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Large-Animal Production Chapter 10

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Large-Animal Production Chapter 10 This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production John McCormick/Shutterstock.com Lesson 10.1 Beef Industry Lesson 10.2 Dairy Industry Lesson 10.3 Equine Industry Santa Gertrudis Breeders International, Kingsville, Texas sw_photo/Shutterstock.com Bureau of Land Management, Jana Wilson While studying, look for the activity icon to: v Practice vocabulary terms with e-flash cards and matching activities. v Expand learning with video clips, animations, and interactive activities. v Reinforce what you learn by completing the end-of-lesson activities. v Test your knowledge by completing the end-of-chapter questions. 506 This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production 509 Lesson 10.1 Careers Words to Know There are many careers within the beef industry. It is easy to become (Continued ) Beef Industry a rancher or cattle producer if your family raises cattle, Figure 10-2. What if you grow up in the city or have little experience with cattle? There are round many opportunities to become engaged in the beef industry through breed ruminant seedstock Words to Know Lesson Outcomes associations, cattle shows, working on a farm or ranch that raises cattle, working at a feedlot, or being a large-animal veterinarian—the opportunities are endless! seedstock cattle artificial insemination By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Working on a farm, ranch, or at a feedlot requires some education. producer Working for a breed association usually requires a college degree, and being a (A.I.) v Understand the size and the scope of the beef industry. steer backgrounding veterinarian requires approximately eight years of college. v Understand common terminology of the beef industry. stocker operation operation v Identify the major cuts of beef. subprimal cut beef Common Beef Cattle Terms beef cattle v Describe the components of the beef industry. As with most animals, different terms are used to describe cattle during Bos Indicus v Understand commonly used production systems in the beef industry. different stages of their lives: Bos Taurus v Describe different breeds of beef cattle in the United States. v Calf—term to describe young bovine Before You Read v Bull—young male breed Did You Know? breed association Do an Internet search for breeds of beef cattle in the United States. Pick three v Steer—castrated male brisket breeds you would like to research and learn more about. Research at least v Heifer—young female In today’s society, the one breed of which you have not heard of before. v Bull—mature male average person consumes bull approximately 70 pounds calf v Cow—mature female of beef per year. calving v Calving—act of giving birth in cattle he term beef cattle refers to cattle used to produce beef. Beef is the chuck T meat humans consume from harvested cattle. Examples of beef would be commercial cattle hamburger, steak, and roast beef. Beef cattle are not indigenous to the United cow States. Many historians report that when Columbus came to America, there Washington cow-calf operation were no domesticated animals. Cattle and other domesticated animals came New Hampshire Indiana Vermont Maine to America on Columbus’ second voyage in 1493. Montana North Dakota Minnesota cud Michigan cutability Oregon West Idaho Wisconsin Massachusetts feedlot South Dakota Virginia Beef Industry in the United States New York flank Wyoming Rhode Island Connecticut Today, the beef industry in the United States is a large, multibillion dollar Iowa gestation Nebraska Pennsylvania New Jersey industry that contributes greatly to our economy. According to the USDA, Nevada Ohio heifer Utah Delaware the beef cattle industry generates $44 billion in economic impact, and there Illinois California Colorado herd D.C. Maryland are approximately 87.7 million head of cattle in our country. The average size Kansas Missouri Virginia loin cow herd in the United States is 40 head. The top five states (in order) in beef Kentucky offal cattle production are Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, California, and Oklahoma, Tennessee Arizona Oklahoma North Carolina plate Figure 10-1. New Mexico Arkansas polled South Carolina Georgia primal cut U.S. Beef Exports Texas purebred In 2014, the U.S. beef industry exported 5.6 billion pounds of beef with Florida purebred breeder the top export markets being Canada, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and Hong Alaska Alabama rib Kong. In 2013, the average person spent $288.17 on beef in the United States. Louisiana Mississippi (Continued) Hawaii Mirec/Shutterstock.com Figure 10-1. The top states in beef cattle production. Are there certain climates or topography that make an area better suited for raising beef cattle? 508 Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 510 Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production 511 family-owned with families providing the Production Cycle daily care and maintenance of the cow herd. These producers profit mainly from the sale of Beef Cattle of calves at weaning age, which is usually Cows are bred through natural means around 6–8 months of age. (exposure to a bull) or through artificial insemination. Artificial insemination (A.I.) Stocker Operations is a process where sperm is collected from a bull, processed and frozen for When calves are weaned from their storage, and then thawed and placed in mothers (6–8 months), they are often the reproductive tract of the cow. Once the transferred to stocker or backgrounding cow is pregnant, she will carry the calf in operations. These operations use grazing gestation (pregnancy) for approximately pastures for cattle to provide moderate 279–290 days. The gestation period varies, weight gain with minimal grain being Diamond K Ranch, Hempstead, TX depending on the breed of cattle. The term added to their diet. This stage of production usually lasts from when calves Figure 10-2. Careers in the beef cattle industry often begin with calving is used to describe a cow who is in raising and showing cattle as part of an SAE or 4-H program. the process of giving birth. are weaned until they are 12–18 months. When the calf is born, it will nurse its At this time, they are taken to a feedlot. mother until six months of age when it is Cow weaned or separated into a different pen or Feedlot Operations pasture from the cow. At weaning, calves Red Angus Association of both sexes are sent to backgrounding In feedlots, large numbers of cattle Mating with bull are grouped based on size, genetics, and Figure 10-4. Calves nurse for six months before weaning. Do or through A.I. operations to graze and gain weight prior nursing cows have additional nutritional needs? to being sent to a feedlot. Some calves are consistency in order to maximize profit for Gestation 279–290 days kept as potential replacement breeding the feedlot. Cattle are not allowed to graze at animals. These bulls and heifers are feedlots. They are fed high-grain diets with Calving usually grazed and fed until an acceptable roughage (hay) to increase fat deposition breeding age. Bulls usually reach breeding which, in turn, increases the quality of beef. age at two years. Heifers are usually bred Cattle usually spend four to six months in Birth when they are 15–18 months of age so they the feedlot. Most feedlots are located in the can calve at approximately two years of high plains of the United States. The Texas Suckling for up to 6 months age, Figure 10-3. panhandle, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and Colorado are the leading states in feedlot Weaning production, Figure 10-5. The Beef Cattle Seedstock Operations Finishing begins Industry Seedstock cattle producers raise cattle There are many different segments of that are typically registered with a breed Harvest at the beef cattle industry. The following are Seedstock association. They may be referred to as 16–30 months examples of different types of beef cattle purebred breeders. (A purebred animal is an Santa Gertrudis Breeders International, Kingsville, Texas operations in the United States. Some of animal species or breed achieved through Figure 10-5. Cattle on feedlots are grouped to maximize profit these examples may be common in your the process of selective breeding.) for the feedlot. How does grouping the animals by size, genetics, By-products Processing and consistency help maximize profit for the feedlot? Further geographic region. to rendering and Distribution They produce seedstock: bulls, heifers, processing plant packaging and cows that are used in registered Cow-Calf Operations breeding herds as well as commercial cattle operations. These cattle are usually registered in a breed association with Distribution Most beef cattle are born on cow- a documented pedigree and performance data (birth date, birth weight, calf operations. These operations are weaning weight, yearling weight, maternal/milk or carcass data) that is Goodheart-Willcox Publisher commonly seen as you travel down useful to purebred and commercial cattlemen. Figure 10-3. The production cycle of beef cattle. After highways or country roads. Cows are bred studying the production cycle, visit www.g-wlearning.com to each year to produce calves for the market, test your knowledge. Figure 10-4. These operations are usually Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 512 Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Chapter 10 Large-Animal Production 513 Associations Each breed of cattle has an association for cattle producers who raise that specific breed.
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