DOCSLIB.ORG

Zonation in Tourmaline from Granitic Pegmatites & the Occurrence of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Aluminum and Boron in Tourmaline

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zonation in Tourmaline from Granitic Pegmatites & the Occurrence of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Aluminum and Boron in Tourmaline ZONATION IN TOURMALINE FROM GRANITIC PEGMATITES & THE OCCURRENCE OF TETRAHEDRALLY COORDINATED ALUMINUM AND BORON IN TOURMALINE by Aaron J. Lussier A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Geological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2011 by Aaron J. Lussier Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-79264-3 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-79264-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ABSTRACT [1] Four specimens of zoned tourmaline from granitic pegmatites are characterised in detail, each having unusual compositional and/or morphologic features: (1) a crystal from Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, showing a central pink zone of elbaite mantled by a thin rim of green liddicoatite; (2) a large (~25 cm) slab of Madagascar liddicoatite cut along (001) showing complex patterns of oscillatory zoning; and (3) a wheatsheaf and (4) a mushroom elbaite from Mogok, Myanmar, both showing extensive bifurcation of fibrous crystals originating from a central core crystal, and showing pronounced discontinuous colour zoning. Crystal chemistry and crystal structure of these samples are characterised by SREF, EMPA, and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopies. For each sample, compositional change, as a function of crystal growth, is characterised by EMPA traverses, and the total chemical variation is reduced to a series of linear substitution mechanisms. Of particular interest are substitutions accommodating the variation in [4]B: (1) TB + YAl ↔ TSi + Y(Fe, Mn)2+, where T Y T Y transition metals are present, and (2) B2 + Al ↔ Si2 + Li, where transition metals are absent. Integration of all data sets delineates constraints on melt evolution and crystal growth mechanisms. [2] Uncertainty has surrounded the occurrence of [4]Al and [4]B at the T-site in tourmaline, because B is difficult to quantify by EMPA and Al is typically assigned to the octahedral Y- and Z-sites. Although both [4]Al and [4]B have been shown to occur in natural tourmalines, it is not currently known how common these substituents are. Using 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, the presence of i [4]B and [4]Al is determined in fifty inclusion-free tourmalines of low transition- metal content with compositions corresponding to five different species. Chemical shifts of [4]B and [3]B in 11B spectra, and [4]Al and [6]Al in 27Al spectra, are well-resolved, allowing detection of very small (< ~0.1 apfu) amounts of T-site constituents. Results show that contents of 0.0 < [4]B, [4]Al < 0.5 apfu are common in tourmalines containing low amounts of paramagnetic species, and that all combinations of Si, Al and B occur in natural tourmalines. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my most sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Frank C. Hawthorne for granting me the opportunity to participate in the research that I have so- enjoyed, and for sharing his enthusiasm and insight into all things mineralogic and crystallographic. I would also like to express my appreciation to the members of my advisory committee: Drs. Norman M. Halden, Scott Kroeker, Elena Sokolova, and Mario Bieringer for their insightful comments over the past years; and to Dr. Lee A. Groat for agreeing to act as external examiner. I am very grateful to the members of the technical, research and support staff in the Department of Geological Sciences: Mr. M. A. Copper, Mr. N. Ball, Dr. Y. Abdu, Dr. P. Yang, Dr. R. Shidu, Mr. R. Chapman, Mr. S. Meijia, Dr. M. Schindler, Ms. D. Danyluk, Ms. Brenda Miller. I am particularly grateful to Mr. M. Cooper and Dr. M. Schindler for the many helpful conversations over the past years, and to Sasha Herwig for assistance with data X-ray data collection. I also thank C. Francis at the Mineralogical Museum at Harvard University for donating the Madagascar liddicoatite. I appreciate the collaborative support received from the MAS NMR lab in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Manitoba: Drs. S. Kroeker, P. M. Aguiar, and V. K. Michaelis. I also wish to thank Drs. R. C. Ewing and J. Zhang at the University of Michigan for access to, and assistance with, the TEM. I acknowledge financial support to me from: (1) the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada in the form of a PGS-D; (2) the University of Manitoba in the form of a Graduate Fellowship Award; and (3) The Province of Manitoba in the form of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship. I express great thanks to my wife, Kathryn Sexton, my mother, Eileen Lussier, and my father, Mark Lussier for their understanding, support, and patience over the years. iii For Kathy & Mom & Dad iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ………………………..………………………………………………… i Acknowledgements ………….………………………………………………… iii Dedication …………………….………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents …………….………………………………………………… v List of Tables …………………..………………………………………………… xv List of Figures ………….…….………………………………………………… xvii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Tourmaline: towards a robust petrogenetic tool. …………………… 1 1.2 General formula and crystal structure ……………………………… 2 1.2.1 Space-group symmetry …………………………………….. 6 1.3 Tourmaline nomenclature and classification ……………………… 6 1.3.1 Tourmaline groups …………………………….…………… 7 1.3.2 Tourmaline species …………………………….…………… 9 1.3.3 Tourmaline classification …………………………………… 9 1.4 Selected physical properties of tourmaline ……………………… 16 1.4.1 Crystal form and habit …………………………………… 16 1.5 Selected optical properties of tourmaline ………………………… 17 1.5.1 Colour and colour zoning …………………..…………… 18 1.5.2 Important causes of colour …………………………… 19 v 1.6 Solid solutions in tourmaline ………………………………………… 20 1.7 Contribution of this work …………………………………………… 20 1.7.1 Review of tourmaline crystal chemistry ……………………. 20 1.7.2 Crystal chemistry of the T-site ……………………………… 21 1.7.3 Compositional zoning in tourmalines from granitic pegmatites …………………………….…………… 22 1.7.4 Note about publications ……………………………………… 23 CHAPTER 2 CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 2.1 Introduction ………………………………….……………………… 24 2.2 Site populations and polyhedron geometry ……………………..… 25 2.2.1 The Z-site ………………………..………………………..… 26 2.2.1.1 Variation in <Y,Z-Φ> .......................………………… 29 2.2.1.2 Variation in <Z-Φ> …...................................………… 30 2.2.2 The Y-site ………………………………………………………. 34 2.2.2.1 Variation in <Y-Φ> …................................................… 35 2.2.2.2 Cation disorder between Y- and Z-octahedra ………… 40 2.2.2.3 Y-site vacancies ……………………………………….… 43 2.2.3 The T-site …………………………………………………….… 44 2.2.3.1 Variation in <T-O> …………….................................… 45 2.2.3.2. Fe3+ and the T-site …………………………………….. 47 2.2.4 The X-site ……………………………………………………..… 48 vi 2.2.4.1 Variation in <X-O> …………………………..…………… 48 2.2.5 The B-site …………………………………………………… 51 2.2.6 The O(1)-site ………………………………………..………... 51 2.2.6.1 The occurrence of F at O(1) ………………………….… 52 2.2.7 The O(3)-site ………………………………….………………… 53 2.3 Implications of short-range order around the O(1)-site ..………… 53 2.3.1 Bond-valence requirements at the O(1) site ………………………………………………..… 54 2.3.2 The stability of short-range clusters ………..……………… 54 2.3.1 O2- at the W-site: a cause of Y-Z disorder in tourmaline ………………………………………… 55 2.4 Short-range order around the O(3)-site ……………………… 56 CHAPTER 3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF TOURMALINE SAMPLES OF THIS WORK 3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 58 3.2 Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from the Anjanabonoina Pegmatite, Madagascar …………………………………………………………… 58 3.2.1 Sample description ………………………………..………..… 58 3.2.2 Provenance ……………………………………….…………… 62 3.3 Mushroom and wheatsheaf tourmalines from Mogok, Myanmar ……………………………………………….. 63 3.3.1 Mushroom tourmaline: sample description ……..…………
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WO 2017/106925 Al 29 June 2017 (29.06.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/106925 Al 29 June 2017 (29.06.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, C22B 26/12 (2006.01) C22B 3/06 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, (21) International Application Number: KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, PCT/AU20 16/05 1278 MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, (22) International Filing Date: NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, 22 December 2016 (22. 12.2016) RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, (25) Filing Language: English ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 20159053 17 22 December 201 5 (22. 12.2015) AU GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 2016900774 2 March 2016 (02.03.2016) AU TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (72) Inventor; and DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicant : HUNWICK, Richard [AU/AU]; 59 Abing LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, don Road, Roseville, New South Wales 2069 (AU).
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Triadius-Like N4 Specie of Iron Nitride Compounds Under High
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Novel triadius-like N4 specie of iron nitride compounds under high pressure Received: 11 May 2018 Yuanzheng Chen1, Xinyong Cai1, Hongyan Wang1, Hongbo Wang2 & Hui Wang2 Accepted: 2 July 2018 Various nitrogen species in nitrides are fascinating since they often appear with these nitride as Published: xx xx xxxx superconductors, hard materials, and high-energy density. As a typical complex, though iron nitride has been intensively studied, nitrogen species in the iron–nitrogen (Fe-N) compounds only have been confned to single atom (N) or molecule nitrogen (N2). Using a structure search method based on the CALYPSO methodology, unexpectedly, we here revealed two new stable high pressure (HP) states at 1:2 and 1:4 compositions with striking nitrogen species. The results show that the proposed FeN2 stabilizes by a break up of molecule N2 into a novel planar N4 unit (P63/mcm, >228 GPa) while FeN4 stabilizes by a infnite 1D linear nitrogen chains N∞ (P-1, >50 GPa; Cmmm, >250 GPa). In the intriguing N4 specie of P63/mcm-FeN2, we fnd that it possesses three equal N = N covalent bonds and forms a perfect triadius-like confguration being never reported before. This uniqueness gives rise to a set of remarkable properties for the crystal phase: it is identifed to have a good mechanical property and a potential for phonon-mediated superconductivity with a Tc of 4–8 K. This discovery puts the Fe-N system into a new class of desirable materials combining advanced mechanical properties and superconductivity. Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere and is one of the least studied elements regarding the composition of the Earth1.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES viii ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Research Objectives and Organization of the Dissertation 2 CHAPTER 2 ALKLI SILICA REACTION AND RECYCLED CONCRETE 4 AGGREGATE 2.1 Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) 4 2.1.1 ASR essentials 4 2.1.2 ASR mechanisms 5 2.1.3 ASR test methods review 7 2.1.4 Potential mitigation methods 9 2.2 Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) 11 2.2.1 Recycled aggregate preview 11 2.2.2 RCA with ASR distress 13 2.2.3 RCA alkali contribution and alkali leaching 17 CHAPTER 3 PORE SOLUTION 19 3.1 Pore solution extraction 19 3.1.1 Instrumental introduction and description 19 3.1.2 Sample preparation 24 3.1.3 Extraction method and load scheme 25 3.2 Pore Solution Chemical Analysis 27 3.2.1 Alkali evolution process in pore solution 27 3.2.2 Pore solution test schemes and methods 29 3.2.3 Test results and analysis 32 iv CHAPTER 4 RCA ASR MITIGATION USING MINERAL ADMIXTURES 35 4.1 Fly Ash Mitigation 35 4.1.1 Fly ash as a concrete admixture 35 4.1.2 Mortar bar expansion test 38 4.1.3 Expansion results and comparison 42 4.1.4 Pore solution analysis 45 4.1.5 Mitigation mechanism analysis 49 4.2 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) Mitigation 54 4.2.1 Slag production and use in concrete 54 4.2.2 Expansion test results and comparison 55 4.2.3 Pore solution analysis and TGA 57 4.3 Silica Fume Mitigation 59 4.3.1 Expansion results and comparison 60 4.3.2 Pore solution analysis and TGA 65 4.3.3 Particle size issue 66 4.4
    [Show full text]
  • Povondraite. a Redefinition of the Tourmaline Ferridravite Jonr, D
    American Mineralogist, Volume 78, pages 433-436, 1993 Povondraite. a redefinition of the tourmaline ferridravite Jonr, D. Gnrcn, T. Scorr Encrr Mineral SciencesSection, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada FnaNx C. HlwrHoRNE Department of Geological Sciences,University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Assrnlcr Povondraite, previously the tourmaline ferridravite, is redefined. It is rhombohedral, R3m, with a: 16.186(2)and c:7.444\l) A. fne new chemicalformula, derived by crystal structure analysis, is (NaoroKo ru),, ou (Fel.jrFeS j,Mgo rr)",o, (FeljrMg, .uAlo.r)r,nr- B.Si5e6O2,88(OH)r,,and the ideal end-memberformula is NaFel*Fel+(BO.).(SiuO,')- (o,oH)4. INrnooucrroN nm). Thesevalues are greaterthan those given by Walen- (1979). During the investigation of a seriesof tourmaline crys- ta and Dunn model tal structureswith varying contents of Fe and Mg (Grice Povondraitewas chemicallyanalyzed using a Jeol and Ercit, 1990, 1993) the "ferridravite" structurewas 733 electronmicroprobe. Wavelength-dispersionanaly- 15 kV, refined. It was discovered that the formula proposed by sesused an operatingvoltage of a beam current Walenta and Dunn (1979) for the speciesferridravite was of 25 nA measuredwith a Faradaycup, and a beam di- pm. were incorrect. They adopted the standard schemefor assign- ameter of l0 The following standards used: gehlenite(Al), (Si, ment of cationsto the X, Y, and Z sites,i.e., with Fert synthetic almandine Mg), synthetic (Fe),microcline (K), amphibole (Na), VP,O, and Al3* assignedto the Z site and Mg2* and Fe2+to the fayalite sodic (V), (Ti). were Y site, yielding the empirical formula (NaoroKoro)- and titanite The elementsF, Mn, and Ca sought but not detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluor-Tsilaisite, Namn3al6(Si6o18)(BO3)
    Mineralogical Magazine, February 2015, Vol. 79(1), pp. 89–101 Fluor-tsilaisite, NaMn3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, a new tourmaline from San Piero in Campo (Elba, Italy) and new data on tsilaisitic tourmaline from the holotype specimen locality 1,2, 1,2 3 3 FERDINANDO BOSI *, GIOVANNI B. ANDREOZZI ,GIOVANNA AGROSI` AND EUGENIO SCANDALE 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universita` di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy 2 CNR- Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, VOS Roma, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Universita` di Bari - Campus, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy [Received 30 April 2014; Accepted 10 July 2014; Associate Editor: S. Krivovichev] ABSTRACT Fluor-tsilaisite, NaMn3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F, is a new mineral of the tourmaline supergroup. It occurs in an aplitic dyke of a LCT-type pegmatite body from Grotta d’Oggi, San Piero in Campo, Elba Island, Italy, in association with quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, elbaite, schorl, fluor-elbaite and tsilaisite. Crystals are greenish yellow with a vitreous lustre, sub-conchoidal fracture and white streak. Fluor-tsilaisite has a Mohs hardness of ~7 and a calculated density of 3.134 g/cm3. In plane-polarized light, fluor-tsilaisite is pleochroic (O = pale greenish yellow and E = very pale greenish yellow), uniaxial negative. Fluor-tsilaisite is rhombohedral, space group R3m, a = 15.9398(6), c = 7.1363(3) A˚ , V = 1570.25(11) A˚ 3, Z = 3. The crystal structure of fluor-tsilaisite was refined to R1 = 3.36% using 3496 unique reflections collected with MoKa X-ray intensity data.
    [Show full text]
  • Detrital Tourmaline As an Indicator of Provenance
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2003 Detrital tourmaline as an indicator of provenance: a chemical and sedimentological study of modern sands from the Black Hills, South Dakota David Brent Viator Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Viator, David Brent, "Detrital tourmaline as an indicator of provenance: a chemical and sedimentological study of modern sands from the Black Hills, South Dakota" (2003). LSU Master's Theses. 1520. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1520 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DETRITAL TOURMALINE AS AN INDICATOR OF PROVENANCE: A CHEMICAL AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDY OF MODERN SANDS FROM THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by David Brent Viator B.S., Louisiana State University, 1999 August, 2003 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first thank my major advisor, Dr. Darrell Henry, whose guidance has benefited me throughout my undergraduate and graduate studies. His patient mentoring has carried me from my undergraduate senior project through my graduate thesis. His contribution to my development as a geologist cannot be underestimated, and his efforts are greatly appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Mg, Fe)Si2o6 (Mg, Fe) Sio4
    INTERNAL GEODYNAMICS (ENDOGENOUS PROCESSES OF THE EARTH) İÇ JEODİNAMİK (DÜNYANIN ENDOJEN OLAYLARI) A. M. C. Şengör İTÜ Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü 2005 Kış yarıyılı Lesson 4: The Minerals and Rocks of the Earth Part IIIa: The minerals- special mineralogy Because minerals show much greater variability in terms of their chemical composition than in terms of their crystal structure, it has been customary to classify them primarily according to chemical composition. The following classes have been recognised on the basis of the dominant anion or groups of anions: 1. Native elements 2. Sulfides Of all these classes of minerals only 3. Sulfosalts the silicates and the carbonates are 4. Oxides really important as rock-makers. All 5. Halides other minerals occur only as small 6. Carbonates contributors to the building of the 7. Nitrates earth’s crust or mantle. Only in the 8. Borates core, Fe-alloys assume a critical rôle. 9. Phosphates 10. Sulfates Let us remember the contribution of 11. Tungstates various minerals to the make-up of 12. Silicates the earth’s crust: The composition of the earth’s crust (after Ronov and Yaroshevsky, 1969; from Klein, 2002) The crust makes up about 0.03839 of the total earth mass Important message: The silicates are the most important minerals for our understanding of by far most of the geological phenomena. Of the silicates, the feldspars are the most important minerals for our understanding of the earth’s crust (both continental and oceanic). Therefore we must know them well. Some important feldspar references for this class: Janecke, S. U. and Evans, J.
    [Show full text]
  • 3O, a New Mineral from the Tourmaline Supergroup
    American Mineralogist, Volume 98, pages 1886–1892, 2013 Darrellhenryite, Na(LiAl2)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O, a new mineral from the tourmaline supergroup MILAN NOVÁK1,*, ANDREAS ERTL2, PAVEL POVONDRA3, MICHAELA Vašinová GALIOVÁ4,5, GEORGE R. ROSSMAN6, HELMUT PRISTACZ2, MARKUS PREM2, GERALD GIESTER2, PETR GADAS1 1 AND RADEK šKODA 1Department of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 2Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Geozentrum, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Wien, Austria 3Department of Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Natural Resources, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic 4Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 5Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic 6Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125-2500, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Darrellhenryite, Na(LiAl2)Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)3O, a new member of the tourmaline supergroup (related to the alkali-subgroup 4), is a new Li-bearing tourmaline species, which is closely related to Y W Y W elbaite through the substitution Al0.5O1Li –0.5(OH)–1. It occurs in a complex (Li-bearing) petalite-subtype pegmatite with common lepidolite, Li-bearing tourmalines, and amblygonite at Nová Ves near Český Krumlov, southern Bohemia, Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. This zoned pegmatite dike cross-cuts a serpentinite body enclosed in leucocratic granulites. Pink darrellhenryite forms columnar crystals (sometimes in parallel arrangement) up to 3 cm long and up 2 cm thick, associated with albite (var. cleavelandite), minor quartz, K-feldspar, petalite, rare polylithionite, and locally rare pollucite.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2014/138933 Al 18 September 2014 (18.09.2014) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/138933 Al 18 September 2014 (18.09.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: Jersey 08873 (US). LANGEVIN, Marie-Eve; 20 Worlds C25B 1/16 (2006.01) C25B 9/00 (2006.01) Fair Dr., Somerset, New Jersey 08873 (US). BOW 61/46 (2006.01) (74) Agent: BERESKIN & PARR LLP/S.E.N.C.R.L., S.R.L.; (21) International Application Number: 40th Floor, 40 King Street West, Scotia Plaza, Toronto, PCT/CA20 14/000264 Ontario M5H 3Y2 (CA). (22) International Filing Date: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 17 March 2014 (17.03.2014) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (25) Filing Language: English BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (26) Publication Language: English DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (30) Priority Data: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 61/788,292 15 March 2013 (15.03.2013) US MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (71) Applicant: NEMASKA LITHIUM INC. [CA/CA]; 450 OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, rue de la Gare-du-Palais, ler etage, Quebec, Quebec G1K SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, 3X2 (CA).
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000
    Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1005 Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000 JAMES D. VINE, Editor GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1005 A collection of papers presented at a symposium held in Golden, Colorado, January 22-24, 1976 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director First printing 1976 Second printing 1977 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Vine, James David, 1921- Lithium resources and requirements by the year 2000. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1005) 1. Lithium ores-United States-Congresses. 2. Lithium-Congresses. I. Vine, James David, 1921- II. Title. HI. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1005. TN490.L5L57 553'.499 76-608206 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02887-5 CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction, by James D. Vine, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo ______________-_______-_-- — ------- —— —— ——— ---- 1 2. Battery research sponsored by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, by Albert Landgrebe, Energy Research and De­ velopment Administration, Washington, D.C., and Paul A. Nelson, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill-__- —— -____.—————— 2 3. Battery systems for load-leveling and electric-vehicle application, near-term and advanced technology (abstract), by N. P. Yao and W. J. Walsh, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 111___.__________________________________-___-_________ — ________ 5 4. Lithium requirements for high-energy lithium-aluminum/iron-sulfide batteries for load-leveling and electric-vehicle applications, by A.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Tourmaline As an Indicator of Provenance
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2016 Using Tourmaline As An Indicator Of Provenance: Development And Application Of A Statistical Approach Using Random Forests Erin Lael Walden Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Walden, Erin Lael, "Using Tourmaline As An Indicator Of Provenance: Development And Application Of A Statistical Approach Using Random Forests" (2016). LSU Master's Theses. 4490. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4490 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING TOURMALINE AS AN INDICATOR OF PROVENANCE: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A STATISTICAL APPROACH USING RANDOM FORESTS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Erin Lael Walden B.S., Louisiana State University, 2008 December 2016 In memory of Wayne Douglas Walden ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere and endless gratitude goes to Darrell Henry, who provided funding for two years and saw me through personal and academic hurdles with tireless patience and understanding. His insight and communication improved this manuscript greatly. I must also thank Barbara Dutrow for her suggestions and contributions, and Brian Marx for his expertise in statistics and help with programming.
    [Show full text]
  • Too Short-Lived Or Not Existing Species: N-Azidoamines
    Article Cite This: J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 4033−4039 pubs.acs.org/joc Too Short-Lived or Not Existing Species: N‑Azidoamines Reinvestigated Klaus Banert* and Tom Pester Chemnitz University of Technology, Organic Chemistry, Strasse der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Treatment of N-chlorodimethylamine with sodium azide in dichloromethane does not lead to N-azidodimethylamine, as thought for more than 50 years. Instead, surprisingly, (azidomethyl)dimethylamine is generated with good reproducibility. A plausible reaction mechanism to explain the formation of this product is presented. The reaction of lithium dibenzylhy- drazide with tosyl azide does not result in the creation of an N-azidoamine, which can be detected by IR spectroscopy at ambient temperature, as it was claimed previously. Additional experiments with diazo group transfer to lithium hydrazides show that intermediate N-azidoamines are very short-lived or their formation is bypassed by direct generation of 1,1-diazenes via synchronous cleavage of two N−N bonds. 1. INTRODUCTION Scheme 1. Attempts To Generate N-Azidoamines The azido unit belongs to the most important functional groups in chemistry because of a variety of applications, particularly in the case of organic azides.1 Not only carbon but also most elements in the periodic table form a bond to azide;2 however, only a few of the corresponding covalent compounds are of general interest, for example, as reagents in synthetic chemistry, such as hydrazoic acid,3 silyl azides,4 phosphoryl azides,5 and sulfonyl azides.5b,6 In particular, azides attached to − another nitrogen atom have only rarely been reported.7a d Such azides, in which the azide-bearing additional nitrogen atom is always connected with at least one strongly electron- withdrawing group, turned out to be very unstable.
    [Show full text]