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…De Patrimoine ? …De Guerre À La Corruption ?

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…De Patrimoine ? …De Guerre À La Corruption ? …de patrimoine ? Déclaration… …de guerre à la corruption ? La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique Sous la direction de Mohamed HADDAD Tunis, juin 2018 La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique Présentation « Barr al Aman pour la recherche et les médias » est un média associatif tunisien qui vise à évaluer les politiques publiques notamment par des reportages, des interviews et des débats diffusés sur les réseaux sociaux ou sur les les ondes de la radio, mais aussi à travers des articles et rapports d’analyse. Cette organisation a été cofondée par Mohamed Haddad et Khansa Ben Tarjem à Tunis en 2015. Elle est financée par des contributions propres des membres mais aussi le soutien d’organismes internationaux comme l’organisation canadienne développement et paix, l’agence française de coopération médias – CFI et la délégation de l’Union Européenne en Tunisie. Les avis exprimés dans ce document sont ceux des auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement les points de vue des partenaires techniques et financiers. Le nom de notre association « Barr al Aman » est un jeu de mots en arabe car lu rapidement, il devient « barlamane » ce qui veut dire parlement. Remerciements Merci à tous ceux qui ont contribué à ce rapport directement ou indirectement. Que ce soit pour la recherche, la saisie de données, les analyses, les relectures, corrections, traduction, conseils, etc. Merci particulièrement à BEN TARJEM Khansa, BOUHLEL Chaima, BEN YOUSSEF Mohamed Slim, CHEBAANE Imen, JAIDI Ali, ABDERRAHMANE Aymen, ALLANI Mohamed, MEZZI Rania, AROUS Hedia, BACHA Khaireddine, BENDANA KCHIR Kmar, BOUYSSY Maïté, KLAUS Enrique, TOUIHRI Aymen, SAIDANE Farouk, SILIANI Ghada, NAGUEZ Slim, NSIR Sarra, MERIAH Oussema, SBABTI Ihsen, LARBI Khalil, Pour citer ce rapport : La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique, Mohamed HADDAD (dir), Barr al Aman pour la recherche et les médias, Tunis, juin 2018. Pour nous contacter : [email protected] http://www.barralaman.tn/ +216 71 840 430 5 Rue Mustapha Sfar, 1002 Tunis-Belvédère Mohamed HADDAD Co-fondateur et rédacteur en chef [email protected] +216 22 517 354 2 Barr al Aman pour la recherche et les médias SOMMAIRE Présentation ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Remerciements ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Résumé .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction : la lutte contre la corruption, un coup d’épée dans l’eau ? ........................................ 8 Chapitre 1: TRENTE ANS DE DECLARATION DE PATRIMOINE .......................................... 10 Pourquoi une loi sur la déclaration de patrimoine en 1987? ........................................................... 11 La Déclaration de patrimoine, « une mesure symbolique » : entretien avec Rachid Sfar, ancien Premier ministre ............................................................................................................................ 11 Les débats parlementaires ............................................................................................................. 12 Présentation des travaux en commission sur cette loi .............................................................................. 12 Les interrogations de la commission ................................................................................................... 12 Les propositions de la commission ...................................................................................................... 13 Les débats en plénière .......................................................................................................................... 13 Sur le fond, les faiblesses de la loi sont directement débusquées par les élus de l’époque ................. 13 La réponse du ministre de la Justice, Mohamed Salah Ayari .............................................................. 14 Le passage au vote ............................................................................................................................... 15 Méthodologie de la déclaration de patrimoine ................................................................................. 16 Le début de l’opération ................................................................................................................. 16 Les délais ....................................................................................................................................... 17 La sauvegarde des informations .................................................................................................... 17 Pour les membres du gouvernement ......................................................................................................... 17 Autres fonctions ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Le contrôle .................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapitre 2: LA DECLARATION DE PATRIMOINE, DANS LA PRATIQUE ........................... 18 Expériences d’élus et de fonctionnaires ............................................................................................ 19 Analyse des données : plus de 25.000 déclarations sur 30 ans ......................................................... 21 Evolution des déclarations en fonction du temps de 1987 à 2017 ................................................ 22 Les différents motifs de déclarations ............................................................................................ 23 Commentaires sur la gestion de la base de données ..................................................................... 25 Base de données des membres des différents gouvernements de 2011- août 2016 ...................... 28 Chapitre 3: LE CADRE LEGAL DE LA DECLARATION DE PATRIMOINE ......................... 30 Les débats des constituants ............................................................................................................... 31 Le débat sur l’article 11 de la constitution .................................................................................... 31 L’avis favorable (pour) ............................................................................................................................. 31 L’avis défavorable (contre) ...................................................................................................................... 32 Proposition d’amendement : ajout de « et les biens de son épouse et de ses enfants avant et après la prise de ses fonctions. » ............................................................................................................. 33 L’avis favorable (pour) : ........................................................................................................................... 33 L’avis défavorable (contre) : .................................................................................................................... 33 Les législations proposées ................................................................................................................. 34 Comparaison et description des quatre propositions et du projet de loi gouvernemental ............. 34 Les initiatives législatives à l’aune des positionnements politiques et partisans ..................................... 34 #83/2015 .............................................................................................................................................. 34 #35/2017 .............................................................................................................................................. 34 #66/2017 .............................................................................................................................................. 35 3 La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique #67/2017 .............................................................................................................................................. 35 #89/2017 .............................................................................................................................................. 35 Les différentes visions d’une même politique publique ............................................................... 36 Le cadre légal en lien avec la déclaration de patrimoine ................................................................. 38 L’accès à l’information ................................................................................................................. 38 Selon la constitution : ............................................................................................................................... 38 Selon la loi : .............................................................................................................................................. 38 Analyse : ................................................................................................................................................... 39 L’Instance de bonne gouvernance et de lutte contre la corruption ..............................................
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