRI. ISBN 978-92-5-133276-4 [FAO] © FAO y MINAGRI, 2021 Algunos derechos reservados. Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Organizaciones intergubernamentales.; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ igo/deed.es_ES). De acuerdo con las condiciones de la licencia, se permite copiar, redistribuir y adaptar la obra para fines no comerciales, siempre que se cite correctamente, como se indica a continuación.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Report of the Bumblebee Specialist Group
    Bumblebee Specialist Group Report 2020 Edited by Paul Williams (Co-Chair, UK) and Sarina Jepsen (Co-Chair, USA) BBSG IN 2020 The BBSG exists to foster the conservation of bumblebees and their habitats around the world. In this eighth report of the BBSG’s activities, 2020 has been an unusual year complicated by the pandemic. But despite the difficulties, there has been progress towards our goal of evaluating the extinction risk of all ca 265 species of bumblebees worldwide using the IUCN Red List Criteria. bumblebeespecialistgroup.org 1 THE BBSG AND THE NEW WILD BEE SPECIALIST GROUP (WBSG) IN 2021 Paul Williams The BBSG is commissioned by the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), with responsibilities centred around the Red List assessment of all bumblebees world-wide (ca 265 species). It has been running for two IUCN quadrennia (eight years) and has completed the first assessments for most of the species of the New World and Europe. These assessments have greatly advanced conservation action by focusing on these species, allowing the most imperiled species to be listed on national, state, and local lists, with resulting projects on restoring and managing their habitats. However, Asia, with many more species and fewer specialists, remains more of a challenge, although surveys to map species distributions are now under way in the larger countries, which are compiling growing data bases of information on their bumblebees. During 2020 a growing need was recognised by the SSC for providing information on threats and conservation for all wild bees (ca 20,000 species), not just bumblebees. The SSC proposed for its Species Strategic Plan Framework for the next quadrennium that it would commission a more inclusive Wild Bee Specialist Group (WBSG), to cover all bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Along Urbanization Sprawl, Exotic Plants Distort Native Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Assemblages in High Elevation Andes Ecosystem
    Along urbanization sprawl, exotic plants distort native bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) assemblages in high elevation Andes ecosystem Patricia Henríquez-Piskulich1, Alejandro Vera2, Gino Sandoval3 and Cristian Villagra1 1 Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile 2 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile 3 Departamento de Historia y Geografía, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile ABSTRACT Native bees contribute a considerable portion of pollination services for endemic as well as introduced plant species. Their decline has been attributed to several human-derived influences including global warming as well as the reduction, alteration, and loss of bees’ habitat. With human expansion comes along the introduction of exotic plant species with negative impacts over native ecosystems. Anthropic effects may even have a deeper impact on communities adapted to extreme environments, such as high elevation habitats, where abiotic stressors alone are a natural limitation to biodiversity. Among these effects, the introduction of exotic plants and urbanization may have a greater influence on native communities. In this work, we explored such problems, studying the relationship between the landscape and its effect over richness and abundance of native bees from the subandean belt in the Andes mountain chain. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of exotic plant abundance on this high-altitude bee assemblage. Despite the Submitted 23 August 2018 landscape not showing an effect over bee richness and abundance, exotic plants did Accepted 11 October 2018 fi fl Published 7 November 2018 have a signi cant in uence over the native bee assemblage.
    [Show full text]