DOCSLIB.ORG

June 2019 Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
June 2019 Newsletter Relationships Are a “I chose Santa Gertrudis cattle because I thought that’s what time, then sold at a local livestock sale in Unionville, Tennessee Fundamental Part cowboys ought to have,” Smith adds. “It’s more about the cattle “We’ve tried several ways to market the calves,” Warren says. culture for me but also that they are good cattle and take care of “We’ve put them in a cooperative, sent to a feedlot - it always de- themselves.” pends on the market. Typically, we sell a short time after wean- Ravenswood Farm’s cattle have always been Santa ing.” of the STAR 5 Gertrudis-influenced. They started with purebred Santa Gertrudis Warren adds that in the commercial beef cattle business, they but have moved to the crossbred STAR 5 cattle. Warren says the are trying to raise a calf that pushes the scale down as fast as it cattle from Corporron are gentle, raise a good calf and are good can, trying to get to a number as quickly as possible with the Stephen Smith (l) and Marty Warren (c), with Ravenswood Farm are Female Business milkers that haven’t had udder problems. least amount of expense. pictured with Jim Corporron at the San Antonio All Breed Bull and “We appreciate the Hereford-influence in the Santa Gertrudis Besides having growthy calves, Smith wants to have cattle Commercial Female Sale. Ravenswood Farm are repeat Star 5 fe- By Kelsey Pope, Freelance Writer, cattle for being gentle and raising good calves,” Warren says. that look good, too. males customers for the Corporron Family. Reprinted courtesy of Santa Gertrudis USA “Disposition is a big thing to us because Steve and I enjoy work- “Cattle in San Antonio are all fat and slick and look good, and ing them and handling them. If they are mean or try to run you that’s how we want our horses and our cattle,” Smith says. “We out of the pen, they are not a lot of fun, and that’s when we de- like the fat, slick, red ones with a white face. That’s the STAR 5 Santa Gertrudis cattle were largely chosen by Jim Corporron’s found that adding Hereford to our Santa Gertrudis cattle fit our cide to cull.” cattle from Mr. Corporron.” father-in-law for their self-sufficiency. Today, Corporron Acres, op- program,” Corporron adds. Warren grew up on a small farm and was hired by Smith 27 Since buying their first pen of STAR 5 pairs from Corporron, erated in south central Texas near Schulenburg, is still a believer They began advertising their cattle in local newspapers for a years ago to manage his horses and raise about eight to ten Warren and Smith have returned every year to buy his cattle. of Santa Gertrudis cattle with a long list of reasons to raise them. few years and then began marketing their cattle at consignment foals per year. He then took over as manager of cattle and “We buy a pen of five pairs at the San Antonio sale as our re- Jim Corporron’s family operation, Corporron Acres, is run with sales, such as the Bluebonnet Classic, Tri-Star Sale and the horses in 2000. placements,” Warren says. “We enjoy going to the sale and buy- his son Rodney’s herd, Pinnacle Cattle Co., LLC (formerly Dos Houston Livestock Show. For the last decade, they have also The Ravenswood Farm team runs approximately 60 females ing something that is better to improve our cowherd.” Bros Ranch), where they share genetics and resources. His consigned STAR 5 pairs annually to the San Antonio Livestock All that they crossbreed to Sim-Angus, Chi-Angus or straight Angus Corporron goes above and beyond customer service to estab- grandson also runs Pinnacle Whitetails, where he breeds and Breeds Bull and Commercial Female Sale. In 2015-2016, they because there is a better market in Tennessee for blackhided lish a relationship with his customers. He always sends a hand- raises Whitetail deer. earned Grand Champion Pen of Females paired with Angus calves. With these calves, they will typically sell some heifers pri- written letter with a nice token of appreciation and makes In addition to the self-sufficiency attributes that got the family calves, competing against 500 other crossbred animals. vate treaty or keep the females and breed to a low-birthweight follow-up calls to be sure Smith and Warren are satisfied. into the breed, Corporron has found many attributes in Santa It was at this San Antonio sale where Steve Smith and Marty bull to sell as bred females. “That’s another reason why we continue to keep buying cattle Gertrudis cattle to keep them involved in the breed. Warren, Revenswood Farm, Brentwood, Tennessee, discovered “We try to keep our cattle uniform with the STAR 5 red-and- from Mr. Corporron,” Smith says. “Number one, they are really “They are excellent for crossbreeding, heat tolerance and hy- Corporron and his quality females. white-faced females, so we don’t keep any replacements since good cattle, and number two, he goes above and beyond to en- brid vigor, to name a few,” he says. “We were introduced to Jim at the San Antonio sale, and we we are breeding to black bulls,” Warren says. “We keep heifers, sure that we are happy with the cattle and he appreciates the Corporron uses several tools and seeks the assistance of top bought a set of first-calf heifer pairs from him,” says Marty War- then sell private treaty to other producers.” business. It’s a pretty easy thing, but a lot of people don’t do that, cattlemen to continue his program’s improvement and genetic ad- ren, Ravenswood Farm manager. “He took the time to get our in- The bull calves from their herd are castrated and sold either at and we appreciate that about him.” vancements. formation and say thank you. He’s the type of guy who shakes weaning or after they are weaned and fed for a short period of “The tools we believe in using to improve our cattle pedigrees your hand and looks you in the eye and says, ‘thank you’. He include top genetics, extensive EPD analysis, focusing on confor- wanted us to be 100 percent satisfied or he’d make it right, what- mation and phenotype and artificial insemination and embryo ever it took.” transfers,” Corporron says. “We also utilize analyst, Brad Wright, Warren added that Corporron always calls a week or two after RanchHand Analytics, who helps us analyze EPDs of dams and the sale to make sure they made it home and to check on how potential sires.” the cattle are doing. This type of customer service is why Steve Corporal runs nearly 250 Santa Gertrudis females, half bred Smith keeps returning to San Antonio to buy replacements for his to purebred Santa Gertrudis sires and the other half to Hereford cattle herd. sires. They run their herd on approximately 1,200 acres of owned “We really like STAR 5 cattle,” says Smith, Ravenswood Farm and leased ground that also includes hay production. owner. “We don’t have a good scientific reason, but if we’re going When the Corporrons started crossbreeding to create com- to buy any cattle, we’d just as soon buy them from Mr. Corporron. mercial, STAR 5 females, they chose Hereford sires for their hy- We also like San Antonio because it’s a good stop in the middle brid vigor and growth. Many other producers in south central of winter.” Texas appreciate this cross in their crossbreeding programs to Smith is in the real estate business as a home builder, but has put on Charolais, Brangus and Angus bulls. raised Santa Gertrudis cattle and Tennessee Walking Horses for “Several producers were asking us for a crossbreed, and we several years. SUMMER • 2019 • SUMMER Ranch headquarters conveniently located 5 miles south of I-10 on Hwy 77 at Schulenburg, Texas indicus influenced breeds is 50 degrees to 81 degrees, making them much better suited to southern beef production patterns. This infor- Females mation clearly confirms that incorporating Bos indicus influenced Santa Gertrudis genetics New name, into a breeding program is a profitable alterna- tive option to the heavily Bos taurus influenced, black-hided breeding program adopted by so thatBy John FordFit many of the nation’s Southern Cattlemen. same commitment Santa Gertrudis Breeders International For a number of years, we have Santa Gertrudis cattle perform profitably in a operated under the name of Executive Director 3148 CR 229 Schulenburg, Texas 78956 Texas Schulenburg, 229 CR 3148 wide range of environmental conditions, from Corporron Acres-Dos Bros Ranch. The thermometer outside my office window the lush improved pastures of the Mid-south to Dos Bros reflected Jim Corporron’s indicates it is currently a warm 104-degree sons, Randy and Rodney’s operation. the challenging arid conditions of the desert June day in sunny South Texas. The abundant Southwest. Rodney and wife, Barbara and son, rainfall witnessed in the fall and spring is now The foundation for a profitable cow herd is a Connor have established Pinnacle just a memory, as is the lush green grasses it balanced efficient female. More is not always Whitetails and now will be operating produced. Unusual? No, just another South better – avoiding extremes and matching their cattle program under Pinnacle Texas summer that is capable of lasting be- cowherds to the operation’s forage resources Cattle Co. and Randy will continue tween 10 and 12 months. Unfortunately, many will almost always result in a profitable set of his cattle under Hidden Antlers cattlemen do not consider the environment and cows well-adapted to the ranch’s environment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2012 Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Brian Thomas Campbell [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Brian Thomas, "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1277 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Brian Thomas Campbell entitled "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Animal Science. John C. Waller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: F. David Kirkpatrick, Gina M. Pighetti, Gary E. Bates, Cheryl J. Kojima Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Brian Thomas Campbell May 2012 I Abstract The overall goal of the studies described in this dissertation was to improve beef production of cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue either through management practices or through identifying markers for genetic selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing SNP Panels and Statistical Methods for Estimating Genomic Breed Composition of Individual Animals in Ten Cattle Breeds
    He et al. BMC Genetics (2018) 19:56 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-018-0654-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparing SNP panels and statistical methods for estimating genomic breed composition of individual animals in ten cattle breeds Jun He1,2†,YageGuo1,3†, Jiaqi Xu1,4, Hao Li1,5,AnnaFuller1, Richard G. Tait Jr1,Xiao-LinWu1,5* and Stewart Bauck1 Abstract Background: SNPs are informative to estimate genomic breed composition (GBC) of individual animals, but selected SNPs for this purpose were not made available in the commercial bovine SNP chips prior to the present study. The primary objective of the present study was to select five common SNP panels for estimating GBC of individual animals initially involving 10 cattle breeds (two dairy breeds and eight beef breeds). The performance of the five common SNP panels was evaluated based on admixture model and linear regression model, respectively. Finally, the downstream implication of GBC on genomic prediction accuracies was investigated and discussed in a Santa Gertrudis cattle population. Results: There were 15,708 common SNPs across five currently-available commercial bovine SNP chips. From this set, four subsets (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000 SNPs) were selected by maximizing average Euclidean distance (AED) of SNP allelic frequencies among the ten cattle breeds. For 198 animals presented as Akaushi, estimated GBC of the Akaushi breed (GBCA) based on the admixture model agreed very well among the five SNP panels, identifying 166 animals with GBCA = 1. Using the same SNP panels, the linear regression approach reported fewer animals with GBCA = 1.
    [Show full text]
  • II. Outbreeding and Hybrid Vigour
    II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour • Outbreeding is the opposite of inbreeding, it is the mating of animals less closely related than the average relationship within the breed. • If two individuals do not have any ancestors in common for five or six generations back in their respective pedigrees, they are usually thought not being any more related than the average of the population Consequences of outbreeding 1. Outbreeding increases the number of pairs of heterozygous genes in the individual 2. Outbreeding tends to decrease breeding purity 3. Outbreeding tends to cover up detrimental recessive genes. 4. Phenotypically, outbreeding usually improves traits related to physical fitness (hybrid vigour). Hybrid vigour or heterosis • Heterosis, or hybrid vigour, is the name given to the increased vigour of the offspring over that of the parents when unrelated individuals are mated. • In 1914 Professor Shull proposed for the first time the word “heterosis ” • The best known example for hybrid vigour in animals is the mule (male ass and mare) • The reciprocal cross, called the hinney or jennet Types of heterosis • There are three main types of heterosis (Individual, Maternal, Paternal) 1) Individual (direct) heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of crossbred individual above the average of its parents. • It is affected by Individual’s gene that directly affects on its performance. • All traits have what is called a direct or individual component of heterosis • Examples (weaning weight, yearling weight and carcass traits) 2- Maternal Heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of the crossbred mother over the average of purebred mothers Example: I.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • ACE Appendix
    CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA August 13, 2021 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes .................................................................................................................................................... 4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes ........................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ................................................................................................... 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes .......................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers ........................................................................ 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ............................................................................................................................. 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers ........................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure ...................................................................................................................................... 30 PG05 – Scientific Species Code ........................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Updated ILRIC Standards Version 17 100309.Indd
    and Quality Assurance Certification Process 1 2 PARTICIPATING BREEDS PARTICIPATING BREEDS TM AngusAUSTRALIA Belmont Red Santa Gertrudis Braford Lincoln Red Maine Anjou Australian Nguni Breeders Charolais 13 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1 Livestock Category Standards 4 2 Livestock Quality Assurance Inspection Standards 6 Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specifi cation 7 Export Breeding Certifi cate Examples 8 Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process 10 3 Semen Standards 12 4 Embryo Standards 13 5 Individual Breed Specifi cations 14 Glossary of Terms 45 Contacts 49 2 4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Standards and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process of the standards that are detailed in this document are produced by the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency (ACGEA) a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Livestock Resources and Information Centre (ILRIC) on behalf of the European, British and Tropical breeds as detailed in the document. The Standards have been endorsed by relevant industry peak bodies including the Australian Registered Cattle Breeders Association (ARCBA), Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), the Australian Livestock Exporters Council (ALEC) and the Cattle Council of Australia (CCA). ILRIC also has as its members, 26 Australian Breed Associations. All breeding animals exported under The Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process will be individually inspected and certifi ed by accredited ILRIC Inspectors. The certifi cation process is comprehensive and thorough. Animal identifi cation and pedigree data will be individually verifi ed and certifi ed as correct and in all categories there will be individual animal inspections in accordance with the compliance standard for structural soundness within the Australian structural soundness quality assurance specifi cations.
    [Show full text]
  • MICHIGAN BEEF PRODUCTION COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Selecting a Breed of Beef Cattle Harlan D
    Extension Bulletin E-1755 February 1984 (NEW) 80 cents MICHIGAN BEEF PRODUCTION COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Selecting a Breed of Beef Cattle Harlan D. Ritchie Department of Animal Science Criteria For Choosing A Breed considered good milkers. Angus females are known Selecting a breed or combination of breeds to use for their fertility and ease of calving. The breed is in your beef herd should be based on the following nearly pure for the polled trait and Angus bulls can be criteria: (1) marketability in your area; (2) cost and expected to sire calf crops that are 100% hornless. availability of good seedstock; (3) climate; (4) quantity The dark skin pigment provides some resistance and quality of feedstuffs on your farm; (5) how the against cancer eye and sun-burned udders. breeds used in a crossing program complement one Angus calves fatten quickly and grade Choice at a another; and (6) personal preference. As an example of relatively light weight (1,050 lb.). They possess more climatic adaptability, British breeds are well adapted marbling in the meat than any other breed of cattle, to cold climates, but do not fare as well in sub­ which means their quality grade (Prime, Choice, tropical regions. Conversely, Brahman blood is need­ Good, etc.) is often higher than that of other cattle. ed for optimum performance in certain Gulf Coastal For this reason, some packers pay a premium for areas, but is not required in the northern states. Angus or Angus-cross steers. However, feedlot operators sometimes pay less for Angus feeder calves British Breeds because they have a tendency to mature too quickly and become fat at too light a weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Texas Longhorn Cattle? by Russell Hooks
    Why Texas Longhorn Cattle? By Russell Hooks In my thirty five plus years of breeding, preserving and promoting Texas Longhorn cattle I have been ask numerous questions about the breed. However I would have to say the most often asked question is “why do y ou raise Longhorns”. This question is not a simple single answer but rather a question with multiple answers which I am going to share with you in this article. First off, they are one of the easiest breeds of cattle to raise and do not require a lot of cattle knowledge or experience working with cattle. One of the factors that make Longhorns a “no hassle” breed is their natural resistance to numerous diseases and parasites. Longhorns seem to have a natural immunity developed over centuries of having to make it on their own with little too no help from mankind. This translates into fewer veterinarian bills and less maintenance cost for an individual choosing to raise Texas Longhorns. Another reason as to “why Longhorns” is their browse utilization. Longhorn cattle will take advantage of whatever type of forage is available thus requiring less supplemental feed to maintain an adequate body condition. Most Longhorn cows weight less than1200lbs which means less cost to maintain the cows. They also put less stress on your pastures by their lower forage requirements and by their willingness to consume different types of vegetation. This allows the rancher to possibly increase his carrying capacity, which increases the number calves produced thus increasing the potential profits. Adaptability is another good reason for raising Longhorn cattle.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Cruz County
    Santa Cruz County Item Type Article Authors Kell, Bruce Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Progressive Agriculture in Arizona Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 27/09/2021 01:36:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/299382 SANTA CRUZ COUNTY Bruce Kell They tell a little story: In Europe, all Americans are Yankees.In the United States, southerners classify all northern- ers as Yankees.In the north, we recognize that only New Eng- landers are Yankees.In New England, a Vermonter is a Yan- kee. And in Vermont a true Yan- kee is an old timer who eats apple pie and cheese for break- fast. So it goes countries, states andWINNING BULL at the Arizona National Livestock Show in Phoenix was this big counties.The closer you get to a Santa Gertrudis from San Cayetano Ranch. Brand numbers indicate certification by place the more you realize how dif- the breed association, which does not certify animals until after they are grown. ferent it is from other places. Take Santa Cruz County, for ex- A Friendly Battleground ample.It is just like Pima County on One of a Series the north and west, and like Cochise Santa Cruz County has been scarred on the east until you take a close This is fourth in a series by the arrows and bullets of half a look. of articles describing Ari- dozen different cultures and to- day is the friendliest place on earth. Same But Different zona counties andtheir ag- riculture.Featured in our It still has a few oldtime prospec- Then you realize that Santa Cruz, tors, setting out into the mountains smallest county ( 1246 square miles ) next issuewill be G i l a with picks and pack burros and it in Arizona, has many individual char- County.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated ILRIC Standards Version 17 100309.Indd
    and Quality Assurance Certification Process 1 2 3 PPARTICIPATINGARTICIPATING BBREEDSREEDS 1 Santa Gertrudis Santa Nguni Maine Anjou Breeders Australian Lincoln Red Red AUSTRALIA TM Belmont Braford Charolais Angus CCONTENTSONTENTS Introduction 3 1 Livestock Category Standards 4 2 Livestock Quality Assurance Inspection Standards 6 Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specifi cation 7 Export Breeding Certifi cate Examples 8 Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process 10 3 Semen Standards 12 4 Embryo Standards 13 5 Individual Breed Specifi cations 14 Glossary of Terms 45 Contacts 49 2 4 CONTENTS IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Standards and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process of the standards that are detailed in this document are produced by the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency (ACGEA) a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Livestock Resources and Information Centre (ILRIC) on behalf of the European, British and Tropical breeds as detailed in the document. The Standards have been endorsed by relevant industry peak bodies including the Australian Registered Cattle Breeders Association (ARCBA), Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), the Australian Livestock Exporters Council (ALEC) and the Cattle Council of Australia (CCA). ILRIC also has as its members, 26 Australian Breed Associations. All breeding animals exported under The Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process will be individually inspected and certifi ed by accredited ILRIC Inspectors. The certifi cation process is comprehensive and thorough. Animal identifi cation and pedigree data will be individually verifi ed and certifi ed as correct and in all categories there will be individual animal inspections in accordance with the compliance standard for structural soundness within the Australian structural soundness quality assurance specifi cations.
    [Show full text]
  • Beef Cattle Information
    BEEF CATTLE INFORMATION DID YOU KNOW??? A 1,000-pound cow produces about 10 tons of manure a year! The hide from one head of cattle (one animal) can be made into 18 pairs of shoes! Bulls, or adult male cattle, are required to wear a nose ring when they show in the ring. The nose ring helps control the animal. BEEF VOCABULARY bovine -- cattle bull – adult male cattle that may produce young by-products – all products, except for beef, that come from beef cattle calf – cattle less than one year old chute – a stand to hold the animal while it is being groomed cow – female cattle that has produced young draft animals – animals that work for us, doing things such as pulling wagons or pulling plows through the fields. Some cattle (or ―oxen‖) are raised as draft animals, and some horses, especially draft horses, as raised as draft animals. dual purpose – animals that are raised to be both beef and dairy cattle or beef and draft animals; triple purpose animals are able to serve us in all three ways, providing milk and meat, and pulling heavy loads heifer – young female cattle that has not yet produced a calf pasture – land where animals may graze and forage plants rumen – the first of four compartments in the stomach of cattle ruminate – to re-chew food that has been swallowed once before; it helps digest or process foods such as hay or corn stalks steer – male cattle that has been neutered (like your cat or dog) so it cannot have young veal - meat from a calf less than three months old that has been fed only milk BY-PRODUCTS Almost all of the beef cattle animal is used to make things we need.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on the Biological Performance of Progenies of Western Sanga X Afrikaner Crossbred and Bonsmara Cattle In
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF PROGENIES OF WESTERN SANGA X AFRIKANER CROSSBRED AND BONSMARA CATTLE IN THE SOURISH MIXED BUSHVELD OF THE NORTH WEST PROVINCE JOSEPH NTLHOKI MORAKA Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for a M-TECH (AGRICULTURE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PORT ELIZABETH TECHNIKON PORT ELIZABETH PROMOTER : MR A v Z BRöNN CO-PROMOTER : DR CHM de BROUWER November 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements (i) List of tables (ii) List of figures (iv) Abstract (vi) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 The problem and its setting 4 1.1 The problem statement 5 1.2 Sub problems 6 1.3 The hypothesis 6 1.4.1 List of abbreviations 7 1.4.2 Definition of terms 9 1.5 Assumption 11 1.6 Delimitation 11 1.7 The importance of the study 12 CHAPTER 2 THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 14 2.1 The origin of the Bonsmara and the Sanga, and the history 15 of the Afrikaner cattle breeds 2.1.1 Origin of the Bonsmara 16 2.1.2 Origin of the Sanga 20 2.1.3 The history of the Afrikaner 25 2.2 Comparative productivity 26 2.2.1 Fertility 27 2.2.2 Maternal influences on birth weight 28 2.3 Genetic value and inherent capabilities 29 2.3.1 Nutritional aspects 30 2.3.2 Blood values 34 2.4 Tolerance to climatic stress, parasites and diseases 35 2.4.1 Tick resistance 38 2.5 Performance test and carcass evaluation 42 2.5.1 Comparative performance 42 2.5.2 Feedlot performance 44 2.6 Mother line 46 2.7 Conclusion 50 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 3.1 Farm description 52 3.1.1 Location and size 52 3.1.2 Veld type and vegetation 53
    [Show full text]