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Winter 2007 Gems & Gemology

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Winter 2007 Gems & Gemology G EMS & G VOLUME XLIII WINTER 2007 EMOLOGY CVD Synthetic Diamonds Canary Tourmaline W Fluorescence Spectroscopy INTER Napoleon Necklace 2007 P AGES 291–408 V OLUME 43 N O. 4 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA ® Winter 2007 VOLUME 43, NO. 4 291 LETTERS ________ FEATURE ARTICLES _____________ 294 Latest-Generation CVD-Grown Synthetic Diamonds from Apollo Diamond Inc. Wuyi Wang, Matthew S. Hall, Kyaw Soe Moe, Joshua Tower, and Thomas M. Moses Presents the gemological and spectroscopic properties of Apollo’s latest products, which show significant improvements in size, color, and clarity. 314 Yellow Mn-rich Tourmaline from the Canary Mining Area, Zambia pg. 295 Carat Points Brendan M. Laurs, William B. Simmons, George R. Rossman, Eric A. Fritz, John I. Koivula, Björn Anckar, and Alexander U. Falster Explores the vivid “canary” yellow elbaite from the Lundazi District of eastern Zambia, the most important source of this tourmaline. 332 Fluorescence Spectra of Colored Diamonds Using a Rapid, Mobile Spectrometer Sally Eaton-Magaña, Jeffrey E. Post, Peter J. Heaney, Roy A. Walters, Christopher M. Breeding, and James E. Butler Reports on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize colored diamonds from the Aurora Butterfly and other collections. NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES ________ 352 An Examination of the Napoleon Diamond Necklace Eloïse Gaillou and Jeffrey E. Post pg. 329 Provides a history and gemological characterization of this historic necklace. REGULAR FEATURES _____________________ 358 Lab Notes Apatite in spessartine • Atypical photoluminescence feature in a type IIa diamond • Diamond with “holiday” inclusions • Diamond with large etch channels containing iron sulfides • Black diamond with an oriented etch channel • The pareidolia of diamonds • Notable emerald carving • Gold coated onyx • Double-star sapphire • Imitation turquoise 366 Gem News International Record auction prices for diamonds • Namibian diamond mining pg. 360 • Double jeopardy in amber • Andradite from Namibia • Andradite from Pakistan • Axinite from Tanzania • Baddeleyite from Mogok, Myanmar • Chrysocolla chalcedony from Iran/Armenia area • Clinohumite and chondrodite from Tanzania • Transparent dumortierite and sapphirine from Tanzania • Brazilian blue “opal” • Otolith pendant • Inclusions in quartz from Paraíba, Brazil • Sinhalite from Myanmar • Cu-bearing tourmaline mines in Mozambique • New Cu-bearing tourmaline from Nigeria • Synthetic beryl simulating “Paraíba” tourmaline • YAG with a “reverse” color change • Conference reports 392 Book Reviews 395 Gemological Abstracts 401 2007 Subject and Author Index pg. 383 ® EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Lab Notes STAFF Alice S. Keller Brendan M. Laurs Thomas M. Moses [email protected] The Robert Mouawad Campus Shane F. McClure 5345 Armada Drive Managing Editor Carlsbad, CA 92008 Editor, Gem News International Thomas W. Overton (760) 603-4503 Brendan M. Laurs [email protected] [email protected] Technical Editor Editors, Book Reviews Associate Editor Sally Magaña Susan B. Johnson Stuart Overlin [email protected] Jana E. Miyahira-Smith [email protected] Thomas W. Overton Consulting Editor Circulation Coordinator Carol M. Stockton Debbie Ortiz Editors, Gemological Abstracts Contributing Editor (760) 603-4000, ext. 7142 Brendan M. Laurs James E. Shigley [email protected] Thomas W. Overton PRODUCTION Art Director Production Assistant Website: STAFF Karen Myers Allison DeLong www.gia.edu EDITORIAL Shigeru Akamatsu Jaroslav Hyr`´sl Thomas M. Moses REVIEW BOARD Tokyo, Japan Prague, Czech Republic New York, New York Edward W. Boehm A. J. A. (Bram) Janse Mark Newton Solana Beach, California Perth, Australia Coventry, United Kingdom James E. Butler Alan Jobbins George Rossman Washington, DC Caterham, United Kingdom Pasadena, California Alan T. Collins Mary L. Johnson Kenneth Scarratt London, United Kingdom San Diego, California Bangkok, Thailand John Emmett Anthony R. Kampf James E. Shigley Brush Prairie, Washington Los Angeles, California Carlsbad, California Emmanuel Fritsch Robert E. Kane Christopher P. Smith Nantes, France Helena, Montana New York, New York Henry A. Hänni Lore Kiefert Christopher M. Welbourn Basel, Switzerland New York, New York Reading, United Kingdom Subscriptions to addresses in the U.S. are priced as follows: $74.95 for one year (4 issues), $194.95 for three years (12 issues). SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions sent elsewhere are $85.00 for one year, $225.00 for three years. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Special rates are available for GIA alumni and current GIA students. One year: $64.95 to addresses in the U.S., $75.00 else- where; three years: $179.95 to addresses in the U.S., $210.00 elsewhere. Please have your student or Alumni number ready when ordering. Go to www.gia.edu or contact the Circulation Coordinator (see above). Single copies of this issue (print or PDF) may be purchased for $19.00 in the U.S., $22.00 elsewhere. Discounts are given for bulk orders of 10 or more copies of any one issue. A limited number of back issues are also available for purchase. Please address all inquiries regarding subscriptions and single copy or back issue purchases to the Circulation Coordinator or visit www.gia.edu. To obtain a Japanese translation of Gems & Gemology, contact GIA Japan, Okachimachi Cy Bldg., 5-15-14 Ueno, Taitoku, Tokyo 110, Japan. Our Canadian goods and service registration number is 126142892RT. DATABASE Gems & Gemology’s impact factor is 1.381 (ranking 11th out of the 26 journals in the Mineralogy category), according to COVERAGE Thomson Scientific’s 2006 Journal Citation Reports (issued July 2007). Full-text electronic (PDF) versions of Gems & Gemology issues from Spring 2005 to the present are available through EBSCO. Gems & Gemology is abstracted in Thomson Scientific products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases. For a complete list, see www.gia.edu/gemsandgemology. MANUSCRIPT Gems & Gemology welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Guidelines for Authors on our SUBMISSIONS Website, or contact the Managing Editor. Letters on articles published in Gems & Gemology are also welcome. COPYRIGHT Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. AND REPRINT Copying of the photographs by any means other than traditional photocopying techniques (Xerox, etc.) is prohibited without the PERMISSIONS express permission of the photographer (where listed) or author of the article in which the photo appears (where no photographer is listed). For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the Managing Editor. Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Postmaster: Return undeliverable copies of Gems & Gemology to GIA, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be the opinions of the authors and not of the publisher. ABOUT THE The Napoleon Necklace was presented by Napoleon Bonaparte to his second wife, Empress Marie-Louise, in 1811 to celebrate COVER the birth of their son. In this issue, the article by Drs. Eloïse Gaillou and Jeffrey Post presents gemological data on a selection of diamonds from this notable jewel. Necklace courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; photo © Harold & Erica Van Pelt. Painting of Marie-Louise by Giovan Battista Borghesi, courtesy of Scala/Art Resource, New York. Color separations for Gems & Gemology are by Pacific Plus, Carlsbad, California. Printing is by Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. © 2007 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved. ISSN 0016-626X Letters G&G IN THE BUSH So there I am, out in the middle of the Tanzanian bush at Tunduru, spitting distance from Mozam- bique, on the Muhuwesi River. I’m haggling over a parcel of sapphire with a miner named Joseph. He reaches into his bag and pulls out one of the most dog-eared documents I’ve ever laid eyes on (figure 1). It’s one of his most treasured possessions. I thought you and your readers might get a kick out of this photo. Richard W. Hughes Fallbrook, CA REPLY The G&G editors indeed enjoyed the photo, and we would dearly like to replace Mr. Mayunga’s tattered issue. Any G&G readers who plan to travel to the Figure 1. Tanzanian miner Joseph Mayunga, who lives along the eastern side of the Muhuwesi River area in the near future should contact us so that we near Mining Area number 8, displays a weathered can send a replacement (and a copy of this issue) for copy of the Winter 1996 Gems & Gemology. He was him. given the issue by a Sri Lankan gem dealer in thanks after closing a large deal for chrysoberyl rough. Photo by R. W. Hughes. MORE ON COATED COLORED DIAMONDS Although the Spring 2007 article by A. H. Shen et al., In the case of the yellow color treatment, the “Serenity coated colored diamonds: Detection and authors noted the presence of the N2 center in natural durability,” imparted a vast amount of technical infor- yellows and the implied absence in treated yellows mation, I believe it also omitted important elements
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