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Maintaining Elevators and Escalators in the Transit Environment, Part 1

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Maintaining Elevators and Escalators in the Transit Environment, Part 1 Focus on Escalators and Moving Walks Maintaining Elevators and Escalators in the Transit Environment, Part 1 by Tim Eason These systems are a combination Learning Objectives of heavy- and light-rail trains, as well After reading this article, you as bus and para-transit equipment. should have learned: ♦ The equipment used in U.S. transit Trains and buses are often thought to systems is subjected to far greater be their most critical and important usage than any equipment found pieces of equipment. This is true to in any of the busiest high-rise office an extent, but the often-neglected ele- buildings and even most shop- vator and/or escalator takes the patron ping malls on the busiest holiday from the entry level of a system to its shopping period. track or bus-bay levels to gain access ♦ The standard escalator has its to those buses and trains. Then, the motor and brake at the top of the same equipment often transports the machine, while the modular esca- traveler to the desired floor at his or lator has a number of modules her destination. Some of it sees in extending along the incline, excess of 8,000 riders per day. Not depending upon the rise of the counted in this figure are the many escalator. pieces of internal and construction ♦ Having different vertical-trans- equipment elevators are often used portation equipment suppliers can to transport. foster competition, but there are Equipment Type and Design downsides to this practice. The elevators and escalators found ♦ Why many transit agencies defer in transit systems are subjected to far replacement or major repair of greater usage than any equipment elevators and escalators found in any of the busiest high-rise ♦ How exposure, usage and load- office buildings and even most shop- ing differ between transit sys- ping malls on the busiest holiday tems and commercial/office/ shopping period. In addition to this retail buildings high usage, these units are subjected to This article is part of ELEVATOR WORLD’s Continuing Education program. Elevator-industry strong environmental and non-envi- Mass transit found in many major personnel required to obtain continuing-education ronmental conditions rarely seen in metropolitan cities is an intermodal net- credits can receive one hour of credit by reading commercial applications. Most major work connecting bus, rail, automobile the article and completing the assessment exami- escalator manufacturers, both cur- and air modes. These modes can be in nation questions found on page 125. rent and no longer in business, are subway, elevated and at-grade forms. For this article and more continuing-education represented in these systems. Eleva- This transportation is critical for daily opportunities, visit www.elevatorbooks.com. tors produced by these manufacturers, commuting, and intercity and inter- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION as well as a longer list of medium- OF ELEVATOR CONTRACTORS ® national travel. These systems started Approved by NAEC sized and small elevator manufac- CERTIFIED ELEVATOR TECHNICIAN in the mid 1800s in New York City and EDUCATION PROGRAM turers, are also present. Boston, spreading throughout the The Westinghouse Modular 100 Approved by NAESA Northeast to Philadelphia and west International to Chicago. Later, in the mid to late escalator is one of the most prominent 1900s, systems were built in Washing- in many large transit systems in the U.S. For example, there are 121 of these Approved by QEI Services, Inc. ton, D.C., Atlanta, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Now, they can also be in the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Approved for States of AR, FL, found in other cities, such as Dallas, Transit Authority system (MARTA) in KY, PA, VA, WV Seattle, Baltimore and Miami. Atlanta, making up more than 81% of Continued 96 | WWW.ELEVATORWORLD.COM | December 2012 Focus on Escalators and Moving Walks Continued its 149 escalators. Approximately 50% while the Modular has a number of in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. of the escalators in the Bay Area Rapid modules extending along the incline, The sheer number of Westinghouse Transit system (BART) are Westing- depending on the height rise of the escalators in use has kept their parts’ house, and the Washington Metro- equipment, each module containing availability rather strong, and they politan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) a separate motor and brake. Escala- are still manufactured and stocked has 430 (73%) Westinghouse Modu- tors with a single module are used by both Schindler’s parts group and lar 100 units in its system, with more for short applications found mostly other industry-equipment suppliers. in the New York City Transit and Chi- at the interior mezzanine and track Still, maintenance for older elevators cago Transit Authority systems. Most levels, while the deeper station en- and escalators is very labor intensive, of these were installed in the early trances or elevated platforms typi- and, unfortunately, the pool of tech- 1970s through the mid to late 1980s. cally have between two and five nicians with experience maintaining Ann Scott Tyson of the Washington modules, and sometimes more. The those units is being lost as the older Post, quoting an industry consultant Modular also uses a unique step- mechanics are retiring from or other- indicating widespread dissatisfaction driving system comprised of a drive wise leaving the industry. In addition with the performance of the Westing- chain on each side of the escalator to these labor issues, parts support for house escalator, pointed out: with axles spanning between the the other three manufacturers has a “The Washington Metro may be the chains. This design is more com- rapidly dwindling availability through- world’s largest owner of an outmoded monly referred to as a rack-and-axle out the world, and it can take upward and problematic type of escalator, one system, or simply “the rack.” of six months to have parts manufac- that has had brake-failure accidents Each module, including its corre- tured, if they can be replicated at all. in other transit systems and is known sponding motors and brakes, must One of the main reasons is that there among experts for requiring a high be adjusted to share the load across are relatively few in our systems, and level of maintenance.” all modules to reduce uneven wear manufacturing special parts on such It is true that the Westinghouse of the motors, brakes and rack. This a small scale is very expensive, if not Modular can be problematic and is adjustment process is commonly re- cost prohibitive. This fact has caused maintenance intensive; however, we ferred to in the industry as “load many systems like WMATA and MARTA must also remember that it was the sharing.” Proper load sharing of the to begin planning for the replacement best-engineered and most cost- Westinghouse Modular is one of the of all their O&K and APV escalators. effective solution for the needs of many most critical maintenance issues with On the elevator front, Schindler also systems at the time (early 1970s- that design. I would venture to say that purchased Haughton Elevator. US 1980s). No standard escalator design few systems or the service companies Elevator and Dover Elevator were could meet the requirement for a single that maintain them have employed a purchased by ThyssenKrupp Elevator escalator to span rises in excess of mechanic proficient in performing a of Germany, and Armor Elevator was 65 ft. This is still a limitation with most proper load-share adjustment on purchased by KONE. These acquisi- escalators today. The unique design Westinghouse escalators with three tions, coupled with dwindling parts aspect of the modular escalator made or more drives. support and the lack of qualified service the Westinghouse model well suited In addition to the Westinghouse technicians, make the maintenance for the transit environment. Some units, many systems have older O&K, of existing elevators from these retired escalators in service span well over Montgomery and APV escalators, brands increasingly difficult. that 65-ft. mark, such as the unit in each of which has its own set of the CNN Center in Atlanta, but the unique design characteristics and main- escalators that are used in the transit tenance issues. In addition to the environment must be designed to much unique maintenance requirements of more stringent guidelines due to the this different equipment, another factor loading, usage and environmental that comes into play is that none of elements to which they are subjected these four companies is still in business. during revenue hours, which, in many In 1989, Westinghouse was pur- cases, is 20-plus hours per day, seven chased by Schindler of Switzerland. days a week. Schindler continued to manufacture As its name indicates, the Westing- and install the Westinghouse escalator house Modular has a unique design. and its Modular 250 variant through The standard escalator has its motor the 1990s in WMATA. KONE of Finland and brake at the top of the machine, acquired Montgomery, APV and O&K Escalator maintenance 98 | WWW.ELEVATORWORLD.COM | December 2012 Continuing Education Factors Affecting Equipment the transit authorities that responded, in our transit authorities is well over Condition the average authority had over five 40 years old, with minimal upgrade In addition to the design- and parts- different escalator manufacturers and or major component replacement. related issues that can affect techni- 10 different elevator manufacturers Transit systems are unique trans- cians’ ability to properly maintain in service in its system. portation networks and subjected to escalators, there are other external Educating and retaining mainte- environmental and operational con- issues that can steadily erode years nance personnel, along with a suffi- ditions that few other types of com- from equipments’ useful life. Eleva- cient parts inventory to ensure proper mercial equipment is routinely sub- tors and escalators are complex sys- operation of a diverse mixture of jected to.
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