Basic Operations of Spinning (Spun-Yarn from Staple Fibres) Yarn From

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Development of Spinning Modern/Alternative Spinning Technology Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hugh Gong 拱荣华 Hand spindle Textiles & Paper, School of Materials Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD )

Intermittent Twisting/Drafting and Winding

Basic operations of spinning (spun(spun--yarnyarn from staple fibres)

Fibre preparation (open/clean/mix)

Drafting (reducing thickness) Twisting (strengthening) Winding (building package)

Development of Spinning Development of Spinning

Hand spinning (twisting, drafting & winding) Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Separate Twisting/Drafting & Winding Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500)

Simultaneous Twisting and Winding Thick Yarns

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Development of Spinning

Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738)

Separate Drafting from Twisting Continuous Supply of Drafted Strand

Development of Spinning

Continuous & Fast Production of Yarn

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Development of Spinning

Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, 1764, Pat. 1770) Mule (Samuel Crompton, 1779)

Combination of Water Frame (Thomas Highs) and Spinning Jenny

Development of Spinning

Multi-spindle Spinning Wheel (Charkha) Good Quality Yarn

Quarry Bank Mill

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Development of Spinning

Yarn

Development of Spinning

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Why Do We Need Other Ring Spinning - A Closer Look Sppginning Technolog ies?

Fibre straightening & parallelization by drafting

Fibre under tension through the process Ring Spinning - Another Look

Production rate (kg/h): Ring Spun Yarn tex1.5 1 1 Fibres have high degree of straightness n × × × × 60 × E × N and parallelization 1000 K 1000

Good yarn tensile, hand and aesthetic Increases with properties Spindle speed n Ring Spinning Technology Yarn tex Wide yarn count range Machine efficiency E Suitable for most fibre types Number of spindles N Highly flexible Decreases with twist level K

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Machine efficiency is affected by: End breakage rate Some solutions End breakage rate is affected by: Do not use twist Machine condition Bonding (TNO, Periloc Felting) Yarn strength (evenness, fibre, twist, tex) Wrapping (Hollow Spindle, MJS, MVS) Yarn tension (spindle speed, balloon size, ring & traveller) Twist yarn directly, not the package OpenOpen--endend (rotor, DREF) Package size Yarn tex SelfSelf--twistingtwisting (REPCO) Spindle speed

Limitations of ring spinning

Technological

Yarn tension (traveller drag, balloon) Traveller speed Heat Draft system

Economic Large package size required (fewer knots, fewer replacements) but larger package requires more power to drive and faster traveller speed

Cause of Problem: Twist Insertion Requires Package Rotation

How to overcome the limitations of ring spinning and increase yarn production speed?