Eared Cattle Highlighted at BIF Birthplace of the Industry Beef in Australia Brahman Crossbred Performance Briggs Ranches Cowman Selected
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Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2012 Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Brian Thomas Campbell [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Brian Thomas, "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2012. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1277 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Brian Thomas Campbell entitled "Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Animal Science. John C. Waller, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: F. David Kirkpatrick, Gina M. Pighetti, Gary E. Bates, Cheryl J. Kojima Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Improving Beef Cattle Performance on Tall Fescue Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Brian Thomas Campbell May 2012 I Abstract The overall goal of the studies described in this dissertation was to improve beef production of cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue either through management practices or through identifying markers for genetic selection. -
June 2019 Newsletter
Relationships Are a “I chose Santa Gertrudis cattle because I thought that’s what time, then sold at a local livestock sale in Unionville, Tennessee Fundamental Part cowboys ought to have,” Smith adds. “It’s more about the cattle “We’ve tried several ways to market the calves,” Warren says. culture for me but also that they are good cattle and take care of “We’ve put them in a cooperative, sent to a feedlot - it always de- themselves.” pends on the market. Typically, we sell a short time after wean- Ravenswood Farm’s cattle have always been Santa ing.” of the STAR 5 Gertrudis-influenced. They started with purebred Santa Gertrudis Warren adds that in the commercial beef cattle business, they but have moved to the crossbred STAR 5 cattle. Warren says the are trying to raise a calf that pushes the scale down as fast as it cattle from Corporron are gentle, raise a good calf and are good can, trying to get to a number as quickly as possible with the Stephen Smith (l) and Marty Warren (c), with Ravenswood Farm are Female Business milkers that haven’t had udder problems. least amount of expense. pictured with Jim Corporron at the San Antonio All Breed Bull and “We appreciate the Hereford-influence in the Santa Gertrudis Besides having growthy calves, Smith wants to have cattle Commercial Female Sale. Ravenswood Farm are repeat Star 5 fe- By Kelsey Pope, Freelance Writer, cattle for being gentle and raising good calves,” Warren says. that look good, too. males customers for the Corporron Family. -
Crossbreeding of Cattle in Africa
Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences June 2018, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 16-31 ISSN: 2334-2404 (Print), 2334-2412 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v7n1a3 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jaes.v7n1a3 Crossbreeding of Cattle in Africa R Trevor Wilson1 Abstract Africa is endowed with a very wide range of mostly Bos indicus indigenous cattle breeds. A general statement with regard to their performance for meat or milk is that they are of inferior genetic value. Attempts to improve their performance have rarely relied on within-breed improvement but have concentrated on crossing to supposedly superior exotic Bos taurus types. Exotic types have not always – indeed have rarely -- been chosen on objective criteria and the imported breeds generally indicate the colonial past of individual African countries rather than on use of “the right animal in the right place”. Most attempts at increasing output have been undertaken under research station conditions. Results on station have been very variable but the limited success achieved has rarely been carried over in to the general African cattle population. This paper documents a number of attempts to alter the genetic make-up of African cattle in several countries and discusses the reasons for the failure of most of these. Keywords: Bos indicus, Bos taurus, livestock experiments, milk production, meat production 1. Introduction African countries differ greatly in climatic, ecological and agricultural conditions and in socioeconomic factors. In many countries, nonetheless, cattle are the most important livestock species. -
For Immediate Release Brangus Are Not “Eared” Cattle
For Immediate Release Contact: Doc or Patricia Spitzer FAIR PLAY, SC [email protected] or November 8, 2011 (864)972-9140 or (864)710-0257 Brangus Are Not “Eared” Cattle First and foremost we need to wrap our minds around the fact that God created cattle, he did not create breeds. And while in some cases natural barriers such as oceans and mountain ranges did affect genetic selection, for the most part it is humans who created breeds. And, if you go back far enough in history there really are no pure breeds, only our inflated misconceptions that they exist. That being said, there are two species that make up all cattle of the world; Bos Taurus cattle are primarily cattle populations that originated in the more temperate climates and Bos Indicus cattle populations developed in the more tropical regions of the world. Generally the US beef industry further subdivides Bos Taurus beef cattle into two groups. Continental Breeds of cattle are those breeds originating on the European Continent while British Breeds were originally from selections of bovine populations from the British Isle. It is also typical of US producers to wrongly lump all Bos Indicus breeds of cattle together. This is rather astounding as there are more recognized different breeds of Bos Indicus derivation scattered around the world than specific breeds of Bos Taurus derivation. Americans have also further compounded the confusion by creating new breeds by crossing a variety of specifically recognized Bos Indicus cattle to create the American Brahman and crossing cattle of Bos Indicus and Bos Taurus origin to create what some refer to as the American Breeds. -
Comparing SNP Panels and Statistical Methods for Estimating Genomic Breed Composition of Individual Animals in Ten Cattle Breeds
He et al. BMC Genetics (2018) 19:56 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-018-0654-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparing SNP panels and statistical methods for estimating genomic breed composition of individual animals in ten cattle breeds Jun He1,2†,YageGuo1,3†, Jiaqi Xu1,4, Hao Li1,5,AnnaFuller1, Richard G. Tait Jr1,Xiao-LinWu1,5* and Stewart Bauck1 Abstract Background: SNPs are informative to estimate genomic breed composition (GBC) of individual animals, but selected SNPs for this purpose were not made available in the commercial bovine SNP chips prior to the present study. The primary objective of the present study was to select five common SNP panels for estimating GBC of individual animals initially involving 10 cattle breeds (two dairy breeds and eight beef breeds). The performance of the five common SNP panels was evaluated based on admixture model and linear regression model, respectively. Finally, the downstream implication of GBC on genomic prediction accuracies was investigated and discussed in a Santa Gertrudis cattle population. Results: There were 15,708 common SNPs across five currently-available commercial bovine SNP chips. From this set, four subsets (1,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000 SNPs) were selected by maximizing average Euclidean distance (AED) of SNP allelic frequencies among the ten cattle breeds. For 198 animals presented as Akaushi, estimated GBC of the Akaushi breed (GBCA) based on the admixture model agreed very well among the five SNP panels, identifying 166 animals with GBCA = 1. Using the same SNP panels, the linear regression approach reported fewer animals with GBCA = 1. -
Purebred Livestock Registry Associations
Purebred livestock registry associations W. Dennis Lamm1 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE no. 1.217 Beef Devon. Devon Cattle Assn., Inc., P.O. Box 628, Uvalde, TX 78801. Mrs. Cammille Hoyt, Sec. Phone: American. American Breed Assn., Inc., 306 512-278-2201. South Ave. A, Portales, NM 88130. Mrs. Jewell Dexter. American Dexter Cattle Assn., P.O. Jones, Sec. Phone: 505-356-8019. Box 56, Decorah, IA 52l01. Mrs. Daisy Moore, Amerifax. Amerifax Cattle Assn., Box 149, Exec. Sec. Phone: 319-736-5772, Hastings, NE 68901. John Quirk, Pres. Phone Friesian. Beef Friesian Society, 213 Livestock 402-463-5289. Exchange Bldg., Denver, CO 80216. Maurice W. Angus. American Angus Assn., 3201 Freder- Boney, Adm. Dir. Phone: 303-587-2252. ick Blvd., St. Joseph, MO 64501. Richard Spader, Galloway. American Galloway Breeders Assn., Exec. Vice. Pres. Phone: 816-233-3101. 302 Livestock Exchange Bldg., Denver, CO 80216. Ankina. Ankina Breeders, Inc., 5803 Oaks Rd,. Cecil Harmon, Pres. Phone: 303-534-0853. Clayton, OH 45315. James K. Davis, Ph.D., Pres. Galloway. Galloway Cattle Society of Amer- Phone: 513-837-4128. ica, RFD 1, Springville, IA 52336. Phone: 319- Barzona. Barzona Breeders Assn. of America, 854-7062. P.O. Box 631, Prescott, AZ 86320. Karen Halford, Gelbvieh. American Gelbvieh Assn., 5001 Na- Sec. Phone: 602-445-2290. tional Western Dr., Denver, CO 80218. Daryl W. Beefalo. American Beefalo Breeders, 1661 E. Loeppke, Exec. Dir. Phone: 303-296-9257. Brown Rd., Mayville 22, MI 48744. Phone: 517-843- Hays Convertor. Canadian Hays Convertor 6811. Assn., 6707 Elbow Dr. SW, Suite 509, Calgary, Beefmaster. -
II. Outbreeding and Hybrid Vigour
II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour II. Outbreeding and Hybrid vigour • Outbreeding is the opposite of inbreeding, it is the mating of animals less closely related than the average relationship within the breed. • If two individuals do not have any ancestors in common for five or six generations back in their respective pedigrees, they are usually thought not being any more related than the average of the population Consequences of outbreeding 1. Outbreeding increases the number of pairs of heterozygous genes in the individual 2. Outbreeding tends to decrease breeding purity 3. Outbreeding tends to cover up detrimental recessive genes. 4. Phenotypically, outbreeding usually improves traits related to physical fitness (hybrid vigour). Hybrid vigour or heterosis • Heterosis, or hybrid vigour, is the name given to the increased vigour of the offspring over that of the parents when unrelated individuals are mated. • In 1914 Professor Shull proposed for the first time the word “heterosis ” • The best known example for hybrid vigour in animals is the mule (male ass and mare) • The reciprocal cross, called the hinney or jennet Types of heterosis • There are three main types of heterosis (Individual, Maternal, Paternal) 1) Individual (direct) heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of crossbred individual above the average of its parents. • It is affected by Individual’s gene that directly affects on its performance. • All traits have what is called a direct or individual component of heterosis • Examples (weaning weight, yearling weight and carcass traits) 2- Maternal Heterosis • It is the improvement in the performance of the crossbred mother over the average of purebred mothers Example: I. -
Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur. -
A Compilation of Research Results Involving Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle Breeds
A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS INVOLVING TROPICALLY ADAPTED BEEF CATTLE BREEDS S-243 and S-277 Multistate Research Projects Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 405 http://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/crops_livestock/livestock/beef_cattle/breeding_genetics/trpoical+breeds.htm Contact information: Dr. David G. Morrison, Associate Director Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station P. O. Box 25055 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70894-5055 Phone: 225-578-4182 FAX: 225-578-6032 Email: [email protected] ISBN: 1-58161-405-5 State Agricultural Experiment Stations do not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, color, religion, national origin, age, disability, or veteran status in provision of educational opportunities or employment opportunities and benefits. - 1 - Preface The Southern region of the U.S. contains approximately 42% of the nation’s beef cows and nearly 50% of its cow-calf producers. The region’s environment generally can be characterized as subtropical, i.e. hot, humid summers with ample rainfall supporting good forage production. Efficient cow-calf production in the humid South is dependent on heat and parasite tolerance and good forage utilization ability. Brahman and Brahman-derivative breeds generally possess these characteristics and excel in maternal traits. Consequently, they have been used extensively throughout the Southern Region in crossbreeding systems with Bos taurus breeds in order to exploit both breed complementarity and heterosis effects. However, several characteristics of Brahman and Brahman crossbred cattle, such as poor feedlot performance, lower carcass quality including meat tenderness, and poor temperament, whether real or perceived can result in economic discounts of these cattle. Therefore, determining genetic variation for economically important traits among Brahman and Brahman-derivative breeds and identifying tropically adapted breeds of cattle from other countries that may excel in their performance of economically important traits in Southern U.S. -
ACE Appendix
CBP and Trade Automated Interface Requirements Appendix: PGA August 13, 2021 Pub # 0875-0419 Contents Table of Changes .................................................................................................................................................... 4 PG01 – Agency Program Codes ........................................................................................................................... 18 PG01 – Government Agency Processing Codes ................................................................................................... 22 PG01 – Electronic Image Submitted Codes .......................................................................................................... 26 PG01 – Globally Unique Product Identification Code Qualifiers ........................................................................ 26 PG01 – Correction Indicators* ............................................................................................................................. 26 PG02 – Product Code Qualifiers ........................................................................................................................... 28 PG04 – Units of Measure ...................................................................................................................................... 30 PG05 – Scientific Species Code ........................................................................................................................... 31 PG05 – FWS Wildlife Description Codes ........................................................................................................... -
Each New GGP Generation Gives You More Advantages
A New Generation The GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler™ (GGP) portfolio empowers your selection, management and marketing of beef seedstock Each new GGP generation gives you more advantages Our GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) products and services empower your decisions in selecting, raising and selling elite cattle, enhancing profit and protecting your reputation for high-quality seedstock. Beef genomics is evolving fast. Neogen gives you the most advanced, widest range of DNA testing for the real world of cattle production. Why Neogen? • From partnering with all major breeds…to the industry’s broadest line of genomic profilers • From faster, easier DNA sampling at chute side…to world-class achievements like genotyping embryos • From running millions of DNA samples…to driving down the cost of genomic testing • From advanced data pipelines…to ongoing discovery on the genomic frontier • From field support for your operation…to global collaborations with world-renowned scientists • From defect and condition screening…to customized profiles for your breed If you want to be generations ahead, go with GGP. How to obtain GGP products and services GGP products are available through partner breed associations and genetics companies. GGP data are used to genomically enhance Expected Progeny Differences (GE-EPDs), test parentage and screen for genetic conditions. GGP data are transmitted to partners via secure, industry-leading bio-informatic tools and backed by our data experts and quality control team. October 1990 March 1998 July 2001 July 2001 Human Genome Project begins a National Beef Cattle A Timeline of Abe Oommen and Daniel Pomp Jim Gibb launches 13-year, $2.7 billion effort, world's Evaluation Consortium funded to found GeneSeek Frontier Beef Systems Genomic Milestones largest research collaboration improve beef genetics 2 The generational timelines of GE-EPDs & traditional bull test evaluation Collecting good quality phenotype data is very important. -
Updated ILRIC Standards Version 17 100309.Indd
and Quality Assurance Certification Process 1 2 PARTICIPATING BREEDS PARTICIPATING BREEDS TM AngusAUSTRALIA Belmont Red Santa Gertrudis Braford Lincoln Red Maine Anjou Australian Nguni Breeders Charolais 13 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1 Livestock Category Standards 4 2 Livestock Quality Assurance Inspection Standards 6 Structural Soundness Quality Assurance Specifi cation 7 Export Breeding Certifi cate Examples 8 Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process 10 3 Semen Standards 12 4 Embryo Standards 13 5 Individual Breed Specifi cations 14 Glossary of Terms 45 Contacts 49 2 4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Australian Cattle Genetic Export Standards and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process of the standards that are detailed in this document are produced by the Australian Cattle Genetics Export Agency (ACGEA) a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Livestock Resources and Information Centre (ILRIC) on behalf of the European, British and Tropical breeds as detailed in the document. The Standards have been endorsed by relevant industry peak bodies including the Australian Registered Cattle Breeders Association (ARCBA), Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), the Australian Livestock Exporters Council (ALEC) and the Cattle Council of Australia (CCA). ILRIC also has as its members, 26 Australian Breed Associations. All breeding animals exported under The Australian Cattle Genetics Export Standard and Quality Assurance Certifi cation Process will be individually inspected and certifi ed by accredited ILRIC Inspectors. The certifi cation process is comprehensive and thorough. Animal identifi cation and pedigree data will be individually verifi ed and certifi ed as correct and in all categories there will be individual animal inspections in accordance with the compliance standard for structural soundness within the Australian structural soundness quality assurance specifi cations.