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Molten Salts : Volume 1, Electrical Conductance, Density, and Viscosity

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Molten Salts : Volume 1, Electrical Conductance, Density, and Viscosity $ ! i v i A111D2 14bD5b NAT'L INST OF A111021 46056 * : :-• >. f. 5 i >2 > * i I v : : J, ; ; t i r t » * ? w &? * f 4 ?i ? >t»t wm W «il NBS PUBLICATIONS :• •• s r. • ? f ? ? •/? . ; f rrx: •:sn>ri r in; t 5 n * f\ p - ujuirxs) •«»': ts xrnm'ivtj: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE C. R. Smith, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director U Molten Salts: Volume 1, Electrical Conductance, Density, and Viscosity Data G. J. Janz,* F. W. Dampier,* G. R. Lakshminarayanan,* P. K. Lorenz,* and R. P. T. Tomkins* *This report was prepared under contract at the Molten Salts Data Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12180 NSRDS-NBS 15 National Standard Reference Data Series- National Bureau of Standards 15 Issued October 1968 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price S3. 00 National NOV 2 9 1968 142552 Q1IOO \)^i No - /i> 6 / Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 68-60051 Foreword The National Standard Reference Data System is a Government-wide effort to provide for the technical community of the United States effective access to the quantitative data of physical science, critically evaluated and compiled for convenience, and readily accessible through a variety of distribution channels. The System was established in 1963 by action of the President’s Office of Science and Technology and the Federal Council for Science and Technology. The responsibility to administer the System was assigned to the National Bureau of Standards and an Office of Standard Reference Data was set up at the Bureau for this purpose. Since 1963, this Office has developed systematic plans for meeting high-priority needs for reliable reference data. It has undertaken to coordinate and integrate existing data evaluation and compilation activities (primarily those under sponsorship of Federal agencies) into a comprehensive program, supplementing and expanding technical coverage when necessary, establishing and maintaining standards for the output of the participating groups, and providing mechanisms for the dissemina- tion of the output as required. The System now comprises a complex of data centers and other activities, carried on in Gov- ernment agencies, academic institutions, and nongovernmental laboratories. The independent operational status of existing critical data projects is maintained and encouraged. Data centers that are components of the NSRDS produce compilations of critically evaluated data, critical re- views of the state of quantitative knowledge in specialized areas, and computations of useful functions derived from standard reference data. In addition, the centers and projects establish criteria for evaluation and compilation of data and make recommendations on needed modifications or extensions of experimental techniques. Data publications of the NSRDS take a variety of physical forms, including books, pamphlets, loose-leaf sheets and computer tapes. While most of the compilations have been issued by the Government Printing Office, several have appeared in scientific journals. Under some circum- stances, private publishing houses are regarded as appropriate primary dissemination mechanisms. The technical scope of the NSRDS is indicated by the principal categories of data compilation projects now active or being planned: nuclear properties, atomic and molecular properties, solid state properties, thermodynamic and transport properties, chemical kinetics, colloid and surface properties, and mechanical properties. An important aspect of the NSRDS is the advice and planning assistance which the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering provides. These services are organized under an overall Review Committee which considers the program as a whole and makes recommendations on policy, long-term planning, and international collaboration. Advisory Panels, each concerned with a single technical area, meet regularly to examine major portions of the program, assign relative priorities, and identify specific key problems in need of further attention. For selected specific topics, the Advisory Panels sponsor subpanels which make detailed studies of users’ needs, the present state of knowledge, and existing data resources as a basis for recommending one or more data compilation activities. This assembly of advisory services contributed greatly to the guidance of NSRDS activities. The NSRDS-NBS series of publications is intended primarily to include evaluated reference data and critical reviews of long-term interest to the scientific and technical community. A. V. Astin, Director hi Preface This work was undertaken to meet the need for a critical assessment of the existing data for electrical conductance, density and viscosity of inorganic compounds in the molten state. The scope embraces the publications in the scientific literature to the current date (December, 1966): while care was taken to be comprehensive, it is clear that there will be omissions and that the task is therefore one to be continued and extended. The results for some 174 compounds as single-salt melts are reported: no attempt was made in the present effort to embrace the results for molten salt mixtures. With the exception of quater- nary ammonium salts, an anion classification has been used for the presentation of the data: i.e.. Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides, Carbonates, Nitrites, Nitrates, Oxides, Sulfides, Sulfates, and Miscellaneous. The authors will be pleased to have additional studies directed to their attention. Acknowledgments This work was made possible in large part by financial support received from the Office of Standard Reference Data, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., for the compilation and critical evaluation of published literature in the general field of molten salts. The participation of A. T. Ward and R. D. Reeves in the first stages of this work, and the assistance of A. G. Timidei, and C. G. M. Dijkhuis in the preparation of the final copy are acknowledged with pleasure. IV Contents Page Page Foreword iii Cesium bromide 15 Preface iv Magnesium bromide 15 Acknowledgments iv Calcium bromide 15 1. Introduction Strontium bromide 15 2. Symbols and units Barium bromide 16 .3. Preparation of tables 1 Lanthanum (III) bromide 16 4. Estimation of uncertainty 2 Praseodymium (III) bromide 16 5. Discussion 2 Neodymium (III) bromide 16 Lithium fluoride 2 Gadolinium (III) bromide 16 Sodium fluoride 3 Copper (I) bromide 16 Potassium fluoride 3 Silver bromide 16 Cesium fluoride 3 Zinc bromide 17 Beryllium fluoride 3 Cadmium bromide 17 Magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, strontium Mercury (II) bromide 17 fluoride, barium fluoride, lanthanum (II) fluoride, Aluminum bromide 18 and cerium (III) fluoride 4 Indium (III) bromide 18 Thorium (IV) fluoride and uranium (IV) fluoride 4 Thallium (I) bromide 18 Manganese fluoride, copper (II) fluoride, silver Lead (II) bromide 18 fluoride, zinc fluoride, and lead fluoride 4 Bismuth (III) bromide 18 Lithium chloride 4 Lithium iodide 19 Sodium chloride 4 Sodium iodide 19 Potassium chloride 5 Potassium iodide 19 Rubidium chloride 6 Rubidium iodide 20 Cesium chloride 6 Cesium iodide 20 Beryllium chloride 6 Magnesium iodide 20 Magnesium chloride 6 Calcium iodide 20 Calcium chloride 7 Strontium' iodide 20 Strontium chloride 7 Barium iodide 21 Barium chloride 7 Aluminum (III) iodide 21 Scandium (III) chloride 8 Lanthanum (III) iodide, cerium (III) iodide, prase- Yttrium (III) chloride 8 odymium (III) iodide, and neodymium (111) Lanthanum (III) chloride 8 iodide 21 Cerium (III) chloride 8 Silver iodide 21 Praseodymium (III) chloride 8 Zinc iodide 21 Neodymium (III) chloride 9 Cadmium iodide 22 Gadolinium (III) chloride 9 Mercury (II) iodide 22 Dysprosium (II) chloride, holmium (III) chloride, Gallium (II) iodide 22 and erbium (III) chloride 9 Indium (III) iodide 22 Thorium (IV) chloride 9 Thallium (I) iodide 23 Uranium (IV) chloride 9 Lead (II) iodide 23 Manganese (II) chloride 9 Bismuth (III) iodide 23 Titanium (IV) chloride 9 Lithium carbonate 23 Copper (I) chloride 9 Sodium carbonate 23 Silver chloride 10 Potassium carbonate 23 Zinc chloride 10 Lithium nitrite 24 Cadmium chloride 11 Sodium nitrite 24 Mercury (I) chloride 11 Potassium nitrite 24 Mercury (II) chloride 11 Rubidium nitrite 25 Alumium (III) chloride 11 Cesium nitrite 25 Gallium (III) chloride 12 Barium nitrite 25 Indium chloride 12 Lithium nitrate 25 Indium (II) chloride 12 Sodium nitrate 25 Indium (III) chloride 12 Potassium nitrate 26 Thallium (I) chloride 12 Rubidium nitrate 27 Tin (II) chloride 12 Cesium nitrate 28 Tin (IV) chloride 13 Silver nitrate 28 Lead (II) chloride 13 Thallium (I) nitrate . 28 Bismuth (III) chloride 13 Vanadium pentoxide and chromium trioxide.. 29 Tellurium (II) chloride 13 Molybdenum trioxide 29 Tellurium (IV) chloride 13 Wiistite (Feo. 9sO) 29 Lithium bromide 14 Boron oxide 29 Sodium bromide 14 Silicon dioxide 29 Potassium bromide 14 Germanium dioxide 30 Rubidium bromide 15 Lead oxide 30 V Page Page Arsenic trioxide 30 Potassium molybdate 35 Antimony sesquioxide, bismuth sesquioxide, and Sodium tungstate 35 tellurium dioxide 30 Potassium tungstate 35 Iron (II) sulfide 30 Sodium thiocyanate' 35 Cobalt (II) sulfide 30 Potassium thiocyanate 35 Nickel (II) sulfide 31 Sodium hydroxide 36 Copper (I) sulfide 31 Potassium hydroxide 36 Silver sulfide 31 Potassium dichromate 36 Germanium (II) sulfide 31 Sodium metaphosphate 36 Uranyl chloride Tin (II) sulfide 31 36 Lithium hydride Lead
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