29/11/2011 Development of Spinning Modern/Alternative Spinning Technology Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hugh Gong 拱荣华 Hand spindle Textiles & Paper, School of Materials Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Intermittent Twisting/Drafting and Winding Basic operations of spinning (spun(spun--yarnyarn from staple fibres) Fibre preparation (open/clean/mix) Drafting (reducing thickness) Twisting (strengthening) Winding (building package) Development of Spinning Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting, drafting & winding) Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Separate Twisting/Drafting & Winding Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Simultaneous Twisting and Winding Thick Yarns 1 29/11/2011 Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Separate Drafting from Twisting Continuous Supply of Drafted Strand Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Continuous & Fast Production of Yarn 2 29/11/2011 Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, 1764, Pat. 1770) Mule (Samuel Crompton, 1779) Combination of Water Frame (Thomas Highs) and Spinning Jenny Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, 1764, Pat. 1770) Multi-spindle Spinning Wheel (Charkha) Good Quality Yarn Quarry Bank Mill 3 29/11/2011 Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, 1764, Pat. 1770) Mule (Samuel Crompton, 1779) Cap (Charles Danforth, 1828) Yarn Development of Spinning Hand spinning (twisting & winding) Hand spindle Spinning wheel (Charkha, India 500 to 1000 AD ) Bobbin-flyer system (Saxony wheel, 1500) Roller drafting (Lewis Paul 1738) Flyer spinning, Richard Arkwright, 1769 Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves, 1764, Pat. 1770) Mule (Samuel Crompton, 1779) Cap (Charles Danforth, 1828) Rotating ring with fixed traveller (John Thorp, 1828) Fixed ring with free traveller 4 29/11/2011 Why Do We Need Other Ring Spinning - A Closer Look Sppginning Technolog ies? Fibre straightening & parallelization by drafting Fibre under tension through the process Ring Spinning - Another Look Production rate (kg/h): Ring Spun Yarn tex1.5 1 1 Fibres have high degree of straightness n × × × × 60 × E × N and parallelization 1000 K 1000 Good yarn tensile, hand and aesthetic Increases with properties Spindle speed n Ring Spinning Technology Yarn tex Wide yarn count range Machine efficiency E Suitable for most fibre types Number of spindles N Highly flexible Decreases with twist level K 5 29/11/2011 Machine efficiency is affected by: End breakage rate Some solutions End breakage rate is affected by: Do not use twist Machine condition Bonding (TNO, Periloc Felting) Yarn strength (evenness, fibre, twist, tex) Wrapping (Hollow Spindle, MJS, MVS) Yarn tension (spindle speed, balloon size, ring & traveller) Twist yarn directly, not the package OpenOpen--endend (rotor, DREF) Package size Yarn tex SelfSelf--twistingtwisting (REPCO) Spindle speed Limitations of ring spinning Technological Yarn tension (traveller drag, balloon) Traveller speed Heat Draft system Economic Large package size required (fewer knots, fewer replacements) but larger package requires more power to drive and faster traveller speed Cause of Problem: Twist Insertion Requires Package Rotation How to overcome the limitations of ring spinning and increase yarn production speed? 6.