Nordafrikas Säkulare Zivilgesellschaften
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L E M a G a Z I N E
LE MAGAZINE D E FRANCE IC PUBLICATIONS L’AFRIQUEoctobre - novembre 2015 | N° 45 609 Bât. A 77, RUE BAYEN 75017 PARIS EN COUVERTURE Tél : + 33 1 44 30 81 00 MAGHREB Fax : + 33 1 44 30 81 11 Courriel : [email protected] 4 LA DIPLOMATIE AFRICAINE www.magazinedelafrique.com ALGÉRIE DE LA FRANCE 50 Bouteflika-Mediène GRANDE-BRETAGNE 5 Hollande et l’Afrique La fin du bras de fer IC PUBLICATIONS 7 COLDBATH SQUARE 8 Les dessous de la nouvelle 53 Nouria Benghabrit, la ministre qui dérange LONDON EC1R 4LQ Tél : + 44 20 7841 32 10 approche française 54 Derrière la langue, l’idéologie Fax : + 44 20 7713 78 98 11 Les généraux « africains » à la manœuvre E.mail : [email protected] MAROC www.newafricanmagazine.com 13 Quels changements 56 Les élections locales confortent le PJD DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION dans la dépendance africaine ? Afif Ben Yedder TUNISIE ÉDITEUR 58 En quête de gouvernance Omar Ben Yedder 15 Le point de vue des journalistes DIRECTRICE GÉNÉRALE Serge Michel, Jean-Dominique Merchet, LIBYE Leila Ben Hassen [email protected] Malick Diawara, Frédéric Lejeal 60 Le kadhafisme est mort, RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF pas les kadhafistes Hichem Ben Yaïche ENTRETIENS [email protected] 18 Général Lamine Cissé AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE COORDONNATEUR DE LA RÉDACTION La France n’a pas vocation de gendarme Junior Ouattara TCHAD 20 SECRÉTAIRE DE RÉDACTION Herman J. Cohen 62 La guerre intense contre Boko Haram Laurent Soucaille La collaboration est totale entre RÉDACTION la France et les États-Unis NIGER Christian d’Alayer, -
Ennahda's Approach to Tunisia's Constitution
BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER Number 10, February 2014 CONVINCE, COERCE, OR COMPROMISE? ENNAHDA’S APPROACH TO TUNISIA’S CONSTITUTION MONICA L. MARKS B ROOKINGS The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high- quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars. Copyright © 2014 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/doha TABLE OF C ONN T E T S I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1 II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3 III. Diverging Assessments .................................................................................................4 IV. Ennahda as an “Army?” ..............................................................................................8 V. Ennahda’s Introspection .................................................................................................11 VI. Challenges of Transition ................................................................................................13 -
The Prospects for Security Sector Reform in Tunisia: a Year After the Revolution
Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues related to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrate- gic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of De- fense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip re- ports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army par- ticipation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute Monograph THE PROSPECTS FOR SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN TUNISIA: A YEAR AFTER THE REVOLUTION Querine Hanlon September 2012 The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Nation- al Defense University, the United States Institute of Peace, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. -
Contested Publics : Situating Civil Society in a Post-- Authoritarian Era : the Case Study of Tunisia, 2011–2013
Fortier, Edwige Aimee (2016) Contested publics : situating civil society in a post-- authoritarian era : the case study of Tunisia, 2011–2013. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23642 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Contested Publics: Situating Civil Society in a Post-Authoritarian Era The Case Study of Tunisia 2011–2013 Edwige Aimee Fortier Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in Development Studies 2016 Department of Development Studies Faculty of Law and Social Sciences School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Page | 1 Abstract Periods of sociopolitical transition from authoritarian rule offer renewed expectations for more representative and accountable state institutions, for enhanced pluralism and public participation, and for opportunities for marginalised groups to emerge from the periphery. Several thousand new civil society organisations were legally established in Tunisia following the 2010–2011 uprising that forced a long-serving dictator from office. -
Forming the New Tunisian Government
Viewpoints No. 71 Forming the New Tunisian Government: “Relative Majority” and the Reality Principle Lilia Labidi Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center and former Minister for Women’s Affairs, Tunisia February 2015 After peaceful legislative and presidential elections in Tunisia toward the end of 2014, which were lauded on both the national and international levels, the attempt to form a new government reveals the tensions among the various political forces and the difficulties of constructing a democratic system in the country that was the birthplace of the "Arab Spring." Middle East Program 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ On January 23, 2015, Prime Minister Habib Essid announced the members of the new Tunisian government after much negotiation with the various political parties. Did Prime Minister Essid intend to give a political lesson to Tunisians, both to those who had been elected to the Assembly of the People’s Representatives (ARP) and to civil society? The ARP’s situation is worrisome for two reasons. First, 76 percent of the groups in political parties elected to the ARP have not submitted the required financial documents to the appropriate authorities in a timely manner. They therefore run the risk of losing their seats. Second, ARP members are debating the rules and regulations of the parliament as well as the definition of parliamentary opposition. They have been unable to reach an agreement on this last issue; without an agreement, the ARP is unable to vote on approval for a proposed government. There is conflict within a number of political parties in this context. In Nidaa Tounes, some members of the party, including MP Abdelaziz Kotti, have argued that there has been no exchange of information within the party regarding the formation of the government. -
Political Transition in Tunisia
Political Transition in Tunisia Alexis Arieff Analyst in African Affairs April 15, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21666 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Political Transition in Tunisia Summary On January 14, 2011, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali fled the country for Saudi Arabia following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. Tunisia’s mass popular uprising, dubbed the “Jasmine Revolution,” appears to have added momentum to anti-government and pro-reform sentiment in other countries across the region, and some policy makers view Tunisia as an important “test case” for democratic transitions elsewhere in the Middle East. Ben Ali’s departure was greeted by widespread euphoria within Tunisia. However, political instability, economic crisis, and insecurity are continuing challenges. On February 27, amid a resurgence in anti-government demonstrations, Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (a holdover from Ben Ali’s administration) stepped down and was replaced by Béji Caïd Essebsi, an elder statesman from the administration of the late founding President Habib Bourguiba. On March 3, the interim government announced a new transition “road map” that would entail the election on July 24 of a “National Constituent Assembly.” The Assembly would, in turn, be charged with promulgating a new constitution ahead of expected presidential and parliamentary elections, which have not been scheduled. The protest movement has greeted the road map as a victory, but many questions remain concerning its implementation. Until January, Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) party exerted near-total control over parliament, state and local governments, and most political activity. -
Formations Politiques Du Sénat Sont Représentées
Groupe interparlementaire d’amitié France-Tunisie(1) Revenir en Tunisie Pour une reprise durable du tourisme en Tunisie et pour une coopération France-Tunisie en ce domaine Actes du colloque Sénat du 23 mars 2017 Sous le haut patronage de M. Gérard LARCHER, Président du Sénat Palais du Luxembourg Salle Clemenceau (1) Membres du groupe interparlementaire d’amitié France-Tunisie : M. Jean-Pierre SUEUR, Président, Mme Christiane KAMMERMANN, Vice-présidente, M. Claude KERN, Vice-président, M. Charles REVET, Vice-Président, M. Thierry CARCENAC, Secrétaire, Mme Laurence COHEN, Secrétaire, Mme Leila AÏCHI, Mme Éliane ASSASSI, Mme Esther BENBASSA, Mme Marie-Christine BLANDIN, M. Jean-Marie BOCKEL, Mme Corinne BOUCHOUX, M. Jean-Pierre CAFFET, M. Luc CARVOUNAS, M. Ronan DANTEC, Mme Annie DAVID, M. Vincent DELAHAYE, Mme Michelle DEMESSINE, Mme Josette DURRIEU, Mme Françoise FÉRAT, M. Jean-Jacques FILLEUL, M. Thierry FOUCAUD, M. Christophe-André FRASSA, M. Jean-Marc GABOUTY, M. Jean-Pierre GRAND, M. François GROSDIDIER, M. Charles GUENÉ, M. Loïc HERVÉ, M. Joël LABBÉ, M. Jean-Pierre LELEUX, M. Roger MADEC, Mme Catherine TASCA, M. Yannick VAUGRENARD, M. Jean-Pierre VIAL. _________________________________________ N° GA 145 – Mai 2017 - 3 - SOMMAIRE Pages AVANT-PROPOS .................................................................................................................... 5 OUVERTURE ........................................................................................................................... 7 Message de M. Gérard LARCHER, Président -
…De Patrimoine ? …De Guerre À La Corruption ?
…de patrimoine ? Déclaration… …de guerre à la corruption ? La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique Sous la direction de Mohamed HADDAD Tunis, juin 2018 La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique Présentation « Barr al Aman pour la recherche et les médias » est un média associatif tunisien qui vise à évaluer les politiques publiques notamment par des reportages, des interviews et des débats diffusés sur les réseaux sociaux ou sur les les ondes de la radio, mais aussi à travers des articles et rapports d’analyse. Cette organisation a été cofondée par Mohamed Haddad et Khansa Ben Tarjem à Tunis en 2015. Elle est financée par des contributions propres des membres mais aussi le soutien d’organismes internationaux comme l’organisation canadienne développement et paix, l’agence française de coopération médias – CFI et la délégation de l’Union Européenne en Tunisie. Les avis exprimés dans ce document sont ceux des auteurs et ne reflètent pas nécessairement les points de vue des partenaires techniques et financiers. Le nom de notre association « Barr al Aman » est un jeu de mots en arabe car lu rapidement, il devient « barlamane » ce qui veut dire parlement. Remerciements Merci à tous ceux qui ont contribué à ce rapport directement ou indirectement. Que ce soit pour la recherche, la saisie de données, les analyses, les relectures, corrections, traduction, conseils, etc. Merci particulièrement à BEN TARJEM Khansa, BOUHLEL Chaima, BEN YOUSSEF Mohamed Slim, CHEBAANE Imen, JAIDI Ali, ABDERRAHMANE Aymen, ALLANI Mohamed, MEZZI Rania, AROUS Hedia, BACHA Khaireddine, BENDANA KCHIR Kmar, BOUYSSY Maïté, KLAUS Enrique, TOUIHRI Aymen, SAIDANE Farouk, SILIANI Ghada, NAGUEZ Slim, NSIR Sarra, MERIAH Oussema, SBABTI Ihsen, LARBI Khalil, Pour citer ce rapport : La déclaration de patrimoine en Tunisie, évaluation d’une politique publique, Mohamed HADDAD (dir), Barr al Aman pour la recherche et les médias, Tunis, juin 2018. -
Security Sector Reform in Tunisia? What Progress Has Been Made in the Year Since the Fall of the Ben Ali Regime? What Gaps Remain, and How Best Can These
UNITeD StateS INSTITUTe of Peace www.usip.org SPeCIAL RePoRT 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Querine Hanlon The U.S. Institute of Peace Security Sector Governance Center is engaged in a funded study of the prospects for security sector reform in North Africa. In January 2012, Querine Hanlon, Daniel Brumberg, and Robert Perito traveled to Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. This report is the first in a series of Security Sector Reform country-focused reports on security sector reform in North Africa. in Tunisia ABOUT THE AUTHOR Querine Hanlon is National Defense University Senior Fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP). She is currently on A Year after the Jasmine Revolution sabbatical from her appointment as Dean of Academic Affairs at the College of International Security Affairs, National Defense University. The views expressed in this report are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views Summary of the National Defense University or of USIP, which does not • In the year since its revolution, Tunisia has achieved what no other Arab Spring country has advocate specific policy positions. managed: peaceful transition to democratic rule through national elections widely viewed to be free and fair. • The legacy of the previous regime remains, however: a complete lack of transparency, no real parliamentary or government oversight, and unchanged rules of engagement and training. • Reorienting the mandate and institutional culture of security institutions is imperative. • Most in need of reform are the police and gendarme and the Ministry of Interior. -
Economic Will Be the Test of Tunisian Exceptionalism
CIDOB • Barcelona Centre for International for Affairs Centre CIDOB • Barcelona notesISSN: 2013-4428 internacionals CIDOB 109 ECONOMICS WILL BE THE TEST OF FEBRUARY TUNISIAN EXCEPTIONALISM 2015 Francis Ghilès, Senior Research Fellow, Barcelona Centre for International Affairs The challenges Tunisia has faced over the past four years have not gone away. Economic conditions have deteriorated. Getting the country back he revolts which star- to work, rebuilding the trust of the private sector, ensuring that public An encouraging start for investment is actually made, will be the acid test of whether Tunisia can the new leaders ted four years ago double its growth rate to 5-6% over the next few years. ushered in a pe- Triod of change in the Arab All the political nous the key actors in the presidency and government Mr Essebsi enjoyed a long world which has been can muster will be required if desperately needed jobs are to be created. career in the 1970s and 1980s Failure would spell social and political strife and an eventual reschedu- more violent and chaotic ling of foreign debt would impose its own cold logic. as minister of Foreign Affairs, that most observers fore- Defence and the Interior of saw. Syria is self-destruct- The private sector accounts for a paltry 20% of total investment. Half the founder of modern Tuni- ing. Libya is disintegrat- of the budgeted public sector investment has not been made since 2011. sia, Habib Bourguiba. He is Growth has been fuelled by private consumption, sucking in imports ing. Egypt has reverted to and not investment. -
Tunisia: in Brief
Tunisia: In Brief Updated July 5, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21666 Tunisia: In Brief Summary Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy since its 2011 “Jasmine Revolution,” and has so far avoided the violent chaos and/or authoritarian resurrection seen elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa region. Tunisians adopted a new constitution in 2014 and held national elections the same year, marking the completion of a four-year transitional period. In May 2018, Tunisia held elections for newly created local government posts, a move toward political decentralization that activists and donors have long advocated. The government has also pursued gender equality reforms and enacted a law in 2017 to counter gender-based violence. Tunisians have struggled, however, to address steep economic challenges and overcome political infighting. Public opinion polls have revealed widespread anxiety about the future. Tunisia’s ability to counter terrorism appears to have improved since a string of large attacks in 2015-2016, although turmoil in neighboring Libya and the return of some Tunisian foreign fighters from Syria and Libya continue to pose threats. Militant groups also operate in Tunisia’s border regions. U.S. diplomatic contacts and aid have expanded significantly since 2011. President Trump spoke on the phone with Tunisian President Béji Caïd Essebsi soon after taking office in early 2017, and Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan visited Tunisia in November 2017. President Obama designated Tunisia a Major Non- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Ally in 2015 after meeting with President Caïd Essebsi at the White House. United States Aid for International Development opened an office in Tunis in 2014, reflecting increased bilateral economic aid allocations. -
The Initiators of the Arab Spring, Tunisia's Democratization Experience
The Initiators of the Arab Spring: Tunisia's Democratization Experience Uğur Pektaş Tunisia is seen as the birthplace of the Arab Spring, which is described as pro-democracy popular protests aimed at eliminating authoritarian governments in various Arab countries. The protests in Tunisia, which started with Mohamed Bouazizi's burning on December 17, 2010, ended without causing violence with the effect of Zine el Abidine Ben Ali’s departure from the country on January 14th. With its relatively low level of violence, Tunisia achieved the most successful outcome among the countries where the Arab Spring protests took place. In the decade after the authoritarian leader Ben Ali fled the country, significant progress has been made on the way to democracy in Tunisia. However, it can be said that the country's transition to democracy is still in limbo. Although 10 years have passed, Tunisians barely gained some political rights, but a backward economy and deterioration of the political fabric prevented these protests from reaching their goals. In the last 10 years, protesters took to the streets from time to time. If we take a general look at what happened in Tunisia in the last decade, it may be easier to understand the situation in question. An emergency was declared on January 14, 2011, following ongoing street protests. It has been announced that the government has dissolved and that general elections will be held within six months. Even this development did not end the protests and Ben Ali left the country. Fouad Mebazaa, the former spokesperson of the lower wing of the Tunisian Assembly, became the temporary president.