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Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 29
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 29 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2003: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2003 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361-4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS BATTLE OF BRITAIN DAY. Address by Dr Alfred Price at the 5 AGM held on 12th June 2002 WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE LUFTWAFFE’S ‘TIP 24 AND RUN’ BOMBING ATTACKS, MARCH 1942-JUNE 1943? A winning British Two Air Forces Award paper by Sqn Ldr Chris Goss SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SIXTEENTH 52 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 12th JUNE 2002 ON THE GROUND BUT ON THE AIR by Charles Mitchell 55 ST-OMER APPEAL UPDATE by Air Cdre Peter Dye 59 LIFE IN THE SHADOWS by Sqn Ldr Stanley Booker 62 THE MUNICIPAL LIAISON SCHEME by Wg Cdr C G Jefford 76 BOOK REVIEWS. 80 4 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal -
A Welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft
COLUMN A welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft am delighted to have been asked to write a welcome Germany was an empire of 25 “states”; four kingdoms, six to this the second issue of Iron Cross magazine and to grand duchies, seven principalities and three Hanseatic be able to commend this splendid publication to the free cities. reader as an important historical journal. It provides Most had their own armies, even though some were Ian honest and objective look at German military history extremely small, consisting of just a single infantry from 1914 to 1945 for the first time. regiment. In most cases, these armies were trained, Over the past 33 years, I have built up the world’s organised and equipped after the Prussian model. largest collection of Victoria Crosses, Britain and the Although in wartime, these armies fell under the control Commonwealth’s premier gallantry award for bravery of the Prussian General Staff, the creation and bestowal ■ A selection of German gallantry awards from the First World War: L to R, Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class, Prussian Knight’s Cross of the Royal House Order in the face of the enemy. As such, I am now the humble of gallantry awards remained a privilege of the territorial of Hohenzollern with Swords, Military Merit Cross 2nd Class of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hamburg Hanseatic Cross and Honour Cross of custodian of more than 200 VCs from a total of over lords and sovereigns of the Reich. The reality was that the World War. -
One of the Enjoyable Aspects of Pilot Counters to Give Missions Historical
One of the enjoyable aspects of Galland, Adolph wanted more bombers; where RISE OF THE LUFTWAFFE and (Bf.109: P, H, Bu, A; Me.262: A, CV, P, Bu) Galland wanted to create a central EIGHTH AIR FORCE is using One of the most famous of all the fighter defense for protecting pilot counters to give missions Luftwaffe pilots, Adolph Galland Germany from Allied bombers, historical color. To many players, was a product of the "secret" Goring wanted a peripheral one. defeating a named ace is an event Luftwaffe of the 1930's, flying his Towards the end of the war worth celebrating. However, first combat missions over Spain Galland would repeatedly con while some of the pilots included in 1937 and 1938. He started serve his meager fighter forces for in the games are familiar to flying up to four sorties a day in telling blows upon the Allies, anyone with a passing interest in WW II in an antiquated Hs.123 only to have Hitler order them World War II (e.g. Bader, Galland, ground support aircraft during into premature and ineffective Yeager), most are much less the invasion of Poland, earning offensives. Galland also had to known. This is the first in a series the Iron Cross, Second Class. defend the pilots under his of articles by myself and other Without a victory at the end of the command from repeated defama authors which provide back campaign, he used trickery and a tion at the hands of Hitler, Goring ground information on the pilots sympathetic doctor to get himself and the German propaganda of the Down in Flames series. -
Hans Kammler, Hitler's Last Hope, in American Hands
WORKING PAPER 91 Hans Kammler, Hitler’s Last Hope, in American Hands By Frank Döbert and Rainer Karlsch, August 2019 THE COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT WORKING PAPER SERIES Christian F. Ostermann and Charles Kraus, Series Editors This paper is one of a series of Working Papers published by the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Established in 1991 by a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the Cold War as it emerges from previously inaccessible sources from all sides of the post-World War II superpower rivalry. Among the activities undertaken by the Project to promote this aim are the Wilson Center's Digital Archive; a periodic Bulletin and other publications to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for historians to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; and international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars. The CWIHP Working Paper series provides a speedy publication outlet for researchers who have gained access to newly-available archives and sources related to Cold War history and would like to share their results and analysis with a broad audience of academics, journalists, policymakers, and students. CWIHP especially welcomes submissions which use archival sources from outside of the United States; offer novel interpretations of well-known episodes in Cold War history; explore understudied events, issues, and personalities important to the Cold War; or improve understanding of the Cold War’s legacies and political relevance in the present day. -
Theory of Aces: High Score by Skill Or Luck?
Theory of aces: high score by skill or luck? M.V. Simkin and V.P. Roychowdhury Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 We studied the distribution of WWI fighter pilots by the number of victories they were credited with along with casualty reports. Using the maximum entropy method we obtained the underlying distribution of pilots by their skill. We find that the variance of this skill distribution is not very large, and that the top aces achieved their victory scores mostly by luck. For example, the ace of aces, Manfred von Richthofen, most likely had a skill in the top quarter of the active WWI German fighter pilots, and was no more special than that. When combined with our recent study [10], showing that fame grows exponentially with victory scores, these results (derived from real data) show that both outstanding achievement records and resulting fame are mostly due to chance. During the “Manhattan project” (the making of nuclear bomb), physicist Enrico Fermi asked General Leslie Groves, the head of the project, what is the definition of a “great” general [1]. Groves replied that any general who had won five battles in a row might safely be called great. Fermi then asked how many generals are great. Groves said about three out of every hundred. Fermi conjectured that if the chance of winning one battle is 1/2 then the chance of winning five battles in a row is 1 25 = 1 32 . “So you are right, General, about three out of every hundred. Mathematical probability, not genius.” Similarly to a great general, an ace is a fighter pilot who achieved five or more victories. -
British Identity, the Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2019 A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image Abby S. Whitlock College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Whitlock, Abby S., "A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image" (2019). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 1276. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/1276 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Return to Camelot?: British Identity, The Masculine Ideal, and the Romanticization of the Royal Flying Corps Image Abby Stapleton Whitlock Undergraduate Honors Thesis College of William and Mary Lyon G. Tyler Department of History 24 April 2019 Whitlock !2 Whitlock !3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………….. 4 Introduction …………………………………….………………………………… 5 Chapter I: British Aviation and the Future of War: The Emergence of the Royal Flying Corps …………………………………….……………………………….. 13 Wartime Developments: Organization, Training, and Duties Uniting the Air Services: Wartime Exigencies and the Formation of the Royal Air Force Chapter II: The Cultural Image of the Royal Flying Corps .……….………… 25 Early Roots of the RFC Image: Public Imagination and Pre-War Attraction to Aviation Marketing the “Cult of the Air Fighter”: The Dissemination of the RFC Image in Government Sponsored Media Why the Fighter Pilot? Media Perceptions and Portrayals of the Fighter Ace Chapter III: Shaping the Ideal: The Early Years of Aviation Psychology .…. -
The Battle for Air Supremacy in WWI By
The Battle for Air Supremacy in WWI by Mark Lindberg, Mtn View, CA - July 2021 A dozen years after the Wright Brothers first flight, Europe found itself mired in the First World War that began in August 1914. The advancement in weapons technology dwarfed the existing military strategy, operations, and tactics resulting in carnage on an industrial scale. The large artillery, machine guns, and barbed wire created very strong defensive positions that made ground attacks by both sides often suicidal. A solution to breaking the deadlock was aerial observation… Balloons had been used for this in the mid-19th century American Civil War, but with the improved photography of the early 20th century the accuracy of location enemy positions was significantly improved. Balloons were also launched in the early hours of the still air with an observer who often had to bail out with the early parachutes when attacked. The mobile platform of an airplane could fly over enemy positions and designate targets for more effective for future attacks. However, each adversary could minimize this foreign intelligence by thwarting incursion to its airspace with artillery and by their own aircraft. Initially these aerial duals were fought with pistols and rifles, but soon each side designed aircraft with more lethal weapons. The first of these “Pursuit” (later “Fighter”) aircraft was the German Fokker Eindecker (E.I-III) monoplane in late 1915. Designed by Dutchman Anthony Fokker, this aircraft initially used a Oberusel 80 HP rotary radial engine and quickly dominated the skies with a synchronized machine gun firing through the spinning propeller. -
Roland Sargent Collection Mongraphs
Roland Sargent Collection Mongraphs (Search the library catalog by author or title for more information and LC number) Author Title Apostolo, Giorgio ; Bignozzi, Giorgio ; McAdoo, Color Profiles of World War I Combat Planes Dale (trans.) Archibald, Norman Heaven High, Hell Deep 1917-1918 Bacon, W. Stevenson Sky Fighters of World War I Bishop, William A. ; Ulanoff, Stanley M. Winged Warfare Bodenschatz, Karl ; Göring, Karl Hunting with Richthofen Bourget, Charles L. Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a Bowen, Ezra Knights of the Air Bowyer, Chaz Airmen of World War 1 Bowyer, Chaz Sopwith Camel: King of Combat [signed by author] Bruce, J. M. Spad Scouts SVII-SXIII Bruce, J. M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters, Volume I Bruce, J. M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters, Volume II Bruce, J. M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters, Volume III Bruce, J. M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters, Volume V Campbell, Christopher Aces and Aircraft of World War I Carisella, P. J. ; Ryan, James W. Who Killed the Red Baron? Carisella, P. J. ; Ryan, James W. Who Killed the Red Baron? Clark, Alan Aces High Author Title Clark, Don Wild Blue Yonder: An Air Epic [2 copies] Cooke, David C. Sky Battle: 1914-1918 Coppens, Willy ; Ulanoff, Stanley M. (ed.) Flying in Flanders Fitzsimons, Bernard Warplanes & Air Battles of World War I Franks, Norman L. R. ; Bailey, Frank W. ; Guest, Above the Lines Russell Franks, Norman ; Guest, Russell ; Bailey, Bloody April... Black September Frank Franks, Norman ; Bailey, Frank ; Duiven, Rick The Jasta Pilots Fredette, Raymond H. -
The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force
12 The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the air arm of the British Army before and during the First World War, until it merged with the Royal Navy Air Service on 1 April 1918 to form the Royal Air Force. The Royal Flying Corps was established by royal warrant on 13 April 1912. The Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers became the Military Wing of the RFC on 13 May. The initial strength of the RFC was 133 officers and by the end of 1912 it had 12 manned balloons and 36 aeroplanes. The RFC came under the command of Brigadier-General Sir David Henderson, the Director of Military Training and had separate branches for the Army and the Navy, each with its own commander. The Royal Navy had different priorities to those of the Army and wished to retain greater control over its aircraft. The Naval branch separated and was renamed the Royal Navy Air Service in 1914, although a combined central flying school was retained. During the early part of the war, the RFC supported the British Army by co-operating with the artillery and carrying out photographic reconnaissance over the German lines. This was done by the airman sitting behind the pilot and leaning over the side of the aircraft with a large box camera. This work gradually led RFC pilots into aerial battles with German pilots (including the notorious German Ace known as the ‘Red Baron’, Manfred von Richthofen) and later into the war included the strafing of enemy infantry and emplacements, the bombing of German military airfields and transportation facilities. -
How Denver Got Its Castle by Dennis Payton Knight
How Denver Got Its Castle By Dennis Payton Knight It’s less than an hour’s walk from the castle to Windsor Gardens, but the Red Baron could have spanned it by air from his uncle’s castle in a minute. Baron Walter von Richthofen was the uncle and godfather of the Red Baron, Manfred von Richthofen, the World War I German flying ace. “Baron” means roughly “a man entitled to his own castle.” Baron Walter was born in 1850 in Silesia, then part of Prussia, later Germany, then Poland. In 1869, before serving in the Franco-Prussian War, he enjoyed a trip to America convincing him this was a land of opportunity. He returned after the war, found his way to Denver, and was impressed. A city in its infancy, he decided to grow up with it. He helped found the Denver Chamber of Commerce and established a real estate company. An eloquent salesman, he even promoted a rail line to get prospects to his offerings. Much of this essay I credit to an article by John Koster in Wild West Magazine in March of 2018. Koster detailed how Richthofen got rich once and went broke twice while building Denver up, and in the process built his castle in what is now Denver’s Montclair Park neighborhood. He also built a German beer garden, rare then in America, “where wives didn’t patronize saloons and didn’t care much for the women who did.” It had brass bands, and men actually danced with their wives, sometimes right after church. -
'Black Fokke Leader: Carl Degelow – the First World War's Last Airfighter
H-War Stewart on Kilduff, 'Black Fokke Leader: Carl Degelow – The First World War’s Last Airfighter Knight' Review published on Monday, May 20, 2013 Peter Kilduff. Black Fokke Leader: Carl Degelow – The First World War’s Last Airfighter Knight. London: Grub Street, 2009. 192 pp. $39.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-906502-28-7. Reviewed by Scott A. Stewart Published on H-War (May, 2013) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey World War I, the “war to end all wars,” brought about massive technological advances in warfare. The tank was introduced and utilized by Allies and Central Powers alike, and Germany used submarines in unrestricted warfare to assist in defeating Allied naval blockades and remove the chokehold it was putting on its war-fighting abilities. Arguably on the of the most important technological advances came over the western front as both sides took to the skies to provide detailed reconnaissance of enemy troop formations and build-ups, provide forward artillery observation, as well as bomb enemy strongholds in an attempt to soften the lines for the eventual ground pushes to follow. Mastery of the skies in World War I became an increasingly important element to modernized war. Still in its infancy, air power continued to expand even past its initial tasks, evolving into bombardment with escort flights, and culminating in what is now termed “air superiority,” more commonly known as dog-fighting. In the early years of World War I, no formal schools existed that captured and passed on doctrine for successful aerial combat. Instead, following initial pilot training, governments focused on making airworthy pilots and observers, along with their long-suffering ground crews, manage and care for the clumsy machines. -
Militärische Luftfahrt/ Luftwaffe/ Flugzeuge Der Marine/ Luftschutz, Auswirkung Von Bombenangriffen
Militärische Luftfahrt/ Luftwaffe/ Flugzeuge der Marine/ Luftschutz, Auswirkung von Bombenangriffen Bitte beachten Sie, dass zu den ab Seite 93 genannten Filmtiteln im Bundesarchiv kein benutzbares Material vorliegt. Gern können Sie unter [email protected] erfragen, ob eine Nutzung mittlerweile möglich ist. Kinematographische Nachrichten aus dem italienisch-türkischen Krieg (Italien/1911) Serie 6 und 8/9 PR: Cines, Rom ZT: deutsch Ausschiffung der italienischen Kavallerie und der Bagagewagen in Gargaresh; Ankunft des Kommandeurs des Italien. Expeditionskorps, General Caneva, in Tripolis; italienisches Feldlager bei Tripolis; erbeutete Karawane mit Lebensmitteln; Pferdeschwemme in der Rhede von Tripolis; Zug mit Lebensmitteln und Munition auf dem Weg zu den Vorposten; Feldmesse am Ehrenmal für die gefallenen Italiener; Abflug von Hptm. Moizo v. Hangar vom Flugplatz Gargaresh; Ltn. Gavotti kehrt vom Feindflug zurück; 8. und 12. Kompanie des 84. Inf.-R. mit den am 26.10.1911 eroberten osmanischen Fahnen. - Kriegsbilder 1914-1918 (ca. 1914) ...Flugzeuge mit der Aufschrift „US ARMY“ starten auf einem Feldflugplatz. Feindliche Flak beschießt Flugzeuge. Landen auf einem Feldflugplatz. Tiefflug. - Kriegsaufnahmen (1914/18) ...Startender Doppeldecker auf einem Feldflugplatz (aus: Kino-Kriegsschau 1/1914). ... Aufnahmen des am 28.10.1916 tödlich verunglückten Fliegers Hptm. Oswald Boelke. Boelke in Uniform und in Fliegerkombination, im Gespräch mit einem Offizier und im Jagdflugzeug (aus: Messter-Woche). ...Deutscher Flugplatz in der Sinai-Wüste. Start eines Doppeldeckers (aus: Messter-Woche). ...Besuch von Oberst Friedrich Frhr. Kreß v. Kressenstein, Kommandeur der deutschen Fliegertruppen in der Türkei, bei der Fliegerabteilung. Landung im Flugzeug und Begrüßung (aus: Messter-Woche) - Bilder aus dem 1. Weltkrieg (1915) ...Start eines Albatros B 1 - Der Krieg im Westen (1915) ...erste Flugzeuge auf dem Flugplatz von Pont Faverger.