Why Texas Longhorn Cattle? by Russell Hooks
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VII: Sire Types for Commercial Herds
E-191 7-03 VII: Sire Types for Commercial Herds for Beef Cattle Stephen P. Hammack* Choosing types of sires is one of the most important genetic deci- Producers who document and merchandise true genetic merit or, sions facing beef producers. particularly, retain ownership can be most flexible in choosing breed That choice depends on: types. Those who market through traditional methods are subject to biases and perceptions, often resulting in price differences that may Climatic and management conditions and number of production phases involved not be justified but are nevertheless real. These traditional producers can maximize production efficiency and avoid or minimize severe Breeding systems used price discounts by producing medium- to large-frame crossbred Breeds or types and individual performance levels calves of at least 1/4 British, no more than 1/2 Continental, no more Types of cows currently in the herd. than 1/4 Bos indicus and no more than 1/4 Dairy. For high-quality mar- Production conditions must be assessed accurately to avoid kets, higher percentages of British are desirable. For lean-beef mar- incompatibility caused by too much or too little genetic production kets, higher percentages of Continental are applicable. potential. For a discussion of two important genetic factors, see E- Some price difference exists even within the above ranges that: 188, “Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef Cattle—III: Body Varies over time as to the exact breed-type percentages Size and Milking Level.” Also, genetic considerations may not be the favored same for marketing at weaning as for retained ownership, especially Is usually small and short-term, compared to differences for when selling on a carcass grid. -
Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2012 Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Brian Thomas Campbell [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Brian Thomas, "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1277 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Brian Thomas Campbell entitled "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Animal Science. John C. Waller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: F. David Kirkpatrick, Gina M. Pighetti, Gary E. Bates, Cheryl J. Kojima Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Brian Thomas Campbell May 2012 I Abstract The overall goal of the studies described in this dissertation was to improve beef production of cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue either through management practices or through identifying markers for genetic selection. -
June 2019 Newsletter
Relationships Are a “I chose Santa Gertrudis cattle because I thought that’s what time, then sold at a local livestock sale in Unionville, Tennessee Fundamental Part cowboys ought to have,” Smith adds. “It’s more about the cattle “We’ve tried several ways to market the calves,” Warren says. culture for me but also that they are good cattle and take care of “We’ve put them in a cooperative, sent to a feedlot - it always de- themselves.” pends on the market. Typically, we sell a short time after wean- Ravenswood Farm’s cattle have always been Santa ing.” of the STAR 5 Gertrudis-influenced. They started with purebred Santa Gertrudis Warren adds that in the commercial beef cattle business, they but have moved to the crossbred STAR 5 cattle. Warren says the are trying to raise a calf that pushes the scale down as fast as it cattle from Corporron are gentle, raise a good calf and are good can, trying to get to a number as quickly as possible with the Stephen Smith (l) and Marty Warren (c), with Ravenswood Farm are Female Business milkers that haven’t had udder problems. least amount of expense. pictured with Jim Corporron at the San Antonio All Breed Bull and “We appreciate the Hereford-influence in the Santa Gertrudis Besides having growthy calves, Smith wants to have cattle Commercial Female Sale. Ravenswood Farm are repeat Star 5 fe- By Kelsey Pope, Freelance Writer, cattle for being gentle and raising good calves,” Warren says. that look good, too. males customers for the Corporron Family. -
Comparing SNP Panels and Statistical Methods for Estimating Genomic Breed Composition of Individual Animals in Ten Cattle Breeds
He et al. BMC Genetics (2018) 19:56 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-018-0654-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparing SNP panels and statistical methods for estimating genomic breed composition of individual animals in ten cattle breeds Jun He1,2†,YageGuo1,3†, Jiaqi Xu1,4, Hao Li1,5,AnnaFuller1, Richard G. Tait Jr1,Xiao-LinWu1,5* and Stewart Bauck1 Abstract Background: SNPs are informative to estimate genomic breed composition (GBC) of individual animals, but selected SNPs for this purpose were not made available in the commercial bovine SNP chips prior to the present study. The primary objective of the present study was to select five common SNP panels for estimating GBC of individual animals initially involving 10 cattle breeds (two dairy breeds and eight beef breeds). The performance of the five common SNP panels was evaluated based on admixture model and linear regression model, respectively. Finally, the downstream implication of GBC on genomic prediction accuracies was investigated and discussed in a Santa Gertrudis cattle population. Results: There were 15,708 common SNPs across five currently-available commercial bovine SNP chips. From this set, four subsets (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000 SNPs) were selected by maximizing average Euclidean distance (AED) of SNP allelic frequencies among the ten cattle breeds. For 198 animals presented as Akaushi, estimated GBC of the Akaushi breed (GBCA) based on the admixture model agreed very well among the five SNP panels, identifying 166 animals with GBCA = 1. Using the same SNP panels, the linear regression approach reported fewer animals with GBCA = 1. -
DOMESTIC CATTLE ARTIODACTYLA Family: Bovidae Genus: Bos Species: Taurus
DOMESTIC CATTLE ARTIODACTYLA Family: Bovidae Genus: Bos Species: taurus Range: world wide Habitat: open grass lands, rangelands Miniature Corriente Cattle Niche: terrestrial, diurnal, herbivorous Wild diet: grasses, stems Zoo diet: Life Span: 25 years Sexual dimorphism: M larger than F Location in SF Zoo: Family Farm in the Exploration Zone APPEARANCE & PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS: Cattle are large ungulates with cloven hooves; the hoof is split into two toes which are homologous to the third and fourth digits. Most breeds have horns, which vary in size among the breeds. Genetic selection has allowed polled (hornless) cattle to become widespread. Weight: ~ 1,660 lbs varies among breeds HRL: Domestic cows have no upper incisors, instead they have a thick SH: 49 – 52 in layer called the dental pad. The jaws are designed for the circular TL: grinding motion used to crush coarse vegetation. Cattle are ruminants or “cud chewers”, with four-chambered stomach and foregut fermentation by microbes; they are highly specialized to eat poorly digestible plants as food. These microbes are primarily responsible for decomposing the cellulose of the herbivorous diet. The microbes reproduce in the rumen, older generations die and their cells continue on through the digestive tract. These cells are then partially digested in the small intestines, allowing cattle to gain a high-quality protein source. Cattle are dichromatic and having two kinds of color receptors in their retinas, as are most other non-primate land mammals. STATUS & CONSERVATION Domestic cows are common and can be found throughout the world. A report from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) states that the livestock sector is "responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions". -
The Texas Longhorn the First Long-Horned Cattle Came to North America Between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries During
The Texas Longhorn The first long-horned cattle came to North America between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries during the Spanish explorations, expeditions and religious missions. When Anglo-American pioneers traveled west in the early nineteenth century, they brought domesticated English cattle with them. American Indians raided cattle from both the Spanish and Anglo-Americans and gradually developed their own hybrid strains of cattle. With many cattle escaping from the open ranges, Spanish, English and hybrid cattle interbred. By the 1830’s, thousands of wild cattle ranged from the Rio Grande to the Nueces River. Exposed to the elements and relentlessly hunted by American Indians and colonists, cattle adapted or perished. They were forced to survive in the blazing sun and freezing winter, through dust storms and swamps. They could subsist on a diet of weeds and brush and live for days without water. From their Spanish ancestors, they inherited large, sweeping horns with twists at the end that allowed them to ward off coyotes and wolves. Colonists called cattle of the brush “wild cattle,” “mustang cattle” or “Spanish cattle.” It was not until the end of the Civil War that some range men would refer to “Texas cattle” or “Texas Longhorns.” Early Texas cowboys rustled cattle from Mexican ranches and captured feral cattle from the brush country. They stocked Texas ranges with these animals or trailed them through the Louisiana swamps to markets in New Orleans. Although the animals varied in their degree of wildness, skilled raiders could drive them in herds. After two or three long days of running, then trotting, then walking, they could be managed almost like domestic cattle. -
Purebred Livestock Registry Associations
Purebred livestock registry associations W. Dennis Lamm1 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE no. 1.217 Beef Devon. Devon Cattle Assn., Inc., P.O. Box 628, Uvalde, TX 78801. Mrs. Cammille Hoyt, Sec. Phone: American. American Breed Assn., Inc., 306 512-278-2201. South Ave. A, Portales, NM 88130. Mrs. Jewell Dexter. American Dexter Cattle Assn., P.O. Jones, Sec. Phone: 505-356-8019. Box 56, Decorah, IA 52l01. Mrs. Daisy Moore, Amerifax. Amerifax Cattle Assn., Box 149, Exec. Sec. Phone: 319-736-5772, Hastings, NE 68901. John Quirk, Pres. Phone Friesian. Beef Friesian Society, 213 Livestock 402-463-5289. Exchange Bldg., Denver, CO 80216. Maurice W. Angus. American Angus Assn., 3201 Freder- Boney, Adm. Dir. Phone: 303-587-2252. ick Blvd., St. Joseph, MO 64501. Richard Spader, Galloway. American Galloway Breeders Assn., Exec. Vice. Pres. Phone: 816-233-3101. 302 Livestock Exchange Bldg., Denver, CO 80216. Ankina. Ankina Breeders, Inc., 5803 Oaks Rd,. Cecil Harmon, Pres. Phone: 303-534-0853. Clayton, OH 45315. James K. Davis, Ph.D., Pres. Galloway. Galloway Cattle Society of Amer- Phone: 513-837-4128. ica, RFD 1, Springville, IA 52336. Phone: 319- Barzona. Barzona Breeders Assn. of America, 854-7062. P.O. Box 631, Prescott, AZ 86320. Karen Halford, Gelbvieh. American Gelbvieh Assn., 5001 Na- Sec. Phone: 602-445-2290. tional Western Dr., Denver, CO 80218. Daryl W. Beefalo. American Beefalo Breeders, 1661 E. Loeppke, Exec. Dir. Phone: 303-296-9257. Brown Rd., Mayville 22, MI 48744. Phone: 517-843- Hays Convertor. Canadian Hays Convertor 6811. Assn., 6707 Elbow Dr. SW, Suite 509, Calgary, Beefmaster. -
II. Outbreeding and Hybrid Vigour
II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour • Outbreeding is the opposite of inbreeding, it is the mating of animals less closely related than the average relationship within the breed. • If two individuals do not have any ancestors in common for five or six generations back in their respective pedigrees, they are usually thought not being any more related than the average of the population Consequences of outbreeding 1. Outbreeding increases the number of pairs of heterozygous genes in the individual 2. Outbreeding tends to decrease breeding purity 3. Outbreeding tends to cover up detrimental recessive genes. 4. Phenotypically, outbreeding usually improves traits related to physical fitness (hybrid vigour). Hybrid vigour or heterosis • Heterosis, or hybrid vigour, is the name given to the increased vigour of the offspring over that of the parents when unrelated individuals are mated. • In 1914 Professor Shull proposed for the first time the word “heterosis ” • The best known example for hybrid vigour in animals is the mule (male ass and mare) • The reciprocal cross, called the hinney or jennet Types of heterosis • There are three main types of heterosis (Individual, Maternal, Paternal) 1) Individual (direct) heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of crossbred individual above the average of its parents. • It is affected by Individual’s gene that directly affects on its performance. • All traits have what is called a direct or individual component of heterosis • Examples (weaning weight, yearling weight and carcass traits) 2- Maternal Heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of the crossbred mother over the average of purebred mothers Example: I. -
Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur. -
Butler Breeder's Invitational 20Th Anniversary Sale
Schedule of Events BUTLER BREEDER’S INVITATIONAL 20TH ANNIVERSARY SALE Labor Day Weekend Saturday, September 2, 2017, 12:00 Noon 12:00 p.m. Pre-Sale Activities Cattle begin selling approximately 12:30 p.m. Lockhart Auction – Highway 183 S – Lockhart, Texas (28 miles south of Austin) Friday, September 1, 2017 12:00 Noon Cattle Viewing Saturday, September 2, 2017 8:00 a.m. Cattle Viewing 11:00 a.m. Lunch SALE HEADQUARTERS: SALE DAY PHONE: 325-473-1373 Lockhart Plum Creek Inn 512-398-4911 Auctioneer: Joel Lemley Best Western 512-620-0300 Pedigrees: Kaso Kety Additional hotel space conveniently Cattle Handler: Michael McLeod Located in Austin, Bastrop, Luling & San Marcos Ringmen: Wyman Poe Airports: Lockhart Municipal Airport Troy Robinett Bergstrom Airport – Austin Haulers: Cody James San Antonio International 903-695-2564 Home 903-519-4043 Cell LIVE WEBCAST & INTERNET BIDDING AVAILABLE LIVE WEBCAST begins with Pre-Sale Activities at 12:00 on SATURDAY www.CattleInMotion.com SPONSORED BY: Butler Breeder’s Invitational Sale To view the WEBCAST, go to www.CattleInMotion.com Butler Longhorn Museum Select BUTLER BREEDER’S INVITATIONAL from Upcoming Events. Falls Creek Ranch All viewers and bidders must create an account. Jane’s Land and Cattle Company OnLine Bidders must be pre-approved by September 1. Rio Vista Ranch/Rocking P Longhorns Follow instructions listed on the Cattle In Motion website. Phone Bids may be placed by calling the Sale Day Phone: 325-473-1373 Phone Bidding must be pre-approved by August 31, 2017 For Pre-approval, call: 325-668-3552 or 325-473-1373 – 1 – Consignors BPT Longhorns Kety/Sellers Partnership Potts/Rosenberger Stanley Cattle Co. -
ACE Appendix
CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA August 13, 2021 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes .................................................................................................................................................... 4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes ........................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ................................................................................................... 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes .......................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers ........................................................................ 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ............................................................................................................................. 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers ........................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure ...................................................................................................................................... 30 PG05 – Scientific Species Code ........................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes ........................................................................................................... -
Updated ILRIC Standards Version 17 100309.Indd
and Quality Assurance Certification Process 1 2 PARTICIPATING BREEDS PARTICIPATING BREEDS TM AngusAUSTRALIA Belmont Red Santa Gertrudis Braford Lincoln Red Maine Anjou Australian Nguni Breeders Charolais 13 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1 Livestock Category Standards 4 2 Livestock Quality Assurance Inspection Standards 6 Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specifi cation 7 Export Breeding Certifi cate Examples 8 Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process 10 3 Semen Standards 12 4 Embryo Standards 13 5 Individual Breed Specifi cations 14 Glossary of Terms 45 Contacts 49 2 4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Standards and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process of the standards that are detailed in this document are produced by the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency (ACGEA) a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Livestock Resources and Information Centre (ILRIC) on behalf of the European, British and Tropical breeds as detailed in the document. The Standards have been endorsed by relevant industry peak bodies including the Australian Registered Cattle Breeders Association (ARCBA), Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), the Australian Livestock Exporters Council (ALEC) and the Cattle Council of Australia (CCA). ILRIC also has as its members, 26 Australian Breed Associations. All breeding animals exported under The Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process will be individually inspected and certifi ed by accredited ILRIC Inspectors. The certifi cation process is comprehensive and thorough. Animal identifi cation and pedigree data will be individually verifi ed and certifi ed as correct and in all categories there will be individual animal inspections in accordance with the compliance standard for structural soundness within the Australian structural soundness quality assurance specifi cations.